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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

ACCURATE TREE AND LANDSCAPING 

SERVICES,

Plaintiff,

v. Civil Action No. 18-1012 (JEB)

CDAG INTERNATIONAL, 

 Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Plaintiff Accurate Tree and Landscaping Services sued CDAG International for breach of 

contract. As Defendant has never appeared despite proper service, the Clerk entered a default 

against it. Accurate now moves for default judgment. Although it has taken Plaintiff some time 

to file sufficient pleadings, the Court will grant the Motion here.

I. Legal Standard

The determination of whether a default judgment is appropriate is “committed to the 

sound discretion of the trial court.” Jackson v. Beech, 636 F.2d 831, 835 (D.C. Cir. 1980) 

(citations omitted). A default judgment may enter where a defendant is “totally unresponsive,” 

and its default is plainly willful, as reflected by its failure to respond to the summons and 

complaint, the entry of default, or the motion for default judgment. See Gutierrez v. Berg 

Contracting Inc., No. 99-3044, 2000 WL 331721, at *1 (D.D.C. March 20, 2000) (citing Jackson, 

636 F.2d at 836). Nevertheless, “[m]odern courts are . . . reluctant to enter and enforce 

judgments unwarranted by the facts,” Jackson, 636 F.2d at 835, and “a district court may still 

deny an application for default judgment where the allegations of the complaint, even if true, are 
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legally insufficient to make out a claim.” Gutierrez, 2000 WL 331721, at *2 (citing Aldabe v. 

Aldabe, 616 F.2d 1089, 1092 (9th Cir. 1980)). Once a default is entered, however, the defendant 

“is deemed to admit every well-pleaded allegation in the complaint.” Adkins v. Teseo, 180 F.

Supp. 2d 15, 17 (D.D.C. 2001); see Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hughes, 449 F.2d 51, 63 (2d 

Cir. 1971), rev’d on other grounds, 409 U.S. 363 (1973); see also 10A Wright & Miller, Fed. 

Prac. & Proc. Civ. § 2688.1 (4th ed.) (defaulting “defendant has no further standing to contest 

the factual allegations of plaintiff’s claim for relief”). If those facts are sufficient to establish 

liability, the court then “make[s] an independent determination of the sum to be awarded” based 

upon evidence in the record. See Adkins, 180 F. Supp. 2d at 17.

II. Analysis

There is no doubt that Defendant has been “totally unresponsive” and willfully in default 

in this case. Indeed, it has had multiple opportunities to respond given the numerous missteps by 

Plaintiff. On May 1, 2018, Gary Null, the owner of Accurate, filed the first Complaint here and 

served CDAG on May 9, 2018. See ECF No. 1 (Compl.); ECF No. 3 (Return of Service). After 

Null amended the caption of the Complaint to make clear the name of the entity he was suing, 

see ECF No. 9 & Minute Order of Aug. 10, 2018, the Clerk entered default on August 16. See

ECF No. 11. When Null moved for default judgment, however, the Court explained that he was 

not the proper Plaintiff since only Accurate was a party to the contract. See Minute Order of 

Sept. 25, 2018.

The Amended Complaint rectified that error. See ECF No. 15. On Accurate’s next 

attempt at default judgment, the Court pointed out that no proof of service had ever been filed. 

See Minute Order of Dec. 11, 2018. Plaintiff then filed such proof, see ECF No. 19, but 

puzzlingly asked for relief under Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b), which had no relevance here in the 
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absence of a judgment. See Minute Order of Jan. 9, 2019. A new affidavit of default was 

subsequently filed, see ECF No. 21, and entry of default once again granted by the Clerk. See

ECF No. 24. The most current Motion for Default Judgment is now pending. See ECF No. 25. 

Despite this Court’s admonitions, see Minute Order of Sept. 4, 2018, the current Motion 

again omits the contract and any affidavit. The Court will nonetheless liberally incorporate those 

documents from a prior failed pleading, see ECF Nos. 13-1 (Affidavit of Gary Null), 13-2

(Subcontract Agreement), though it could once again deny this Motion for failure to include the

necessary documents.

Null has averred that he entered into the attached contract with Accurate for $82,500 and 

then agreed on an additional $8,500 and that, despite performing the work, he was never paid. 

See Null Aff. at 1. This is sufficient to prove the existence of a contract, its breach, and the 

amount owed.

III. Conclusion

The Court will, accordingly, issue an Order granting the Motion and entering judgment 

for $91,000.

 /s/ James E. Boasberg 

 JAMES E. BOASBERG

 United States District Judge

Date: February 27, 2019