Annotated Bibliography of Source Water 

Protection Materials

EPA 816-C-03-003

June 2003

U.S. EPA

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water

Drinking Water Protection Division

Prevention Branch
Building EPA’s Annotated 

Bibliography 

of Source Water Materials

NEW on CD 

Summer 2003 Version

Many of the entries in the bibliography were 

developed or funded by EPA. EPA is seeking 

additional information on resource materials to 

expand the current the bibliography.

• Source water protection 

• Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water 

Act Integration 

• Source water protection benefits 

• Public participation 

• Funding protection 

• Best Management Practices 

• Underground Injection Control 

Program 

The bibliography will be expanded to include 

additional resource materials. 

Types of Resource Materials 

The Bibliography has the following types of 

materials: 

• fact sheets 

• reports 

• articles 

• guides 

• videos 

• brochures 

• case studies 

• regulations 

• web pages 

Citations 

Details for each entry include the type of 

document, originator, date published, target 

audience, whether funded or produced by EPA, 

where to obtain a copy, and a brief summary. 

The CD contains three formats: MS Word, 

WordPerfect, and PDF with search functions to 

locate information. 

Source Water Subjects 

The bibliography has information on the 

following subjects: 

Phases of Bibliography 

Many of the resource materials included in the 

summer 2003 version were developed or 

funded by EPA’s Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water. EPA intends to release a 

second version that will include more materials 

from other governmental agencies and not-forprofit organizations. Resource materials will be 

reviewed prior to incorporating them. 

Ultimately, it will be converted to a searchable 

database on the EPA Source Water Website. 

Future Updates 

As with any information tool, this bibliography 

will require periodic updating. EPA is 

committed to establishing a procedure for 

updating it on a regular basis. 

Call for Materials 

If you have materials to be considered for the 

bibliography, either send them or a website 

electronically to Marjorie Copeland at 

copeland.jori@epa.gov . 

Office of Water (4606M) 

June 2003

EPA 816-F-03-010 

www.epa.gov/safewater
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1

KEY TERMS ...................................................................................................................................2

SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT................................................................................................3

SOURCE WATER PROTECTION.................................................................................................9

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .........................................................................................25

WELLHEAD PROTECTION .......................................................................................................29

UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL ...............................................................................43

CLEAN WATER ACT/SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (CWA/SDWA) INTEGRATION....51

SECURITY ....................................................................................................................................55

FUNDING......................................................................................................................................55

OTHER ..........................................................................................................................................62
INTRODUCTION 

On the following pages is a comprehensive list of available materials on source water protection 

(SWP). The documents are organized by subject area. Within each subject area, materials are 

classified as technical materials, outreach materials, or programmatic guidance. Programmatic 

guidance provides direction and priorities for actions. Technical guidance provides detailed 

instruction on tools to assist program implementation. Outreach documents provide key 

information for stakeholders on program and technical information. For each, the title, type of 

document, publication date, authoring organization, and document number (if available), 

availability (as of May 2003), publication date, format (e.g., report or brochure), and key terms 

are presented. You can search by the subjects below or by keyword. A list of key terms are 

presented on the following page. Each entry has information on how to obtain the resource 

material. For EPA materials obtainable from the National Service Center for Environmental 

Publications (NSCEP), contact NSCEP at:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP)

P.O. Box 42419

Cincinnati, OH 45242

Telephone: (800) 490-9198

FAX: (513) 489-8695 

The list contains 183 unique entries. Because many items fit into more than one subject area,

there is duplication in the list below. 

1

Listings in the bibliography are not necessarily endorsed by EPA, rather they reflect available

materials on an array of source water related subjects.
KEY TERMS 

The bibliography may be queried by phrases including these key terms: 

Wellhead Protection Guidelines

Wellhead Protection Area Delineation

SSA Designation

Sole Source Aquifer Designation

Implementing Wellhead Protection

Wellhead Protection Examples

Funding Wellhead Protection

Source Water Assessment Program

Source Water Assessments

Funding Source Water Assessments

Public Participation

Enhances State Assessment

Source Water Protection Guidelines

Implementing Source Water Protection

Source Water Protection Examples

Source Water Protection Benefits

Funding Source Water Protection

Program Status

Education and Training Materials

Underground Injection Control Regulations

Media Information on Source Water Protection

Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration

Watersheds and Source Water Protection

Other EPA Programs and Source Water Protection

2

To search on the key word topics (or any terms in the bibliography), use the Acrobat Reader

"Find" function found under the menu Edit > Find, or by typing [CTRL]-F. Any word in the

bibliography document is searchable in this manner; however, the assigned key terms reflect 

the most relevant topics addressed in each item. 
SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT 

Includes the following topics: Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water 

Assessments, Enhances State Assessment 

Technical Materials 

Technical Assistance Document (TAD) for Delineating "Other Sensitive Ground 

Water Areas". Program Guide. 2000. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 

EPA 816-R-00-016; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/tad_sensitive_gw.pdf. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, 

States, Tribes. Topics covered: Source Water Assessments. 

This TAD provides State and Regional Underground Injection Control programs 

with guidance on how to identify and delineate "other sensitive ground water 

areas" (OSGWAs). Exercising the option to identify and incorporate these 

OSGWAs can be of great benefit in targeting a State's resources and 

strengthening the overall approach to comprehensive drinking water source 

protection. 

Source Water Assessment Using Geographic Information Systems . Guide. 2000. 

Office of Research and Development, EPA 600-R-00-067; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/wswrd/gis.htm. Audience: 

Local Officials, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered:

Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments.

This document provides guidance to states, municipalities, and public water 

utilities for assessing source waters using geographic information system (GIS) 

technology. The GIS platforms can be used to organize, analyze, and manipulate 

available data and generate new data for source water protection areas, as well as 

provide capabilities for presenting the data to the public in various forms, 

including maps and tables. Included as appendices to this document are three case 

studies demonstrating the use of selected GIS-based software and hydrologic 

models to conduct hypothetical source water evaluations. 

Delineation of Source Water Protection Areas: A Discussion for Managers; Part I, 

A Conjunctive Approach for Ground Water and Surface Water. Program Guide. 

1997. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-97-012; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, Water 

Suppliers, EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Area Delineation,

Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments. 

This document provides combined ground-and-surface water delineation 

approaches to assist states in determining the areas that should be assessed, in 

order to include those areas that need heightened management of contaminant 

sources. The first part of this document presents protection area boundary 

3
delineation approaches and methods, while the second part presents case studies 

demonstrating the developments of Source Water Protection Areas, extended 

Source Water Protection Areas and Source Water Protection Area segments in the 

Nanticoke-Blackwater Basins in Maryland and Delaware. 

Drinking Water Contaminant Source Index. Guide. 1998. Office of Ground Water 

and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/intro4.html. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

General Public, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments, Contamination Sources. 

EPA has compiled a drinking water contaminant source index which identifies 

activities that may use, produce, or release the substances listed as national 

primary drinking water standards and secondary drinking water standards, as well 

as Cryptosporidium. The two-part index contains both a Drinking Water 

Contaminant Index, which links contaminants with potential sources, and a 

Potential Source Index, which provides and alphabetical list of sources and the 

contaminants that are likely to be associated with, generated by, disposed of, or 

stored at that source. 

Source Water Protection: A Training Manual for Communities in Nicaragua. 

Guide. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/tmcn.pdf. Audience: Local 

Officials, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States. Topics covered: Source Water 

Assessment Program, Source Water Protection Guidelines, Implementing Source Water 

Protection, Education and Training Materials. 

This manual was used in several training sessions in Nicaragua to assist 

communities in the development of their Source Water Protection (SWP) 

Programs. This document is based on the United States Source Water Protection 

Program, but in this manual, that program is significantly modified to be useful in 

Nicaragua, and likely other countries in Central America. The major topics in the 

document are: water quality and community health, benefits from Source Water 

Protection, delineation of Source Water Protection areas, developing a community 

source water management plan, public participation, case studies, and innovative 

and alternative technologies. 

Federal Index of Information Relevant to Source Water Assessment and Protection. 

Guide. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/feddata.html. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, 

Tribes. Topics covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Protection 

Guidelines, Implementing Source Water Protection, Source Water Protection Examples, 

Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

4
This Federal Agency Data Index provides access to information relevant to source 

water assessment and protection efforts from the Departments of Agriculture, 

Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and Human Services, Interior, 

Transportation, EPA, FEMA, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S.PS, and 

Farm*A*Syst*Home*A*Syst. 

Volunteer Stream Monitoring: A Methods Manual. Guide. 1997. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 841-B-97-003; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.go v/volunteer/stream/stream.pdf. Audience: Local Officials. Topics 

covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This document describes the role of state volunteer monitoring programs and 

discusses how managers can best organize, implement, and maintain volunteer 

programs. This manual builds on the concepts discussed in the guide for state 

managers and applies them directly to streams and rivers. 

Delineation of Source-Water Protection Areas in Karst Aquifers of the Ridge and 

Valley and Appalachian Plateaus Physiologic Provinces: Rules of Thumb for 

Estimating the Capture Zones of Springs and Wells. Guide. 2002. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-02-015; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: NSCEP*; http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/pdfs/karstaquifers.pdf. Audience: 

Local Officials, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States. Topics covered: Wellhead 

Protection Area Delineation, Source Water Assessments. 

Using low-cost rules of thumb (RT) approaches which may be utilized by groundwater technical personnel, this document helps to delineate the approximate 

capture zones for springs and public water-supply wells in Karst aquifers in areas 

of the Appalachian Mountains. These RT approaches may be more accurate than 

fixed-radius approaches and EPA urges Appalachian states to consider using them 

in their source-water assessments. 

State Methods for Delineating Source Water Protection Areas for Surface Water 

Supplied Sources of Drink ing Water. Guide. 1997. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-97-008; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Wellhead Protection Area Delineation, Source Water Assessments. 

The EPA State Source Water Assessment and Protection Programs Guidance lays 

out the information that states need to provide about their program before 

approval, public participation requirements, and funding available through the 

1997 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. States will need to tap into expertise 

and information available from many sources to do the assessments. The guidance 

provides information on EPA, state, and other federal programs that relate to 

source water. 

5
Outreach Materials 

"Ground Water in the Plains, Canyonlands, and Mountains" article for Natural 

News . Article. 2001. EPA Region 8, EPA 908-R-01-012; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/region08/community_resources/steward/estnatural/nnewsfall01.PDF. 

Audience: Local Officials, General Public, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. National Park 

Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Air Force, U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, OSM, U.S. 

Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: Source Water 

Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments, Implementing Source Water 

Protection, Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking 

Water Act Integration. 

Update on the status of a summary of the status of groundwater in the states of 

Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming, written by 

the Source Water/Ground Water Unit in EPA Region 8. 

Protecting Drinking Water: Workbook for Tribes. Program Guide. 2000. WEF, # 

5065; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.watered.org/specialprojects.asp#tribalbook. Audience: Tribes. Topics covered: Source Water 

Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments, Source Water Protection Guidelines, 

Implementing Source Water Protection, Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, 

Education and Training Materials. 

This publication includes background information on the importance of protecting 

source water surface water and groundwater from pollution and includes a stepby-step workplan for Tribes interested in developing a protection plan for their 

drinking water. The workbook is designed to serve as a template for such 

programs, with forms and tables for photocopying. It also offers a simplified 

approach for assessment and protection that focuses on identifying and managing 

immediate contamination threats. 

Overview to Watershed Assessment: Tools for Local Stakeholders . Guide. 2001. 

U.S. EPA, Office of Water Management, EPA 832-B-01-004; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/watershed-assessment/tocont.pdf. Audience: 

Local Officials, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes, Federal Agencies. Topics covered:

Source Water Assessment Program, Watersheds and Source Water Protection.

This set of guidelines was designed to assist local stakeholders in conducting 

watershed assessments and in preparing watershed management plans by 

providing recommendations to the EPA on regulatory and non regulatory options 

for control of wet weather discharges in a flexible, cost-effective manner, 

consistent with the Clean Water Act. This document reflects the work of the 

Urban Wet Weather Flows Federal Advisory Committee and is made available by 

6
the EPA’s Office of Wastewater Management to assist the user community in 

implementing wet weather control regulations and policies. 

A Guide to Federal Environmental Requirements for Small Governments. Report. 

1993. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 270-K-93-001; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. 

Audience: Local Officials, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Guidelines, Source Water Assessment Program, Public Participation, Source Water 

Protection Guidelines, Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground 

Injection Control Regulations. 

This document was produced by the EPA Office of Regional Operations and 

State/Local Relations. It is a reference handbook intended to help local officials 

become familiar with EPA requirements that may apply to their jurisdictions. 

An Introduction to Drinking Water Source Assessment and Protection: Workshop 

Guide and Participant Materials. Guide. 1999. GWF; EPA Developed/Funded: No. 

Available at: http://www.groundwater.org/SWAP/SWAP_title_page.htm. Audience: 

Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Source 

Water Assessment Program, Source Water Protection Guidelines, Education and Training 

Materials. 

These online materials are both for the presenters and participants of the "An 

Introduction to Drinking Water Source Assessment and Protection" Workshop. 

The workshop guide can be used to educate community members about: 

Requirements of the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments; How states 

develop plans for source water assessment and what to look for in those plans; 

and how community members can get involved in the source water assessment 

and protection process on the local level. 

Consider the Source: A Pocket Guide to Protecting Your Drinking Water: Drinking 

Water Pocket Guide #3. Guide. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 

EPA 816-K-02-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Source Water Assessment 

Program, Funding Source Water Assessment, Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Funding Source Water Protection. 

The Guide is third in a series of pocket-sized outreach and assistance publications 

from EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) designed to 

heighten public awareness of the importance of protecting source waters used for 

drinking water. The guide includes steps towards source water protection 

awareness, and discusses Safe Drinking Water Act history, vocabulary, 

regulations, and available tools, contacts, and resources. It briefly discusses 

Underground Injection Control and Best Management Practice issues related to 

the Safe Drinking Water Act and Source Water Assessment and Protection 

Program. 

7
Source Water Assessment and Protection Program. Web page. 2003. EPA Region 8 

Source Water/Ground Water Team; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/region8/water/swap/. Audience: General Public, States, Tribes. 

Topics covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Protection 

Guidelines. 

The EPA Region 8 gateway web page for the source water assessment and 

protection programs (SWAP) contains an overview of SWAP information and 

links relevant topics and on-line documents. 

Community Involvement in Drinking Water Source Assessments. Fact Sheet. 2000. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-00-025; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Source Water Assessments, 

Public Participation, Enhances State Assessment. 

This fact sheet explains the four steps of source water assessments and how 

communities can utilize assessment information to protect their local sources of 

drinking water. 

Drinking Water Quality in Indian Country: Protecting Your Sources. Fact Sheet. 

2000. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-00-005; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/tribe/fact.pdf. Audience: Tribes. Topics covered: 

Source Water Assessments, Implementing Source Water Protection. 

The fact sheet discusses ways Tribal water supply operators can protect drinking 

water sources, including source assessment and post-assessment steps. Outlines 

threats to drinking water and solutions. Includes a list of resources for tribes. 

Programmatic Guidance 

State Source Water Assessment and Protection Program Final Guidance. Program 

Guide. 1997. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-97-009; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP* and 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/swappg.html. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

General Public, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments, Source Water Protection 

Guidelines. 

The guidance addresses the law's requirement that States identify the areas that 

are sources of public drinking water, assess water systems' susceptibility to 

contamination, and inform the public of the results. 

EPA Memo on Disclosure of Locational Information in CCRs and Source Water 

Assessments: "Sensitive Data in Consumer Confidence Reports and Source Water 

8
Assessments". Guide. 2001. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/sensitivedwdata.html. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, 

States. Topics covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments. 

