Occupational 2004–05

Projections and Edition

Training Data 

 

U.S. Department of Labor 

Elaine L. Chao, Secretary 

Bureau of Labor Statistics 

Kathleen Utgoff, Commissioner 

March 2004 

Bulletin 2572 
ii 

Preface

This statistical and research supplement to the 2004–05 

Occupational Outlook Handbook presents detailed, comprehensive statistics that are used in preparing the Handbook. In discussing how the data are prepared and other 

topics, the supplement offers information that is valuable to 

training officials, education planners, vocational and employment counselors, jobseekers, and others interested in 

occupational information. This edition of the supplement is 

the 17th in a series dating back to 1971. 

Chapter I introduces a new analytical product that describes the educational attainment distribution of 25- to 44-

year-olds for each of the detailed national employment matrix occupations, based on data drawn from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS). This new information presents 

an improved picture of entry paths for national employment 

matrix occupations and complements information provided 

since 1994 on the most significant single source of postsecondary education or training. Occupations are grouped into 

broad education clusters on the basis of their educational 

attainment distributions. Occupations within each cluster 

that are relatively high-wage and projected to have highemployment growth are identified and the contribution of 

each occupation to total projected employment change is 

measured. 

Chapter II discusses the structure of the 2002–12 national employment matrix and the challenges posed by 

changes in classification systems. Although conversion to 

the 2000 Standard Occupational System (SOC) was necessary for the 2000–10 projections, the new 2002–12 projections are the first to also reflect the 2002 North American 

Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Chapter III presents detailed information about all occupations in the national employment matrix. In addition to 

presenting statistics on employment and employment 

changes, growth rates, job openings, and self-employed 

workers, table III–1 includes rankings, from very low to 

very high, for a number of variables. The table also identifies the most significant source of postsecondary education 

or training and provides new information on the educational 

attainment distribution of 24- to 44-year olds for each occupation. The table supplies the user with a comprehensive 

picture of a specific occupation and makes it easier to compare the attributes of different occupations. The data used 

in preparing the table are available electronically for those 

who want to arrange them differently for analytical purposes. 

Changes in industry employment and in the utilization 

of an occupation within an industry affect occupational employment. Chapter IV presents information about the factors driving these changes. 

The concept of replacement needs often is confusing. 

Chapter V explains what the data on replacement needs 

represent and describes how the data were prepared. Projected replacement rates and estimates of replacement 

needs for 2002–12 also are presented. 

Finally, data from the National Center for Education 

Statistics on completions of institutional education and 

training programs by field of study appear in chapter VI. 

In all cases, national data are provided. Data for States 

and local areas may be obtained from sources identified in 

the appendix. 

Art Andreassen, Doug Braddock, C. Hall Dillon, 

Tamara Dillon, David Frank, Jeff Gruenert, Michael Horrigan, Henry Kasper, William Lawhorn, Jonathan Kelinson, 

Roger Moncarz, Erik Savisaar, Terry Schau, Joel Segaloff, 

Lynn Shniper, and Ian Wyatt prepared this bulletin. 

Theresa Cosca, Supervisory Economist, Division of Occupational Outlook, and Alan Eck, Manager, Occupational 

Outlook Studies, supervised its preparation under the general guidance and direction of Michael W. Horrigan, Assistant Commissioner for Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections, and Mike Pilot, Chief, Division of 

Occupational Outlook. Editorial work was provided by 

Edith Baker, under the supervision of Mary Kay Rieg. 

Cover artwork was designed by Andy Attiliis. 

For further information about material contained in this 

bulletin, please call the Chief, Division of Occupational 

Outlook, at (202) 691-5703. Material in this publication is 

in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be 

reproduced without permission. This information is available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-

8339. 
iii

Contents 

Chapter Page

 I. Educational Attainment Data Improve Occupational Analyses..................................................................................... 1 

 Addressing the need for information about occupational educational attainment....................................................... 1 

 Using the educational attainment distributions to identify occupational education clusters ....................................... 2 

 Comparing the most significant source of postsecondary education or training with the occupational 

 education clusters ................................................................................................................................................ 3 

 How many jobs are projected to be filled by high school graduates (or those with less education), 

 those with some college, and those with a bachelor’s degree or higher?............................................................. 34 

 What will be the high-demand occupations over the 2002–12 projection period?...................................................... 35 

 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 35 

 II. The 2002–12 National Employment Matrix Structure .................................................................................................. 42 

 2002–12 projections use the 2000 SOC system and the 2002 NAICS .......................................................................... 43 

III. Selected Occupational Data, 2002 and Projected 2012................................................................................................. 65 

 Data presented............................................................................................................................................................. 65 

 Using ranked information............................................................................................................................................ 68 

 IV. Factors Affecting Industry Employment and Occupational Utilization, 2002–12......................................................... 115 

 Industry employment................................................................................................................................................... 115 

 Occupational utilization .............................................................................................................................................. 115

 V. Estimating Occupational Replacement Needs............................................................................................................... 161 

 Concepts and definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 161 

 Developing measures of total separations ................................................................................................................... 163 

 Developing measures of net separations...................................................................................................................... 164 

 Projected replacement rates......................................................................................................................................... 165 

 Replacement rates based on the Occupational Employment Statistics survey............................................................. 167 

 Frequently asked questions about replacement data ................................................................................................... 168 

 VI. Education and Training Statistics.................................................................................................................................. 186 

 

Appendix. Sources of State and Local Labor Market and Career Information .......................................................................... 204 

Tables: 

 I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational 

attainment distribution, by occupation ................................................................................................................ 4 

 I–2. Distribution of educational attainment in 2002 based on actual CPS distribution and education clusters................. 34 

 I–3. Distribution of educational attainment of projected employment change over the 2002–12 period based on 

education clusters ................................................................................................................................................ 34 

 I–4. Cumulative proportion of total 2002 employment level and 2002–12 projected employment change accounted for 

by high-wage, high-growth occupations.............................................................................................................. 36 

 II–1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002....................................................................................... 49

 II–2. National employment matrix industry directory, 2002.............................................................................................. 60 

 III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002................................ 70

 III–2. Employment for occupations not presented in the national employment matrix, 2002............................................. 114

 IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012..................................................................... 116

 IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12 ................................................................................... 125

 IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization, 2002–12................................................................................................. 141

 V–1. Net separations for registered nurses and for waiters and waitresses, by age group, 1997–2002.............................. 164

 V–2. Net separations in selected teaching occupations, by age group, 1997–2002 ........................................................... 165

 V–3. Net separations in selected teaching occupations, adjusted summary occupation, by age group, 1997–2002 .......... 166

 V–4. Net replacement data for registered nurses by age group, 2002–12 .......................................................................... 167 

 V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12 ................................................... 169

 VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02............................................................................................ 187 

Figure: 

1. Total and net occupational entrants and separations, February 1999 to February 2000.............................................. 162 
1

Chapter I. Educational Attainment Data Improve 

Occupational Analyses 

Over the past decade, BLS has identified the most significant single source of postsecondary education or training 

for each occupation for which employment projections are 

estimated. Although this classification system is an important source of career advice for individual occupations, the 

practice of aggregating data within categories results in 

misleading information about the educational requirements 

of projected employment growth. Newly developed educational attainment data address this problem. This chapter 

of Occupational Projections and Training Data introduces 

a new analytical product that describes the educational attainment distribution of 25- to 44-year-olds in each of the 

725 occupations for which employment projections have 

been estimated for the 2002–12 period. For each occupation, the percentages of employees aged 25 to 44 years with 

a high school degree or less, with some college (including, 

but not limited to, recipients of associate degrees), and with 

at least a bachelor’s degree are presented. 1 The estimates 

are based on data drawn from the Current Population Survey (CPS) over 2000–02. These data provide important 

information that complements the most significant single 

source of postsecondary education or training assigned by 

BLS analysts to each occupation. 

The data on the educational attainment distribution of 

occupations also are used to identify education clusters of 

occupations that provide a natural hierarchical sorting of 

those occupations that reflects increasing levels of skill, 

education, and training. These clusters are used to construct estimates of the number of projected jobs that will be 

filled by those with a high school diploma or less, those 

with some college, and those with a bachelor’s degree or 

higher. In addition, the clusters are used to develop lists of 

high-wage, high-demand occupations for the 2002–12 

projection period. 

Addressing the need for information about 

occupational educational attainment 

BLS identifies 11 education and training categories that 

describe, for each occupation, the most significant postsecondary education or training pathway to employment in 

that occupation. To assign occupations to these categories, 

BLS economists acquire a considerable body of knowledge 

about occupations and industries based on data from both 

the Bureau itself and other government and private organizations, as well as through interviews with representatives 

of professional and trade associations, unions, educators, 

and training experts, among other sources. For some occupations, such as physicians and lawyers, the education and 

 

1

 A sensitivity analysis of the results to the choice of the 25- to 44-yearold age group is presented on page 41. 

training preparation is straightforward, because it is established by government laws and regulations. For other occupations, such as computer programmers or industrial 

machinery repairers, jobs may vary considerably in their 

educational and training requirements. When an occupation has more than one path of entry, BLS identifies the one 

that research suggests is most preferred by employers.2

The 11 extant categories of education and training are as 

follows: 

1. First professional degree 

2. Doctoral degree 

3. Master’s degree 

4. Bachelor’s or higher degree, plus work experience 

5. Bachelor’s degree 

6. Associate degree 

7. Postsecondary vocational award 

8. Work experience in a related occupation 

9. Long-term on-the-job training 

10. Moderate-term on-the-job training 

11. Short-term on-the-job training 

By construction, these categories are intended to be mutually exclusive and exhaustive. The order in which the 

categories are listed, from top to bottom, reflects a range 

from highest to lowest entry requirements. The principal 

purpose of this classification system is to provide career 

advice as to the most significant source of postsecondary 

training needed for entry into the various occupations. 

In the past, however, the categories listed also have 

been used by numerous analysts (including BLS analysts) to 

calculate the percentage of projected net employment 

growth that will occur in occupations that “require” a 

bachelor’s degree or higher or that require some college. 

The calculation involves subsuming the 11 categories under three educational classifications. Typically, analysts 

have assumed that categories 1–5 represent the “bachelor’s 

degree or higher” classification and categories 6 and 7 the 

“some college” classification. Although categories 8–11 

do not have an explicit educational attainment component 

and are reserved for occupations that offer on-the-job training or that generally require experience in a related occupation, analysts have inferred that these occupations combined represent a residual category of “high school or less.” 

Most often, this inference is made explicit by assuming that 

the total level of projected employment in the first two aggregate categories, “bachelor’s degree or higher” and 

“some college,” is an estimate of the total number of pro-

 

2

 The material in this paragraph was adapted from descriptive material 

published by the BLS Projections Program. 
2

jected jobs requiring at least some college education. 

Using the education-and-training categories to describe 

the educational attainment of workers in occupations can 

be quite problematic, especially because they are not intended for that purpose. To see this, consider the occupations in categories 8–11. Jobs that generally require shortterm on-the-job training (category 11) are ones for which 

less than 1 month of training suffices. Moderate-term 

training (category 10) is assumed to last more than 1 month 

and less than 12, and long-term training (category 9) lasts 

more than 1 year. Jobs that generally require work experience in a related occupation (category 8) are assumed to 

require a level of accumulated skills and experience higher 

than that of jobs in the long-term on-the-job-training category. 

Although it seems reasonable to argue that a job in 

which a person can be trained in less than 1 month should 

be placed in the “high school or less” classification, the 

implicit or explicit use of that label to describe jobs in 

which the usual pathway is to undertake moderate or longterm training may be a misleading description of the educational hiring preferences of employers. In any number of 

occupations that put a new employee through a lengthy 

course of on-the-job training, one may not be surprised to 

find that employers typically try to hire individuals with at 

least some college education (or even a bachelor’s degree). 

In other occupations, a high school diploma may suffice. 

The point is that the link to the educational attainment preferences of employers is not automatic. 

The addition of information on the distribution of educational attainment of each occupation highlights the fact 

that there are often multiple pathways into an occupation. 

For example, the most significant source of postsecondary 

education or training for electricians is long-term on-thejob training. However, assuming that an occupation is in 

the “high school or less” educational classification is inconsistent with actual data on educational attainment in the 

occupation: according to 2000–02 CPS data, although half 

of electricians aged 25 to 44 years are high school graduates, 44 percent have some college as their highest level of 

educational attainment. Owing to the fact that the most 

significant source of postsecondary education or training 

does not provide sufficient information on the educational 

background of employees, BLS will no longer use the classification system just described as the basis for constructing 

estimates of the total number of projected jobs generally 

requiring various levels of education or training. In the 

material that follows, an alternative paradigm is presented 

for estimating the number of projected jobs that will be 

filled by those with a high school education or less, those 

with some college, and those with a bachelor’s degree or 

higher. This paradigm groups occupations into broad education clusters on the basis of their educational attainment 

distributions and uses those clusters to construct the desired 

estimates. 

The education clusters also are used to develop an approach to answering the question “What are the good jobs 

for those with and for those without a bachelor’s degree?” 

Within each education cluster, occupations that pay a relatively high wage and that are projected to have high employment growth are identified, and the contribution of 

each occupation to the total projected employment change 

is measured. 

Using the educational attainment distributions to 

identify occupational education clusters

Six education clusters are defined on the basis of the distribution of educational attainment across occupations. A 

high school occupation is defined as an occupation in 

which the percentage of employees aged 25 to 44 years and 

having high school as their highest level of educational 

attainment is greater than or equal to 60 percent—and the 

percentages of those with some college or with a bachelor’s 

degree or higher are each less than 20 percent.3

 Occupations requiring some college and college occupations are 

similarly defined. Three “mixture” occupations are defined. An occupation requiring high school/some college is 

defined as an occupation in which the percentages of those 

with at most a high school diploma or some college as their 

highest level of educational attainment are each greater 

than 20 percent, while the percentage with a bachelor’s 

degree or higher is less than 20 percent. The other two 

mixture clusters, some college/college and high 

school/some college/college are similarly defined. The 

definitions of the six clusters are given in exhibit 1. 

Exhibit 1. Definitions of education clusters 

 

3

 The age grouping of 25 to 44 years is used, although, in some cases, 

proxy estimates were obtained by estimating the educational distribution 

of those 25 years and older or 16 years and older. 

Percent of employees aged 25 to 44 in the 

occupation whose highest level of 

educational attainment is— Education 

cluster High school 

or less 

Some college 

(including 

associate 

degree) 

Bachelor’s 

degree or 

higher 

High school 

occupations 

Greater than 

or equal to 60 

percent 

Less than 20 

percent 

Less than 20 

percent 

High school/some 

college 

occupations 

Greater than 

or equal to 20 

percent 

Greater than 

or equal to 20 

percent 

Less than 20 

percent 

Some college 

occupations 

Less than 20 

percent 

Greater than 

or equal to 60 

percent 

Less than 20 

percent 

High school/some 

college/ college 

occupations 

Greater than 

or equal to 20 

percent 

Greater than 

or equal to 20 

percent 

Greater than 

or equal to 20 

percent 

Some college/ 

college occupations 

Less than 20 

percent 

Greater than 

or equal to 20 

percent 

Greater than 

or equal to 20 

percent 

College 

occupations 

Less than 20 

percent 

Less than 20 

percent 

Greater than 

or equal to 60 

percent 
3

Based on the logic of these definitions, one cluster that 

is missing from the list is the set of high school/college 

mixture occupations. These are occupations in which the 

percentage of employees with some college is less than 20 

percent, while the percentage with high school or less and 

the percentage with a bachelor’s degree or higher are both 

20 percent or greater. Because only eight occupations fell 

into this category, those occupations were reassigned to the 

full mixture cluster, high school/some college/college. 

The order of these clusters from top to bottom is designed to reflect the fact that earnings consistently increase 

with educational attainment. Hence, a high school occupation would be expected to have lower median earnings than 

it would as a high school/some college occupation. In a 

similar way, median earnings for a high school/some college occupation would be expected to be lower than they 

would be as a pure some college occupation. Moving from 

a some college occupation to the full mixture cluster, high 

school/some college/college represents the addition of 

lower high school earnings and higher college earnings, but 

the negative impact of high school earnings is expected to 

be less than the positive impact of college earnings, given 

the increasing relationship between earnings and educational attainment. 

Table I-1 presents the educational attainment distributions of each of the 725 detailed occupations for which BLS

published 2002–12 employment projections. The occupations are sorted first by the six education clusters just defined and then, within each cluster, in descending order 

based on the median earnings of the occupation from the 

2002 OES survey. The 2002 and the 2012 projected employment levels of each occupation are shown, along with 

the numeric and percentage changes in employment over 

the projection period. For detailed information on methodology, see “The educational attainment distribution of occupations: A note on methodology” on page 33. 

Comparing the most significant source of 

postsecondary education or training with the 

occupational education clusters

Table I-1 also shows the most significant source of postsecondary education or training that BLS assigns to each 

occupation.4

 BLS occupational analysts assign these single 

classifications on the basis of extensive research that is 

conducted every 2 years in preparation for the publication 

of the agency’s Occupational Outlook Handbook. Some 

occupations, such as physicians and lawyers, are more easily assigned single education and training levels than others, such as computer programmers or registered nurses. 

The latter two occupations are both assigned the associate 

degree as their most significant source of postsecondary 

education or training. The addition of information on educational attainment distribution underscores the idea that 

that there are often multiple pathways to obtaining entry 

into an occupation and complements information identifying the most significant source of postsecondary education 

 

4

 See Chapter III for additional information about the categories. 

or training. 

In the case of registered nurses, for example, the development of programs that permit entry into the occupation through a combination of associate degree and longterm on-the-job training provides an important alternative 

route to either attending a three-year nursing school or obtaining a bachelor’s degree in nursing. Still, as table I-1 

indicates, 40.1 percent of registered nurses have some college as their highest level of educational attainment, while 

58.1 percent have a bachelor’s degree or higher. In fact, 

the percentage of registered nurses with a bachelor’s degree 

or higher has grown over the last decade, rising from 49 

percent in 1994. However, recent data from the National 

Center for Education Statistics on degrees awarded from 

2001–02 show that the number of associate degrees 

awarded in nursing (41,783) continues to exceed the number of bachelor’s degrees awarded (32,209). This gap may 

be the result of registered nurses initially entering the field 

with an associate degree and then returning later to complete a bachelor’s degree. Alternatively, some may receive 

a bachelor’s degree in another field and return to receive 

nursing training through an associate-degree program. On 

the basis of the balance of the evidence available, BLS continues to assign the associate degree as the most significant 

source of postsecondary education or training for the nursing occupation. The multiplicity of educational pathways 

into nursing, however, underscores the value of adding data 

on the educational attainment distribution of those in the 

occupation. 

The grouping of occupations into the six education 

clusters provides a natural hierarchical sorting of 

occupations based on the training and skill requirements 

found within each cluster. It is not surprising that high 

school occupations all have short, moderate, or long-term 

on-the-job training as their most significant source of 

postsecondary education or training. Nor is it surprising 

that college occupations all have the bachelor’s degree or 

higher as their most significant source of postsecondary 

education or training. By contrast, it is the mixture 

occupations that reflect a substantial diversity in the 

pathways to entry into occupations. In general, the 

occupations classified as “high school/some college” have 

a greater concentration of the short, moderate, and longterm training categories as their single education descriptor, 

while the “some college/college” occupations have a 

greater concentration of higher education awards as their 

single most significant source of postsecondary education 

or training. 

The widest range of training and education categories 

is found in the full-mixture “high school/some college/college” occupations. An occupation such as flight 

attendant is classified as generally requiring long-term onthe-job training as its most significant source of postsecondary education or training, but the hiring pattern of employers results in a diverse mix of those with high school, 

some college, and bachelor’s degree or higher backgrounds. This mix reflects the interplay between training 

requirements and employer preferences for characteristics 

(Text continues on page 34)
4

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

47-2021 Brickmasons and blockmasons ..................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 83.2 13.3 3.5

47-2072 Pile-driver operators7 ..................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 80.5 17.1 2.4

53-5021 Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels ................. Work experience in a related occupation HS 72.4 13.6 13.9

47-4041 Hazardous materials removal workers ........................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 74.3 18.0 7.7

47-2044 Tile and marble setters .................................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS 77.6 18.4 3.9

47-2051 Cement masons and concrete finishers ......................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 85.4 12.7 2.0

47-2081 Drywall and ceiling tile installers .................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.8 13.8 2.3

47-2082 Tapers ............................................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.8 13.8 2.3

47-2181 Roofers .......................................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 84.6 12.1 3.2

47-2041 Carpet installers ............................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 77.6 18.4 3.9

47-2171 Reinforcing iron and rebar workers3 .............................. Long-term on-the-job training HS 83.8 10.7 5.6

47-2053 Terrazzo workers and finishers4 .................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 85.4 12.7 2.0

47-2022 Stonemasons ................................................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS 83.2 13.3 3.5

47-2161 Plasterers and stucco masons ....................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 86.7 10.6 2.7

47-2042 Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles .......... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 77.6 18.4 3.9

53-7041 Hoist and winch operators3 ............................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 78.1 19.4 2.5

47-2071 Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators2 .. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 88.4 11.4 .2

51-7032 Patternmakers, wood7 ................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 70.2 19.4 10.4

47-2141 Painters, construction and maintenance ........................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 77.2 16.9 5.9

45-1000 Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers ....... Work experience in a related occupation HS 77.6 12.1 10.4

53-7021 Crane and tower operators ............................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 87.4 10.9 1.7

47-2073 Operating engineers and other construction

equipment operators ........................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 78.5 19.1 2.4

53-7032 Excavating and loading machine and dragline

operators ............................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.9 15.5 .7

45-3021 Hunters and trappers7 ................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 74.0 18.0 8.0

47-2043 Floor sanders and finishers ............................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 77.6 18.4 3.9

47-5031 Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and

blasters7 .............................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 76.6 19.5 3.8

51-4023 Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic2 ............................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 75.7 18.1 6.2

47-5012 Rotary drill operators, oil and gas5 ................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 69.5 18.1 12.4

51-4035 Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic7 ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 78.4 19.0 2.6

47-5011 Derrick operators, oil and gas5 ...................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 69.5 18.1 12.4

53-7031 Dredge operators4 ......................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.9 15.5 .7

51-4191 Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic2 ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 78.6 18.5 2.9

47-5013 Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining5 ................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 69.5 18.1 12.4

47-5099 Extraction workers, all other2 ......................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.2 14.4 2.4

51-4051 Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders ................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 77.9 18.2 3.9

51-4052 Pourers and casters, metal2 .......................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 78.5 15.5 6.0

53-7121 Tank car, truck, and ship loaders7 ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 77.0 19.5 3.5

45-4021 Fallers4 .......................................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 85.1 10.8 4.1

51-6091 Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,

and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers7 ............. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 80.3 14.5 5.2

53-7033 Loading machine operators, underground mining4 ........ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.9 15.5 .7

47-5061 Roof bolters, mining7 ..................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 76.6 19.5 3.8

53-7111 Shuttle car operators7 .................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 77.0 19.5 3.5

47-4999 All other construction trades and related workers .......... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 81.0 11.4 7.6

49-9095 Manufactured building and mobile home installers ........ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 73.7 18.5 7.8

37-3011 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 76.5 17.7 5.8

49-3092 Recreational vehicle service technicians4 ..................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 87.9 9.8 2.3

51-9111 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ... Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.7 15.5 2.8

49-9098 Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair

workers2 .............................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 83.6 15.5 .9

47-3019 All other helpers, construction trades3 ........................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 82.3 14.0 3.7

47-3016 Helpers—roofers4 .......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.2 12.8 6.1

37-3013 Tree trimmers and pruners ............................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS 76.5 17.7 5.8

51-3023 Slaughterers and meat packers ..................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 81.2 16.2 2.6

47-3013 Helpers—electricians ..................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.2 12.8 6.1

See footnotes at end of table.
5

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

$41,840 VH 148 169 21 14.2 47-2021 Brickmasons and blockmasons

47-2072 Pile-driver operators7 45,420 VH 5 6 0 8.2

 49,850 VH 25 26 1 2.4 53-5021 Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels

 32,460 H 38 54 16 43.1 47-4041 Hazardous materials removal workers

 35,770 H 33 42 9 26.5 47-2044 Tile and marble setters

 30,660 H 182 229 47 26.1 47-2051 Cement masons and concrete finishers

 33,710 H 135 164 29 21.4 47-2081 Drywall and ceiling tile installers

 39,000 H 41 49 8 20.8 47-2082 Tapers

 30,180 H 166 197 31 18.6 47-2181 Roofers

 32,590 H 82 96 14 16.8 47-2041 Carpet installers

47-2171 Reinforcing iron and rebar workers3 36,740 H 29 33 5 16.7

47-2053 Terrazzo workers and finishers4 27,910 H 6 7 1 15.2

 34,040 H 17 19 2 14.1 47-2022 Stonemasons

 33,100 H 59 67 8 13.5 47-2161 Plasterers and stucco masons

 33,590 H 31 35 4 13.4 47-2042 Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles

53-7041 Hoist and winch operators3 31,400 H 9 10 1 13.0

47-2071 Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators2 28,860 H 58 65 7 12.6

51-7032 Patternmakers, wood7 29,780 H 4 5 0 11.8

 29,070 H 448 500 52 11.6 47-2141 Painters, construction and maintenance

 31,140 H 52 58 6 11.4 45-1000 Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers

 36,330 H 50 55 5 10.8 53-7021 Crane and tower operators

47-2073 Operating engineers and other construction

 35,240 H 353 389 37 10.4 equipment operators

53-7032 Excavating and loading machine and dragline

 32,410 H 80 87 7 8.9 operators

45-3021 Hunters and trappers7 30,660 H 1 2 0 6.4

 27,500 H 17 18 1 4.2 47-2043 Floor sanders and finishers

47-5031 Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and

blasters7 35,110 H 5 5 0 2.0

51-4023 Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic2 28,330 H 44 45 1 2.0

47-5012 Rotary drill operators, oil and gas5 33,750 H 14 14 0 1.5

51-4035 Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic7 29,210 H 31 31 0 .8

47-5011 Derrick operators, oil and gas5 29,820 H 15 15 0 .8

53-7031 Dredge operators4 27,730 H 3 3 0 .3

51-4191 Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic2 28,200 H 29 29 0 -.6

47-5013 Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining5 28,670 H 13 13 0 -.8

47-5099 Extraction workers, all other2 29,110 H 12 12 0 -.8

 30,770 H 18 17 0 -.8 51-4051 Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders

51-4052 Pourers and casters, metal2 27,880 H 13 13 0 -2.0

53-7121 Tank car, truck, and ship loaders7 32,500 H 17 17 0 -2.1

45-4021 Fallers4 28,160 H 14 14 0 -3.4

51-6091 Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,

and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers7 27,500 H 27 24 -4 -13.1

53-7033 Loading machine operators, underground mining4 31,930 H 4 3 -1 -14.1

47-5061 Roof bolters, mining7 38,430 H 4 3 -1 -27.7

53-7111 Shuttle car operators7 38,360 H 3 2 -1 -31.3

 22,900 L 110 146 35 32.0 47-4999 All other construction trades and related workers

 23,170 L 18 22 4 23.4 49-9095 Manufactured building and mobile home installers

 19,770 L 1,074 1,311 237 22.0 37-3011 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers

49-3092 Recreational vehicle service technicians4 27,080 L 13 15 3 21.8

 21,210 L 387 468 82 21.2 51-9111 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders

49-9098 Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair

workers2 21,440 L 150 181 30 20.3

47-3019 All other helpers, construction trades3 20,230 L 44 53 9 19.4

47-3016 Helpers—roofers4 20,480 L 21 25 4 19.3

 25,110 L 59 69 11 18.6 37-3013 Tree trimmers and pruners

 20,370 L 128 151 23 18.2 51-3023 Slaughterers and meat packers

 23,090 L 99 117 18 18.0 47-3013 Helpers—electricians

See footnotes at end of table.
6

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

53-7081 Refuse and recyclable material collectors ..................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 79.0 14.6 6.4

47-4091 Segmental pavers4 ........................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 81.0 11.4 7.6

37-9099 All other building and grounds cleaning and

maintenance workers .......................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 79.2 17.3 3.5

47-3014 Helpers—painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and

stucco masons4 .................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.2 12.8 6.1

47-5051 Rock splitters, quarry4 ................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 84.0 12.8 3.3

47-2061 Construction laborers ..................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 79.5 15.6 4.8

47-3012 Helpers—carpenters ...................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.2 12.8 6.1

47-4031 Fence erectors ............................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 75.5 17.5 7.0

53-7011 Conveyor operators and tenders7 .................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 77.0 19.5 3.5

53-7051 Industrial truck and tractor operators ............................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 78.8 17.9 3.3

47-3015 Helpers—pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters2 ........................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS 80.8 13.8 5.4

49-3022 Automotive glass installers and repairers ...................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 77.6 12.7 9.7

51-7031 Model makers, wood7 .................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 70.2 19.4 10.4

37-3012 Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators,

vegetation ............................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 76.5 17.7 5.8

51-3093 Food cooking machine operators and tenders3 ............. Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.7 14.0 4.4

49-3093 Tire repairers and changers ........................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 87.9 9.8 2.3

51-9031 Cutters and trimmers, hand ........................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.1 17.0 1.9

51-3092 Food batchmakers ......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 77.1 18.4 4.5

51-9193 Cooling and freezing equipment operators and

tenders7 .............................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 75.3 19.9 4.8

51-9192 Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment

operators and tenders2 ....................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 88.0 8.9 3.1

51-9032 Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and

tenders ................................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 81.1 17.0 1.9

47-5071 Roustabouts, oil and gas7 .............................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 76.6 19.5 3.8

51-9195 Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and

plastic .................................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 64.6 17.3 18.1

45-2021 Animal breeders7 ........................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 81.8 12.9 5.3

45-9099 All other farming, fishing, and forestry workers .............. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.6 11.8 4.6

51-3091 Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying

machine operators and tenders7 ......................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 76.9 18.9 4.2

47-5081 Helpers—extraction workers7 ........................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS 76.6 19.5 3.8

51-7021 Furniture finishers .......................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 76.3 17.2 6.5

53-5022 Motorboat operators4 ..................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 72.4 13.6 13.9

51-4033 Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool

setters, operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic .................................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 82.5 13.8 3.6

47-3011 Helpers—brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons,

and tile and marble setters3 ................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS 82.3 14.0 3.7

51-9191 Cementing and gluing machine operators and

tenders ................................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 82.7 17.3 .0

51-7041 Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders,

wood .................................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 86.1 13.5 .4

45-4023 Log graders and scalers4 ............................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 85.1 10.8 4.1

53-7063 Machine feeders and offbearers .................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.0 15.7 3.3

51-3021 Butchers and meat cutters ............................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS 81.2 16.2 2.6

51-4193 Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic ................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 86.4 7.4 6.3

45-4022 Logging equipment operators2 ...................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.3 12.5 4.2

51-6093 Upholsterers ................................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 80.1 19.9 .0

51-6062 Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and

tenders2 .............................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 90.7 8.5 .8

51-6092 Fabric and apparel patternmakers7 ............................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 80.3 14.5 5.2

51-6042 Shoe machine operators and tenders4 .......................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.7 10.4 6.0

45-3011 Fishers and related fishing workers ............................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 75.4 16.2 8.4

51-6061 Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and

tenders7 .............................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 88.5 9.8 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
7

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

$24,130 L 134 158 24 17.6 53-7081 Refuse and recyclable material collectors

47-4091 Segmental pavers4 26,940 L 2 3 0 16.5

37-9099 All other building and grounds cleaning and

 20,990 L 125 145 20 16.1 maintenance workers

47-3014 Helpers—painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and

stucco masons4 20,100 L 31 36 5 15.9

47-5051 Rock splitters, quarry4 26,170 L 3 3 0 14.3

 24,740 L 938 1,070 133 14.2 47-2061 Construction laborers

 21,510 L 97 111 14 14.0 47-3012 Helpers—carpenters

 22,160 L 27 31 4 13.4 47-4031 Fence erectors

53-7011 Conveyor operators and tenders7 24,250 L 58 65 7 12.4

 26,070 L 594 659 66 11.1 53-7051 Industrial truck and tractor operators

47-3015 Helpers—pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters2 22,230 L 79 88 9 10.9

 26,890 L 22 24 2 10.7 49-3022 Automotive glass installers and repairers

51-7031 Model makers, wood7 24,740 L 4 5 0 10.3

37-3012 Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators,

 24,830 L 27 30 3 9.7 vegetation

51-3093 Food cooking machine operators and tenders3 21,860 L 34 37 3 8.8

 20,160 L 83 89 7 8.0 49-3093 Tire repairers and changers

 22,020 L 31 33 2 7.6 51-9031 Cutters and trimmers, hand

 21,920 L 74 79 5 7.2 51-3092 Food batchmakers

51-9193 Cooling and freezing equipment operators and

tenders7 21,240 L 7 8 1 7.1

51-9192 Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment

operators and tenders2 22,850 L 18 19 1 6.9

51-9032 Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and

 25,690 L 77 83 5 6.6 tenders

47-5071 Roustabouts, oil and gas7 22,280 L 32 34 2 6.4

51-9195 Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and

 24,700 L 46 49 3 6.4 plastic

45-2021 Animal breeders7 25,090 L 9 10 1 6.1

 21,450 L 96 101 4 4.5 45-9099 All other farming, fishing, and forestry workers

51-3091 Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying

machine operators and tenders7 23,260 L 19 20 1 4.2

47-5081 Helpers—extraction workers7 25,200 L 29 30 1 3.9

 22,710 L 39 41 1 3.3 51-7021 Furniture finishers

53-5022 Motorboat operators4 26,440 L 4 4 0 2.7

51-4033 Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool

setters, operators, and tenders, metal and

 26,120 L 104 106 3 2.4 plastic

47-3011 Helpers—brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons,

and tile and marble setters3 24,390 L 59 61 1 2.2

51-9191 Cementing and gluing machine operators and

 23,190 L 27 28 0 1.0 tenders

51-7041 Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders,

 22,080 L 56 56 0 -.2 wood

45-4023 Log graders and scalers4 27,200 L 10 10 0 -1.2

 21,840 L 164 162 -2 -1.4 53-7063 Machine feeders and offbearers

 25,500 L 132 129 -3 -2.5 51-3021 Butchers and meat cutters

51-4193 Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and

 25,420 L 44 42 -1 -2.6 tenders, metal and plastic

45-4022 Logging equipment operators2 26,790 L 43 41 -2 -3.6

 24,670 L 56 51 -5 -8.7 51-6093 Upholsterers

51-6062 Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and

tenders2 20,320 L 34 26 -8 -22.6

51-6092 Fabric and apparel patternmakers7 26,360 L 11 8 -3 -24.6

51-6042 Shoe machine operators and tenders4 20,600 L 7 5 -2 -26.1

 20,710 L 36 27 -10 -26.8 45-3011 Fishers and related fishing workers

51-6061 Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and

tenders7 20,800 L 27 19 -8 -28.7

See footnotes at end of table.
8

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

51-6064 Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine

setters, operators, and tenders ........................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 87.9 11.7 .4

51-6063 Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,

operators, and tenders ........................................ Long-term on-the-job training HS 89.3 7.9 2.8

53-3099 All other motor vehicle operators2 ................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 73.0 16.8 10.2

35-3021 Combined food preparation and serving workers,

including fast food ............................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 76.7 18.1 5.3

35-2021 Food preparation workers .............................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 76.9 17.7 5.4

53-6021 Parking lot attendants .................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 70.3 19.4 10.3

49-3091 Bicycle repairers4 ........................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 87.9 9.8 2.3

37-2011 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and

housekeeping cleaners ....................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 79.2 17.3 3.5

51-3022 Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers .................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.2 16.2 2.6

35-2014 Cooks, restaurant ........................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS 78.3 16.4 5.3

35-9098 All other food preparation and serving related

workers ................................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS 78.3 16.4 5.3

35-9011 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender

helpers ................................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS 78.4 14.6 7.0

53-7064 Packers and packagers, hand ....................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 83.3 12.6 4.1

51-3099 All other food processing workers .................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.2 16.2 2.6

51-6011 Laundry and dry-cleaning workers ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 82.4 13.6 4.0

