SUBJECT: FABRICATION OF AIRCRAFT 

PARTS BY MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL

Date: 3/24/06

Initiated By: AFS-307 

AC No: 43-18

Change: 

1. PURPOSE. 

a. The purpose of this advisory circular (AC) is to ensure that parts fabricated during 

maintenance and alteration have an equivalent level of safety to those parts produced under the 

original design holder’s production certificate. This AC provides one means of complying with 

the requirements of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 21 and part 43 for 

the design and fabrication of parts by persons performing maintenance and alterations using 

methods, techniques, and practices acceptable to the Administrator. As required by regulation, 

such parts fabrication and their implementation must be accomplished “in such a manner... that 

the condition of the aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance worked on will be 

at least equal to its original or properly altered condition.” 

b. This AC is not mandatory and does not constitute a regulation. It is issued for guidance 

and to outline one method of compliance with the rules. In lieu of following without deviation 

the method prescribed herein, a person may elect to follow an alternative method, provided the 

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) finds the alternative method to be an acceptable means 

of complying with the applicable requirements of 14 CFR. 

2. REGULATIONS AND GUIDANCE MATERIAL. 

a. Regulations. Refer to the following regulations in 14 CFR generally applicable to 

satisfying or making a finding of compliance. 

(1) Part 1, Definitions and Abbreviations. 

(2) Part 21, Certification Procedures for Products and Parts. 

(3) Part 23, Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter 

Category Airplanes. 

(4) Part 25, Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes. 

 
AC 43-18 3/24/06 

(5) Part 27, Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft. 

(6) Part 29, Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft. 

(7) Part 31, Airworthiness Standards: Manned Free Balloons. 

(8) Part 33, Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines. 

(9) Part 35, Airworthiness Standards: Propellers. 

(10) Part 39, Airworthiness Directives. 

(11) Part 43, Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration. 

(12) Part 45, Identification and Registration Marking. 

(13) Part 65, Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers. 

(14) Part 91, General Operating and Flight Rules. 

(15) Part 145, Repair Stations. 

(16) Part 183, Representatives of the Administrator. 

b. Electronic Guidance Material. The FAA hosts a Web site for publications. We

encourage interested persons to access FAA publications at the following URL: 

http://www.faa.gov/RegulatoryAdvisory/index.htm. 

c. Alternate Methods of Obtaining Publications. Copies of the following FAA Orders 

may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, 

Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. 

(1) Order 8110.42, Parts Manufacturer Approval Procedures. 

(2) Order 8110.46, Major Alterations That Require Supplemental Type Certificates. 

(3) Order 8120.11, Disposition of Scrap or Salvageable Aircraft Parts and Material. 

(4) Order 8130.2, Airworthiness Certification of Aircraft and Related Products. 

(5) Order 8300.10, Airworthiness Inspector’s Handbook. 

(6) Order 8120.2, Production Approval and Certificate Management Procedures 

(appendix 4, Category Parts List). 

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3/24/06 AC 43-18 

d. Advisory Circulars. You may obtain copies of these documents from the U.S. 

Department of Transportation, Subsequent Distribution Center, SVC-121.23, Ardmore East 

Business Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue, Landover, MD 20785. 

(1) AC 20-62, Eligibility, Quality, and Identification of Aeronautical Replacement Parts. 

(2) AC 21-29, Detecting and Reporting Suspected Unapproved Parts. 

(3) AC 43-9, Maintenance Records. 

(4) AC 43.9-1, Instructions for Completion of FAA Form 337 (OMB NO. 2120-0020), 

Major Repair and Alteration (Airframe, Powerplant, Propeller, or Appliance). 

(5) AC 43.13-1B, Acceptable Methods, Techniques, and Practices - Aircraft Inspection 

and Repair. 

(6) AC 43.13-2A, Acceptable Methods, Techniques, and Practices - Aircraft Alterations. 

(7) AC 43-210, Standardized Procedures for Requesting Field Approval of Data, Major 

Alterations, and Repairs. 

(8) AC 91-60, The Continued Airworthiness of Older Airplanes. 

(9) AC 120-77, Maintenance and Alteration Data.