Memo to water management division directors in all regions encouraging states 

and PWSs to protect drinking water supplies through all appropriate means. CCR 

and source water assessment to remain available to the public. Outlines the 

balance between security of PWSs and public information regarding Source 

Water Protection. 

Source Water Information in Consumer Confidence Reports - EPA Guidance: State 

Implementation Guidance for the CCR Rule. Web page. 2001. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-99-088; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/ccrappx.pdf. Audience: Water Suppliers, 

States. Topics covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Security. 

This document provides guidance for States on implementation of the CCR rule, 

information on Source Water Assessment Programs (SWAPs) and Susceptibility 

Determinations, and provides more detailed information on State SWAP 

programs, wellhead protection programs and other source water information 

resources. 

SOURCE WATER PROTECTION 

Includes the following topics: Source Water Protection Guidelines , Implementing 

Source Water Protection Source Water Protection Examples , Promoting Source Water 

Protection Benefits 

Technical Materials 

Training Materials on Source Water Protection BMP Practices. Web page. 2002. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwa/electronic/ematerials.html#SWP; 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/swpbull.html. Audience: Business, Local 

Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics 

covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Promotes Source Water Protection 

Benefits, Best Management Practices, Education and Training Materials, Explains 

Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

Many of EPA's source water protection training materials are available for 

download at these web sites. EPA has developed training ma terials on best 

management practices (BMPs) and other measures for protecting drinking water 

supplies. The materials are divided into two parts: a training module in Microsoft 

PowerPoint format at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwa/electronic.html and a 

9
series of more detailed source water protection "practices bulletins" by specific 

potential contaminant sources. 

Source Water Protection: A Training Manual for Communities in Nicaragua. 

Guide. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/F unded: 

Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/tmcn.pdf. Audience: Local 

Officials, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States. Topics covered: Source Water 

Assessment Program, Source Water Protection Guidelines, Implementing Source Water 

Protection, Education and Training Materials. 

This manual was used in several training sessions in Nicaragua to assist 

communities in the development of their Source Water Protection (SWP) 

Programs. This document is based on the United States Source Water Protection 

Program, but in this manual, that program is significantly modified to be useful in 

Nicaragua, and likely other countries in Central America. The major topics in the 

document are: water quality and community health, benefits from Source Water 

Protection, delineation of Source Water Protection areas, developing a 

community source water management plan, public participation, case studies, and 

innovative and alternative technologies. 

Introduction to EPA's Drinking Water Source Protection Progra ms. Web page. 

2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwa/electronic/presentations/swp/swp.pdf. 

Audience: Local Officials, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics 

covered: Source Water Protection Guidelines. 

This EPA Drinking Water Academy module provides an overview of one aspect 

of drinking water programs with a very strong connection to watershed 

management: the protection of potential groundwater and surface water sources 

for potable water supplies. In particular the module emphasizes state and local 

protection for source water areas and describes how these relate to the Safe 

Drinking Water Act and the Clean Water Act. 

Federal Index of Information Relevant to Source Water Assessment and Protection. 

Guide. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/feddata.html. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, 

Tribes. Topics covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Protection 

Guidelines, Implementing Source Water Protection, Source Water Protection Examples, 

Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

This Federal Agency Data Index provides access to information relevant to source 

water assessment and protection efforts from the Departments of Agriculture, 

Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and Human Services, Interior, 

10
Transportation, EPA, FEMA, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S.PS, and 

Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst. 

Preliminary Data Summary: Airport Deicing Operations (Revised). Report. 2000. 

U.S. EPA, EPA 821-R-00-016; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/guide/airport/index.html. Audience: Airports. Topics 

covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Contamination Sources, Watersheds 

and Source Water Protection. 

Provides information about the air transportation industry and best practices being 

employed for aircraft and airfield deicing operations along with information about 

the collection, containment, recovery, and treatment of wastewaters containing 

deicing agents. 

Protecting Water Quality in Urban Areas: Best Management Practices for Dealing 

with Storm Water Runoff. Guide. 2000. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: http://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/pubs/swbmpmanual.html. Audience: Local Officials, General Public. Topics covered: 

Implementing Source Water Protection, Best Management Practices, Watersheds and 

Source Water Protection. 

This manual is designed to help local government officials, urban planners, 

developers and citizens become aware of urban nonpoint pollution problems and 

to provide detailed information about management practices to help prevent and 

control nonpoint pollution. 

Urban Best Management Practices for Nonpoint Source Pollution. Guide. 1999. 

Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality; EPA Developed/Funded: No. 

Available at: http://deq.state.wy.us/wqd/watershed/92171.pdf. Audience: Industry, Local 

Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best 

Management Practices, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This "Best Management Practices" document is designed to provide a series of 

conservation practices. This document can be used as a guide for municipalities, 

private individuals and industries who are conducting day to day management 

activities in urban or suburban situations. When selected and applied properly, 

these urban best management practices (BMPs) will result in maintaining the 

existing beneficial uses of water resources and reducing adverse effects and water 

quality degradation. 

Storm Water Fact Sheet: Non-Storm Water Discharges to Storm Sewers . Fact 

Sheet. 1999. U.S. EPA, EPA 832-F-99-022; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/nonstorm.pdf. Audience: Industry. Topics covered: 

Implementing Source Water Protection, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

11
Programs to identify and eliminate non-storm water discharges to storm sewers 

are an important and very cost-effective Best Management Practices for 

improving runoff water quality. The fact sheet discusses the applicability, 

advantages and disadvantages, key components, implementation and costs of 

these programs. A list of references and additional sources of information is 

provided. 

Combined Sewer Overflow Management Fact Sheet: Pollution Prevention. Fact 

Sheet. 1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 832-F-99-038; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/pollutna.pdf. 

Audience: Local Officials. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best 

Management Practices, Contamination Sources, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

Pollution Prevention Best Management Practices can reduce both the volume of 

pollutants entering a Combined Sewer System (CCS) and the number of 

Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) that occur during storm water runoff events. 

Specific Best Management PracticeS discussed are: waste reduction and 

recycling, commercial/Industrial pollution prevention, street cleaning, catch basin 

maintenance, water conservation, fertilizer and pesticide control, and erosion and 

sediment control at construction sites. 

Collection Systems O&M Fact Sheet: Proper Operation and Maintenance. Fact 

Sheet. 1999. U.S. EPA, EPA 832-F-99-031; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/sewcl.pdf. Audience: Local Officials. Topics covered: 

Implementing Source Water Protection. 

The fact sheet examines common sewer cleaning methods and discusses their 

applicability, advantages and disadvantages, performance, and costs. A list of 

references and additional sources of information are included. 

Volunteer Stream Monitoring: A Methods Manual. Guide. 1997. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 841-B-97-003; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/volunteer/stream/stream.pdf. Audience: Local Officials. Topics 

covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This document describes the role of volunteer monitoring state programs and 

discusses how managers can best organize, implement, and maintain volunteer 

programs. This manual builds on the concepts discussed in the guide for state 

managers and applies them directly to streams and rivers. 

Watershed Protection Techniques: A Quarterly Bulletin on Urban Watershed 

Restoration and the Protection Tools. Article. 1994. EPA/Center for Watershed 

Protection; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/wpt/vol1no2.html. Audience: General Public, U.S. EPA 

12
Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This quarterly bulletin includes features on stormwater runoff quality, urban best 

management practices, wetland creation and restoration, and wetland research. 

The bulletin also describes available resources for protecting watersheds. 

Xeriscape Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources Wisely. 

Brochure. 1993. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 840-B-93-001; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. 

Audience: Homeowners, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water 

Protection, Best Management Practices, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This booklet describes xeriscaping and its many benefits, cites some successful 

examples, and provides a short bibliography. Xeriscaping saves water, prevents 

pollution, and protects the environment by employing designs and plants suited to 

the locale. 

"Septic Systems: Operation and Maintenance of On-site Sewage Disposal Systems" 

in Land and Water: Conserving Natural Resources in Illinois. Article. 1989. Bicki, 

T.J. and D.G. Peterson; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://hermes.ecn.purdue.edu/cgi/convwqtest?lw-15.il.ascii. Audience: Homeowners. 

Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Contamination Sources, 

Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

This article outlines proper operation and maintenance for on-site sewage disposal 

systems to ensure system longevity and to protect ground water and surface 

water. The document describes septic tank/soil absorption systems, types of 

absorption fields, and alternative systems. 

Buffer Protection and Management Ordinance, Baltimore County, MD. Regulation. 

No date. Baltimore County Environmental Protection and Resource Management; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/documents/A2a-Baltimore.pdf. Audience: 

Local Officials. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best 

Management Practices, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This ordinance notice details the criteria required of the vegetated buffer strips in 

Baltimore County in forested, residential, and industrial areas. 

Model Ordinances to Protect Local Resources: Storm Water Control Operation and 

Maintenance. Article. No date. U.S. EPA Office of Water; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/stormwater.htm. Audience: 

13
Local Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This web page includes model ordinance language, which focuses primarily on 

the maintenance of stormwater best management practices. Additionally, the site 

provides elements of design, routine maintenance, and inspections. 

Model Ordinances to Protect Local Resources: Links. Web page. No date. U.S. EPA 

Office of Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/links.htm. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection. 

This web page provides links to helpful resources and other real-life example 

ordinances to reference. 

Model Ordinances to Protect Local Resources. Web page. No date. EPA/Center for 

Watershed Protection; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/index.htm. Audience: Local Officials. Topics 

covered: Implementing Source Water Protection. 

This web page provides information for local governments to develop effective 

resource protection ordinances. The site provides model ordinances to use as a 

template. For each model ordinance listed, several real-life examples of 

ordinances and support materials (such as maintenance agreements and inspection 

checklists) are included. 

Pesticide Characteristics that Affect Water Quality. Article. No date. Texas A&M, 

Texas Agricultural Extension Service; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://insects.tamu.edu/extension/bulletins/water/water_01.html. Audience: Farmers, 

General Public. Topics covered: Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, 

Contamination Sources, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This publication outlines and explains several factors to consider when assessing 

a pesticide's potential for affecting water quality. 

Water Quality and Agriculture Status, Conditions, and Trends . Report. No date. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/land/pubs/wq.pdf. Audience: Farmers. Topics 

covered: Source Water Protection Guidelines, Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This publication documents the national and regional status of and trends in water 

quality from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. It sets the stage for subsequent 

analysis of projected resource conditions under alternative social, economic, and 

environmental policies. 

14
Outreach Materials 

Source Water Assessment and Protection Program. Web page. 2003. EPA Region 8 

Source Water/GW Team; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/region8/water/swap/. Audience: General Public, States, Tribes. 

Topics covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Protection Guidelines. 

The EPA Region 8 gateway web page for the source water assessment and 

protection programs (SWAP) contains an overview of SWAP information and 

links relevant topics and on-line documents. 

Case Studies of Local Source Water Protection Programs: 22 Studies Available. 

Case Study. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/casesty/casestudy.html. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: Source Water Protection Examples.

Examples of effective local Source Water Protection programs. Case studies span 

varying community sizes, locations, and sources of drinking water. Scroll down 

menu provides means of selection. 

Consider the Source: A Pocket Guide to Protecting Your Drinking Water: Drinking 

Water Pocket Guide #3. Guide. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 

EPA 816-K-02-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Source Water Assessment 

Program, Funding Source Water Assessment, Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Funding Source Water Protection. 

The Guide is third in a series of pocket-sized outreach and assistance publications 

from EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) designed to 

heighten public awareness of the importance of protecting source waters used for 

drinking water. The guide includes steps towards source water protection 

awareness, and discusses Safe Drinking Water Act history, vocabulary, 

regulations, and available tools, contacts, and resources. It briefly discusses 

Underground Injection Control and Best Management Practice issues related to 

the Safe Drinking Water Act and Source Water Assessment and Protection 

Program. 

Protect Your Family. Test Your Well's Water Quality Today. A Guide to Water 

Quality Testing for Private Wells (New Hampshire specific and Massachusetts 

specific versions). Brochure. 2002. EPA New England / NH DES ; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.state.ma.us/dep/brp/dws/files/mapwell2.pdf. Audience: General Public. 

Topics covered: Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, Education and Training 

Materials. 

15
This pamphlet provides an overview on the importance of, how, and when of 

private well testing, including recommended tests and contacts information. 

"Ground Water in the Plains, Canyonlands, and Mountains" article for Natural 

News . Article. 2001. EPA Region 8, EPA 908-R-01-012; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/region08/community_resources/steward/estnatural/nnewsfall01.PDF. 

Audience: Local Officials, General Public, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. National Park 

Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Air Force, U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, OSM, U.S. 

Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: Source Water 

Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments, Implementing Source Water 

Protection, Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking 

Water Act Integration. 

Update on the status of a summary of the status of groundwater in the states of 

Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming, written by 

the Source Water/Ground Water Unit in EPA Region 8. 

Plaistow NH Source Water Protection Plan. Report. 2001. NRWA; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/plaistow.html. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, Water Suppliers, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Source Water Protection Examples. 

Plaistow, New Hampshire is implementing an Area-wide Source Water Protection 

Plan, prepared by their Committee with the assistance of the Northeast Rural 

Water Association. The plan encompasses 51 PWSs within the town's boundaries, 

all of which draw their drinking water from ground water sources. These include 

larger community water supplies (19) as well as smaller transient systems. In 

addition, many Plaistow residents are served by private wells. The plan identifies 

and outlines a structured approach to managing potential sources of contamination 

and threatening activities that occur within the Source Water Protection area. 

Drinking Water Protection Begins at Home . Fact Sheet. 2000. Farm*A*Syst; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.uwex.edu/farmasyst/products/nationgw.pdf. Audience: Homeowners, 

General Public, U.S. EPA Regions. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water 

Protection. 

English and Spanish versions of a pamphlet reviewing threats to drinking water 

sources and household tips to drinking water pollution prevention. 

Drinking Water Quality in Indian Country: Protecting Your Sources. Fact Sheet. 

2000. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-00-005; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

16
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/tribe/fact.pdf. Audience: Tribes. Topics covered: 

Source Water Assessments, Implementing Source Water Protection. 

The fact sheet discusses ways Tribal water supply operators can protect drinking 

water sources, including source assessment and post-assessment steps. Outlines 

threats to drinking water and solutions. Includes a list of resources for tribes. 

MTBE Farm*A*Syst Brochure: Drinking Water and MTBE: A Guide for Private 

Well Owners . Brochure. 2000. EPA/ Farm*A*Syst; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.uwex.edu/farmandhome/wqpaap/pdf/mtbe.pdf. Audience: 

Farmers, Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: 

Implementing Wellhead Protection, Implementing Source Water Protection, Education 

and Training Materials. 

This brochure provides private well owners with basic information about the 

gasoline additive chemical methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), including how to 

assess your household’s exposure risk (checklist) and what to do if you have 

MTBE contamination, and how to protect your drinking water from potential 

MTBE pollution. 

Protecting Drinking Water: County Partnerships that Work. Report. 2000. NACo; 

EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=technical_assistance&tem 

plate=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=4742. Audience: Local 

Officials, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Source Water Protection Examples, Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits. 

Profiles of counties working through watershed protection partne rships and 

agreements to protect their drinking water. 

Protecting Drinking Water: Workbook for Tribes. Program Guide. 2000. WEF, # 

5065; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.watered.org/specialprojects.asp#tribalbook. Audience: Tribes. Topics covered: Source Water 

Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments, Source Water Protection Guidelines, 

Implementing Source Water Protection, Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, 

Education and Training Materials. 

This publication includes background information on the importance of protecting 

surface water and groundwater source water from pollution and includes a stepby-step workplan for Tribes interested in developing a protection plan for their 

drinking water. The workbook is designed to serve as a template for such 

programs, with forms and tables for photocopying. It also offers a simplified 

approach for assessment and protection that focuses on identifying and managing 

immediate contamination threats. 