37-2012 Maid and housekeeping cleaners .................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 81.5 13.9 4.6

35-9021 Dishwashers .................................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 89.6 7.4 3.0

35-2015 Cooks, short order ......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 78.3 16.4 5.3

53-7061 Cleaners of vehicles and equipment .............................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 78.1 17.4 4.5

51-9198 Helpers—production workers ......................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 77.3 17.3 5.4

45-2091 Agricultural equipment operators ................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 83.6 11.8 4.6

45-2041 Graders and sorters, agricultural products ..................... Work experience in a related occupation HS 80.9 12.0 7.1

35-2011 Cooks, fast food ............................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS 78.3 16.4 5.3

45-4011 Forest and conservation workers2 ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 73.2 16.3 10.6

45-2093 Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals .......................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 83.6 11.8 4.6

45-2092 Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and

greenhouse ......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS 83.6 11.8 4.6

51-6099 All other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers ......... Short-term on-the-job training HS 86.2 10.5 3.4

35-2012 Cooks, institution and cafeteria ...................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 78.3 16.4 5.3

51-6021 Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials ........... Short-term on-the-job training HS 89.8 8.4 1.8

35-2013 Cooks, private household4 ............................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS 78.3 16.4 5.3

51-6031 Sewing machine operators ............................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS 86.7 10.2 3.1

47-4021 Elevator installers and repairers .................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 68.4 31.3 .3

49-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,

installers, and repairers ....................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 47.7 40.2 12.1

47-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of construction

trades and extraction workers ............................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 63.0 26.9 10.1

53-4039 Subway, streetcar operators and all other rail

transportation workers7 ....................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.9 37.6 11.6

11-9071 Gaming managers2 ........................................................ Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 38.0 45.8 16.2

53-1031 First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and

material-moving machine and vehicle

operators ............................................................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5

49-9012 Control and valve installers and repairers, except

mechanical door2 ................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 55.9 34.2 9.9

33-2020 Fire inspectors2 .............................................................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 44.7 38.9 16.4

49-3011 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians ................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 36.1 52.7 11.2

17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians .......... Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7

51-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of production and

operating workers ................................................ Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 58.7 28.8 12.5

17-3026 Industrial engineering technicians .................................. Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7

53-6051 Transportation inspectors .............................................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 39.7 45.9 14.4

49-9069 All other precision instrument and equipment

repairers2 ............................................................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 38.6 43.4 18.0

51-8092 Gas plant operators4 ...................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 54.6 39.0 6.4

See footnotes at end of table.
9

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

51-6064 Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine

$21,920 L 66 46 -20 -30.3 setters, operators, and tenders

51-6063 Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,

 22,970 L 53 33 -20 -38.6 operators, and tenders

53-3099 All other motor vehicle operators2 18,820 VL 111 139 28 25.2

35-3021 Combined food preparation and serving workers,

 14,500 VL 1,990 2,444 454 22.8 including fast food

 16,330 VL 850 1,022 172 20.2 35-2021 Food preparation workers

 16,320 VL 107 128 21 19.2 53-6021 Parking lot attendants

49-3091 Bicycle repairers4 19,230 VL 7 8 1 18.8

37-2011 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and

 18,250 VL 2,267 2,681 414 18.3 housekeeping cleaners

 17,820 VL 154 179 25 16.4 51-3022 Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers

 19,050 VL 727 843 116 15.9 35-2014 Cooks, restaurant

35-9098 All other food preparation and serving related

 16,320 VL 117 134 18 15.2 workers

35-9011 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender

 14,530 VL 409 470 61 14.9 helpers

 16,700 VL 920 1,052 132 14.4 53-7064 Packers and packagers, hand

 19,410 VL 42 48 6 13.4 51-3099 All other food processing workers

 16,780 VL 231 260 29 12.3 51-6011 Laundry and dry-cleaning workers

 16,440 VL 1,492 1,629 137 9.2 37-2012 Maid and housekeeping cleaners

 14,860 VL 505 551 46 9.0 35-9021 Dishwashers

 16,270 VL 227 247 20 9.0 35-2015 Cooks, short order

 17,060 VL 344 374 30 8.7 53-7061 Cleaners of vehicles and equipment

 19,240 VL 467 503 36 7.7 51-9198 Helpers—production workers

 17,290 VL 61 65 4 7.3 45-2091 Agricultural equipment operators

 15,940 VL 49 52 3 6.7 45-2041 Graders and sorters, agricultural products

 14,350 VL 588 617 29 5.0 35-2011 Cooks, fast food

45-4011 Forest and conservation workers2 18,960 VL 14 15 1 4.5

 17,090 VL 53 56 2 4.4 45-2093 Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals

45-2092 Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and

 15,070 VL 617 641 24 4.0 greenhouse

 18,740 VL 61 63 2 3.3 51-6099 All other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers

 18,140 VL 436 445 9 2.1 35-2012 Cooks, institution and cafeteria

 17,070 VL 91 91 0 -.2 51-6021 Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials

35-2013 Cooks, private household4 16,692 VL 8 8 0 -5.4

 17,440 VL 315 216 -99 -31.5 51-6031 Sewing machine operators

 54,070 VH 21 25 4 17.1 47-4021 Elevator installers and repairers

49-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,

 47,580 VH 444 512 68 15.4 installers, and repairers

47-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of construction

 47,670 VH 633 722 89 14.1 trades and extraction workers

53-4039 Subway, streetcar operators and all other rail

transportation workers7 44,680 VH 15 17 2 13.2

11-9071 Gaming managers2 54,330 VH 6 7 1 12.4

53-1031 First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and

material-moving machine and vehicle

 42,910 VH 207 232 25 12.0 operators

49-9012 Control and valve installers and repairers, except

mechanical door2 43,460 VH 38 42 5 12.0

33-2020 Fire inspectors2 44,250 VH 14 16 2 11.6

 43,070 VH 131 145 14 11.0 49-3011 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians

 42,950 VH 204 224 20 10.0 17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians

51-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of production and

 42,930 VH 733 803 70 9.5 operating workers

 41,910 VH 62 67 5 8.7 17-3026 Industrial engineering technicians

 48,450 VH 29 32 2 7.7 53-6051 Transportation inspectors

49-9069 All other precision instrument and equipment

repairers2 44,090 VH 17 18 1 7.0

51-8092 Gas plant operators4 48,340 VH 12 13 1 6.7

See footnotes at end of table.
10

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

49-9044 Millwrights ...................................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 60.2 39.3 .5

53-5031 Ship engineers7 ............................................................. Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 59.5 26.6 13.9

49-2091 Avionics technicians7 ..................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 49.4 44.1 6.5

47-2011 Boilermakers2 ................................................................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 66.0 31.2 2.8

49-9051 Electrical power-line installers and repairers ................. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 61.1 34.6 4.3

17-3021 Aerospace engineering and operations technicians2 .... Associate degree HS/SC 29.9 53.8 16.2

53-7071 Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators5 .. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 52.2 38.8 9.0

51-4111 Tool and die makers ...................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 47.5 47.3 5.2

51-8013 Power plant operators .................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 49.8 38.0 12.2

51-8021 Stationary engineers and boiler operators ..................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 53.7 35.4 11.0

49-2095 Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse,

substation, and relay5 ......................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 31.5 63.4 5.1

49-2022 Telecommunications equipment installers and

repairers, except line installers ............................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 40.8 48.2 11.0

51-8012 Power distributors and dispatchers3 .............................. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 47.1 40.5 12.4

49-9097 Signal and track switch repairers7 ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.2 28.2 8.6

51-8011 Nuclear power reactor operators4 .................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 49.8 38.0 12.2

53-4031 Railroad conductors and yardmasters ........................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 46.8 42.4 10.9

53-4010 Locomotive engineers and firers .................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 46.8 47.3 5.9

51-8093 Petroleum pump system operators, refinery

operators, and gaugers2 ..................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 57.6 37.5 4.9

51-8091 Chemical plant and system operators ............................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 54.6 39.0 6.4

53-4021 Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators7 ............... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.9 37.6 11.6

29-2054 Respiratory therapy technicians ..................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

49-9021 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics

and installers ....................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 59.6 36.8 3.6

49-2098 Security and fire alarm systems installers ...................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 49.0 44.8 6.2

43-9031 Desktop publishers7 ....................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 42.6 41.1 16.3

17-3025 Environmental engineering technicians2 ....................... Associate degree HS/SC 29.9 53.8 16.2

29-2055 Surgical technologists .................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

33-3012 Correctional officers and jailers ...................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 43.1 46.9 10.0

47-2111 Electricians ..................................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 49.8 44.1 6.1

17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians .............................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 47.5 45.4 7.2

49-9011 Mechanical door repairers4 ............................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 59.2 30.0 10.8

37-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn

service, and groundskeeping workers ................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.7 29.5 19.8

47-4071 Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners3 ............ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 66.2 28.5 5.3

49-9094 Locksmiths and safe repairers ....................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.7 25.2 4.1

33-2011 Fire fighters .................................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 25.9 57.8 16.3

29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ........ Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 23.2 71.7 5.1

47-2211 Sheet metal workers ...................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 68.7 29.5 1.8

49-2099 All other electrical and electronic equipment

mechanics, installers, and repairers .................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 40.8 48.2 11.0

53-3032 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .......................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.9 24.2 4.9

43-6012 Legal secretaries ............................................................ Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 37.2 47.0 15.9

49-9052 Telecommunications line installers and repairers .......... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 48.1 46.5 5.3

47-2152 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ........................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 67.0 28.8 4.2

49-3051 Motorboat mechanics2 ................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 62.9 34.7 2.4

51-9122 Painters, transportation equipment ................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 76.7 20.8 2.5

47-2121 Glaziers .......................................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 61.3 33.9 4.8

51-4121 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers ....................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 74.6 23.2 2.2

49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general ...................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 56.7 34.8 8.5

37-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and

janitorial workers ................................................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 61.7 29.6 8.6

51-9082 Medical appliance technicians2 ..................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 50.4 34.2 15.4

51-8031 Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system

operators ............................................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 48.7 43.8 7.5

47-2221 Structural iron and steel workers ................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.9 27.8 1.3

27-2032 Choreographers3 ........................................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 57.5 33.5 9.0

35-1011 Chefs and head cooks ................................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 47.7 38.0 14.3

47-2130 Insulation workers .......................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 66.1 30.6 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
11

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

$41,990 VH 69 73 4 5.3 49-9044 Millwrights

53-5031 Ship engineers7 51,190 VH 8 9 0 4.5

49-2091 Avionics technicians7 42,030 VH 23 24 1 3.4

47-2011 Boilermakers2 41,960 VH 25 25 0 1.7

 48,530 VH 101 103 2 1.6 49-9051 Electrical power-line installers and repairers

17-3021 Aerospace engineering and operations technicians2 51,650 VH 15 15 0 1.5

53-7071 Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators5 42,510 VH 7 7 0 1.0

 42,730 VH 109 110 0 .4 51-4111 Tool and die makers

 49,920 VH 35 36 0 .3 51-8013 Power plant operators

 43,240 VH 55 56 0 .3 51-8021 Stationary engineers and boiler operators

49-2095 Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse,

substation, and relay5 51,690 VH 21 21 0 -.6

49-2022 Telecommunications equipment installers and

 47,380 VH 219 217 -1 -.6 repairers, except line installers

51-8012 Power distributors and dispatchers3 54,120 VH 12 12 0 -3.0

49-9097 Signal and track switch repairers7 43,370 VH 8 8 0 -3.0

51-8011 Nuclear power reactor operators4 61,060 VH 3 3 0 -3.2

 44,490 VH 38 36 -2 -4.2 53-4031 Railroad conductors and yardmasters

 45,450 VH 33 31 -2 -7.2 53-4010 Locomotive engineers and firers

51-8093 Petroleum pump system operators, refinery

operators, and gaugers2 49,280 VH 39 35 -4 -11.0

 43,940 VH 58 51 -7 -12.3 51-8091 Chemical plant and system operators

53-4021 Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators7 43,520 VH 15 12 -3 -22.8

 34,130 H 26 35 9 34.2 29-2054 Respiratory therapy technicians

49-9021 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics

 34,900 H 249 328 79 31.8 and installers

 32,370 H 46 60 14 30.2 49-2098 Security and fire alarm systems installers

43-9031 Desktop publishers7 31,620 H 35 45 10 29.2

17-3025 Environmental engineering technicians2 36,850 H 19 24 5 28.4

 31,210 H 72 92 20 27.9 29-2055 Surgical technologists

 32,670 H 427 531 103 24.2 33-3012 Correctional officers and jailers

 41,390 H 659 814 154 23.4 47-2111 Electricians

 29,230 H 60 74 14 23.2 17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians

49-9011 Mechanical door repairers4 29,190 H 11 13 2 21.8

37-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn

 33,050 H 150 182 32 21.6 service, and groundskeeping workers

47-4071 Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners3 27,940 H 18 22 4 21.2

 28,430 H 23 28 5 21.0 49-9094 Locksmiths and safe repairers

 36,230 H 282 340 58 20.7 33-2011 Fire fighters

 31,440 H 702 844 142 20.2 29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses

 34,560 H 205 246 41 19.8 47-2211 Sheet metal workers

49-2099 All other electrical and electronic equipment

 35,160 H 22 26 4 19.6 mechanics, installers, and repairers

 33,210 H 1,767 2,104 337 19.0 53-3032 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer

 35,020 H 264 313 50 18.8 43-6012 Legal secretaries

 39,640 H 167 199 31 18.8 49-9052 Telecommunications line installers and repairers

 40,170 H 492 584 92 18.7 47-2152 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters

49-3051 Motorboat mechanics2 29,050 H 22 26 4 18.3

 33,550 H 50 59 9 17.5 51-9122 Painters, transportation equipment

 31,620 H 49 57 8 17.2 47-2121 Glaziers

 29,160 H 391 457 66 17.0 51-4121 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers

 29,370 H 1,266 1,472 207 16.3 49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general

37-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and

 28,140 H 230 267 37 16.2 janitorial workers

51-9082 Medical appliance technicians2 27,680 H 14 16 2 16.1

51-8031 Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system

 33,390 H 99 115 16 16.0 operators

 40,660 H 78 90 12 15.9 47-2221 Structural iron and steel workers

27-2032 Choreographers3 29,470 H 17 20 3 15.8

 27,940 H 132 153 21 15.8 35-1011 Chefs and head cooks

 28,930 H 53 62 8 15.8 47-2130 Insulation workers

See footnotes at end of table.
12

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

53-1011 Aircraft cargo handling supervisors4 .............................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5

51-4192 Lay-out workers, metal and plastic7 ............................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 76.3 20.0 3.7

43-5011 Cargo and freight agents ............................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 50.1 36.7 13.2

49-3099 All other vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics,

installers, and repairers ....................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 66.8 30.0 3.2

53-3021 Bus drivers, transit and intercity ..................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.9 29.2 7.0

49-9062 Medical equipment repairers .......................................... Associate degree HS/SC 36.0 49.0 15.0

51-4061 Model makers, metal and plastic5 .................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 59.0 38.5 2.4

43-5032 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance ........... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 44.1 43.7 12.2

49-9096 Riggers7 ......................................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.2 28.2 8.6

49-3031 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine

specialists ............................................................ Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 66.0 30.6 3.4

53-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers,

and material movers, hand .................................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5

49-3021 Automotive body and related repairers .......................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 73.7 21.8 4.5

51-4012 Numerical tool and process control programmers4 ....... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 58.5 36.5 5.0

43-5031 Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers ........................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 44.1 43.7 12.2

49-3023 Automotive service technicians and mechanics ............ Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 66.8 30.0 3.2

49-9099 Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all

other .................................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 62.3 25.6 12.1

47-2151 Pipelayers ...................................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 67.0 28.8 4.2

17-3024 Electro-mechanical technicians ..................................... Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7

17-3027 Mechanical engineering technicians .............................. Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7

49-9092 Commercial divers7 ....................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.2 28.2 8.6

47-4051 Highway maintenance workers ...................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 74.9 23.2 1.9

49-2094 Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and

industrial equipment5 .......................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 31.5 63.4 5.1

47-2031 Carpenters ..................................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.7 22.2 5.1

49-3042 Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines .... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 63.2 31.1 5.7

33-3011 Bailiffs2 ........................................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 44.8 43.9 11.3

39-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of personal service

workers ................................................................ Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 45.6 39.7 14.8

51-4011 Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal

and plastic ........................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 58.5 36.5 5.0

53-6041 Traffic technicians4 ........................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 36.7 54.9 8.4

51-5021 Job printers .................................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 66.5 27.0 6.5

43-6011 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ...... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 37.2 47.0 15.9

51-4081 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic7 ............................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.3 24.3 3.3

51-4041 Machinists ...................................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.9 32.4 3.7

47-5021 Earth drillers, except oil and gas .................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 78.4 20.5 1.2

17-3022 Civil engineering technicians ......................................... Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7

49-2093 Electrical and electronics installers and repairers,

transportation equipment7 ................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 49.4 44.1 6.5

51-9197 Tire builders ................................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 49.9 44.2 6.0

51-4199 All other metal workers and plastic workers ................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 75.7 21.5 2.7

43-3051 Payroll and timekeeping clerks ...................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 37.9 46.8 15.2

49-9063 Musical instrument repairers and tuners4 ...................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 36.0 49.0 15.0

51-2041 Structural metal fabricators and fitters ........................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 79.3 20.7 .0

47-2142 Paperhangers2 ............................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 57.9 34.9 7.2

49-9043 Maintenance workers, machinery .................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.6 25.3 2.2

49-9045 Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons4 .... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 60.4 34.3 5.3

51-8099 All other plant and system operators2 ............................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 57.6 37.5 4.9

53-5099 All other water transportation workers ........................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5

49-9041 Industrial machinery mechanics ..................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 60.4 34.3 5.3

49-9031 Home appliance repairers .............................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 69.9 25.4 4.7

49-2092 Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers ........... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 49.4 43.7 6.9

51-5023 Printing machine operators ............................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.6 25.3 4.1

49-3043 Rail car repairers2 .......................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 65.8 29.5 4.7

53-5011 Sailors and marine oilers2 .............................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 69.8 24.8 5.4

43-9041 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks .............. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 39.4 44.4 16.2

See footnotes at end of table.
13

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

53-1011 Aircraft cargo handling supervisors4 $37,220 H 9 10 1 15.6

51-4192 Lay-out workers, metal and plastic7 30,760 H 13 15 2 15.6

 31,410 H 59 68 9 15.5 43-5011 Cargo and freight agents

49-3099 All other vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics,

 35,840 H 36 41 6 15.4 installers, and repairers

 29,580 H 202 233 31 15.2 53-3021 Bus drivers, transit and intercity

 36,380 H 29 33 4 14.8 49-9062 Medical equipment repairers

51-4061 Model makers, metal and plastic5 38,000 H 9 10 1 14.6

 30,280 H 170 194 24 14.4 43-5032 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance

49-9096 Riggers7 33,790 H 14 16 2 14.3

49-3031 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine

 34,380 H 267 305 38 14.2 specialists

53-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers,

 37,180 H 147 168 21 14.0 and material movers, hand

 32,680 H 198 225 26 13.2 49-3021 Automotive body and related repairers

51-4012 Numerical tool and process control programmers4 37,520 H 19 22 3 13.0

 27,660 H 92 104 12 12.7 43-5031 Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers

 30,590 H 818 919 101 12.4 49-3023 Automotive service technicians and mechanics

49-9099 Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all

 33,010 H 185 207 23 12.2 other

 28,500 H 58 65 7 11.8 47-2151 Pipelayers

 38,120 H 31 35 4 11.5 17-3024 Electro-mechanical technicians

 41,280 H 55 61 6 11.0 17-3027 Mechanical engineering technicians

49-9092 Commercial divers7 34,710 H 4 5 0 10.6

 28,390 H 154 170 16 10.4 47-4051 Highway maintenance workers

49-2094 Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and

industrial equipment5 41,110 H 85 94 9 10.4

 34,190 H 1,209 1,331 122 10.1 47-2031 Carpenters

 35,970 H 126 138 12 9.6 49-3042 Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines

33-3011 Bailiffs2 32,710 H 15 16 1 9.5

39-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of personal service

 28,960 H 216 236 20 9.4 workers

51-4011 Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal

 29,050 H 132 144 12 9.3 and plastic

53-6041 Traffic technicians4 31,650 H 6 6 1 9.3

 30,100 H 56 61 5 9.2 51-5021 Job printers

 33,410 H 1,526 1,658 132 8.7 43-6011 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants

51-4081 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic7 28,690 H 99 107 8 8.3

 32,570 H 387 419 32 8.2 51-4041 Machinists

 32,490 H 23 25 2 7.7 47-5021 Earth drillers, except oil and gas

 37,720 H 92 99 7 7.6 17-3022 Civil engineering technicians

49-2093 Electrical and electronics installers and repairers,

transportation equipment7 38,610 H 18 19 1 7.1

 38,840 H 14 15 1 6.6 51-9197 Tire builders

 28,400 H 104 111 7 6.6 51-4199 All other metal workers and plastic workers

 29,000 H 198 211 13 6.5 43-3051 Payroll and timekeeping clerks

49-9063 Musical instrument repairers and tuners4 29,440 H 6 7 0 6.3

 28,620 H 89 94 6 6.2 51-2041 Structural metal fabricators and fitters

47-2142 Paperhangers2 31,650 H 20 21 1 5.9

 32,520 H 92 97 5 5.9 49-9043 Maintenance workers, machinery

49-9045 Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons4 35,100 H 4 4 0 5.6

51-8099 All other plant and system operators2 36,660 H 32 33 2 5.6

 30,520 H 4 4 0 5.6 53-5099 All other water transportation workers

 37,980 H 197 208 11 5.5 49-9041 Industrial machinery mechanics

 30,390 H 42 44 2 5.5 49-9031 Home appliance repairers

 32,210 H 31 33 2 5.3 49-2092 Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers

 29,010 H 199 208 9 4.6 51-5023 Printing machine operators

49-3043 Rail car repairers2 39,060 H 15 15 1 4.5

53-5011 Sailors and marine oilers2 28,370 H 27 28 1 4.0

 28,870 H 266 276 10 3.6 43-9041 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks

See footnotes at end of table.
14

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

51-9081 Dental laboratory technicians ......................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 51.8 34.6 13.6

51-4062 Patternmakers, metal and plastic5 ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 59.0 38.5 2.4

43-3031 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks ............... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 40.4 43.8 15.8

51-4032 Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic2 .......................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.9 23.1 4.0

51-5012 Bookbinders4 ................................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.4 21.5 8.1

51-4122 Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters,

operators, and tenders ........................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 74.6 23.2 2.2

51-9012 Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still

machine setters, operators, and tenders ............. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 46.2 36.4 17.5

51-4034 Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic ............................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 77.4 20.9 1.7

43-5051 Postal service clerks ...................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 43.8 41.5 14.7

43-5052 Postal service mail carriers ............................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 52.0 40.2 7.8

51-2031 Engine and other machine assemblers2 ........................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.5 26.0 3.5

51-9196 Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders .. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 75.0 22.8 2.2

51-9011 Chemical equipment operators and tenders .................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 46.2 36.4 17.5

51-9051 Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and

tenders ................................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 71.2 23.0 5.7

53-7072 Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers5 ................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 52.2 38.8 9.0

51-9023 Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and

tenders ................................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 67.9 28.6 3.6

43-3061 Procurement clerks ........................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 55.7 30.9 13.4

47-5042 Mine cutting and channeling machine operators3 .......... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.4 24.3 3.3

49-9061 Camera and photographic equipment repairers4 ........... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 36.0 49.0 15.0

51-4194 Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners2 ............................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 68.4 22.5 9.1

51-2011 Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems

assemblers7 ........................................................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 74.7 20.4 4.9

43-5053 Postal service mail sorters, processors, and

processing machine operators ............................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 44.5 40.7 14.7

47-5049 All other mining machine operators4 .............................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 71.0 24.8 4.2

51-5022 Prepress technicians and workers ................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 57.1 30.0 12.9

47-4061 Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment

operators7 ........................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 61.5 28.9 9.6

53-7073 Wellhead pumpers5 ....................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 52.2 38.8 9.0

43-5041 Meter readers, utilities .................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 57.2 38.8 4.1

53-6011 Bridge and lock tenders7 ............................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 62.8 30.3 6.9

47-5041 Continuous mining machine operators2 ......................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.7 25.7 3.5

43-2099 All other communications equipment operators7 ........... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 53.5 38.5 8.0

49-2021 Radio mechanics4 .......................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 40.8 48.2 11.0

43-2021 Telephone operators ...................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 42.3 48.0 9.7

31-9092 Medical assistants .......................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5

29-2071 Medical records and health information technicians ...... Associate degree HS/SC 35.5 48.1 16.4

29-2056 Veterinary technologists and technicians ....................... Associate degree HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

31-9091 Dental assistants ............................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 34.2 57.4 8.4

29-2041 Emergency medical technicians and paramedics .......... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 24.4 62.9 12.7

43-4171 Receptionists and information clerks ............................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 49.7 38.6 11.8

29-2052 Pharmacy technicians .................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

43-4111 Interviewers, except eligibility and loan .......................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 30.1 50.3 19.6

31-9099 All other healthcare support workers ............................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5

39-3092 Costume attendants4 ..................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 45.8 40.5 13.7

31-1012 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ....................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 62.7 31.4 5.9

33-9031 Gaming surveillance officers and gaming

investigators4 ...................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 52.5 34.7 12.8

43-3011 Bill and account collectors ............................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 45.6 35.7 18.7

53-3033 Truck drivers, light or delivery services .......................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 60.9 25.9 13.2

31-9094 Medical transcriptionists ................................................. Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5

29-2051 Dietetic technicians ........................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

39-5094 Skin care specialists ...................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 58.6 32.8 8.7

53-2099 All other air transportation workers ................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5

See footnotes at end of table.
15

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

$28,500 H 47 49 2 3.6 51-9081 Dental laboratory technicians

51-4062 Patternmakers, metal and plastic5 33,470 H 6 7 0 3.6

 27,380 H 1,983 2,042 59 3.0 43-3031 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks

51-4032 Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic2 27,530 H 53 54 1 2.1

51-5012 Bookbinders4 27,680 H 7 7 0 1.3

51-4122 Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters,

 28,900 H 61 62 1 .9 operators, and tenders

51-9012 Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still

 30,340 H 36 36 0 .8 machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-4034 Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,

 30,270 H 75 75 1 .8 and tenders, metal and plastic

 39,700 H 77 77 0 -.5 43-5051 Postal service clerks

 39,530 H 334 333 -2 -.5 43-5052 Postal service mail carriers

51-2031 Engine and other machine assemblers2 29,170 H 50 49 -1 -1.9

 28,280 H 117 114 -3 -2.8 51-9196 Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders

 37,430 H 58 56 -2 -3.8 51-9011 Chemical equipment operators and tenders

51-9051 Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and

 28,210 H 31 29 -2 -4.9 tenders

53-7072 Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers5 36,470 H 13 13 -1 -5.0

51-9023 Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and

 27,530 H 106 99 -7 -6.5 tenders

 29,600 H 77 72 -5 -6.7 43-3061 Procurement clerks

47-5042 Mine cutting and channeling machine operators3 37,590 H 5 5 0 -7.1

49-9061 Camera and photographic equipment repairers4 31,390 H 7 6 0 -7.2

51-4194 Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners2 29,400 H 26 24 -2 -7.7

51-2011 Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems

assemblers7 38,910 H 27 24 -2 -9.4

43-5053 Postal service mail sorters, processors, and

 38,150 H 253 226 -26 -10.5 processing machine operators

47-5049 All other mining machine operators4 38,780 H 4 4 0 -10.8

 31,150 H 91 81 -10 -11.2 51-5022 Prepress technicians and workers

47-4061 Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment

operators7 35,160 H 11 9 -1 -11.5

53-7073 Wellhead pumpers5 33,770 H 11 10 -1 -11.7

 28,830 H 54 46 -8 -14.1 43-5041 Meter readers, utilities

53-6011 Bridge and lock tenders7 35,310 H 4 3 -1 -17.4

47-5041 Continuous mining machine operators2 34,850 H 8 7 -2 -18.5

43-2099 All other communications equipment operators7 31,640 H 18 14 -5 -24.6

49-2021 Radio mechanics4 36,230 H 7 5 -2 -29.3

 28,600 H 50 22 -28 -56.3 43-2021 Telephone operators

 23,940 L 365 579 215 58.9 31-9092 Medical assistants

 23,890 L 147 216 69 46.8 29-2071 Medical records and health information technicians

 22,950 L 53 76 23 44.1 29-2056 Veterinary technologists and technicians

 27,240 L 266 379 113 42.5 31-9091 Dental assistants

 24,030 L 179 238 59 33.1 29-2041 Emergency medical technicians and paramedics

 21,150 L 1,100 1,425 325 29.5 43-4171 Receptionists and information clerks

 22,250 L 211 271 61 28.8 29-2052 Pharmacy technicians

 21,690 L 193 247 54 28.0 43-4111 Interviewers, except eligibility and loan

 23,690 L 198 251 53 26.6 31-9099 All other healthcare support workers

39-3092 Costume attendants4 24,160 L 4 5 1 25.1

 19,960 L 1,375 1,718 343 24.9 31-1012 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants

33-9031 Gaming surveillance officers and gaming

investigators4 23,110 L 9 11 2 24.6

 26,780 L 413 514 101 24.4 43-3011 Bill and account collectors

 23,870 L 1,022 1,259 237 23.2 53-3033 Truck drivers, light or delivery services

 27,140 L 101 124 23 22.6 31-9094 Medical transcriptionists

 22,490 L 29 35 6 20.2 29-2051 Dietetic technicians

 22,450 L 25 30 5 19.4 39-5094 Skin care specialists

 23,330 L 12 14 2 19.4 53-2099 All other air transportation workers

See footnotes at end of table.
16

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

49-3053 Outdoor power equipment and other small engine

mechanics ........................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 59.6 39.6 .7

49-3052 Motorcycle mechanics3 .................................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.9 34.0 2.1

39-5091 Makeup artists, theatrical and performance4 ................. Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 58.6 32.8 8.7

29-2081 Opticians, dispensing ..................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 22.2 60.1 17.7

31-9093 Medical equipment preparers ........................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5

51-9123 Painting, coating, and decorating workers ..................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 76.7 20.8 2.5

43-6013 Medical secretaries ........................................................ Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 37.2 47.0 15.9

37-2021 Pest control workers ...................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 60.2 34.4 5.4

53-3022 Bus drivers, school ......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.9 29.2 7.0

35-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation

and serving workers ............................................ Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 56.2 30.3 13.5

39-6012 Concierges2 ................................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 51.9 36.1 12.0

49-9091 Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers

and repairers ....................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 62.6 32.3 5.1

53-6099 All other related transportation workers2 ....................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 44.5 49.2 6.3

49-2096 Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor

vehicles ............................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 37.9 59.6 2.5

43-5111 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,

recordkeeping ..................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 56.4 30.6 13.0

43-3041 Gaming cage workers7 .................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 43.6 42.5 13.9

31-1013 Psychiatric aides ............................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 62.7 31.4 5.9

33-9011 Animal control workers7 ................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 53.7 32.6 13.6

43-4031 Court, municipal, and license clerks .............................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 39.9 46.1 14.0

51-9199 All other production workers .......................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 74.3 21.0 4.7

51-3011 Bakers ............................................................................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 73.5 20.5 6.0

43-4141 New accounts clerks2 .................................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 41.0 43.0 16.0

27-2031 Dancers3 ........................................................................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 57.5 33.5 9.0

43-9061 Office clerks, general ..................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 40.9 42.4 16.7

53-7199 Material moving workers, all other ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 73.7 22.3 4.1

43-3071 Tellers ............................................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 44.3 42.9 12.7

51-7011 Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters ........................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 69.0 23.3 7.7

51-9121 Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters,

operators, and tenders ........................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 76.7 20.8 2.5

51-5099 All other printing workers ............................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.6 25.3 4.1

51-9083 Ophthalmic laboratory technicians ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 51.8 34.6 13.6

51-9022 Grinding and polishing workers, hand ............................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 67.9 28.6 3.6

51-4072 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 71.4 25.7 2.9

49-2097 Electronic home entertainment equipment installers

and repairers ....................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 59.4 33.4 7.1

43-3021 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators .......... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 39.3 43.9 16.8

49-3041 Farm equipment mechanics ........................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 63.2 31.1 5.7

51-4021 Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic ............................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 76.3 23.6 .1

51-4031 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.4 26.1 1.5

53-7062 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,

hand .................................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 73.8 21.7 4.5

51-9194 Etchers and engravers2 ................................................. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.1 25.3 11.6

51-4022 Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic2 ............................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 76.6 23.4 .0

29-2053 Psychiatric technicians ................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

51-2091 Fiberglass laminators and fabricators ............................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 73.8 21.2 5.0

51-9061 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers ..... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 52.9 33.7 13.4

51-9071 Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers ........... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 61.5 24.8 13.7

53-3031 Driver/sales workers ...................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.9 24.2 4.9

51-4071 Foundry mold and coremakers2 .................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 74.9 21.5 3.5

49-9064 Watch repairers4 ............................................................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 36.0 49.0 15.0

43-5071 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ............................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 64.5 28.6 6.9

43-2011 Switchboard operators, including answering service ..... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 54.6 34.0 11.4

See footnotes at end of table.
17

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

49-3053 Outdoor power equipment and other small engine

$24,820 L 30 36 6 18.9 mechanics

49-3052 Motorcycle mechanics3 27,100 L 15 18 3 18.7

39-5091 Makeup artists, theatrical and performance4 24,730 L 2 2 0 18.2

 25,600 L 63 75 11 18.2 29-2081 Opticians, dispensing

 22,960 L 36 43 7 18.1 31-9093 Medical equipment preparers

 21,200 L 34 40 6 17.6 51-9123 Painting, coating, and decorating workers

 25,430 L 339 398 58 17.2 43-6013 Medical secretaries

 24,760 L 62 72 10 17.0 37-2021 Pest control workers

 22,390 L 453 528 76 16.7 53-3022 Bus drivers, school

35-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation

 24,390 L 692 800 107 15.5 and serving workers

39-6012 Concierges2 21,720 L 17 20 3 15.3

49-9091 Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers

 27,380 L 43 49 6 15.2 and repairers

53-6099 All other related transportation workers2 26,600 L 40 47 6 15.2

49-2096 Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor

 26,010 L 18 21 3 14.8 vehicles

43-5111 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,

 24,170 L 81 93 12 14.6 recordkeeping

43-3041 Gaming cage workers7 21,780 L 18 21 3 14.5

 22,970 L 59 68 9 14.5 31-1013 Psychiatric aides

33-9011 Animal control workers7 24,780 L 11 12 1 12.6

 27,300 L 106 119 13 12.3 43-4031 Court, municipal, and license clerks

 22,260 L 449 500 51 11.3 51-9199 All other production workers

 20,580 L 173 192 19 11.2 51-3011 Bakers

43-4141 New accounts clerks2 25,200 L 99 110 11 11.2

27-2031 Dancers3 21,100 L 20 22 2 11.1

 22,280 L 2,991 3,301 310 10.4 43-9061 Office clerks, general

 25,070 L 78 86 8 10.0 53-7199 Material moving workers, all other

 20,400 L 530 580 50 9.4 43-3071 Tellers

 24,000 L 147 160 14 9.4 51-7011 Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters

51-9121 Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters,

 25,290 L 103 112 10 9.4 operators, and tenders

 23,330 L 21 23 2 9.3 51-5099 All other printing workers

 21,760 L 33 36 3 9.2 51-9083 Ophthalmic laboratory technicians

 22,970 L 45 49 4 9.0 51-9022 Grinding and polishing workers, hand

51-4072 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters,

 23,230 L 151 165 14 8.9 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

49-2097 Electronic home entertainment equipment installers

 27,200 L 43 46 4 8.6 and repairers

 26,110 L 507 547 40 7.9 43-3021 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators

 27,100 L 35 38 3 7.7 49-3041 Farm equipment mechanics

51-4021 Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators,

 25,870 L 98 105 7 7.1 and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4031 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,