3. DEFINITIONS. The following definitions apply for this AC:

a. Acceptable Data. Data is acceptable to the Administrator when used within the context 

of maintenance, a minor repair, or an alteration if the data substantiates that the product has been 

returned to its original or properly altered condition. Acceptable data may establish that the 

fabricated part complies with applicable airworthiness standards (i.e., regulations). When 

acceptable data is used to substantiate that the article meets the regulatory requirements and will 

be returned to its original or properly altered condition, it can be considered “acceptable to the 

Administrator.” 

b. Airworthy. The term “airworthy” is not defined in Title 49 of the United States Code 

(49 U.S.C.), or in 14 CFR; however, a clear understanding of its meaning is essential in making 

an airworthiness determination. Furthermore, the definition of airworthy applies to typecertificated products (aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller), and parts thereof. Title 49 U.S.C. 

section 44704(c) and 14 CFR section 21.183(a), (b), and (c) state that the two conditions that 

must be met for issuance of an airworthiness certificate are: 

(1) The product must conform to its type certificate (TC). A product conforms to its TC 

when its configuration and the components installed are as described in the drawings, 

specifications, and other data that are part of the TC, which includes any Supplemental Type 

Par 2 Page 3 
AC 43-18 3/24/06 

Certificates (STC), Airworthiness Directives (AD), and field approved alterations incorporated 

into the product; and 

(2) The aircraft (product) must be in a condition for safe operation. 

NOTE: If one or more of these conditions are not satisfied, the product

would be considered not to be airworthy. 

c. Approved Data. Data that has been approved by the FAA and that is used to perform 

maintenance and alterations on products under 14 CFR part 43. Approved data must be used 

when performing major repairs and alterations. The FAA approves the data in conjunction with 

the issuance of a TC, STC, Technical Standard Order Authorization (TSOA), or Parts 

Manufacturer Approval (PMA). Other forms of approved data include ADs, letters of 

engineering design approval issued by an FAA Aircraft Certification Office (ACO), maintenance 

instructions approved by an FAA designated engineering representative (DER), and FAAapproved structural repair manuals (SRM). 

NOTE: While technical and other forms of data are approved under the field 

approval process as declared on Form 337, such approved data may not be

sufficiently detailed to allow for fabrication of parts that are intended for use 

in multiple applications. 

d. Certificate Holder. Any person certificated by the FAA and authorized to perform 

maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alterations as provided in 

14 CFR section 43.3. Within the context of this AC, if a certificate holder intends to fabricate a 

part for maintaining a product he/she may do so only under the provisions (privileges) of his/her 

certificate. 

e. Certificate Management ACO. The ACO responsible for issuing and overseeing the 

original design or technical approval under TC, STC, TSOA, or PMA of the product or article on 

which the fabricated part will be installed. The certificate management ACO is also responsible 

for managing continued airworthiness of a product for as long as it is in service. 

f. Critical. A term of significance applied to a part or to a function performed by a part. A 

critical part performs a function of such significance (critical function) to the aircraft on which it 

is installed that, if it failed, the airworthiness of the aircraft would be degraded to an extent that 

would preclude continued safe flight or landing. 

g. Consumed. A fabricated part, or portion thereof, is considered consumed in a repair, 

when it is installed on or within a product or part thereof undergoing maintenance or an 

alteration, including when a fabricated part is installed into the next higher-level assembly or 

component part installed or intended to be installed within the product. 

h. Design. Consists of all drawings and specifications, which may be summarized on a 

master drawing list. These are necessary to show the configuration of the part(s) and all 

information on dimensions, tolerances, materials, processes, and procedures necessary to define 

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3/24/06 AC 43-18 

all characteristics of the part(s), as well as, the airworthiness limitations section of the 

Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA). 

i. Fabrication. An act in which a part/subpart is made (fabricated) and consumed by the 

fabricator on the product or part thereof in the course of repair in accordance with approved or 

acceptable data depending on the category classification of the part being fabricated and the 

applicable regulations. In addition, a maintenance record entry must be made with a description 

of work performed, date of completion, name of person who performed the work, and a 

satisfactory signature and FAA certificate number. 

j. Flight Standards District Office (FSDO). The FAA FSDO that has the responsibility for 

certificate management over the certificate holder that is undertaking the fabrication of the part 

or part thereof. 