17
Source Protection: A National Guidance Manual for Surface Water Supplies. 

Guide. 2000. NEIWPCC; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.neiwpcc.org/sp.html. Audience: Local Officials, Water Suppliers, States, 

Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection. 

The manual includes new Safe Drinking Water Act requirements, information on 

microbial and disinfection rules, case studies from across the country, new 

funding and implementation assistance information, and an expanded chapter on 

source protection, planning, and implementation. 

A Small Town Source Water Primer. Guide. 1999. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water/ NCSC; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.lgean.org/html/whatsnew.cfm?id=58. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: Source Water Protection Guidelines. 

This guide provides information on protecting drinking water supplies, including 

information on how the 1996 amendments to the federal Safe Drinking Water Act 

(SDWA) affect this protection effort. The guide details the role of local elected 

and appointed officials in maintaining safe drinking water supplies, explains how 

to gain public support for source water protection, and examines the newlyrequired state source water assessment programs. 

An Introduction to Drinking Water Source Assessment and Protection: Workshop 

Guide and Participant Materials. Guide. 1999. GWF; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.groundwater.org/SWAP/SWAP_title_page.htm. Audience: 

Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Source 

Water Assessment Program, Source Water Protection Guidelines, Education and Training 

Materials. 

These online materials are both for the presenters and participants of the "An 

Introduction to Drinking Water Source Assessment and Protection" Workshop. 

The workshop guide can be used to educate community members about: 

requirements of the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments; how states 

develop plans for source water assessment and what to look for in those plans; 

and how community members can get involved in the source water assessment 

and protection process on the local level. 

Protecting Sources of Drinking Water: Selected Case Studies in Watershed 

Management. Case Study. 1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 

816-R-98-019; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/swpcases.pdf. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water 

Protection, Source Water Protection Examples, Assess Program Status, Watersheds and 

Source Water Protection. 

18
This document presents case studies of 17 drinking water systems committed to 

extensive efforts to incorporate source water ma nagement and protection as an 

integral part of their business of providing safe drinking water to their customers. 

The authors provide snapshots of lessons learned in implementing four aspects of 

source water protection: partnerships, watershed assessment, watershed land use 

management, and land acquisition. 

Safe Drinking Water Act, Section 1429: Ground Water Report to Congress. Report. 

1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA-816-R-99-016; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*; 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/gwr/finalgw.pdf. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States. 

Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Assess Program Status. 

This report reviews the status and effectiveness of state ground water programs 

and examines our nation’s approach to protecting ground water. This report 

presents the findings that EPA has developed in consultation with a work group of 

state ground water managers, the Ground Water Protection Council, the 

Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators, and 

the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators regarding how our federal 

and state ground water protection programs can more effectively prevent ground 

water contamination problems in the future. 

The Consequences of Urban Storm Water Pollution. Guide. 1999. Natural 

Resources Defense Council. Storm Water Strategies; EPA Developed/Funded: No. 

Available at: http://www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/storm/chap3.asp. Audience: Local 

Officials, General Public, Topics covered: Source Water Protection Guidelines, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

The stormwater case studies collected in this report describe and evaluate actually 

implemented stormwater control projects and programs from across the United 

States. All the case studies are, in at least some major way, successful. They show 

on a practical level that stormwater management works -- that municipalities in all 

regions of our country have implemented environmentally effective, economically 

advantageous, and politically feasible stormwater pollution measures. Chapter 

three reviews the environmental, economic, and community impacts of urban 

stormwater pollution. 

Source Water 2000 - National Center for Small Communities. Report. 1998. NCSC; 

EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.natat.org/ncsc/Pubs/Source%20Water/source_water_2000.htm. Audience: 

Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: Implementing Source 

Water Protection. 

This resource guide for local leaders discusses source water assessment 

procedures; the role that both local government and citizen groups play in water 

quality protection and funding initiatives; and the process through which a typical 

19
rural water system collects, treats and distributes drinking water. The guide 

concludes with a summary of additional programs and strategies that will help 

increase public, private and community involvement in the planning and 

development of effective local source water protection efforts. 

Water On Tap: A Consumer's Guide to the Nation's Drinking Water. Report. 1997. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA B15-K-97-002; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/wot/wot.html. 

Audience: General Public. Topics covered: Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, 

Education and Training Materials. 

This booklet provides answers to many questions (including: how safe is my 

drinking water? where does my drinking water come from, and how does it get to 

my home? what can I do to protect my drinking water?). It describes changes in 

the Safe Drinking Water Act that will make new information available to 

consumers in the near future. This booklet also describes more detailed sources of 

information to help citizens become active participants in ensuring the quality of 

their drinking water. 

Source Water Protection: Protecting Drinking Water Across the Nation. Report. 

1995. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-F-95-005; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, Tribes. Topics covered: Source Water Protection Guidelines, Source Water 

Protection Examples, Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits. 

This report expands the concept of wellhead protection to include surface water 

sources of drinking water. Source water protection is a community-based 

approach to protecting sources of drinking water from contamination. The 

document addresses the three R's of the program: restore the public's right and 

responsibility to protect their drinking water, raise public confidence in their 

drinking water supply, and reduce the costs of providing safe drinking water. 

The Clean Water State Revolving Fund: Financing America's Environmental 

Infrastructure -- A Report of Progress. Report. 1995. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 832-R-95-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NTIS. 

Audience: Local Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Implementing Source Water Protection, Funding Source Water Protection, Assess 

Program Status, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This report provides information on the accomplishments of the national Clean 

Water State Revolving Fund (SRF) program, the level of federal and state 

investment, how the program works, how communities benefit from the program, 

and the types of projects funded. The SRF was established under a mandate in the 

1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act. Under this innovative program, states 

created revolving loan funds to provide independent and permanent sources of 

20
low-cost financing for a range of environmental infrastructure projects. By 1995, 

all fifty states and Puerto Rico had set up SRF programs. 

A Guide to Federal Environmental Requirements for Small Governments. Report. 

1993. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 270-K-93-001; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. 

Audience: Local Officials, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Guidelines, Source Water Assessment Program, Public Participation, Source Water 

Protection Guidelines, Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground 

Injection Control Regulations. 

This document was produced by the EPA Office Of Regional Operations and 

State/Local Relations. It is a reference handbook intended to help local officials 

become familiar with EPA requirements that may apply to their jurisdictions. 

Nonpoint Source Pollution - Runoff of Rain and Snowmelt, Our Biggest Water 

Quality Problem. Article. 1991. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 

841-N-91-100; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: U.S. EPA History Office -

2822T 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 (202) 566-1472. 

Audience: Teachers, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water 

Protection, Watersheds and Source Water Protection, U.S. National Park Service 

Program. 

This article, from the EPA Journal (Nov./Dec. 1991. Vol. 17, no. 5), extensively 

covers the nonpoint source pollution issues. Included in the article are topics 

ranging from the problems to actions that individuals can take around the home. 

Crosscurrents: The Water We Drink. Report. 1989. LWV; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: $4.95 from: League of Women Voters, 1730 M Street NW, 

Washington, DC 20036 (202) 429-1965. Audience: General Public. Topics covered: 

Implementing Source Water Protection, Education and Training Materials. 

This document details the results of surveys from nearly 600 local water utility 

officials and 49 state drinking water administrators. The survey asked state 

drinking water administrators and local water utility officials to gauge the impact 

of the 1986 Safe Drinking Water Act amendments. Ninety-eight percent of local 

utility respondents reported trihalomethane levels below the then-current EPA 

standards. However, 25% of those utilities exceeded more stringent standards 

expected to be imposed in the future. One-third of local utilities felt that current 

rate structures were inadequate to fund needed capital improvements needed. 

Backyard Conservation: Bringing Conservation from the Countryside to your 

Backyard. Fact Sheet. No date. U.S. Department of Agriculture; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/feature/backyard/. 

Audience: Homeowners, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water 

21
Protection, Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, Education and Training 

Materials, Conservation. 

This Natural Resources Conservation Service program shows you how 

conservation practices that are used on agricultural land across the country to 

conserve and improve natural resources can be adapted for use on the land around 

your home. Ten conservation practices have been scaled down into tip sheets 

offering "how to" steps and helpful hints for homeowners and city residents to use 

in their yards. 

Drinking Water Pollution Prevention and Public Health: A Matrix for Disease 

Prevention and Environmental Protection. Fact Sheet. No date. National Association 

of County and City Health Officials, 742-F-97-004; EPA Developed/Funded: No. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/library/pdfs/drinkwaterpublichealth.pdf. 

Audience: Local Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Promotes Source Water 

Protection Benefits. 

This fact sheet helps local health officials understand how environmental factors 

affect health. It also provides strategies for protecting public health and the 

environment by safeguarding the nation's water supply. This fact sheet clarifies 

the relationship between pollution prevention, drinking water, and public health. 

Newsletter - Notes from Underground. Article. No date. EPA Region 9; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/underground/notes/. Audience: Local Officials, 

General Public, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Guidelines, SSA Designation, Wellhead Protection Examples, Source Water Protection 

Guidelines, Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control 

Regulations. 

This newsletter is published by EPA Region 9's Ground Water Office. Its purpose 

is to bring information about source water protection, underground injection 

control, and related compliance and public water supply issues to injection well 

operators, the public water supply industry, other regulators, and the general 

public. 

Non-Point Pollution Prevention--Homeowner. Guide. No date. South Jersey 

Resource Conservation and Development Council; EPA Developed/Funded: No. 

Available at: http://www.sjrcd.org/ce/erosion3.htm. Audience: Homeowners, General 

Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Watersheds and Source 

Water Protection. 

These management measures are intended to prevent and reduce nonpoint source 

pollutant loadings generated from a variety of activities within urban areas and 

not addressed by other management measures. The document describes everyday 

22
activities that have the potential to contribute to nonpoint source pollutant 

loadings. 

Poison in the Grass: The Hazards and Consequences of Lawn Pesticides. Report. 

No date. Toxic Alert; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.eisc.ca/poison_in_the_grass.htm. Audience: Homeowners, General Public, 

Topics covered: Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, Contamination Sources, 

Education and Training Materials. 

This document reports facts about the use of lawn chemicals and pesticides. It 

addressed questions about safety hazards and environmental consequences. 

Pollution Prevention Fact Sheet: Animal Waste Collection. Fact Sheet. No date. The 

Center for Watershed Protection, Storm Water Manager's Resource Center; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/polk/water/learning/petwaste.pdf. Audience: 

Homeowners, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Best Management Practices, Education and Training Materials, Watersheds and Source 

Water Protection. 

This fact sheet pinpoints animal waste collection as a pollution source. The 

presence of pet waste in stormwater runoff has a number of implications for urban 

stream water quality (especially, with regard to fecal bacteria. Control of this 

waste involves a combination of educational outreach and enforcement practices 

to encourage residents to clean up after their pets. 

Steps for Maintaining Healthy Lawns and Quality Waters . Web page. No date. 

University of Wisconsin Extension; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://clean-water.uwex.edu/pubs/stewards/Y001.pdf. Audience: Homeowners. Topics 

covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

This fact sheet for yard care activities addresses methods for preventing pollution 

impacts on the quality of nearby lake waters. 

Tapping Your Own Resources: A Decision-Maker's Guide for Small Town Drinking 

Water. Guide. No date. National Center for Small Communities; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.natat.org/ncsc/Pubs/Environment2.htm. Audience: Local Officials. 

Topics covered: Public Participation, Source Water Protection Guidelines, Implementing 

Source Water Protection, Education and Training Materials. 

This guide is intended for small system owners and managers who are seeking to 

understand the flexibility available under the Safe Drinking Water Act 

amendments. The focus is on decision-making, not technology; delegation of 

responsibilities, not operational details; and reliance on self-help and technical 

23
assistance initiatives before seeking outside funding for managing systems that 

can continue to supply safe, affordable drinking water for most small and rural 

communities. 

Programmatic Guidance 

National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from 

Agriculture . Guide. 2000. North Carolina State University Water Quality Group ; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/agmm/. Audience: 

Farmers, Local Officials, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Source Water Protection 

Guidelines, Implementing Source Water Protection, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection, U.S. National Park Service Program. 

This document is a final draft technical guidance and reference document for use 

by State, local, and Tribal managers in the implementation of nonpoint source 

pollution management programs. It contains information on the best available, 

economically achievable means of reducing pollution of surface and ground water 

from agriculture. 

Preliminary Data Summary of Urban Stormwater Best Management Practices. 

Report. 1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 821-R-99-012; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ost/stormwater/. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best 

Management Practices, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This report, conducted by OST's engineering and analysis division, summarizes 

existing information and data regarding the effectiveness of best management 

practices (BMPs) to control and reduce pollutants in urban storm water. The study 

provides a synopsis of what is currently known about the expected costs and 

environmental benefits of Best Management Practices, and identifies information 

gaps as well. Parsons Engineering Science, Inc, Limno-tech, Inc. and the Center 

for Watershed Protection helped prepare this document. 

Enforceable State Mechanisms for the Control of Nonpoint Source Water Pollution. 

Report. 1997. OWOW/ Environmental Law Institute, X-825472-01; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/elistudy/. 

Audience: States. Topics covered: Source Water Protection Guidelines, Implementing 

Source Water Protection, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This study examined the laws of the fifty states, Puerto Rico, and the District of 

Columbia to identify and analyze enforceable mechanisms for the control of 

nonpoint source water pollution. The study found many enforceable mechanisms 

in state law, and also found that there is great variability in such authorities. In the 

absence of any federal legislative or regulatory norm, the states have exhibited 

great diversity in their legislation. This report demonstrates the great diversity of 

state legislation imposing enforceable mechanisms. It identifies the kinds of 

24
responses that state and federal decision makers can draw upon in filling gaps and 

dealing with remaining water quality problems in the nonpoint source context. 

State Source Water Assessment and Protection Program Final Guidance. Program 

Guide. 1997. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-97-009; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP* and 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/swappg.html. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

General Public, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments, Source Water Protection 

Guidelines. 

The guidance addresses the law's requirement that States identify the areas that 

are sources of public drinking water, assess water systems' susceptibility to 

contamination, and inform the public of the results. 

Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in 

Coastal Waters . Guide. 1993. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 840-

B-92-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/MMGI/index.html. Audience: Local officials, States. 

Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best Management Practices, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This manual provides definitions and descriptions of management measures for 

agriculture, forestry, urban areas, marinas and recreational boating, channel 

modification, erosion control, wetlands, and vegetated treatment systems. It also 

provides techniques to monitor water quality. 

Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities: Developing Pollution 

Prevention Plans and BMPs . Guide. 1992. U.S. EPA, Office of Wastewater 

Management, EPA 832-R-92-006; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/pkeyword.cfm?keywords=Storm+Water+Management+for+I 

ndustrial+Activities&program_id=0. Audience: Industry, Local Officials, States. Topics 

covered: Source Water Protection Guidelines, Implementing Source Water Protection. 

This document provides industrial facilities with comprehensive guidance on 

developing stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) requirements for 

industrial (non-construction) activity under the NPDES Storm Water Program. 

The guide includes worksheets, checklists, and a sample Stormwater pollution 

prevention plan. The document also identifies appropriate Best Management 

Practices. 

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 

Technical Materials 

25
Training Materials on Source Water Protection Best Management Practice 

Practices. Web page. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwa/electronic/ematerials.html#SWP; 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/swpbull.html. Audience: Business, Local 

Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics 

covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Promotes Source Water Protection 

Benefits, Best Management Practices, Education and Training Materials, Explains 

Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

Many of EPA's source water protection training materials are available for 

download at these web sites. EPA has developed training materials on best 

management practices (Best Management Practices) and other measures for 

protecting drinking water supplies. The materials are divided into two parts: a 

training module in Microsoft PowerPoint format at 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwa/electronic.html and a series of more detailed 

source water protection "practices bulletins" by specific potential contaminant 

sources. 