 24,570 L 283 302 19 6.8 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

53-7062 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,

 19,710 L 2,231 2,378 147 6.6 hand

51-9194 Etchers and engravers2 22,450 L 10 10 1 6.2

51-4022 Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic2 26,300 L 45 48 3 6.0

 25,710 L 60 63 4 5.9 29-2053 Psychiatric technicians

 24,610 L 37 39 2 5.6 51-2091 Fiberglass laminators and fabricators

 27,060 L 515 539 24 4.7 51-9061 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

 26,260 L 40 42 2 4.5 51-9071 Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers

 20,640 L 431 450 19 4.3 53-3031 Driver/sales workers

51-4071 Foundry mold and coremakers2 26,100 L 23 24 1 3.6

49-9064 Watch repairers4 26,560 L 5 5 0 3.5

 23,420 L 803 827 24 3.0 43-5071 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks

 21,190 L 236 236 1 .2 43-2011 Switchboard operators, including answering service

See footnotes at end of table.
18

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

51-9041 Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting

machine setters, operators, and tenders ............. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 69.5 26.0 4.5

51-2099 All other assemblers and fabricators .............................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 73.8 21.2 5.0

43-4071 File clerks ....................................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 44.7 40.5 14.8

43-4021 Correspondence clerks7 ................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 44.3 41.0 14.7

51-2092 Team assemblers .......................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 73.8 21.2 5.0

41-2022 Parts salespersons ........................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 67.3 27.8 4.9

49-9093 Fabric menders, except garment4 ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 62.3 25.6 12.1

51-9021 Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters,

operators, and tenders ........................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 67.9 28.6 3.6

43-6014 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ......... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 37.2 47.0 15.9

43-9051 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except

postal service ...................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 56.9 36.0 7.1

51-2093 Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and

calibrators4 .......................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 73.8 21.2 5.0

43-9071 Office machine operators, except computer .................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 58.3 31.9 9.9

51-5011 Bindery workers ............................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.4 21.5 8.1

43-9021 Data entry keyers ........................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 45.1 41.0 13.9

43-4151 Order clerks ................................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 51.6 36.5 11.8

43-4041 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks ........................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 33.0 48.9 18.1

43-5199 All other material recording, scheduling, dispatching,

and distributing workers ...................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 65.4 26.0 8.6

51-2023 Electromechanical equipment assemblers .................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.6 21.6 5.8

51-6052 Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers ..................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.1 24.2 12.7

51-9141 Semiconductor processors7 ........................................... Associate degree HS/SC 68.7 23.9 7.5

51-2021 Coil winders, tapers, and finishers ................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.6 21.6 5.8

51-2022 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ............ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.6 21.6 5.8

11-9012 Farmers and ranchers .................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 54.7 28.7 16.6

43-9022 Word processors and typists .......................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 37.6 48.2 14.2

31-1011 Home health aides ......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 62.7 31.4 5.9

39-9021 Personal and home care aides ...................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 59.6 32.1 8.2

33-9032 Security guards .............................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 52.5 34.7 12.8

39-3091 Amusement and recreation attendants .......................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 45.8 40.5 13.7

53-3011 Ambulance drivers and attendants, except

emergency medical technicians7 ........................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 69.5 24.9 5.6

39-3093 Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room

attendants3 .......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 56.9 34.0 9.1

31-9096 Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal

caretakers ........................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5

39-3011 Gaming dealers .............................................................. Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 51.4 35.3 13.3

39-3012 Gaming and sports book writers and runners4 .............. Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 51.4 35.3 13.3

41-2012 Gaming change persons and booth cashiers2 ............... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 66.7 24.7 8.6

43-4081 Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks ............................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 45.3 38.8 16.0

25-9041 Teacher assistants ......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 43.7 40.0 16.3

39-5092 Manicurists and pedicurists ............................................ Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 58.6 32.8 8.7

39-2021 Nonfarm animal caretakers ............................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 55.6 31.7 12.7

53-3041 Taxi drivers and chauffeurs ............................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 60.9 25.9 13.2

39-3199 All other gaming service workers ................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC 51.4 35.3 13.3

31-9095 Pharmacy aides ............................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5

35-3031 Waiters and waitresses .................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 55.2 32.3 12.5

35-3022 Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and

coffee shop .......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 72.0 20.1 7.9

39-5093 Shampooers ................................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 58.6 32.8 8.7

33-9091 Crossing guards ............................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 76.0 23.3 .6

35-9031 Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee

shop .................................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 48.1 32.3 19.6

39-3031 Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers2 ................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 49.8 30.9 19.3

39-5012 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists ............... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 55.7 40.2 4.1

39-6011 Baggage porters and bellhops ....................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 44.5 45.8 9.6

41-2011 Cashiers, except gaming ............................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 66.1 25.6 8.3

39-9011 Child care workers ......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 52.9 34.4 12.7

See footnotes at end of table.
19

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

51-9041 Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting

$26,540 L 73 73 0 -.1 machine setters, operators, and tenders

 22,890 L 361 360 -1 -.2 51-2099 All other assemblers and fabricators

 20,020 L 265 264 -1 -.3 43-4071 File clerks

43-4021 Correspondence clerks7 25,960 L 33 33 0 -1.4

 22,680 L 1,174 1,155 -19 -1.6 51-2092 Team assemblers

 23,950 L 248 243 -5 -2.0 41-2022 Parts salespersons

49-9093 Fabric menders, except garment4 25,690 L 2 2 0 -2.2

51-9021 Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters,

 26,690 L 45 44 -1 -2.8 operators, and tenders

 25,290 L 1,975 1,918 -57 -2.9 43-6014 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive

43-9051 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except

 21,190 L 170 165 -5 -2.9 postal service

51-2093 Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and

calibrators4 24,190 L 7 6 0 -3.0

 21,770 L 96 91 -4 -4.6 43-9071 Office machine operators, except computer

 21,860 L 91 86 -5 -5.2 51-5011 Bindery workers

 22,390 L 392 371 -21 -5.4 43-9021 Data entry keyers

 24,810 L 330 311 -19 -5.7 43-4151 Order clerks

 26,690 L 80 74 -5 -6.7 43-4041 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks

43-5199 All other material recording, scheduling, dispatching,

 25,890 L 34 32 -2 -6.9 and distributing workers

 25,260 L 60 55 -5 -8.3 51-2023 Electromechanical equipment assemblers

 22,220 L 53 48 -5 -9.1 51-6052 Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers

51-9141 Semiconductor processors7 27,340 L 46 42 -5 -10.6

 23,020 L 36 31 -5 -13.9 51-2021 Coil winders, tapers, and finishers

 22,940 L 281 230 -51 -18.3 51-2022 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers

 24,076 L 1,158 920 -238 -20.6 11-9012 Farmers and ranchers

 26,730 L 241 148 -93 -38.6 43-9022 Word processors and typists

 18,090 VL 580 859 279 48.1 31-1011 Home health aides

 16,250 VL 608 854 246 40.5 39-9021 Personal and home care aides

 19,140 VL 995 1,313 317 31.8 33-9032 Security guards

 14,920 VL 234 299 65 27.8 39-3091 Amusement and recreation attendants

53-3011 Ambulance drivers and attendants, except

emergency medical technicians7 19,100 VL 17 22 5 26.7

39-3093 Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room

attendants3 16,930 VL 23 29 6 26.5

31-9096 Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal

 17,790 VL 63 79 16 26.2 caretakers

 14,090 VL 78 97 19 24.7 39-3011 Gaming dealers

39-3012 Gaming and sports book writers and runners4 18,660 VL 14 18 3 24.4

41-2012 Gaming change persons and booth cashiers2 19,600 VL 33 41 8 24.1

 17,370 VL 178 220 42 23.9 43-4081 Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks

 18,660 VL 1,277 1,571 294 23.0 25-9041 Teacher assistants

 17,330 VL 51 63 12 22.7 39-5092 Manicurists and pedicurists

 17,080 VL 125 153 28 22.2 39-2021 Nonfarm animal caretakers

 18,530 VL 132 161 29 21.7 53-3041 Taxi drivers and chauffeurs

 17,970 VL 40 49 9 21.3 39-3199 All other gaming service workers

 18,430 VL 60 71 11 17.6 31-9095 Pharmacy aides

 14,150 VL 2,097 2,464 367 17.5 35-3031 Waiters and waitresses

35-3022 Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and

 15,230 VL 467 545 78 16.7 coffee shop

 14,360 VL 25 29 4 16.6 39-5093 Shampooers

 18,680 VL 74 86 12 16.5 33-9091 Crossing guards

35-9031 Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee

 15,310 VL 298 347 49 16.4 shop

39-3031 Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers2 14,600 VL 105 121 16 15.5

 18,960 VL 585 671 86 14.7 39-5012 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists

 17,860 VL 58 67 8 14.4 39-6011 Baggage porters and bellhops

 15,420 VL 3,432 3,886 454 13.2 41-2011 Cashiers, except gaming

 16,350 VL 1,211 1,353 142 11.7 39-9011 Child care workers

See footnotes at end of table.
20

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

35-3041 Food servers, nonrestaurant .......................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.2 24.1 5.6

35-3011 Bartenders ..................................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 49.2 37.9 12.9

39-5011 Barbers .......................................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 59.7 38.6 1.7

43-5021 Couriers and messengers .............................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 53.2 36.6 10.2

53-6031 Service station attendants .............................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 67.8 26.4 5.9

39-3021 Motion picture projectionists7 ......................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 56.4 33.4 10.2

43-5081 Stock clerks and order fillers .......................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 65.4 26.0 8.6

41-9041 Telemarketers ................................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 54.8 33.6 11.6

51-6041 Shoe and leather workers and repairers2 ...................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC 70.2 20.3 9.5

51-6051 Sewers, hand ................................................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC 63.1 24.2 12.7

31-2011 Occupational therapist assistants7 ................................ Associate degree SC 19.9 63.0 17.1

31-2012 Occupational therapist aides7 ........................................ Short-term on-the-job training SC 19.9 63.0 17.1

11-3011 Administrative services managers ................................. Bachelor’s plus experience9 HS/SC/C 22.6 36.8 40.6

11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ...... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 49.0 28.8 22.2

41-4011 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,

technical and scientific products ......................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 24.5 27.0 48.5

41-4012 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,

except technical and scientific products .............. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 24.5 27.0 48.5

33-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of correctional

officers ................................................................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 27.7 46.6 25.8

29-2091 Orthotists and prosthetists4 ........................................... Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 31.0 47.0 22.0

13-1051 Cost estimators .............................................................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 32.8 38.4 28.8

11-1021 General and operations managers ................................ Bachelor’s plus experience9 HS/SC/C 21.3 30.4 48.4

13-2099 All other financial specialists .......................................... Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 25.2 29.6 45.2

39-6031 Flight attendants ............................................................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 25.3 37.9 36.7

33-3052 Transit and railroad police7 ............................................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 21.0 52.1 26.9

13-1031 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators ............. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 24.1 32.2 43.7

11-9021 Construction managers .................................................. Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 41.4 30.6 28.0

13-1032 Insurance appraisers, auto damage .............................. Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 24.1 32.2 43.7

13-1023 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and

farm products ...................................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 29.4 33.7 36.9

13-2053 Insurance underwriters .................................................. Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 21.3 25.8 53.0

19-1010 Agricultural and food scientists ...................................... Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 25.7 12.0 62.3

11-3051 Industrial production managers ...................................... Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 29.8 29.7 40.5

41-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales

workers ................................................................ Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 34.9 28.7 36.4

11-9199 All other managers ......................................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 24.7 27.3 48.0

11-9011 Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers ............... Bachelor’s plus experience9 HS/SC/C 48.0 30.6 21.4

41-9021 Real estate brokers ........................................................ Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 22.2 37.0 40.7

19-4051 Nuclear technicians7 ...................................................... Associate degree HS/SC/C 26.8 39.0 34.2

11-9131 Postmasters and mail superintendents .......................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 21.3 30.4 48.4

19-4091 Environmental science and protection technicians,

including health ................................................... Associate degree HS/SC/C 20.7 33.6 45.7

25-2012 Kindergarten teachers, except special education .......... Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 21.7 31.0 47.2

29-9199 All other health practitioners and technical workers ....... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 31.0 47.0 22.0

27-4011 Audio and video equipment technicians ........................ Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 22.7 40.9 36.4

27-4014 Sound engineering technicians2 .................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 25.0 41.7 33.3

41-9098 All other sales and related workers ................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 22.4 30.5 47.1

33-1099 All other first-line supervisors/managers, protective

service workers ................................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 31.1 46.2 22.8

19-4021 Biological technicians ..................................................... Associate degree HS/SC/C 24.6 16.4 59.0

43-4161 Human resources assistants, except payroll and

timekeeping ......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 28.8 48.8 22.4

19-4092 Forensic science technicians4 ....................................... Associate degree HS/SC/C 20.7 33.6 45.7

29-1031 Dietitians and nutritionists .............................................. Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 28.9 13.6 57.5

19-4098 All other life, physical, and social science technicians ... Associate degree HS/SC/C 20.7 33.6 45.7

27-2042 Musicians and singers ................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 21.0 26.1 52.9

27-2099 All other entertainers and performers, sports and

related workers .................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 34.4 25.4 40.2

39-1011 Gaming supervisors ....................................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 35.4 31.5 33.1

See footnotes at end of table.
21

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

$15,640 VL 195 215 20 10.4 35-3041 Food servers, nonrestaurant

 15,000 VL 463 503 40 8.6 35-3011 Bartenders

 19,550 VL 66 70 4 6.4 39-5011 Barbers

 19,390 VL 132 138 5 4.0 43-5021 Couriers and messengers

 16,570 VL 107 111 4 3.3 53-6031 Service station attendants

39-3021 Motion picture projectionists7 16,580 VL 9 9 0 .4

 19,270 VL 1,628 1,560 -68 -4.2 43-5081 Stock clerks and order fillers

 19,550 VL 428 406 -21 -4.9 41-9041 Telemarketers

51-6041 Shoe and leather workers and repairers2 19,010 VL 16 14 -3 -16.1

 18,070 VL 36 29 -8 -21.2 51-6051 Sewers, hand

31-2011 Occupational therapist assistants7 36,660 H 18 26 7 39.2

31-2012 Occupational therapist aides7 22,040 L 8 12 4 42.6

 52,500 VH 321 384 63 19.8 11-3011 Administrative services managers

 59,660 VH 111 133 22 19.7 11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers

41-4011 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,

 55,740 VH 398 475 77 19.3 technical and scientific products

41-4012 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,

 42,730 VH 1,459 1,738 279 19.2 except technical and scientific products

33-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of correctional

 44,940 VH 33 40 6 19.0 officers

29-2091 Orthotists and prosthetists4 46,260 VH 5 6 1 18.9

 47,550 VH 188 223 35 18.6 13-1051 Cost estimators

 68,210 VH 2,049 2,425 376 18.4 11-1021 General and operations managers

 44,140 VH 162 190 28 17.6 13-2099 All other financial specialists

 43,140 VH 104 121 17 16.0 39-6031 Flight attendants

33-3052 Transit and railroad police7 43,710 VH 6 7 1 15.9

 43,020 VH 227 260 32 14.2 13-1031 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators

 63,500 VH 389 435 47 12.0 11-9021 Construction managers

 42,630 VH 14 16 2 11.7 13-1032 Insurance appraisers, auto damage

13-1023 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and

 45,090 VH 245 273 27 11.2 farm products

 45,590 VH 102 112 10 10.0 13-2053 Insurance underwriters

 48,670 VH 18 20 2 9.1 19-1010 Agricultural and food scientists

 67,320 VH 182 197 14 7.9 11-3051 Industrial production managers

41-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales

 53,020 VH 597 637 41 6.8 workers

 66,890 VH 1,256 1,325 69 5.5 11-9199 All other managers

 43,740 VH 218 229 11 5.1 11-9011 Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers

 50,330 VH 99 101 2 2.4 41-9021 Real estate brokers

19-4051 Nuclear technicians7 59,990 VH 6 6 0 1.5

 48,540 VH 25 25 0 -.5 11-9131 Postmasters and mail superintendents

19-4091 Environmental science and protection technicians,

 35,320 H 28 38 10 36.8 including health

 39,810 H 168 214 46 27.2 25-2012 Kindergarten teachers, except special education

 31,690 H 190 241 52 27.2 29-9199 All other health practitioners and technical workers

 31,110 H 42 53 11 26.8 27-4011 Audio and video equipment technicians

27-4014 Sound engineering technicians2 36,970 H 13 16 3 25.5

 35,170 H 577 717 140 24.3 41-9098 All other sales and related workers

33-1099 All other first-line supervisors/managers, protective

 34,320 H 56 70 13 23.9 service workers

 32,710 H 48 57 9 19.4 19-4021 Biological technicians

43-4161 Human resources assistants, except payroll and

 30,410 H 174 207 33 19.2 timekeeping

19-4092 Forensic science technicians4 41,040 H 8 10 2 18.9

 41,170 H 49 58 9 17.8 29-1031 Dietitians and nutritionists

 34,030 H 137 162 24 17.5 19-4098 All other life, physical, and social science technicians

 36,290 H 161 189 27 17.1 27-2042 Musicians and singers

27-2099 All other entertainers and performers, sports and

 33,740 H 56 65 9 16.4 related workers

 39,290 H 39 45 6 15.7 39-1011 Gaming supervisors

See footnotes at end of table.
22

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

49-2011 Computer, automated teller, and office machine

repairers .............................................................. Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 27.6 50.3 22.0

43-5061 Production, planning, and expediting clerks .................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 37.0 35.2 27.8

47-4011 Construction and building inspectors ............................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 35.6 41.9 22.4

27-2041 Music directors and composers ..................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 HS/SC/C 21.0 26.1 52.9

41-3011 Advertising sales agents ................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 20.6 28.6 50.8

11-9141 Property, real estate, and community association

managers ............................................................ Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 29.1 33.3 37.7

23-2091 Court reporters ............................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 25.2 41.1 33.6

11-9051 Food service managers ................................................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 42.9 32.6 24.4

33-3041 Parking enforcement workers7 ...................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 28.7 47.3 24.0

27-4012 Broadcast technicians .................................................... Associate degree HS/SC/C 22.7 40.9 36.4

13-1021 Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products2 ............. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 55.3 20.1 24.6

19-4011 Agricultural and food science technicians ...................... Associate degree HS/SC/C 34.4 26.4 39.3

41-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales

workers ................................................................ Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 41.1 34.4 24.5

41-3021 Insurance sales agents .................................................. Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 22.6 34.0 43.4

39-4011 Embalmers6 ................................................................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 37.1 42.3 20.6

23-9099 All other legal and related workers ................................. Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 25.2 41.1 33.6

33-3031 Fish and game wardens7 ............................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 28.7 47.3 24.0

45-2011 Agricultural inspectors2 .................................................. Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 36.6 31.4 32.0

43-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of office and

administrative support workers ........................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 33.1 39.5 27.3

11-9081 Lodging managers ......................................................... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 30.6 21.9 47.5

41-9022 Real estate sales agents ................................................ Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 22.2 37.0 40.7

19-4031 Chemical technicians ..................................................... Associate degree HS/SC/C 31.7 39.7 28.7

13-1022 Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products ....... Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 30.4 34.6 35.0

19-4093 Forest and conservation technicians2 ............................ Associate degree HS/SC/C 23.2 36.7 40.1

23-2092 Law clerks ...................................................................... Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 25.2 41.1 33.6

19-4041 Geological and petroleum technicians2 ......................... Associate degree HS/SC/C 29.2 43.5 27.3

43-4999 All other financial, information, and record clerks .......... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 26.8 50.3 22.9

23-2093 Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers .................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 25.2 41.1 33.6

27-4013 Radio operators4 ............................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 22.7 40.9 36.4

43-9111 Statistical assistants2 ..................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 35.6 35.8 28.6

43-4061 Eligibility interviewers, government programs ................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 20.4 50.8 28.8

43-4131 Loan interviewers and clerks ......................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 33.3 42.8 23.9

43-4011 Brokerage clerks2 .......................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 31.7 40.4 27.9

43-9011 Computer operators ....................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 39.1 40.5 20.4

39-9031 Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors ....................... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 22.0 30.6 47.4

39-9041 Residential advisors ....................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 31.8 43.2 24.9

43-4051 Customer service representatives ................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 38.3 40.3 21.4

41-9011 Demonstrators and product promoters .......................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 26.5 38.3 35.2

25-4031 Library technicians2 ....................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 23.0 34.6 42.3

39-1012 Slot key persons ............................................................ Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 35.4 31.5 33.1

41-9012 Models4 .......................................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 26.5 38.3 35.2

33-9095 All other protective service workers ............................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 39.9 37.0 23.1

39-2011 Animal trainers ............................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 47.5 28.3 24.2

43-4181 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and

travel clerks ......................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 31.6 45.3 23.1

51-9131 Photographic process workers ....................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 41.6 32.8 25.5

51-7042 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and

tenders, except sawing ....................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 66.5 11.5 22.0

51-7099 All other woodworkers .................................................... Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 56.9 22.7 20.4

39-6022 Travel guides4 ................................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 41.7 23.7 34.7

43-9999 All other secretaries, administrative assistants, and

other office support workers ................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 29.5 37.8 32.6

43-9081 Proofreaders and copy markers2 ................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 32.3 33.7 34.0

27-3010 Announcers .................................................................... Long-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 45.3 31.6 23.0

41-9091 Door-to-door sales workers, news and street

vendors, and related workers .............................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 46.1 31.3 22.6

See footnotes at end of table.
23

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

49-2011 Computer, automated teller, and office machine

$33,250 H 156 180 24 15.0 repairers

 33,650 H 288 328 40 14.0 43-5061 Production, planning, and expediting clerks

 41,620 H 84 95 12 13.8 47-4011 Construction and building inspectors

 31,310 H 54 62 7 13.5 27-2041 Music directors and composers

 37,670 H 157 178 21 13.4 41-3011 Advertising sales agents

11-9141 Property, real estate, and community association

 36,880 H 293 330 37 12.8 managers

 41,550 H 18 20 2 12.7 23-2091 Court reporters

 35,790 H 386 430 44 11.5 11-9051 Food service managers

33-3041 Parking enforcement workers7 28,110 H 11 12 1 11.5

 27,760 H 35 39 4 11.3 27-4012 Broadcast technicians

13-1021 Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products2 40,900 H 19 21 2 10.2

 28,580 H 20 22 2 9.3 19-4011 Agricultural and food science technicians

41-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales

 29,700 H 1,798 1,962 163 9.1 workers

 40,750 H 381 413 32 8.4 41-3021 Insurance sales agents

39-4011 Embalmers6 34,240 H 7 7 1 8.3

 38,700 H 101 109 8 7.6 23-9099 All other legal and related workers

33-3031 Fish and game wardens7 41,010 H 8 8 1 7.1

45-2011 Agricultural inspectors2 28,620 H 16 17 1 6.8

43-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of office and

 38,820 H 1,459 1,555 96 6.6 administrative support workers

 33,970 H 69 73 5 6.6 11-9081 Lodging managers

 30,930 H 308 325 18 5.7 41-9022 Real estate sales agents

 37,430 H 69 72 3 4.6 19-4031 Chemical technicians

 40,780 H 155 162 7 4.3 13-1022 Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products

19-4093 Forest and conservation technicians2 30,980 H 19 20 1 4.0

 30,460 H 48 50 2 3.8 23-2092 Law clerks

19-4041 Geological and petroleum technicians2 39,430 H 11 11 0 1.3

 30,030 H 304 306 2 .5 43-4999 All other financial, information, and record clerks

 32,610 H 55 53 -1 -2.7 23-2093 Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers

27-4013 Radio operators4 31,530 H 3 3 0 -6.2

43-9111 Statistical assistants2 29,470 H 23 22 -2 -7.2

 31,010 H 94 83 -11 -11.6 43-4061 Eligibility interviewers, government programs

 27,830 H 170 146 -24 -14.3 43-4131 Loan interviewers and clerks

43-4011 Brokerage clerks2 33,210 H 78 67 -11 -14.7

 29,650 H 182 151 -30 -16.8 43-9011 Computer operators

 23,950 L 183 264 81 44.4 39-9031 Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors

 20,700 L 53 71 18 33.6 39-9041 Residential advisors

 26,240 L 1,894 2,354 460 24.3 43-4051 Customer service representatives

 20,380 L 175 204 30 17.0 41-9011 Demonstrators and product promoters

25-4031 Library technicians2 24,090 L 119 139 20 16.8

 22,870 L 21 24 3 14.8 39-1012 Slot key persons

41-9012 Models4 21,400 L 5 5 1 14.5

 23,410 L 237 271 34 14.3 33-9095 All other protective service workers

 22,950 L 26 30 4 14.3 39-2011 Animal trainers

43-4181 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and

 25,350 L 177 199 22 12.2 travel clerks

 20,220 L 28 30 2 5.4 51-9131 Photographic process workers

51-7042 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and

 22,030 L 95 98 3 3.0 tenders, except sawing

 21,020 L 29 29 0 1.7 51-7099 All other woodworkers

39-6022 Travel guides4 26,110 L 6 6 0 -.3

43-9999 All other secretaries, administrative assistants, and

 25,840 L 435 431 -4 -.9 other office support workers

43-9081 Proofreaders and copy markers2 24,280 L 27 26 -1 -4.8

 20,620 L 76 68 -8 -10.1 27-3010 Announcers

41-9091 Door-to-door sales workers, news and street

 25,340 L 155 137 -18 -11.8 vendors, and related workers

See footnotes at end of table.
24

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

41-3041 Travel agents ................................................................. Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 27.9 44.1 28.0

25-2011 Preschool teachers, except special education ............... Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 21.7 31.0 47.2

41-2021 Counter and rental clerks ............................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 49.1 28.1 22.8

39-9099 Personal care and service workers, all other ................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 40.1 38.9 21.0

43-4121 Library assistants, clerical .............................................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 25.2 44.7 30.0

39-9032 Recreation workers ........................................................ Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 22.0 30.6 47.4

39-6032 Transportation attendants, except flight attendants

and baggage porters ........................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 25.3 37.9 36.7

39-4021 Funeral attendants6 ....................................................... Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 37.1 42.3 20.6

41-2031 Retail salespersons ........................................................ Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 42.0 32.9 25.1

39-6021 Tour guides and escorts ................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 41.7 23.7 34.7

51-9132 Photographic processing machine operators ................. Short-term on-the-job training HS/SC/C 41.6 32.8 25.5

15-1081 Network systems and data communications analysts ... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.3 31.2 57.5

29-1071 Physician assistants ....................................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.1 27.5 67.4

15-1061 Database administrators ................................................ Bachelor’s degree SC/C 9.8 23.0 67.1

29-2021 Dental hygienists ............................................................ Associate degree SC/C 5.3 62.6 32.1

15-1051 Computer systems analysts ........................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 10.4 27.2 62.4

15-1071 Network and computer systems administrators ............. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.1 38.8 50.2

15-1099 All other computer specialists ........................................ Associate degree SC/C 10.4 27.2 62.4

11-3021 Computer and information systems managers .............. Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 7.3 22.4 70.4

29-1124 Radiation therapists3 ..................................................... Associate degree SC/C 1.8 57.3 41.0

11-2022 Sales managers ............................................................. Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 9.7 23.2 67.2

15-1011 Computer and information scientists, research .............. Doctoral degree SC/C 10.4 27.2 62.4

11-9111 Medical and health services managers .......................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 9.4 29.6 61.0

13-1061 Emergency management specialists4 ........................... Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 19.9 30.8 49.3

13-1072 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists .... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.8 28.5 55.7

13-1073 Training and development specialists ............................ Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.8 28.5 55.7

13-1198 All other business operations specialists ....................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.8 28.5 55.7

29-1111 Registered nurses .......................................................... Associate degree SC/C 1.8 40.1 58.1

27-3042 Technical writers ............................................................ Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.3 25.3 69.4

11-2011 Advertising and promotions managers .......................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 8.5 21.7 69.9

33-3051 Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .................................. Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 18.8 53.4 27.8

29-2032 Diagnostic medical sonographers .................................. Associate degree SC/C 10.6 65.8 23.6

29-2033 Nuclear medicine technologists2 ................................... Associate degree SC/C 12.1 66.6 21.3

33-3021 Detectives and criminal investigators ............................. Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 9.4 35.0 55.6

11-2021 Marketing managers ...................................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 9.7 23.2 67.2

11-3040 Human resources managers .......................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 13.4 25.8 60.8

29-2011 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists ................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 14.8 35.5 49.7

27-2021 Athletes and sports competitors ..................................... Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 14.8 25.5 59.7

13-2072 Loan officers .................................................................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 19.2 30.5 50.3

13-2041 Credit analysts ............................................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.0 26.7 56.3

33-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and

prevention workers .............................................. Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 17.8 57.2 25.0

11-3031 Financial managers ........................................................ Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 14.4 24.3 61.3

27-2012 Producers and directors ................................................. Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 4.8 21.9 73.3

11-1011 Chief executives ............................................................. Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 16.1 21.1 62.8

27-1014 Multi-media artists and animators .................................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 13.7 27.8 58.5

33-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of police and

detectives ............................................................ Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 17.2 54.3 28.4

27-1021 Commercial and industrial designers ............................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1

15-1021 Computer programmers ................................................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 7.6 22.4 70.1

41-3031 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales

agents ................................................................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.9 21.0 67.1

53-2021 Air traffic controllers ....................................................... Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 17.3 33.6 49.1

15-2090 Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations7 ....... Master’s degree SC/C 7.5 24.2 68.3

27-1011 Art directors .................................................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 13.7 27.8 58.5

17-3099 All other drafters, engineering, and mapping

technicians .......................................................... Associate degree SC/C 15.5 61.0 23.5

17-2112 Industrial engineers ........................................................ Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.1 26.5 68.3

27-1022 Fashion designers .......................................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1

See footnotes at end of table.
25

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

$26,630 L 118 102 -16 -13.8 41-3041 Travel agents

 19,270 VL 424 577 153 36.2 25-2011 Preschool teachers, except special education

 17,280 VL 436 550 114 26.2 41-2021 Counter and rental clerks

 17,820 VL 134 168 35 25.9 39-9099 Personal care and service workers, all other

 19,450 VL 120 146 26 21.5 43-4121 Library assistants, clerical

 18,060 VL 302 364 62 20.5 39-9032 Recreation workers

39-6032 Transportation attendants, except flight attendants

 18,720 VL 26 31 5 18.9 and baggage porters

39-4021 Funeral attendants6 18,190 VL 26 31 5 18.9

 17,710 VL 4,076 4,672 596 14.6 41-2031 Retail salespersons

 18,500 VL 36 40 4 11.0 39-6021 Tour guides and escorts

 18,820 VL 54 59 5 9.2 51-9132 Photographic processing machine operators

 58,420 VH 186 292 106 57.0 15-1081 Network systems and data communications analysts

 64,670 VH 63 94 31 48.8 29-1071 Physician assistants

 55,480 VH 110 159 49 44.2 15-1061 Database administrators

 55,320 VH 148 212 64 43.1 29-2021 Dental hygienists

 62,890 VH 468 653 184 39.4 15-1051 Computer systems analysts

 54,810 VH 251 345 94 37.4 15-1071 Network and computer systems administrators

 54,070 VH 192 262 70 36.5 15-1099 All other computer specialists

 85,240 VH 284 387 103 36.1 11-3021 Computer and information systems managers

29-1124 Radiation therapists3 50,640 VH 14 18 4 31.6

 75,040 VH 343 448 105 30.5 11-2022 Sales managers

 77,760 VH 23 30 7 30.0 15-1011 Computer and information scientists, research

 61,370 VH 244 315 71 29.3 11-9111 Medical and health services managers

13-1061 Emergency management specialists4 43,560 VH 11 14 3 28.2

 45,100 VH 91 116 25 28.0 13-1072 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists

 42,800 VH 209 267 58 27.9 13-1073 Training and development specialists

 50,680 VH 1,056 1,346 290 27.5 13-1198 All other business operations specialists

 48,090 VH 2,284 2,908 623 27.3 29-1111 Registered nurses

 50,580 VH 50 63 13 27.1 27-3042 Technical writers

 57,130 VH 85 107 21 25.0 11-2011 Advertising and promotions managers

 42,270 VH 619 772 153 24.7 33-3051 Police and sheriff’s patrol officers

 48,660 VH 37 45 9 24.0 29-2032 Diagnostic medical sonographers

29-2033 Nuclear medicine technologists2 48,750 VH 17 21 4 23.6

 51,410 VH 94 115 21 22.4 33-3021 Detectives and criminal investigators

 78,250 VH 203 246 43 21.4 11-2021 Marketing managers

 64,710 VH 202 242 39 19.4 11-3040 Human resources managers

 42,910 VH 150 179 29 19.3 29-2011 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists

 45,320 VH 15 18 3 19.2 27-2021 Athletes and sports competitors

 43,980 VH 223 266 42 18.8 13-2072 Loan officers

 42,910 VH 66 78 12 18.7 13-2041 Credit analysts

33-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and

 55,450 VH 63 74 12 18.7 prevention workers

 73,340 VH 599 709 109 18.3 11-3031 Financial managers

 46,240 VH 76 90 14 18.2 27-2012 Producers and directors

 126,260 VH 553 645 93 16.8 11-1011 Chief executives

 43,980 VH 75 87 12 15.8 27-1014 Multi-media artists and animators

33-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of police and

 61,010 VH 114 131 17 15.2 detectives

 52,260 VH 52 59 8 14.6 27-1021 Commercial and industrial designers

 60,290 VH 499 571 73 14.6 15-1021 Computer programmers

41-3031 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales

 60,990 VH 300 339 39 13.0 agents

 91,600 VH 26 29 3 12.6 53-2021 Air traffic controllers

15-2090 Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations7 52,060 VH 7 8 1 11.8

 61,850 VH 51 56 6 11.4 27-1011 Art directors

17-3099 All other drafters, engineering, and mapping

 44,450 VH 150 167 17 11.3 technicians

 62,150 VH 158 175 17 10.6 17-2112 Industrial engineers

 51,290 VH 15 16 2 10.6 27-1022 Fashion designers

See footnotes at end of table.
26

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

13-1041 Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,

health and safety, and transportation .................. Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 11.9 30.8 57.3

13-2061 Financial examiners7 ..................................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.3 23.4 65.3

17-2111 Health and safety engineers, except mining safety

engineers and inspectors .................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.1 26.5 68.3

11-9061 Funeral directors ............................................................ Associate degree SC/C 4.5 56.2 39.2

15-2031 Operations research analysts ........................................ Master’s degree SC/C 11.0 30.7 58.3

17-2061 Computer hardware engineers ...................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.9 25.5 68.6

13-2081 Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents ............ Bachelor’s degree SC/C 14.6 32.1 53.3

11-3061 Purchasing managers .................................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 SC/C 15.0 31.0 54.0

19-1032 Foresters2 ...................................................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 9.7 23.2 67.1

19-1031 Conservation scientists2 ................................................ Bachelor’s degree SC/C 9.7 23.2 67.1

15-2021 Mathematicians7 ............................................................ Master’s degree SC/C 7.5 24.2 68.3

31-2021 Physical therapist assistants .......................................... Associate degree SC/C 16.0 61.5 22.5

25-3021 Self-enrichment education teachers .............................. Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 14.4 30.4 55.2

29-1126 Respiratory therapists .................................................... Associate degree SC/C 4.8 67.6 27.6

25-3999 All other teachers, primary, secondary, and adult .......... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 14.4 30.4 55.2

29-2031 Cardiovascular technologists and technicians ............... Associate degree SC/C 10.6 65.8 23.6

15-1041 Computer support specialists ......................................... Associate degree SC/C 15.5 42.7 41.8

23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants ..................................... Associate degree SC/C 15.8 41.9 42.2

13-1071 Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists .... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.8 28.5 55.7

31-9011 Massage therapists ........................................................ Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 17.7 47.0 35.3

27-4032 Film and video editors3 .................................................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.0 34.9 50.1

33-9021 Private detectives and investigators .............................. Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 18.4 35.9 45.8

21-2021 Directors, religious activities and education ................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.1 31.9 57.0

29-2034 Radiologic technologists and technicians ...................... Associate degree SC/C 10.6 65.8 23.6

27-3091 Interpreters and translators2 .......................................... Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 16.4 30.9 52.8

27-1024 Graphic designers .......................................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1

21-1091 Health educators2 .......................................................... Master’s degree SC/C 18.4 23.7 57.9

