Forest Statistics for the

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern

Research Station

Resource Bulletin

SRS–87

PIEDMONT

SOUTHERN

COASTAL PLAIN

NORTHERN

COASTAL 

MOUNTAINS PLAIN

Mark J. Brown
The Author:

Mark J. Brown is a Forester with the Forest Inventory and Analysis

Research Work Unit, Southern Research Station, U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Knoxville, TN 37919.

October 2003

Southern Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

Asheville, NC 28802
Foreword

This report highlights principal findings of the seventh forest survey of the Mountains of North Carolina. The survey began in

August of 1998 with a special inventory of the forests in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Subsequently, fieldwork

began in the remaining majority of the Mountains region in July of 2000 and was completed in December of 2002. Six previous

surveys, completed in 1938, 1955, 1964, 1974, 1984, and 1990, provide statistics for measuring changes and trends over the past

64 years. This report primarily emphasizes changes and trends since 1990. It discusses the extent and condition of forest land,

associated timber volumes, and rates of timber growth, mortality, and removals.

Periodic surveys of forest resources are authorized by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978.

These surveys are a continuing, nationwide undertaking by the regional experiment stations of the U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service. In the Southern United States, the Forest Inventory and Analysis Research Work Unit (FIA) at the

Southern Research Station conducts these surveys in 13 Southern States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The FIA unit

operates from its headquarters in Knoxville, TN, and offices in Asheville, NC, and Starkville, MS. The primary objective of these

surveys is to periodically inventory and evaluate all forest and related resources. These multiresource data help provide a basis

for formulating forest policies and programs and for the orderly development and use of the resources.

Additional information about any aspect of this survey may be obtained from:

USDA Forest Service

Southern Research Station

Forest Inventory and Analysis

4700 Old Kingston Pike

Knoxville, TN 37919

Telephone: 865–862–2000

Acknowledgments

The Southern Research Station gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the North Carolina Department of Environment and

Natural Resources, Division of Forest Resources. The research was made possible through the collaborative efforts of USDA

Forest Service, FIA personnel (including those in Data Collection, Data Compilation, Analysis, and Publications Management).

We also appreciate the cooperation of other public agencies and private landowners in providing access to measurement plots.

i
Highlights.................................................................................................................................................... 1

Inventory Methods..................................................................................................................................... 2

Statistical Reliability .................................................................................................................................... 3

Definitions................................................................................................................................................... 5

Metric Equivalents ...................................................................................................................................... 9

Graphs ......................................................................................................................................................... 10

Cross Reference of Eastern Core Tables .................................................................................................... 15

Index of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ 15

Tables 1–49a ............................................................................................................................................ 17

a All tables in this report are available in Microsoft® Excel workbook files. Upon request, these files will be supplied

on 31⁄2-inch diskettes.

 The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement

by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service.

 Page

Table of Contents

iii
Figure 1—Forest survey regions in North Carolina.

Ashe Alleghany

Wilkes Watauga

Avery Mitchell Yancey Madison

Haywood Swain

Graham

Cherokee

Clay

Macon

Buncombe

Jackson Henderson Polk

Rutherford

McDowell

Caldwell

Burke

Alexander

Catawba

Lincoln ClevelandGaston

Surry

Yadkin

Iredell

Stokes

Forsyth

Rockingham Caswell Person

Davie

Mecklenburg

Union

Rowan

Cabarrus

Davidson

Guilford

Randolph

Stanly

Montgomery

Anson

l A

ma

na

ec

r O

na

eg

ar G

vn

li

el

u D

hr

ma

a V

cn eWarren

Halifax

Richmond

Moore

Chatham

Lee

Wake

Franklin

Northampton

Hertford

Harnett

Scotland

Hoke

Robeson

Cumberland

Johnston

Sampson

Columbus

Brunswick

Bladen Pender

Duplin

Nash

Wilson

Wayne

Edgecombe

Bertie

Martin

Pitt Beaufort

Greene

Lenoir

Jones

Onslow

Craven

Carteret

Pamlico

Hyde

Gates

Ch

o

w

an

Perqui- man

Pa

s

squotank

CamdeC nurrituck

WashingtonTyr er llDare

N

e

w

H

an

o

v

e

r

Transylvania

MOUNTAINS PIEDMONT

SOUTHERNCOASTAL PLAIN

NORTHERN COASTALPLAIN

iv
1

Forest Statistics for the

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Mark J. Brown

Highlights

This report summarizes results from a 2002 inventory of the

forest resources of the Mountains of North Carolina (fig. 1).

Current estimates of forest area, timberland area, related

classifications such as ownership and forest type, and

timber volumes are presented and compared with previous

values. It summarizes the average annual rates of growth,

removals, and mortality since 1990. Although the previous

and current inventories are similar in scope, they differ in

sampling design and intensity, standards and definitions,

and in methods used to determine key attributes such as

stocking, forest type, and stand-size class. Many of the

changes in methods, plot design, and sampling intensity

were necessary to increase national consistency between

Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Research Work Units.

These changes complicate the comparison of data between

surveys and make detection of genuine resource trends

difficult. However, some general comparisons are possible

where differences between inventories can be reconciled or

are considered minimal. Resource data are presented in 49

tables and 9 graphs. A summary of major findings follows.

Forest land area—Forests covered 4.2 million acres, or 74

percent of the region's land area, in 2002. Ten percent, or

400,000 acres, of these forests were classified as reserved

timberland, mostly located in the Great Smoky Mountains

National Park and national forest wilderness areas. Ninety

percent, or 3.8 million acres, of the forests in the mountains

were classified as timberland. Since 1990, the area of timberland in this 21-county region has declined by 179,000 acres.

Urban and other land uses closely followed by agriculture

were the leading factors in the net loss.

Ownership—Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners

accounted for 71 percent, or 2.7 million acres, of the timberland in the region. The NIPF owner group is composed of

individual and corporate timberland owners. Individual

ownership decreased 11 percent since 1990, from 2.5 million

acres to 2.2 million acres. Timberland under corporate ownership increased 11 percent to 474,000 acres. Public ownership

increased by 69,000 acres to 1.1 million acres. National forest

lands made up 89 percent of the public timberland. Timberland owned by forest industry declined 71 percent, from

102,000 acres in 1990 to 29,000 acres in 2002.

Forest type—Hardwood forest types accounted for 90 percent of the timberland area. Overall, area of hardwoods

declined by 1 percent and remained above 3.4 million acres.

Area of oak-hickory, the predominant forest-type group,

increased 6 percent to 2.9 million acres in 2002. The gain in

area of oak-hickory mostly offset the losses in other forest

types. For instance, area of oak-pine decreased 23 percent to

366,000 acres, and area of maple-beech-birch declined 41 percent to 116,000 acres. Area of timberland classed as a softwood forest type declined by 141,000 acres to 375,000 acres

in 2002. Softwood forest types accounted for 10 percent of

the timberland in the region, down from 13 percent in 1990.

White pine increased by 24 percent to 192,000 acres, and

now leads softwood forest types in area. In contrast, area of

yellow pine forest types decreased. Planted stands occupied

just 2 percent of the total area of timberland as of 2002.

Stand-size—Sawtimber-size stands continued to dominate

the Mountains of North Carolina. Although the area of sawtimber stands decreased by 193,000 acres to 2.4 million acres,

they still accounted for 65 percent of the timberland in this

region. Poletimber-size stands decreased as well, by 184,000

acres to 759,000 acres. Poletimber stands accounted for 20

percent of the timberland in the region. In contrast, area of

sapling-seedling size stands rose by 198,000 acres to 574,000

acres. Sapling-seedling stands accounted for 15 percent of

the timberland in the Mountains.

Stand treatment—Final harvest occurred on an average of

9,400 acres annually since 1990, down from an average of

28,000 during the 1984 to 1989 period. The predominant type

of cutting was partial harvest. Partial harvests averaged

17,000 acres annually, up from an average of 10,000 acres

annually between 1984 and 1989. New stands were established on 18,000 acres each year through reforestation and

afforestation. Natural disturbances damaged many acres

annually; the greatest of these were insects, followed by fire

and weather. Insect damage averaged 10,000 acres annually

since 1990. Fire and weather damage each averaged more

than 6,000 acres annually.

Softwood volume—Merchantable volume of softwood live

trees declined from 1.7 billion cubic feet in 1990 to 1.6 billion

cubic feet in 2002, a drop of 6 percent. White pine remained

the predominant softwood species and accounted for 52 percent of the total softwood volume. Volume of white pine increased by 21 percent to 832.9 million cubic feet. However,

most yellow pine species declined in volume as evidenced
2

by Virginia pine volume which decreased 45 percent to 220.1

million cubic feet, dropping from second in softwood

abundance to third. Eastern hemlock rose by 22 percent to

270.3 million cubic feet, and is now second in softwood

abundance. NIPF lands accounted for 75 percent of softwood volume, down 5 percent to 1.2 billion cubic feet. Public

lands had 25 percent of the softwood volume, up by 14

percent to 405.5 million cubic feet.

Hardwood volume—Hardwood live-tree volume increased 7

percent—from 7.3 billion cubic feet in 1990 to 7.8 billion

cubic feet in 2002. Hardwoods made up 83 percent of all

volume. Yellow-poplar was the predominant individual

hardwood species, followed by chestnut oak, and then soft

maple. Volume of yellow-poplar increased 39 percent to 1.8

billion cubic feet. Volume of chestnut oak rose 8 percent to

1.1 billion cubic feet. Soft maple rose 22 percent to 827.0

million cubic feet. Collectively, the remaining white oaks

accounted for 483.9 million cubic feet, down 4 percent since

1990. Collectively, the red oaks accounted for 1.4 billion

cubic feet, down 7 percent. NIPF lands accounted for 69

percent of the hardwood inventory. Hardwood inventory on

NIPF land rose by 10 percent to 5.4 billion cubic feet as of

2002. Public lands have 30 percent of the hardwood volume

and increased by 8 percent to 2.3 billion cubic feet.

Growth—Total net growth of all live trees averaged 193.6 million cubic feet annually. Hardwood net growth accounted for

81 percent of all growth. Net annual growth of hardwood live

trees increased 17 percent to 156.6 million cubic feet. NIPF

lands accounted for 75 percent of hardwood net growth and

increased 23 percent to 116.4 million cubic feet annually.

Public lands accounted for 25 percent of hardwood growth

and rose by 13 percent to 39.1 million cubic feet annually. Net

annual growth of softwood live trees decreased 16 percent to

37.0 million cubic feet annually. On NIPF lands, softwood net

annual growth was down 16 percent to 28.7 million cubic feet

per year. Softwood growth increased 4 percent on public

lands to 8.2 million cubic feet annually.

Mortality—Total mortality of all live trees averaged 101.0

million cubic feet annually since 1990. Hardwoods made up

64 percent of the mortality. Hardwood live-tree mortality in

the region was down, dropping 8 percent to 64.4 million

cubic feet per year. Mortality for all oak species combined,

amounted to 30.2 million cubic feet per year, approaching half

of the total hardwood mortality. Hardwood mortality declined

18 percent on NIPF lands to 36.2 million cubic feet annually,

whereas it rose 15 percent on public lands to 27.5 million

cubic feet annually. Increases in softwood live-tree mortality

were recorded for this inventory period, due largely to

insect-related damage from pine beetles. Annual mortality of

softwood live trees increased 62 percent to nearly 36.6

million cubic feet. Cumulatively, yellow pines accounted for

70 percent of softwood mortality. Virginia pine alone

accounted for 33 percent of the softwood mortality. Softwood mortality was up 46 percent on NIPF lands to 26.3

million cubic feet annually, and more than doubled on public

lands to 10.2 million cubic feet annually.

Removals—Total removals of all live trees averaged 100.2

million cubic feet annually. Hardwoods made up 62 percent

of the removals. Removals of hardwood live trees decreased

20 percent to 62.2 million cubic feet per year. Between 1990

and 2001, annual hardwood growth was more than double

the level of hardwood removals. NIPF owners provided 90

per-cent of the hardwood removals, while public timberland

accounted for less than 10 percent. Annual removals of

softwood live-tree volume increased 10 percent to 38.0

million cubic feet. Between 1990 and 2001, annual softwood

removals approximated softwood growth, exceeding net

annual growth by just 1.0 million cubic feet. Eighty-eight

percent of the softwood removals came from NIPF lands,

while public timberlands accounted for almost 12 percent of

softwood removals annually.

Inventory Methods

The Southern Research Station, FIA unit secured data on

forest acreage and timber volume using a three-step process.

A forest-nonforest classification using aerial photographs

was accomplished using points representing approximately

292 acres. These photo classifications were adjusted based

on ground observations at sample locations representing

approximately 5,186 acres. Finally, field measurements were

made at each of the sample locations where the plot design

sampled forest land.

The plot installed at each ground sample location was a

cluster of four points spaced 120 feet apart. Each point

served as the center of a 1/24-acre circular subplot used to

sample trees 5.0 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) and

larger. A 1/300-acre microplot, located at the subplot center,

was used to sample trees 1.0 to 4.9 inches d.b.h. and seedlings (trees less than 1.0 inch d.b.h.). These fixed-radius

sample plots were established without regard to land use or

land cover. Forest and nonforest condition classes were

delineated and recorded. Condition classes were defined by

six attributes: land use, forest type, stand origin, stand size,

forest density, and major ownership class. All trees tallied

were assigned to their respective condition class.

The cluster of four fixed plots sampled timberland at 795

ground sample locations in this unit. Estimates of timber

volume and forest classifications were derived from tree

measurements and classifications made at these locations.

Volumes for individual tally trees were computed using

equations for each of the major species in the survey unit.

The equations were developed from detailed measurements

collected from standing trees throughout the region.
3

Statistical Reliability

FIA inventories employ sampling methods designed to

achieve reliable statistics at the survey unit and State levels.

A measure of reliability of inventory statistics is provided by

sampling errors. These sampling errors mean that the chances

are two out of three that the true population value is within

the limits indicated by a confidence interval. Sampling errors

(in percent) and associated confidence intervals around the

sample estimates for timberland area, inventory volumes, and

components of change are presented in the following table.

Sampling error increases as the area or volume considered

decreases in magnitude. Sampling errors and associated

confidence intervals are often unacceptably high for small

components of the total resource. Statistical confidence may

be computed for any subdivision of survey unit or State

totals using the following formula. Sampling errors obtained

from this method are only approximations of reliability

because this process assumes constant variance across all

subdivisions of totals.

Estimates of growth, removals, and mortality were determined from the remeasurement of 591 permanent sample plots

established in the previous inventory. The plot design for

the previous inventory was based on a cluster of 10 points.

Variable plots were systematically spaced within a single

forest condition at three to five points. At each point, trees

5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger were selected for measurement on

a variable-radius plot defined by a 37.5-factor prism. Trees

less than 5.0 inches d.b.h. were tallied on a fixed-radius plot

around points 1 through 3.

where

SEs = sampling error for subdivision of survey

unit or State total,

SEt = sampling error for survey unit or State total,

Xs = sum of values for the variable of interest

(area or volume) for subdivision of survey

unit or State,

Xt = total area or volume for survey unit or State.

For example, the estimate of sampling error for softwood livetree volume on NIPF land is computed as:

Thus, the sampling error is 6.68 percent, and the resulting

confidence interval (two times out of three) for softwood livetree inventory on NIPF land is 1,193.2 ± 79.7 million cubic feet.

County statistics are provided, but users are cautioned that

the accuracy of individual county data is highly variable.

Individual county statistics are provided so any combination

of counties may be added together until the totals are large

enough to meet the desired degree of reliability. Sampling

errors for key resource items for individual counties are

provided in the following table.

= 6.68 . 