Protecting Water Quality in Urban Areas: Best Management Practices for Dealing 

with Storm Water Runoff. Guide. 2000. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: http://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/pubs/sw-bmp

manual.html. Audience: Local Officials, General Public. Topics 

covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best Management Practices, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection.

This manual is designed to help local government officials, urban planners, 

developers and citizens become aware of urban nonpoint pollution problems and 

to provide detailed information about management practices to help prevent and 

control nonpoint pollution. 

Urban Best Management Practices for Nonpoint Source Pollution. Guide. 1999. 

Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality; EPA Developed/Funded: No. 

Available at: http://deq.state.wy.us/wqd/watershed/92171.pdf. Audience: Industry, Local 

Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best 

Management Practices, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This "Best Management Practices" document is designed to provide a series of 

conservation practices. This document can be used as a guide for municipalities, 

private individuals and industries who are conducting day to day management 

activities in urban or suburban situations. When selected and applied properly, 

these urban best management practices (BMPs) will result in maintaining the 

existing beneficial uses of water resources and reducing adverse effects and water 

quality degradation. 

26
Combined Sewer Overflow Management Fact Sheet: Pollution Prevention. Fact 

Sheet. 1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 832-F-99-038; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/pollutna.pdf. 

Audience: Local Officials. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best 

Management Practices, Contamination Sources, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

Pollution Prevention Best Management Practices can reduce both the volume of 

pollutants entering a Combined Sewer System (CCS) and the number of 

Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) that occur during storm water runoff events. 

Specific Best Management PracticeS discussed are: waste reduction and 

recycling, commercial/Industrial pollution prevention, street cleaning, catch basin 

maintenance, water conservation, fertilizer and pesticide control, and erosion and 

sediment control at construction sites. 

Xeriscape Landscaping: Preventing Pollution and Using Resources Wisely. 

Brochure. 1993. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 840-B-93-001; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. 

Audience: Homeowners, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water 

Protection, Best Management Practices, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This booklet describes xeriscaping and its many benefits, cites some successful 

examples, and provides a short bibliography. Xeriscaping saves water, prevents 

pollution, and protects the environment by employing designs and plants suited to 

the locale. 

Buffer Protection and Management Ordinance, Baltimore County, MD. Regulation. 

No date. Baltimore County Environmental Protection and Resource Management; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/documents/A2a-Baltimore.pdf. Audience: 

Local Officials. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best 

Management Practices, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This ordinance notice details the criteria required of the vegetated buffer strips in 

Baltimore County in forested, residential, and industrial areas. 

Reducing the Risk of Ground Water Contamination by Improving Pe sticide Storage 

and Handling. Article. No date. Texas A&M, Texas Agricultural Extension Service; 

EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://soilcrop.tamu.edu/publications/pubs/b6025.pdf. Audience: Farmers. Topics 

covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Implementing Wellhead Protection, Best 

Management Practices. 

This guide addresses proper pesticide management as an important tool in 

preventing ground water contamination. It provides pollution prevention 

information for the following areas: pesticide storage, mixing and loading 

27
practices, spill clean up, container disposal, other management practices. The 

document also provides an evaluation table and pesticide leachability charts. 

Reducing the Risk of Ground Water Contamination by Improving Fertilizer 

Storage and Handling. Article. No date. Texas Agricultural Extension Service; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://soilcrop.tamu.edu/publications/pubs/b6026.pdf. Audience: Farmers. Topics 

covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Implementing Wellhead Protection, Best 

Management Practices. 

This bulletin addresses that effects of improper fertilizer handling on ground 

water. Problems occur when nitrogen seeps through the soil and into ground 

water. The document emphasizes pollution prevention and covers the following 

topics: building new storage facilities; modifying existing facilities; mixing and 

loading practices; spills and container disposal; other management factors. The 

document also provides an evaluation table for analyzing specific facilities. 

Outreach Materials 

What Role Does Your Business Have in Protecting Drinking Water Sources? Guide. 

2000. U.S. EPA, New England (Region 1), EPA-901-F-00-001; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/region1/eco/drinkwater/pdfs/sourcewater.pdf. 

Audience: Business, General Public. Topics covered: Best Management Practices, 

Contamination Sources, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This brochure is written for businesses and explains the Source Water Assessment 

Program and how it may relate to businesses. It includes common sense tips for 

minimizing negative drinking water impacts from business activities is included. 

Best Management Practices for Protecting Groundwater. Fact sheet. 1992. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 570-9-91-036; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. Audience: Business, Local 

Officials, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead 

Protection, Best Management Practices. 

This series of fact sheets lists best management practices (BMPs) developed for 

12 facilities and industries. The Best Management Practices focus on well closure 

and alternative disposal methods. 

Pollution Prevention Fact Sheet: Animal Waste Collection. Fact Sheet. No date. The 

Center for Watershed Protection, Storm Water Manager's Resource Center; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/polk/water/learning/petwaste.pdf. Audience: 

Homeowners, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Best Management Practices, Education and Training Materials, Watersheds and Source 

Water Protection. 

28
This fact sheet pinpoints animal waste collection as a pollution source. The 

presence of pet waste in stormwater runoff has a number of implications for urban 

stream water quality (especially, with regard to fecal bacteria. Control of this 

waste involves a combination of educational outreach and enforcement practices 

to encourage residents to clean up after their pets. 

Programmatic Guidance 

Preliminary Data Summary of Urban Stormwater Best Management Practices. 

Report. 1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 821-R-99-012; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ost/stormwater/. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials. Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best 

Management Practices, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This report, conducted by OST's engineering and analysis division, summarizes 

existing information and data regarding the effectiveness of best management 

practices (BMPs) to control and reduce pollutants in urban storm water. The study 

provides a synopsis of what is currently known about the expected costs and 

environmental benefits of Best Management Practices, and identifies information 

gaps as well. Parsons Engineering Science, Inc, Limno-tech, Inc. and the Center 

for Watershed Protection helped prepare this document. 

Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in 

Coastal Waters . Guide. 1993. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 840-

B-92-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/MMGI/index.html. Audience: Local officials, States. 

Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Best Management Practices, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This manual provides definitions and descriptions of management measures for 

agriculture, forestry, urban areas, marinas and recreational boating, channel 

modification, erosion control, wetlands, and vegetated treatment systems. It also 

provides techniques to monitor water quality. 

WELLHEAD PROTECTION 

Includes the following topics: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Wellhead 

Protection Area Delineation, SSA Designation, Implementing 

Wellhead Protection, Wellhead Protection Examples 

Technical Materials 

Potential Sources of Drinking Water Contamination Index. Web page. 2003. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

29
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/intro4.html. Audience: States, Tribes. Topics 

covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Contamination Sources. 

This chart lists some potential facilities and activities where one might find the 

contaminants controlled by primary and secondary drinking water standards. A 

listed contaminant does not always occur at the associated source, nor does the list 

encompass all contaminants that may be present. Sources are divided into four 

major categories: Commercial/Industrial, Residential Municipal, 

Agricultural/Rural, Miscellaneous (Underground Injection Control/Naturally 

Occurring). This list is intended as a resource guide for creating a state or 

community-specific inventory list, based on local industrial activity and known 

contaminant occurrence information. 

Notice of Final Decision on Motor Vehicle Waste Disposal Wells in EPA Region 8; 

Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class V Program. Article. 2002. EPA Region 

8 Ground Water Program, FRL-7221-1; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/2002/June/Day-04/w13699.htm. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public, U.S. EPA Regions, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. 

National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. 

Air Force, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, 

OSM, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection

Area Delineation, Implementing Wellhead Protection, Wellhead Protection Examples, Public 

Participation, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, Media Information 

on Source Water Protection, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

EPA's Federal Register Notice announcing the decision under which each motor 

vehicle waste disposal well in Colorado, Montana, or South Dakota (regardless of 

whether it is in Indian country) or in Indian country in North Dakota, Utah, or 

Wyoming must either be closed or covered by a Class V Underground Injection 

Control (UIC) permit application no later than January 1, 2007. 

Delineation of Source Water Protection Areas in Karst Aquifers of the Ridge and 

Valley and Appalachian Plateaus Physiologic Provinces: Rules of Thumb for 

Estimating the Capture Zones of Springs and Wells. Guide. 2002. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-02-015; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: NSCEP*; http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/pdfs/karstaquifers.pdf. Audience: 

Local Officials, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Area Delineation, Source Water Assessments. 

Using low-cost rules of thumb (RT) approaches for ground-water technical 

personnel, this document helps to delineate the approximate capture zones for 

springs and public water-supply wells in karst aquifers in areas of the 

Appalachian Mountains. These RT approaches may be more accurate than fixedradius approaches and U.S. EPA urges Appalachian states to consider using them 

in their source water assessments. 

30
Literature Review of Methods for Delineating Wellhead Protection Areas. Report. 

1998. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-98-021; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP* and 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/wellhead/dewell.html. Audience: Local Officials, 

Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Area Delineation

This document presents an annotated bibliography of recent publications 

addressing technical aspects of wellhead protection area delineation. Topics 

include theory, case studies, land use, geographic information sys tems (GIS), 

hydrogeologic analysis and numerical modeling. 

State Methods for Delineating Source Water Protection Areas for Surface Water 

Supplied Sources of Drinking Water. Guide. 1997. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-97-008; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Wellhead Protection Area Delineation, Source Water Assessments. 

The EPA State Source Water Assessment and Protection Programs Guidance lays 

out the information that states need to submit to U.S. EPA about their program for 

approval. Drinking Water State Revolving Fund states will need to tap into 

expertise and information available from many sources to do the assessments. The 

guidance provides information on EPA, state, and other federal programs that 

relate to source water. 

Delineation of Source Water Protection Areas: A Discussion for Managers; Part I, 

A Conjunctive Approach for Ground Water and Surface Water. Program Guide. 

1997. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-97-012; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, Water 

Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Area Delineation,

Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments. 

This document provides combined ground-and-surface water delineation 

approached to assist states in determining the areas that should be assessed, in 

order to include those areas that need heightened management of contaminant 

sources. The first part of this document presents protection area boundary 

delineation approaches and methods, while the second part presents case studies 

demonstrating the developments of Source Water Protection Areas, extended 

Source Water Protection Areas and Source Water Protection Area segments in the 

Nanticoke-Blackwater Basins in Maryland and Delaware. 

Applicability of Wellhead Protection Area Delineation to Domestic Wells: A Case 

Study. Case Study. 1996. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-B-95-

007; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Local Officials, States, 

31
Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Wellhead Protection Area 

Delineation. 

Wellhead protection for a community supplied by numerous private wells requires 

a different approach than that for wellhead protection of individual privately 

owned wells. Before developing a private wellhead protection plan, a community 

should consider its protection goals and determine if a wellhead protection 

program will help attain them. This document presents one such plan and its 

development. 

Groundwater Sampling - A Workshop Summary, Dallas, TX. Report. 1995. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 600-R-94-205; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/swerust1/cat/gwwkshop.pdf. Audience: General 

Public, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead 

Protection, Education and Training Materials. 

This document provides a summary of the Ground Water Sampling Workshop in 

Dallas, Texas, held on November 30 - December 2, 1993. The primary objective 

of the conference was to provide a forum for discussing recent research findings 

on ground water sampling. Participants in the workshop included government and 

non-government researchers, practitioners, regulators, and policy makers. 

Wellhead Protection in Confined, Semi-Confined, Fractured, and Karst Aquifer 

Settings. Program Guide. 1993. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 

813-K-93-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Local Officials, States, 

Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Implementing Wellhead 

Protection. 

This fact sheet provides background information on the need to define protection 

areas for wells that draw public drinking water from several complex 

hydrogeologic settings: confined, semi-confined, fractured, and karst aquifers. 

These settings include aquifers in which the ground water is not open to the 

atmosphere (i.e., the aquifer does not consist of unconsolidated porous media). 

Protection areas around wells that draw from confined, fractured, and karst 

aquifers are (because of their complex hydrogeology) more difficult to define than 

protection areas for wells in porous media settings. 

Guide for Conducting Contaminant Source Inventories for Public Drinking Water 

Supplies: Technical Assistance Document. Guide. 1991. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 570-9-91-033; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Wellhead Protection Area Delineatio , n, Contamination Sources

This technical assistance document assists state and local water managers in 

developing and refining methods and procedures for inventorying existing and 

32
potential sources of contamination within wellhead protection areas. The 

document discusses the design, structure, and function of contaminant source 

inventories. The document includes detailed discussions of contaminant sources 

and methodologies for identifying these sources; suggestions for managing 

information collected on these sources; and practical use of the information to 

protect public drinking water supplies. The document also contains case studies of 

contaminant source inventories. 

Wellhead Protection Strategies for Confined Aquifer Settings. Guide. 1991. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 570-9-91-008; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. 

Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead Protection. 

This document provides methods for defining the sensitivity of an aquifer to 

contamination. This is accomplished by first determining the degree of 

confinement of an aquifer. The document also provides approaches for 

delineating wellhead protection areas for highly confined and semi-confined 

aquifers. Two case studies are also provided. 

Regional Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability and Sensitivity in the Conterminous 

U.S. Report. 1991. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 600-2-91-043; 

EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States, 

Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines. 

The report provides a general representation of ground water vulnerability, 

precipitation distribution, population density, potential well yield, and aquifer 

sensitivity for each of the 48 conterminous states. The report presents an aquifer 

classification scheme based on vulnerability assessments of surficial and 

relatively shallow aquifers. Aquifer sensitivity is related to the potential for 

contamination; therefore, aquifers with a high degree of vulnerability and are in 

areas of high population density are considered to be the most sensitive. 

Delineations of Wellhead Protection Areas in Fractured Rocks. Program Guide. 

1991. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 570-9-91-009; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, Water 

Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Area Delineation. 

This report was prepared by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History 

Survey under an agreement with the EPA. The report evaluates methods for 

wellhead protection area delineation in unconfined fractured rock aquifers. 

Methods evaluated were applicable to fractured-rock settings in Wisconsin and to 

similar settings around the U.S. 

A Review of Methods for Assessing Nonpoint Source Contaminated Ground Water 

Discharge to Surface Water. Report. 1991. Office of Ground Water and Drinking 

33
Water, EPA 570-9-91-010; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States, 

Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Wellhead Protection Area Delineation,

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This document provides an overview of selected methods that have been used for 

assessing nonpoint source contaminated ground water discharging to surface 

water. EPA undertook this project in response to the growing awareness that 

contaminated ground water discharge is a significant source of nonpoint source 

contaminant loading to surface water in many parts of the country. 

Model Assessment for Delineating Wellhead Protection Areas. Program Guide. 

1988. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-88-002; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. 

Audience: Local Officials, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead

Protection Area Delineation. 

This report provides information on 64 existing ground water flow and 

contaminant fate and transport models. Detailed descriptions of each model are 

presented. These models may be used for delineating wellhead protection areas. 

Septic Systems and Groundwater Protection: A Program Manager's Guide and 

Reference Book. Guide . 1986. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-

6-86-006; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

General Public. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Contamination 

Sources, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This document describes in detail the major issues state and local managers must 

address in protecting ground water through management and control. It provides 

program options and regulatory language from existing septic system 

management programs. The document is designed to provide information 

concerning effective septic system management to officials responsible for 

developing state or local codes. 

Reducing the Risk of Ground Water Contamination by Improving Pesticide Storage 

and Handling. Article. No date. Texas A&M, Texas Agricultural Extension Service; 

EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://soilcrop.tamu.edu/publications/pubs/b6025.pdf. Audience: Farmers. Topics 

covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Implementing Wellhead Protection, Best 

Management Practices. 

This guide addresses proper pesticide management as an important tool in 

preventing ground water contamination. It provides pollution prevention 

information for the following areas: pesticide storage, mixing and loading 

34
practices, spill clean up, container disposal, and other management practices. The 

document also provides an evaluation table and pesticide leachability charts. 