27-1025 Interior designers ........................................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1

13-1121 Meeting and convention planners .................................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.4 26.7 57.9

27-1027 Set and exhibit designers2 ............................................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 19.8 31.8 48.4

25-3011 Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers

and instructors ..................................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 14.4 30.4 55.2

27-4099 All other media and communication equipment

workers7 .............................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training SC/C 19.0 31.9 49.1

29-2012 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians .................... Associate degree SC/C 14.8 35.5 49.7

27-2022 Coaches and scouts ...................................................... Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 14.8 25.5 59.7

13-2071 Loan counselors ............................................................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 19.2 30.5 50.3

13-2021 Appraisers and assessors of real estate ........................ Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 14.7 29.9 55.4

53-2022 Airfield operations specialists4 ....................................... Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 17.3 33.6 49.1

27-3099 All other media and communication workers ................. Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 13.8 32.5 53.7

27-1013 Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and

illustrators ............................................................ Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 13.7 27.8 58.5

21-1092 Probation officers and correctional treatment

specialists ............................................................ Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.2 24.0 60.8

27-4031 Camera operators, television, video, and motion

picture2 ................................................................ Moderate-term on-the-job training SC/C 14.5 28.2 57.3

27-1099 All other art and design workers .................................... Bachelor’s degree SC/C 13.7 27.8 58.5

29-1125 Recreational therapists .................................................. Bachelor’s degree SC/C 12.5 22.3 65.2

17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters ........................................ Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 15.5 61.0 23.5

17-3013 Mechanical drafters ........................................................ Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 15.5 61.0 23.5

17-3012 Electrical and electronics drafters .................................. Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 15.5 61.0 23.5

21-1093 Social and human service assistants ............................. Moderate-term on-the-job training SC/C 15.2 24.0 60.8

31-2022 Physical therapist aides ................................................. Short-term on-the-job training SC/C 16.0 61.5 22.5

13-2082 Tax preparers ................................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training SC/C 16.7 29.2 54.0

27-2011 Actors ............................................................................. Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 4.0 29.6 66.4

27-2023 Umpires, referees, and other sports officials2 ................ Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 16.3 22.9 60.8

27-4021 Photographers ............................................................... Long-term on-the-job training SC/C 19.4 27.4 53.1

27-1026 Merchandise displayers and window trimmers .............. Moderate-term on-the-job training SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1

27-1023 Floral designers ............................................................. Moderate-term on-the-job training SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1

See footnotes at end of table.
27

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

13-1041 Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,

$44,800 VH 158 173 15 9.8 health and safety, and transportation

13-2061 Financial examiners7 56,220 VH 25 27 2 8.9

17-2111 Health and safety engineers, except mining safety

 58,010 VH 36 38 3 7.9 engineers and inspectors

 43,380 VH 24 26 2 6.6 11-9061 Funeral directors

 56,920 VH 62 66 4 6.2 15-2031 Operations research analysts

 72,150 VH 74 78 5 6.1 17-2061 Computer hardware engineers

 42,250 VH 75 79 4 5.0 13-2081 Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents

 59,890 VH 108 113 5 4.8 11-3061 Purchasing managers

19-1032 Foresters2 46,730 VH 14 14 1 4.7

19-1031 Conservation scientists2 50,340 VH 19 20 1 4.1

15-2021 Mathematicians7 76,470 VH 3 3 0 -1.0

 36,080 H 50 73 22 44.6 31-2021 Physical therapist assistants

 29,320 H 200 281 80 40.1 25-3021 Self-enrichment education teachers

 40,220 H 86 116 30 34.8 29-1126 Respiratory therapists

 29,250 H 679 908 229 33.7 25-3999 All other teachers, primary, secondary, and adult

 36,430 H 43 58 15 33.5 29-2031 Cardiovascular technologists and technicians

 39,100 H 507 660 153 30.3 15-1041 Computer support specialists

 37,950 H 200 257 57 28.7 23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants

 39,410 H 175 223 48 27.3 13-1071 Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists

 28,610 H 92 117 25 27.0 31-9011 Massage therapists

27-4032 Film and video editors3 38,270 H 19 25 5 26.4

 29,300 H 48 60 12 25.3 33-9021 Private detectives and investigators

 28,020 H 105 131 25 24.1 21-2021 Directors, religious activities and education

 38,970 H 174 214 40 23.0 29-2034 Radiologic technologists and technicians

27-3091 Interpreters and translators2 32,590 H 24 29 5 22.0

 36,680 H 212 258 46 21.9 27-1024 Graphic designers

21-1091 Health educators2 36,240 H 45 54 10 21.9

 39,180 H 60 73 13 21.7 27-1025 Interior designers

 37,420 H 37 45 8 21.3 13-1121 Meeting and convention planners

27-1027 Set and exhibit designers2 33,870 H 12 15 3 20.9

25-3011 Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers

 36,400 H 80 96 16 20.4 and instructors

27-4099 All other media and communication equipment

workers7 34,680 H 24 29 5 20.1

 29,040 H 147 176 29 19.4 29-2012 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians

 27,880 H 130 153 24 18.3 27-2022 Coaches and scouts

 32,010 H 31 37 6 17.8 13-2071 Loan counselors

 41,760 H 88 104 16 17.6 13-2021 Appraisers and assessors of real estate

53-2022 Airfield operations specialists4 36,010 H 6 7 1 17.2

 38,680 H 58 68 10 17.2 27-3099 All other media and communication workers

27-1013 Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and

 35,260 H 23 27 4 16.5 illustrators

21-1092 Probation officers and correctional treatment

 38,360 H 84 97 12 14.6 specialists

27-4031 Camera operators, television, video, and motion

picture2 32,720 H 28 32 4 13.4

 34,060 H 95 106 11 11.5 27-1099 All other art and design workers

 30,540 H 27 29 2 9.1 29-1125 Recreational therapists

 37,330 H 106 110 4 4.2 17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters

 40,730 H 72 74 1 1.9 17-3013 Mechanical drafters

 41,090 H 38 38 0 .7 17-3012 Electrical and electronics drafters

 23,370 L 305 454 149 48.7 21-1093 Social and human service assistants

 20,670 L 37 54 17 46.4 31-2022 Physical therapist aides

 25,630 L 79 98 18 23.2 13-2082 Tax preparers

 23,470 L 63 74 11 17.7 27-2011 Actors

27-2023 Umpires, referees, and other sports officials2 20,540 L 14 16 2 16.9

 24,040 L 130 148 18 13.6 27-4021 Photographers

 22,550 L 77 86 9 11.3 27-1026 Merchandise displayers and window trimmers

 19,480 VL 104 117 13 12.4 27-1023 Floral designers

See footnotes at end of table.
28

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications ................... Bachelor’s degree C 4.1 15.2 80.7

15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems software .......... Bachelor’s degree C 4.1 15.2 80.7

17-2081 Environmental engineers ............................................... Bachelor’s degree C 7.3 6.9 85.9

25-1000 Postsecondary teachers ................................................ Doctoral degree C 2.8 7.4 89.8

29-1123 Physical therapists ......................................................... Master’s degree C 2.7 5.8 91.4

29-1122 Occupational therapists ................................................. Bachelor’s degree C .1 13.8 86.1

13-2052 Personal financial advisors ............................................ Bachelor’s degree C 4.5 13.7 81.8

19-1041 Epidemiologists4 ............................................................ Master’s degree C .6 1.8 97.7

13-1111 Management analysts .................................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 7.5 15.7 76.8

29-1051 Pharmacists ................................................................... First professional degree C 1.3 3.8 94.8

25-2040 Special education teachers ............................................ Bachelor’s degree C 3.8 5.9 90.2

29-1121 Audiologists2 .................................................................. Master’s degree C 2.5 .3 97.1

13-1011 Agents and business managers of artists,

performers, and athletes ..................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 17.4 17.0 65.6

11-9151 Social and community service managers ...................... Bachelor’s degree C 9.7 19.2 71.1

29-1127 Speech-language pathologists ....................................... Master’s degree C 1.7 1.4 97.0

19-1042 Medical scientists, except epidemiologists .................... Doctoral degree C .6 1.8 97.7

17-2031 Biomedical engineers7 ................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 19.2 74.9

11-9033 Education administrators, postsecondary ...................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 8.6 17.9 73.5

25-9031 Instructional coordinators ............................................... Master’s degree C 8.2 7.1 84.6

29-1131 Veterinarians .................................................................. First professional degree C .0 1.2 98.8

29-1198 All other health diagnosing and treating practitioners .... Bachelor’s degree C 7.3 9.4 83.3

19-3031 Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists .............. Doctoral degree C .0 .6 99.4

19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists, including

health .................................................................. Master’s degree C 3.3 4.4 92.3

11-2031 Public relations managers .............................................. Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 9.7 19.8 70.6

19-3021 Market research analysts ............................................... Master’s degree C 7.4 13.6 79.0

29-1011 Chiropractors ................................................................. First professional degree C 2.0 .2 97.9

19-1021 Biochemists and biophysicists ....................................... Doctoral degree C .5 3.6 95.9

19-1029 Biological scientists, all other ......................................... Bachelor’s degree C .5 3.6 95.9

17-1012 Landscape architects ..................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 3.0 9.8 87.2

19-2043 Hydrologists4 ................................................................. Master’s degree C 3.3 4.4 92.3

11-9032 Education administrators, elementary and secondary

school .................................................................. Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 8.6 17.9 73.5

19-1022 Microbiologists ............................................................... Doctoral degree C .5 3.6 95.9

41-9031 Sales engineers ............................................................. Bachelor’s degree C 4.2 15.9 79.9

19-3092 Geographers4 ................................................................ Master’s degree C 6.5 11.5 81.9

13-2011 Accountants and auditors .............................................. Bachelor’s degree C 6.7 19.7 73.6

29-1060 Physicians and surgeons ............................................... First professional degree C .8 2.3 96.9

11-9039 Education administrators, all other ................................. Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 8.6 17.9 73.5

13-2051 Financial analysts .......................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 15.9 78.2

53-2011 Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers .................... Bachelor’s degree C 5.0 18.9 76.1

19-1099 All other life scientists .................................................... Bachelor’s degree C .6 1.8 97.7

25-2031 Secondary school teachers, except special and

vocational education ........................................... Bachelor’s degree C 1.5 3.6 94.9

17-1011 Architects, except landscape and naval ......................... Bachelor’s degree C 3.0 9.8 87.2

29-1041 Optometrists ................................................................... First professional degree C 8.4 8.0 83.6

23-1011 Lawyers .......................................................................... First professional degree C .7 1.5 97.8

19-2021 Atmospheric and space scientists2 ................................ Bachelor’s degree C .4 9.2 90.4

27-3043 Writers and authors ........................................................ Bachelor’s degree C 3.0 13.1 83.8

19-3032 Industrial-organizational psychologists4 ........................ Master’s degree C .0 .6 99.4

25-2021 Elementary school teachers, except special

education ............................................................. Bachelor’s degree C 2.8 5.3 91.8

17-1021 Cartographers and photogrammetrists4 ........................ Bachelor’s degree C 11.3 14.1 74.6

29-1081 Podiatrists2 .................................................................... First professional degree C .6 .7 98.7

21-1012 Educational, vocational, and school counselors ............ Master’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8

53-2012 Commercial pilots .......................................................... Postsecondary vocational award C 5.0 18.9 76.1

15-2011 Actuaries ........................................................................ Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 2.7 9.0 88.4

13-2031 Budget analysts ............................................................. Bachelor’s degree C 7.3 17.6 75.1

23-1022 Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators .......................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C .7 1.5 97.8

See footnotes at end of table.
29

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

$70,900 VH 394 573 179 45.5 15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications

 74,040 VH 281 409 128 45.5 15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems software

 61,410 VH 47 65 18 38.2 17-2081 Environmental engineers

 49,090 VH 1,581 2,184 603 38.1 25-1000 Postsecondary teachers

 57,330 VH 137 185 48 35.3 29-1123 Physical therapists

 51,990 VH 82 110 29 35.2 29-1122 Occupational therapists

 56,680 VH 126 170 44 34.6 13-2052 Personal financial advisors

19-1041 Epidemiologists4 53,840 VH 4 5 1 32.5

 60,340 VH 577 753 176 30.4 13-1111 Management analysts

 77,050 VH 230 299 69 30.1 29-1051 Pharmacists

 43,450 VH 433 563 130 30.0 25-2040 Special education teachers

29-1121 Audiologists2 48,400 VH 11 14 3 29.0

13-1011 Agents and business managers of artists,

 55,730 VH 15 19 4 27.8 performers, and athletes

 43,080 VH 129 164 36 27.7 11-9151 Social and community service managers

 49,450 VH 94 120 26 27.2 29-1127 Speech-language pathologists

 56,980 VH 58 73 16 26.9 19-1042 Medical scientists, except epidemiologists

17-2031 Biomedical engineers7 60,410 VH 8 10 2 26.1

 64,640 VH 125 157 32 25.9 11-9033 Education administrators, postsecondary

 47,350 VH 98 123 25 25.4 25-9031 Instructional coordinators

 63,090 VH 58 72 14 25.1 29-1131 Veterinarians

 52,430 VH 107 134 26 24.5 29-1198 All other health diagnosing and treating practitioners

 51,170 VH 137 171 34 24.4 19-3031 Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists

19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists, including

 47,600 VH 65 80 15 23.7 health

 60,640 VH 69 85 16 23.4 11-2031 Public relations managers

 53,810 VH 134 166 31 23.4 19-3021 Market research analysts

 65,330 VH 49 60 11 23.3 29-1011 Chiropractors

 60,390 VH 17 21 4 22.9 19-1021 Biochemists and biophysicists

 53,300 VH 27 33 6 22.3 19-1029 Biological scientists, all other

 47,400 VH 23 28 5 22.2 17-1012 Landscape architects

19-2043 Hydrologists4 56,530 VH 8 10 2 21.0

11-9032 Education administrators, elementary and secondary

 71,490 VH 217 262 45 20.7 school

 51,020 VH 16 20 3 20.0 19-1022 Microbiologists

 63,660 VH 82 98 16 19.9 41-9031 Sales engineers

19-3092 Geographers4 53,420 VH 1 1 0 19.5

 47,000 VH 1,055 1,261 205 19.5 13-2011 Accountants and auditors

 145,600 VH 583 697 114 19.5 29-1060 Physicians and surgeons

 57,840 VH 27 32 5 19.1 11-9039 Education administrators, all other

 57,100 VH 172 204 32 18.7 13-2051 Financial analysts

 109,580 VH 79 94 15 18.5 53-2011 Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers

 46,140 VH 26 31 5 18.3 19-1099 All other life scientists

25-2031 Secondary school teachers, except special and

 43,950 VH 988 1,167 180 18.2 vocational education

 56,620 VH 113 133 20 17.2 17-1011 Architects, except landscape and naval

 86,090 VH 32 38 5 17.1 29-1041 Optometrists

 90,290 VH 695 813 118 17.0 23-1011 Lawyers

19-2021 Atmospheric and space scientists2 60,200 VH 8 9 1 16.2

 42,790 VH 139 161 22 16.1 27-3043 Writers and authors

19-3032 Industrial-organizational psychologists4 63,710 VH 2 2 0 16.0

25-2021 Elementary school teachers, except special

 41,780 VH 1,467 1,690 223 15.2 education

17-1021 Cartographers and photogrammetrists4 42,870 VH 9 10 1 15.1

29-1081 Podiatrists2 94,870 VH 13 15 2 15.0

 44,100 VH 228 262 34 15.0 21-1012 Educational, vocational, and school counselors

 47,970 VH 21 24 3 14.9 53-2012 Commercial pilots

 69,970 VH 15 18 2 14.9 15-2011 Actuaries

 52,480 VH 62 71 9 14.0 13-2031 Budget analysts

 47,320 VH 6 7 1 13.7 23-1022 Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators

See footnotes at end of table.
30

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

19-3011 Economists2 ................................................................... Master’s degree C 1.0 8.5 90.4

19-3041 Sociologists7 .................................................................. Master’s degree C 3.5 7.1 89.5

29-9010 Occupational health and safety specialists and

technicians4 ........................................................ Bachelor’s degree C 9.2 17.5 73.3

19-2031 Chemists ........................................................................ Bachelor’s degree C 2.9 3.2 94.0

19-2042 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers .... Master’s degree C 3.3 4.4 92.3

11-9121 Natural sciences managers2 .......................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 8.8 4.2 87.0

17-1099 All other architects, surveyors, and cartographers ......... Bachelor’s degree C 11.3 14.1 74.6

19-3051 Urban and regional planners .......................................... Master’s degree C 4.5 .0 95.5

17-2021 Agricultural engineers7 .................................................. Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 19.2 74.9

25-4021 Librarians ....................................................................... Master’s degree C 8.5 15.0 76.5

19-3098 All other social scientists and related workers ............... Master’s degree C .0 .6 99.4

17-2199 All other engineers ......................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 3.9 19.1 77.0

17-2072 Electronics engineers, except computer ........................ Bachelor’s degree C 4.9 14.7 80.4

11-9041 Engineering managers ................................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 7.6 16.9 75.5

25-2032 Vocational education teachers, secondary school ......... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 1.5 3.6 94.9

25-2023 Vocational education teachers, middle school ............... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 2.8 5.3 91.8

25-2022 Middle school teachers, except special and

vocational education ........................................... Bachelor’s degree C 2.8 5.3 91.8

23-1023 Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates ................. Bachelor’s plus experience9 C .7 1.5 97.8

19-2032 Materials scientists2 ....................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 3.2 5.6 91.2

17-2051 Civil engineers ............................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 2.7 9.2 88.1

19-1023 Zoologists and wildlife biologists .................................... Bachelor’s degree C .5 3.6 95.9

19-2012 Physicists ....................................................................... Doctoral degree C .0 6.5 93.5

19-3093 Historians4 ..................................................................... Master’s degree C 6.5 11.5 81.9

19-2099 All other physical scientists ............................................ Bachelor’s degree C .7 1.3 98.0

19-3094 Political scientists4 ......................................................... Master’s degree C 6.5 11.5 81.9

23-1021 Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing

officers ................................................................. Bachelor’s plus experience9 C .7 1.5 97.8

19-2011 Astronomers4 ................................................................. Doctoral degree C .0 6.5 93.5

17-2141 Mechanical engineers .................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 5.0 17.7 77.3

15-2041 Statisticians .................................................................... Master’s degree C 6.7 10.4 82.9

29-1020 Dentists .......................................................................... First professional degree C 1.0 3.5 95.5

17-2131 Materials engineers ........................................................ Bachelor’s degree C 10.4 20.0 69.6

17-2071 Electrical engineers ........................................................ Bachelor’s degree C 4.9 14.7 80.4

17-2041 Chemical engineers ....................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 1.7 5.4 92.9

17-2161 Nuclear engineers2 ........................................................ Bachelor’s degree C 5.4 5.5 89.1

17-2151 Mining and geological engineers, including mining

safety engineers7 ................................................ Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 19.2 74.9

17-2121 Marine engineers and naval architects7 ........................ Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 19.2 74.9

17-2011 Aerospace engineers ..................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 4.5 13.8 81.8

17-2171 Petroleum engineers ...................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 7.5 9.6 82.9

21-1023 Mental health and substance abuse social workers ...... Master’s degree C 7.8 18.4 73.8

27-3031 Public relations specialists ............................................. Bachelor’s degree C 7.8 14.3 77.8

11-9031 Education administrators, preschool and child care

center/program .................................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 8.6 17.9 73.5

29-9091 Athletic trainers4 ............................................................ Bachelor’s degree C 9.2 17.5 73.3

21-1022 Medical and public health social workers ....................... Bachelor’s degree C 7.8 18.4 73.8

21-9099 All other counselors, social, and religious workers ........ Bachelor’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8

21-1014 Mental health counselors ............................................... Master’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8

21-1011 Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors .. Master’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8

21-1021 Child, family, and school social workers ........................ Bachelor’s degree C 7.8 18.4 73.8

21-1013 Marriage and family therapists2 ..................................... Master’s degree C 9.0 16.3 74.6

25-4010 Archivists, curators, and museum technicians ............... Master’s degree C 3.5 8.9 87.6

25-9011 Audio-visual collections specialists4 .............................. Moderate-term on-the-job training C 8.2 7.1 84.6

21-2011 Clergy ............................................................................. First professional degree C 8.2 13.9 77.8

19-3091 Anthropologists and archeologists4 ............................... Master’s degree C 6.5 11.5 81.9

27-3041 Editors ............................................................................ Bachelor’s degree C 5.6 13.1 81.3

25-9021 Farm and home management advisors4 ....................... Bachelor’s degree C 8.2 7.1 84.6

27-3020 News analysts, reporters and correspondents ............... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C 6.6 6.5 86.9

See footnotes at end of table.
31

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

19-3011 Economists2 $68,550 VH 16 18 2 13.4

19-3041 Sociologists7 53,160 VH 3 3 0 13.4

29-9010 Occupational health and safety specialists and

technicians4 46,010 VH 41 47 5 13.2

 52,890 VH 84 95 11 12.7 19-2031 Chemists

 67,470 VH 28 31 3 11.5 19-2042 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers

11-9121 Natural sciences managers2 82,250 VH 45 51 5 11.3

 43,210 VH 3 4 0 10.9 17-1099 All other architects, surveyors, and cartographers

 49,880 VH 32 36 3 10.7 19-3051 Urban and regional planners

17-2021 Agricultural engineers7 50,700 VH 3 3 0 10.3

 43,090 VH 167 184 17 10.1 25-4021 Librarians

 53,940 VH 68 74 7 9.7 19-3098 All other social scientists and related workers

 70,540 VH 243 267 24 9.7 17-2199 All other engineers

 69,930 VH 136 149 13 9.4 17-2072 Electronics engineers, except computer

 90,930 VH 212 231 20 9.2 11-9041 Engineering managers

 44,340 VH 105 115 10 9.0 25-2032 Vocational education teachers, secondary school

 42,590 VH 18 19 2 9.0 25-2023 Vocational education teachers, middle school

25-2022 Middle school teachers, except special and

 41,820 VH 585 637 52 9.0 vocational education

 94,070 VH 27 29 2 8.7 23-1023 Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates

19-2032 Materials scientists2 64,590 VH 7 8 1 8.6

 60,070 VH 228 246 18 8.0 17-2051 Civil engineers

 47,740 VH 15 16 1 7.7 19-1023 Zoologists and wildlife biologists

 85,020 VH 13 14 1 6.9 19-2012 Physicists

19-3093 Historians4 42,030 VH 2 2 0 6.6

 67,890 VH 37 39 2 6.5 19-2099 All other physical scientists

19-3094 Political scientists4 80,560 VH 6 6 0 5.9

23-1021 Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing

 64,540 VH 19 20 1 5.8 officers

19-2011 Astronomers4 81,690 VH 1 1 0 4.9

 62,880 VH 215 225 10 4.8 17-2141 Mechanical engineers

 57,080 VH 20 21 1 4.8 15-2041 Statisticians

 123,210 VH 153 159 6 4.1 29-1020 Dentists

 62,590 VH 24 25 1 4.1 17-2131 Materials engineers

 68,180 VH 156 160 4 2.5 17-2071 Electrical engineers

 72,490 VH 33 33 0 .4 17-2041 Chemical engineers

17-2161 Nuclear engineers2 81,350 VH 16 16 0 -.1

17-2151 Mining and geological engineers, including mining

safety engineers7 61,770 VH 5 5 0 -2.7

17-2121 Marine engineers and naval architects7 66,650 VH 5 5 0 -5.0

 72,750 VH 78 74 -4 -5.2 17-2011 Aerospace engineers

 83,370 VH 14 12 -1 -9.8 17-2171 Petroleum engineers

 32,850 H 95 128 33 34.5 21-1023 Mental health and substance abuse social workers

 41,710 H 158 210 52 32.9 27-3031 Public relations specialists

11-9031 Education administrators, preschool and child care

 33,340 H 58 77 19 32.0 center/program

29-9091 Athletic trainers4 33,820 H 14 19 4 29.9

 37,380 H 107 138 31 28.6 21-1022 Medical and public health social workers

 31,150 H 248 318 70 28.3 21-9099 All other counselors, social, and religious workers

 29,940 H 85 107 23 26.6 21-1014 Mental health counselors

 30,180 H 67 83 16 23.2 21-1011 Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors

 33,150 H 274 338 64 23.2 21-1021 Child, family, and school social workers

21-1013 Marriage and family therapists2 35,580 H 23 29 5 22.4

 35,270 H 22 26 4 17.0 25-4010 Archivists, curators, and museum technicians

25-9011 Audio-visual collections specialists4 32,360 H 10 11 2 16.3

 33,110 H 400 463 62 15.5 21-2011 Clergy

19-3091 Anthropologists and archeologists4 38,620 H 5 5 1 12.8

 41,170 H 130 145 15 11.8 27-3041 Editors

25-9021 Farm and home management advisors4 39,430 H 16 17 1 6.9

 30,510 H 66 70 4 6.2 27-3020 News analysts, reporters and correspondents

See footnotes at end of table.
32

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training8

Educational

attainment

cluster10

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44,

by educational attainment

High

school or

less

Some

college

College or

higher

17-1022 Surveyors ....................................................................... Bachelor’s degree C 11.3 14.1 74.6

21-1015 Rehabilitation counselors ............................................... Master’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8

19-3022 Survey researchers2 ...................................................... Master’s degree C 7.5 14.8 77.6

25-9199 All other library, museum, training, and other

education workers ............................................... Bachelor’s degree C 8.2 7.1 84.6

11-1031 Legislators ...................................................................... Bachelor’s plus experience9 C .7 1.5 97.8
33

Table I–1. Educational attainment cluster, most significant source of postsecondary education or training, and educational

attainment distribution, by occupation1—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

2002 median annual earnings Employment

Employment change,

2002–12

Dollars Rank11 2002 2012 Numeric Percent

$39,970 H 56 58 2 4.2 17-1022 Surveyors

 25,840 L 122 164 41 33.8 21-1015 Rehabilitation counselors

19-3022 Survey researchers2 22,200 L 20 27 7 33.6

25-9199 All other library, museum, training, and other

 27,280 L 93 116 23 24.6 education workers

 15,220 VL 67 68 1 1.1 11-1031 Legislators

1 For a methodological note, see page 34. 2 Employment of the 25-44 age group was less than 10,000; employment

for the 25-and-older age group was used instead. 3 Employment of the 25-and-older age group was less than 10,000;

employment for the 16-and-older age group was used instead.

4 Employment was less than 10,000; employment for the 25-and-older

age group was used instead.

5 CPS-based employment of the 25-44 age group was less than 10,000;

employment for the 25-and-older age group was used instead.

6 CPS-based employment of the 25-and-older age group was less than

10,000; employment for the 16-and-older age group was used instead.

7 CPS-based employment was less than 10,000; CPS-based summary

employment was used instead.

8 An occupation is placed into one of 11 categories that best describes

the education or training needed by most workers to become fully qualified in

the occupation. 9 Bachelor’s or higher degree, plus work experience. 10 The job types are presented in the following categories: HS = high

school occupations, HS/SC = high school/some college occupations, SC =

some college occupations, HS/SC/C = high school/some college/college

occupations, SC/C = some college/college occupations, and C = college

occupations.

11 The quartile rankings of Occupational Employment Statistics Survey

annual earnings data are presented in the following categories: VH = very

high ($41,820 or more), H = high ($27,500 to $41,780), L = low ($19,710 to

$27,380), and VL = very low (up to $19,600). The rankings were based on

quartiles using one-fourth of total employment to define each quartile.

Earnings are for wage and salary workers.

The educational attainment distribution of occupations: A note on methodology

To estimate the educational attainment distribution for each occupation,

monthly data from the CPS are combined over the 2000–02 period. Combining 36 months of data results in more than 1 million individual data

records of employed individuals aged 25 to 44 years that generated large

enough sample sizes for most occupations to produce reliable estimates of

the percentage of employees with a high school degree or less, with some

college, and with a bachelor’s degree or higher. The CPS provides employment information on 502 detailed occupations based on the 2000

Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. The CPS converted to

the SOC in January 2003, but a research database with SOC-based occupational codes for the 2000–02 period was made available for this project.

The sample weights for each month were divided by 36 so as to represent

an average level of total employment for each occupation over the 3-year

period from 2000–02.

Because the CPS uses SOC-based coding to generate estimates for

502 occupations, and because occupational projections are generated for a

total of 725 occupations, the CPS-based occupations do not always have a

one-to-one correspondence to the occupations used in BLS projections.

The greater level of detail in the projections data results from the use of

occupational information from the Occupational Employment Statistics

(OES) survey, which provides detailed occupational employment information for 1.2 million establishments. However, the lack of educational

attainment information in the OES makes the use of the CPS necessary for

providing proxy estimates of educational attainment levels for each of the

725 projected occupations.

Research conducted for this project identified 370 OES-based

occupations that have a one-to-one correspondence with CPS-based

occupations used in the projections. Another 343 OES-based occupations

are part of a larger aggregated CPS-based occupation. For example, the

CPS occupation “marketing and sales managers” represents an aggregation

of two OES-based occupations: “marketing managers” and “sales

managers.” In this case, OES data from 2002 was used to determine the

prorated employment share of marketing managers out of the total OES

employment for marketing managers and sales managers combined. The

number of marketing managers with some college was determined by

multiplying the total number of CPS-based marketing and sales managers

by the computed share. The procedure for determining the employment

levels by educational attainment for sales managers was applied in a

similar fashion.

Another 12 OES-based occupations represent aggregations of two or

more CPS-based occupations. (The maximum number of CPS occupations

rolled up within an OES occupation was four.) For each of these OESbased occupations, the employment level by education was obtained by

summing the educational attainment level of each the underlying CPSbased occupations.

A weighted employment of 10,000 was used as the minimum acceptable cutoff for estimating the percentages of employees falling into

the three educational attainment categories. For 526 occupations, the

weighted employment of 25-to 44-year-olds exceeded 10,000 and could

be used to estimate the educational attainment distribution of these occupations. For the 199 occupations with employment below 10,000, a series

of alternative data sets were used. The first alternative was to use data for

the 25-years-and-older age group if employment in that group exceeded

10,000. If that test failed, the second alternative was to use data for the

16-years-and-older age group if employment in that group exceeded

10,000. These two tests resulted in estimates for 145 occupations. The

third alternative was to use data for the larger, aggregated CPS-based (or

CPS source) occupation if its employment exceeded 10,000 for the 25- to

44-year-old age group. Alternative four consisted of using the data if the

CPS source occupation employment for the 25-years-and older age group

in exceeded 10,000. The fifth alternative was to use the data if the CPS

source occupation employment for the 16-years-and-older age group

exceeded 10,000. If this latter group also had a weighted employment

total less than 10,000, the educational distributions of occupations at the

next higher level of aggregation in the Standard Occupational Classification system were used as proxies. In all, 54 occupations required the use

of such proxies. The allocations underlying all of these estimates are

available upon request.
4

such as so-called people skills that can result in substantial 

diversity in the educational attainment of those hired into 

the occupation. 

How many jobs are projected to be filled by high 

school graduates (or those with less education), 

those with some college, and those with a 

bachelor’s degree or higher?

Estimating the number of jobs that will be filled by those 

with different levels of educational attainment over the 

projection period is a difficult task that must be viewed 

with appropriate caution. The choice of methodology accompanying such estimates must be transparent to the user 

and allow analysts the freedom to test the sensitivity of the 

results to alternative specifications. 

The method utilized here is to use the various education clusters to define the proportion of jobs within each 

cluster that require a high school diploma or less, some 

college, or a bachelor’s degree or higher. For example, for 

college occupations (those with 60 percent or more of 25- 

to 44-year-olds having a bachelor’s degree or higher), it is 

assumed that all jobs in the occupation require a college 

degree. The assignments of jobs for high school occupations and occupations requiring some college are similarly 

defined. 

For a mixture occupation, such as one requiring some 

college or a college degree, it is assumed that all jobs in the 

cluster either require some college or a bachelor’s degree 

or higher. To calculate the number of “some college” jobs 

in the occupation, one computes the ratio of the number of 

employees aged 25 to 44 years in that occupation who have 

some college to the number of employees aged 25 to 44 

who have some college or a bachelor’s degree or higher. 

The number of “some college” jobs in the occupation is the 

value of this ratio, multiplied by the employment level of 

the occupation. The employment level used depends on the 

period of interest. In the analysis that follows, the technique is applied to national employment matrix data for 

2002, as well as projected data for the 2002–12 period. A 

similar procedure was adopted to identify the number of 

jobs requiring a bachelor’s degree or higher. This procedure was then applied to the other mixture occupations. 

How reasonable is this method for assigning occupational employment levels to the number of jobs requiring at 

most a high school diploma, some college, or a bachelor’s 

degree or higher? One important standard of comparison is 

to compare the educational attainment distribution of jobs 

implied by these assignments with the actual distribution 

based on CPS data. The two distributions are not expected 

to be identical, but the differences that emerge provide a 

measure of the degree to which the actual heterogeneity of 

educational attainment within each occupation is not being 

captured by the method. 

Table I-2 presents the results of a comparison between 

the actual educational attainment of individuals with the 

implied educational attainment distribution using the education clusters and the assignment method previously described. The comparison uses CPS data for 2000–02 and is 

restricted to occupations with a weighted employment 

count of at least 10,000. As the table indicates, the educational attainment distribution based on this assignment 

method comes very close to the educational distribution of 

employment based on CPS data. Compared with the actual 

educational attainment distribution of employment, the 

percentage of individuals with a high school education or 

less calculated with the cluster-based method is slightly 

higher, while the percentage of those with a bachelor’s 

degree or higher is slightly less. 

Table I–2. Distribution of educational attainment in 

2002 based on: 

Actual CPS distribution of employment 

Education level Ages 

16 

and 

older 

Ages 

25 

and 

older 

Ages 

25-44 

Education 

clusters 

High school 

graduate or less 43.2 40.8 40.4 46.3 

Some college 28.6 27.7 28.4 27.8 

Bachelor’s degree 

or higher 28.2 31.5 31.1 25.8 

What, then, does this assignment method imply about 

the projections of employment over the 2002–12 period? 

Table I-3 answers this question: using the education clusters to assign the projected change in employment for each 

of the 725 detailed occupations to the three educational 

attainment categories, the table shows that 39 percent of 

jobs are projected to be filled by those with a high school 

degree or less, 27 percent by those with some college, and 

34 percent by those with a bachelor’s degree or higher. 

Table I–3. Distribution of educational attainment of 

projected employment change over the 2002–12 

period, based on education clusters 

Education level Level Percent 

High school graduate or less 8,328 39.1 

Some college 5,764 27.1 

Bachelor’s degree or higher 7,212 33.9 

Total 21,305 100.0 

Overall, these estimates suggest that more than 60 percent of the projected increase in net employment will be 

filled by individuals with at least some college as their 

highest level of educational attainment.5

 Indeed, this figure 

is most likely an underestimate, because the assignment 

 

5

 This estimate is not an estimate of the percentage of jobs that will “require” at least some college. The concept that a job requires a specific 

level of educational attainment is related to the employers’ demands for 

workers of various training and educational backgrounds. BLS projections 

of employment reflect equilibrium in the labor market—that is, the interplay between employer requirements for hiring workers and the skills and 

backgrounds of potential employees. Depending on labor market conditions, employer hiring requirements may change over time—a fact that is 

consistent with the substantial number of mixture occupations identified in 

the education cluster analysis. More importantly, the data used to estimate employment change reflect only the outcomes of those hiring decisions and provide no information on the job requirements of posted vacancies. 

34 
5

method described assumes no educational upgrading over 

the projection period. 

In contrast to the foregoing results, using the 11 education/training categories set forth earlier results in a very 

different education profile for projected employment 

change. Assigning all of the employment in occupations 

falling into categories 1–7 to some college or more (including a bachelor’s degree and higher) results in only 42 percent of projected employment falling into this education

classification (results not shown in table). 

What will be the high-demand occupations over 

the 2002–12 projection period? 

Obviously, the answer to this question depends critically on 

the definition of a high-demand occupation. One common 

approach is to identify a high-demand occupation with 

those occupations projected to grow the fastest over the 

projection period. Another is to sort occupations on the 

basis of their projected net increase in employment. Yet 

another is to limit the analysis to the fastest-growing occupations that are each projected to have numerical increases 

above some predetermined threshold. The latter approach 

is often used to exclude occupations with very small employment levels in the base year that show a large percentage increase, but contribute only a small number of jobs. 