1,193.2 

9,408.2 2.38 = SE s 

, 

X s 

X t SE t = 

SE s

Item

 

Timberland (1,000 acres) 3,775.9 ± 32.2 0.85

All live (M ft 3 )

 Inventory 9,408.2 ± 224.0 2.38

 Net annual growth 193.6 ± 9.4 4.86

 Annual removals 100.2 ± 11.7 11.67

 Annual mortality 101.0 ± 5.9 5.85

Growing stock (M ft 3

)

 Inventory 8,502.3 ± 215.8 2.54

 Net annual growth 189.0 ± 9.0 4.74

 Annual removals 95.6 ± 11.3 11.79

 Annual mortality 81.8 ± 5.7 6.93

Sawtimber (M fbm )

 Inventory 30,936.9 ± 1,083.1 3.50

 Net annual growth 926.1 ± 45.5 4.91

 Annual removals 378.7 ± 46.8 12.37

 Annual mortality 266.2 ± 22.7 8.51

 Sample estimate

 and

 confidence interval

Percent

Sampling

error
4

Sampling errorsa by counties and survey unit for timberland, live trees, growing stock, and sawtimber,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Counties and Timberland Live trees Growing stock Sawtimber

survey unit area Volume Growth Removals Volume Growth Removals Volume Growth Removals

Percent

Alleghany 3.7 20.5 26.2 64.0 22.6 30.4 63.4 31.2 32.7 62.4 

Ashe 4.3 11.1 17.1 37.2 12.5 16.0 37.3 15.2 13.5 39.9 

Avery 4.6 12.1 24.4 — 12.0 23.4 — 14.7 21.2 — 

Buncombe 2.9 10.6 20.6 40.5 10.4 18.8 40.6 13.1 19.6 43.7 

Burke 2.4 10.5 15.0 29.3 10.8 14.9 29.5 14.6 17.6 31.7 

Caldwell 3.0 10.1 9.1 37.6 10.9 9.9 37.0 14.2 11.2 38.3 

Cherokee 2.4 6.7 14.1 43.5 7.1 13.3 43.7 10.5 15.9 42.1 

Clay 4.2 12.5 32.8 84.3 13.0 29.2 84.3 18.4 38.5 85.0 

Graham 4.2 9.5 20.9 90.5 9.7 19.5 90.5 14.6 22.1 100.1 

Haywood 2.9 8.7 16.9 48.4 9.5 14.7 51.1 12.9 16.9 51.1 

Henderson 3.8 10.9 35.8 55.4 11.6 33.7 55.7 15.3 27.2 63.7 

Jackson 1.6 8.9 18.6 63.7 9.8 16.8 65.3 15.7 13.8 68.3 

Macon 3.3 9.0 33.0 72.0 9.7 32.0 74.5 13.4 30.9 86.7 

Madison 3.2 12.3 47.1 67.5 13.7 49.1 67.5 16.7 33.3 67.5 

McDowell 1.8 9.7 29.4 47.6 10.3 29.5 48.1 15.0 24.3 53.1 

Mitchell 4.9 15.1 16.7 56.3 16.2 16.0 55.8 22.1 15.6 56.3 

Swain 1.7 14.5 31.2 68.9 15.0 34.2 74.8 23.8 31.8 76.9 

Transylvania 2.7 8.1 21.9 — 8.9 19.9 — 12.7 22.1 — 

Watauga 3.2 9.4 13.8 69.7 11.2 15.6 69.7 15.4 18.9 71.1 

Wilkes 2.8 9.2 17.5 27.2 9.8 17.4 27.3 13.9 18.3 28.6 

Yancey 4.3 14.4 31.9 57.8 16.5 34.1 57.8 20.8 31.1 59.9 

 Survey unit 0.9 2.4 4.9 11.7 2.5 4.7 11.8 3.5 4.9 12.4 

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell.

a By random-sampling formula.
5

D.o.b. (diameter outside bark). Stem diameter including bark.

Forest land. Land at least 10 percent stocked by forest trees

of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover, and not

currently developed for nonforest use. The minimum area

considered for classification is 1 acre. Forested strips must be

at least 120 feet wide.

Forest management type. A classification of timberland based

on forest type and stand origin.

Pine plantation. Stands that (a) have been artificially

regenerated by planting or direct seeding, (b) are classed

as a pine or other softwood forest type, and (c) have at

least 10 percent stocking.

Natural pine. Stands that (a) have not been artificially

regenerated, (b) are classed as a pine or other softwood

forest type, and (c) have at least 10 percent stocking.

Oak-pine. Stands that have at least 10 percent stocking

and classed as a forest type of oak-pine.

Upland hardwood. Stands that have at least 10 percent

stocking and classed as an oak-hickory or maple-beechbirch forest type.

Lowland hardwood. Stands that have at least 10 percent

stocking with a forest type of oak-gum-cypress, elm-ashcottonwood, palm, or other tropical.

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent stocked

with live trees.

Forest type. A classification of forest land based on the

species forming a plurality of live-tree stocking. Major eastern

forest-type groups are:

White-red-jack pine. Forests in which eastern whitepine,

red pine, or jack pine, singly or in combination, constitute a

plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include

hemlock, birch, and maple).

Spruce-fir. Forests in which spruce or true firs, singly or in

combination, constitute a plurality of the stocking.

(Common associates include maple, birch, and hemlock).

Longleaf-slash pine. Forests in which longleaf or slash

pine, singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of the

stocking. (Common associates include oak, hickory, and

gum).

Afforestation. Area of land previously classified as nonforest

that is converted to forest by planting trees or by natural

reversion to forest.

Average annual mortality. Average annual volume of trees

5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger that died from natural causes

during the intersurvey period.

Average annual removals. Average annual volume of trees

5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger removed from the inventory by

harvesting, cultural operations (such as timber-stand improvement), land clearing, or changes in land use during the

intersurvey period.

Average net annual growth. Average annual net change in

volume of trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger in the absence of

cutting (gross growth minus mortality) during the intersurvey

period.

Basal area. The area in square feet of the cross section at

breast height of a single tree or of all the trees in a stand,

usually expressed in square feet per acre.

Biomass. The aboveground fresh weight of solid wood and

bark in live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger from the ground to

the tip of the tree. All foliage is excluded. The weight of wood

and bark in lateral limbs, secondary limbs, and twigs under

0.5 inch in diameter at the point of occurrence on sapling-size

trees is included but is excluded on poletimber and

sawtimber-size trees.

Bole. That portion of a tree between a 1-foot stump and a

4-inch top d.o.b. in trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Census water. Streams, sloughs, estuaries, canals, and other

moving bodies of water 200 feet wide and greater, and lakes,

reservoirs, ponds, and other permanent bodies of water

4.5 acres in area and greater.

Commercial species. Tree species currently or potentially

suitable for industrial wood products.

D.b.h. Tree diameter in inches (outside bark) at breast height

(4.5 feet aboveground).

Diameter class. A classification of trees based on tree d.b.h.

Two-inch diameter classes are commonly used by Forest Inventory and Analysis, with the even inch as the approximate

midpoint for a class. For example, the 6-inch class includes

trees 5.0 through 6.9 inches d.b.h.

Definitions
6

Loblolly-shortleaf pine. Forests in which loblolly pine,

shortleaf pine, or other southern yellow pines, except longleaf or slash pine, singly or in combination, constitute a

plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include oak,

hickory, and gum).

Oak-pine. Forests in which hardwoods (usually upland

oaks) constitute a plurality of the stocking but in which

pines account for 25 to 50 percent of the stocking. (Common associates include gum, hickory, and yellow-poplar).

Oak-hickory. Forests in which upland oaks or hickory,

singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of the

stocking, except where pines account for 25 to 50 percent,

in which case the stand would be classified oak-pine.

(Common associates include yellow-poplar, elm, maple,

and black walnut).

Oak-gum-cypress. Bottom-land forests in which tupelo,

blackgum, sweetgum, oaks, or southern cypress, singly or

in combination, constitute a plurality of the stocking,

except where pines account for 25 to 50 percent, in which

case the stand would be classified oak-pine. (Common

associates include cottonwood, willow, ash, elm, hack

berry, and maple).

Elm-ash-cottonwood. Forests in which elm, ash, or cottonwood, singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of the

stocking. (Common associates include willow, sycamore,

beech, and maple).

Maple-beech-birch. Forests in which maple, beech, or

yellow birch, singly or in combination, constitute a plurality

of the stocking. (Common associates include hemlock, elm,

basswood, and white pine).

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent stocked

with live trees.

Forested tract size. The area of forest within the contiguous

tract containing each Forest Inventory and Analysis sample

plot.

Fresh weight. Mass of tree component at time of cutting.

Gross growth. Annual increase in volume of trees 5.0 inches

d.b.h. and larger in the absence of cutting and mortality.

(Gross growth includes survivor growth, ingrowth, growth on

ingrowth, growth on removals before removal, and growth on

mortality before death).

Growing-stock trees. Living trees of commercial species

classified as sawtimber, poletimber, saplings, and seedlings.

Trees must contain at least one 12-foot or two 8-foot logs in

the saw-log portion, currently or potentially (if too small to

qualify), to be classed as growing stock. The log(s) must meet

dimension and merchantability standards to qualify. Trees

must also have, currently or potentially, one-third of the gross

board-foot volume in sound wood.

Growing-stock volume. The cubic-foot volume of sound

wood in growing-stock trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. from a

1-foot stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top d.o.b. of the central

stem.

Hardwoods. Dicotyledonous trees, usually broadleaf and

deciduous.

Soft hardwoods. Hardwood species with an average

specific gravity of 0.50 or less, such as gums, yellowpoplar, cottonwoods, red maple, basswoods, and willows.

Hard hardwoods. Hardwood species with an average

specific gravity greater than 0.50 such as oaks, hard

maples, hickories, and beech.

Industrial wood. All roundwood products except fuelwood.

Land area. The area of dry land and land temporarily or partly

covered by water, such as marshes, swamps, and river floodplains (omitting tidal flats below mean high tide), streams,

sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than 200 feet wide, and

lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 4.5 acres in area.

Live trees. All living trees. All size classes, all tree classes,

and both commercial and noncommercial species are included.

Log grade. A classification of logs based on external characteristics indicating quality or value.

Logging residues. The unused merchantable portion of

growing-stock trees cut or destroyed during logging

operations.

Net annual change. Increase or decrease in volume of live

trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. Net annual change is equal to

net annual growth minus average annual removals.

Noncommercial species. Tree species of typically small size,

poor form, or inferior quality that normally do not develop into

trees suitable for industrial wood products.

Nonforest land. Land that has never supported forests and

land formerly forested where timber production is precluded

by development for other uses.
7

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent stocked with

live trees.

Other forest land. Forest land other than timberland and

productive reserved forest land. It includes available and

reserved forest land which is incapable of producing annually

20 cubic feet per acre of industrial wood under natural conditions, because of adverse site conditions such as sterile soils,

dry climate, poor drainage, high elevation, steepness, or

rockiness.

Other removals. The growing-stock volume of trees removed

from the inventory by cultural operations such as timber

stand improvement, land clearing, and other changes in land

use, resulting in the removal of the trees from timberland.

Ownership. The property owned by one ownership unit,

including all parcels of land in the United States.

National forest land. Federal land that has been legally

designated as national forests or purchase units, and

other land under the administration of the Forest Service,

including experimental areas and Bankhead-Jones Title III

land.

Forest industry land. Land owned by companies or

individuals operating primary wood-using plants.

Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) land. Privately owned

land excluding forest industry land.

Corporate. Owned by corporations, including incorporated farm ownerships.

Individual. All lands owned by individuals, including

farm operators.

Other public. An ownership class that includes all public

lands except national forests.

Miscellaneous Federal land. Federal land other than

national forests.

State, county, and municipal land. Land owned by

States, counties, and local public agencies or

municipalities or land leased to these governmental

units for 50 years or more.

Plant residues. Wood material generated in the production of

timber products at primary manufacturing plants.

Coarse residues. Material, such as slabs, edgings, trim,

veneer cores and ends, suitable for chipping.

Fine residues. Material, such as sawdust, shavings, and

veneer chippings, not suitable for chipping.

Plant byproducts. Residues (coarse or fine) used in the

manufacture of industrial products or for consumer use or

as fuel.

Unused plant residues. Residues (coarse or fine) not used

for any product, including fuel.

Poletimber-size trees. Softwoods 5.0 to 8.9 inches d.b.h. and

hardwoods 5.0 to 10.9 inches d.b.h.

Primary wood-using plants. Industries receiving roundwood

or chips from roundwood for the manufacture of products,

such as veneer, pulp, and lumber.

Productive-reserved forest land. Forest land sufficiently

productive to qualify as timberland but withdrawn from timber utilization through statute or administrative regulation.

Reforestation. Area of land previously classified as forest that is

regenerated by planting trees or natural regeneration.

Rotten trees. Live trees of commercial species not containing at

least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous saw logs, each

8 feet or longer, now or prospectively, primarily because of rot or

missing sections, and with less than one-third of the gross

board-foot tree volume in sound material.

Rough trees. Live trees of commercial species not containing at

least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous saw logs, each

8 feet or longer, now or prospectively, primarily because of

roughness, poor form, splits, and cracks, and with less than

one-third of the gross board-foot tree volume in sound material;

and live trees of noncommercial species.

Roundwood (roundwood logs). Logs, bolts, or other round

sections cut from trees for industrial or consumer uses.

Roundwood chipped. Any timber cut primarily for pulpwood,

delivered to nonpulpmills, chipped, and then sold to pulpmills as residues, including chipped tops, jump sections,

whole trees, and pulpwood sticks.

Roundwood products. Any primary product such as lumber,

poles, pilings, pulp, or fuelwood, that is produced from

roundwood.
8

Stand age. The average age of dominant and codominant

trees in the stand.

Stand origin. A classification of forest stands describing their

means of origin.

Planted. Planted or artificially seeded.

Natural. No evidence of artificial regeneration.

Stand-size class. A classification of forest land based on the

diameter class distribution of live trees in the stand.

Sawtimber stands. Stands at least 10 percent stocked with

live trees, with half or more of total stocking in sawtimber

and poletimber trees, and with sawtimber stocking at least

equal to poletimber stocking.

Poletimber stands. Stands at least 10 percent stocked with

live trees, of which half or more of total stocking is in

poletimber and sawtimber trees, and with poletimber

stocking exceeding that of sawtimber.

Sapling-seedling stands. Stands at least 10 percent

stocked with live trees of which more than half of total

stocking is saplings and seedlings.

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent stocked

with live trees.

Stocking. The degree of occupancy of land by trees, measured by basal area or the number of trees in a stand and

spacing in the stand, compared with a minimum standard,

depending on tree size, required to fully utilize the growth

potential of the land.

Density of trees and basal area per acre required for full

stocking

D.b.h. Trees per acre Basal area

class for full stocking per acre

Seedlings 600 —

2 560 —

4 460 —

6 340 67

8 240 84

10 155 85

12 115 90

14 90 96

16 72 101

18 60 106

20 51 111

Salvable dead trees. Standing or downed dead trees that were

formerly growing stock and considered merchantable. Trees

must be at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. to qualify.

Saplings. Live trees 1.0 to 5.0 inches d.b.h.

Saw log. A log meeting minimum standards of diameter,

length, and defect, including logs at least 8 feet long, sound

and straight, with a minimum diameter inside bark for softwoods of 6 inches (8 inches for hardwoods).

Saw-log portion. The part of the bole of sawtimber trees

between a 1-foot stump and the saw-log top.

Saw-log top. The point on the bole of sawtimber trees above

which a conventional saw log cannot be produced. The

minimum saw-log top is 7.0 inches d.o.b. for softwoods and

9.0 inches d.o.b. for hardwoods.

Sawtimber-size trees. Softwoods 9.0 inches d.b.h. and larger

and hardwoods 11.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Sawtimber volume. Growing-stock volume in the saw-log

portion of sawtimber-size trees in board feet (International

1/4-inch rule).

Seedlings. Trees less than 1.0 inch d.b.h. and greater than

1 foot tall for hardwoods, greater than 6 inches tall for softwood, and greater than 0.5 inch in diameter at ground level for

longleaf pine.

Select red oaks. A group of several red oak species composed of cherrybark, Shumard, and northern red oaks. Other

red oak species are included in the "other red oaks" group.

Select white oaks. A group of several white oak species composed of white, swamp chestnut, swamp white, chinkapin,

Durand, and bur oaks. Other white oak species are included in

the "other white oaks" group.

Site class. A classification of forest land in terms of potential

capacity to grow crops of industrial wood based on fully

stocked natural stands.

Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, having leaves

that are needles or scalelike.

Yellow pines. Loblolly, longleaf, slash, pond, shortleaf,

pitch, Virginia, sand, spruce, and Table Mountain pines.

Other softwoods. Cypress, eastern redcedar, white-cedar,

eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, spruce, and fir.
9

Timberland. Forest land capable of producing 20 cubic feet of

industrial wood per acre per year and not withdrawn from

timber utilization.

Timber products. Roundwood products and byproducts.

Tree. Woody plants having one erect perennial stem or trunk

at least 3 inches d.b.h., a more or less definitely formed crown

of foliage, and a height of at least 13 feet (at maturity).

Tree grade. A classification of the saw-log portion of sawtimber trees based on: (1) the grade of the butt log or (2) the

ability to produce at least one 12-foot or two 8-foot logs in

the upper section of the saw-log portion. Tree grade is an

indicator of quality; grade 1 is the best quality.

Upper-stem portion. The part of the main stem or fork of

sawtimber trees above the saw-log top to minimum top

diameter 4.0 inches outside bark or to the point where the

main stem or fork breaks into limbs.

Volume of live trees. The cubic-foot volume of sound wood

in live trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. from a 1-foot stump to a

minimum 4.0-inch top d.o.b. of the central stem.