Reducing the Risk of Ground Water Contamination by Improving Fertilizer 

Storage and Handling. Article. No date. Texas Agricultural Extension Service; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://soilcrop.tamu.edu/publications/pubs/b6026.pdf. Audience: Farmers. Topics 

covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Implementing Wellhead Protection, Best 

Management Practices. 

This bulletin addresses that effects of improper fertilizer handling on ground 

water. Problems occur when nitrogen seeps through the soil and into ground 

water. The document emphasizes pollution prevention and covers the following 

topics: building new storage facilities; modifying existing facilities; mixing and 

loading practices; spills and container disposal; other management factors. The 

document also provides an evaluation table for analyzing specific facilities. 

Outreach Materials 

New Sole Source Aquifer Designated in Utah: "Sole Source Aquifer Determination 

for the Cas Valley Aquifer System, Castle Valley, UT". Article. 2001. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/ssa/utssa.html. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States, 

Tribes. Topics covered: Sole Source Aquifer Designation. 

In this Federal Register Notice of Final Determination, EPA in Region 8 has 

determined that the Castle Valley Aquifer System in Castle Valley, Utah is the 

principal source of drinking water for the region. The aquifer area and petitioning 

process for sole source status is described. 

Shallow Disposal Systems Are Everyone's Business. Video. 2000. EPA Region 8 

Ground Water Program, EPA 908-V-98-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/videos.html. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

General Public, States, Tribes, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. National Park Service, Bureau of 

Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, OSM, U.S. Geological Survey, 

Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead Protection, 

Wellhead Protection Examples, Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground 

Injection Control Regulations, Media Information on Source Water Protection. 

A new video has been created to assist Class V well operators solve problems 

caused by Class V well contamination. The video uses a case history of 

contamination from Class V wells to show how a cooperative effort by local 

governments and the business community was successful in stopping actual and 

potentials sources of pollution. 

35
MTBE Farm*A*Syst Brochure: Drinking Water and MTBE:A Guide for Private 

Well Owners . Brochure. 2000. EPA/ Farm*A*Syst; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.uwex.edu/farmandhome/wqpaap/pdf/mtbe.pdf. Audience: 

Farmers, Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: 

Implementing Wellhead Protection, Implementing Source Water Protection, Education 

and Training Materials. 

This brochure provides private well owners with basic information about the 

gasoline additive chemical methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), including how to 

assess your household’s exposure risk (checklist), what to do if you have MTBE 

contamination, and how to protect your drinking water from potential MTBE 

pollution. 

Wellhead Protection: Lessons Learned through Local Stewardship. Article. 1999. 

GWF; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.groundwater.org/FreeThings/free.htm. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead Protection. 

This booklet covers the basic steps of an effective Wellhead Protection (WHP) 

Program, community protection goals, outcomes and obstacles. 

Let’s Make a Difference: Mobilizing for Community Action. Guide. 1999. GWF; 

EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.groundwater.org/FreeThings/free.htm. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead Protection, Public 

Participation, Education and Training Materials. 

This motivational guide will jumpstart your engine for groundwater protection 

and community involvement. 

Citizen's Guide to Ground-Water Protection, (Updated 1999). Guide. 1999. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-90-004; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/citguide.html. Audience: Local 

Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead Protection. 

This document introduces citizens to the natural cycle that supplies the earth with 

ground water. It also explains how ground water can become contaminated, 

examines ways to protect ground water supplies, and describes the roles citizens 

and communities can play in protecting valuable ground water supplies. 

Why Do Wellhead Protection? Issues And Answers In Protecting Public Drinking 

Water Supply Systems . Guide. 1995. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 

EPA 813-K-95-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead 

Protection. 

36
Protection of public water supply wells through WHP activities is also considered 

an important component of a Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection 

Program (CSGWPP). EPA has established a set of ground water protection 

principles which recognize that the primary role of ground water protection 

should be vested with the states. EPA is providing funds to states to undertake 

necessary WHP activities and programs as a critical component of a CSGWPP. 

Tribal Wellhead Protection Demonstration Projects. Report. 1995. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-R-95-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Examples. 

These case studies illustrate Tribal wellhead protection activities, and highlight 

several concerns that tribes may have in implementing wellhead protection. These 

concerns include: ground water recharge or wellhead protection areas that are 

located outside the boundaries of Tribal reservations; the relationship between 

ground water and surface water within reservations; and the difficulties in 

implementing or enforcing a program in the absence of a Tribal judicial body. 

The Wellhead Protection Program: Forerunner to Source Water Protection Efforts 

across the Nation. Fact Sheet. 1995. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 

EPA 813-F-95-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at:

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: General Public, Tribes.

Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines. 

This fact sheet describes wellhead protection efforts around the U.S. It 

summarizes the background, purpose, and implementation of the Wellhead 

Protection Program. 

Protecting Our Ground Water. Fact Sheet. 1995. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 813-F-95-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: General Public. Topics 

covered: Implementing Wellhead Protection. 

This brochure describes the dangers to ground water and measures for protecting 

ground water. It includes a map of states with public water supplies dependent 

upon ground water and a good illustration of the water cycle. 

Handbook: Groundwater and Wellhead Protection. Report. 1994. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 625-R-94-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb/. Audience: Local Officials, General Public, Tribes. 

Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Implementing Wellhead Protection. 

Much of this handbook discusses methods for wellhead protection area 

delineation. It also provides guidance on developing a wellhead protection plan, 

37
including a contaminant source inventory and management options. Several case 

studies are provide additional implementation information. 

Case Study: Preventing Ground Water Contamination. Case Study. 1993. U.S. 

EPA, Envirosense; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://es.epa.gov/techinfo/case/michigan/michcs15.html. Audience: Business, Local 

Officials. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Examples, Education and Training 

Materials. 

This case study that presents several waste management tips designed to assist 

small businesses in their efforts to manage wastewater properly. The tips include 

waste reduction recommendations. The document also includes a list of wastes of 

special concern. 

A Guide to Federal Environmental Requirements for Small Governments. Report. 

1993. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 270-K-93-001; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. 

Audience: Local Officials, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Guidelines, Source Water Assessment Program, Public Participation, Source Water 

Protection Guidelines, Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground 

Injection Control Regulations. 

This document was produced by the EPA Office of Regional Operations and 

State/Local Relations. It is a reference handbook intended to help local officials 

become familiar with EPA requirements that may apply to their jurisdictions. 

A Guide for Cost Effectiveness and Cost Benefit Analysis of State and Local 

Groundwater Protection Programs . Report. 1993. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 813-R-93-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Local Officials, States. 

Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines. 

This guide familiarizes state and local ground water program managers with the 

tools of economic analysis. It shows how these tools can be used to evaluate 

ground water programs through cost effectiveness or cost benefit analysis. Case 

studies show the practical application of cost analysis, cost effectiveness analysis, 

and cost-benefit analysis. A bibliography is included to provide additional 

information on these subjects. 

Ground Water Protection: A Citizen's Action Checklist. Guide. 1992. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 810-F-92-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: General Public. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Guidelines, Implementing Wellhead Protection. 

This checklist contains an overview of potential threats to ground water supplies, 

including contamination from residential and commercial sources. The document 

38
also outlines steps that citizens may take to help protect the local drinking water 

supply. 

Case Studies in Wellhead Protection: Ten Examples of Innovative Wellhead 

Protection Programs . Case Study. 1992. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 

EPA 813-R-92-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: 

Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Wellhead Protection Examples. 

This document assists provides examples of wellhead protection programs that are 

being implemented. The purpose of the document is to assist state, local, and 

Tribal water managers in developing, refining, and implementing wellhead 

protection programs. 

Best Management Practices for Protecting Groundwater. Fact sheet. 1992. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 570-9-91-036; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. Audience: Business, Local 

Officials, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead 

Protection, Best Management Practices. 

This series of fact sheets lists best management practices (BMPs) developed for 

12 facilities and industries. The Best Management Practices focus on well closure 

and alternative disposal methods. 

Protecting the Nation's Ground Water: EPA's Strategy for the 1990s. Report. 1991. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 21Z-1020; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: General 

public, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines. 

This document updates EPA's 1984 Ground Water Protection Strategy, which 

articulated known methods for protecting ground water resources, and set out an 

appropriate role for the Agency. The report updates Agency policy and includes 

implementation principles that reflect an aggressive approach to protecting the 

Nation's ground water resources. The strategy prioritizes prevention of ground 

water contamination, and strives to improve EPA's coordination of ground water 

activities under all statutes and programs. The strategy recognizes that ground 

water is a uniquely local resource for which States and local governments must 

assume primary responsibility. 

Protecting Local Ground-Water Supplies through Wellhead Protection. Guide. 

1991. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 570-9-91-007; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. 

Audience: Local Officials, General Public, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing 

Wellhead Protection. 

39
This guide outlines an easy-to-follow, five-step process that communities can take 

to protect public water supply wells. The document presents an approach to 

protecting ground water supplies that can be coordinated with existing state and 

federal ground water supply protection programs. 

EPA's Strategy for Protecting the Nation's Ground Water in the 1990s: Quick 

Reference Fact Sheet. Fact Sheet. 1991. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 

EPA 570-9-91-011; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/cgibin/claritgw?op-Display&document=clserv:OSWER:2513;&rank=4&template=epa. 

Audience: General public, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Guidelines. 

This fact sheet summarizes EPA's ground water policy, as described in the report 

"Protecting the Nation's Ground Water: EPA's Strategy for the 1990s." 

Progress in Ground Water Protection and Restoration. Report. 1990. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-90-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NTIS. Audience: General Public, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead 

Protection Guidelines. 

This document details a July 18, 1989, a ground-water task force meeting to 

develop EPA's strategy for ground water protection. The strategy incorporates 

recommendations and initiatives to ensure effective and consistent decisionmaking in all Agency actions affecting ground water. The strategy also guides 

future ground water decisions and seeks to ensure a clean and safe source of 

drinking water for all Americans. 

Wellhead Protection: A Decision Maker's Guide . Guide. 1987. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-87-009; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/wellhead/wellhead_publications.pdf. Audience: Local 

Officials, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead Protection. 

This booklet explains how the Federal Wellhead Protection Program is meant to 

help states solve wellhead protection problems. In addition, the booklet explains 

how the Program works and how states can benefit from participating. 

Septic Systems and Groundwater Protection: An Executive's Guide . Guide. 1986. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-86-005; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. 

Audience: Business, Local Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Wellhead 

Protection Guidelines, Contamination Sources, Explains Underground Injection Control 

Regulations. 

This document is a companion the program manager's guide and provides a brief 

description of the relationship between septic system use and ground water 

40
contamination. This document conveys the main points of the longer program 

manager's guide to the state or local legislator or chief executive. 

Newsletter - Notes from Underground. Article. No date. EPA Region 9; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/underground/notes/. Audience: Local Officials, 

General Public, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Guidelines, SSA Designation, Wellhead Protection Examples, Source Water Protection 

Guidelines, Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control 

Regulations. 

This newsletter is published by EPA Region 9's Ground Water Office. Its purpose 

is to bring information about source water protection, underground injection 

control, and related compliance and public water supply issues to injection well 

operators, the public water supply industry, other regulators, and the general 

public. 

Programmatic Guidance 

Guidance for Future State Ground Water Protection Grants. Program Guide. 1997. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-97-010; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/gwpgrt.html. 

Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, 

Funding Wellhead Protection. 

This memorandum outlines the purpose and process for states to apply for EPA 

grant funds to supplement comprehensive state ground water protection programs. 

As of the date of this memo, funds had not been appropriated for these grants, but 

the steps EPA will take are outlined. The 1992 final comprehensive 

Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Program document [100/R-93-

001] is cited. 

Final Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Programs Guidance. Program 

Guide. 1992. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 100-R-93-001; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. 

Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Area Delineation. 

This guidance describes the cooperative process that states and EPA use in 

developing and implementing comprehensive state ground water protection 

programs. The guidance considers current or threatened contamination, recent 

responses to contamination, and future legislative, regulatory, and other federal 

initiatives. 

Managing Ground-Water Contamination Sources in Wellhead Protection Areas: A 

Priority Setting Approach. Program Guide. 1991. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 570-9-91-023; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

41
http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead Protection. 

This document is one of a series of technical assistance documents designed by 

EPA to help local governments and public water suppliers protect wells and 

implement their state and local Wellhead Protection Programs. The priority 

setting approach provides a risk screening tool for assessing and ranking the 

relative threats to ground water supplies posed by specific potential contamination 

sources. 

Guide to Ground-Water Supply Contingency Planning for Local and State 

Governments: Technical Assistance Document. Program Guide. 1990. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-90-003; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. 

Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Implementing Wellhead Protection. 

This document provides assistance to states and local communities in 

establishing, providing, maintaining, and updating certain emergency response 

procedures that may become necessary if a partial or total loss of public water 

supply service occurs. The development and integration of these emergency 

response procedures into a workable plan constitutes the Contingency Planning 

Process. 

Developing a State Wellhead Protection Program: A User's Guide to Assist State 

Agencies under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Program Guide. 1988. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-88-003; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. Audience: States. Topics 

covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines. 

This technical assistance document illustrates ranges of options and approaches 

that states may use when developing their wellhead protection programs. The 

document includes a road map to guide the reader through the steps of the 

wellhead protection program planning process. 

Sole Source Aquifer Designation: Petitioner Guidance. Program Guide. 1987. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-87-003; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP* and http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: 

Local officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, States. Topics covered: SSA 

Designation. 

This guidance document assists potential sole source aquifer (SSA) petitioners in 

preparing and submitting their SSA petitions to EPA. It presents an overview of 

the process and provides instructions for completing the petition. 

Guidance for Applicants for State Wellhead Protection Program Assistance Funds 

under the Safe Drinking Water Act - Appendix C: Wellhead Protection Program 

Applicable Regulations . Program Guide. 1987. Office of Ground Water and Drinking 

42
Water, EPA 440-6-87-012; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Local officials, Water 

Suppliers, States. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Funding Wellhead 

Protection. 

Appendix C is a companion document to the guidance for state wellhead 

protection assistance fund applicants. It explains EPA regulations applicable to 

the wellhead protection program and provides the assistance application form 

needed to request a program grant. These two documents are used to develop 

approvable assistance applications and to properly administer the funds awarded 

under the wellhead protection program. 

Guidance for Applicants for State Wellhead Protection Program Assistance Funds 

under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Program Guide. 1987. Office of Ground Water 

and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-87-011; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: States. Topics covered: 

Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Funding Wellhead Protection. 

This guidance document provides procedural and technical information for 

applicants eligible to apply for federal grant funds to develop and implement 

wellhead protection programs. Complete with a glossary of terms and applicable 

regulations, this 50-page guide thoroughly explains EPA's policies and procedures 

for implementing a wellhead protection program. 

UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL 

Technical Materials 

Introduction to Underground Injection Control Permitting. Web page. 2002. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwa/electronic/presentations/uic/permitting.ppt.

Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Education and Training 

Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations.

This EPA Drinking Water Academy training module provides an introduction to 

Underground Injection Control (UIC) permitting issues for new permit writers. 

The course discusses permit requirements and explains what to look for in 

reviewing each of the attachments to a Underground Injection Control permit 

application. The course also provides a forum for sharing permit strategies among 

Underground Injection Control professionals. 

Introduction to the Underground Injection Control Program. Web page. 2002. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwa/electronic/presentations/uic/pt1/uic18.html. 

Audience: Local Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Education 

and Training Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

43
This EPA Drinking Water Academy course explains what an injection well is and 

how it relates to subsurface geology. It reviews the origins of the Underground 

Injection Control (UIC) program and program elements under Safe Drinking 

Water Act. The module also describes some of the challenges facing today’s 

Underground Injection Control program. 