This section adopts a decidedly different approach by 

combining an employment growth criterion with a wage 

threshold criterion, the latter reflecting the relative (dollar) 

values the labor market places on workers in alternative 

occupations. Specifically, high-demand occupations are 

defined as occupations that are expected to grow faster than 

average over the 2002–12 projection period and that had 

median earnings in the top half of the 2002 distribution of 

earnings in the OES survey conducted that year. These 

occupations are sorted by the education clusters defined 

earlier. Certainly, there are numerous alternative criteria 

that can be used to define high-demand occupations, both 

in terms of changing the wage and employment growth 

cutoffs used or by including additional or alternative 

characteristics of occupations. The data provided in this 

issue of the OPTD gives analysts the ability to sort 

occupations on the basis of a number of alternative 

specifications. 

Table I-4 offers a perspective on the relative contribution of each high-demand occupation to the total increase 

in net employment over the projection period. Consider, 

for example, employment in the last occupation listed in 

the table: mental health counselors. According to the second column, this occupation belongs to the education cluster containing college occupations. In 2002, mental health 

counselors had a total employment level of 85,000 (column 

3) and median annual earnings of $29,940 (column 4). 

Adding up the total employment in 2002 of all of the occupations in the table up to and including mental health counselors, these occupations accounted for a cumulative 28.9 

percent of the total employment in that year (column 5). 

Employment of mental health counselors is projected 

to have a net employment increase of 23,000 (column 6) 

over the projections period, representing a 26.6-percent 

change over the period (column 7). Adding up the projected employment increase of all occupations in the table 

up to and including mental health counselors, these highdemand, high-wage occupations are projected to account 

for a cumulative 46.3 percent of the total projected employment increase over the 2002–12 period (column 8). 

Table I-4 lists a total of 206 occupations, of which 9 

are high school occupations, 40 are “high school/some college occupations,” 1 is a pure “some college” occupation, 

27 are “high school/some college/college” occupations, 63 

are “some college/college” occupations, and 66 are college 

occupations. The high school occupations listed include 

several construction-related occupations. The “high 

school/some college” occupations include a large number 

of fields requiring the acquisition of technical knowledge 

related to repair, installation, and the operation of various 

types of equipment. The “high school/some college/college” occupations reflect a more diverse mix of 

skill requirements and include a large number of serviceproviding fields, especially sales related. Also listed in the 

table are a number of management-related occupations, as 

well as fields requiring highly technical levels of skills. 

The “some college/college” occupations include a significant number of health- and computer-related fields. Finally, the college occupations naturally reflect a broad mix 

of professional occupations that generally require at least a 

bachelor’s degree or higher. 

Conclusion 

This chapter of Occupational Projections and Training 

Data introduces a new analytical product that describes the 

educational attainment distribution of 25- to 44-year-olds 

in each of the 725 occupations for which BLS has projected 

employment for the 2002–12 period. These data provide 

important information that complements the most significant single source of postsecondary education or training 

assigned by BLS analysts to each occupation. 

Educational clusters of occupations are developed using these new data on educational attainment. These educational clusters are used to estimate the projected number 

of jobs that will be filled by those with high school or less, 

some college, and those with a bachelor’s degree or 

higher. And finally, occupations that were high wage in 

2002 and are projected to have faster than average employment growth between 2002 and 2012 are identified and 

sorted by these educational clusters. 

 

35 
36

Table I–4. Cumulative proportion of total 2002 employment and 2002–12 projected employment change accounted for by

high-wage, high-growth occupations

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Educational

attainment

cluster1

2002

employment

2002

median

annual

earnings

Cumulative

percentage of

total 2002

employment

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Employment

change, 2002–12

Cumulative

percentage of

total projected

employment

change,

2002–12

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Numeric Percent

47-2082 Tapers ......................................................................... HS 41 $39,000 0.0 8 20.8 0.0

47-2171 Reinforcing iron and rebar workers ............................. HS 29 36,740 .0 5 16.7 .1

47-2044 Tile and marble setters ............................................... HS 33 35,770 .1 9 26.5 .1

47-2081 Drywall and ceiling tile installers ................................. HS 135 33,710 .2 29 21.4 .2

47-2041 Carpet installers .......................................................... HS 82 32,590 .2 14 16.8 .3

47-4041 Hazardous materials removal workers ........................ HS 38 32,460 .2 16 43.1 .4

47-2051 Cement masons and concrete finishers ...................... HS 182 30,660 .4 47 26.1 .6

47-2181 Roofers ....................................................................... HS 166 30,180 .5 31 18.6 .7

47-2053 Terrazzo workers and finishers ................................... HS 6 27,910 .5 1 15.2 .8

47-4021 Elevator installers and repairers ................................. HS/SC 21 54,070 .5 4 17.1 .8

49-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,

installers, and repairers .................................... HS/SC 444 47,580 .8 68 15.4 1.1

47-2111 Electricians .................................................................. HS/SC 659 41,390 1.3 154 23.4 1.8

47-2221 Structural iron and steel workers ................................ HS/SC 78 40,660 1.3 12 15.9 1.9

47-2152 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ........................ HS/SC 492 40,170 1.7 92 18.7 2.3

49-9052 Telecommunications line installers and repairers ....... HS/SC 167 39,640 1.8 31 18.8 2.5

53-1011 Aircraft cargo handling supervisors ............................. HS/SC 9 37,220 1.8 1 15.6 2.5

17-3025 Environmental engineering technicians ...................... HS/SC 19 36,850 1.8 5 28.4 2.5

33-2011 Fire fighters ................................................................. HS/SC 282 36,230 2.0 58 20.7 2.8

49-3099 All other vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics,

installers, and repairers .................................... HS/SC 36 35,840 2.0 6 15.4 2.8

49-2099 All other electrical and electronic equipment

mechanics, installers, and repairers ................. HS/SC 22 35,160 2.0 4 19.6 2.8

43-6012 Legal secretaries ......................................................... HS/SC 264 35,020 2.2 50 18.8 3.0

49-9021 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics

and installers .................................................... HS/SC 249 34,900 2.4 79 31.8 3.4

47-2211 Sheet metal workers ................................................... HS/SC 205 34,560 2.5 41 19.8 3.6

29-2054 Respiratory therapy technicians .................................. HS/SC 26 34,130 2.6 9 34.2 3.6

51-9122 Painters, transportation equipment ............................. HS/SC 50 33,550 2.6 9 17.5 3.7

51-8031 Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system

operators .......................................................... HS/SC 99 33,390 2.7 16 16.0 3.8

53-3032 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer ....................... HS/SC 1,767 33,210 3.9 337 19.0 5.3

37-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn

service, and groundskeeping workers .............. HS/SC 150 33,050 4.0 32 21.6 5.5

33-3012 Correctional officers and jailers ................................... HS/SC 427 32,670 4.3 103 24.2 6.0

49-2098 Security and fire alarm systems installers ................... HS/SC 46 32,370 4.3 14 30.2 6.0

43-9031 Desktop publishers ..................................................... HS/SC 35 31,620 4.3 10 29.2 6.1

47-2121 Glaziers ....................................................................... HS/SC 49 31,620 4.4 8 17.2 6.1

29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ..... HS/SC 702 31,440 4.9 142 20.2 6.8

43-5011 Cargo and freight agents ............................................ HS/SC 59 31,410 4.9 9 15.5 6.8

29-2055 Surgical technologists ................................................. HS/SC 72 31,210 5.0 20 27.9 6.9

51-4192 Lay-out workers, metal and plastic ............................. HS/SC 13 30,760 5.0 2 15.6 6.9

53-3021 Bus drivers, transit and intercity .................................. HS/SC 202 29,580 5.1 31 15.2 7.1

27-2032 Choreographers .......................................................... HS/SC 17 29,470 5.1 3 15.8 7.1

49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general ................... HS/SC 1,266 29,370 6.0 207 16.3 8.1

17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians ........................... HS/SC 60 29,230 6.0 14 23.2 8.1

49-9011 Mechanical door repairers .......................................... HS/SC 11 29,190 6.0 2 21.8 8.1

51-4121 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers .................... HS/SC 391 29,160 6.3 66 17.0 8.5

49-3051 Motorboat mechanics .................................................. HS/SC 22 29,050 6.3 4 18.3 8.5

47-2130 Insulation workers ....................................................... HS/SC 53 28,930 6.4 8 15.8 8.5

49-9094 Locksmiths and safe repairers .................................... HS/SC 23 28,430 6.4 5 21.0 8.5

37-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and

janitorial workers .............................................. HS/SC 230 28,140 6.5 37 16.2 8.7

47-4071 Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners ........... HS/SC 18 27,940 6.6 4 21.2 8.7

35-1011 Chefs and head cooks ................................................ HS/SC 132 27,940 6.7 21 15.8 8.8

51-9082 Medical appliance technicians .................................... HS/SC 14 27,680 6.7 2 16.1 8.8

11-1021 General and operations managers ............................. HS/SC/C 2,049 68,210 8.1 376 18.4 10.6

See footnotes at end of table.
37

Table I–4. Cumulative proportion of total 2002 employment and 2002–12 projected employment change accounted for by

high-wage, high-growth occupations—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Educational

attainment

cluster1

2002

employment

2002

median

annual

earnings

Cumulative

percentage of

total 2002

employment

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Employment

change, 2002–12

Cumulative

percentage of

total projected

employment

change,

2002–12

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Numeric Percent

11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ... HS/SC/C 111 $59,660 8.2 22 19.7 10.7

41-4011 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,

technical and scientific products ...................... HS/SC/C 398 55,740 8.4 77 19.3 11.1

11-3011 Administrative services managers .............................. HS/SC/C 321 52,500 8.7 63 19.8 11.4

13-1051 Cost estimators ........................................................... HS/SC/C 188 47,550 8.8 35 18.6 11.5

29-2091 Orthotists and prosthetists .......................................... HS/SC/C 5 46,260 8.8 1 18.9 11.5

33-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of correctional

officers .............................................................. HS/SC/C 33 44,940 8.8 6 19.0 11.6

13-2099 All other financial specialists ....................................... HS/SC/C 162 44,140 8.9 28 17.6 11.7

33-3052 Transit and railroad police ........................................... HS/SC/C 6 43,710 8.9 1 15.9 11.7

39-6031 Flight attendants ......................................................... HS/SC/C 104 43,140 9.0 17 16.0 11.8

41-4012 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,

except technical and scientific products ........... HS/SC/C 1,459 42,730 10.0 279 19.2 13.1

29-1031 Dietitians and nutritionists ........................................... HS/SC/C 49 41,170 10.1 9 17.8 13.1

19-4092 Forensic science technicians ...................................... HS/SC/C 8 41,040 10.1 2 18.9 13.1

25-2012 Kindergarten teachers, except special education ....... HS/SC/C 168 39,810 10.2 46 27.2 13.4

39-1011 Gaming supervisors .................................................... HS/SC/C 39 39,290 10.2 6 15.7 13.4

27-4014 Sound engineering technicians ................................... HS/SC/C 13 36,970 10.2 3 25.5 13.4

27-2042 Musicians and singers ................................................ HS/SC/C 161 36,290 10.3 27 17.1 13.5

19-4091 Environmental science and protection technicians,

including health ................................................ HS/SC/C 28 35,320 10.3 10 36.8 13.6

41-9098 All other sales and related workers ............................. HS/SC/C 577 35,170 10.7 140 24.3 14.2

33-1099 All other first-line supervisors/managers, protective

service workers ................................................ HS/SC/C 56 34,320 10.8 13 23.9 14.3

19-4098 All other life, physical, and social science

technicians ....................................................... HS/SC/C 137 34,030 10.9 24 17.5 14.4

27-2099 All other entertainers and performers, sports and

related workers ................................................. HS/SC/C 56 33,740 10.9 9 16.4 14.5

49-2011 Computer, automated teller, and office machine

repairers ........................................................... HS/SC/C 156 33,250 11.0 24 15.0 14.6

19-4021 Biological technicians .................................................. HS/SC/C 48 32,710 11.1 9 19.4 14.6

29-9199 All other health practitioners and technical workers .... HS/SC/C 190 31,690 11.2 52 27.2 14.8

27-4011 Audio and video equipment technicians ..................... HS/SC/C 42 31,110 11.2 11 26.8 14.9

43-4161 Human resources assistants, except payroll and

timekeeping ...................................................... HS/SC/C 174 30,410 11.3 33 19.2 15.1

31-2011 Occupational therapist assistants ............................... SC 18 36,660 11.4 7 39.2 15.1

11-1011 Chief executives .......................................................... SC/C 553 126,260 11.7 93 16.8 15.5

11-3021 Computer and information systems managers ........... SC/C 284 85,240 11.9 103 36.1 16.0

11-2021 Marketing managers ................................................... SC/C 203 78,250 12.1 43 21.4 16.2

15-1011 Computer and information scientists, research ........... SC/C 23 77,760 12.1 7 30.0 16.2

11-2022 Sales managers .......................................................... SC/C 343 75,040 12.3 105 30.5 16.7

11-3031 Financial managers ..................................................... SC/C 599 73,340 12.7 109 18.3 17.2

11-3040 Human resources managers ....................................... SC/C 202 64,710 12.9 39 19.4 17.4

29-1071 Physician assistants .................................................... SC/C 63 64,670 12.9 31 48.8 17.6

15-1051 Computer systems analysts ........................................ SC/C 468 62,890 13.3 184 39.4 18.4

11-9111 Medical and health services managers ....................... SC/C 244 61,370 13.4 71 29.3 18.8

33-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of police and

detectives ......................................................... SC/C 114 61,010 13.5 17 15.2 18.9

15-1081 Network systems and data communications

analysts ............................................................ SC/C 186 58,420 13.6 106 57.0 19.4

11-2011 Advertising and promotions managers ....................... SC/C 85 57,130 13.7 21 25.0 19.5

15-1061 Database administrators ............................................. SC/C 110 55,480 13.8 49 44.2 19.7

33-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and

prevention workers ........................................... SC/C 63 55,450 13.8 12 18.7 19.7

29-2021 Dental hygienists ......................................................... SC/C 148 55,320 13.9 64 43.1 20.0

15-1071 Network and computer systems administrators .......... SC/C 251 54,810 14.1 94 37.4 20.5

See footnotes at end of table.
38

Table I–4. Cumulative proportion of total 2002 employment and 2002–12 projected employment change accounted for by

high-wage, high-growth occupations—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Educational

attainment

cluster1

2002

employment

2002

median

annual

earnings

Cumulative

percentage of

total 2002

employment

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Employment

change, 2002–12

Cumulative

percentage of

total projected

employment

change,

2002–12

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Numeric Percent

15-1099 All other computer specialists ..................................... SC/C 192 $54,070 14.2 70 36.5 20.8

33-3021 Detectives and criminal investigators .......................... SC/C 94 51,410 14.3 21 22.4 20.9

13-1198 All other business operations specialists .................... SC/C 1,056 50,680 15.0 290 27.5 22.3

29-1124 Radiation therapists .................................................... SC/C 14 50,640 15.0 4 31.6 22.3

27-3042 Technical writers ......................................................... SC/C 50 50,580 15.1 13 27.1 22.4

29-2033 Nuclear medicine technologists .................................. SC/C 17 48,750 15.1 4 23.6 22.4

29-2032 Diagnostic medical sonographers ............................... SC/C 37 48,660 15.1 9 24.0 22.4

29-1111 Registered nurses ....................................................... SC/C 2,284 48,090 16.7 623 27.3 25.3

27-2012 Producers and directors .............................................. SC/C 76 46,240 16.7 14 18.2 25.4

27-2021 Athletes and sports competitors .................................. SC/C 15 45,320 16.7 3 19.2 25.4

13-1072 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis

specialists ......................................................... SC/C 91 45,100 16.8 25 28.0 25.5

13-2072 Loan officers ............................................................... SC/C 223 43,980 17.0 42 18.8 25.7

27-1014 Multi-media artists and animators ............................... SC/C 75 43,980 17.0 12 15.8 25.8

13-1061 Emergency management specialists .......................... SC/C 11 43,560 17.0 3 28.2 25.8

29-2011 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists .............. SC/C 150 42,910 17.1 29 19.3 25.9

13-2041 Credit analysts ............................................................ SC/C 66 42,910 17.2 12 18.7 26.0

13-1073 Training and development specialists ......................... SC/C 209 42,800 17.3 58 27.9 26.3

33-3051 Police and sheriff’s patrol officers ............................... SC/C 619 42,270 17.8 153 24.7 27.0

13-2021 Appraisers and assessors of real estate ..................... SC/C 88 41,760 17.8 16 17.6 27.1

29-1126 Respiratory therapists ................................................. SC/C 86 40,220 17.9 30 34.8 27.2

13-1071 Employment, recruitment, and placement

specialists ......................................................... SC/C 175 39,410 18.0 48 27.3 27.4

27-1025 Interior designers ........................................................ SC/C 60 39,180 18.0 13 21.7 27.5

15-1041 Computer support specialists ...................................... SC/C 507 39,100 18.4 153 30.3 28.2

29-2034 Radiologic technologists and technicians ................... SC/C 174 38,970 18.5 40 23.0 28.4

27-3099 All other media and communication workers .............. SC/C 58 38,680 18.5 10 17.2 28.4

27-4032 Film and video editors ................................................. SC/C 19 38,270 18.6 5 26.4 28.5

23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants .................................. SC/C 200 37,950 18.7 57 28.7 28.7

13-1121 Meeting and convention planners ............................... SC/C 37 37,420 18.7 8 21.3 28.8

27-1024 Graphic designers ....................................................... SC/C 212 36,680 18.9 46 21.9 29.0

29-2031 Cardiovascular technologists and technicians ............ SC/C 43 36,430 18.9 15 33.5 29.1

25-3011 Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers

and instructors .................................................. SC/C 80 36,400 19.0 16 20.4 29.1

21-1091 Health educators ......................................................... SC/C 45 36,240 19.0 10 21.9 29.2

31-2021 Physical therapist assistants ....................................... SC/C 50 36,080 19.0 22 44.6 29.3

53-2022 Airfield operations specialists ...................................... SC/C 6 36,010 19.0 1 17.2 29.3

27-1013 Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and

illustrators ......................................................... SC/C 23 35,260 19.0 4 16.5 29.3

27-4099 All other media and communication equipment

workers ............................................................. SC/C 24 34,680 19.1 5 20.1 29.3

27-1027 Set and exhibit designers ............................................ SC/C 12 33,870 19.1 3 20.9 29.3

27-3091 Interpreters and translators ......................................... SC/C 24 32,590 19.1 5 22.0 29.4

13-2071 Loan counselors .......................................................... SC/C 31 32,010 19.1 6 17.8 29.4

25-3021 Self-enrichment education teachers ........................... SC/C 200 29,320 19.2 80 40.1 29.8

33-9021 Private detectives and investigators ........................... SC/C 48 29,300 19.3 12 25.3 29.8

25-3999 All other teachers, primary, secondary, and adult ....... SC/C 679 29,250 19.8 229 33.7 30.9

29-2012 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians ................. SC/C 147 29,040 19.9 29 19.4 31.0

31-9011 Massage therapists ..................................................... SC/C 92 28,610 19.9 25 27.0 31.1

21-2021 Directors, religious activities and education ................ SC/C 105 28,020 20.0 25 24.1 31.3

27-2022 Coaches and scouts ................................................... SC/C 130 27,880 20.1 24 18.3 31.4

29-1060 Physicians and surgeons ............................................ C 583 145,600 20.5 114 19.5 31.9

53-2011 Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers ................. C 79 109,580 20.5 15 18.5 32.0

29-1081 Podiatrists ................................................................... C 13 94,870 20.6 2 15.0 32.0

23-1011 Lawyers ....................................................................... C 695 90,290 21.0 118 17.0 32.5

29-1041 Optometrists ................................................................ C 32 86,090 21.1 5 17.1 32.6

See footnotes at end of table.
39

Table I–4. Cumulative proportion of total 2002 employment and 2002–12 projected employment change accounted for by

high-wage, high-growth occupations—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Educational

attainment

cluster1

2002

employment

2002

median

annual

earnings

Cumulative

percentage of

total 2002

employment

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Employment

change, 2002–12

Cumulative

percentage of

total projected

employment

change,

2002–12

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Numeric Percent

29-1051 Pharmacists ................................................................ C 230 $77,050 21.2 69 30.1 32.9

15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems software ....... C 281 74,040 21.4 128 45.5 33.5

11-9032 Education administrators, elementary and secondary

school ............................................................... C 217 71,490 21.6 45 20.7 33.7

15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications ................ C 394 70,900 21.8 179 45.5 34.5

15-2011 Actuaries ..................................................................... C 15 69,970 21.8 2 14.9 34.6

29-1011 Chiropractors .............................................................. C 49 65,330 21.9 11 23.3 34.6

11-9033 Education administrators, postsecondary ................... C 125 64,640 22.0 32 25.9 34.8

19-3032 Industrial-organizational psychologists ....................... C 2 63,710 22.0 0 16.0 34.8

41-9031 Sales engineers .......................................................... C 82 63,660 22.0 16 19.9 34.8

29-1131 Veterinarians ............................................................... C 58 63,090 22.1 14 25.1 34.9

17-2081 Environmental engineers ............................................ C 47 61,410 22.1 18 38.2 35.0

11-2031 Public relations managers ........................................... C 69 60,640 22.1 16 23.4 35.1

17-2031 Biomedical engineers .................................................. C 8 60,410 22.2 2 26.1 35.1

19-1021 Biochemists and biophysicists .................................... C 17 60,390 22.2 4 22.9 35.1

13-1111 Management analysts ................................................. C 577 60,340 22.6 176 30.4 35.9

19-2021 Atmospheric and space scientists ............................... C 8 60,200 22.6 1 16.2 35.9

11-9039 Education administrators, all other .............................. C 27 57,840 22.6 5 19.1 36.0

29-1123 Physical therapists ...................................................... C 137 57,330 22.7 48 35.3 36.2

13-2051 Financial analysts ....................................................... C 172 57,100 22.8 32 18.7 36.3

19-1042 Medical scientists, except epidemiologists ................. C 58 56,980 22.8 16 26.9 36.4

13-2052 Personal financial advisors ......................................... C 126 56,680 22.9 44 34.6 36.6

17-1011 Architects, except landscape and naval ...................... C 113 56,620 23.0 20 17.2 36.7

19-2043 Hydrologists ................................................................ C 8 56,530 23.0 2 21.0 36.7

13-1011 Agents and business managers of artists, performers,

and athletes ...................................................... C 15 55,730 23.0 4 27.8 36.7

19-1041 Epidemiologists ........................................................... C 4 53,840 23.0 1 32.5 36.7

19-3021 Market research analysts ............................................ C 134 53,810 23.1 31 23.4 36.9

19-3092 Geographers ............................................................... C 1 53,420 23.1 0 19.5 36.9

19-1029 Biological scientists, all other ...................................... C 27 53,300 23.1 6 22.3 36.9

29-1198 All other health diagnosing and treating

practitioners ...................................................... C 107 52,430 23.2 26 24.5 37.0

29-1122 Occupational therapists .............................................. C 82 51,990 23.3 29 35.2 37.2

19-3031 Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists ........... C 137 51,170 23.4 34 24.4 37.3

19-1022 Microbiologists ............................................................ C 16 51,020 23.4 3 20.0 37.3

29-1127 Speech-language pathologists .................................... C 94 49,450 23.4 26 27.2 37.5

25-1000 Postsecondary teachers ............................................. C 1,581 49,090 24.5 603 38.1 40.3

29-1121 Audiologists ................................................................. C 11 48,400 24.5 3 29.0 40.3

53-2012 Commercial pilots ....................................................... C 21 47,970 24.6 3 14.9 40.3

19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists, including

health ............................................................... C 65 47,600 24.6 15 23.7 40.4

17-1012 Landscape architects .................................................. C 23 47,400 24.6 5 22.2 40.4

25-9031 Instructional coordinators ............................................ C 98 47,350 24.7 25 25.4 40.5

13-2011 Accountants and auditors ........................................... C 1,055 47,000 25.4 205 19.5 41.5

19-1099 All other life scientists ................................................. C 26 46,140 25.4 5 18.3 41.5

21-1012 Educational, vocational, and school counselors ......... C 228 44,100 25.6 34 15.0 41.7

25-2031 Secondary school teachers, except special and

vocational education ........................................ C 988 43,950 26.3 180 18.2 42.5

25-2040 Special education teachers ......................................... C 433 43,450 26.6 130 30.0 43.1

11-9151 Social and community service managers ................... C 129 43,080 26.7 36 27.7 43.3

17-1021 Cartographers and photogrammetrists ....................... C 9 42,870 26.7 1 15.1 43.3

27-3043 Writers and authors ..................................................... C 139 42,790 26.8 22 16.1 43.4

25-2021 Elementary school teachers, except special

education .......................................................... C 1,467 41,780 27.8 223 15.2 44.5

27-3031 Public relations specialists .......................................... C 158 41,710 27.9 52 32.9 44.7

21-1022 Medical and public health social workers .................... C 107 37,380 28.0 31 28.6 44.8

See footnotes at end of table.
40

Table I–4. Cumulative proportion of total 2002 employment and 2002–12 projected employment change accounted for by

high-wage, high-growth occupations—Continued

(Employment in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Educational

attainment

cluster1

2002

employment

2002

median

annual

earnings

Cumulative

percentage of

total 2002

employment

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Employment

change, 2002–12

Cumulative

percentage of

total projected

employment

change,

2002–12

accounted for by

this and all

previous

occupations

listed in this table

Numeric Percent

21-1013 Marriage and family therapists .................................... C 23 $35,580 28.0 5 22.4 44.9

25-4010 Archivists, curators, and museum technicians ............ C 22 35,270 28.0 4 17.0 44.9

29-9091 Athletic trainers ........................................................... C 14 33,820 28.0 4 29.9 44.9

11-9031 Education administrators, preschool and child care

center/program ................................................. C 58 33,340 28.1 19 32.0 45.0

21-1021 Child, family, and school social workers ..................... C 274 33,150 28.3 64 23.2 45.3

21-2011 Clergy .......................................................................... C 400 33,110 28.5 62 15.5 45.6

21-1023 Mental health and substance abuse social workers ... C 95 32,850 28.6 33 34.5 45.7

25-9011 Audio-visual collections specialists ............................. C 10 32,360 28.6 2 16.3 45.7

21-9099 All other counselors, social, and religious workers ..... C 248 31,150 28.8 70 28.3 46.1

21-1011 Substance abuse and behavioral disorder

counselors ........................................................ C 67 30,180 28.8 16 23.2 46.1

21-1014 Mental health counselors ............................................ C 85 29,940 28.9 23 26.6 46.3

1 The job types are presented in the following categories: HS = high

school occupations, HS/SC = high school/some college occupations, SC =

some college occupations, HS/SC/C = high school/some college/college

occupations, SC/C = some college/college occupations, and C = college

occupations. For additional information on educational attainment cluster

methodology, see text of this chapter and Table I-1.
Educational upgrading of occupations: A sensitivity analysis

The choice of 25- to 44-year-olds as the basis for assigning educational attainment distributions to each occupation 

can affect the education cluster assigned to each occupation. If there has been an increase in the average level of educational attainment in the Nation over time, then one may expect that occupations will sort into higher education clusters as 

the age group that is used to define the clusters is limited to younger workers. For example, an occupation that is classified as “high school/some college” for the group of workers aged 25 years and older may end up classified as “some college/college” for workers aged 25 to 44 years. This section reports the sensitivity of the assignments of occupations to 

education clusters for three groups of workers: those aged 25 years and older, those aged 25-44, and those aged 25 to 34 

years. The educational attainment of those in CPS-coded occupations for the period 2000–02 is used for the analysis, with

occupations having a weighted employment of less than 10,000 excluded. 

The accompanying text table presents the results. There were 331 CPS-coded occupations with a weighted employment of 10,000 or greater for each of the three age groups. The text presents a side-by-side comparison of differences that 

emerged between the education cluster assignments for the 25-years-and-older age group with those for the 25- to 44-

year-old age group. The table is sorted first by the education cluster of occupations in the 25-years-and-older group and 

then by the education cluster of occupations in the 25- to 44-year-old group. A total of 20 occupations moved into an 

education cluster that represents a higher average level of overall educational attainment. By contrast, only four occupations moved into a lower education cluster. The table also presents similar results comparing the education cluster assignments for the 25-years-and-older age group with those for the 25- to 34-year-old age group. A total of 41 occupations 

moved into a higher education cluster. Comparing the two tables, one finds that a net 21 additional occupations out of a 

total of 331 moved into a higher education cluster as the age group was restricted from 25- to 44-year olds to 25- to 34-

year-olds. 

Number of occupations falling into education clusters for CPS-based occupations, 2000–02, by selected age groups

25-44 years of age 

25 and older 

High 

school 

High school/ 

some college 

Some 

college 

High school/ 

some college/ 

college 

Some 

college/ 

college College 

High school 44 5 0 0 0 0 

High school/some college 1 121 0 3 0 0 

Some college 0 0 0 0 0 0 

High school/some college/college 1 2 0 52 6 0 

Some college/college 0 0 0 0 44 6 

College 0 0 0 0 0 46 

25-34 years of age 

25 and older 

High 

school 

High school/ 

some college 

Some 

college 

High school/ 

some college/ 

college 

Some 

college/ 

college College 

High school 40 9 0 0 0 0 

High school/some college 1 119 5 0 0 0 

Some college 0 0 0 0 0 0 

High school/some college/college 0 1 0 42 18 0 

Some college/college 0 0 0 2 39 9 

College 0 0 0 0 0 46 

These differences point to the educational upgrading of a number of occupations over time as the age group under 

analysis is restricted from those 25 and older to those 25 to 44 years and then to those 25 to 34 years of age. The choice 

of using 25- to 44-year-olds as the basis for defining educational attainment distributions of occupations reflects the balance of concern over the educational upgrading phenomenon and over adequately capturing individuals in management 

occupations. Restricting the analysis to 25- to 34-year-olds would miss significant numbers of individuals entering this 

major occupational group. Using the combined 2000–02 CPS data indicates that 18.7 percent of managers were ages 25 to 

34 years, while 30.4 percent were in the 35- to 44-year age group. 

The conclusion that there has been a general upgrading of educational requirements in a number of occupations over 

time also is a conservative one in the sense that only those occupations which crossed either the 20-percent or the 60-

percent thresholds for high school or less, some college, or bachelor’s degree or higher are candidates for the list of occupations in the accompanying tables. Any educational upgrading that has occurred within education clusters is not identified. However, the purpose of this sensitivity analysis is to determine the efficacy of the choice of education clusters, not 

to measure the heterogeneity within each cluster. An analysis of this more general phenomenon awaits further research.

41
42

Chapter II. The 2002–12 National Employment 

Matrix Structure 

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has developed occupational projections biennially as part of its Occupational 

Outlook program for more than five decades. Although the 

data sources and projection techniques have changed, and 

computers now perform calculations previously done 

manually, the basic procedures remain the same. BLS occupational projections use three employment matrices as a 

tool for analyzing occupation utilization within industries 

and for projecting occupational employment. Because the 

matrices share the same configuration, an early step in each 

projection cycle is defining their occupation and industry 

employment structure. Occupations define matrix rows, 

while class of worker categories—self-employed; unpaid 

family; and wage and salary workers, by industry—define 

matrix columns. Once defined, the three matrices use the 

same structure.

A major goal in defining the matrix structure is to provide the broadest possible measures of employment. The 

availability of data for constructing the base-year matrix—

the 2002 national employment matrix—generally is the 

limiting factor. Data on employment of the self-employed, 

unpaid family workers, and wage and salary workers, by 

industry, come from a variety of sources and fill the cells of 

the base-year matrix. Employment measures jobs, not individuals, because individuals may be employed by more 

than one employer. 

2002 base-year employment matrix

Calculating employment for each cell in the base-year matrix—currently the year 2002—establishes the initial employment levels for occupational projections. 

Self-employed and unpaid family worker employment 

come from the Current Population Survey (CPS). 

Information on second jobs also is collected for one-quarter 

of the sample each month and is combined with primaryjob occupational employment estimates to provide a 

broader employment measure of the self-employed and 

unpaid family workers. Employment figures for these two 

categories of workers are available only at the total, allindustries level. 

For most industries, Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey data identify occupational distributions, 

and Current Employment Statistics (CES) data provide information on total industry employment.1

 Wage and salary 

 

1

 The OES surveys about 400,000 establishments each year, one-third of 

the sample, to collect occupational wage and salary employment and wage 

data. Surveying the entire sample takes 3 years. Detailed information 

about the 2002 OES survey is available at 

http://www.bls.gov/oes/2002/oes_tec.htm. CES wage and salary employment data come from a monthly sample of about 300,000 establishments. For more information, visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/home.htm. 

industry employment estimates, by occupation, are derived 

by multiplying the proportion of wage and salary occupational employment in the industry, calculated from OES survey data, by base-year total wage and salary industry employment, computed from CES data. 

Other sources provide information for industries not 

covered by the OES survey. The CPS furnishes wage and 

salary occupation data for agricultural production, forestry, 

fishing, hunting, and support activities for agriculture and 

forestry. Federal Government and U.S. Postal Service 

(USPS) occupational wage and salary employment data 

come from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management 

(OPM) and the USPS, respectively. 

Total base-year employment for an occupation is the 

sum of employment in a row across all columns—the combination of self-employed, unpaid family, and wage and 

salary workers. Occupational employment within industries, divided by total industry employment, yields the occupational distribution ratios used in preparing the projected-year employment matrix. 

Change-factor matrix

A second matrix, the change-factor matrix, uses the same 

structure as the base-year employment matrix to estimate 

changes in the utilization of wage and salary workers, by 

occupation, within industries. Systems analysts, for example, would be expected to become a greater proportion of 

each industry's employment as the number of applications 

for computer use continues to increase. The change factor 

multiplied by the base-year wage and salary occupational 

distribution ratio determines the occupational distribution 

ratio in the projected year. Occupational change factors are 

prepared only for wage and salary employment in detailed 

industries. 

2012 Projected-year employment matrix

Preparing the projected-year employment matrix is the last 

step in the projection process. For a given industry, projected-year industry wage and salary employment, multiplied by the projected-year occupational distribution ratio, 

yields projected-year wage and salary occupational employment for the industry.2

 Occupational employment for 

self-employed and unpaid family workers is projected 

separately with the use of time-series analytical techniques. 

Total projected-year occupational employment is the sum 

 

2 Industry sector employment projections prepared in the Division of Industry Employment Projections use a comprehensive modeling technique 

that estimates output as well as employment. More detailed industry employment projections produced using historical time series information are 

included in the matrix and are consistent with their parent industry sector. 
43

of employment in a row across all columns—the sum of the 

employment figures for self-employed, unpaid family, and 

wage and salary workers. 

Classification system changes

Since their inception over 30 years ago, national employment matrices have incorporated industry-by-occupation 

wage and salary employment information from two different data sources. Data from the Census Bureau’s Census of 

Population initially yielded industry-by-occupation employment patterns based on individuals’ responses coded to 

the Census Bureau’s industry and occupation classification 

systems. 

The OES survey-based industry-by-occupation employment data adopted for use with the 1980–90 projections constituted the second data source used in preparing 

the national employment matrix. OES survey data were 

preferred because the data were collected from establishments that were given occupational definitions for reporting employment and because the OES data were collected 

more frequently. 

The OES survey occupation structure, with some exceptions, classified occupations according to the principles 

of the newly created 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system and generally was consistent with the 

1970, the 1980, and even the 1990 Census of Population 

occupational classification systems. Large differences in 

employment for identical occupations occurred, however, 

because the OES survey obtained information from employers whereas the Census of Population relied on the responses of individuals. BLS used the 1980 SOC-based OES

structure, with only minor adjustments, through the 1998–

2008 occupational projections. 