Volume of saw-log portion of sawtimber trees. The cubic-foot

volume of sound wood in the saw-log portion of saw-timber

trees. Volume is the net result after deductions for rot, sweep,

and other defects that affect use for lumber.

1 acre = 4,046.86 square meters or 0.404686 hectare

1 cubic foot = 0.028317 cubic meter

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters or 0.0254 meter

Breast height = 1.4 meters above the ground

1 square foot = 929.03 square centimeters or 0.0929 square meter

1 square foot per acre basal area = 0.229568 square meter per hectare

1 pound = 0.454 kilogram

1 ton = 0.907 metric ton

Metric Equivalents
10

Figure 3—Area of timberland by forest-type group and stand origin, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

Figure 2—Distribution of timberland by ownership class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002.

Graphs

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

Forest-type group

Million acres

Natural

Planted

White pinehemlock

Loblollyshortleaf

SprucefirOakpineOakhickoryElm-ashcottonwoodMaplebeech-birchNonstocked

1990 2002

1990

1990

1990

1990

1990

1990

2002 1990

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

Forest 

industry

1%

National 

forest

25%

Other 

public

3%

Nonindustrial 

private

71%

3.8 Million acres
11

Figure 4—Area of timberland by stand-size class and stand origin, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

Figure 5—Volume of live trees on timberland by species group and stand origin, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Stand-size class

Million acres

 Natural

 Planted

1990

1990

1990

2002

2002

 Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling-seedling Nonstocked

1990

2002

2002

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Billion cubic feet

 Natural

 Planted

1990 2002 1990 2002

Softwood Hardwood
12

Figure 6—Distribution of softwood live-tree volume by ownership class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002.

Figure 7—Distribution of hardwood live-tree volume by ownership class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002.

National

forest

27%

Nonindustrial

private

69%

Other

 public

3%

Forest

 industry

1%

7.8 Billion cubic feet

Other 

public

2%

Nonindustrial 

private

75%

National

 forest

23%

Forest

 industry

< 1%

1.6 Billion cubic feet
13

Figure 8—Volume of softwood live trees on timberland by diameter class, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

Figure 9—Volume of hardwood live trees on timberland by diameter class, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

0

100

200

300

400

500

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20+

Diameter class (inches)

Million cubic feet

1990

2002

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20+

Diameter class (inches)

Million cubic feet

1990

2002
14

Figure 10—Average net annual growth and removals of live trees on timberland by species group and stand origin,

Mountains of North Carolina, 1984–1989 and 1990–2001.

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

Million cubic feet

 Natural

 Planted

Softwood

Hardwood

 Net growth Removals

1984– 

1989

1990– 

2001

1990– 

2001

1984– 

1989

1990– 

2001

1984– 

1989

1990– 

2001

1984– 

1989

 Net growth Removals
15

Index of Tables

1. Land area by county and land class

2. Area of forest land by forest-type group and ownership

class

3. Area of timberland by county and ownership class

4. Area of timberland by county and forest-type group

5. Area of timberland by county and stand-size class

6. Area of timberland by county and site class

7. Area of timberland by county and stocking class of

growing-stock trees

8. Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand origin,

and ownership class

9. Area of timberland by forest-type group, detailed forest

type, and ownership class

10. Area of timberland by ownership and stocking class of

growing-stock trees

11. Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand

origin, and stand-size class

12. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, all ownerships

13. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, public ownerships

14. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, forest industry ownerships

15. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, nonindustrial private ownerships

16. Area of nonindustrial private timberland by ownership,

forested tract-size class, and forest management type

17. Number of live trees on timberland by species and

diameter class

18. Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by

species and diameter class

19. Volume of live trees on timberland by species and

diameter class

20. Volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species

and diameter class

Cross Reference of Eastern Core Tables

Core Core

table table

1 1 14 22

2 3 15 24, 26

3 4 16 27

4 5 17 28

5 6 18 32, 34

6 7 19 35, 37

7 8 20 38

8 10 21 38

9 11 22 40

10 17 23 41

11 18 24 43

12 20 25 23

13 21

Corresponding table

number in this report

Corresponding table

number in this report
16

21. Volume in the saw-log portion of sawtimber trees on

timberland by species and diameter class

22. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species and

diameter class

23. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species, size

class, and tree grade

24. Volume of growing stock on timberland by county and

species group

25. Volume of live trees on timberland by county and

species group

26. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by county and

species group

27. Volume of timber on timberland by class of timber and

species group

28. Volume of live and growing-stock trees on timberland

by ownership class and species group

29. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by ownership class,

species group, and size class

30. Volume of growing stock on timberland by forest-type

group, stand origin, and species group

31. Average basal area of live trees per acre on timberland

by ownership class, species group, and d.b.h.

32. Average net annual growth of growing stock on

timberland by county and species group

33. Average net annual growth of live trees on timberland

by county and species group

34. Average net annual growth of sawtimber on timberland

by county and species group

35. Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by county and species group

36. Average annual removals of live trees on timberland

by county and species group

37. Average annual removals of sawtimber on timberland

by county and species group

38. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of live trees, growing stock, and sawtimber

on timberland by species

39. Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by species and diameter class

40. Average annual mortality of live trees, growing stock,

and sawtimber on timberland by species

41. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of growing stock on timberland by ownership

class and species group

42. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of live trees on timberland by ownership

class and species group

43. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of sawtimber on timberland by ownership

class and species group

44. Average net annual growth of growing stock on

timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and

species group

45. Average annual removals of growing stock on

timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and

species group

46. Fresh weight of live trees on timberland by ownership

class, species group, and tree component

47. Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and

retained in timberland by treatment or disturbance

and ownership class

48. Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and

retained in timberland by treatment or disturbance

and forest management type

49. Area of timberland regenerated annually by type of

regeneration and forest management type
17

Table 1óLand area by county and land class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Forest land

 Total land Total Productive Other

County areaa forest Timberland reserved Other landb

 Thousand acres

Alleghany 150.2 77.0 68.1 8.8 ó 73.2 

Ashe 272.7 169.2 166.6 2.6 ó 103.5 

Avery 158.1 137.2 132.8 4.4 ó 20.9 

Buncombe 420.0 263.6 258.0 5.6 ó 156.4 

Burke 324.3 215.7 188.6 27.1 ó 108.6 

Caldwell 301.9 226.9 226.8 0.2 ó 74.9 

Cherokee 291.3 239.7 239.4 0.3 ó 51.6 

Clay 137.4 101.2 94.0 7.1 ó 36.2 

Graham 186.9 167.8 154.5 13.3 ó 19.2 

Haywood 354.5 282.5 194.8 87.7 ó 72.0 

Henderson 239.3 118.6 118.0 0.6 ó 120.6 

Jackson 314.0 247.0 239.5 7.6 ó 66.9 

Macon 330.5 259.8 245.3 7.3 7.3 70.7 

Madison 287.6 227.7 227.7 ó ó 59.9 

McDowell 282.7 233.3 231.5 1.8 ó 49.3 

Mitchell 141.7 115.0 114.4 0.6 ó 26.8 

Swain 338.0 301.2 87.9 213.3 ó 36.8 

Transylvania 242.2 206.8 199.3 7.6 ó 35.3 

Watauga 200.0 137.5 128.7 8.8 ó 62.5 

Wilkes 484.6 328.8 312.2 16.6 ó 155.8 

Yancey 200.0 151.9 147.8 4.1 ó 48.1 

 Total 5,658.0 4,208.6 3,775.9 425.4 7.3 1,449.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

a From the U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1990.

b Includes 25.6 thousand acres of water according to Forest Inventory and Analysis standards of area 

classification, but defined by the Bureau of Census as land.
18

Table 2óArea of forest land by forest-type group and ownership class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class

 All National Miscellaneous County and Forest Nonindustrial

Forest-type group classes forest Federal State municipal industry private

White-red-jack pine 237.8 44.9 1.7 4.8 ó ó 186.3 

Spruce-fir 41.1 9.2 25.4 ó ó ó 6.4 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 130.6 12.7 6.9 ó ó ó 111.0 

Oak-pine 384.3 69.0 6.2 24.8 0.1 ó 284.2 

Oak-hickory 3,262.6 846.3 250.9 64.2 50.3 29.2 2,021.7 

Elm-ash-cottonwood 2.8 ó ó ó ó ó 2.8 

Maple-beech-birch 46.1 149.4 24.3 ó ó ó 79.0 

 Total 4,208.6 1,028.1 315.5 93.9 50.4 29.2 2,691.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding. 

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand acres

Table 3óArea of timberland by county and ownership class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class

 All National Miscellaneous County and Forest Nonindustrial private

County classes forest Federal municipal industry

Alleghany 68.1 ó ó ó ó ó 6.2 61.9 

Ashe 166.6 0.3 ó 5.9 ó ó 17.8 142.6 

Avery 132.8 27.8 ó ó ó ó 36.1 68.9 

Buncombe 258.0 31.3 ó ó 36.8 ó 27.2 162.7 

Burke 188.6 35.7 ó 12.1 ó ó 33.9 106.9 

Caldwell 226.8 49.3 ó ó ó ó 20.6 156.9 

Cherokee 239.4 92.4 ó ó ó ó 18.8 128.2 

Clay 94.0 58.3 ó ó ó ó 5.4 30.4 

Graham 154.5 98.2 ó ó ó ó 3.3 53.0 

Haywood 194.8 41.1 ó 6.0 4.8 ó 22.9 120.0 

Henderson 118.0 17.1 ó 9.3 ó ó 10.9 80.6 

Jackson 239.5 71.0 ó ó 3.1 ó 57.7 107.6 

Macon 245.3 142.7 ó ó ó ó 12.4 90.2 

Madison 227.7 54.7 ó ó ó ó 6.0 167.0 

McDowell 231.5 67.9 ó ó ó 12.4 49.6 101.5 

Mitchell 114.4 18.4 ó ó ó 7.4 29.8 58.8 

Swain 87.9 21.8 ó ó ó 5.6 16.9 43.6 

Transylvania 199.3 79.3 ó 16.1 5.4 ó 19.3 79.3 

Watauga 128.7 0.4 ó ó ó ó 36.4 91.9 

Wilkes 312.2 ó ó 12.2 ó 3.7 16.6 279.6 

Yancey 147.8 35.9 ó ó ó ó 25.8 86.1 

 Total 3,775.9 943.6 ó 61.6 50.0 29.2 473.5 2,218.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 State Corporate Individual

Thousand acres
19

Table 4óArea of timberland by county and forest-type group, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Forest-type group

 All Spruce- Oak- Elm-ash- Maple-beechCounty groups jack pine fir pine cottonwood birch Nonstocked

Alleghany 68.1 23.2 ó ó 5.5 39.4 ó ó ó 

Ashe 166.6 18.3 ó ó 8.1 140.2 ó ó ó 

Avery 132.8 10.5 ó ó 4.6 93.3 ó 24.3 ó 

Buncombe 258.0 9.2 ó 5.5 19.4 223.9 ó ó ó 

Burke 188.6 35.3 ó 26.7 19.6 106.9 ó ó ó 

Caldwell 226.8 14.6 ó 21.6 57.7 132.8 ó ó ó 

Cherokee 239.4 23.5 ó 13.6 31.8 166.1 ó 4.4 ó 

Clay 94.0 2.9 ó 4.9 6.7 79.5 ó ó ó 

Graham 154.5 8.0 ó ó 4.6 135.0 ó 6.8 ó 

Haywood 194.8 8.9 3.7 4.8 9.6 167.7 ó ó ó 

Henderson 118.0 6.6 ó ó 11.0 100.4 ó ó ó 

Jackson 9.3 239.5 5.5 1.3 ó 207.3 ó 16.1 ó 

Macon 245.3 1.4 ó 3.3 38.0 195.5 ó 7.1 ó 

Madison 227.7 15.7 ó 5.1 22.0 179.9 ó 5.0 ó 

McDowell 231.5 9.9 ó 12.2 27.2 182.3 ó ó ó 

Mitchell 114.4 4.2 ó ó 5.6 75.0 ó 29.6 ó 

Swain 87.9 ó ó 8.5 ó 79.4 ó ó ó 

Transylvania 199.3 14.3 ó ó 26.0 159.0 ó ó ó 

Watauga 128.7 0.8 6.4 ó 3.2 103.6 ó 14.7 ó 

Wilkes 312.2 16.3 ó 16.2 65.1 211.7 2.8 ó ó 

Yancey 147.8 3.0 ó ó ó 137.2 ó 7.6 ó 

 Total 3,775.9 236.0 15.7 123.7 365.9 2,916.3 2.8 115.6 ó 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand acres

 Loblolly-

 shortleaf

 White-red- Oak-

 hickory
20

Table 5óArea of timberland by county and stand-size class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Stand-size class

All SaplingCounty classes Sawtimber Poletimber seedling

Alleghany 68.1 30.3 17.0 20.8 ó 

Ashe 166.6 116.3 26.6 23.7 ó 

Avery 132.8 101.1 10.7 21.1 ó 

Buncombe 258.0 198.1 28.5 31.4 ó 

Burke 188.6 84.1 53.4 51.1 ó 

Caldwell 226.8 110.6 57.1 59.0 ó 

Cherokee 239.4 116.5 75.0 48.0 ó 

Clay 94.0 47.7 40.4 5.9 ó 

Graham 154.5 104.0 32.3 18.2 ó 

Haywood 194.8 144.4 29.6 20.9 ó 

Henderson 118.0 80.5 22.5 14.9 ó 

Jackson 239.5 159.3 77.5 2.7 ó 

Macon 245.3 194.8 17.7 32.8 ó 

Madison 227.7 136.2 33.2 58.3 ó 

McDowell 231.5 151.2 34.2 46.1 ó 

Mitchell 114.4 83.3 15.7 15.4 ó 

Swain 87.9 44.0 30.6 13.2 ó 

Transylvania 199.3 148.1 43.5 7.6 ó 

Watauga 128.7 107.2 15.9 5.6 ó 

Wilkes 312.2 173.4 76.9 61.9 ó 

Yancey 147.8 111.4 21.1 15.4 ó 

 Total 3,775.9 2,442.5 759.3 574.1 ó 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Nonstocked

Thousand acres
21

Table 6óArea of timberland by county and site class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

 All Site class (cubic feet/acre/year)

County classes 20ñ49 50ñ84 85ñ119 120ñ164 >165

Alleghany 68.1 1.5 24.8 24.8 17.0 ó 

Ashe 166.6 35.6 61.2 36.8 28.3 4.7 

Avery 132.8 13.3 62.4 37.9 19.2 ó 

Buncombe 258.0 34.0 117.7 54.4 43.3 8.6 

Burke 188.6 12.1 55.6 70.9 46.1 3.9 

Caldwell 226.8 41.4 73.8 49.0 55.5 7.1 

Cherokee 239.4 34.4 71.8 66.1 67.2 ó 

Clay 94.0 30.5 14.3 37.5 11.7 ó 

Graham 154.5 22.6 44.5 52.0 35.5 ó 

Haywood 194.8 30.2 64.2 61.3 34.4 4.8 

Henderson 118.0 20.8 55.9 28.3 10.5 2.5 

Jackson 239.5 75.3 113.4 30.5 14.8 5.5 

Macon 245.3 59.1 91.6 61.3 20.6 12.7 

Madison 227.7 17.1 75.8 74.3 55.5 5.1 

McDowell 231.5 56.9 94.1 40.8 33.1 6.6 

Mitchell 114.4 20.6 30.7 39.1 24.0 ó 

Swain 87.9 25.9 33.8 22.5 5.6 ó 

Transylvania 199.3 76.8 39.1 51.7 31.7 ó 

Watauga 128.7 41.2 49.6 18.6 19.3 ó 

Wilkes 312.2 26.5 105.0 125.7 50.2 4.8 

Yancey 147.8 38.4 54.4 45.0 10.1 ó 

 Total 3,775.9 714.1 1,333.5 1,028.4 633.5 66.3 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand acres
22

Table 7óArea of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock trees, 

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

 All Stocking class (percent ) 