k. Parts Categories. Parts are classified into one of three categories, depending on their 

potential effect on safety. They are listed on a Category Parts List (CPL). Criteria exists for 

establishing and identifying part categories, as discussed in paragraphs 5d(1) and 6b(1) through 

(3) of this AC. The criteria details the level of FAA involvement necessary to approve the 

fabrication of such parts. It also specifies the level of technical data, quality control system, 

procedures development, and processes necessary to substantiate fabrication of such parts within 

each category.

l. Project ACO. The ACO responsible for a project, which results in approving data 

submitted by the fabricator to FAA for fabricating the part. The project ACO may be required to

coordinate with the certificate management ACO, depending upon the criticality classification 

and complexity of the part to be fabricated. 

m. Production. An act in which a part is manufactured under 14 CFR part 21 to an 

approved design or to established industry standard or specification recognized by the United 

States. 

n. Subcontractor. A person providing parts, materials, or related services (welding, plating, 

machining, etc.,) to the certificate holder responsible for fabrication of the part. The 

subcontractor must be subject to control and surveillance by that certificate holder who is 

ultimately responsible for the airworthiness of the part and its fabrication processes. 

4. BACKGROUND. 

a. Maintenance personnel have raised questions and concerns regarding their authority to 

fabricate aircraft parts during the course of performing maintenance and alterations on a product 

or part thereof. Typically, such questions center around whether a person needs an approval 

under 14 CFR part 21 to produce parts for installation on type-certificated products or whether it 

is permissible to use the maintenance rules outlined in 14 CFR part 43 to fabricate parts for 

consumption during maintenance or alteration. Previous questions were evaluated against 

regulatory criteria and answered on a case-by-case basis. 

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AC 43-18 3/24/06 

b. It is important to emphasize that design and production rules differ from maintenance and 

alteration rules. Therefore, it is crucial that the FAA organization responsible for each of these 

different activities is appropriately involved when acquiring approvals. For example, FSDO 

inspectors have the necessary knowledge on requirements for maintaining a product, whereas 

Manufacturing Inspection District Office (MIDO) inspectors possess the expertise and 

familiarity with the requirements for manufacturing parts and their use of specific materials and 

processes. Compliance with both the maintenance and manufacturing requirements is the only 

way a certificate holder can ensure that a fabricated part is airworthy. This AC provides 

guidance for establishing a system that ensures the same level of safety for parts fabricated under 

14 CFR part 43 for maintenance or repair purposes as those produced under the production rules 

under 14 CFR part 21. 

c. Any person who engages in the design, production, operation, maintenance, or alteration 

of a civil aviation product is responsible for ensuring that the part/product conforms to its 

approved design and is in condition for safe operation. Therefore, an appropriately rated 

certificate holder that fabricates a part in the course of performing maintenance or alterations 

must possess: 

(1) Approved design data or data acceptable to the Administrator that is determined by 

the category classification for the part being fabricated; and 

(2) A fabrication quality control system (FQCS) to ensure each fabricated part conforms

to its design data and is in a condition for safe operation. 

5. FABRICATION UNDER 14 CFR SECTIONS 21.305(d) AND 43.13(a)(b). 

a. Many elements affect the nature of the processes and extent of the requirements needed to 

fabricate parts during the course of performing maintenance and/or an alteration. This includes 

such elements as: the criticality (application) of the part being fabricated, any processes required 

for fabrication, sufficiency of design data, equipment necessary for fabrication of the part, and 

the extent of FAA involvement in data approval to ensure airworthiness requirements are 

satisfied. Parts design data may be approved under 14 CFR section 21.305(d) and fabricated 

under 14 CFR section 43.13(a) and (b), providing the fabricator installs the part onto or within 

the product or part thereof while it is undergoing repair or alteration. 

NOTE: A certificate holder that desires to sell his/her fabricated parts

separately (i.e., outside the course of performing maintenance or an 

alteration) must obtain a PMA (ref. 14 CFR section 21.303(a)). 

b. Parts fabrication must be performed within the privileges and limitations of the certificate 

holder’s FAA authorization and ratings, and in accordance with his/her established quality 

control system. 

c. When a subcontractor is used in the fabrication process, the certificate holder under whose 

surveillance the fabrication occurs must control the design, manufacture, and quality of the part. 

