Environmentally ResponsibleLubricants•Protection of the marine environment•Environmental challenges•Applications & environmental risk•Environmental performance•Global environmental legislation•Misleading product claims•Composition of environmental products•Mechanisms of breakdown•Performance assurance•GreenDeck productsAgendaExploring the unknown......•>70% of the planet is covered by water•Regulate climate, provide drinking water, supportmarine life andecosystems•96% of surface waters damaged by human activity•Focus is always on major spills –Torrey Canyon, Amoco Cadiz, ExxonValdez, Sea Empress, Braer.....•Quantity of minor spills imperfectlydocumented, only those prosecutedare recorded.•Leakage from stern tubes, thrusters,deck machinery not even properlyrecorded. Somewhere between300,000 and 600,000 tonnes perannum.The environmental impact of shippingLegislation framework•International Marine Marpol Annex I•National Marine e.g. US Clean Water Act,EPA Vessel Permit rule•Local Marine e.g. Gothenburg Harbour Clean Ship•Classification Societies e.g. RINA Green Plus•Supply Chain e.g. The Clean Shipping Project•Offshore OSPARWhat happens in the event of a spill?Ifourcustomer is responsible for a spill:1. theiroperation is damaging the environment;2. their license to operate can be revoked;3. their operation maybe suspended with large fines imposed;4. their operational efficiency will be compromised tofacilitate investigations;5. their corporate reputation will be affected; and6. their current contracts may be lost as their customers strive to improve their standards and appointcompliant partnersHelping reduce their environmental impact gives ourcustomers a positivecommercial benefit, which can be shared with theirsuppliers.ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGESKey Drivers•Increasing environmental legislation•Corporate Social and Environmental ResponsibilityEnvironmentally responsible lubricantsAreas and degrees of risk.Discharges inusePotential Spillor LeakEnclosedmachineryStern TubesCranehydraulicsEnginesThrustersWinch orwindlass gearsGearboxesBOP ControlsCrane wiresCargo pump drivesProcess pumpsWhat do we mean by “Environmentallyresponsible lubricants”?•Environmental performance is an improvementover conventional lubricants.•Physical performance is equivalent to or betterthan the conventional lubricant it replaces•Compatible with most normal constructionmaterials and seals so easily filled into existingequipment.•Reduced impact on the environment•No compromise on reliability•Easily retro-fitted to existing equipmentHow do we measure environmentalperformance?•Environmental performance is characterised by:–Marine Toxicity•On four different organisms–Persistence•Biodegradation in sea water–Bioaccumulation•Bioaccumulation potential–RenewabilityOSPAR Environmental Performance•Environmental performance characterised by–Persistence•Biodegradation in seawater–Bioaccumulation–Bioaccumulation potential–Marine Toxicity•On North Sea (4 species) and Gulf of Mexico (2 species) marineorganisms•Regional specific testing e.g. Australia–“Sheen” is measured in Gulf of Mexico•Non-sheen products may not enable you to detect when they’respilled, causing increased environmental pollution•Spills of non-sheen products should still be reported to the regulators•It’s much more than just biodegradation!How do we measure marine environmentalperformance?Biodegradation (OECD 306)•The tendency of a substance to break down in the environmentdue to biological action–Measured by establishing the rate of biodegradationof the substance inseawater over a 28-day period (test method OECD 306)–Example: Biodegradation = 73% means the substancehas biodegradedby 73% over a 28-day period–The higher the test result the better (i.e. a result of 73% is better than13%)Lubricant+Microorganisms +water + oxygenCarbonDioxide, water+ biomassMisleading Environmental Claims•Most claims centred around 1 of the 3 key environmental criteria (biodegradation,bioaccumulation & toxicity)•Misleading Environmental Claims–Many generic environmental claims•“environmentally aware”, “environmentally acceptable”, “environmentallyfriendly” - do not necessarily have a scientific basis.–Food grade (FDA oils) – low human toxicity, but potential high marine toxicity–Fresh water or soil performance – is this relevant to the marine environment?–Non sheen – how do you detect & report a spill?Marine Environmental Requirements•Products should be tested for the marine environmentComposition of environmental products•Mineral white oils, “food grade” oils–Not necessarily non-toxic to marine life–Not necessarily biodegradable in marine environment–Low natural lubricity, high dependency on additives–Limited (and unpredictable) service life–Good materials compatibility–Not renewable materials•Glycols–Water soluble so readily disperse when spilled–High density so sink when spilled–Good thermal and oxidative stability–Not necessarily biodegradable–Not necessarily non-toxic to marine life–Materials compatibility issues–Not renewable materialsComposition of environmental products•Esters–Very large family of materials•Reaction between