County classes <16.7 16.7ñ59 60ñ99 100ñ130 >130

Alleghany 68.1 ó 3.1 32.5 4.6 27.9 

Ashe 166.6 8.9 16.6 74.0 64.1 3.0 

Avery 132.8 1.5 16.6 57.8 41.8 15.2 

Buncombe 258.0 ó 33.4 66.7 116.7 41.1 

Burke 188.6 7.5 15.0 80.3 57.5 28.3 

Caldwell 226.8 2.0 42.5 48.5 95.1 38.6 

Cherokee 239.4 ó 21.4 94.0 85.6 38.4 

Clay 94.0 ó 21.4 54.6 14.3 3.7 

Graham 154.5 0.1 9.6 55.5 61.4 27.9 

Haywood 194.8 2.4 15.8 66.5 68.5 41.6 

Henderson 118.0 1.8 10.8 39.6 56.6 9.3 

Jackson 239.5 1.3 61.0 88.9 73.7 14.6 

Macon 245.3 2.2 20.6 108.0 92.3 22.1 

Madison 227.7 15.7 46.2 84.0 59.8 22.0 

McDowell 231.5 4.6 16.8 92.0 65.9 52.2 

Mitchell 114.4 ó 13.6 53.0 23.1 24.7 

Swain 87.9 ó 22.8 34.0 18.3 12.7 

Transylvania 199.3 0.7 27.0 94.4 51.4 25.8 

Watauga 128.7 6.4 9.6 37.4 49.0 26.2 

Wilkes 312.2 6.3 38.4 119.9 111.0 36.7 

Yancey 147.8 10.3 23.8 77.6 18.2 18.0 

 Total 3,775.9 71.8 485.9 1,459.4 1,228.8 530.1 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand acres
23

Table 8óArea of timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and ownership class,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class

Forest-type group All Other Forest Nonindustrial

and stand origin classes public industry private

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted 58.0 2.6 4.8 ó 50.6 

 Natural 178.0 42.3 ó ó 135.7 

 Total 236.0 44.9 4.8 ó 186.3 

 Spruce-fir

 Planted ó ó ó ó ó 

 Natural 15.7 9.2 ó ó 6.4 

 Total 15.7 9.2 ó ó 6.4 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted 16.7 ó ó ó 16.7 

 Natural 107.0 12.7 ó ó 94.3 

 Total 123.7 12.7 ó ó 111.0 

 Total softwoods 375.4 66.8 4.8 ó 303.8 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted 6.3 ó ó ó 6.3 

 Natural 359.6 67.2 14.5 ó 277.9 

 Total 365.9 67.2 14.5 ó 284.2 

 Oak-hickory 2,916.3 773.0 92.4 29.2 2,021.7 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood 2.8 ó ó ó 2.8 

 Maple-beech-birch 36.5 115.6 ó ó 79.0 

 Total hardwoods 3,400.5 876.8 106.9 29.2 2,387.7 

Nonstocked ó ó ó ó ó 

All groups 943.6 3,775.9 111.7 29.2 2,691.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

National

forest

Thousand acres
24

Table 9óArea of timberland by forest-type group, detailed forest type, and ownership class,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class

Forest-type group All National Other Forest Nonindustrial

and detailed forest type classes forest public industry private

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 White pine 191.8 32.9 4.8 ó 154.1 

 White pine-hemlock 30.7 9.5 ó ó 21.1 

 Hemlock 13.6 2.4 ó ó 11.2 

 Total 236.0 44.9 4.8 ó 186.3 

 Spruce-fir

 Red spruce-balsam fir 15.7 9.2 ó ó 6.4 

 Total 15.7 9.2 ó ó 6.4 

 Loblolly-shortleaf

 Loblolly pine 16.3 2.9 ó ó 13.4 

 Shortleaf pine 14.2 ó ó ó 14.2 

 Virginia pine 75.1 4.6 ó ó 70.5 

 Pitch pine 12.9 ó ó ó 12.9 

 Table Mountain pine 5.2 5.2 ó ó ó 

 Total 123.7 12.7 ó ó 111.0 

 Total softwoods 375.4 66.8 4.8 ó 303.8 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 White pine-n. red oak-white ash 190.3 44.6 14.5 ó 131.2 

 Shortleaf pine-oak 37.5 3.9 ó ó 33.6 

 Virginia pine-s. red oak 64.3 9.6 ó ó 54.7 

 Other oak-pine 73.9 9.1 ó ó 64.8 

 Total 365.9 67.2 14.5 ó 284.2 

 Oak-hickory

 Post oak-black oak 14.2 ó ó ó 14.2 

 Chestnut oak 320.4 84.6 19.3 12.4 204.2 

 White oak-red oak-hickory 284.5 75.3 11.0 ó 198.2 

 White oak 3.7 ó ó ó 3.7 

 N. red oak 19.2 4.8 ó ó 14.3 

 Yellow-poplar-white oak-n. red oak 658.1 137.8 7.6 3.7 508.9 

 Sweetgum-yellow-poplar 23.1 ó 1.2 ó 21.9 

 Mixed hardwood 1,593.1 470.5 53.2 13.1 1,056.3 

 Total 2,916.3 773.0 92.4 29.2 2,021.7 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood

 River birch-sycamore 2.8 ó ó ó 2.8 

 Total 2.8 ó ó ó 2.8 

 Maple-beech-birch

 Sugar maple-beech-yellow birch 115.6 36.5 ó ó 79.0 

 Total 115.6 36.5 ó ó 79.0 

 Total hardwoods 3,400.5 876.8 106.9 29.2 2,387.7 

Nonstocked ó ó ó ó ó 

All groups 943.6 3,775.9 111.7 29.2 2,691.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand acres
25

Table 10óArea of timberland by ownership and stocking class of growing-stock trees,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

All Stocking class (percent ) 

Ownership class classes <16.7 60ñ99 100ñ130 >130

Thousand acres

National forest 943.6 16.1 116.1 373.0 319.6 118.8 

Other public 111.7 2.0 9.6 42.4 50.9 6.7 

Forest industry 29.2 ó 7.5 15.5 6.2 ó 

Nonindustrial private 2,691.5 53.7 352.8 1,028.5 852.1 404.5 

 All ownerships 3,775.9 71.8 485.9 1,459.4 1,228.8 530.1 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 16.7ñ59

Table 11óArea of timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and stand-size class,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Stand-size class

Forest-type group All Saplingand stand origin classes Sawtimber Poletimber seedling Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted 58.0 29.8 9.5 18.8 ó 

 Natural 178.0 132.3 19.8 25.9 ó 

 Total 236.0 162.1 29.3 44.7 ó 

 Spruce-fir

 Planted ó ó ó ó ó 

 Natural 15.7 5.5 10.2 ó ó 

 Total 15.7 5.5 10.2 ó ó 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted 16.7 1.3 13.7 1.7 ó 

 Natural 107.0 63.4 22.9 20.7 ó 

 Total 123.7 64.7 36.6 22.5 ó 

 Total softwoods 375.4 232.2 76.0 67.2 ó 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted 6.3 ó 3.0 3.3 ó 

 Natural 359.6 234.3 64.0 61.3 ó 

 Total 365.9 234.3 67.0 64.6 ó 

 Oak-hickory 2,916.3 1,905.1 583.8 427.5 ó 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood 2.8 ó 2.8 ó ó 

 Maple-beech-birch 115.6 70.9 29.8 14.8 ó 

 Total hardwoods 3,400.5 2,210.3 683.3 506.9 ó 

Nonstocked ó ó ó ó ó 

All groups 2,442.5 3,775.9 759.3 574.1 ó 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
26

Table 12óArea of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, all ownerships,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Stand-age All Oak- Upland

class types pine hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0ñ10 153.2 6.1 19.8 9.9 117.4 ó ó 

11ñ20 257.3 35.8 17.7 25.9 177.9 ó ó 

21ñ30 166.2 17.7 9.8 39.5 99.2 ó ó 

31ñ40 240.0 8.7 51.0 39.9 140.4 ó ó 

41ñ50 464.2 6.5 52.3 41.8 360.7 2.8 ó 

51ñ60 604.9 ó 69.0 67.8 468.1 ó ó 

61ñ70 635.8 ó 45.0 50.8 540.0 ó ó 

71ñ80 536.9 ó 21.6 58.8 456.5 ó ó 

81+ 717.5 ó 14.5 31.5 671.6 ó ó 

 All classes 3,775.9 74.8 300.7 365.9 3,031.8 2.8 ó 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Pine

plantation

 Lowland 

 hardwood

 Natural

 pine

Table 13óArea of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, public ownerships,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Stand-age All Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

class types pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0ñ10 17.8 ó 3.6 ó 14.2 ó ó 

11ñ20 62.8 1.4 3.6 9.8 48.0 ó ó 

21ñ30 26.9 ó ó 13.2 13.7 ó ó 

31ñ40 33.9 ó 8.4 ó 25.5 ó ó 

41ñ50 77.4 6.0 9.9 7.6 53.9 ó ó 

51ñ60 125.9 ó 20.3 16.5 89.1 ó ó 

61ñ70 190.2 ó 9.7 7.9 172.7 ó ó 

71ñ80 146.6 ó 4.1 12.0 130.4 ó ó 

81+ 373.8 ó 4.7 14.7 354.4 ó ó 

 All classes 1,055.2 7.4 64.2 81.7 902.0 ó ó 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Pine

plantation
27

Table 14óArea of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, forest industry

ownerships, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Stand-age All Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

class types pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years

0ñ10 1.9 ó ó ó 1.9 ó ó 

11ñ20 ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

21ñ30 ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

31ñ40 ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

41ñ50 ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

51ñ60 6.2 ó ó ó 6.2 ó ó 

61ñ70 ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

71ñ80 11.8 ó ó ó 11.8 ó ó 

81+ 9.4 ó ó ó 9.4 ó ó 

 All classes 29.2 ó ó ó 29.2 ó ó 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Pine

plantation

 Thousand acres

Table 15óArea of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, nonindustrial private 

ownerships, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Stand-age All Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

class types pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0ñ10 133.5 6.1 16.2 9.9 101.3 ó ó 

11ñ20 194.5 34.4 14.1 16.1 129.9 ó ó 

21ñ30 139.3 17.7 9.8 26.3 85.5 ó ó 

31ñ40 206.1 8.7 42.6 39.9 114.9 ó ó 

41ñ50 386.8 0.5 42.4 34.3 306.9 2.8 ó 

51ñ60 472.8 ó 48.8 51.3 372.7 ó ó 

61ñ70 445.6 ó 35.3 43.0 367.3 ó ó 

71ñ80 378.5 ó 17.4 46.8 314.3 ó ó 

81+ 334.4 ó 9.7 16.8 307.9 ó ó 

 All classes 2,691.5 67.3 236.5 284.2 2,100.7 2.8 ó 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Pine

plantation
28

Table 16óArea of nonindustrial private timberland by ownership, forested tract-size class, and

forest management type, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Ownership and forested All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland

tract-size class types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Acres

Individual

≤ 10 4.6 388.3 40.6 52.4 290.7 ó ó 

11ñ50 716.4 23.7 80.1 108.5 501.2 2.8 ó 

51ñ100 495.8 6.2 31.5 31.1 427.0 ó ó 

101ñ200 316.3 4.7 19.2 49.5 242.9 ó ó 

201ñ500 192.2 ó 17.7 3.3 171.2 ó ó 

≥ 501 ó 109.0 ó 11.8 97.2 ó ó 

 Total 2,218.0 39.3 189.1 256.7 1,730.1 2.8 ó 

Corporate

≤ 10 ó 39.9 ó 1.7 38.1 ó ó 

11ñ50 63.0 ó ó ó 63.0 ó ó 

51ñ100 30.6 ó 2.9 7.8 20.0 ó ó 

101ñ200 55.4 ó 7.1 5.5 42.8 ó ó 

201ñ500 78.8 6.9 ó 1.6 70.4 ó ó 

≥ 501 205.8 21.2 37.4 11.0 136.3 ó ó 

 Total 473.5 28.0 47.4 27.5 370.6 ó ó 

All nonindustrial private

≤ 10 4.6 428.2 40.6 54.1 328.8 ó ó 

11ñ50 779.4 23.7 80.1 108.5 564.2 2.8 ó 

51ñ100 526.5 6.2 34.4 38.9 447.0 ó ó 

101ñ200 371.7 4.7 26.3 55.0 285.7 ó ó 

201ñ500 271.0 6.9 17.7 4.9 241.5 ó ó 

≥ 501 21.2 314.8 37.4 22.8 233.5 ó ó 

 Total 2,691.5 67.3 236.5 284.2 2,100.7 2.8 ó 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand acres
29

Table 17óNumber of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 1.0ñ 3.0ñ 5.0ñ 7.0ñ 9.0ñ 11.0ñ 13.0ñ 15.0ñ 17.0ñ 19.0ñ 21.0ñ 29.0 and

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Thousand trees

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 7,817 747 ó 2,083 1,781 1,356 818 831 119 41 22 19 ó 

 Loblolly pine 3,837 444 ó 348 1,666 849 195 178 72 48 37 ó ó 

 Virginia pine 43,378 15,283 6,812 8,005 5,748 3,823 2,338 838 437 19 75 ó ó 

 Pitch pine 10,752 1,230 2,910 1,395 1,562 1,276 1,061 741 316 188 73 ó ó 

 Table Mountain pine 3,762 2,349 713 66 213 86 110 103 122 ó ó ó ó 

 Eastern white pine 147,739 73,629 29,796 13,955 10,251 5,566 4,337 2,980 2,102 1,832 1,440 1,529 322 

 Eastern hemlock 77,073 38,436 17,939 9,109 4,496 1,858 1,973 1,158 920 341 267 389 187 

 Spruce and fir 16,455 9,375 2,696 1,468 1,394 585 379 247 67 132 23 89 ó 

 Redcedars 1,559 819 428 156 112 ó 44 ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Total softwoods 312,372 142,312 61,294 36,585 27,223 15,399 11,255 7,076 4,155 2,601 1,937 2,026 509 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 52,948 18,319 10,058 6,345 4,497 4,170 2,912 2,111 1,561 1,271 712 837 155 

 Select red oaks 67,091 37,124 4,624 5,091 4,903 3,683 3,074 2,287 1,982 1,247 993 1,729 354 

 Other white oaks 112,804 30,462 22,165 13,711 11,702 10,820 7,055 5,639 3,555 2,490 2,298 2,470 437 

 Other red oaks 86,356 26,777 12,926 10,158 9,857 7,646 6,284 4,845 2,865 2,065 1,193 1,615 125 

 Hickory 70,663 28,727 15,036 8,927 6,180 3,981 2,878 2,241 1,408 776 129 380 ó 

 Yellow birch 21,855 9,747 5,346 2,805 1,906 836 622 269 124 87 36 77 ó 

 Hard maple 36,467 20,122 8,088 2,849 1,720 1,143 640 668 482 266 64 322 103 

 Soft maple 348,896 193,538 74,706 32,341 20,454 11,823 5,915 4,402 2,823 1,198 703 865 128 

 Beech 44,693 28,898 5,158 2,706 2,860 1,973 1,079 841 506 256 268 148 ó 

 Sweetgum 1,747 1,316 ó 242 60 62 ó 36 31 ó ó ó ó 

 Tupelo and blackgum 94,606 70,486 12,056 5,665 2,638 1,630 804 522 553 156 ó 75 21 

 Ash 19,659 8,019 5,185 1,395 1,482 736 941 577 432 263 171 422 36 

 Basswood 13,406 4,583 3,307 1,191 1,053 635 717 888 566 215 157 94 ó 

 Yellow-poplar 189,084 94,033 23,614 15,920 13,188 10,697 8,546 7,915 5,485 3,994 2,430 3,064 198 

 Bay and magnolia 25,283 13,547 5,271 2,547 1,332 854 770 606 94 147 32 83 ó 

 Black cherry 39,779 25,598 6,794 3,269 1,706 982 553 327 252 55 93 150 ó 

 Black walnut 7,110 2,118 3,007 586 356 545 214 146 94 44 ó ó ó 

 Sycamore 1,030 788 ó 106 ó ó 78 34 ó ó 24 ó ó 

 Black locust 54,438 26,019 11,562 5,156 3,815 2,860 2,260 1,150 771 340 187 285 33 

 Elm 3,065 1,948 453 289 172 84 54 ó 36 29 ó ó ó 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 575,965 344,272 129,404 50,771 27,405 12,293 6,377 2,530 1,189 996 299 397 32 

 Total hardwoods 1,866,945 986,441 358,760 172,070 117,286 77,453 51,773 38,034 24,809 15,895 9,789 13,013 1,622 

All species 1,128,753 2,179,317 420,054 208,655 144,509 92,852 63,028 45,110 28,964 18,496 11,726 15,039 2,131 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell.
30

Table 18óNumber of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

 All 1.0ñ 3.0ñ 5.0ñ 7.0ñ 9.0ñ 11.0ñ 13.0ñ 15.0ñ 17.0ñ 19.0ñ 21.0ñ 29.0 and

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Thousand trees

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 7,163 233 ó 1,943 1,781 1,356 818 831 119 41 22 19 ó 

 Loblolly pine 3,321 ó ó 317 1,625 849 195 178 72 48 37 ó ó 

 Virginia pine 30,739 6,667 4,180 7,082 5,451 3,725 2,301 838 401 19 75 ó ó 

 Pitch pine 9,596 766 2,642 1,250 1,500 1,161 1,061 705 287 151 73 ó ó 

 Table Mountain pine 1,473 445 445 66 127 86 79 103 122 ó ó ó ó 

 Eastern white pine 121,085 53,871 24,886 13,051 9,754 5,390 4,233 2,944 2,030 1,784 1,363 1,457 322 