Training Materials on Source Water Protection BMP Practices. Web page. 2002. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwa/electronic/ematerials.html#SWP; 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/swpbull.html. Audience: Business, Local 

Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics 

covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Promotes Source Water Protection 

Benefits, Best Management Practices, Education and Training Materials, Explains 

Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

Many of EPA's source water protection training materials are available for 

download at these web sites. EPA has developed training materials on best 

management practices (BMPs) and other measures for protecting drinking water 

supplies. The materials are divided into two parts: a training module in Microsoft 

PowerPoint format at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwa/electronic.html and a 

series of more detailed source water protection "practices bulletins" by specific 

potential contaminant sources. 

Notice of Final Decision on Motor Vehicle Waste Disposal Wells in EPA Region 8; 

Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class V Program. Article. 2002. EPA Region 

8 Ground Water Program, FRL-7221-1; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/2002/June/Day-04/w13699.htm. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public, U.S. EPA Regions, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. 

National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. 

Air Force, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, 

OSM, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection

Area Delineation, Implementing Wellhead Protection, Wellhead Protection Examples, Public 

Participation, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, Media Information 

on Source Water Protection, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protectio n. 

EPA's Federal Register Notice announcing the decision under which each motor 

vehicle waste disposal well in Colorado, Montana, or South Dakota (regardless of 

whether it is in Indian country) or in Indian country in North Dakota, Utah, or 

Wyoming must either be closed or covered by a Class V Underground Injection 

Control (UIC) permit application no later than January 1, 2007. 

The Class V Rule: A Quick Reference Guide for Regulators . Guide. 2000. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-00-029; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

44
Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. 

Topics covered: Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This one-page reference guide lists the rule requirements, permit requirements, 

year 2000 revisions to Underground Injection Control regulations, and 

implementation schedule for the Class V rule. 

Conversion of a Motor Vehicle Waste Disposal Well: A UIC Director's Guide . 

Guide. 2000. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-00-017; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/conversionguide.pdf. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, 

States, Tribes. Topics covered: Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This document outlines for Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program 

Directors and their staff, the new requirements for allowing the conversion 

(reclassification) of a motor vehicle waste disposal well to another type of Class 

V injection well. The guidance also discusses other Underground Injection 

Control requirements that may affect a conversion and additional factors that may 

need to be considered such as Best Management Practices (BMPs). 

The Class V Underground Injection Control Study, Volume 3: Storm Water 

Drainage Wells. Report. 1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-

R-99-014c; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/classv/pdfs/volume3.pdf. Audience: General Public, 

U.S. EPA Regions, States. Topics covered: Explains Underground Injection Control 

Regulations, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

The Class V study provides background information for EPA to use in evaluating 

the risk that approximately 20 types of Class V wells pose to underground sources 

of drinking water. EPA used the information to determine if additional federal 

regulations for these well types are warranted and, if so, how each well should be 

regulated. Volume 3 covers Storm Water Drainage Wells, which are shallow 

injection wells designed for the disposal of rain water and melted snow. 

The Class V Underground Injection Control Study, Volume 5: Large Capacity 

Septic Systems . Report. 1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA-816-

R-99-014E; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/classv/pdfs/volume5.pdf. Audience: Business, General 

Public, U.S. EPA Regions, States. Topics covered: Explains Underground Injection 

Control Regulations, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

The Class V study provides background information for EPA to use in evaluating 

the risk that approximately 20 types of Class V wells pose to underground sources 

of drinking water. EPA used the information to determine if additional federal 

regulations for these well types are warranted and, if so, how each well should be 

regulated. Volume 5 covers large capacity septic systems, which are used to 

45
dispose of sanitary waste through a septic tank, used by a multiple dwelling, 

business establishment, community, or regional business establishment for the 

injection of wastes. 

"Septic Systems: Operation and Maintenance of On-site Sewage Disposal Systems" 

in Land and Water: Conserving Natural Resources in Illinois. Article. 1989. Bicki, 

T.J. and D.G. Peterson; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://hermes.ecn.purdue.edu/cgi/convwqtest?lw-15.il.ascii. Audience: Homeowners. 

Topics covered: Implementing Source Water Protection, Contamination Sources, 

Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

This article outlines proper operation and maintenance for on-site sewage disposal 

systems to ensure system longevity and to protect ground water and surface water. 

The document describes septic tank/soil absorption systems, types of absorption 

fields, and alternative systems. 

Septic Systems and Groundwater Protection: A Program Manager's Guide and 

Reference Book. Guide. 1986. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-

6-86-006; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

General Public. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Contamination 

Sources, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This document describes in detail the major issues state and local managers must 

address in protecting ground water through management and control. It provides 

program options and regulatory language from existing septic system 

management programs. The document is designed to provide information 

concerning effective septic system management to officials responsible for 

developing state or local codes. 

Outreach Materials 

Protecting Drinking Water Through Underground Injection Control: Drinking 

Water Pocket Guide #2. Guide. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 

EPA 816-K-02-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: Explains 

Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This booklet outlines the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program basics 

and the minimum federal requirements for an effective Underground Injection 

Control program. Includes a brief Underground Injection Control program 

history, well descriptions, glossary, agency, and contacts list. 

How a Shallow Disposal System on Your Property Affects You. Web page. 2002. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

46
at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/cl5oper/index.html. Audience: Business, Local 

Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: Education and Training 

Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

EPA web article: overview of types of and requirements for shallow disposal 

system, including links to related material. 

The Problem with Shallow Disposal Systems . Video. 2001. Office of Ground Water 

and Drinking Water, EPA 816-V-97-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

NSCEP*. Audience: Business, General Public. Topics covered: Education and Training 

Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This 15-minute video about Class V injection wells reveals how chemical waste 

discharged to ground water through shallow disposal systems contaminates water 

resources, how it affects communities, and details some simple, preventive steps a 

community can take to reduce this serious threat to its water supply. 

Safe Drinking Water Act: Underground Injection Control Program, Protecting 

Public Health and Drinking Water Resources. Poster. 2001. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-H-01-003; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Business, General Public, Water Suppliers. Topics 

covered: Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

Spanish and English versions of a diagram and fact sheet depicting the five 

classes of Underground Injection Controls and discussing their impact on public 

health and public drinking water sources. 

Class V Injection Wells Small Entity Compliance Guide: How the New Motor 

Vehicle Waste Disposal Well Rule Affects Your Business. Fact Sheet. 2000. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/smallcompliance.pdf. Audience: Business, Water 

Suppliers. Topics covered: Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, Clean 

Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This non-technical guidance document outlines the minimum Federal 

requirements for motor vehicle waste disposal wells. It is divided into question 

and answer sections designed to help small business owners discern if they have a 

motor vehicle waste disposal well, which rule segments may affect their well, and 

tips and courses of action to take if they are affected. 

Funding Class V Injection Well Closures with the Clean Water State Revolving 

Fund. Fact Sheet. 2000. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 832-F-00-

001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owm/cwfinance/cwsrf/clasvwell.pdf. Audience: Local Officials, 

U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Wellhead Protection, 

47
Funding Source Water Protection, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, 

Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This fact sheet summarizes the Class V Wells Rule requirements and describes 

the process for soliciting funds from the CWSRF to comply with the regulations. 

The information included covers how to get a project funded, who may qualify, 

sources of repayments, and success stories. 

Shallow Disposal Systems Are Everyone's Business. Video. 2000. EPA Region 8 

Ground Water Program, EPA 908-V-98-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/videos.html. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

General Public, States, Tribes, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. National Park Service, Bureau of 

Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, OSM, U.S. Geological Survey, 

Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: Implementing Wellhead Protection, 

Wellhead Protection Examples, Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground 

Injection Control Regulations, Media Information on Source Water Protection. 

A new video has been created to assist Class V well operators solve problems 

caused by Class V well contamination. The video uses a case history of 

contamination from Class V wells to show how a cooperative effort by local 

governments and the business community was successful in stopping actual and 

potentials sources of pollution. 

Class V Injection Wells and Your Drinking Water. Fact Sheet. 1995. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-F-94-005; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: General Public. Topics covered: Education and 

Training Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This pamphlet briefly defines Class V injection wells and outlines EPA Class V 

regulations. 

Is Your Community's Drinking Water At Risk? Misused Septic Systems Can Cost 

Million$. Report. 1995. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-F-95-

004; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Homeowners, Local 

Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Education and Training Materials, Explains 

Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This document describes the risk posed by businesses that discharge waste water 

to septic systems or shallow wells. It provides examples of contamination events 

and the resultant costs. Suggestions for prevention are also provided for local 

officials. 

Underground Injection Wells and Your Drinking Water. Fact Sheet. 1994. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-F-94-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

48
Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: General Public. Topics covered: Education and 

Training Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This pamphlet briefly defines the five classes of underground injection wells and 

provides an overview of EPA's Underground Injection Control Program. 

Class III Injection Wells and Your Drinking Water. Fact Sheet. 1994. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-F-94-004; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. Audience: Industry, States. 

Topics covered: Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground Injection 

Control Regulations. 

This pamphlet briefly defines Class III injection wells and outlines EPA Class III 

regulations. 

Class II Injection Wells and Your Drinking Water. Fact Sheet. 1994. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-F-94-003; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Industry, States. Topics covered: Education and 

Training Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

This pamphlet briefly defines Class II injection wells and outlines EPA Class II 

regulations. 

Class I Injection Wells and Your Drinking Water. Fact Sheet. 1994. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-F-94-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. Audience: Industry, States. 

Topics covered: Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground Injection 

Control Regulations. 

This pamphlet briefly defines Class I injection wells and outlines EPA Class I 

regulations. 

A Guide to Federal Environmental Requirements for Small Governments. Report. 

1993. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 270-K-93-001; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. 

Audience: Local Officials, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Guidelines, Source Water Assessment Program, Public Participation, Source Water 

Protection Guidelines, Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground 

Injection Control Regulations. 

This document was produced by the EPA Office Of Regional Operations and 

State/Local Relations. It is a reference handbook intended to help local officials 

become familiar with EPA requirements that may apply to their jurisdictions. 

Septic Systems and Groundwater Protection: An Executive's Guide . Guide. 1986. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-86-005; EPA 

49
Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. 

Audience: Business, Local Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Wellhead 

Protection Guidelines, Contamination Sources, Explains Underground Injection Control 

Regulations. 

This document is a companion to the program manager's guide and provides a 

brief description of the relationship between septic system use and ground water 

contamination. This document conveys the main points of the longer program 

manager's guide to the state or local legislator or chief executive. 

Newsletter - Notes from Underground. Article. No date. EPA Region 9; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/underground/notes/. Audience: Local Officials, 

General Public, Water Suppliers, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection 

Guidelines, SSA Designation, Wellhead Protection Examples, Source Water Protection 

Guidelines, Education and Training Materials, Explains Underground Injection Control 

Regulations. 

This newsletter is published by U.S. EPA Region 9, Ground Water Office. Its 

purpose is to bring information about source water protection, underground 

injection control, and related compliance and public water supply issues to 

injection well operators, the public water supply industry, other regulators, and 

the general public. 

Programmatic Guidance 

Class V Injection Wells: Notice of Final Determination: EPA Will Continue with its 

Existing Approach for Managing Class V Injection Wells. Regulation. 2002. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-02-010; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Business, Local Officials, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA 

Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Explains Underground Injection Control 

Regulations. 

EPA fact sheet in Q&A format discussing the definitions of, federal regulatory 

requirements applying to, and federal managements plan for Class V injection 

wells. 

New Regulation Addressing Motor Vehicle Maintenance Facilities' Impact on 

Ground Water: U.S. EPA Region 8’s Implementation Proposal. Article. 2001. EPA 

Region 8 Ground Water Program; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.r8roc.org/EPApublic_notice__new_regulation_ad.htm. Audience: Business, 

Local Officials, General Public, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes, U.S. Forest Service, 

U.S. National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & 

Wildlife, OSM, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: 

50
Public Participation, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, Clean Water 

Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This public notice reviews the need for the new regulation and announces the 

proposed implementation plan: as the new regulations require that existing motor 

vehicle waste disposal systems be phased out in specific geographic areas 

identified by State and U.S.EPA Underground Injection Control program, for the 

states of Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, and all of Indian Country throughout 

EPA Region 8, U.S. EPA today is proposing to phase out the operation of these 

disposal systems on a state- and Indian Country-wide basis. If U.S. EPA 

implements this proposal, owners/operators, regardless of facility location, would 

have to demonstrate that their waste stream meets stringent federal drinking water 

standards as part of a permit application process OR cease discharging into the 

ground no later than January 1, 2007. 

Class V Injection Wells: EPA Announces New Regulatory Requirements for Certain 

Class V Injection Wells. Fact Sheet. 1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking 

Water, EPA 816-F-99-016; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw000/uic/c5fin-fs.pdf. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

General Public, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Explains 

Underground Injection Control Regulations. 

Fact sheet outlining Class V injection wells and the new requirements. 

Compliance schedules for owners and operators also detailed. Information on 

additional resources and the Federal Register notice included. 

CLEAN WATER ACT/SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (CWA/SDWA) 

INTEGRATION 

Technical Materials 

Federal Index of Information Relevant to Source Water Assessment and Protection. 

Guide. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/feddata.html. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public, Water Suppliers, U.S. EPA Regions, States, 

Tribes. Topics covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Source Water Protection 

Guidelines, Implementing Source Water Protection, Source Water Protection Examples, 

Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

This Federal Agency Data Index provides access to information relevant to source 

water assessment and protection efforts from the Departments of Agriculture, 

Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and Human Services, Interior, Transportation, 

EPA, FEMA, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S.PS, and Farm*A*Systst*Home*A*Syst. 

51
Notice of Final Decision on Motor Vehicle Waste Disposal Wells in EPA Region 8; 

Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class V Program. Article. 2002. EPA Region 

8 Ground Water Program, FRL-7221-1; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/2002/June/Day-04/w13699.htm. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public, U.S. EPA Regions, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. 

National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. 

Air Force, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, 

OSM, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection

Area Delineation, Implementing Wellhead Protection, Wellhead Protection Examples, Public o

Participation, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, Media Information 

on Source Water Protection, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

EPA's Federal Register Notice announcing the decision under which each motor 

vehicle waste disposal well in Colorado, Montana, or South Dakota (regardless of 

whether it is in Indian country) or in Indian country in North Dakota, Utah, or 

Wyoming must either be closed or covered by a Class V Underground Injection 

Control (UIC) permit application no later than January 1, 2007. 

Outreach Materials 

"Ground Water in the Plains, Canyonlands, and Mountains" article for Natural 

News . Article. 2001. EPA Region 8, EPA 908-R-01-012; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/region08/community_resources/steward/estnatural/nnewsfall01.PDF. 

Audience: Local Officials, General Public, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. National Park 

Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Air Force, U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, OSM, U.S. 

Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: Source Water 

Assessment Program, Source Water Assessments, Implementing Source Water 

Protection, Promotes Source Water Protection Benefits, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking 

Water Act Integration. 

Update on the status of a summary of the status of groundwater in the states of 

Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming, written by 

the Source Water/Ground Water Unit in EPA Region 8. 

Class V Injection Wells Small Entity Compliance Guide: How the New Motor 

Vehicle Waste Disposal Well Rule Affects Your Business. Fact Sheet. 2000. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/smallcompliance.pdf. Audience: Business, Water 

Suppliers. Topics covered: Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, Clean 

Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This non-technical guidance document outlines the minimum Federal 

requirements for motor vehicle waste disposal wells. It is divided into question 

52
and answer sections designed to help small business owners to discern if they 

have a motor vehicle waste disposal well, which rule segments may affect their 

well, and tips and courses of action to take if they are affected. 

Funding Class V Injection Well Closures with the Clean Water State Revolving 

Fund. Fact Sheet. 2000. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 832-F-00-

001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owm/cwfinance/cwsrf/clasvwell.pdf. Audience: Local Officials, 

U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Wellhead Protection, 

Funding Source Water Protection, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, 

Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This fact sheet summarizes the Class V Wells Rule Requirements and describes 

the process for soliciting funds from the CWSRF to comply with the regulations. 