an acid and an alcohol•Acid + Alcohol <> Ester + Water–Great range depending upon components reacted together–Large differences in stability•Naturally occurring esters (vegetable oils) have goodbiodegradability but poor stability, particularly temperature–Large differences in materials compatibility–Large differences in renewability depending where raw materials aresourced“Biodegradable” Oils - Equipment Concerns•Fluid Life–Degradation by three possible mechanisms•Oxidation (combination with air)•Thermal (heat, carbonisation)•Hydrolysis (breakdown in contact with water)•Equipment Operating Parameters–Fluid Characteristics•Viscosity / temperature characteristics•Pour point•Reliability–Elastomer compatibility•Retrofit of seals–Filterability problems•Combination of additives with water–Rapid additive depletion•Dependence upon additives for performance instead of base oil propertiesGreenDeck•All products tested for the marine environment•Products need to pass “2 out of 3” criteria in comparison withconventional grades•Demonstrable improvement in environmental performance•“3rd” criteria must be a significant improvement in comparison withcurrent environmental legislative requirementsNo compromise on reliabilityTrack Record•Environmentally responsible hydraulic fluids to replace standard mineral oilswere first introduced in 1992.Performance testing•Bench marking against standard mineral lubricants in bench and rig tests.•Compliance with industry specifications such as ISO15380 forenvironmentally responsible hydraulic fluids.•Field Trials establish performance in real life conditions.OEM Endorsement•Ongoing dialogue to ensure that new technologies are accepted and toprovide assurance that products meet their operational requirements.GreenDeck Product Range•BioBar Hydraulic Fluids•BioStat Stern tube & Thruster Lubricants•BioTrans Gear Lubricants•BioTac EP2 General Purpose Grease•BioTac OG Jacking Grease•FZG Failure Stage67891011121314Stern tube Oil Engine Oil BioStat10022068Micropitting Resistance567891011Stern tube Oil Engine Oil BioStatCastrol BioStat: stern tube andthrusters.Viscosity range•Readily emulsifiable – absorbs up to 20%water without compromising it’s lubricatingperformance.•Compatible with the common elastomerseal materials used in thrusters and sterntubes.•Excellent Gear lubricant performance –exceeds FZG stage 12 and offers excellentmicro-pitting resistance–Protects gear components in thrustersand gearboxes.–Ensures equipment reliability in service.•Hydrolytic stability ensures a long life inservice.150324668100Viscosity range•High viscosity index and low pour point:–Allows start-up at low temperatures–Provides thicker lubricating film and therefore enhanced componentprotection at high temperatures•Excellent wear and corrosion protection, providinglong term machineryprotection.•Lower coefficient of friction than conventional hydraulic fluids reduces energylosses and improves slow speed/high load system response.•Higher oxidation stability than mineral oil based product gives longer servicelife.Castrol BioBar: hydraulic fluids150220Castrol BioTrans: gear lubricantsViscosity range•Provides high levels of gear protection tomaximise reliability and minimisemaintenance costs•Provides long term machinery protectionand extended oil life•High viscosity index and lower pour pointallowsStart-ups at low temperaturesProvides thicker lubricating film at hightemperaturesAdditional anti-wear protectionCastrol BioTac EP 2 Grease•Good resistance against water spray off reducingthe frequency of application•Good pumpability at low temperatures (operatingtemperature range from -35 to 120 °C) facilitatinguse of pressurised lubrication equipment.•Good Load carrying capacity and anticorrosionproperties protecting equipment and reducing costs0 10 20 30 40 50 60Loss % wtSulphonate ComplexLithium ComplexBioTacWater Spray-off Resistance(Test: ASTM D4049)Castrol BioTac OG – Jacking GreaseCastrol BioTac OG – Jacking Grease•Environmental performance:-–Fully compliant with OSPAR 2007 legislation–All base oils and additives either PLONOR or classified as “yellow” in Norway–No substitutable components–Base oil derived from renewable resources•Physical performance:-–Comparable lubricant performance to conventional products–Adherent to wet steel–Applicable in low ambient temperatures–Applicable by automated dispensers•Advanced synthetic base oil technology•Superior technical performanceGears performance – Protection of componentsLow friction coefficients – Energy savings•Wide temperature rangeConsistent equipment performance – Improved reliability•Miscible & compatibleOther oilsSeals & paintsFiltersProduct range – performance benefitsProduct range – environmental benefits•Key environmental performancebenefits:-Superior biodegradationSignificantly reduced bioaccumulationand toxicityEnhanced renewability•Reduced environmental impact compared to conventional lubricantsGreendeck AvailabilityAmericasUSAMAMAItalySpainTurkeyUAENorthern EuropeBelgiumDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyNetherlandsNorwaySwedenUKASPACChinaJapanHong KongSingaporeKoreaMicrosoft ExcelWorksheet