The work performed by the subcontractor must be documented to support a determination of 

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3/24/06 AC 43-18 

conformance to the purchase order requirements and substantiated by a maintenance record. The 

documentation must describe any special processes. Subcontractors must be subject to control 

and audit by the certificate holder fabricating the part for return to service.

d. Procedures for addressing the criteria recommended in paragraph 5d(1) through (6) below 

must be documented and recorded in a manual or similar type of document, easily understood, and 

readily available to the person(s) fabricating the part(s).

(1) Required data must include the following, dependent on the category of the part as 

defined in paragraph 6. 

(a) For Category 1 and Category 2 Parts:

i. Drawings and specifications necessary to show the configuration of the 

fabricated part. 

ii. Information on materials, dimensions, and processes (including special 

manufacturing processes) necessary to define the structural strength or other critical 

characteristics of the fabricated part.

iii. Inspection and test procedures. 

iv. Substantiating data (test reports, analysis, computations, and assessments) 

necessary to show that the design data used to fabricate the part for a repair or alteration meets 

the applicable airworthiness standards and that no detrimental consequences will result in 

degradation to the next higher-level subassembly or assembly, or to the product. 

v. Airworthiness limitations, as applicable. 

vi. ICA/maintenance instructions if the application for design approval is sought 

for a product or article in which the fabricated part is eligible for installation, was filed on or 

after January 28, 1981. 

vii. Fabricated part marking. 

(b) For Category 3 Parts:

i. Data adequate to substantiate that the fabricated part as consumed within the 

repair or during the alteration returns the product to its original or properly altered condition, 

e.g., AC 43.13, Service Bulletins, Component Maintenance Manual (CMM), service history, or 

prior service experience, etc., in accordance with 14 CFR section 43.13(b). 

NOTE: All fabrication repairs of parts must be accomplished in accordance 

with methods, techniques, and practices acceptable to the Administrator in 

accordance with 14 CFR section 43.13(a). 

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AC 43-18 3/24/06 

(2) Fabrication Quality Control System (FQCS). In order to substantiate and 

demonstrate that a part being fabricated during the course of performing maintenance conforms

to the approved design data and is in condition for safe operation, quality control system 

procedures should be established for ensuring all processes and requirements necessary to 

fabricate the product or part thereof are identified and adhered to. The depth and detail of the 

fabrication quality control system depends on the complexity and category classification of the 

part being fabricated. The following are recommended elements that could be addressed in the 

fabricator’s quality control system: 

(a) Materials and services used in the fabrication process should be properly 

identified and inspected to ensure that they conform to the applicable design data, including their 

physical and chemical properties, and other characteristics affecting airworthiness. 

(b) A list of the parts fabricated by nomenclature and part number. 

(c) Name and location of any fabrication subcontractor(s) involved must be included 

in the quality control system, or recorded and maintained separately, and must be made available 

to the FAA upon request. The methods used to qualify subcontractors and to control the design 

and quality of the finished part should also be addressed within the quality control system. 

(d) Materials used in such fabrication that may be subject to damage or deterioration 

(e.g., composite material, shelf life-limited, sealants, etc.,) must be suitably stored, documented 

and adequately protected. 

(e) Processes affecting the quality and safety of the finished product must be 

accomplished in accordance with acceptable specifications by trained and qualified personnel. 

(f) Fabrication methods used, including any special fabrication processes, must be 

adequately controlled and contain instructions such as acceptable methods, techniques, and 

practices for performing the work, and be documented as established by the quality control 

system. 

(g) Specifications used must have definitive and verifiable standards for evaluating 

airworthiness, including in-process inspections, as appropriate, and a final inspection before the 

part’s release for use in a repair or alteration. 

(h) All part fabrication and inspection data must be current and readily available to 

fabrication inspection personnel and FAA inspectors. 

(i) Changes to design data must be evaluated by the certificate holder before being 

incorporated into the finished part in accordance with the requirements outlined in Appendix 1. 

(j) Rejected materials must be segregated and identified in such a manner as to 

preclude further use. 

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3/24/06 AC 43-18 

(k) Fabrication and inspection records associated with the part must be retained in 

accordance with regulatory requirements. 

(3) Part Marking. Except as noted below, fabricated parts must be clearly identified 

with an additional permanent and legible marking.