The information included covers how to get a project funded, who may qualify, 

sources of repayments, and success stories. 

305(b) Report Ground Water/Drinking Water Chapter. Report. 2000. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/features.html. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, 

States, Tribes, Congress. Topics covered: Assess Program Status, Clean Water Act/Safe 

Drinking Water Act Integration. 

The 1998 report compiles 305b ground water quality data from 37 states, 3 

territories, 4 tribes, and the District of Columbia. Ground water monitoring data 

are evaluated with positive results. Another chapter assesses drinking water 

sources through the evaluation of drinking water use data from 38 states, 

territories and tribes. This report informs Congress and the public about general 

water quality conditions in the U.S. 

The Clean Water State Revolving Fund: Financing America's Environmental 

Infrastructure -- A Report of Progress. Report. 1995. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 832-R-95-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NTIS. 

Audience: Local Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Implementing Source Water Protection, Funding Source Water Protection, Assess 

Program Status, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This report provides information on the accomplishments of the national Clean 

Water State Revolving Fund (SRF) program, the level of federal and state 

investment, how the program works, how communities benefit from the program, 

and the types of projects funded. The SRF was established under a mandate in the 

1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act. Under this innovative program, states 

created revolving loan funds to provide independent and permanent sources of 

low-cost financing for a range of environmental infrastructure projects. By 1995, 

all fifty states and Puerto Rico had set up SRF programs. 

53
Funding Ground-Water Protection: A Quick Reference to Grants Available Under 

the Clean Water Act. Guide. 1989. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 

440-6-89-004; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Wellhead Protection, Clean Water 

Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This document explains funding sources under Titles II, III, and VI of the Clean 

Water Act. 

Programmatic Guidance 

New Regulation Addressing Motor Vehicle Maintenance Facilities' Impact on 

Ground Water: U.S. EPA Region 8’s Implementation Proposal. Article. 2001. EPA 

Region 8 Ground Water Program; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.r8roc.org/EPApublic_notice__new_regulation_ad.htm. Audience: Business, 

Local Officials, General Public, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes, U.S. Forest Service, 

U.S. National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Energy, U.S. Fish & 

Wildlife, OSM, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management. Topics covered: 

Public Participation, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, Clean Water 

Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This public notice reviews the need for the new ulation and announces the 

proposed implementation plan: as the new regulations require that existing motor 

vehicle waste disposal systems be phased out in specific geographic areas 

identified by State and U.S. EPA Underground Injection Control program, for the 

states of Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, and all of Indian Country throughout 

EPA Region 8, U.S. EPA today is proposing to phase out the operation of these 

disposal systems on a state- and Indian Country-wide basis. If U.S. EPA 

implements this proposal, owners/operators, regardless of facility location, would 

have to demonstrate that their waste stream meets stringent federal drinking water 

standards as part of a permit application process OR cease discharging into the 

ground no later than January 1, 2007. 

Clean Water Action Plan - Restoring and Protecting Americas Waters . Report. 

1998. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 840-B-00-001; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.cleanwater.gov/action/. 

Audience: General Public, Topics covered: Media Information on Source Water 

Protection, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

Vice President Gore directed federal agencies to develop an action plan for clean 

water on the 25th anniversary of the 1972 Clean Water Act. This document 

represents the culmination of these efforts. 

54
SECURITY 

Technical Materials 

None. 

Outreach Materials 

Use of the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) to Implement Security 

Measures at Public Water Systems . Fact Sheet. 2001. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-02-040; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/security-fs.pdf. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, 

States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Source Water Protection, Security. 

This fact sheet discusses the types of projects that may be funded through the 

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and that will help water systems ensure 

protection of their facilities. By working with states and Drinking Water State 

Revolving Fund programs, water systems will receive assistance in identifying 

their vulnerability to security threats and vandalism. Once the threats are 

identified, water systems may take steps to ensure protection of the public health 

of their customers. 

Programmatic Guidance 

Source Water Information in Consumer Confidence Reports - EPA Guidance: State 

Implementation Guidance for the CCR Rule. Web page. 2001. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-99-088; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/ccrappx.pdf. Audience: Water Suppliers, 

States. Topics covered: Source Water Assessment Program, Security. 

This document provides guidance for States on implementation of the CCR rule, 

information on Source Water Assessment Programs (SWAPs) and Susceptibility 

Determinations, and provides more detailed information on State SWAP 

programs, wellhead protection programs and other source water information 

resources. 

FUNDING 

Includes the following topics: Source Water Assessment Funding, Source Water 

Protection Funding, Wellhead Protection Funding 

Technical Materials 

None. 

55
Outreach Materials 

Consider the Source: A Pocket Guide to Protecting Your Drinking Water: Drinking 

Water Pocket Guide #3. Guide. 2002. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 

EPA 816-K-02-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: 

Business, Local Officials, General Public. Topics covered: Source Water Assessment 

Program, Funding Source Water Assessment, Implementing Source Water Protection, 

Funding Source Water Protection. 

The Guide is third in a series of pocket-sized outreach and assistance publications 

from U.S. EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) 

designed to heighten public awareness of the importance of protecting source 

waters used for drinking water. The guide includes steps towards source water 

protection awareness, and discusses Safe Drinking Water Act history, vocabulary, 

regulations, and available tools, contacts, and resources. It briefly discusses 

Underground Injection Control and Best Management Practice issues related to 

the Safe Drinking Water Act and Source Water Assessment and Protection 

Program. 

Using the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund for Source Water Protection 

Loans . Fact Sheet. 2001. GWDW, EPA 816-F-01-039; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/landmanage.pdf. Audience: U.S. EPA 

Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Source Water Assessment, Funding 

Source Water Protection, Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. 

This fact sheet reviews the process by which funds are made available from the 

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) set-asides. These funds may be 

used to finance a variety of local land use controls and other management tools 

for source water protection. States can provide loans to water systems for 

acquiring land or conservation easements needed to protect drinking water 

sources. 

The Drinking Water SRF National Information System. Web page. 2001. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect/features.html. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, 

States. Topics covered: Funding Source Water Assessment, Funding Source Water 

Protection. 

The Drinking Water SRF National Information Management System collects 

information that provide a record of progress and accountability for the program. 

Reports on Drinking Water State Revolving Fund activity are currently available 

for state fiscal years (July-June) 1997 through 2002. These reports are available in 

a PDF format. 

56
Use of the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) to Implement Security 

Measures at Public Water Systems . Fact Sheet. 2001. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-02-040; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/security-fs.pdf. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, 

States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Source Water Protection, Security. 

This fact sheet discusses the types of projects that may be funded through the 

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and that will help water systems ensure 

protection of their facilities. By working with states and Drinking Water State 

Revolving Fund programs, water systems will receive assistance in identifying 

their vulnerability to security threats and vandalism. Once the threats are 

identified, water systems may take steps to ensure protection of the public health 

of their customers. 

Funding Class V Injection Well Closures with the Clean Water State Revolving 

Fund. Fact Sheet. 2000. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 832-F-00-

001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owm/cwfinance/cwsrf/clasvwell.pdf. Audience: Local Officials, 

U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Wellhead Protection, 

Funding Source Water Protection, Explains Underground Injection Control Regulations, 

Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This fact sheet summarizes the Class V Wells Rule Requirements and describes 

the process for soliciting funds from the CWSRF to comply with the regulations. 

The information included covers how to get a project funded, who may qualify, 

sources of repayments, and success stories. 

Drinking Water State Revolving Funds Interim Final Rule. Fact Sheet. 2000. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-00-026; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/rulefact.pdf. Audience: U.S. EPA 

Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Source Water Assessment, Drinking 

Water State Revolving Fund. 

This fact sheet announces the release of the interim final rule for the Drinking 

Water State Revolving Fund program. It also details background of the rule and 

program. 

Using DWSRF Set-Aside Funds for Source Water Protection. Fact Sheet. 2000. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-00-013; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/source.pdf. 

Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Source Water 

Protection, Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. 

This fact sheet reviews the process by which the Drinking Water State Revolving 

Fund (DWSRF) program authorizes grants to States to capitalize revolving loan 

57
funds. States then use funds to provide loan assistance to eligible public water 

systems for infrastructure improvements needed to ensure safe drinking water. 

Catalog of Federal Funding Sources for Watershed Protection, 2nd Edition. Fact 

Sheet. 1999. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 841-B-99-003; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://cfpub.epa.gov/fedfund/. Audience: Local 

Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Source Water 

Protection, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

The Catalog of Federal Funding Sources for Watershed Protection Web site is a 

searchable database of financial assistance sources (grants, loans, cost-sharing) 

available to fund a variety of watershed protection projects. The second edition of 

the document highlights federal grants and loans that may be used at the local 

level to support watershed projects, and it contains references to many other good 

publications and web sites on funding and technical assistance. 

Funds Available for Source Water Assessments and Protection. Fact Sheet. 1997. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-97-001; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Source Water Assessment, Funding 

Source Water Protection. 

Under the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act amendments, states may use a portion of 

the drinking water state revolving fund to protect both surface and underground 

sources of drinking water. Source water protection begins in local communities 

with the identification of sources of public drinking water supplies and the 

assessment of potential contamination threats to these supplies. Some of the 

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund funds can be used to fund these 

assessments. 

New Federal Funds for Land Acquisition and Conservation Easement. Fact Sheet. 

1997. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-97-010; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP* and 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/ffland.html. Audience: Local officials, General 

Public, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: Funding Source Water Protection. 

This fact sheet explains how 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act 

have made it easier for communities to purchase land or conservation easements 

to protect drinking water supplies. 

Benefits and Costs of Prevention: Case Studies of Community Wellhead Protection. 

Case Study. 1996. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-B-95-005 

EPA 813-B-95-006; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: 

Local Officials, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Wellhead Protection. 

58
Results of a study of the costs and benefits of wellhead protection. Two volumes 

provide an analysis of seven communities from around the U.S. show the wide 

array of activities that have already impaired or pose future threats to their ground 

water supply. The benefits of avoiding contamination of community drinking 

water sources are greater than the cost of implementing a local prevention 

program for wellhead protection. Results present the potential extent and range of 

benefits for a prevention program to protect community drinking water sources. 

Business Benefits of Wellhead Protection: Case Studies. Case Study. 1996. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-B-95-004; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Business, Local Officials, States. Topics covered: 

Funding Wellhead Protection. 

Business participation is a critical factor for three successful local wellhead and 

ground water protection programs in Dayton and Xenia, Ohio and Pekin, Illinois. 

They offer three different wellhead and ground water protection models, but show 

common themes for business involvement and benefits. Bottom-line benefits 

highlighted by several companies include: process changes that saved operating 

costs not previously anticipated; maintaining water quality that keep industrial 

water treatment costs down; and knowing the exact storage location of chemicals 

which keep emergency response costs down and allowed better management of 

existing chemical stocks. All companies indicated that being within the wellhead 

protection area (WHPA) caused them to be conscious of chemical use and thereby 

reduced liability from releases through better chemical management. Early 

involvement by business minimized local regulatory burden and promoted 

education and protective activities at the same time. 

The Clean Water State Revolving Fund: Financing America's Environmental 

Infrastructure -- A Report of Progress. Report. 1995. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 832-R-95-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NTIS. 

Audience: Local Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: 

Implementing Source Water Protection, Funding Source Water Protection, Assess 

Program Status, Clean Water Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This report provides information on the accomplishments of the national Clean 

Water State Revolving Fund (SRF) program, the level of federal and state 

investment, how the program works, how communities benefit from the program, 

and the types of projects funded. The SRF was established under a mandate in the 

1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act. Under this innovative program, states 

created revolving loan funds to provide independent and permanent sources of 

low-cost financing for a range of environmental infrastructure projects. By 1995, 

all fifty states and Puerto Rico had set up SRF programs. 

Compendium of Federal Financial Assistance Programs: Targeting Programs for 

State and Local Ground-Water Protection. Article. 1990. Office of Ground Water 

and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-90-008; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

59
http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, States. Topics covered: Funding Wellhead Protection. 

This compendium was compiled for local and state ground water managers (and 

others). The document identifies existing federal programs that may provide 

financial assistance for some aspects of ground water protection. 

Funding Ground-Water Protection: A Quick Reference to Grants Available Under 

the Clean Water Act. Guide. 1989. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 

440-6-89-004; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Wellhead Protection, Clean Water 

Act/Safe Drinking Water Act Integration. 

This document explains funding sources under Titles II, III, and VI of the Clean 

Water Act. 

Programmatic Guidance 

Drinking Water: State Revolving Fund Program Guidelines. Report. 1997. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-97-005; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: Local Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. 

Topics covered: Funding Wellhead Protection, Funding Source Water Assessment, 

Funding Source Water Protection. 

This guidance document provides a comprehensive description of the guidelines 

that will apply in the operation of the DWSRF. There are chapters devoted to: 

development of a capitalization grant application agreement, allotment/use of 

funds, eligible systems and projects, state/project level authorities, funding 

process, and reporting/review responsibilities. 

Guidance for Future State Ground Water Protection Grants. Program Guide. 1997. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-R-97-010; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/gwpgrt.html. 

Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, 

Funding Wellhead Protection. 

This memorandum outlines the purpose and process for states to apply for EPA 

grant funds to supplement comprehensive state ground water protection programs. 

As of the date of this memo, funds had not been appropriated for these grants, but 

the steps U.S. EPA will take are outlined. The 1992 final comprehensive 

Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Program document [100/R-93-

001] is cited. 

A State and Local Government Guide to Environmental Program Funding 

Alternatives. Guide. 1994. EPA Region 5, EPA 841-K-94-001; EPA 

60
Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf.

Audience: Local Officials, General Public, States. Topics covered: Funding Wellhead 

Protection, Funding Source Water Protection, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This booklet provides an overview of traditional funding mechanisms and 

introduces state and local governments to innovative alternatives to traditional 

funding. Though the focus is on nonpoint source pollution, funding sources and 

mechanisms can be applied to any environmental program. To answer questions 

and provide additional information, a list of contacts and references is included. 

A Handbook for State GW Managers - Using EPA Groundwater-Related Grants to 

Support the Development and Implementation of CSGWPP. Guide. 1992. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 813-B-92-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Local Officials, 

States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Wellhead Protection. 

This handbook provides a resource for state ground water managers. Topics 

include the following: Nonpoint Source Implementation; State Public Water 

System Supervision; State Underground Water Source Protection (Underground 

Injection Control); Water Pollution Control -- State and Interstate Program 

Support (106 Grants); Water Quality Management Planning; Agriculture in 

Concert with the Environment; Consolidated Pesticide Compliance Monitoring 

and Program Cooperative Agreements; Pollution Prevention Incentives for States; 

Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund; Hazardous Waste Financial 

Assistance; Underground Storage Tank Program; Leaking Underground Storage 

Tank Trust Fund; State/ U.S. EPA Data Management Financial Assistance 

Program; Environmental Education; and Multi-Media Assistance Agreements for 

Indian Tribes. 

Guidance for Applicants for State Wellhead Protection Program Assistance Funds 

under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Program Guide. 1987. Office of Ground Water 

and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-87-011; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: States. Topics covered: 

Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Funding Wellhead Protection. 

This guidance document provides procedural and technical information for 

applicants eligible to apply for federal grant funds to develop and implement 

wellhead protection programs. Complete with a glossary of terms and applicable 

regulations, this 50-page guide thoroughly explains U.S. EPA's policies and 

procedures for implementing a wellhead protection program. 

Guidance for Applicants for State Wellhead Protection Program Assistance Funds 

under the Safe Drinking Water Act - Appendix C: Wellhead Protection Program 

Applicable Regulations . Program Guide. 1987. Office of Ground Water and Drinking 

Water, EPA 440-6-87-012; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Local officials, Water 

61
Suppliers, States. Topics covered: Wellhead Protection Guidelines, Funding Wellhead 

Protection. 