 Eastern hemlock 54,652 20,333 15,493 8,164 4,350 1,570 1,667 1,137 855 341 267 317 158 

 Spruce and fir 11,901 5,217 2,696 1,328 1,254 539 340 247 36 132 23 89 ó 

 Redcedars 740 428 ó 156 112 ó 44 ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Total softwoods 240,670 87,960 50,342 33,357 25,954 14,676 10,738 6,983 3,922 2,516 1,860 1,882 480 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 34,423 6,007 6,203 5,447 4,284 3,727 2,790 1,911 1,527 1,122 636 709 60 

 Select red oaks 34,039 8,295 3,311 4,220 4,384 3,245 2,710 2,088 1,779 1,179 904 1,599 325 

 Other white oaks 64,481 4,684 10,031 10,209 9,463 9,138 5,961 5,012 3,302 2,244 2,061 2,081 295 

 Other red oaks 56,683 7,657 7,724 8,465 8,512 7,008 5,640 4,496 2,689 1,897 1,161 1,338 96 

 Hickory 41,790 7,543 9,617 8,052 5,621 3,679 2,613 2,136 1,364 744 100 321 ó 

 Yellow birch 10,766 2,833 3,111 1,983 1,408 631 493 164 95 ó ó 48 ó 

 Hard maple 13,896 3,065 3,843 2,324 1,441 1,065 503 668 364 266 64 293 ó 

 Soft maple 141,696 40,978 38,245 23,708 16,293 9,645 4,702 3,719 2,421 857 453 591 84 

 Beech 14,514 5,063 1,812 1,942 2,108 1,329 766 774 359 140 106 115 ó 

 Sweetgum 1,294 863 ó 242 60 62 ó 36 31 ó ó ó ó 

 Tupelo and blackgum 27,382 11,917 5,948 4,163 2,178 1,391 567 435 553 156 ó 53 21 

 Ash 8,660 1,150 2,335 992 969 707 789 488 403 263 142 422 ó 

 Basswood 7,884 1,249 1,698 1,011 924 591 610 826 530 215 157 73 ó 

 Yellow-poplar 154,070 65,094 21,028 14,862 12,083 10,277 7,983 7,879 5,379 3,965 2,394 2,993 133 

 Bay and magnolia 17,033 7,088 4,525 2,005 1,113 753 651 574 94 147 ó 83 ó 

 Black cherry 11,757 3,271 3,881 1,863 1,123 667 230 267 216 19 93 127 ó 

 Black walnut 1,348 ó ó 351 279 317 182 117 58 44 ó ó ó 

 Sycamore 996 788 ó 106 ó ó 78 ó ó ó 24 ó ó 

 Black locust 20,128 4,388 5,212 3,078 2,382 2,061 1,257 786 471 275 117 68 33 

 Elm 907 ó 453 144 136 84 54 ó 36 ó ó ó ó 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 180,327 66,034 49,022 27,766 19,261 8,952 4,791 2,155 982 779 224 361 ó 

 Total hardwoods 844,074 247,967 177,999 122,933 94,022 65,329 43,370 34,531 22,653 14,312 8,636 11,275 1,047 

All species 335,927 1,084,744 228,341 156,290 119,976 80,005 54,108 41,514 26,575 16,828 10,496 13,157 1,527 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell.
31

Table 19óVolume of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 5.0ñ 7.0ñ 9.0ñ 11.0ñ 13.0ñ 15.0ñ 17.0ñ 19.0ñ 21.0ñ 29.0 and

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 92.3 5.3 13.5 18.6 17.5 25.7 5.2 2.2 1.2 3.2 ó 

 Loblolly pine 35.2 0.7 8.2 8.5 3.6 5.7 3.6 3.2 1.6 ó ó 

 Virginia pine 220.1 25.8 42.6 51.1 50.3 25.3 18.7 1.0 5.4 ó ó 

 Pitch pine 94.1 3.5 10.3 14.9 20.1 19.9 12.1 8.2 5.2 ó ó 

 Table Mountain pine 11.6 0.3 1.1 0.9 2.0 2.7 4.7 ó ó ó ó 

 Eastern white pine 832.9 38.3 61.8 63.5 83.3 80.9 80.3 96.3 99.3 170.4 58.8 

 Eastern hemlock 270.3 18.2 22.3 16.3 28.8 27.2 33.2 17.1 18.3 35.7 53.3 

 Spruce and fir 42.0 3.0 6.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 1.9 6.6 1.1 7.4 ó 

 Redcedars 2.2 0.5 0.7 ó 1.0 ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Total softwoods 1,600.8 95.6 166.9 179.0 211.7 192.6 159.7 134.5 132.1 216.6 112.1 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 473.5 16.8 28.6 49.4 55.3 58.5 60.5 60.4 41.8 72.0 30.2 

 Select red oaks 610.8 14.5 31.5 43.2 55.4 57.7 67.5 57.2 64.3 159.0 60.5 

 Other white oaks 1,117.1 35.2 70.4 116.6 119.7 137.6 122.1 109.8 126.2 212.6 67.0 

 Other red oaks 824.5 28.1 59.1 84.7 108.9 123.9 102.9 99.9 68.5 130.9 17.6 

 Hickory 361.7 22.0 38.2 47.3 55.7 61.5 52.8 39.4 7.2 37.5 ó 

 Yellow birch 64.7 10.3 12.3 8.6 10.8 7.3 4.8 3.6 1.4 5.7 ó 

 Hard maple 141.1 8.7 11.5 14.1 12.1 17.4 16.7 14.2 4.3 29.6 12.6 

 Soft maple 827.0 96.0 128.0 133.6 103.0 108.3 94.3 47.6 35.0 61.8 19.3 

 Beech 136.5 7.3 16.2 20.0 19.2 20.5 16.7 11.2 14.1 11.3 ó 

 Sweetgum 4.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 ó 1.1 1.4 ó ó ó ó 

 Tupelo and blackgum 101.1 14.1 15.0 16.1 12.8 12.0 17.7 5.7 ó 5.2 2.5 

 Ash 146.8 3.6 9.9 9.2 18.2 16.7 16.0 13.8 12.2 40.8 6.4 

 Basswood 121.7 4.3 7.3 8.6 14.1 30.0 24.4 11.5 12.9 8.6 ó 

 Yellow-poplar 1,802.4 49.7 94.3 146.4 192.0 260.8 242.9 237.9 184.2 352.6 41.7 

 Bay and magnolia 71.1 7.6 8.9 10.0 13.4 15.2 2.8 6.7 1.1 5.6 ó 

 Black cherry 79.0 8.5 9.4 10.2 8.5 9.2 9.0 2.6 6.1 15.5 ó 

 Black walnut 20.4 1.5 2.1 5.0 3.2 4.0 2.9 1.7 ó ó ó 

 Sycamore 4.7 0.5 ó ó 1.6 0.6 ó ó 1.9 ó ó 

 Black locust 179.8 12.7 20.5 28.0 32.9 24.0 21.4 13.0 8.1 14.8 4.5 

 Elm 6.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.5 ó 0.8 1.0 ó ó ó 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 712.4 127.2 156.7 130.0 107.3 60.6 40.7 42.3 14.1 32.2 1.3 

 Total hardwoods 7,807.4 470.2 721.6 882.7 945.5 1,026.7 918.5 779.6 603.3 1,195.7 263.5 

All species 565.8 9,408.2 888.5 1,061.7 1,157.3 1,219.3 1,078.2 914.1 735.4 1,412.3 375.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
32

Table 20óVolume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 5.0ñ 7.0ñ 9.0ñ 11.0ñ 13.0ñ 15.0ñ 17.0ñ 19.0ñ 21.0ñ

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 92.0 5.0 13.5 18.6 17.5 25.7 5.2 2.2 1.2 3.2 ó 

 Loblolly pine 35.0 0.6 8.0 8.5 3.6 5.7 3.6 3.2 1.6 ó ó 

 Virginia pine 213.5 23.7 41.1 50.1 49.7 25.3 17.3 1.0 5.4 ó ó 

 Pitch pine 89.9 3.3 10.1 13.9 20.1 19.3 11.5 6.7 5.2 ó ó 

 Table Mountain pine 10.7 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.4 2.7 4.7 ó ó ó ó 

 Eastern white pine 810.2 36.3 59.0 62.2 81.5 79.9 78.0 94.5 94.3 165.7 58.8 

 Eastern hemlock 253.6 16.7 21.7 13.7 24.8 26.7 31.2 17.1 18.3 30.7 52.6 

 Spruce and fir 39.6 2.7 5.9 4.9 4.7 5.2 1.1 6.6 1.1 7.4 ó 

 Redcedars 2.2 0.5 0.7 ó 1.0 ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Total softwoods 1,546.4 89.1 160.7 172.7 204.3 190.4 152.6 131.3 127.0 206.9 111.4 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 423.9 14.9 27.7 45.0 53.9 54.6 59.2 57.0 39.0 61.7 10.9 

 Select red oaks 573.6 12.8 28.8 39.3 50.3 53.7 62.3 55.1 60.7 152.7 58.0 

 Other white oaks 995.2 27.9 58.9 101.4 104.3 124.9 115.4 101.9 116.3 190.9 53.2 

 Other red oaks 763.3 24.5 52.6 79.5 99.4 117.6 97.8 94.5 67.2 114.8 15.3 

 Hickory 343.6 20.5 35.8 44.2 51.9 59.6 51.8 38.9 6.3 34.6 ó 

 Yellow birch 45.8 7.7 9.5 7.1 8.7 4.7 3.7 ó ó 4.4 ó 

 Hard maple 114.2 7.4 10.0 13.2 9.6 17.4 12.7 14.2 4.3 25.4 ó 

 Soft maple 681.2 73.4 106.3 113.4 85.2 94.7 82.0 39.1 26.4 46.8 13.8 

 Beech 103.0 5.5 12.4 13.9 14.7 19.4 12.6 7.2 6.8 10.5 ó 

 Sweetgum 4.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 ó 1.1 1.4 ó ó ó ó 

 Tupelo and blackgum 88.4 11.0 12.7 14.4 9.6 10.5 17.7 5.7 ó 4.4 2.5 

 Ash 129.3 2.9 7.1 8.8 16.2 14.6 14.7 13.8 10.4 40.8 ó 

 Basswood 115.3 3.9 6.4 8.2 12.9 28.9 22.8 11.5 12.9 7.8 ó 

 Yellow-poplar 1,750.7 46.4 88.0 142.6 182.6 259.6 239.9 237.8 182.2 343.1 28.4 

 Bay and magnolia 63.3 6.1 7.5 8.8 11.3 14.5 2.8 6.7 ó 5.6 ó 

 Black cherry 59.5 5.2 6.5 7.6 3.8 8.0 7.9 1.4 6.1 13.1 ó 

 Black walnut 15.8 1.0 1.8 3.1 2.7 3.2 2.3 1.7 ó ó ó 

 Sycamore 4.1 0.5 ó ó 1.6 ó ó ó 1.9 ó ó 

 Black locust 123.3 8.0 14.3 21.9 20.5 17.7 14.2 11.8 6.0 4.4 4.5 

 Elm 4.8 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 ó 0.8 ó ó ó ó 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 553.0 81.1 119.9 101.8 85.3 54.1 34.5 34.2 11.3 30.9 ó 

 Total hardwoods 6,955.8 361.8 607.8 775.9 826.1 958.9 856.5 732.5 557.7 1,092.0 186.7 

All species 450.9 8,502.3 768.5 948.6 1,030.4 1,149.3 1,009.1 863.8 684.7 1,298.9 298.1 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 29.0 and

 larger
33

Table 21óVolume in the saw-log portion of sawtimber trees on timberland by species and diameter class,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 9.0ñ 11.0ñ 13.0ñ 15.0ñ 17.0ñ 19.0ñ 21.0ñ 29.0 and

Species classes 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 66.8 15.0 15.9 24.5 5.1 2.1 1.2 3.1 ó 

 Loblolly pine 23.3 6.4 3.2 5.4 3.5 3.2 1.6 ó ó 

 Virginia pine 130.9 40.2 44.5 23.6 16.5 0.9 5.3 ó ó 

 Pitch pine 69.7 11.2 18.1 18.0 10.9 6.4 5.0 ó ó 

 Table Mountain pine 9.3 0.7 1.4 2.6 4.6 ó ó ó ó 

 Eastern white pine 670.8 49.5 72.7 74.2 74.0 90.6 91.0 161.3 57.5 

 Eastern hemlock 200.8 10.6 21.7 24.5 29.3 16.2 17.5 29.6 51.3 

 Spruce and fir 28.6 3.9 4.2 4.8 1.0 6.4 1.0 7.2 ó 

 Redcedars 0.9 ó 0.9 ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Total softwoods 1,201.1 137.6 182.6 177.5 144.9 125.9 122.5 201.3 108.9 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 292.8 ó 39.0 45.1 51.9 51.8 36.1 58.3 10.6 

 Select red oaks 421.8 ó 35.7 42.7 52.4 47.6 53.5 137.1 52.9 

 Other white oaks 705.7 ó 75.0 102.7 100.4 91.5 106.5 178.9 50.8 

 Other red oaks 523.8 ó 70.7 97.0 85.8 85.5 62.1 108.0 14.7 

 Hickory 205.5 ó 37.9 48.9 45.2 35.0 5.9 32.7 ó 

 Yellow birch 17.3 ó 6.1 3.8 3.2 ó ó 4.1 ó 

 Hard maple 72.9 ó 6.6 14.3 11.1 12.9 4.0 24.1 ó 

 Soft maple 317.3 ó 58.3 75.2 69.6 34.4 23.8 43.1 13.0 

 Beech 59.1 ó 10.7 15.8 10.7 6.3 6.0 9.6 ó 

 Sweetgum 2.2 ó ó 0.9 1.3 ó ó ó ó 

 Tupelo and blackgum 41.7 ó 6.6 8.5 15.2 5.0 ó 4.0 2.4 

 Ash 96.9 ó 11.4 12.1 12.7 12.5 9.7 38.5 ó 

 Basswood 83.1 ó 9.4 24.1 19.9 10.4 11.9 7.4 ó 

 Yellow-poplar 1,310.1 ó 128.7 214.8 213.0 219.6 172.4 333.5 28.1 

 Bay and magnolia 34.0 ó 7.8 12.1 2.5 6.3 ó 5.4 ó 

 Black cherry 35.3 ó 2.8 6.6 6.9 1.3 5.6 12.2 ó 

 Black walnut 7.9 ó 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.5 ó ó ó 

 Sycamore 2.8 ó 1.1 ó ó ó 1.7 ó ó 

 Black locust 63.6 ó 14.4 14.0 11.8 10.2 5.2 3.9 4.0 

 Elm 1.8 ó 1.1 ó 0.7 ó ó ó ó 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 197.2 ó 57.0 42.0 29.0 29.7 10.5 29.0 ó 

 Total hardwoods 4,492.7 ó 582.2 783.0 745.0 661.6 514.8 1,029.6 176.5 

All species 137.6 5,693.8 764.7 960.5 889.9 787.4 637.3 1,230.9 285.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
34

Table 22óVolume of sawtimber on timberland by species and diameter class, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

All 9.0ñ 11.0ñ 13.0ñ 15.0ñ 17.0ñ 19.0ñ 21.0ñ 29.0 and

Species classes 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million board feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 350.7 69.6 79.3 131.5 29.1 12.7 7.2 21.4 ó 

 Loblolly pine 125.7 29.7 15.9 29.2 20.8 20.1 10.0 ó ó 

 Virginia pine 634.8 181.4 211.9 118.3 87.9 5.1 30.3 ó ó 

 Pitch pine 361.4 47.0 86.5 95.6 62.1 38.5 31.7 ó ó 

 Table Mountain pine 50.3 3.4 6.8 13.9 26.3 ó ó ó ó 

 Eastern white pine 3,951.5 224.6 359.5 395.3 419.8 537.5 559.6 1,058.8 396.4 

 Eastern hemlock 1,171.7 47.2 103.3 125.4 160.0 92.5 103.6 184.8 354.8 

 Spruce and fir 160.2 18.7 21.4 25.7 5.7 37.2 6.3 45.3 ó 

 Redcedars 4.7 ó 4.7 ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Total softwoods 6,810.9 621.5 889.3 934.9 811.6 743.5 748.7 1,310.4 751.1 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 1,530.5 ó 185.6 218.7 261.5 271.9 195.6 330.2 67.0 

 Select red oaks 2,263.3 ó 167.6 204.5 261.4 246.6 287.1 776.0 320.1 

 Other white oaks 3,632.7 ó 342.6 479.9 489.5 463.9 558.1 995.5 303.2 

 Other red oaks 2,762.6 ó 342.1 477.3 438.6 453.3 340.3 619.5 91.4 

 Hickory 1,072.8 ó 181.0 241.1 233.4 188.2 32.9 196.3 ó 

 Yellow birch 87.3 ó 29.9 18.4 16.0 ó ó 23.0 ó 

 Hard maple 371.3 ó 35.2 71.0 54.8 64.8 20.4 125.1 ó 

 Soft maple 1,609.2 ó 278.5 361.2 346.1 178.0 126.6 241.2 77.7 

 Beech 276.0 ó 53.7 73.8 48.9 28.7 27.4 43.6 ó 

 Sweetgum 11.5 ó ó 4.7 6.8 ó ó ó ó 

 Tupelo and blackgum 209.1 ó 30.5 40.1 75.5 26.0 ó 22.6 14.4 

 Ash 505.7 ó 53.4 57.7 62.5 64.8 52.0 215.3 ó 

 Basswood 416.1 ó 44.2 115.9 98.7 52.9 63.3 41.0 ó 

 Yellow-poplar 7,631.6 ó 663.6 1,137.5 1,181.0 1,273.9 1,039.1 2,140.9 195.7 

 Bay and magnolia 169.3 ó 37.2 57.7 12.3 32.4 ó 29.7 ó 

 Black cherry 196.6 ó 13.1 33.2 36.2 7.4 32.6 74.2 ó 

 Black walnut 36.2 ó 9.0 11.6 8.7 6.9 ó ó ó 

 Sycamore 14.8 ó 5.4 ó ó ó 9.4 ó ó 

 Black locust 296.1 ó 72.1 65.1 53.6 45.8 23.5 17.5 18.5 

 Elm 9.1 ó 5.5 ó 3.6 ó ó ó ó 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 1,024.2 ó 296.1 211.7 145.3 152.6 54.9 163.6 ó 

 Total hardwoods 24,126.0 ó 2,846.3 3,880.9 3,834.3 3,558.0 2,863.1 6,055.2 1,088.1 

All species 621.5 30,936.9 3,735.6 4,815.8 4,645.9 4,301.5 3,611.8 7,365.6 1,839.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
35

Table 23óVolume of sawtimber on timberland by species, size class, and tree grade, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

All size classes Trees ≥ 15.0 inches d.b.h.