(a) The marking must include the following: 

(1) The name, trademark, or symbol of the FAA certificate holder (fabricator) 

under whose control the fabrication occurred; 

(2) A unique part number that clearly distinguishes the fabricated part; and 

(3) The original manufacturer’s part number if removed as a result of the 

fabrication. 

(b) Critical parts must be marked in accordance with 14 CFR section 45.14. This 

part marking provides traceability for subsequent operators and maintenance providers to the 

source of the fabricated part. 

NOTE: In cases where it is impractical to mark the fabricated part without

compromising the airworthiness (integrity) of the part, the marking 

information should be included in the maintenance records for the part or 

part thereof. 

(4) ICA. Under 14 CFR section 21.50, design approval holders are required to develop 

and distribute information essential to continued airworthiness of their parts and/or products. 

Typically, these instructions are included in maintenance and overhaul manuals to describe the 

methods, techniques, and practices for performing inspections, maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, and alterations to ensure that the affected products are maintained in an airworthy 

condition. Certain sections of the ICA, and any changes to those sections, (e.g., airworthiness 

limitations, wiring diagrams, or SRM revisions) require FAA approval. 

(a) When parts are fabricated during the course of performing maintenance, the 

fabricator must address the following ICA requirements that may be applicable to the fabricated 

part(s). 

i. Determine whether the existing ICA for the original part is sufficient to ensure 

the fabricated part continues to meet all airworthiness requirements. 

ii. In cases where the original part manufacturer’s ICA has been determined to be 

inadequate, the fabricator must develop its own ICA to ensure continued airworthiness of the 

fabricated or affected part. 

iii. When it is necessary to develop a new ICA, current inspection criteria 

essential to the airworthiness of the part(s) must be maintained and kept current. 

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AC 43-18 3/24/06 

iv. When the certificate holder develops its own ICA, it must be provided with 

the part and made available to any other person requesting the ICA for maintaining the fabricated 

parts. 

v. Revision control for the ICA must be maintained to ensure it remains 

applicable. This is particularly important when changes are made to the original product and the 

ICAs were changed to accommodate installation of a fabricated part. 

NOTE: Each Aircraft Certification Service Directorate has an established 

Aircraft Evaluation Group (AEG) that is part of Flight Standards Service 

(AFS) and is directly responsible for the operational and maintenance 

aspects of the certification process.

(5) Fabrication of Multiple Parts. A quantity of identical parts bearing the same part 

number may be fabricated at the same time, providing they will be consumed in later repairs by 

the certificate holder that fabricated those parts. Controls should be in place to prevent separate 

sales of these specific parts (i.e., sales to other persons independent of the repair). If a certificate 

holder desires to sell its fabricated part(s) separately, it must obtain a PMA. The fabrication of 

multiple parts is not to be used as a means to circumvent the requirements of 14 CFR section 

21.303(a). 

(6) Recordkeeping. Fabrication of a part in accordance with this AC is subject to the 

maintenance recordkeeping provisions of 14 CFR section 43.9. A recordkeeping system should 

be established for documenting fabricated parts containing sufficient information to determine 

the airworthiness status of the part. Information contained in the maintenance record entry could 

include a description of work performed, date of work completion, person approving return-toservice, current status of any ADs, current inspection status, and current status of life-limited 

parts. These maintenance records should be retained with the aircraft records. 

(7) Destruction of Replaced Material. Material replaced by the fabricated part should 

be mutilated/destroyed beyond any possibility of repair or reassembly and should not be retained 

for future use. 

6. DETERMINING PART CATEGORY.

a. Criticality Level -- Category Parts List. 

(1) The FAA’s Aircraft Certification Service (AIR) uses Order 8120.2, Production 

Approval and Certificate Management Procedures (appendix 4, Category Parts List), in 

combination with other factors, to determine a part’s criticality level. The Category Parts List 

(CPL) classifies parts into one of three categories depending on their effect on safety. The CPL 

list is regularly updated and maintained in electronic format on the Aircraft Certification 

Service’s Web site by AIR based on input from each of the four Aircraft Certification 

Directorates. 

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3/24/06 AC 43-18 

(2) When used in the context of this AC, this CPL is a means to determine the criticality 

category of the part and the level of AIR involvement needed in the design data approval process 

for certificate holders fabricating parts. 