Occupational projections for 2000–10 incorporated the 

2000 Standard Occupational Classification system.3

 This 

change prompted major differences in the definitions and 

the number of occupations for which projections could be 

developed. The differences in employment between the 

2000 SOC-structured OES survey data and earlier 1980 SOCsystem-based OES survey occupational data resulted in a 

break in the historical occupational employment time series. In this case, the differences resulted not from a 

change in a data source, but from the change in the classification system. 

The OES survey's industry classification system—first 

based on the 1977 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)

system and later adopting the 1987 SIC system—underwent 

relatively few changes. While the 2000–10 projections incorporated the new 2000 SOC system, the OES survey continued to use the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification 

system. 

 

3

 See “Chapter I. 2000–10 Occupational Projections Incorporate the 2000 

Standard Occupational Classification System,” Occupational Projections 

and Training Data, Bulletin 2542 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 

2002). 

 2002–12 Projections use the 2000 

SOC system and the 2002 NAICS 

Occupational projections for 2002–12 differ from those in 

the past in that they incorporate both the 2000 Standard 

Occupational Classification (SOC) system and the 2002 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

The 2000 SOC system, first used with the 2000–10 projections, replaced the 1980 SOC system. Converting to the 

2000 SOC system for the 2000–10 projections was necessitated by the OES survey’s switch to that system. Similarly, 

2002 OES survey data that are the first to incorporate the 

2000 SOC system and the 2002 NAICS facilitated the use of 

these classification systems in the 2002–12 employment 

matrices. 

The availability of 2000 Census Bureau occupationand industry-based CPS data also made the transition easier. 

Although BLS began collecting 2000 SOC and 2002 NAICSbased CPS data in the January 2003 survey, CPS microdata 

for all surveys in 2000 through 2002 were recoded by the 

Census Bureau, which used the 2000 Census of Population 

occupation and industry classification system. The 2000 

Census of Population occupation and industry classification system is almost completely consistent with the 2000 

SOC system and the 2002 NAICS. 

The 2002 NAICS replaces the 1987 SIC system. The 

new system is designed so that economic units having similar production processes are classified into the same industry in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The industry 

definitions in NAICS frequently are not consistent with 

those formerly used with the 1987 SIC system.4

 

Incorporating the 2000 SOC system into the 2002 

national employment matrix 

Improving consistency with the 2000 SOC system and establishing the broadest employment coverage possible were 

goals desired for the 2002 national employment matrix 

structure. Both goals were achieved, a task that required 

identifying and accounting for all valid 2000 SOC occupations and identifying data sources for occupations and industries not covered by the 2002 OES survey. Table II-1 

presents the occupation structure for the 2002 employment 

matrix. 

Occupations define the rows in the matrix, and several 

types of occupations exist in the final structure of the matrix: 

• Summary occupations (a total of 255) combine 

employment information on detailed—“line-item” 

or “rollup”—occupations and display 2002 and 

projected 2012 employment estimates. 

• Line-item occupations (717) possess the greatest 

level of published occupation employment detail 

in the matrix, have a one-to-one relationship with 

 

4

 Information on matching 1987 SIC industries with those of the 2002 

NAICS is available at http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics02. 
44

OES survey occupation data, and display 2002 and 

projected 2012 employment estimates. 

• Rollup occupations (8) also possess the greatest 

level of published occupation employment detail 

in the matrix, present data from two or more collapsed occupations, and display 2002 and projected 2012 employment estimates. 

• Collapsed occupations (59) possess only base-year 

employment; these occupations are combined to 

create rollup occupations. 

The implementation of the SOC system in the 2002 national employment matrix clearly was an improvement 

over 2000 matrix efforts, but fell just short of complete 

success at the most detailed occupational level. Of the 725 

detailed occupations—those individual occupations identified as line-item or rollup occupations in table II-1 —696 

are consistent with a 2000 SOC occupation. Residual occupations—the “all other...” occupation category used to 

classify a number of occupations within a specific group—

accounted for those not consistent with the SOC system. 

(The treatment of residual occupations in the OES survey 

explains much of the inconsistencies and is discussed later 

in this chapter.) 

The 2002 national employment matrix structure, the 10 

intermediate SOC aggregation group levels, and the 22 SOC

major occupation groups (excluding SOC military occupations, which are not covered in the matrix) are completely 

consistent with one another. While closely consistent with 

the 2000 SOC system structure at the detailed occupation 

level, and completely consistent at the major occupation 

group level, the matrix structure is different from the 2000 

SOC structure, for several reasons. 

Non-SOC occupation coverage in the OES survey data. 

In an effort to reduce the number of residual occupations 

listed on the survey forms, in some cases the OES survey 

combined residual occupations from different broad occupational groups. For example, the OES survey combined 

the SOC occupations 13-1199, “business operation specialists, all other”; 13-1079, “human resources, training, and 

labor relations specialists, all other”; and 13-1081, “logisticians,” into the survey occupation 13-1199, “business operation specialists, all other.” Although this survey occupation was thus associated with a valid SOC code, the data 

collected represented three SOC occupations. To possess a 

valid SOC occupation code in the 2002 matrix directory, a 

detailed occupation must represent a single SOC occupation 

and also must represent employment data for all classes of 

workers and industries. Because the OES survey occupation 

13-1199, “business operation specialists, all other,” consists of three SOC occupations, it is judged not to be a valid 

SOC occupation for inclusion in the 2002 matrix and is assigned the non-SOC code 13-1198. The title, “all other 

business operations specialists,” differs from the SOC title 

and is retained. Detailed occupations in this category are 

as follows: 

Matrix 

Code Matrix title 

Occupation 

 type 

 

13-1198 All other business operations 

specialists Line item 

19-3098 All other social scientists and 

related workers Line item 

19-4098 All other life, physical, and 

social science technicians Line item 

25-1198 All other postsecondary teachers Collapse 

29-1198 All other health diagnosing and 

treating practitioners Line item 

33-9095 All other protective service 

workers Line item 

35-9098 All other food preparation and 

serving related workers Line item 

41-9098 All other sales and related 

workers Line item 

In a second example, the OES survey occupation 17-

3099, “all other drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians,” is not in the 2000 SOC system. The OES staff created this residual occupation, which includes the data for 

the SOC occupations 17-3019, “drafters, all other”; and 17-

3029, “engineering technicians, except drafters, all other.” 

Because no OES survey information is provided for either 

occupation 17-3019 or occupation 17-3029, the non-SOC

code and title 17-3099, “all other drafters, engineering, and 

mapping technicians,” is retained in the 2002 occupational 

directory. Occupations in this group are as follows: 

Matrix 

Code Matrix title 

Occupation 

type 

17-3099 All other drafters, engineering, 

and mapping technicians Line item 

21-9099 All other counselors, social, and 

religious workers Line item 

23-9099 All other legal and related 

workers Line item 

25-3999 All other teachers, primary, 

secondary, and adult Line item 

25-9199 All other library, museum, 

training, and other education 

workers Line item 

27-1099 All other art and design workers Line item 

29-9199 All other health practitioners and 

technical workers Line item 

37-9099 All other building and grounds 

cleaning and maintenance 

workers Line item 

39-3199 All other gaming service workers Line item 

43-4999 All other financial, information, 

and record clerks Line item 

43-9999 All other secretaries, 

administrative assistants, and 

other office support workers Line item 

45-9099 All other farming, fishing, and 

forestry workers Line item 

47-4999 All other construction trades and 

related workers Line item 
45

A third case involves OES survey occupation 17-1099, 

“all other architects, surveyors, and cartographers.” This 

occupation was used in the OES survey to facilitate data 

collection, is not in the 2000 SOC structure, and does not 

contain any occupations that are in the 2000 SOC system. 

The group of occupations with these features includes the 

following: 

Matrix 

Code Matrix title 

Occupation 

 type 

 

17-1099 All other architects, surveyors, 

and cartographers Line item 

43-5199 All other material recording, 

scheduling, dispatching, 

and distributing workers Line item 

49-2099 All other electrical and 

electronic equipment 

mechanics, installers, and 

repairers Line item 

49-3099 All other vehicle and mobile 

equipment mechanics, 

installers, and repairers Line item 

51-3099 All other food processing 

workers Line item 

51-5099 All other printing workers Line item 

53-2099 All other air transportation 

workers Line item 

53-5099 All other water transportation 

workers Line item 

The final example, the matrix rollup occupation 53-

4039, “subway, streetcar operators and all other rail transportation workers,” is not an OES survey or an SOC occupation. Matrix staff aggregated OES survey and SOC occupations 53-4041, “subway and streetcar operators”; and 53-

4099, “rail transportation workers, all other,” so as not to 

release questionable data. 

Adjusting OES survey data. Not all industries and occupations are surveyed by the OES, so coverage is incomplete. 

A number of alterations to the 2002 OES survey data were 

needed to improve the coverage and quality of information 

in the national matrix. Dealing with the impact of the OES

survey’s occupational structure, the recoding of OPM and 

USPS employment data by OES staff, and the changes necessitated by introducing the 2002 NAICS industries provided 

significant challenges. 

Non-covered OES survey occupations. Before the 2001 

survey, the OES survey structure sometimes resulted in the 

collection of information for “all other...” residual occupations that was inconsistent with the SOC structure.5

 As a re-

 

5 The OES survey began collecting data for all detailed 2000 SOC occupations in 2001, but estimates for some SOC occupations are not currently 

available. 

sult, significant components of employment could not be 

identified for some broad occupations. This limitation of 

OES employment data was of special concern to staff who 

use OES survey-based matrix data in preparing the major 

BLS publication: the Occupational Outlook Handbook

(OOH). The problem was especially acute for Handbook

occupation 29-1060, “physicians and surgeons,” because of 

the occupation’s prominence, the potential uses of the data, 

and the availability of other employment data with different 

estimates that might raise questions about the credibility of 

BLS estimates. Similar concerns existed for other SOC

broad occupations. 

Under the 2000 SOC structure, data on physicians and 

surgeons could be collected for detailed occupations and 

aggregated to the broad occupation 29-1060, “physicians 

and surgeons,” as follows: 

29-1060 Physicians and surgeons 

29-1061 Anesthesiologists 

29-1062 Family and general practitioners 

29-1063 Internists, general 

29-1064 Obstetricians and gynecologists 

29-1065 Pediatricians, general 

29-1066 Psychiatrists 

29-1067 Surgeons 

29-1069 Physicians and surgeons, all other 

The problem with the OES survey data for occupation 29-

1060, “physicians and surgeons,” exists because the employment data for SOC occupation 29-1069, “physicians 

and surgeons, all other” originally were not collected separately. Rather, the data were collected in the OES residual 

occupation 29-1199, “all other health diagnosing and treating practitioners,” along with data for two other occupations. The OES survey code 29-1199 is a valid SOC code, 

but contains employment data for more than one SOC occupations: 29-1129, “therapists, all other”; and 29-1199, 

“health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other.” As 

a result, the code 29-1199 is assigned the non-SOC code 29-

1198 in the matrix. 

Although employment data for occupation 29-1069, 

“physicians and surgeons, all other,” have been collected as 

a separate occupation since the 2000 OES survey, OES procedures continue to place the data into occupation 29-1199, 

“all other health diagnosing and treating practitioners,” a 

practice that is expected to continue until 3 years of OES

survey data are available. The OES survey’s current outputprocessing structure precludes estimating employment for 

detailed SOC occupation 29-1069, “physicians and surgeons, all other,” and thus precludes estimating total employment for the SOC broad occupation group 29-1060, 

“physicians and surgeons,” which includes occupation 29-

1069, “physicians and surgeons, all other.” 

To meet the data needs for the OOH, an internal OES

survey data file with occupational employment estimates 

for all occupations surveyed in any of the years 1999–2002 

was used to circumvent existing data limitations. This file 

permitted the development of industry-specific employ-
46

ment estimates for occupation 29-1069, “physicians and 

surgeons, all other,” as well as occupations 11-9039, “education administrators, all other,” and 19-1029, “biological 

scientists, all other”—two additional detailed occupations 

needing employment data for the Handbook. Employment 

for these detailed occupations was subtracted from the appropriate residual in each industry. Total employment for 

each industry was retained. 

Non-covered OES survey industries. The OES survey generated 2002 occupational employment estimates by applying 2002 fourth-quarter industry employment data from the 

Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program to OES survey occupation patterns in each industry. 

The QCEW (also known as the ES-202) program represents 

the employment of workers covered by unemployment insurance programs in the United States and its territories. 

QCEW employment for NAICS industry 8131, “religious organizations,” however, does not reflect all workers, because unemployment insurance coverage for this industry 

is incomplete. 

In preparing occupation projections, the matrix staff 

applies industry employment from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program to most industries, including 

religious organizations. The CES employment figure for religious organizations is almost 10 times that from the 

QCEW; consequently, there is concern that some occupations in this industry may not be adequately represented by 

the OES survey. In particular, occupation 21-2011, 

“clergy,” the most significant occupation in religious organizations, would be considerably undercounted by using 

QCEW employment to select the OES sampling frame. Employment for clergy in the 2002 CPS industry-occupation 

matrix was about 383,000, approximately 87 percent higher 

than the QCEW-based OES estimate. Accordingly, the occupational distribution for religious organizations was altered 

by increasing employment estimates for clergy by 179,000 

and decreasing those of every other occupation within the 

industry. 

OES staff recoding of OPM and USPS occupational data. The 

OPM and USPS occupational employment data provided to 

OES staff use occupational codes and titles unique to their 

organizations. The OES staff recodes the OPM and USPS occupational data to SOC occupations. A review of the recoded OPM and USPS occupational data by staff preparing 

the occupational projections revealed deficiencies; for example, all Federal computer specialist employment was 

categorized into only 4 of the 11 SOC computer specialist 

occupations. After this review, recommendations for 

changes in distributing the OPM and USPS occupation data 

over SOC-based Federal occupational employment became 

part of the process of determining the matrix. This adjustment to OPM and USPS data initially coded by OES staff significantly modified occupational employment patterns 

within the Federal Government, increasing the number of 

information technology occupations from 4 to 11, as follows:

Unadjusted OES-coded Federal Government information 

technology occupations

15-1011 Computer and information scientist, research 

15-1021 Computer programmers 

15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications 

15-1099 All other computer specialists 

Adjusted OES-coded Federal Government information 

technology occupations

11-3021 Computer and information systems managers 

15-1011 Computer and information scientist, research 

15-1021 Computer programmers 

15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications 

15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems software 

15-1041 Computer support specialists 

15-1051 Computer systems analysts 

15-1061 Database administrators 

15-1071 Network and computer systems administrators 

15-1081 Network systems and data communications analyst 

Incorporating the 2002 NAICS into the 2002 

national employment matrix 

Before starting preparations for the 2002–12 projections, 

the Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections analyzed alternatives and then decided to incorporate the 2002 NAICS into the 2002–12 projections instead of 

the 2004–14 projections, as originally planned. The change 

permitted the 2002–12 projections to share the industry 

classification system used by other BLS programs and other 

Federal statistical agencies. Incorporating the 2002 NAICS

structure 2 years ahead of schedule required overcoming 

many challenges and caused a 2-month delay in releasing 

the projections. Table II-2 presents the industry structure 

for the 2002 employment matrix. 

2002 base-year employment matrix. Several goals 

shaped the design of the 2002 employment matrix’s industry structure: 

1. Four-digit NAICS industry detail would be provided whenever possible. 

2. The structure of the matrix had to be consistent 

with the less detailed industry configuration used 

by the Division of Industry Employment Projections (DIEP). More detailed matrix industry employment would have to add to DIEP industry employment controls. 

3. The structure would be consistent with that used 

by DIEP and the CES survey program in that private 

and government employment would be presented 

separately. 

For the most part, these goals were achieved. Data are 

available at the four-digit level for 261 of the 282 matrix 

columns presented, and the structure is consistent with that 

of the DIEP and the CES survey program. (See table IV–1, 

which presents DIEP industry sector employment projections and more detailed matrix industry projections.) 

Class of worker categories—self-employed workers, 
47

unpaid family workers, and wage and salary workers—by 

industry define the columns of the 2002 employment matrix. Industry employment information is available only on 

wage and salary workers. As the following tabulation 

shows, the OES survey contributes occupational distribution 

information for wage and salary workers in 269 of the 282 

matrix columns, by far the largest source of occupational 

information (in addition, OES survey staff recoded OPM and 

USPS occupational employment data to the 2000 SOC structure for use in the national employment matrix): 

 Class-of-worker category Number of

columns 

Data 

source 

Total 282 

Self-employed workers, primary job 1 CPS 

Self-employed workers, secondary job 1 CPS 

Unpaid family workers, primary job 1 CPS 

Unpaid family workers, secondary job 1 CPS 

Wage and salary worker, primary job, 

agriculture, forestry, fishing, and private 

households 6 CPS 

Wage and salary worker, secondary job, 

agriculture, forestry, fishing, and private 

households 1 CPS 

Wage and salary workers, Federal 

Government 1 OPM 

Wage and salary workers, U.S. Postal Service 1 USPS 

Wage and salary workers, other industries 269 OES 

Note that the class-of-worker structure of the 2002 matrix 

columns is similar to that used with the 2000–10 projections. The 2002–12 employment matrices provide data for 

278 detailed wage and salary industries, compared with 

266 detailed wage and salary industries presented in earlier 

projections. 

2002 OES survey data. The OES survey is designed to collect information on all industries from one-third of the 

sample each year. Thus, 3 years normally would be required to provide data for the complete sample. OES survey 

data for 2002 would consist of 2000, 2001, and 2002 OES

survey data, except that the 2002 data deviate from the 

norm to accommodate a change in collection procedures. 

In November 2002, the OES survey changed from an 

annual survey of 400,000 establishments to a semiannual 

survey of 200,000 establishments.6

 Consequently, data 

from the November 2002 survey came from a smaller sample. In addition, the November survey initiated the use of a 

NAICS-based sampling frame. While data were collected on 

NAICS industries, the data for 1999–2001 were collected 

under the 1987 SIC industry structure and then recoded to 

NAICS. In order to maintain adequate geographic, industrial, and occupational coverage through the implementation of NAICS and semiannual sampling, the November 

2002 data were combined with the annual samples from 

 

6

 Beginning in 2003, the survey will take place in May and November 

every year. 

1999, 2000, and 2001, for a total sample size of approximately 1.4 million establishments. 

Industries not covered in the OES survey. The 2002 OES

survey did not collect data for the following industries: 

 111000 Crop production 

 112000 Animal production 

 113100 Timber tract operations 

 113200 Forest nurseries and gathering of forest products 

 114000 Fishing, hunting, and trapping 

 115300 Support activities for forestry 

 814100 Private households 

CPS information provided an alternative source of data for 

industries 111000, “crop production”; 112000, “animal 

production”; 114000, “fishing, hunting, and trapping”; and 

814100, “private households and helped fill some other 

data gaps. CPS data, however, were not always available at 

the four-digit NAICS level. 

NAICS industry 113300, “logging,” was included in the 

2002 OES survey. The broader industry, 113000, “forestry 

and logging,” was separated into non-NAICS industry 

113132, “forestry,” and NAICS industry 113300, “logging.” 

Data for industry 113132 were obtained from the 2002 CPS. 

CPS data for NAICS industries 113100, “timber tract operations,” and 113200, “forest nurseries and gathering of forest products,” are not available separately. 

The OES survey included NAICS industries 115100, 

“support activities for crop production,” and 115200, “support activities for animal production,” but did not include 

coverage for industry 115300, “support activities for forestry.” Because of the incomplete coverage in the 2002 

OES survey, the CPS data for NAICS 115000, “support activities for agriculture and forestry,” were substituted. 

Private and government data for industries 611000, 

“educational services” (NAICS 611100–611700), and 

622000, “hospitals” (NAICS 622100–622300) are not available separately from the OES survey. OES staff, however, 

provided an internal data file that separated 2002 data on 

the educational services and hospitals industries according 

to private, State government, and local government ownership. Occupational data for industries 611000, “educational services,” and 622000, “hospitals,” appear separately 

for private, State, and local government ownership in the 

2002–12 national employment matrices. 

Non-NAICS government codes. Because they do not follow the 2002 NAICS structure, all industries within the government sector, except for industry 491100, “Postal Service,” have non-NAICS codes and titles, as follows: 

919999 Federal Government, excluding Postal Service 

926110 State government educational services

926220 State government hospitals

929200 State government, excluding education and hospitals

936110 Local government educational services

936220 Local government hospitals 

939300 Local government, excluding education and hospitals 
48

Distributing CPS employment data for 2002 to SOC

occupations. In addition to relying on the major 

contribution of 2002 OES survey data consistent with the 

structure of the 2000 SOC system, the national employment 

matrix depends on 2002 CPS employment data for estimates 

of the numbers of self-employed, unpaid family, and wage 

and salary workers in some industries (see earlier). The 

2002 CPS was collected under the 1990 Census Bureau 

industry and occupation classification system, but 2002 

survey responses were recoded by Census Bureau staff, 

using the 2000 Census of Population Occupation and 

Industry classification system, which closely resembles the 

2000 SOC system. A crosswalk was created to distribute 

CPS employment from one CPS occupation over several 

matrix occupations on the basis of matrix occupation 

employment. 

Of the 502 CPS occupations that were distributed in the 

crosswalk, 370 were exact matches. The remaining CPS

occupations were distributed to two or more SOC occupations. 

Future changes 

Many of the problems encountered in incorporating the 

2000 SOC system and the 2002 NAICS into the 2000 national 

employment matrix resulted from the structure of the OES

survey. Planned changes should resolve many of these 

problems. With the 2001 survey, data began to be collected for all detailed 2000 SOC occupations. Residual “all 

other...” occupations will not be listed on the survey forms, 

but respondents will add information to identify occupations not so listed. State analysts will recode employer entries to SOC occupations, including “all other...” occupations. OES data will be collected and processed in 

accordance with the 2000 SOC structure, using this procedure. BLS plans to make available OES data on all detailed 

2000 SOC occupations with the release of the November 

2004 OES data.
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

49

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

00-0000 NO Total, all occupations ........................................... Summary 

11-1300 NO Management, business, and financial 

 occupations........................................... Summary 

11-0000 YES Management occupations ............................... Summary 

11-1000 YES Top executives .............................................. Summary 

11-1011 YES Chief executives .......................................... Line item 

11-1021 YES General and operations managers.............. Line item 

11-1031 YES Legislators ................................................... Line item 

11-2000 YES Advertising, marketing, promotions, public 

 relations, and sales managers.............. Summary 

11-2011 YES Advertising and promotions managers........ Line item 

11-2020 YES Marketing and sales managers ................... Summary 

11-2021 YES Marketing managers.................................. Line item 

11-2022 YES Sales managers ........................................ Line item 

11-2031 YES Public relations managers........................... Line item 

11-3000 YES Operations specialties managers.................. Summary 

11-3011 YES Administrative services managers .............. Line item 

11-3021 YES Computer and information systems 

 managers.............................................. Line item 

11-3031 YES Financial managers ..................................... Line item 

11-3040 YES Human resources managers....................... Line item 

11-3051 YES Industrial production managers ................... Line item 

11-3061 YES Purchasing managers ................................. Line item 

11-3071 YES Transportation, storage, and distribution 

 managers.............................................. Line item 

11-9000 YES Other management occupations ................... Summary 

11-9010 YES Agricultural managers ................................. Summary 

11-9011 YES Farm, ranch, and other agricultural 

 managers.............................................. Line item 

11-9012 YES Farmers and ranchers ............................... Line item 

11-9021 YES Construction managers ............................... Line item 

11-9030 YES Education administrators............................. Summary 

11-9031 YES Education administrators, preschool 

 and child care center/program .............. Line item 

11-9032 YES Education administrators, elementary 

 and secondary school ........................... Line item 

11-9033 YES Education administrators, 

 postsecondary ............................................... Line item 

11-9039 YES Education administrators, all other............ Line item 

11-9041 YES Engineering managers ................................ Line item 

11-9051 YES Food service managers............................... Line item 

11-9061 YES Funeral directors.......................................... Line item 

11-9071 YES Gaming managers....................................... Line item 

11-9081 YES Lodging managers....................................... Line item 

11-9111 YES Medical and health services managers....... Line item 

11-9121 YES Natural sciences managers......................... Line item 

11-9131 YES Postmasters and mail superintendents ....... Line item 

11-9141 YES Property, real estate, and community 

 association managers........................... Line item 

11-9151 YES Social and community service managers.... Line item 

11-9199 YES All other managers ...................................... Line item 

13-0000 YES Business and financial operations 

 occupations........................................... Summary 

13-1000 YES Business operations specialists .................... Summary 

13-1011 YES Agents and business managers of artists, 

 performers, and athletes....................... Line item 

13-1020 YES Buyers and purchasing agents.................... Summary 

13-1021 YES Purchasing agents and buyers, farm 

 products ................................................ Line item 

13-1022 YES Wholesale and retail buyers, except 

 farm products........................................ Line item 

13-1023 YES Purchasing agents, except wholesale, 

 retail, and farm products ....................... Line item 

13-1030 YES Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, 

 and investigators................................... Summary 

13-1031 YES Claims adjusters, examiners, and 

 investigators.......................................... Line item 

13-1032 YES Insurance appraisers, auto damage.......... Line item 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

13-1041 YES Compliance officers, except agriculture, 

 construction, health and safety, 

 and transportation...................................... Line item 

13-1051 YES Cost estimators ................................................ Line item 

13-1061 YES Emergency management specialists ............... Line item 

13-1070 YES Human resources, training, and labor 

 relations specialists.................................... Summary 

13-1071 YES Employment, recruitment, and 

 placement specialists................................. Line item 

13-1072 YES Compensation, benefits, and job 

 analysis specialists .................................... Line item 

13-1073 YES Training and development specialists............ Line item 

13-1111 YES Management analysts ...................................... Line item 

13-1121 YES Meeting and convention planners .................... Line item 

13-1198 NO All other business operations 

 specialists .................................................. Line item 

13-2000 YES Financial specialists ........................................... Summary 

13-2011 YES Accountants and auditors................................. Line item 

13-2021 YES Appraisers and assessors of real estate .......... Line item 

13-2031 YES Budget analysts................................................ Line item 

13-2041 YES Credit analysts.................................................. Line item 

13-2050 YES Financial analysts and advisors ....................... Summary 

13-2051 YES Financial analysts........................................... Line item 

13-2052 YES Personal financial advisors............................. Line item 

13-2053 YES Insurance underwriters................................... Line item 

13-2061 YES Financial examiners ......................................... Line item 

13-2070 YES Loan counselors and officers ........................... Summary 

13-2071 YES Loan counselors ............................................. Line item 

13-2072 YES Loan officers................................................... Line item 

13-2080 YES Tax examiners, collectors, preparers, 

 and revenue agents ................................... Summary 

13-2081 YES Tax examiners, collectors, and 

 revenue agents .......................................... Line item 

13-2082 YES Tax preparers ................................................. Line item 

13-2099 YES All other financial specialists ............................ Line item 

15-2900 NO Professional and related occupations .................... Summary 

15-0000 YES Computer and mathematical science 

 occupations................................................ Summary 

15-1000 YES Computer specialists.......................................... Summary 

15-1011 YES Computer and information scientists, 

 research..................................................... Line item 

15-1021 YES Computer programmers ................................... Line item 

15-1030 YES Computer software engineers .......................... Summary 

15-1031 YES Computer software engineers, 

 applications................................................ Line item 

15-1032 YES Computer software engineers, systems 

 software ..................................................... Line item 

15-1041 YES Computer support specialists........................... Line item 

15-1051 YES Computer systems analysts ............................. Line item 

15-1061 YES Database administrators .................................. Line item 

15-1071 YES Network and computer systems 

 administrators ............................................ Line item 

15-1081 YES Network systems and data 

 communications analysts........................... Line item 

15-1099 YES All other computer specialists .......................... Line item 

15-2000 YES Mathematical science occupations..................... Summary 

15-2011 YES Actuaries .......................................................... Line item 

15-2021 YES Mathematicians ................................................ Line item 

15-2031 YES Operations research analysts........................... Line item 

15-2041 YES Statisticians ...................................................... Line item 

15-2090 YES Miscellaneous mathematical science 

 occupations................................................ Rollup 

15-2091 YES Mathematical technicians............................... Collapse 

15-2099 YES Mathematical scientists, all other ................... Collapse 

17-0000 YES Architecture and engineering occupations ........... Summary 

17-1000 YES Architects, surveyors, and cartographers........... Summary 

17-1010 YES Architects, except naval ................................... Summary 

17-1011 YES Architects, except landscape and naval.... Line item 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

50

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

17-1012 YES Landscape architects ................................ Line item 

17-1020 YES Surveyors, cartographers, and 

 photogrammetrists................................ Summary 

17-1021 YES Cartographers and photogrammetrists...... Line item 

17-1022 YES Surveyors .................................................. Line item 

17-1099 NO All other architects, surveyors, and 

 cartographers........................................ Line item 

17-2000 YES Engineers ...................................................... Summary 

17-2011 YES Aerospace engineers .................................. Line item 

17-2021 YES Agricultural engineers.................................. Line item 

17-2031 YES Biomedical engineers.................................. Line item 

17-2041 YES Chemical engineers..................................... Line item 

17-2051 YES Civil engineers............................................. Line item 

17-2061 YES Computer hardware engineers.................... Line item 

17-2070 YES Electrical and electronics engineers............ Summary 

17-2071 YES Electrical engineers................................... Line item 

17-2072 YES Electronics engineers, except computer ... Line item 

17-2081 YES Environmental engineers............................. Line item 

17-2110 YES Industrial engineers, including health 

 and safety ............................................. Summary 

17-2111 YES Health and safety engineers, except 

 mining safety engineers and 

 inspectors.............................................. Line item 

17-2112 YES Industrial engineers ................................... Line item 

17-2121 YES Marine engineers and naval architects........ Line item 

17-2131 YES Materials engineers ..................................... Line item 

17-2141 YES Mechanical engineers.................................. Line item 

17-2151 YES Mining and geological engineers, 

 including mining safety engineers......... Line item 

17-2161 YES Nuclear engineers ....................................... Line item 

17-2171 YES Petroleum engineers ................................... Line item 

17-2199 YES All other engineers ...................................... Line item 

17-3000 YES Drafters, engineering, and mapping 

 technicians............................................ Summary 

17-3010 YES Drafters ....................................................... Summary 

17-3011 YES Architectural and civil drafters ................... Line item 

17-3012 YES Electrical and electronics drafters ............. Line item 

17-3013 YES Mechanical drafters ................................... Line item 

17-3020 YES Engineering technicians, except drafters .... Summary 

17-3021 YES Aerospace engineering and operations 

 technicians............................................ Line item 

17-3022 YES Civil engineering technicians..................... Line item 

17-3023 YES Electrical and electronic engineering 

 technicians............................................ Line item 

17-3024 YES Electro-mechanical technicians................. Line item 

17-3025 YES Environmental engineering technicians..... Line item 

17-3026 YES Industrial engineering technicians ............. Line item 

17-3027 YES Mechanical engineering technicians ......... Line item 

17-3031 YES Surveying and mapping technicians............ Line item 

17-3099 NO All other drafters, engineering, and 

 mapping technicians............................. Line item 

19-0000 YES Life, physical, and social science 

 occupations........................................... Summary 

19-1000 YES Life scientists................................................. Summary 

19-1010 YES Agricultural and food scientists.................... Line item 

19-1020 YES Biological scientists ..................................... Summary 

19-1021 YES Biochemists and biophysicists................... Line item 

19-1022 YES Microbiologists........................................... Line item 

19-1023 YES Zoologists and wildlife biologists ............... Line item 

19-1029 YES Biological scientists, all other .................... Line item 

19-1030 YES Conservation scientists and foresters ......... Summary 

19-1031 YES Conservation scientists ............................. Line item 

19-1032 YES Foresters ................................................... Line item 

19-1040 YES Medical scientists ........................................ Summary 

19-1041 YES Epidemiologists ......................................... Line item 

19-1042 YES Medical scientists, except 

 epidemiologists..................................... Line item 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

19-1099 YES All other life scientists....................................... Line item 

19-2000 YES Physical scientists .............................................. Summary 

19-2010 YES Astronomers and physicists ............................. Summary 

19-2011 YES Astronomers................................................... Line item 

19-2012 YES Physicists ....................................................... Line item 

19-2021 YES Atmospheric and space scientists.................... Line item 

19-2030 YES Chemists and materials scientists.................... Summary 

19-2031 YES Chemists ........................................................ Line item 

19-2032 YES Materials scientists......................................... Line item 

19-2040 YES Environmental scientists and 

 geoscientists.............................................. Summary 

19-2041 YES Environmental scientists and 

 specialists, including health ....................... Line item 

19-2042 YES Geoscientists, except hydrologists and 

 geographers............................................... Line item 

19-2043 YES Hydrologists.................................................... Line item 

19-2099 YES All other physical scientists .............................. Line item 

19-3000 YES Social scientists and related occupations .......... Summary 

19-3011 YES Economists....................................................... Line item 

19-3020 YES Market and survey researchers........................ Summary 

19-3021 YES Market research analysts ............................... Line item 

19-3022 YES Survey researchers ........................................ Line item 

19-3030 YES Psychologists ................................................... Summary 

19-3031 YES Clinical, counseling, and school 

 psychologists ............................................. Line item 

19-3032 YES Industrial-organizational psychologists........... Line item 

19-3041 YES Sociologists ...................................................... Line item 

19-3051 YES Urban and regional planners............................ Line item 

19-3090 YES Miscellaneous social scientists and 

 related workers .......................................... Summary 

19-3091 YES Anthropologists and archeologists ................. Line item 

19-3092 YES Geographers .................................................. Line item 

19-3093 YES Historians ....................................................... Line item 

19-3094 YES Political scientists ........................................... Line item 

19-3098 NO All other social scientists and related 

 workers ...................................................... Line item 

19-4000 YES Life, physical, and social science 

 technicians................................................. Summary 

19-4011 YES Agricultural and food science technicians ........ Line item 

19-4021 YES Biological technicians....................................... Line item 

19-4031 YES Chemical technicians ....................................... Line item 

19-4041 YES Geological and petroleum technicians ............. Line item 

19-4051 YES Nuclear technicians.......................................... Line item 

19-4090 YES Other life, physical, and social science 

 technicians................................................. Summary 

19-4091 YES Environmental science and protection 

 technicians, including health...................... Line item 

19-4092 YES Forensic science technicians ......................... Line item 

19-4093 YES Forest and conservation technicians.............. Line item 

19-4098 NO All other life, physical, and social 

 science technicians.................................... Line item 

21-0000 YES Community and social services 

 occupations................................................ Summary 

21-1000 YES Counselors, social workers, and other 

 community and social service 

 specialists .................................................. Summary 

21-1010 YES Counselors ....................................................... Summary 

21-1011 YES Substance abuse and behavioral 

 disorder counselors ................................... Line item 

21-1012 YES Educational, vocational, and school 

 counselors ................................................. Line item 

21-1013 YES Marriage and family therapists ....................... Line item 

21-1014 YES Mental health counselors ............................... Line item 

21-1015 YES Rehabilitation counselors ............................... Line item 

21-1020 YES Social workers.................................................. Summary 

21-1021 YES Child, family, and school social 

 workers ...................................................... Line item 

21-1022 YES Medical and public health social 

 workers ...................................................... Line item 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

51

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

21-1023 YES Mental health and substance abuse 

 social workers ....................................... Line item 

21-1090 YES Miscellaneous community and social 

 service specialists................................. Summary 

21-1091 YES Health educators ....................................... Line item 

21-1092 YES Probation officers and correctional 

 treatment specialists............................. Line item 

21-1093 YES Social and human service assistants ........ Line item 

21-2000 YES Religious workers.......................................... Summary 

21-2011 YES Clergy ....................................................... Line item 

21-2021 YES Directors, religious activities and 

 education .............................................. Line item 

21-9099 NO All other counselors, social, and religious 

 workers ................................................. Line item 

23-0000 YES Legal occupations ........................................... Summary 

23-1000 YES Lawyers, judges, and related workers........... Summary 

23-1011 YES Lawyers ....................................................... Line item 