Appendix C is a companion document to the guidance for state wellhead 

protection assistance fund applicants. It explains U.S. EPA regulations applicable 

to the wellhead protection program and provides the assistance application form 

needed to request a program grant. These two documents are used to develop 

approvable assistance applications and to properly administer the funds awarded 

under the wellhead protection program. 

OTHER 

Technical Materials 

Ground Water Quality in the United States: Report Findings. Report. 1998. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-98-013; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: U.S. EPA 

Regions, States. Topics covered: Assess Program Status. 

This fact sheet summarizes information found in National Water Quality 

Inventory: 1996 Report to Congress Groundwater Chapters. 

Watershed Tools Directory: A Collection of Watershed Tools. Fact sheet. 1995. 

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 841-B-95-005; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/watershed/tools/. 

Audience: Local Officials, General Public, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Education and 

Training Materials, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

The Watershed Tools Directory is a collection of 1-page summaries of tools 

compiled to help Stakeholders in finding tools to help them do watershed 

protection. The purpose of the Directory is to promote information exchange and 

to make Watershed tools more accessible. The directory contains approximately 

200 1-page summaries that provide a brief description and contact name for the 

tool. Tools were collected from U.S. EPA’s Headquarters, Regions, other Federal 

Agencies and outside organizations interested in promoting their tools. 

Technical and Economic Capacity of States and Public Water Systems to Implement 

Drinking Water Regulations: Report to Congress. Report. 1993. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 810-R-93-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, States, 

Congress. Topics covered: Assess Program Status, Assess Drinking Water Status. 

The first two sections of this report provide background on the status of drinking 

water regulations, including the following: U.S. EPA's contaminant selection and 

regulatory processes; health effects, health benefits, and costs of current 

62
regulations; and timetables for implementation. The next five sections focus on 

the capabilities of systems and states to implement drinking water regulations, 

including monitoring, installation and operation of treatment systems, reporting, 

enforcement, and data management. 

Non-Stormwater Fact Sheet: Septic Systems . Fact Sheet. No date. Stormwater 

Manager's Resource Center; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.stormwatercenter.net/Assorted%20Fact%20Sheets/Tool7-

Non_Stormwater/SepticSystems.htm. Audience: Homeowners. Topics covered: 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This septic system management guide covers practices to prevent failing septic 

systems from discharging effluent with pollutant concentrations exceeding 

established water quality standards. 

Surf Your Watershed. Web page. No date. U.S. EPA; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/surf/. Audience: Local Officials, General Public. 

Topics covered: Education and Training Materials, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

This interactive web site allows users to locate, use, and share environmental 

information about individual states and watersheds. It site provides links to the 

Adopt Your Watershed, Wetlands Restoration Projects, American Heritage Rivers 

Services, and SURF-Environmental Web sites and Databases. 

U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. Report. No 

date. U.S. Geological Survey; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/. Audience: General Public, U.S. EPA Regions, States, 

Tribes. Topics covered: Water Quality. 

The National Water Quality Assessment Program was designed to answer these 

questions: What is the condition of our Nation's streams and ground water? How 

are these conditions changing over time? How do natural features and human 

activities affect these conditions? The goal is to develop long-term, consistent, 

and comparable information on streams, ground water, and aquatic ecosystems to 

support sound management and policy decisions. 

Outreach Materials 

Drinking Water State Revolving Funds Interim Final Rule. Fact Sheet. 2000. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-00-026; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/rulefact.pdf. Audience: U.S. EPA 

Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Funding Source Water Assessment, Drinking 

Water State Revolving Fund. 

63
This fact sheet announces the release of the interim final rule for the Drinking 

Water State Revolving Fund program. It also details background of the rule and 

program. 

Waterborne Pathogens in Agricultural Watersheds. Report. 2000. Natural Resource 

Conservation Service, Water Science Institute; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available 

at: 

http://www.wsi.nrcs.usda.gov/products/waterborn-pathogens.html

Audience: Farmers, General Public. Topics covered: Contamination Sources, 

Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This publication introduces the subject of pathogenic organisms and measures 

used to reduce their transport into the environment. A multiple-barrier approach is 

recommended. This approach includes prevention of pathogen imports to the 

farm, breaking the amplification cycle on the farm, proper handling of the waste 

stream, and control of transport from the farm. On-farm measures need to include 

a veterinarian or other health care provider who can target control points for 

pathogen introduction, amplification, and export from the farm before they get 

into the environment. Although pathogen-specific practices have not been 

developed, those practices used for waste management and to control runoff help 

control pathogen transport from the farm to the watershed. 

It's Your Drinking Water: Get to Know it and Protect It! Fact Sheet. 1999. Office 

of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 810-K-99-002; EPA Developed/Funded: 

Yes. Available at: NSCEP* and http://www.epa.gov/safewater/consumer/itsyours.pdf.

Audience: General Public. Topics covered: Education and Training Materials. 

This short booklet provides public water system (PWS) consumers with 

instructions on how to locate information about the safety of their drinking water. 

Drinking Water: Pour Over the Facts. Poster. 1999. Office of Water, EPA 810-F-99-

008; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP* and 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/consumer/pour4c.pdf. Audience: General Public. Topics 

covered: Education and Training Materials. 

A poster informing the public of a new report available from water suppliers with 

information regarding water source and content. EPA’s Safe Drinking Water 

Hotline phone number and web site supplied. 

Now it Comes with a List of Ingredients. Poster. 1999. Office of Water, EPA 810-F99-007; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP* and 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/consumer/now4c.pdf. Audience: General Public. Topics 

covered: Education and Training Materials. 

64
A poster informing the public of a new report arriving from water suppliers with 

information regarding water source, content, and safety. EPA’s Safe Drinking 

Water Hotline phone number and web site supplied. 

Getting Involved in Protecting Your Community's Source of Drinking Water. Fact 

Sheet. 1997. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 816-F-97-009; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: General Public. Topics 

covered: Public Participation. 

This fact sheet describes the purpose of EPA's source water assessment program 

and opportunities for public participation in the program. 

Top Ten Watershed Lessons Learned. Report. 1997. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 840-F-97-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owow/lessons/top10.pdf. Audience: Local Officials, General Public, 

States, Tribes. Topics covered: Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This series of Watershed Lessons Learned is an attempt to identify the top lessons 

and present them in one place. It will help readers learn what works and does not 

based on past experience. Also, it will assist people in accessing important 

resources and reaching helpful contacts. that exist across the nation that can help 

them. 

Groundwater: The Hidden Resource (Grade School Poster). Poster. 1996. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 855-H-96-009; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/kids/poster.htm. Audience: Teachers. 

Topics covered: Education and Training Materials. 

The poster is part of a series on water-resources topics and are drawn in a cartoon 

format by the same artist. This poster depicts an unconfined or water-table 

aquifer. Posters are available in color or black-and-white. The reverse sides of the 

color posters contain educational activities: one version for children in grades 3-5 

and the other with activities for children in grades 6-8. 

Groundwater: The Hidden Resource (Middle School Poster). Poster. 1996. Office of 

Ground Water and Drinking Water, EPA 855-H-96-010; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. 

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/kids/poster.htm. Audience: Teachers. 

Topics covered: Education and Training Materials. 

The poster is part of a series on water-resources topics and are drawn in a cartoon 

format by the same artist. This poster depicts an unconfined or water-table 

aquifer. Posters are available in color or black-and-white. The reverse sides of the 

color posters contain educational activities: one version for children in grades 3-5 

and the other with activities for children in grades 6-8. 

65
Groundwater and Land Use in the Water Cycle. Poster. 1995. U.S. EPA, EPA 813-

H-95-002; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: General 

Public. Topics covered: Education and Training Materials. 

This poster depicts the water cycle from precipitation to surface water to ground 

water. 

Making Waves: How to Put on a Water Festival. Guide. 1993. GWF; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.groundwater.org/Catalog/Cat_MW.htm. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public. Topics covered: Public Participation, Education and Training Materials. 

"Making Waves" is an excellent resource for coordinating a water festival for 

your entire community. It offers sample fundraising letters and news releases, as 

well as several other tips for organizing a successful water education event for the 

whole family. 

Safety on Tap: A Citizen's Drinking Water Guide . Guide. 1987. LWV; EPA 

Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: $7.95 from League of Women Voters, 1730 M 

Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036. (202) 429-1965. Audience: Local officials, 

General Public. Topics covered: Education and Training Materials. 

This report, published by the League of Women Voters, addresses the quality of 

drinking water in the U.S. It contains chapters on sources of contamination; 

treatment processes; the Safe Drinking Water Act; federal, state and local 

responsibilities; treatment alternatives; water quality issues; and a guide to citizen 

action. 

Protecting Ground Water - The Hidden Resource. Article. 1984. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 440-6-84-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, Tribes. Topics covered: Education and Training Materials. 

This booklet is a collection of a dozen articles focusing on ground water issues. 

The articles reflect a broad diversity of contributing authors and include EPA's 

Ground Water Protection Strategy: a State/EPA Partnership, from the State's Point 

of View; Sources of Ground Water Contamination; and the Future of the Ground 

Water Resources. 

Science in Your Watershed. Web page. No date. U.S. Geological Survey; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: http://water.usgs.gov/wsc/. Audience: Local 

Officials, General Public, Topics covered: Education and Training Materials, Watersheds 

and Source Water Protection. 

This web site provides scientific information organized on a watershed basis. This 

information, coupled with observations and measurements made by the watershed 

66
groups, provides a powerful foundation for characterizing, assessing, analyzing, 

and maintaining the status and health of a watershed. 

Know Your Watershed. Guide. No date. Conservation Technology Information 

Center; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/KYW/. 

Audience: Local Officials, General Public, Tribes. Topics covered: Education and 

Training Materials, Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This web site is an information clearinghouse for watershed coordinators to help 

assure measurable progress toward local goals. The site contains links to 

documents, outreach and educational programs, watershed organizations, 

information networks, and other resources. 

Pesticides in Ground Water. Fact Sheet. No date. U.S. Geological Survey, National 

Water Quality Assessment Pesticide National Synthesis Project; EPA Developed/Funded: 

No. Available at: http://ca.water.usgs.gov/pnsp/gw/. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public. Topics covered: Contamination Sources, Education and Training Materials. 

This report summarizes a comprehensive analysis of existing information on 

national and regional patterns of pesticides in the atmosphere and major 

influences on their sources and transport. It is one of a four-part series that 

synthesizes current knowledge and understanding of pesticides in the nation's 

water resources. This is part of the National Water Quality Assessment. 

Your Drinking Water: Pesticides. Article. No date. Univ. Georgia College of 

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Cooperative Extension Service; EPA 

Developed/Funded: No. Available at: http://www.ces.uga.edu/pubcd/C819-6W.html. 

Audience: General Public. Topics covered: Contamination Sources, Education and 

Training Materials, Pesticides Program. 

This fact sheet provides tips for the public about the pesticides in drinking water. 

Topics include: reducing risk; checking drinking water for pesticides; and steps to 

take if your water contains pesticides. 

Frequently Asked Questions about UST and AST Systems . Web page. No date. 

South Dakota Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Ground Water 

Quality Program; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.state.sd.us/denr/DES/Ground/tanks/FAQTANK.htm. Audience: Business, 

General Public. Topics covered: Contamination Sources, Underground and Above 

ground Storage Tanks. 

This fact sheet covers in Q&A format basic information on Underground and 

Above ground Storage Tanks (USTs and ASTs). 

National Water Quality Inventory Report to Congress (305(b) Report). Report. 

1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000 (biennial report). U.S. EPA, EPA Developed/Funded: 

67
Yes. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/305b/. Audience: General Public, Congress. 

Topics covered: Water Quality Information. 

This is a biennial report that is the primary vehicle for informing Congress and the 

public about general water quality conditions in the United States. It characterizes 

water quality, identifies widespread water quality problems of national 

significance, and describes various programs implemented to restore and protect 

our waters. 

Programmatic Guidance 

A Review of Statewide Watershed Management Approaches. Report. 2002. Office 

of Water; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/approaches_fr.pdf. Audience: U.S. EPA Regions, 

States. Topics covered: Watersheds and Source Water Protection. 

This docume nt summarizes the review conducted jointly by EPA’s Office of 

Wastewater Management (OWM) and the Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and 

Watersheds (OWOW) of selected state experiences in adopting and implementing 

statewide watershed management approaches. The objectives of the review were 

threefold: (1) identify and describe the different models of statewide watershed 

management; (2) characterize and assess the experiences of selected states using 

different models for statewide watershed management; and, (3) develop 

recommendations to improve EPA’s support and states’ implementation of 

statewide watershed management. 

Above Ground Storage Tank Systems . Guide. 2000. Minnesota Pollution Control 

Agency; EPA Developed/Funded: No. Available at: 

http://www.pca.state.mn.us/cleanup/ast.html. Audience: Business, Local Officials, 

General Public. Topics covered: Contamination Sources, Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

The Above ground Storage Tank Program passed new rules in November 1998. 

These rules focus on prevention of spills and leaks, rather than containing spills 

and leaks. These rules give storage tank owners various options to prevent spills 

and leaks from occurring. These rules also provide the general requirements for 

facilities depending on their size. 

Uncovered Finished Water Reservoirs Guidance Manual. Guide. 1999. U.S. EPA, 

EPA-815-R-99-011; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: NSCEP*. Audience: 

Local Officials, Water Suppliers. Topics covered: Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection, Reservoirs. 

The purpose of this document is to provide a basic understanding of the potential 

sources of external contamination in uncovered finished water reservoirs and to 

provide guidance to water treatment operators for evaluating and maintaining 

68
water quality in these reservoirs. This document discusses: existing regulations 

and policies pertaining to uncovered reservoirs; developing a reservoir 

management plan; potential sources of water quality degradation and 

contamination; operation and maintenance of reservoirs to maintain water quality; 

and mitigating potential water quality degradation. 

Watershed Approach Framework. Report. 1996. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 840-R-96-001; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/. Audience: Local Officials, General 

Public, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

This publication explains EPA's vision for watershed approaches and builds upon 

the office of water watershed protection approach framework (endorsed by EPA 

in 1991). It emphasizes the role EPA envisions for states and tribes. It also reflects 

the high priority that individual OW programs have put on developing and 

supporting comprehensive state and Tribal watershed approach strategies that 

actively involve public and private interest at all levels to achieve environmental 

protection. 

Watershed Protection: A Project Focus . Report. 1995. Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water, EPA 841-R-95-003; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/cgi-bin/claritgw?opDisplay&document=clserv:OW:1276;&rank=4&template=epa. Audience: Local 

Officials, U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Watersheds and Source 

Water Protection. 

This document provides a blueprint for designing and implementing watershed 

projects including references and case studies for specific elements of the process. 

It illustrates how the broader principles of watershed management--including all 

relevant federal, state, Tribal, local and private activities-- can be brought to bear 

on water quality and ecological concerns. 

Watershed Protection: A State-Wide Approach. Report. 1995. Office of Ground 

Water and Drinking Water, EPA 841-R-95-004; EPA Developed/Funded: Yes. Available 

at: http://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/state/index.html. Audience: Local Officials, 

U.S. EPA Regions, States, Tribes. Topics covered: Watersheds and Source Water 

Protection. 

The Watershed Protection Approach is a strategy for effectively protecting and 

restoring aquatic ecosystems and protecting human health. This strategy has as its 

premise that many water quality and ecosystem problems are best solved at the 

watershed level rather than at the individual waterbody or discharger level. The 

Watershed Protection Approach has four major features: targeting priority 

problems, a high level of stakeholder involvement, integrated solutions that make 

use of the expertise and authority of multiple agencies, and measuring success 

69
through monitoring and other data gathering. A statewide watershed approach, as 

described in this document, is an approach to managing water quality by major 

hydrologic units. 

70