NOTE: No part, or fabricated part thereof, that is the subject of an AD can be 

installed on an aircraft without complying with the AD or obtaining an Alternative 

Method of Compliance (AMOC) approval from the responsible ACO. 

b. Part Categories.

(1) Category 1 Part. A fabricated part, the failure of which could prevent continued 

safe flight and landing; resulting consequences could reduce safety margins, degrade 

performance, or cause loss of capability to conduct certain flight operations. 

(a) Design Issues. A Category 1 part is a part intended to be consumed within a 

major repair or major alteration. The certificating ACO, through the geographic ACO, must 

approve the design data. The list of data to be submitted to the ACO can be found in paragraph 

5d(1)(a). The ACO will make the determination of necessary data for development and 

submittal based on each circumstance. In the case of a Category 1 part, a DER may only 

“recommend approval” of the design data. 

(b) Fabrication Issues. The certificate holder is responsible for ensuring all aspects 

of the FQCS are addressed and satisfied. The guidelines provided in paragraph 5d(2) should be 

used to develop the FQCS for compliance. 

(2) Category 2 Part. A fabricated part, the failure of which would not prevent 

continued safe flight and landing, but would reduce the capability of the aircraft or the ability of 

the flightcrew to cope with adverse operating conditions or subsequent failures. 

(a) Design Issues. A Category 2 part is a part intended to be consumed within a 

major repair or major alteration. Design data is required to be approved by the geographic ACO 

or appropriately authorized DER. The list of required data to be submitted to the ACO or the 

DER for approval can be found in paragraph 5d(1)(a). 

(b) Fabrication Issues. The certificate holder is responsible for ensuring all aspects 

of the FQCS are addressed and satisfied. The guidelines provided in paragraph 5d(2) should be 

used to develop the FQCS for compliance. 

(3) Category 3 Part. A fabricated part, the failure of which would have no effect on the 

continued safe flight and landing of the aircraft. 

(a) Design Issues. The fabrication of a Category 3 part will generally require only 

acceptable data. Fabrication of this type of part will typically result in no involvement by AIR 

unless the Flight Standards Service aviation safety inspector (ASI) requests assistance.

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AC 43-18 3/24/06 

(b) Fabrication Issues. The certificate holder is responsible for ensuring all aspects 

of the FQCS are addressed and satisfied. The guidelines provided in Appendix 1 should be used 

to develop the fabrication quality control system for compliance with paragraph 5d(2). 

NOTE: A summary of the certificate holder requirements for data based on 

the category of the part can be found in Appendix 1 of this AC. 

ORIGINAL SIGNED by

James J. Ballough 

Director, Flight Standards Service

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3/24/06 AC 43-18 

Appendix 1 

APPENDIX 1. 

Summary of Requirements for Certificate Holders Seeking to Fabricate Parts Pursuant to 

Title 14 of the Federal Code of Regulations (14 CFR) Part 21 and Part 43 

Fabrication

Part 

Category 

Fabrication

Quality 

Control 

System 

(FQCS) 

Required 

Manual 

Procedures

ACO Design 

Data 

Approval 

DER 

Approval 

Authority 

FSDO 

Review Of 

FQCS 

1 Yes Yes Yes

Certificating

ACO through 

the 

Geographical 

ACO 

(Recommend 

Approval 

only) 

Yes 

2 Yes Yes Yes

Geographic 

ACO 

Yes Yes

3 Yes Yes Only

Acceptable 

Data is 

Required 

For this 

Category, 

 ACO 

intervention 

only on 

request by AFS

Yes, 

But not 

required 

Yes 

Fabrication part categories used in this AC were derived from FAA Order 8120.2, Production 

Approval and Certificate Management Procedures. 

Category 1 Part: A fabricated part, the failure of which could prevent continued safe 

flight and landing; resulting consequences could reduce safety margins, degrade performance, or 

cause loss of capability to conduct certain flight operations. 

Category 2 Part: A fabricated part, the failure of which would not prevent continued 

safe flight and landing, but would reduce the capability of the aircraft or the ability of the crew to 

cope with adverse operating conditions or subsequent failures. 

Category 3 Part: A fabricated part the failure of which would have no effect on the 

continued safe flight and landing of the aircraft. 

Page 1 (and 2)