All Tree grade All Tree grade

Species grades 1 2 3 4 5 grades 1 2 3 4 5

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 350.7 198.4 115.7 36.6 ó ó 70.4 30.2 32.0 8.2 ó ó 

 Loblolly pine 125.7 52.5 29.5 43.7 ó ó 50.9 25.0 7.6 18.3 ó ó 

 Virginia pine 634.8 37.8 146.7 450.3 ó ó 123.3 26.0 39.8 57.6 ó ó 

 Pitch pine 361.4 62.5 69.6 229.2 ó ó 132.2 32.8 14.7 84.7 ó ó 

 Table Mountain pine 50.3 5.0 10.8 33.1 ó 1.5 26.3 5.0 8.1 13.2 ó ó 

 Eastern white pine 3,951.5 1,331.1 1,463.8 936.4 215.2 5.0 2,972.0 1,216.5 1,127.2 504.6 123.7 ó 

 Eastern hemlock 1,171.7 342.3 310.9 354.1 153.4 11.0 895.7 307.4 249.8 236.8 90.8 11.0 

 Spruce and fir 160.2 28.6 7.1 117.2 7.2 ó 94.4 21.7 ó 72.7 ó ó 

 Redcedars 4.7 ó ó 4.7 ó ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Total softwoods 6,810.9 2,058.3 2,154.2 2,205.3 375.7 17.4 4,365.2 1,664.6 1,479.1 996.1 214.4 11.0 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 1,530.5 340.7 372.5 589.7 179.0 48.7 1,126.2 340.7 307.7 327.0 103.4 47.4 

 Select red oaks 2,263.3 741.3 595.3 599.6 197.5 129.6 1,891.2 741.3 515.2 391.8 119.5 123.4 

 Other white oaks 3,632.7 949.5 1,105.8 981.9 448.4 147.0 2,810.2 949.5 904.8 493.4 354.6 108.0 

 Other red oaks 2,762.6 408.6 603.5 1,018.3 653.4 78.8 1,943.2 408.6 501.8 546.7 423.6 62.6 

 Hickory 1,072.8 143.9 330.5 377.0 189.0 32.5 650.7 143.9 246.8 165.2 69.6 25.3 

 Yellow birch 87.3 ó ó 51.9 32.8 2.5 39.0 ó ó 23.7 15.3 ó 

 Hard maple 371.3 56.3 112.3 112.0 64.2 26.4 265.1 56.3 87.5 49.5 48.1 23.7 

 Soft maple 1,609.2 108.9 279.1 632.2 466.3 122.8 969.5 108.9 198.9 293.3 267.2 101.2 

 Beech 276.0 3.3 50.1 67.0 132.2 23.3 148.6 3.3 33.9 45.4 54.2 11.8 

 Sweetgum 11.5 ó 11.5 ó ó ó 6.8 ó 6.8 ó ó ó 

 Tupelo and blackgum 209.1 33.6 68.5 76.2 21.0 9.7 138.5 33.6 58.3 21.5 15.3 9.7 

 Ash 505.7 254.3 90.6 109.4 15.1 36.4 394.7 254.3 53.5 52.3 4.0 30.6 

 Basswood 416.1 100.2 180.3 79.1 3.8 52.6 256.0 100.2 92.9 19.2 ó 43.7 

 Yellow-poplar 7,631.6 2,856.3 2,124.2 1,702.1 800.4 148.6 5,830.5 2,856.3 1,492.7 886.5 485.3 109.6 

 Bay and magnolia 169.3 ó 16.1 67.2 80.9 5.0 74.4 ó 5.4 30.3 38.6 ó 

 Black cherry 196.6 82.4 39.0 21.3 8.1 45.8 150.4 82.4 23.2 2.9 ó 41.9 

 Black walnut 36.2 ó ó 33.0 3.2 ó 15.6 ó ó 12.4 3.2 ó 

 Sycamore 14.8 9.4 ó 5.4 ó ó 9.4 9.4 ó ó ó ó 

 Black locust 296.1 31.1 36.1 124.1 65.6 39.2 158.8 31.1 14.7 51.1 31.4 30.6 

 Elm 9.1 ó ó 9.1 ó ó 3.6 ó ó 3.6 ó ó 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 1,024.2 131.6 124.4 440.0 253.8 74.5 516.4 131.6 76.4 146.5 111.6 50.4 

 Total hardwoods 24,126.0 6,251.2 6,139.9 7,096.8 3,614.7 1,023.4 17,398.7 6,251.2 4,620.5 3,562.5 2,144.8 819.7 

All species 8,309.5 30,936.9 8,294.1 9,302.1 3,990.4 1,040.9 21,764.0 7,915.9 6,099.6 4,558.6 2,359.2 830.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Million board feet
36

Table 24óVolume of growing stock on timberland by county and species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Alleghany 116.2 42.6 42.6 ó 73.6 20.3 53.3 

Ashe 327.4 49.1 47.1 1.9 278.3 109.1 169.2 

Avery 275.4 31.1 19.2 12.0 244.2 119.1 125.2 

Buncombe 692.4 72.5 66.6 6.0 619.8 225.7 394.1 

Burke 328.2 119.1 114.5 4.6 209.0 99.4 109.7 

Caldwell 438.4 162.3 146.5 15.8 276.1 133.2 142.9 

Cherokee 520.7 147.3 140.7 6.6 373.4 137.8 235.7 

Clay 188.7 33.0 32.2 0.8 155.6 65.1 90.5 

Graham 427.5 101.6 41.6 60.0 325.9 119.6 206.3 

Haywood 534.0 78.1 57.6 20.5 455.9 189.6 266.3 

Henderson 254.2 34.3 33.3 1.0 219.9 82.5 137.4 

Jackson 558.5 100.8 50.9 49.9 457.7 160.0 297.7 

Macon 580.5 60.8 46.5 14.3 519.7 233.8 285.9 

Madison 505.0 66.6 44.9 21.6 438.4 245.6 192.8 

McDowell 504.8 99.2 93.4 5.8 405.7 153.9 251.7 

Mitchell 295.4 11.5 7.5 4.0 284.0 135.2 148.8 

Swain 168.8 18.5 16.5 2.0 150.4 77.9 72.5 

Transylvania 509.3 106.7 90.8 15.9 402.5 177.7 224.8 

Watauga 314.1 17.3 6.0 11.2 296.9 167.3 129.5 

Wilkes 628.0 156.2 141.3 14.9 471.8 247.8 224.0 

Yancey 334.9 37.9 11.3 26.6 296.9 125.8 171.1 

 Total 8,502.3 1,546.4 1,251.1 295.3 6,955.8 3,026.4 3,929.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
37

Table 25óVolume of live trees on timberland by county and species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Alleghany 136.9 45.5 45.5 ó 91.4 30.2 61.2 

Ashe 405.0 53.6 51.7 1.9 351.4 140.3 211.0 

Avery 335.4 34.2 19.2 15.1 301.2 145.1 156.1 

Buncombe 758.8 73.6 67.3 6.4 685.1 262.8 422.3 

Burke 351.8 120.4 115.7 4.7 231.4 109.8 121.6 

Caldwell 470.9 163.8 147.6 16.3 307.1 143.3 163.8 

Cherokee 565.1 152.7 145.5 7.2 412.4 148.5 263.9 

Clay 200.3 33.2 32.3 0.9 167.1 68.9 98.3 

Graham 447.9 103.3 41.7 61.6 344.5 126.1 218.5 

Haywood 590.5 82.0 59.8 22.3 508.5 209.1 299.3 

Henderson 280.2 34.5 33.6 1.0 245.6 87.1 158.5 

Jackson 657.2 101.9 51.3 50.6 555.2 183.3 372.0 

Macon 634.7 61.7 46.9 14.8 573.0 245.8 327.2 

Madison 570.7 82.7 55.7 27.0 488.0 263.9 224.2 

McDowell 530.7 99.7 93.9 5.8 431.0 161.2 269.8 

Mitchell 315.4 12.7 8.4 4.3 302.7 140.9 161.8 

Swain 174.8 18.9 17.0 2.0 155.9 79.3 76.6 

Transylvania 555.5 107.1 91.0 16.1 448.4 189.6 258.8 

Watauga 366.7 18.8 6.1 12.7 347.9 181.3 166.6 

Wilkes 685.1 159.5 143.1 16.4 525.6 264.0 261.6 

Yancey 374.7 40.7 13.0 27.7 334.0 137.7 196.2 

 Total 9,408.2 1,600.8 1,286.4 314.5 7,807.4 3,318.1 4,489.3 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
38

Table 26óVolume of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million board feet

Alleghany 357.3 138.2 138.2 ó 219.1 40.7 178.4 

Ashe 1,113.1 197.5 195.6 2.0 915.6 339.9 575.7 

Avery 947.3 146.5 98.1 48.4 800.8 428.1 372.7 

Buncombe 2,727.9 312.2 283.1 29.1 2,415.7 897.5 1,518.3 

Burke 1,082.0 421.3 405.8 15.5 660.7 319.6 341.1 

Caldwell 1,486.2 675.9 617.9 58.1 810.3 364.3 446.0 

Cherokee 1,812.5 660.4 640.6 19.8 1,152.1 470.5 681.5 

Clay 641.6 135.6 134.0 1.7 506.0 233.8 272.2 

Graham 1,621.9 563.4 223.8 339.6 1,058.5 355.0 703.5 

Haywood 2,035.7 344.3 270.2 74.1 1,691.4 763.6 927.8 

Henderson 925.8 146.1 142.3 3.8 779.7 308.1 471.6 

Jackson 1,980.7 538.2 267.8 270.4 1,442.4 512.2 930.2 

Macon 2,216.2 295.7 236.0 59.7 1,920.5 997.0 923.5 

Madison 2,083.7 330.5 234.2 96.3 1,753.2 1,086.8 666.4 

McDowell 1,811.2 377.8 360.7 17.1 1,433.5 574.1 859.4 

Mitchell 1,155.0 40.4 23.9 16.5 1,114.5 607.3 507.2 

Swain 563.0 63.5 58.6 4.9 499.5 321.9 177.6 

Transylvania 2,001.1 549.0 463.5 85.4 1,452.2 657.3 794.9 

Watauga 1,027.8 53.4 23.8 29.5 974.4 603.7 370.7 

Wilkes 2,090.3 649.5 595.3 54.2 1,440.8 775.0 665.8 

Yancey 1,256.7 171.5 60.9 110.6 1,085.2 466.8 618.4 

 Total 30,936.9 6,810.9 5,474.4 1,336.6 24,126.0 11,123.0 13,003.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
39

Table 27óVolume of timber on timberland by class of timber and species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Class of timber species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Sawtimber trees

 Saw-log portion 5,693.8 1,201.1 970.8 230.2 4,492.7 1,991.4 2,501.4 

 Upper-stem portiona 95.6 813.2 78.7 16.8 717.7 295.8 421.9 

 Total 6,507.0 1,296.6 1,049.6 247.1 5,210.4 2,287.2 2,923.2 

Poletimber trees 249.8 1,995.2 201.6 48.2 1,745.4 739.2 1,006.2 

 All growing-stock trees 8,502.3 1,546.4 1,251.1 295.3 6,955.8 3,026.4 3,929.5 

Rough trees

 Sawtimber size 501.3 41.0 25.4 15.6 460.3 151.6 308.7 

 Poletimber size 337.3 12.7 9.8 2.9 324.6 118.1 206.5 

 Total 838.5 53.7 35.2 18.5 784.8 269.7 515.2 

Rotten trees

 Sawtimber size 62.9 0.7 ó 0.7 62.2 20.2 42.0 

 Poletimber size 4.5 ó ó ó 4.5 1.9 2.6 

 Total 67.4 0.7 ó 0.7 66.7 22.1 44.6 

Salvable dead trees

 Sawtimber size 16.6 5.2 1.8 3.5 11.4 ó 11.4 

 Poletimber size 8.0 ó ó ó 8.0 ó 8.0 

 Total 24.7 5.2 1.8 3.5 19.4 ó 19.4 

All classes 1,606.1 9,432.9 1,288.1 317.9 7,826.8 3,318.1 4,508.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

a Includes cull sections in the saw-log portion.
40

Table 28óVolume of live and growing-stock trees on timberland by ownership class and species group,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Live trees (million cubic feet )

National forest 2,453.6 367.0 218.8 148.2 2,086.5 745.4 1,341.1 

Other public 297.5 38.5 36.0 2.4 259.1 109.3 149.7 

Forest industry 55.4 2.1 2.1 ó 53.3 18.2 35.2 

Nonindustrial private 6,601.7 1,193.2 1,029.4 163.8 5,408.5 2,445.2 2,963.2 

 All classes 9,408.2 1,600.8 1,286.4 314.5 7,807.4 3,318.1 4,489.3 

Growing-stock trees (million cubic feet )

National forest 2,251.8 358.6 214.6 144.0 1,893.2 698.1 1,195.0 

Other public 267.9 37.7 35.7 2.0 230.2 96.7 133.6 

Forest industry 50.3 2.1 2.1 ó 48.2 16.5 31.8 

Nonindustrial private 5,932.2 1,148.0 998.8 149.3 4,784.2 2,215.1 2,569.1 

 All classes 8,502.3 1,546.4 1,251.1 295.3 6,955.8 3,026.4 3,929.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Table 29óVolume of sawtimber on timberland by ownership class, species group, and size class,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Softwoods Hardwoods

All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

All size classes (million board feet )

National forest 8,560.7 1,708.0 1,014.6 693.4 6,852.7 2,595.6 4,257.0 

Other public 954.2 161.6 153.6 8.0 792.6 335.4 457.2 

Forest industry 168.5 5.5 5.5 ó 163.0 56.8 106.1 

Nonindustrial private 21,253.6 4,935.8 4,300.6 635.1 16,317.8 8,135.2 8,182.6 

 All classes 30,936.9 6,810.9 5,474.4 1,336.6 24,126.0 11,123.0 13,003.0 

Trees ≥ 15.0 inches d.b.h. (million board feet )

National forest 6,539.4 1,241.9 676.1 565.8 5,297.5 2,004.7 3,292.8 

Other public 650.4 71.9 71.9 ó 578.5 251.3 327.2 

Forest industry 112.2 ó ó ó 112.2 47.0 65.2 

Nonindustrial private 14,461.9 3,051.4 2,627.1 424.3 11,410.6 5,747.4 5,663.2 

 All classes 21,764.0 4,365.2 3,375.1 990.1 17,398.7 8,050.3 9,348.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
41

Table 30óVolume of growing stock on timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and species group,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Softwoods Hardwoods