23-1020 YES Judges, magistrates, and other judicial 

 workers ................................................. Summary 

23-1021 YES Administrative law judges, adjudicators, 

 and hearing officers .............................. Line item 

23-1022 YES Arbitrators, mediators, and 

 conciliators............................................ Line item 

23-1023 YES Judges, magistrate judges, and 

 magistrates ........................................... Line item 

23-2000 YES Legal support workers ................................... Summary 

23-2011 YES Paralegals and legal assistants................... Line item 

23-2090 YES Miscellaneous legal support workers .......... Summary 

23-2091 YES Court reporters .......................................... Line item 

23-2092 YES Law clerks ................................................. Line item 

23-2093 YES Title examiners, abstractors, and 

 searchers .............................................. Line item 

23-9099 NO All other legal and related workers................ Line item 

25-0000 YES Education, training, and library occupations.... Summary 

25-1000 YES Postsecondary teachers................................ Rollup 

25-1011 YES Business teachers, postsecondary.............. Collapse 

25-1021 YES Computer science teachers, 

 postsecondary....................................... Collapse 

25-1022 YES Mathematical science teachers, 

 postsecondary....................................... Collapse 

25-1031 YES Architecture teachers, postsecondary......... Collapse 

25-1032 YES Engineering teachers, postsecondary......... Collapse 

25-1041 YES Agricultural sciences teachers, 

 postsecondary....................................... Collapse 

25-1042 YES Biological science teachers, 

 postsecondary....................................... Collapse 

25-1043 YES Forestry and conservation science 

 teachers, postsecondary....................... Collapse 

25-1051 YES Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space 

 sciences teachers, postsecondary........ Collapse 

25-1052 YES Chemistry teachers, postsecondary ............ Collapse 

25-1053 YES Environmental science teachers, 

 postsecondary....................................... Collapse 

25-1054 YES Physics teachers, postsecondary................ Collapse 

25-1061 YES Anthropology and archeology teachers, 

 postsecondary....................................... Collapse 

25-1062 YES Area, ethnic, and cultural studies 

 teachers, postsecondary....................... Collapse 

25-1063 YES Economics teachers, postsecondary........... Collapse 

25-1064 YES Geography teachers, postsecondary........... Collapse 

25-1065 YES Political science teachers, postsecondary... Collapse 

25-1066 YES Psychology teachers, postsecondary.......... Collapse 

25-1067 YES Sociology teachers, postsecondary............. Collapse 

25-1071 YES Health specialties teachers, 

 postsecondary....................................... Collapse 

25-1072 YES Nursing instructors and teachers, 

 postsecondary....................................... Collapse 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

25-1081 YES Education teachers, postsecondary ................. Collapse 

25-1082 YES Library science teachers, postsecondary ......... Collapse 

25-1111 YES Criminal justice and law enforcement 

 teachers, postsecondary............................ Collapse 

25-1112 YES Law teachers, postsecondary........................... Collapse 

25-1113 YES Social work teachers, postsecondary............... Collapse 

25-1121 YES Art, drama, and music teachers, 

 postsecondary............................................ Collapse 

25-1122 YES Communications teachers, postsecondary ...... Collapse 

25-1123 YES English language and literature teachers, 

 postsecondary............................................ Collapse 

25-1124 YES Foreign language and literature teachers, 

 postsecondary............................................ Collapse 

25-1125 YES History teachers, postsecondary ...................... Collapse 

25-1126 YES Philosophy and religion teachers, 

 postsecondary............................................ Collapse 

25-1191 YES Graduate teaching assistants........................... Collapse 

25-1192 YES Home economics teachers, 

 postsecondary............................................ Collapse 

25-1193 YES Recreation and fitness studies teachers, 

 postsecondary............................................ Collapse 

25-1194 YES Vocational education teachers, 

 postsecondary............................................ Collapse 

25-1198 NO All other postsecondary teachers..................... Collapse 

25-2000 YES Primary, secondary, and special education 

 teachers ..................................................... Summary 

25-2010 YES Preschool and kindergarten teachers............... Summary 

25-2011 YES Preschool teachers, except special 

 education ................................................... Line item 

25-2012 YES Kindergarten teachers, except special 

 education ................................................... Line item 

25-2020 YES Elementary and middle school teachers .......... Summary 

25-2021 YES Elementary school teachers, except 

 special education....................................... Line item 

25-2022 YES Middle school teachers, except 

 special and vocational education............... Line item 

25-2023 YES Vocational education teachers, middle 

 school ........................................................ Line item 

25-2030 YES Secondary school teachers .............................. Summary 

25-2031 YES Secondary school teachers, except 

 special and vocational education............... Line item 

25-2032 YES Vocational education teachers, 

 secondary school....................................... Line item 

25-2040 YES Special education teachers .............................. Rollup 

25-2041 YES Special education teachers, preschool, 

 kindergarten, and elementary 

 school ........................................................ Collapse 

25-2042 YES Special education teachers, middle 

 school ........................................................ Collapse 

25-2043 YES Special education teachers, secondary 

 school ........................................................ Collapse 

25-3000 YES Other teachers and instructors........................... Summary 

25-3011 YES Adult literacy, remedial education, 

 and GED teachers and instructors............. Line item 

25-3021 YES Self-enrichment education teachers................. Line item 

25-3999 NO All other teachers, primary, secondary, 

 and adult .................................................... Line item 

25-4000 YES Librarians, curators, and archivists..................... Summary 

25-4010 YES Archivists, curators, and museum 

 technicians................................................. Line item 

25-4021 YES Librarians.......................................................... Line item 

25-4031 YES Library technicians............................................ Line item 

25-9000 YES Other education, training, and library 

 occupations................................................ Summary 

25-9011 YES Audio-visual collections specialists .................. Line item 

25-9021 YES Farm and home management advisors ........... Line item 

25-9031 YES Instructional coordinators ................................. Line item 

25-9041 YES Teacher assistants ........................................... Line item 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

52

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

25-9199 NO All other library, museum, training, and 

 other education workers........................ Line item 

27-0000 YES Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and 

 media occupations................................ Summary 

27-1000 YES Art and design occupations........................... Summary 

27-1010 YES Artists and related workers.......................... Summary 

27-1011 YES Art directors ............................................... Line item 

27-1013 YES Fine artists, including painters, 

 sculptors, and illustrators ...................... Line item 

27-1014 YES Multi-media artists and animators ............. Line item 

27-1020 YES Designers .................................................... Summary 

27-1021 YES Commercial and industrial designers ........ Line item 

27-1022 YES Fashion designers ..................................... Line item 

27-1023 YES Floral designers......................................... Line item 

27-1024 YES Graphic designers ..................................... Line item 

27-1025 YES Interior designers....................................... Line item 

27-1026 YES Merchandise displayers and window 

 trimmers................................................ Line item 

27-1027 YES Set and exhibit designers .......................... Line item 

27-1099 NO All other art and design workers.................. Line item 

27-2000 YES Entertainers and performers, sports and 

 related occupations............................... Summary 

27-2010 YES Actors, producers, and directors ................. Summary 

27-2011 YES Actors ....................................................... Line item 

27-2012 YES Producers and directors ............................ Line item 

27-2020 YES Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related 

 workers ................................................. Summary 

27-2021 YES Athletes and sports competitors................ Line item 

27-2022 YES Coaches and scouts.................................. Line item 

27-2023 YES Umpires, referees, and other sports 

 officials.................................................. Line item 

27-2030 YES Dancers and choreographers...................... Summary 

27-2031 YES Dancers ..................................................... Line item 

27-2032 YES Choreographers......................................... Line item 

27-2040 YES Musicians, singers, and related workers ..... Summary 

27-2041 YES Music directors and composers................. Line item 

27-2042 YES Musicians and singers............................... Line item 

27-2099 YES All other entertainers and performers, 

 sports and related workers.................... Line item 

27-3000 YES Media and communication occupations ........ Summary 

27-3010 YES Announcers ................................................. Line item 

27-3020 YES News analysts, reporters, and 

 correspondents ..................................... Line item 

27-3031 YES Public relations specialists .......................... Line item 

27-3040 YES Writers and editors ...................................... Summary 

27-3041 YES Editors ....................................................... Line item 

27-3042 YES Technical writers ....................................... Line item 

27-3043 YES Writers and authors................................... Line item 

27-3090 YES Miscellaneous media and 

 communications workers ...................... Summary 

27-3091 YES Interpreters and translators ....................... Line item 

27-3099 YES All other media and communication 

 workers ................................................. Line item 

27-4000 YES Media and communication equipment 

 occupations........................................... Summary 

27-4010 YES Broadcast and sound engineering 

 technicians and radio operators............ Summary 

27-4011 YES Audio and video equipment technicians.... Line item 

27-4012 YES Broadcast technicians ............................... Line item 

27-4013 YES Radio operators......................................... Line item 

27-4014 YES Sound engineering technicians ................. Line item 

27-4021 YES Photographers............................................. Line item 

27-4030 YES Television, video, and motion picture 

 camera operators and editors............... Summary 

27-4031 YES Camera operators, television, video, 

 and motion picture ................................ Line item 

27-4032 YES Film and video editors ............................... Line item 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

27-4099 YES All other media and communication 

 equipment workers .................................... Line item 

29-0000 YES Healthcare practitioners and technical 

 occupations................................................ Summary 

29-1000 YES Health diagnosing and treating 

 practitioners ............................................... Summary 

29-1011 YES Chiropractors.................................................... Line item 

29-1020 YES Dentists ............................................................ Line item 

29-1031 YES Dietitians and nutritionists ................................ Line item 

29-1041 YES Optometrists..................................................... Line item 

29-1051 YES Pharmacists...................................................... Line item 

29-1060 YES Physicians and surgeons ................................. Rollup 

29-1061 YES Anesthesiologists ........................................... Collapse 

29-1062 YES Family and general practitioners .................... Collapse 

29-1063 YES Internists, general........................................... Collapse 

29-1064 YES Obstetricians and gynecologists..................... Collapse 

29-1065 YES Pediatricians, general..................................... Collapse 

29-1066 YES Psychiatrists ................................................... Collapse 

29-1067 YES Surgeons........................................................ Collapse 

29-1069 YES Physicians and surgeons, all other................. Collapse 

29-1071 YES Physician assistants......................................... Line item 

29-1081 YES Podiatrists......................................................... Line item 

29-1111 YES Registered nurses ............................................ Line item 

29-1120 YES Therapists......................................................... Summary 

29-1121 YES Audiologists.................................................... Line item 

29-1122 YES Occupational therapists.................................. Line item 

29-1123 YES Physical therapists ......................................... Line item 

29-1124 YES Radiation therapists........................................ Line item 

29-1125 YES Recreational therapists................................... Line item 

29-1126 YES Respiratory therapists..................................... Line item 

29-1127 YES Speech-language pathologists....................... Line item 

29-1131 YES Veterinarians .................................................... Line item 

29-1198 NO All other health diagnosing and treating 

 practitioners ............................................... Line item 

29-2000 YES Health technologists and technicians................. Summary 

29-2010 YES Clinical laboratory technologists and 

 technicians................................................. Summary 

29-2011 YES Medical and clinical laboratory 

 technologists.............................................. Line item 

29-2012 YES Medical and clinical laboratory 

 technicians................................................. Line item 

29-2021 YES Dental hygienists .............................................. Line item 

29-2030 YES Diagnostic related technologists and 

 technicians................................................. Summary 

29-2031 YES Cardiovascular technologists and 

 technicians................................................. Line item 

29-2032 YES Diagnostic medical sonographers .................. Line item 

29-2033 YES Nuclear medicine technologists ..................... Line item 

29-2034 YES Radiologic technologists and 

 technicians................................................. Line item 

29-2041 YES Emergency medical technicians and 

 paramedics ................................................ Line item 

29-2050 YES Health diagnosing and treating 

 practitioner support technicians................. Summary 

29-2051 YES Dietetic technicians ........................................ Line item 

29-2052 YES Pharmacy technicians .................................... Line item 

29-2053 YES Psychiatric technicians................................... Line item 

29-2054 YES Respiratory therapy technicians ..................... Line item 

29-2055 YES Surgical technologists .................................... Line item 

29-2056 YES Veterinary technologists and 

 technicians................................................. Line item 

29-2061 YES Licensed practical and licensed 

 vocational nurses....................................... Line item 

29-2071 YES Medical records and health information 

 technicians................................................. Line item 

29-2081 YES Opticians, dispensing ....................................... Line item 

29-2090 YES Miscellaneous health technologists and 

 technicians................................................. Summary 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

53

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

29-2091 YES Orthotists and prosthetists......................... Line item 

29-9000 YES Other healthcare practitioners and 

 technical occupations ........................... Summary 

29-9010 YES Occupational health and safety 

 specialists and technicians ................... Line item 

29-9090 YES Miscellaneous health practitioners and 

 technical workers .................................. Summary 

29-9091 YES Athletic trainers.......................................... Line item 

29-9199 NO All other health practitioners and 

 technical workers .................................. Line item 

31-3900 NO Service occupations.......................................... Summary 

31-0000 YES Healthcare support occupations...................... Summary 

31-1000 YES Nursing, psychiatric, and home health 

 aides ..................................................... Summary 

31-1011 YES Home health aides ...................................... Line item 

31-1012 YES Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants..... Line item 

31-1013 YES Psychiatric aides.......................................... Line item 

31-2000 YES Occupational and physical therapist 

 assistants and aides ............................. Summary 

31-2010 YES Occupational therapist assistants and 

 aides ..................................................... Summary 

31-2011 YES Occupational therapist assistants.............. Line item 

31-2012 YES Occupational therapist aides..................... Line item 

31-2020 YES Physical therapist assistants and aides....... Summary 

31-2021 YES Physical therapist assistants ..................... Line item 

31-2022 YES Physical therapist aides............................. Line item 

31-9000 YES Other healthcare support occupations .......... Summary 

31-9011 YES Massage therapists ..................................... Line item 

31-9090 YES Miscellaneous healthcare support 

 occupations........................................... Summary 

31-9091 YES Dental assistants....................................... Line item 

31-9092 YES Medical assistants ..................................... Line item 

31-9093 YES Medical equipment preparers.................... Line item 

31-9094 YES Medical transcriptionists ............................ Line item 

31-9095 YES Pharmacy aides......................................... Line item 

31-9096 YES Veterinary assistants and laboratory 

 animal caretakers ................................. Line item 

33-0000 YES Protective service occupations........................ Summary 

33-1000 YES First-line supervisors/managers, 

 protective service workers .................... Summary 

33-1010 YES First-line supervisors/managers, law 

 enforcement workers ............................ Summary 

33-1011 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 correctional officers............................... Line item 

33-1012 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 police and detectives ............................ Line item 

33-1021 YES First-line supervisors/managers of fire 

 fighting and prevention workers............ Line item 

33-1099 YES All other first-line supervisors/managers, 

 protective service workers .................... Line item 

33-2000 YES Fire fighting and prevention workers ............. Summary 

33-2011 YES Fire fighters.................................................. Line item 

33-2020 YES Fire inspectors............................................. Rollup 

33-2021 YES Fire inspectors and investigators............... Collapse 

33-2022 YES Forest fire inspectors and prevention 

 specialists ............................................. Collapse 

33-3000 YES Law enforcement workers ............................. Summary 

33-3010 YES Bailiffs, correctional officers, and 

 jailers..................................................... Summary 

33-3011 YES Bailiffs ....................................................... Line item 

33-3012 YES Correctional officers and jailers................. Line item 

33-3021 YES Detectives and criminal investigators.......... Line item 

33-3031 YES Fish and game wardens .............................. Line item 

33-3041 YES Parking enforcement workers...................... Line item 

33-3050 YES Police officers.............................................. Summary 

33-3051 YES Police and sheriff's patrol officers.............. Line item 

33-3052 YES Transit and railroad police......................... Line item 

33-9000 YES Other protective service workers................... Summary 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

33-9011 YES Animal control workers..................................... Line item 

33-9021 YES Private detectives and investigators................. Line item 

33-9030 YES Security guards and gaming 

 surveillance officers ................................... Summary 

33-9031 YES Gaming surveillance officers and 

 gaming investigators.................................. Line item 

33-9032 YES Security guards............................................... Line item 

33-9091 YES Crossing guards ............................................... Line item 

33-9095 NO All other protective service workers ................. Line item 

35-0000 YES Food preparation and serving related 

 occupations................................................ Summary 

35-1000 YES Supervisors, food preparation and 

 serving workers.......................................... Summary 

35-1011 YES Chefs and head cooks...................................... Line item 

35-1012 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 food preparation and serving workers ....... Line item 

35-2000 YES Cooks and food preparation workers ................. Summary 

35-2010 YES Cooks ............................................................ Summary 

35-2011 YES Cooks, fast food ............................................. Line item 

35-2012 YES Cooks, institution and cafeteria ...................... Line item 

35-2013 YES Cooks, private household............................... Line item 

35-2014 YES Cooks, restaurant........................................... Line item 

35-2015 YES Cooks, short order.......................................... Line item 

35-2021 YES Food preparation workers ................................ Line item 

35-3000 YES Food and beverage serving workers.................. Summary 

35-3011 YES Bartenders........................................................ Line item 

35-3020 YES Fast food and counter workers......................... Summary 

35-3021 YES Combined food preparation and serving 

 workers, including fast food ....................... Line item 

35-3022 YES Counter attendants, cafeteria, food 

 concession, and coffee shop ..................... Line item 

35-3031 YES Waiters and waitresses.................................... Line item 

35-3041 YES Food servers, nonrestaurant ............................ Line item 

35-9000 YES Other food preparation and serving related 

 workers ...................................................... Summary 

35-9011 YES Dining room and cafeteria attendants and 

 bartender helpers....................................... Line item 

35-9021 YES Dishwashers..................................................... Line item 

35-9031 YES Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, 

 and coffee shop ......................................... Line item 

35-9098 NO All other food preparation and serving 

 related workers .......................................... Line item 

37-0000 YES Building and grounds cleaning and 

 maintenance occupations.......................... Summary 

37-1000 YES Supervisors, building and grounds 

 cleaning and maintenance workers ........... Summary 

37-1011 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 housekeeping and janitorial 

 workers ...................................................... Line item 

37-1012 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 landscaping, lawn service, and 

 groundskeeping workers............................ Line item 

37-2000 YES Building cleaning and pest control workers........ Summary 

37-2010 YES Building cleaning workers................................. Summary 

37-2011 YES Janitors and cleaners, except maids 

 and housekeeping cleaners....................... Line item 

37-2012 YES Maids and housekeeping cleaners................. Line item 

37-2021 YES Pest control workers......................................... Line item 

37-3000 YES Grounds maintenance workers .......................... Summary 

37-3010 YES Grounds maintenance workers ........................ Summary 

37-3011 YES Landscaping and groundskeeping 

 workers ...................................................... Line item 

37-3012 YES Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and 

 applicators, vegetation............................... Line item 

37-3013 YES Tree trimmers and pruners............................. Line item 

37-9099 NO All other building and grounds cleaning 

 and maintenance workers.......................... Line item 

39-0000 YES Personal care and service occupations................ Summary 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

54

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

39-1000 YES Supervisors, personal care and service 

 workers ................................................. Summary 

39-1010 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 gaming workers .................................... Summary 

39-1011 YES Gaming supervisors .................................. Line item 

39-1012 YES Slot key persons........................................ Line item 

39-1021 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 personal service workers ...................... Line item 

39-2000 YES Animal care and service workers .................. Summary 

39-2011 YES Animal trainers ............................................ Line item 

39-2021 YES Nonfarm animal caretakers................... Line item 

39-3000 YES Entertainment attendants and related 

 workers ................................................. Summary 

39-3010 YES Gaming services workers............................ Summary 

39-3011 YES Gaming dealers ......................................... Line item 

39-3012 YES Gaming and sports book writers and 

 runners.................................................. Line item 

39-3021 YES Motion picture projectionists........................ Line item 

39-3031 YES Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket 

 takers .................................................... Line item 

39-3090 YES Miscellaneous entertainment attendants 

 and related workers .............................. Summary 

39-3091 YES Amusement and recreation attendants ..... Line item 

39-3092 YES Costume attendants .................................. Line item 

39-3093 YES Locker room, coatroom, and dressing 

 room attendants.................................... Line item 

39-3199 NO All other gaming service workers ................ Line item 

39-4000 YES Funeral service workers ................................ Summary 

39-4011 YES Embalmers .................................................. Line item 

39-4021 YES Funeral attendants....................................... Line item 

39-5000 YES Personal appearance workers....................... Summary 

39-5010 YES Barbers and cosmetologists........................ Summary 

39-5011 YES Barbers...................................................... Line item 

39-5012 YES Hairdressers, hairstylists, and 

 cosmetologists...................................... Line item 

39-5090 YES Miscellaneous personal appearance 

 workers ................................................. Summary 

39-5091 YES Makeup artists, theatrical and 

 performance.......................................... Line item 

39-5092 YES Manicurists and pedicurists ....................... Line item 

39-5093 YES Shampooers .............................................. Line item 

39-5094 YES Skin care specialists.................................. Line item 

39-6000 YES Transportation, tourism, and lodging 

 attendants ............................................. Summary 

39-6010 YES Baggage porters, bellhops, and 

 concierges............................................. Summary 

39-6011 YES Baggage porters and bellhops .................. Line item 

39-6012 YES Concierges ................................................ Line item 

39-6020 YES Tour and travel guides................................. Summary 

39-6021 YES Tour guides and escorts............................ Line item 

39-6022 YES Travel guides............................................. Line item 

39-6030 YES Transportation attendants ........................... Summary 

39-6031 YES Flight attendants........................................ Line item 

39-6032 YES Transportation attendants, except flight 

 attendants and baggage porters........... Line item 

39-9000 YES Other personal care and service workers...... Summary 

39-9011 YES Child care workers....................................... Line item 

39-9021 YES Personal and home care aides.................... Line item 

39-9030 YES Recreation and fitness workers................... Summary 

39-9031 YES Fitness trainers and aerobics 

 instructors ............................................. Line item 

39-9032 YES Recreation workers ................................... Line item 

39-9041 YES Residential advisors .................................... Line item 

39-9099 YES Personal care and service workers, all 

 other...................................................... Line item 

41-0000 YES Sales and related occupations .......................... Summary 

41-1000 YES Supervisors, sales workers ............................. Summary 

41-1011 YES First-line supervisors/managers of retail 

 sales workers........................................ Line item 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

41-1012 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 non-retail sales workers............................. Line item 

41-2000 YES Retail sales workers ............................................. Summary 

41-2010 YES Cashiers ............................................................ Summary 

41-2011 YES Cashiers, except gaming.................................. Line item 

41-2012 YES Gaming change persons and booth 

 cashiers ..................................................... Line item 

41-2020 YES Counter and rental clerks and parts 

 salespersons.............................................. Summary 

41-2021 YES Counter and rental clerks ................................. Line item 

41-2022 YES Parts salespersons........................................... Line item 

41-2031 YES Retail salespersons............................................ Line item 

41-3000 YES Sales representatives, services............................ Summary 

41-3011 YES Advertising sales agents .................................... Line item 

41-3021 YES Insurance sales agents ...................................... Line item 

41-3031 YES Securities, commodities, and financial 

 services sales agents ................................ Line item 

41-3041 YES Travel agents...................................................... Line item 

41-4000 YES Sales representatives, wholesale and 

 manufacturing............................................ Summary 

41-4011 YES Sales representatives, wholesale and 

 manufacturing, technical and 

 scientific products ...................................... Line item 

41-4012 YES Sales representatives, wholesale and 

 manufacturing, except technical and 

 scientific products ...................................... Line item 

41-9000 YES Other sales and related workers .......................... Summary 

41-9010 YES Models, demonstrators, and product 

 promoters................................................... Summary 

41-9011 YES Demonstrators and product promoters............. Line item 

41-9012 YES Models ............................................................ Line item 

41-9020 YES Real estate brokers and sales agents................ Summary 

41-9021 YES Real estate brokers .......................................... Line item 

41-9022 YES Real estate sales agents.................................. Line item 

41-9031 YES Sales engineers.................................................. Line item 

41-9041 YES Telemarketers .................................................... Line item 

41-9091 YES Door-to-door sales workers, news and 

 street vendors, and related workers .......... Line item 

41-9098 NO All other sales and related workers.................... Line item 

43-0000 YES Office and administrative support 

 occupations................................................ Summary 

43-1000 YES Supervisors, office and administrative 

 support workers ......................................... Summary 

43-1011 YES First-line supervisors/managers of office 

 and administrative support workers........... Line item 

43-2000 YES Communications equipment operators ................ Summary 

43-2011 YES Switchboard operators, including 

 answering service ...................................... Line item 

43-2021 YES Telephone operators .......................................... Line item 

43-2099 YES All other communications equipment 

 operators.................................................... Line item 

43-3000 YES Financial clerks..................................................... Summary 

43-3011 YES Bill and account collectors.................................. Line item 

43-3021 YES Billing and posting clerks and machine 

 operators.................................................... Line item 

43-3031 YES Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing 

 clerks ......................................................... Line item 

43-3041 YES Gaming cage workers ........................................ Line item 

43-3051 YES Payroll and timekeeping clerks .......................... Line item 

43-3061 YES Procurement clerks ............................................ Line item 

43-3071 YES Tellers ............................................................ Line item 

43-4000 YES Information and record clerks............................... Summary 

43-4011 YES Brokerage clerks ................................................ Line item 

43-4021 YES Correspondence clerks ...................................... Line item 

43-4031 YES Court, municipal, and license clerks................... Line item 

43-4041 YES Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks ............ Line item 

43-4051 YES Customer service representatives...................... Line item 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

55

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

43-4061 YES Eligibility interviewers, government 

 programs............................................... Line item 

43-4071 YES File clerks ...................................................... Line item 

43-4081 YES Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks.............. Line item 

43-4111 YES Interviewers, except eligibility and loan ......... Line item 

43-4121 YES Library assistants, clerical ............................. Line item 

43-4131 YES Loan interviewers and clerks......................... Line item 

43-4141 YES New accounts clerks ..................................... Line item 

43-4151 YES Order clerks................................................... Line item 

43-4161 YES Human resources assistants, except 

 payroll and timekeeping........................ Line item 

43-4171 YES Receptionists and information clerks ............ Line item 

43-4181 YES Reservation and transportation ticket 

 agents and travel clerks........................ Line item 

43-4999 NO All other financial, information, and 

 record clerks ......................................... Line item 

43-5000 YES Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, 

 and distributing occupations ................. Summary 

43-5011 YES Cargo and freight agents............................... Line item 

43-5021 YES Couriers and messengers ............................. Line item 

43-5030 YES Dispatchers ................................................... Summary 

43-5031 YES Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers...... Line item 

43-5032 YES Dispatchers, except police, fire, and 

 ambulance ............................................ Line item 

43-5041 YES Meter readers, utilities ................................... Line item 

43-5050 YES Postal service workers .................................. Summary 

43-5051 YES Postal service clerks.................................... Line item 

43-5052 YES Postal service mail carriers ......................... Line item 

43-5053 YES Postal service mail sorters, processors, 

 and processing machine operators....... Line item 

43-5061 YES Production, planning, and expediting clerks.. Line item 

43-5071 YES Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks............ Line item 

43-5081 YES Stock clerks and order fillers ......................... Line item 

43-5111 YES Weighers, measurers, checkers, and 

 samplers, recordkeeping ...................... Line item 

43-5199 NO All other material recording, scheduling, 

 dispatching, and distributing 

 workers ................................................. Line item 

43-6000 YES Secretaries and administrative assistants....... Summary 

43-6011 YES Executive secretaries and administrative 

 assistants.............................................. Line item 

43-6012 YES Legal secretaries ........................................... Line item 

43-6013 YES Medical secretaries........................................ Line item 

43-6014 YES Secretaries, except legal, medical, and 

 executive............................................... Line item 

43-9000 YES Other office and administrative support 

 workers ................................................. Summary 

43-9011 YES Computer operators ...................................... Line item 

43-9020 YES Data entry and information processing 

 workers ................................................. Summary 

43-9021 YES Data entry keyers ........................................ Line item 

43-9022 YES Word processors and typists....................... Line item 

43-9031 YES Desktop publishers........................................ Line item 

43-9041 YES Insurance claims and policy processing 

 clerks .................................................... Line item 

43-9051 YES Mail clerks and mail machine operators, 

 except postal service ............................ Line item 

43-9061 YES Office clerks, general..................................... Line item 

43-9071 YES Office machine operators, except 

 computer............................................... Line item 

43-9081 YES Proofreaders and copy markers .................... Line item 

43-9111 YES Statistical assistants...................................... Line item 

43-9999 NO All other secretaries, administrative 

 assistants, and other office 

 support workers .................................... Line item 

45-0000 YES Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........ Summary 

45-1000 YES Supervisors, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry workers .................................... Rollup 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

45-1011 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 farming, fishing, and forestry 

 workers ...................................................... Collapse 

45-1012 YES Farm labor contractors ....................................... Collapse 

45-2000 YES Agricultural workers.............................................. Summary 

45-2011 YES Agricultural inspectors........................................ Line item 

45-2021 YES Animal breeders ................................................. Line item 

45-2041 YES Graders and sorters, agricultural products......... Line item 

45-2090 YES Miscellaneous agricultural workers .................... Summary 

45-2091 YES Agricultural equipment operators ..................... Line item 

45-2092 YES Farmworkers and laborers, crop, 

 nursery, and greenhouse........................... Line item 

45-2093 YES Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals............. Line item 

45-3000 YES Fishing and hunting workers ................................ Summary 

45-3011 YES Fishers and related fishing workers.................... Line item 

45-3021 YES Hunters and trappers.......................................... Line item 

45-4000 YES Forest, conservation, and logging workers........... Summary 

45-4011 YES Forest and conservation workers ....................... Line item 

45-4020 YES Logging workers ................................................. Summary 

45-4021 YES Fallers ............................................................ Line item 

45-4022 YES Logging equipment operators........................... Line item 

45-4023 YES Log graders and scalers................................... Line item 

45-9099 NO All other farming, fishing, and forestry 

 workers ...................................................... Line item 

47-0000 YES Construction and extraction occupations ............... Summary 

47-1000 YES Supervisors, construction and extraction 

 workers ...................................................... Summary 

47-1011 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 construction trades and extraction 

 workers ...................................................... Line item 

47-2000 YES Construction trades and related workers.............. Summary 

47-2011 YES Boilermakers ...................................................... Line item 

47-2020 YES Brickmasons, blockmasons, and 

 stonemasons ............................................. Summary 

47-2021 YES Brickmasons and blockmasons ....................... Line item 

47-2022 YES Stonemasons ................................................... Line item 

47-2031 YES Carpenters.......................................................... Line item 

47-2040 YES Carpet, floor, and tile installers and 

 finishers ..................................................... Summary 

47-2041 YES Carpet installers ............................................... Line item 

47-2042 YES Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and 

 hard tiles .................................................... Line item 

47-2043 YES Floor sanders and finishers.............................. Line item 

47-2044 YES Tile and marble setters..................................... Line item 

47-2050 YES Cement masons, concrete finishers, and 

 terrazzo workers ........................................ Summary 

47-2051 YES Cement masons and concrete finishers........... Line item 

47-2053 YES Terrazzo workers and finishers ........................ Line item 

47-2061 YES Construction laborers ......................................... Line item 

47-2070 YES Construction equipment operators ..................... Summary 

47-2071 YES Paving, surfacing, and tamping 

 equipment operators.................................. Line item 

47-2072 YES Pile-driver operators......................................... Line item 

47-2073 YES Operating engineers and other 

 construction equipment operators ............. Line item 

47-2080 YES Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, 

 and tapers.................................................. Summary 

47-2081 YES Drywall and ceiling tile installers....................... Line item 

47-2082 YES Tapers ............................................................ Line item 

47-2111 YES Electricians......................................................... Line item 

47-2121 YES Glaziers ............................................................ Line item 

47-2130 YES Insulation workers .............................................. Line item 

47-2140 YES Painters and paperhangers................................ Summary 

47-2141 YES Painters, construction and maintenance .......... Line item 

47-2142 YES Paperhangers................................................... Line item 

47-2150 YES Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and 

 steamfitters ................................................ Summary 

47-2151 YES Pipelayers......................................................... Line item 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

56

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

47-2152 YES Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........ Line item 

47-2161 YES Plasterers and stucco masons ...................... Line item 

47-2171 YES Reinforcing iron and rebar workers ............... Line item 

47-2181 YES Roofers ....................................................... Line item 

47-2211 YES Sheet metal workers...................................... Line item 

47-2221 YES Structural iron and steel workers................... Line item 

47-3000 YES Helpers, construction trades............................ Summary 

47-3010 YES Helpers, construction trades.......................... Summary 

47-3011 YES Helpers—nrickmasons, blockmasons, 

 stonemasons, and tile and marble 

 setters ................................................... Line item 

47-3012 YES Helpers—carpenters ................................... Line item 

47-3013 YES Helpers—-electricians ................................. Line item 

47-3014 YES Helpers—painters, paperhangers, 

 plasterers, and stucco masons............. Line item 

47-3015 YES Helpers—pipelayers, plumbers, 

 pipefitters, and steamfitters................... Line item 

47-3016 YES Helpers—roofers ......................................... Line item 

47-3019 YES All other helpers, construction trades.......... Line item 

47-4000 YES Other construction and related workers .......... Summary 

47-4011 YES Construction and building inspectors ............ Line item 

47-4021 YES Elevator installers and repairers.................... Line item 

47-4031 YES Fence erectors............................................... Line item 

47-4041 YES Hazardous materials removal workers.......... Line item 

47-4051 YES Highway maintenance workers...................... Line item 

47-4061 YES Rail-track laying and maintenance 

 equipment operators............................. Line item 

47-4071 YES Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe 

 cleaners ................................................ Line item 

47-4090 YES Miscellaneous construction and related 

 workers ................................................. Summary 

47-4091 YES Segmental pavers ....................................... Line item 

47-4999 NO All other construction trades and related 

 workers ................................................. Line item 

47-5000 YES Extraction workers........................................... Summary 

47-5010 YES Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit 

 operators, oil, gas, and mining.............. Summary 

47-5011 YES Derrick operators, oil and gas ..................... Line item 

47-5012 YES Rotary drill operators, oil and gas................ Line item 

47-5013 YES Service unit operators, oil, gas, and 

 mining ................................................... Line item 

47-5021 YES Earth drillers, except oil and gas ................... Line item 

47-5031 YES Explosives workers, ordnance handling 

 experts, and blasters............................. Line item 

47-5040 YES Mining machine operators ............................. Summary 

47-5041 YES Continuous mining machine operators........ Line item 

47-5042 YES Mine cutting and channeling machine 

 operators............................................... Line item 

47-5049 YES All other mining machine operators............. Line item 

47-5051 YES Rock splitters, quarry..................................... Line item 

47-5061 YES Roof bolters, mining ...................................... Line item 

47-5071 YES Roustabouts, oil and gas............................... Line item 

47-5081 YES Helpers—extraction workers ......................... Line item 

47-5099 YES Extraction workers, all other .......................... Line item 

49-0000 YES Installation, maintenance, and repair 

 occupations........................................... Summary 

49-1000 YES Supervisors of installation, maintenance, 

 and repair workers ................................ Summary 

49-1011 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 mechanics, installers, and repairers ..... Line item 

49-2000 YES Electrical and electronic equipment 

 mechanics, installers, and repairers ..... Summary 

49-2011 YES Computer, automated teller, and office 

 machine repairers ................................. Line item 

49-2020 YES Radio and telecommunications equipment 

 installers and repairers.......................... Summary 

49-2021 YES Radio mechanics......................................... Line item 

49-2022 YES Telecommunications equipment installers 

 and repairers, except line installers ...... Line item 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

49-2090 YES Miscellaneous electrical and electronic 

 equipment mechanics, installers, 

 and repairers.............................................. Summary 

49-2091 YES Avionics technicians......................................... Line item 