Forest-type group All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

and stand origin species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted 130.4 124.8 123.7 1.1 5.6 3.2 2.4 

 Natural 549.7 389.3 343.6 45.7 160.5 67.8 92.6 

 Total 680.1 514.1 467.3 46.8 166.1 71.1 95.0 

 Spruce-fir

 Planted ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Natural 35.5 32.3 ó 32.3 3.2 0.5 2.7 

 Total 35.5 32.3 ó 32.3 3.2 0.5 2.7 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted 20.5 19.8 19.8 ó 0.7 0.1 0.6 

 Natural 212.5 170.7 167.1 3.6 41.8 17.0 24.7 

 Total 233.0 190.6 186.9 3.6 42.4 17.1 25.3 

 Total softwoods 948.6 736.9 654.3 82.7 211.7 88.7 123.0 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted 6.9 4.0 4.0 ó 3.0 1.9 1.1 

 Natural 731.9 341.4 327.0 14.5 390.5 161.9 228.5 

 Total 738.8 345.4 330.9 14.5 393.4 163.8 229.6 

 Oak-hickory 6,605.3 455.1 265.7 189.4 6,150.2 2,734.4 3,415.8 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood 2.8 0.3 0.3 ó 2.5 2.5 ó 

 Maple-beech-birch 206.8 8.8 ó 8.8 198.0 37.0 161.0 

 Total hardwoods 7,553.7 809.5 596.9 212.6 6,744.1 2,937.7 3,806.5 

Nonstocked ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

All groups 1,546.4 8,502.3 1,251.1 295.3 6,955.8 3,026.4 3,929.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
42

Table 31óAverage basal area of live trees per acre on timberland by ownership class, 

species group, and d.b.h., Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class All tree D.b.h. (inches)

and species group sizes ≥15.0

Square feet/acre

National forest

 Softwood 18.9 1.8 5.4 4.0 7.7 

 Hardwood 106.0 13.1 30.8 20.3 41.8 

 Total 124.9 14.9 36.3 24.3 49.4 

Other public

 Softwood 13.1 2.0 3.4 4.5 3.3 

 Hardwood 116.0 10.5 30.9 24.0 50.5 

 Total 129.1 12.4 34.3 28.5 53.8 

Forest industry

 Softwood 3.4 ó 1.4 2.0 ó 

 Hardwood 86.2 15.8 30.3 18.5 21.7 

 Total 89.6 15.8 31.7 20.4 21.7 

Nonindustrial private

 Softwood 21.9 2.2 7.9 5.2 6.5 

 Hardwood 96.8 12.0 30.7 21.3 32.8 

 Total 118.7 14.2 38.7 26.5 39.3 

All classes

 Softwood 20.6 2.1 7.0 4.8 6.7 

 Hardwood 100.1 12.3 30.8 21.1 36.0 

 Total 120.7 14.4 37.8 25.9 42.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

1.0ñ4.9 5.0ñ10.9 11.0ñ14.9
43

Table 32óAverage net annual growth of growing stock on timberland by county and 

species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Alleghany 4.2 2.0 2.0 ó 2.2 1.1 1.1 

Ashe 10.6 0.3 0.3 ó 10.3 4.9 5.4 

Avery 4.9 0.6 0.3 0.4 4.2 3.3 0.9 

Buncombe 9.8 1.7 1.1 0.5 8.2 4.0 4.2 

Burke 15.3 7.1 6.9 0.3 8.2 4.8 3.4 

Caldwell 15.1 5.9 5.4 0.5 9.2 5.1 4.1 

Cherokee 13.9 5.3 4.7 0.6 8.6 3.9 4.6 

Clay 4.5 1.3 1.3 0.0 3.2 1.3 1.9 

Graham 8.3 0.5 -0.7 1.2 7.9 4.6 3.2 

Haywood 10.8 2.2 1.4 0.8 8.7 4.6 4.0 

Henderson 3.5 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 3.9 2.6 1.3 

Jackson 14.0 1.7 0.8 0.9 12.3 6.5 5.8 

Macon 8.2 -1.2 -1.6 0.3 9.4 6.6 2.8 

Madison 6.4 -1.3 -2.0 0.8 7.7 6.0 1.7 

McDowell 8.3 2.3 2.3 0.1 5.9 2.8 3.2 

Mitchell 7.3 0.0 -0.4 0.5 7.2 4.1 3.1 

Swain 3.4 0.4 -0.2 0.6 3.1 2.0 1.0 

Transylvania 9.4 2.4 2.0 0.4 7.1 3.7 3.3 

Watauga 7.1 0.9 0.3 0.6 6.3 4.4 1.8 

Wilkes 17.1 4.1 3.8 0.3 13.0 8.4 4.6 

Yancey 6.8 -0.5 -1.0 0.5 7.3 4.1 3.1 

 Total 189.0 35.4 26.1 9.3 153.6 89.0 65.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Million cubic feet
44

Table 33óAverage net annual growth of live trees on timberland by county and species group,

Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All

County species

Million cubic feet

Alleghany 5.0 2.0 2.0 ó 2.9 1.7 1.3 

Ashe 12.6 0.3 0.3 ó 12.3 6.3 6.0 

Avery 5.0 0.7 0.3 0.4 4.4 3.2 1.2 

Buncombe 9.4 1.7 1.2 0.5 7.6 4.2 3.4 

Burke 16.0 7.2 6.9 0.3 8.8 5.1 3.7 

Caldwell 16.1 6.3 5.8 0.5 9.8 5.1 4.7 

Cherokee 13.8 5.6 5.0 0.6 8.2 3.9 4.2 

Clay 4.2 1.3 1.3 0.0 2.9 1.2 1.7 

Graham 7.9 0.5 -0.7 1.2 7.4 4.5 2.9 

Haywood 10.5 2.3 1.5 0.8 8.2 4.6 3.6 

Henderson 3.2 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 3.6 2.5 1.1 

Jackson 14.6 1.7 0.8 0.9 12.9 7.4 5.5 

Macon 7.9 -1.2 -1.6 0.3 9.1 6.6 2.5 

Madison 6.8 -1.2 -2.0 0.9 8.0 6.4 1.5 

McDowell 8.6 2.5 2.3 0.2 6.1 2.8 3.3 

Mitchell 7.3 0.0 -0.4 0.5 7.2 4.1 3.2 

Swain 3.4 0.5 -0.1 0.6 2.9 1.9 1.0 

Transylvania 9.4 2.4 2.0 0.4 7.0 3.7 3.3 

Watauga 7.6 0.9 0.4 0.6 6.7 4.5 2.2 

Wilkes 17.3 4.2 3.9 0.3 13.2 8.3 4.9 

Yancey 7.2 -0.4 -1.0 0.6 7.6 4.2 3.4 

 Total 193.6 37.0 27.2 9.7 156.6 92.1 64.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

All

hardwood

 Hard

 hardwood

Soft

hardwood

Other

softwood

All

softwood

Yellow

pine
45

Table 34óAverage net annual growth of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group,

Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Hardwoods

 All Hard

County species hardwood

Million board feet

Alleghany 21.8 10.9 10.9 ó 10.9 5.8 5.2 

Ashe 42.4 1.2 1.2 ó 41.1 21.1 20.0 

Avery 25.6 3.8 2.1 1.7 21.8 15.5 6.4 

Buncombe 52.2 8.8 5.5 3.3 43.5 20.4 23.1 

Burke 62.5 34.0 32.9 1.1 28.5 14.8 13.7 

Caldwell 58.1 22.5 20.0 2.5 35.6 15.5 20.2 

Cherokee 57.8 28.7 27.0 1.7 29.1 12.6 16.5 

Clay 20.8 8.6 8.4 0.2 12.2 6.6 5.6 

Graham 42.8 3.6 -2.9 6.5 39.1 21.9 17.2 

Haywood 55.0 13.5 9.4 4.0 41.5 25.1 16.4 

Henderson 19.2 2.5 2.1 0.5 16.6 11.9 4.7 

Jackson 66.5 10.9 5.6 5.3 55.6 25.3 30.2 

Macon 47.9 -4.4 -6.1 1.7 52.3 36.5 15.8 

Madison 44.4 2.8 -0.4 3.2 41.6 31.8 9.8 

McDowell 43.3 11.6 11.6 -0.0 31.7 12.3 19.4 

Mitchell 37.4 1.8 0.0 1.8 35.6 21.4 14.2 

Swain 18.9 3.5 2.6 0.9 15.4 11.9 3.5 

Transylvania 43.9 13.0 13.3 -0.3 30.8 17.4 13.4 

Watauga 33.2 4.2 1.9 2.4 29.0 21.9 7.1 

Wilkes 99.7 37.6 34.6 3.0 62.1 47.0 15.1 

Yancey 32.7 2.1 -1.6 3.7 30.6 20.6 10.0 

 Total 926.1 221.3 178.1 43.2 704.8 417.5 287.3 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

hardwood

All Yellow

softwood pine softwood hardwood

Other All

 Softwoods

Soft
46

Table 35óAverage annual removals of growing stock on timberland by county and species group,

Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All Hard

County species hardwood

Million cubic feet

Alleghany 3.9 2.0 2.0 ó 2.0 1.3 0.7 

Ashe 7.6 0.7 0.7 ó 6.9 2.9 4.1 

Avery ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

Buncombe 5.6 0.3 0.3 ó 5.4 2.3 3.1 

Burke 13.3 8.2 8.2 ó 5.2 2.4 2.8 

Caldwell 6.4 1.8 1.8 ó 4.6 1.6 3.0 

Cherokee 6.6 5.6 5.6 ó 0.9 ó 0.9 

Clay 1.0 0.5 0.5 ó 0.5 0.2 0.2 

Graham 0.8 ó ó ó 0.8 0.1 0.7 

Haywood 5.0 1.5 1.4 0.1 3.5 2.2 1.3 

Henderson 2.1 0.7 0.5 0.2 1.4 0.2 1.1 

Jackson 1.8 ó ó ó 1.8 0.5 1.3 

Macon 1.6 0.1 0.1 ó 1.5 0.1 1.4 

Madison 5.0 2.3 2.1 0.1 2.7 2.7 ó 

McDowell 7.3 3.5 3.4 0.1 3.8 1.1 2.7 

Mitchell 4.4 0.1 0.1 ó 4.2 2.5 1.7 

Swain 0.4 0.1 0.1 ó 0.3 ó 0.3 

Transylvania ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

Watauga 1.6 ó ó ó 1.6 1.0 0.6 

Wilkes 18.5 10.2 10.2 ó 8.3 4.7 3.6 

Yancey 2.8 0.3 0.3 ó 2.5 0.8 1.7 

 Total 95.6 37.8 37.3 0.5 57.8 26.6 31.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Soft

softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood

All Yellow Other All
47

Table 36óAverage annual removals of live trees on timberland by county and species group,

Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All Hard

County species hardwood

Million cubic feet

Alleghany 4.1 2.0 2.0 ó 2.2 1.5 0.7 

Ashe 7.9 0.7 0.7 ó 7.2 2.9 4.3 

Avery ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

Buncombe 6.6 0.3 0.3 ó 6.4 2.4 3.9 

Burke 13.5 8.2 8.2 ó 5.4 2.4 3.0 

Caldwell 7.0 1.8 1.8 ó 5.3 1.6 3.7 

Cherokee 6.9 5.8 5.8 ó 1.1 ó 1.1 

Clay 1.0 0.5 0.5 ó 0.5 0.2 0.2 

Graham 0.8 ó ó ó 0.8 0.1 0.7 

Haywood 5.8 1.5 1.4 0.1 4.3 2.5 1.9 

Henderson 2.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 1.5 0.3 1.2 

Jackson 2.0 ó ó ó 2.0 0.7 1.3 

Macon 1.7 0.1 0.1 ó 1.6 0.1 1.5 

Madison 5.0 2.3 2.1 0.1 2.7 2.7 ó 

McDowell 7.5 3.5 3.4 0.1 4.0 1.2 2.7 

Mitchell 4.4 0.1 0.1 ó 4.3 2.6 1.7 

Swain 0.5 0.2 0.2 ó 0.3 ó 0.3 

Transylvania ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

Watauga 1.6 ó ó ó 1.6 1.0 0.6 

Wilkes 18.9 10.2 10.2 ó 8.7 4.9 3.8 

Yancey 2.8 0.3 0.3 ó 2.5 0.8 1.7 

 Total 100.2 38.0 37.6 0.5 62.2 27.8 34.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Soft

 softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood

 All Yellow Other All
48

Table 37óAverage annual removals of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group,

Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million board feet

Alleghany 17.0 7.4 7.4 ó 9.6 6.1 3.5 

Ashe 30.2 4.2 4.2 ó 26.0 9.4 16.6 

Avery ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

Buncombe 25.7 1.2 1.2 ó 24.5 12.6 11.9 

Burke 52.8 39.5 39.5 ó 13.3 4.7 8.5 

Caldwell 23.4 7.0 7.0 ó 16.3 4.9 11.4 

Cherokee 26.7 21.9 21.9 ó 4.8 ó 4.8 

Clay 3.8 2.4 2.4 ó 1.4 0.8 0.6 

Graham 3.2 ó ó ó 3.2 ó 3.2 

Haywood 20.7 5.7 5.4 0.3 15.0 10.0 5.0 

Henderson 7.7 3.5 2.3 1.2 4.3 0.8 3.5 

Jackson 6.8 ó ó ó 6.8 2.1 4.7 

Macon 5.1 0.2 0.2 ó 4.9 0.7 4.3 

Madison 25.7 11.8 11.8 ó 13.9 13.9 ó 

McDowell 24.1 9.2 9.2 ó 14.9 3.0 11.9 

Mitchell 19.1 0.9 0.9 ó 18.2 11.7 6.5 

Swain 1.9 0.5 0.5 ó 1.4 ó 1.4 

Transylvania ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

Watauga 5.7 ó ó ó 5.7 3.1 2.5 

Wilkes 69.6 38.4 38.4 ó 31.1 17.7 13.4 

Yancey 9.7 1.7 1.7 ó 7.9 3.2 4.8 

 Total 378.7 155.5 154.0 1.5 223.3 104.8 118.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
49

Table 38óAverage net annual growth and average annual removals of live trees, growing stock, and

sawtimber on timberland by species, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Live trees Growing stock Sawtimber

 Net Net Net

 annual Annual annual Annual annual Annual

Species growth removals growth removals growth removals

Million cubic feet Million board feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine -1.1 4.0 -1.1 3.9 2.0 17.3 

 Loblolly pine 1.9 0.5 1.9 0.5 9.3 2.4 

 Virginia pine 0.2 12.0 -0.1 11.9 7.9 30.6 

 Pitch pine -3.7 1.0 -3.8 1.0 -7.6 4.2 

 Table Mountain pine 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 -0.3 2.8 

 Eastern white pine 29.4 19.4 28.8 19.4 166.8 96.6 

 Eastern hemlock 9.4 0.5 8.9 0.5 41.6 1.5 

 Spruce and fir 0.4 ó 0.5 ó 1.7 ó 

 Redcedars -0.0 ó -0.0 ó -0.1 ó 

 Total softwoods 37.0 38.0 35.4 37.8 221.3 155.5 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 8.2 5.4 8.7 5.1 40.7 20.6 

 Select red oaks 9.6 4.4 10.4 4.3 57.0 19.1 

 Other white oaks 16.9 4.9 17.2 4.8 84.9 19.8 

 Other red oaks 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.2 52.2 28.1 

 Hickory 4.2 3.8 4.7 3.5 13.4 11.2 

 Yellow birch 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 3.9 1.6 

 Hard maple 4.3 0.6 4.2 0.6 14.5 2.6 

 Soft maple 21.6 6.2 19.2 5.5 60.8 14.9 

 Beech 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.3 3.2 3.4 

 Sweetgum 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.1 

 Tupelo and blackgum 1.8 0.3 1.6 0.3 3.4 ó 

 Ash 3.3 1.3 3.0 1.3 15.0 3.9 

 Basswood 2.7 1.4 2.6 1.3 12.7 5.4 

 Yellow-poplar 54.9 16.1 54.3 16.0 292.2 73.7 

 Bay and magnolia 2.2 0.1 2.1 0.1 6.7 0.5 

 Black cherry 3.0 0.8 2.1 0.7 12.6 2.4 

 Black walnut 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.5 

 Sycamore 0.2 ó 0.2 ó 1.2 ó 

 Black locust -1.5 3.1 -0.8 2.8 -1.1 8.0 

 Elm 0.4 ó 0.4 ó 0.2 ó 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 14.9 3.4 13.9 1.8 28.7 6.4 

 Total hardwoods 156.6 62.2 153.6 57.8 704.8 223.3 

All species 100.2 193.6 189.0 95.6 926.1 378.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
50

Table 39óAverage annual removals of growing stock on timberland by species and diameter class,

Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 5.0ñ 7.0ñ 9.0ñ 11.0ñ 13.0ñ 15.0ñ 17.0ñ 19.0ñ 21.0ñ

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 3.9 ó 0.1 1.0 1.9 0.4 0.5 ó ó ó ó 

 Loblolly pine 0.5 ó ó 0.3 ó 0.1 0.1 ó ó ó ó 

 Virginia pine 11.9 0.7 3.5 4.2 2.0 1.0 0.3 0.2 ó ó ó 

 Pitch pine 1.0 ó ó 0.4 0.2 0.2 ó 0.2 ó ó ó 

 Table Mountain pine 0.7 ó 0.1 ó 0.2 0.1 0.2 ó ó ó ó 

 Eastern white pine 19.4 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.7 3.3 2.7 1.9 1.6 5.0 0.2 

 Eastern hemlock 0.5 ó 0.2 ó ó 0.1 0.1 0.1 ó ó ó 

 Total softwoods 37.8 1.3 5.1 7.3 5.9 5.1 3.9 2.3 1.6 5.0 0.2 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 5.1 0.1 ó 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.2 

 Select red oaks 4.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.6 

 Other white oaks 4.8 ó ó 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.1 0.7 0.2 

 Other red oaks 7.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 2.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.4 ó 

 Hickory 3.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 ó 

 Yellow birch 0.4 ó ó ó ó 0.4 ó ó ó ó ó 

 Hard maple 0.6 ó 0.1 ó ó ó ó 0.3 ó 0.3 ó 

 Soft maple 5.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.3 ó 0.5 ó 

 Beech 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 ó ó ó 

 Sweetgum 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 ó 0.1 ó ó ó ó 

 Tupelo and blackgum 0.3 0.2 ó 0.1 ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Ash 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 ó 0.1 0.4 0.2 ó ó 

 Basswood 1.3 ó ó ó 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 ó ó 

 Yellow-poplar 16.0 ó 0.9 0.7 1.7 3.2 2.8 2.6 0.6 2.6 0.8 

 Bay and magnolia 0.1 ó ó ó ó 0.1 ó ó ó ó ó 

 Black cherry 0.7 ó 0.1 0.1 0.1 ó ó ó 0.1 0.3 ó 

 Black walnut 0.3 0.1 ó ó ó ó ó 0.1 ó ó ó 

 Black locust 2.8 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 ó 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 1.8 0.1 0.1 ó 0.1 0.4 0.6 ó 0.4 ó ó 

 Total hardwoods 57.8 2.2 2.9 3.9 8.4 11.6 7.8 7.3 3.3 8.8 1.7 

All species 3.6 95.6 8.0 11.2 14.3 16.7 11.7 9.6 4.9 13.8 1.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

29.0 and

larger
51

Table 40óAverage annual mortality of live trees, growing stock, and sawtimber on timberland

by species, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Species

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 4.4 4.3 15.4 

 Loblolly pine 0.1 0.1 0.7 

 Virginia pine 11.9 11.6 30.2 

 Pitch pine 8.5 8.4 29.9 

 Table Mountain pine 0.6 0.6 1.9 

 Eastern white pine 8.9 8.8 38.8 

 Eastern hemlock 1.8 1.5 6.0 

 Spruce and fir 0.3 0.2 0.8 

 Redcedars 0.1 0.1 0.4 

 Total softwoods 36.6 35.7 124.2 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 3.7 2.5 10.8 

 Select red oaks 6.9 5.4 20.7 

 Other white oaks 7.0 4.6 17.0 

 Other red oaks 12.6 11.6 41.0 

 Hickory 4.7 3.9 14.5 

 Yellow birch 1.2 0.7 1.4 

 Hard maple 0.8 0.6 1.2 

 Soft maple 3.1 1.7 3.0 

 Beech 1.6 1.5 5.4 

 Sweetgum 0.1 ó ó 

 Tupelo and blackgum 0.5 0.1 ó 

 Ash 0.9 0.5 1.5 

 Basswood 0.7 0.6 1.4 

 Yellow-poplar 4.4 3.8 5.9 

 Bay and magnolia 0.1 0.1 ó 

 Black cherry 1.5 1.2 1.4 

 Black walnut 0.8 0.4 0.7 

 Black locust 7.5 5.0 12.8 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 6.3 1.7 3.2 

 Total hardwoods 64.4 46.1 142.0 

All species 81.8 101.0 266.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Million board feet

 Live trees Growing stock Sawtimber

 Million cubic feet
52

Table 41óAverage net annual growth and average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by

ownership class and species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Average net annual growth (million cubic feet )

National forest 43.9 5.9 1.5 4.4 37.9 20.0 17.9 

Other public 6.5 2.3 2.3 ó 4.2 2.8 1.5 

Forest industry 0.6 0.1 0.1 ó 0.6 0.4 0.1 

Nonindustrial private 137.7 27.1 22.2 4.9 110.6 65.4 45.1 

 All classes 189.0 35.4 26.1 9.3 153.6 89.0 64.6 

Average annual removals (million cubic feet )

National forest 8.6 3.0 2.9 0.1 5.6 1.6 4.0 

Other public 1.6 1.4 1.4 ó 0.2 ó 0.2 

Forest industry 0.6 0.1 0.1 ó 0.5 0.1 0.4 

Nonindustrial private 84.8 33.3 32.9 0.4 51.5 24.8 26.7 

 All classes 95.6 37.8 37.3 0.5 57.8 26.6 31.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Table 42óAverage net annual growth and average annual removals of live trees on timberland by

ownership class and species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Average net annual growth (million cubic feet )

National forest 41.1 5.9 1.5 4.3 35.3 19.6 15.6 

Other public 6.1 2.3 2.3 ó 3.8 2.4 1.4 

Forest industry 0.7 0.1 0.1 ó 0.6 0.4 0.2 

Nonindustrial private 145.1 28.7 23.3 5.4 116.4 69.1 47.3 

 All classes 193.6 37.0 27.2 9.7 156.6 92.1 64.5 

Average annual removals (million cubic feet )

National forest 8.7 3.0 2.9 0.1 5.8 1.6 4.1 

Other public 1.6 1.4 1.4 ó 0.2 ó 0.2 

Forest industry 0.6 0.1 0.1 ó 0.5 0.1 0.4 

Nonindustrial private 89.2 33.5 33.1 0.4 55.7 26.0 29.7 

 All classes 100.2 38.0 37.6 0.5 62.2 27.8 34.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
53

Table 43óAverage net annual growth and average annual removals of sawtimber on timberland by

ownership class and species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

National forest 213.1 37.4 18.7 18.7 175.7 94.5 81.2 

Other public 28.2 12.9 12.9 ó 15.2 9.2 6.0 

Forest industry 4.0 1.0 1.0 ó 3.0 2.2 0.8 

Nonindustrial private 678.5 170.0 145.5 24.4 508.5 309.2 199.3 

 All classes 926.1 221.3 178.1 43.2 704.8 417.5 287.3 

National forest 35.5 13.7 13.7 ó 21.8 5.7 16.1 

Other public 6.5 5.4 5.4 ó 1.1 ó 1.1 

Forest industry 3.1 0.9 0.9 ó 2.2 0.7 1.5 

Nonindustrial private 333.7 135.5 134.0 1.5 198.2 98.4 99.8 

 All classes 378.7 155.5 154.0 1.5 223.3 104.8 118.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Average annual removals (million board feet )

Average net annual growth (million board feet )
54

Table 44óAverage net annual growth of growing stock on timberland by forest-type group, stand origin,

and species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods

Forest-type group All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

and stand origina species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted 2.4 2.4 2.4 ó 0.1 0.0 0.0 

 Natural 13.8 10.2 9.5 0.8 3.6 2.3 1.2 

 Total 16.2 12.6 11.8 0.8 3.6 2.4 1.3 

 Spruce-fir

 Planted ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Natural 0.6 0.6 ó 0.6 -0.0 ó -0.0

 Total 0.6 0.6 ó 0.6 -0.0 ó -0.0

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted 1.1 1.1 1.1 ó ó ó ó 

 Natural 5.1 0.1 -0.1 0.2 5.0 2.9 2.1 

 Total 6.2 1.1 1.0 0.2 5.0 2.9 2.1 

 Total softwoods 23.3 14.3 12.8 1.5 9.0 5.6 3.4 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted 0.1 0.1 0.1 ó ó ó ó 

 Natural 21.0 9.0 8.3 0.7 12.0 7.5 4.5 

 Total 21.1 9.1 8.4 0.7 12.0 7.5 4.5 

 Oak-hickory 141.7 11.9 4.9 6.9 129.9 74.4 55.5 

 Maple-beech-birch 3.0 0.2 ó 0.2 2.7 1.5 1.3 

 Total hardwoods 165.8 21.2 13.3 7.9 144.6 83.4 61.3 

Nonstocked ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

All groups 35.4 189.0 26.1 9.7 154.0 89.0 64.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

a Classifications at the beginning of the remeasurement period.

Million cubic feet

Hardwoods
55

Table 45óAverage annual removals of growing stock on timberland by forest-type group, stand origin,

and species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990ñ2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

Forest-type group All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

and stand origina species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted 1.5 1.5 1.5 ó ó ó ó 

 Natural 11.9 10.7 10.6 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.9 

 Total 13.4 12.2 12.1 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.9 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Natural 14.5 14.0 14.0 ó 0.5 0.2 0.3 

 Total 14.5 14.0 14.0 ó 0.5 0.2 0.3 

 Total softwoods 27.9 26.2 26.1 0.1 1.7 0.5 1.2 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

 Natural 14.8 7.6 7.3 0.2 7.2 4.5 2.7 

 Total 14.8 7.6 7.3 0.2 7.2 4.5 2.7 

 Oak-hickory 49.1 4.0 3.9 0.1 45.1 19.9 25.2 

 Maple-beech-birch 3.8 ó ó ó 3.8 1.7 2.1 

 Total hardwoods 67.7 11.6 11.2 0.4 56.1 26.1 30.0 

Nonstocked ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

All groups 37.8 95.6 37.3 0.5 57.8 26.6 31.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

a Classifications at the beginning of the remeasurement period.

Million cubic feet
56

Table 46óFresh weight of live trees on timberland by ownership class, species group, and tree component,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Growing-stock trees Cull trees

 Stumps,

Ownership class All All live tops, and

and species group components saplings Total Boles limbs Total Boles

National forest

 Softwood 15,711.4 756.5 14,542.7 12,449.4 2,093.3 412.3 305.1 107.2 

 Hardwood 113,337.3 7,437.2 95,564.0 78,398.3 17,165.7 10,336.2 8,004.8 2,331.4 

 Total 129,048.7 8,193.6 110,106.6 90,847.7 19,259.0 10,748.5 8,309.9 2,438.6 

Other public

 Softwood 1,598.7 92.2 1,469.3 1,254.4 214.9 37.2 29.7 7.5 

 Hardwood 13,692.6 754.3 11,442.9 9,400.1 2,042.8 1,495.5 1,169.7 325.8 

 Total 15,291.3 846.5 12,912.2 10,654.5 2,257.7 1,532.7 1,199.4 333.3 

Forest industry

 Softwood 85.5 ó 85.5 72.0 13.5 ó ó ó 

 Hardwood 3,001.6 315.9 2,418.9 1,988.1 430.9 266.8 204.5 62.3 

 Total 3,087.1 315.9 2,504.4 2,060.1 444.4 266.8 204.5 62.3 

Nonindustrial private

 Softwood 49,999.4 2,321.8 45,763.9 39,016.1 6,747.8 1,913.7 1,614.4 299.3 

 Hardwood 286,197.9 19,450.4 234,095.1 193,296.3 40,798.8 32,652.4 25,586.0 7,066.5 

 Total 336,197.2 21,772.2 279,859.0 232,312.4 47,546.6 34,566.1 27,200.4 7,365.7 

All ownerships

 Softwood 67,394.9 3,170.5 61,861.3 52,791.9 9,069.5 2,363.2 1,949.2 414.0 

 Hardwood 416,229.4 27,957.7 343,520.9 283,082.8 60,438.1 44,750.9 34,965.0 9,785.9 

 Total 483,624.3 31,128.1 405,382.2 335,874.6 69,507.6 47,114.0 36,914.2 10,199.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Component

Stumps,

tops, and

limbs

Thousand tons
57

Table 47óArea of timberland treated or disturbed annually and retained in timberland by 

treatment or disturbance and ownership class, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990 to 2002

Ownership class

Treatment or All Forest Nonindustrial

disturbance classes Public industry private

Thousand acres

Final harvest 9.4 1.6 0.2 7.7 

Partial harvesta 0.8 17.3 ó 16.4 

Seed tree/shelterwood 0.5 ó ó 0.5 

Commercial thinning 1.1 0.5 ó 0.6 

Other stand improvement 2.1 ó ó 2.1 

Site preparation 2.0 0.4 ó 1.6 

Artificial regenerationb 0.1 1.3 ó 1.1 

Natural regenerationb 0.9 15.9 0.2 14.8 

Other treatment 8.8 0.2 ó 8.6 

Natural disturbance

 Disease 2.1 0.3 ó 1.8 

 Insects 10.1 4.2 ó 5.9 

 Fire 6.4 3.9 ó 2.5 

 Weather 6.4 1.1 ó 5.3 

 Animals ó ó ó ó 

Other disturbances

 Grazing 4.1 ó ó 4.1 

 Other human-caused disturbance 11.2 0.3 ó 10.9 

Since some acres experience more than one treatment or disturbance, there are no column totals. Numbers in

rows may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

a Includes high-grading and some selective cutting.

b Includes establishment of trees for timber production on forest and nonforest land.
58

Table 48óArea of timberland treated or disturbed annually and retained in timberland by treatment or

disturbance and forest management type, Mountains of North Carolina, 1990 to 2002

Forest management typea

Treatment or All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland

disturbance types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Final harvest 9.4 0.1 3.1 0.5 5.8 ó ó 

Partial harvestb ó 17.3 2.5 2.2 12.6 ó ó 

Seed tree/shelterwood 0.5 ó ó ó 0.5 ó ó 

Commercial thinning 1.1 1.1 ó ó ó ó ó 

Other stand improvement 2.1 0.6 0.9 0.7 ó ó ó 

Site preparation 2.0 0.6 1.0 ó 0.4 ó ó 

Other treatment 8.8 0.5 1.7 0.5 6.0 ó ó 

Natural disturbance

 Disease 2.1 ó 0.9 ó 1.3 ó ó 

 Insects 10.1 0.5 5.1 2.5 2.0 ó ó 

 Fire 6.4 0.6 1.0 0.3 4.5 ó ó 

 Weather 6.4 ó 1.8 0.6 4.0 ó ó 

 Animals ó ó ó ó ó ó ó 

Other disturbances

 Grazing 4.1 ó ó 0.6 3.5 ó ó 

 Other human-caused disturbance 11.2 ó 2.1 0.5 8.6 ó ó 

Since some acres experience more than one treatment or disturbance, there are no column totals. Numbers in rows may not sum

to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

a Classification before treatment or disturbance.

b Includes high-grading and some selective cutting.
59

Table 49óArea of timberland regenerated annually by type of regeneration and forest management type,

Mountains of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management typea

Type of All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland

regeneration types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Artificial regeneration

 following harvest 1.0 0.4 ó ó 0.6 ó ó 

Natural regeneration

 following harvest 4.8 ó 0.7 0.2 3.9 ó ó 

Other artificial regeneration

 on forest land 0.1 0.1 ó ó ó ó ó 

Other natural regeneration

 on forest land 4.5 ó ó 0.6 3.8 ó ó 

Artificial regeneration on

 former nonforest land 0.6 0.6 ó ó ó ó ó 

Natural reversion of

 former nonforest land 6.6 ó 1.1 1.0 4.4 ó ó 

 Total 17.7 1.2 1.8 1.9 12.8 ó ó 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (ó) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

a Classification after regeneration.
61

The Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, is

dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of

the Nationís forest resources for sustained yields of wood,

water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research,

cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management

of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strivesóas directed

by Congressóto provide increasingly greater service to a growing

Nation.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination

in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national

origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation,

or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape,

etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202ñ720ñ2600 (voice

and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of

Civil Rights, Room 326ñW, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence

Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250ñ9410 or call 202ñ720ñ5964 (voice

or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Brown, Mark J. 2003. Forest statistics for the mountains of North

Carolina, 2002. Resour. Bull. SRSñ87. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.

59 p.

This report summarizes a 2002 inventory of the forest resources of

a 21-county area of North Carolina. Major findings are highlighted

in text and graphics; detailed data are presented in 49 tables.

Keywords: Forest ownership, timberland, timber growth, timber

removals, timber volume.
62

United States

Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern

Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

200 Weaver Blvd.

Asheville, NC 28802

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

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