49-2092 YES Electric motor, power tool, and related 

 repairers..................................................... Line item 

49-2093 YES Electrical and electronics installers and 

 repairers, transportation 

 equipment.................................................. Line item 

49-2094 YES Electrical and electronics repairers, 

 commercial and industrial 

 equipment.................................................. Line item 

49-2095 YES Electrical and electronics repairers, 

 powerhouse, substation, and 

 relay ........................................................... Line item 

49-2096 YES Electronic equipment installers and 

 repairers, motor vehicles ........................... Line item 

49-2097 YES Electronic home entertainment 

 equipment installers and repairers............. Line item 

49-2098 YES Security and fire alarm systems 

 installers..................................................... Line item 

49-2099 NO All other electrical and electronic 

 equipment mechanics, installers, and 

 repairers..................................................... Line item 

49-3000 YES Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, 

 installers, and repairers ............................. Summary 

49-3011 YES Aircraft mechanics and service 

 technicians................................................. Line item 

49-3020 YES Automotive technicians and repairers ................ Summary 

49-3021 YES Automotive body and related repairers ............ Line item 

49-3022 YES Automotive glass installers and 

 repairers..................................................... Line item 

49-3023 YES Automotive service technicians and 

 mechanics.................................................. Line item 

49-3031 YES Bus and truck mechanics and diesel 

 engine specialists ...................................... Line item 

49-3040 YES Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment 

 service technicians and mechanics ........... Summary 

49-3041 YES Farm equipment mechanics............................. Line item 

49-3042 YES Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, 

 except engines........................................... Line item 

49-3043 YES Rail car repairers .............................................. Line item 

49-3050 YES Small engine mechanics .................................... Summary 

49-3051 YES Motorboat mechanics....................................... Line item 

49-3052 YES Motorcycle mechanics...................................... Line item 

49-3053 YES Outdoor power equipment and other 

 small engine mechanics ............................ Line item 

49-3090 YES Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile 

 equipment mechanics, installers, 

 and repairers.............................................. Summary 

49-3091 YES Bicycle repairers............................................... Line item 

49-3092 YES Recreational vehicle service technicians ......... Line item 

49-3093 YES Tire repairers and changers ............................. Line item 

49-3099 NO All other vehicle and mobile equipment 

 mechanics, installers, and 

 repairers..................................................... Line item 

49-9000 YES Other installation, maintenance, and repair 

 occupations................................................ Summary 

49-9010 YES Control and valve installers and repairers.......... Summary 

49-9011 YES Mechanical door repairers................................ Line item 

49-9012 YES Control and valve installers and 

 repairers, except mechanical door............. Line item 

49-9021 YES Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration 

 mechanics and installers ........................... Line item 

49-9031 YES Home appliance repairers .................................. Line item 

49-9040 YES Industrial machinery installation, repair, 

 and maintenance workers.......................... Summary 

49-9041 YES Industrial machinery mechanics....................... Line item 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

57

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

49-9042 YES Maintenance and repair workers, general ... Line item 

49-9043 YES Maintenance workers, machinery................ Line item 

49-9044 YES Millwrights.................................................... Line item 

49-9045 YES Refractory materials repairers, except 

 brickmasons.......................................... Line item 

49-9050 YES Line installers and repairers .......................... Summary 

49-9051 YES Electrical power-line installers and 

 repairers................................................ Line item 

49-9052 YES Telecommunications line installers and 

 repairers................................................ Line item 

49-9060 YES Precision instrument and equipment 

 repairers................................................ Summary 

49-9061 YES Camera and photographic equipment 

 repairers................................................ Line item 

49-9062 YES Medical equipment repairers ....................... Line item 

49-9063 YES Musical instrument repairers and tuners ..... Line item 

49-9064 YES Watch repairers........................................... Line item 

49-9069 YES All other precision instrument and 

 equipment repairers.............................. Line item 

49-9090 YES Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, 

 and repair workers ................................ Summary 

49-9091 YES Coin, vending, and amusement machine 

 servicers and repairers ......................... Line item 

49-9092 YES Commercial divers....................................... Line item 

49-9093 YES Fabric menders, except garment................. Line item 

49-9094 YES Locksmiths and safe repairers .................... Line item 

49-9095 YES Manufactured building and mobile home 

 installers................................................ Line item 

49-9096 YES Riggers ....................................................... Line item 

49-9097 YES Signal and track switch repairers ................ Line item 

49-9098 YES Helpers—Installation, maintenance, and 

 repair workers ....................................... Line item 

49-9099 YES Installation, maintenance, and repair 

 workers, all other................................... Line item 

51-0000 YES Production occupations..................................... Summary 

51-1000 YES Supervisors, production workers..................... Summary 

51-1011 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 production and operating workers......... Line item 

51-2000 YES Assemblers and fabricators............................. Summary 

51-2011 YES Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and 

 systems assemblers ............................. Line item 

51-2020 YES Electrical, electronics, and 

 electromechanical assemblers ............. Summary 

51-2021 YES Coil winders, tapers, and finishers .............. Line item 

51-2022 YES Electrical and electronic equipment 

 assemblers ........................................... Line item 

51-2023 YES Electromechanical equipment assemblers.. Line item 

51-2031 YES Engine and other machine assemblers......... Line item 

51-2041 YES Structural metal fabricators and fitters........... Line item 

51-2090 YES Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators ... Summary 

51-2091 YES Fiberglass laminators and fabricators ......... Line item 

51-2092 YES Team assemblers........................................ Line item 

51-2093 YES Timing device assemblers, adjusters, 

 and calibrators ...................................... Line item 

51-2099 YES All other assemblers and fabricators........... Line item 

51-3000 YES Food processing occupations.......................... Summary 

51-3011 YES Bakers ....................................................... Line item 

51-3020 YES Butchers and other meat, poultry, and 

 fish processing workers ........................ Summary 

51-3021 YES Butchers and meat cutters .......................... Line item 

51-3022 YES Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and 

 trimmers................................................ Line item 

51-3023 YES Slaughterers and meat packers .................. Line item 

51-3090 YES Miscellaneous food processing workers........ Summary 

51-3091 YES Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and 

 drying machine operators and 

 tenders.................................................. Line item 

51-3092 YES Food batchmakers....................................... Line item 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

51-3093 YES Food cooking machine operators and 

 tenders....................................................... Line item 

51-3099 NO All other food processing workers...................... Line item 

51-4000 YES Metal workers and plastic workers ....................... Summary 

51-4010 YES Computer control programmers and 

 operators.................................................... Summary 

51-4011 YES Computer-controlled machine tool 

 operators, metal and plastic....................... Line item 

51-4012 YES Numerical tool and process control 

 programmers ............................................. Line item 

51-4020 YES Forming machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders, metal and plastic.......................... Summary 

51-4021 YES Extruding and drawing machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and 

 plastic......................................................... Line item 

51-4022 YES Forging machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders, metal and plastic.......................... Line item 

51-4023 YES Rolling machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders, metal and plastic.......................... Line item 

51-4030 YES Machine tool cutting setters, operators, 

 and tenders, metal and plastic................... Summary 

51-4031 YES Cutting, punching, and press machine 

 setters, operators, and tenders, 

 metal and plastic........................................ Line item 

51-4032 YES Drilling and boring machine tool setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and 

 plastic......................................................... Line item 

51-4033 YES Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing 

 machine tool setters, operators, 

 and tenders, metal and plastic................... Line item 

51-4034 YES Lathe and turning machine tool setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and 

 plastic......................................................... Line item 

51-4035 YES Milling and planing machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and 

 plastic......................................................... Line item 

51-4041 YES Machinists .......................................................... Line item 

51-4050 YES Metal furnace and kiln operators and 

 tenders....................................................... Summary 

51-4051 YES Metal-refining furnace operators and 

 tenders....................................................... Line item 

51-4052 YES Pourers and casters, metal .............................. Line item 

51-4060 YES Model makers and patternmakers, metal 

 and plastic.................................................. Summary 

51-4061 YES Model makers, metal and plastic...................... Line item 

51-4062 YES Patternmakers, metal and plastic..................... Line item 

51-4070 YES Molders and molding machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and 

 plastic......................................................... Summary 

51-4071 YES Foundry mold and coremakers......................... Line item 

51-4072 YES Molding, coremaking, and casting 

 machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders, metal and plastic.......................... Line item 

51-4081 YES Multiple machine tool setters, operators, 

 and tenders, metal and plastic................... Line item 

51-4111 YES Tool and die makers........................................... Line item 

51-4120 YES Welding, soldering, and brazing workers ........... Summary 

51-4121 YES Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers ......... Line item 

51-4122 YES Welding, soldering, and brazing 

 machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders....................................................... Line item 

51-4190 YES Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic 

 workers ...................................................... Summary 

51-4191 YES Heat treating equipment setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and 

 plastic......................................................... Line item 

51-4192 YES Lay-out workers, metal and plastic................... Line item 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

58

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

51-4193 YES Plating and coating machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and 

 plastic.................................................... Line item 

51-4194 YES Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners........... Line item 

51-4199 YES All other metal workers and plastic 

 workers ................................................. Line item 

51-5000 YES Printing occupations........................................ Summary 

51-5010 YES Bookbinders and bindery workers ................. Summary 

51-5011 YES Bindery workers........................................... Line item 

51-5012 YES Bookbinders ................................................ Line item 

51-5020 YES Printers ....................................................... Summary 

51-5021 YES Job printers.................................................. Line item 

51-5022 YES Prepress technicians and workers .............. Line item 

51-5023 YES Printing machine operators ......................... Line item 

51-5099 NO All other printing workers............................... Line item 

51-6000 YES Textile, apparel, and furnishings 

 occupations........................................... Summary 

51-6011 YES Laundry and dry-cleaning workers ................ Line item 

51-6021 YES Pressers, textile, garment, and related 

 materials ............................................... Line item 

51-6031 YES Sewing machine operators............................ Line item 

51-6040 YES Shoe and leather workers ............................. Summary 

51-6041 YES Shoe and leather workers and repairers ..... Line item 

51-6042 YES Shoe machine operators and tenders ......... Line item 

51-6050 YES Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers................. Summary 

51-6051 YES Sewers, hand............................................... Line item 

51-6052 YES Tailors, dressmakers, and custom 

 sewers................................................... Line item 

51-6060 YES Textile machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders.................................................. Summary 

51-6061 YES Textile bleaching and dyeing machine 

 operators and tenders........................... Line item 

51-6062 YES Textile cutting machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders.......................... Line item 

51-6063 YES Textile knitting and weaving machine 

 setters, operators, and tenders............. Line item 

51-6064 YES Textile winding, twisting, and drawing 

 out machine setters, operators, 

 and tenders........................................... Line item 

51-6090 YES Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and 

 furnishings workers............................... Summary 

51-6091 YES Extruding and forming machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, synthetic 

 and glass fibers..................................... Line item 

51-6092 YES Fabric and apparel patternmakers .............. Line item 

51-6093 YES Upholsterers ................................................ Line item 

51-6099 YES All other textile, apparel, and 

 furnishings workers............................... Line item 

51-7000 YES Woodworkers .................................................. Summary 

51-7011 YES Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters .......... Line item 

51-7021 YES Furniture finishers.......................................... Line item 

51-7030 YES Model makers and patternmakers, wood ...... Summary 

51-7031 YES Model makers, wood ................................... Line item 

51-7032 YES Patternmakers, wood .................................. Line item 

51-7040 YES Woodworking machine setters, operators, 

 and tenders........................................... Summary 

51-7041 YES Sawing machine setters, operators, 

 and tenders, wood ................................ Line item 

51-7042 YES Woodworking machine setters, operators, 

 operators, and tenders, except sawing. Line item 

51-7099 YES All other woodworkers ................................... Line item 

51-8000 YES Plant and system operators............................. Summary 

51-8010 YES Power plant operators, distributors, and 

 dispatchers............................................ Summary 

51-8011 YES Nuclear power reactor operators................. Line item 

51-8012 YES Power distributors and dispatchers ............. Line item 

51-8013 YES Power plant operators ................................. Line item 

51-8021 YES Stationary engineers and boiler operators..... Line item 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

51-8031 YES Water and liquid waste treatment plant 

 and system operators ................................ Line item 

51-8090 YES Miscellaneous plant and system operators ........ Summary 

51-8091 YES Chemical plant and system operators.............. Line item 

51-8092 YES Gas plant operators.......................................... Line item 

51-8093 YES Petroleum pump system operators, 

 refinery operators, and gaugers................. Line item 

51-8099 YES All other plant and system operators................ Line item 

51-9000 YES Other production occupations .............................. Summary 

51-9010 YES Chemical processing machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders............................... Summary 

51-9011 YES Chemical equipment operators and 

 tenders....................................................... Line item 

51-9012 YES Separating, filtering, clarifying, 

 precipitating, and still machine 

 setters, operators, and tenders.................. Line item 

51-9020 YES Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, 

 and blending workers................................. Summary 

51-9021 YES Crushing, grinding, and polishing 

 machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders....................................................... Line item 

51-9022 YES Grinding and polishing workers, hand.............. Line item 

51-9023 YES Mixing and blending machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders............................... Line item 

51-9030 YES Cutting workers .................................................. Summary 

51-9031 YES Cutters and trimmers, hand.............................. Line item 

51-9032 YES Cutting and slicing machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders............................... Line item 

51-9041 YES Extruding, forming, pressing, and 

 compacting machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders............................... Line item 

51-9051 YES Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle 

 operators and tenders................................ Line item 

51-9061 YES Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, 

 and weighers.............................................. Line item 

51-9071 YES Jewelers and precious stone and metal 

 workers ...................................................... Line item 

51-9080 YES Medical, dental, and ophthalmic 

 laboratory technicians................................ Summary 

51-9081 YES Dental laboratory technicians ........................... Line item 

51-9082 YES Medical appliance technicians.......................... Line item 

51-9083 YES Ophthalmic laboratory technicians ................... Line item 

51-9111 YES Packaging and filling machine operators 

 and tenders................................................ Line item 

51-9120 YES Painting workers................................................. Summary 

51-9121 YES Coating, painting, and spraying machine 

 setters, operators, and tenders.................. Line item 

51-9122 YES Painters, transportation equipment .................. Line item 

51-9123 YES Painting, coating, and decorating workers ....... Line item 

51-9130 YES Photographic process workers and 

 processing machine operators................... Summary 

51-9131 YES Photographic process workers......................... Line item 

51-9132 YES Photographic processing machine 

 operators.................................................... Line item 

51-9141 YES Semiconductor processors................................. Line item 

51-9190 YES Miscellaneous production workers ..................... Summary 

51-9191 YES Cementing and gluing machine 

 operators and tenders................................ Line item 

51-9192 YES Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling 

 equipment operators and tenders.............. Line item 

51-9193 YES Cooling and freezing equipment 

 operators and tenders................................ Line item 

51-9194 YES Etchers and engravers ..................................... Line item 

51-9195 YES Molders, shapers, and casters, except 

 metal and plastic........................................ Line item 

51-9196 YES Paper goods machine setters, operators, 

 and tenders................................................ Line item 

51-9197 YES Tire builders...................................................... Line item 
Table II-1. National employment matrix occupational directory, 2002Continued

59

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

51-9198 YES Helpers—production workers...................... Line item 

51-9199 YES All other production workers........................ Line item 

53-0000 YES Transportation and material moving 

 occupations........................................... Summary 

53-1000 YES Supervisors, transportation and material 

 moving workers..................................... Summary 

53-1011 YES Aircraft cargo handling supervisors............... Line item 

53-1021 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 helpers, laborers, and material 

 movers, hand ........................................ Line item 

53-1031 YES First-line supervisors/managers of 

 transportation and material-moving 

 machine and vehicle operators............. Line item 

53-2000 YES Air transportation occupations......................... Summary 

53-2010 YES Aircraft pilots and flight engineers ................. Summary 

53-2011 YES Airline pilots, copilots, and flight 

 engineers .............................................. Line item 

53-2012 YES Commercial pilots........................................ Line item 

53-2020 YES Air traffic controllers and airfield 

 operations specialists ........................... Summary 

53-2021 YES Air traffic controllers..................................... Line item 

53-2022 YES Airfield operations specialists...................... Line item 

53-2099 NO All other air transportation workers ............... Line item 

53-3000 YES Motor vehicle operators................................... Summary 

53-3011 YES Ambulance drivers and attendants, except 

 emergency medical technicians............ Line item 

53-3020 YES Bus drivers .................................................... Summary 

53-3021 YES Bus drivers, transit and intercity .................. Line item 

53-3022 YES Bus drivers, school ...................................... Line item 

53-3030 YES Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .......... Summary 

53-3031 YES Driver/sales workers.................................... Line item 

53-3032 YES Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........ Line item 

53-3033 YES Truck drivers, light or delivery services ....... Line item 

53-3041 YES Taxi drivers and chauffeurs ........................... Line item 

53-3099 YES All other motor vehicle operators................... Line item 

53-4000 YES Rail transportation occupations....................... Summary 

53-4010 YES Locomotive engineers and operators............ Rollup 

53-4011 YES Locomotive engineers ................................. Collapse 

53-4012 YES Locomotive firers......................................... Collapse 

53-4013 YES Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, 

 and hostlers .......................................... Collapse 

53-4021 YES Railroad brake, signal, and switch 

 operators............................................... Line item 

53-4031 YES Railroad conductors and yardmasters........... Line item 

53-4039 NO Subway, streetcar operators, and all 

 other rail transportation workers ........... Rollup 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

SOC 

code? 

Matrix occupation title Occupation 

type 

53-4041 YES Subway and streetcar operators....................... Collapse 

53-4099 YES Rail transportation workers, all other................ Collapse 

53-5000 YES Water transportation occupations ........................ Summary 

53-5011 YES Sailors and marine oilers.................................... Line item 

53-5020 YES Ship and boat captains and operators................ Summary 

53-5021 YES Captains, mates, and pilots of water 

 vessels....................................................... Line item 

53-5022 YES Motorboat operators ......................................... Line item 

53-5031 YES Ship engineers ................................................... Line item 

53-5099 NO All other water transportation workers................ Line item 

53-6000 YES Other transportation workers................................ Summary 

53-6011 YES Bridge and lock tenders...................................... Line item 

53-6021 YES Parking lot attendants......................................... Line item 

53-6031 YES Service station attendants.................................. Line item 

53-6041 YES Traffic technicians .............................................. Line item 

53-6051 YES Transportation inspectors................................... Line item 

53-6099 YES All other related transportation workers.............. Line item 

53-7000 YES Material moving occupations................................ Summary 

53-7011 YES Conveyor operators and tenders........................ Line item 

53-7021 YES Crane and tower operators................................. Line item 

53-7030 YES Dredge, excavating, and loading 

 machine operators..................................... Summary 

53-7031 YES Dredge operators ............................................. Line item 

53-7032 YES Excavating and loading machine and 

 dragline operators...................................... Line item 

53-7033 YES Loading machine operators, 

 underground mining................................... Line item 

53-7041 YES Hoist and winch operators.................................. Line item 

53-7051 YES Industrial truck and tractor operators.................. Line item 

53-7060 YES Laborers and material movers, hand.................. Summary 

53-7061 YES Cleaners of vehicles and equipment ................ Line item 

53-7062 YES Laborers and freight, stock, and 

 material movers, hand ............................... Line item 

53-7063 YES Machine feeders and offbearers....................... Line item 

53-7064 YES Packers and packagers, hand.......................... Line item 

53-7070 YES Pumping station operators ................................. Summary 

53-7071 YES Gas compressor and gas pumping 

 station operators ........................................ Line item 

53-7072 YES Pump operators, except wellhead 

 pumpers..................................................... Line item 

53-7073 YES Wellhead pumpers ........................................... Line item 

53-7081 YES Refuse and recyclable material collectors.......... Line item 

53-7111 YES Shuttle car operators .......................................... Line item 

53-7121 YES Tank car, truck, and ship loaders....................... Line item 

53-7199 YES Material moving workers, all other...................... Line item 
Table II-2. National employment matrix industry directory, 2002

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

000001 NO Total employment, all jobs .................................... Summary 

006700 NO Total self-employed and unpaid family 

 workers, all jobs .................................... Summary 

006701 NO Total self-employed and unpaid family 

 workers, primary job.............................. Summary 

006702 NO Total self-employed and unpaid family 

 workers, secondary job......................... Summary 

000600 NO Self-employed workers, all jobs .......................... Summary 

000601 NO Self-employed workers, primary job.................. Detail 

000602 NO Self-employed workers, secondary job ............. Detail 

000700 NO Unpaid family workers, all jobs............................ Summary 

000701 NO Unpaid family workers, primary job ................... Detail 

000702 NO Unpaid family workers, secondary job............... Detail 

000510 NO Wage and salary workers, second job in 

 agricultural production, forestry, 

 fishing, and private households ............ Detail 

000520 NO Wage and salary workers, all industries 

 except second job in agricultural 

 production, forestry, fishing, and 

 private households................................ Summary 

110000 YES Agriculture, forestry, fishing and 

 hunting1

................................................. Summary 

111000 YES Crop production1

............................................ Detail 

112000 YES Animal production1 ........................................ Detail 

113000 YES Forestry and logging...................................... Summary 

113132 NO Forestry1

....................................................... Detail 

113300 YES Logging ....................................................... Detail 

114000 YES Fishing, hunting, and trapping1

...................... Detail 

115000 YES Support activities for agriculture and 

 forestry1

................................................. Detail 

210000 YES Mining ....................................................... Summary 

211000 YES Oil and gas extraction.................................... Summary 

211100 YES Oil and gas extraction.................................. Detail 

212000 YES Mining (except oil and gas)............................ Summary 

212100 YES Coal mining ................................................. Detail 

212200 YES Metal ore mining.......................................... Detail 

212300 YES Nonmetallic mineral mining and 

 quarrying ............................................... Detail 

213000 YES Support activities for mining .......................... Summary 

213100 YES Support activities for mining ........................ Detail 

230000 YES Construction .................................................... Summary 

236000 YES Construction of buildings............................... Summary 

236100 YES Residential building construction................. Detail 

236200 YES Nonresidential building construction............ Detail 

237000 YES Heavy and civil engineering construction ...... Summary 

237100 YES Utility system construction........................... Detail 

237200 YES Land subdivision.......................................... Detail 

237300 YES Highway, street, and bridge construction .... Detail 

237900 YES Other heavy and civil engineering 

 construction........................................... Detail 

238000 YES Specialty trade contractors............................ Summary 

238100 YES Foundation, structure, and building 

 exterior contractors ............................... Detail 

238200 YES Building equipment contractors................... Detail 

238300 YES Building finishing contractors....................... Detail 

238900 YES Other specialty trade contractors................. Detail 

31-330 NO Manufacturing.................................................... Summary 

311000 YES Food manufacturing ...................................... Summary 

311100 YES Animal food manufacturing.......................... Detail 

311200 YES Grain and oilseed milling............................. Detail 

311300 YES Sugar and confectionery product 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

311400 YES Fruit and vegetable preserving and 

 specialty food manufacturing ................ Detail 

311500 YES Dairy product manufacturing ....................... Detail 

311600 YES Animal slaughtering and processing ........... Detail 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

311700 YES Seafood product preparation and 

 packaging ............................................. Detail 

311800 YES Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing............. Detail 

311900 YES Other food manufacturing............................ Detail 

312000 YES Beverage and tobacco product 

 manufacturing....................................... Summary 

312100 YES Beverage manufacturing ............................. Detail 

312200 YES Tobacco manufacturing............................... Detail 

313000 YES Textile mills.................................................... Summary 

313100 YES Fiber, yarn, and thread mills........................ Detail 

313200 YES Fabric mills .................................................. Detail 

313300 YES Textile and fabric finishing and fabric 

 coating mills.......................................... Detail 

314000 YES Textile product mills....................................... Summary 

314100 YES Textile furnishings mills ............................... Detail 

314900 YES Other textile product mills............................ Detail 

315000 YES Apparel manufacturing .................................. Summary 

315100 YES Apparel knitting mills ................................... Detail 

315200 YES Cut and sew apparel manufacturing............ Detail 

315900 YES Apparel accessories and other 

 apparel manufacturing.......................... Detail 

316000 YES Leather and allied product 

 manufacturing....................................... Summary 

316200 YES Footwear manufacturing.............................. Detail 

321000 YES Wood product manufacturing........................ Summary 

321100 YES Sawmills and wood preservation................. Detail 

321200 YES Veneer, plywood, and engineered 

 wood product manufacturing ................ Detail 

321900 YES Other wood product manufacturing............. Detail 

322000 YES Paper manufacturing..................................... Summary 

322100 YES Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills .............. Detail 

322200 YES Converted paper product 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

323000 YES Printing and related support activities ........... Summary 

323100 YES Printing and related support activities ......... Detail 

324000 YES Petroleum and coal products 

 manufacturing....................................... Summary 

324100 YES Petroleum and coal products 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

325000 YES Chemical manufacturing ............................... Summary 

325100 YES Basic chemical manufacturing .................... Detail 

325200 YES Resin, synthetic rubber, and 

 artificial synthetic fibers and 

 filaments manufacturing........................ Detail 

325300 YES Pesticide, fertilizer, and other 

 agricultural chemical manufacturing ..... Detail 

325400 YES Pharmaceutical and medicine 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

325500 YES Paint, coating, and adhesive 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

325600 YES Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet 

 preparation manufacturing.................... Detail 

325900 YES Other chemical product and preparation 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

326000 YES Plastics and rubber products 

 manufacturing....................................... Summary 

326100 YES Plastics product manufacturing ................... Detail 

326200 YES Rubber product manufacturing.................... Detail 

327000 YES Nonmetallic mineral product 

 manufacturing....................................... Summary 

327100 YES Clay product and refractory 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

327200 YES Glass and glass product manufacturing...... Detail 

327300 YES Cement and concrete product 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

331000 YES Primary metal manufacturing ........................ Summary 

60
Table II-2. National employment matrix industry directory, 2002Continued 

 61

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

331100 YES Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

331200 YES Steel product manufacturing from 

 purchased steel..................................... Detail 

331300 YES Alumina and aluminum production and 

 processing............................................. Detail 

331400 YES Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) 

 production and processing.................... Detail 

331500 YES Foundries..................................................... Detail 

332000 YES Fabricated metal product manufacturing....... Summary 

332100 YES Forging and stamping.................................. Detail 

332200 YES Cutlery and handtool manufacturing............ Detail 

332300 YES Architectural and structural metals 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

332400 YES Boiler, tank, and shipping container 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

332500 YES Hardware manufacturing ............................. Detail 

332600 YES Spring and wire product manufacturing....... Detail 

332700 YES Machine shops; turned product; and 

 screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing....... Detail 

332800 YES Coating, engraving, heat treating, 

 and allied activities................................ Detail 

332900 YES Other fabricated metal product 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

333000 YES Machinery manufacturing .............................. Summary 

333100 YES Agriculture, construction, and mining 

 machinery manufacturing...................... Detail 

333200 YES Industrial machinery manufacturing............. Detail 

333300 YES Commercial and service industry 

 machinery manufacturing...................... Detail 

333400 YES Ventilation, heating, air-conditioning, 

 and commercial refrigeration 

 equipment manufacturing ..................... Detail 

333500 YES Metalworking machinery manufacturing...... Detail 

333600 YES Engine, turbine, and power transmission 

 equipment manufacturing ..................... Detail 

333900 YES Other general purpose machinery 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

334000 YES Computer and electronic product 

 manufacturing ....................................... Summary 

334100 YES Computer and peripheral equipment 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

334200 YES Communications equipment 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

334300 YES Audio and video equipment 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

334400 YES Semiconductor and other electronic 

 component manufacturing .................... Detail 

334500 YES Navigational, measuring, 

 electromedical, and control 

 instruments manufacturing ................... Detail 

334600 YES Manufacturing and reproducing 

 magnetic and optical media.................. Detail 

335000 YES Electrical equipment, appliance, and 

 component manufacturing .................... Summary 

335100 YES Electric lighting equipment 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

335200 YES Household appliance manufacturing........... Detail 

335300 YES Electrical equipment manufacturing ............ Detail 

335900 YES Other electrical equipment and 

 component manufacturing .................... Detail 

336000 YES Transportation equipment 

 manufacturing ....................................... Summary 

336100 YES Motor vehicle manufacturing ....................... Detail 

336200 YES Motor vehicle body and trailer 

 manufacturing ....................................... Detail 

336300 YES Motor vehicle parts manufacturing .............. Detail 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

336400 YES Aerospace product and parts 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

336500 YES Railroad rolling stock manufacturing........... Detail 

336600 YES Ship and boat building................................. Detail 

336900 YES Other transportation equipment 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

337000 YES Furniture and related product 

 manufacturing....................................... Summary 

337100 YES Household and institutional furniture 

 and kitchen cabinet manufacturing....... Detail 

337200 YES Office furniture (including fixtures) 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

337900 YES Other furniture related product 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

339000 YES Miscellaneous manufacturing........................ Summary 

339100 YES Medical equipment and supplies 

 manufacturing....................................... Detail 

339900 YES Other miscellaneous manufacturing............ Detail 

420000 YES Wholesale trade .............................................. Summary 

423000 YES Merchant wholesalers, durable goods........... Summary 

423100 YES Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts 

 and supplies merchant wholesalers...... Detail 

423200 YES Furniture and home furnishing 

 merchant wholesalers........................... Detail 

423300 YES Lumber and other construction 

 materials merchant wholesalers ........... Detail 

423400 YES Professional and commercial 

 equipment and supplies merchant 

 wholesalers........................................... Detail 

423500 YES Metal and mineral (except petroleum) 

 merchant wholesalers........................... Detail 

423600 YES Electrical and electronic goods merchant 

 wholesalers........................................... Detail 

423700 YES Hardware, and plumbing and heating 

 equipment and supplies merchant 

 wholesalers........................................... Detail 

423800 YES Machinery, equipment, and supplies 

 merchant wholesalers........................... Detail 

423900 YES Miscellaneous durable goods merchant 

 wholesalers........................................... Detail 

424000 YES Merchant wholesalers, nondurable 

 goods .................................................... Summary 

424100 YES Paper and paper product merchant 

 wholesalers........................................... Detail 

424200 YES Drugs and druggists' sundries 

 merchant wholesalers........................... Detail 

424300 YES Apparel, piece goods, and notions 

 merchant wholesalers........................... Detail 

424400 YES Grocery and related product wholesalers.... Detail 

424500 YES Farm product raw material merchant 

 wholesalers........................................... Detail 

424600 YES Chemical and allied products 

 merchant wholesalers........................... Detail 

424700 YES Petroleum and petroleum products 

 merchant wholesalers........................... Detail 

424800 YES Beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic 

 beverage merchant wholesalers........... Detail 

424900 YES Miscellaneous nondurable goods 

 merchant wholesalers........................... Detail 

425000 YES Wholesale electronic markets and 

 agents and brokers............................... Summary 

425100 YES Wholesale electronic markets and 

 agents and brokers............................... Detail 

44-450 NO Retail trade ....................................................... Summary 

441000 YES Motor vehicle and parts dealers .................... Summary 

441100 YES Automobile dealers...................................... Detail 

441200 YES Other motor vehicle dealers ........................ Detail 
Table II-2. National employment matrix industry directory, 2002Continued 

 62

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

 

441300 YES Automotive parts, accessories, and tire 

 stores .................................................... Detail 

442000 YES Furniture and home furnishings stores.......... Summary 

442100 YES Furniture stores ........................................... Detail 

442200 YES Home furnishings stores.............................. Detail 

443000 YES Electronics and appliance stores................... Summary 

443100 YES Electronics and appliance stores................. Detail 

444000 YES Building material and garden equipment 

 and supplies dealers............................. Summary 

444100 YES Building material and supplies dealers........ Detail 

444200 YES Lawn and garden equipment and 

 supplies stores...................................... Detail 

445000 YES Food and beverage stores............................. Summary 

445100 YES Grocery stores............................................. Detail 

445200 YES Specialty food stores ................................... Detail 

445300 YES Beer, wine, and liquor stores....................... Detail 

446000 YES Health and personal care stores ................... Summary 

446100 YES Health and personal care stores ................. Detail 

447000 YES Gasoline stations........................................... Summary 

447100 YES Gasoline stations......................................... Detail 

448000 YES Clothing and clothing accessories stores...... Summary 

448100 YES Clothing stores ............................................ Detail 

448200 YES Shoe stores ................................................. Detail 

448300 YES Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods 

 stores .................................................... Detail 

451000 YES Sporting goods, hobby, book, and 

 music stores.......................................... Summary 

451100 YES Sporting goods, hobby, and musical 

 instrument stores .................................. Detail 

451200 YES Book, periodical, and music stores ............. Detail 

452000 YES General merchandise stores ......................... Summary 

452100 YES Department stores....................................... Detail 

452900 YES Other general merchandise stores.............. Detail 

453000 YES Miscellaneous store retailers......................... Summary 

453100 YES Florists ....................................................... Detail 

453200 YES Office supplies, stationery, and gift 

 stores .................................................... Detail 

453300 YES Used merchandise stores............................ Detail 

453900 YES Other miscellaneous store retailers............. Detail 

454000 YES Nonstore retailers .......................................... Summary 

454100 YES Electronic shopping and mail-order 

 houses .................................................. Detail 

454200 YES Vending machine operators ........................ Detail 

454300 YES Direct selling establishments....................... Detail 

48-490 NO Transportation and warehousing....................... Summary 

481000 YES Air transportation ........................................... Summary 

481100 YES Scheduled air transportation ....................... Detail 

481200 YES Nonscheduled air transportation ................. Detail 

482000 YES Rail transportation ......................................... Summary 

482100 YES Rail transportation ....................................... Detail 

483000 YES Water transportation...................................... Summary 

483100 YES Deep sea, coastal, and great lakes 

 water transportation .............................. Detail 

483200 YES Inland water transportation.......................... Detail 

484000 YES Truck transportation ...................................... Summary 

484100 YES General freight trucking............................... Detail 

484200 YES Specialized freight trucking ......................... Detail 

485000 YES Transit and ground passenger 

 transportation........................................ Summary 

485100 YES Urban transit systems.................................. Detail 

485200 YES Interurban and rural bus transportation ....... Detail 

485300 YES Taxi and limousine service.......................... Detail 

485400 YES School and employee bus transportation .... Detail 

485500 YES Charter bus industry .................................... Detail 

485900 YES Other transit and ground passenger 

 transportation........................................ Detail 

486000 YES Pipeline transportation................................... Detail 

487000 YES Scenic and sightseeing transportation .......... Detail 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

 

488000 YES Support activities for transportation............... Summary 

488100 YES Support activities for air transportation........ Detail 

488300 YES Support activities for water 

 transportation........................................ Detail 

488400 YES Support activities for road 

 transportation........................................ Detail 

488500 YES Freight transportation arrangement............. Detail 

492000 YES Couriers and messengers ............................. Summary 

492100 YES Couriers....................................................... Detail 

492200 YES Local messengers and local delivery .......... Detail 

493000 YES Warehousing and storage............................. Summary 

493100 YES Warehousing and storage........................... Detail 

220000 YES Utilities ....................................................... Summary 

221000 YES Utilities ....................................................... Summary 

221100 YES Electric power generation, transmission, 

 and distribution ..................................... Detail 

221200 YES Natural gas distribution................................ Detail 

221300 YES Water, sewage, and other systems............. Detail 

510000 YES Information ...................................................... Summary 

511000 YES Publishing industries (except Internet) .......... Summary 

511100 YES Newspaper, periodical, book, and 

 directory publishers............................... Detail 

511200 YES Software publishers..................................... Detail 

512000 YES Motion picture and sound recording 

 industries .............................................. Summary 

512100 YES Motion picture and video industries............. Detail 

512200 YES Sound recording industries.......................... Detail 

515000 YES Broadcasting (except Internet) ...................... Summary 

515100 YES Radio and television broadcasting .............. Detail 

515200 YES Cable and other subscription 

 programming......................................... Detail 

516000 YES Internet publishing and broadcasting ............ Summary 

516100 YES Internet publishing and broadcasting .......... Detail 

517000 YES Telecommunications ..................................... Summary 

517100 YES Wired telecommunications carriers............. Detail 

517200 YES Wireless telecommunications carriers 

 (except satellite).................................... Detail 

517300 YES Telecommunications resellers..................... Detail 

517500 YES Cable and other program distribution.......... Detail 

518000 YES Internet service providers, web search 

 portals, and data processing services .. Summary 

518100 YES Internet service providers and web 

 search portals ....................................... Detail 

518200 YES Data processing, hosting, and related 

 services................................................. Detail 

519000 YES Other information services ............................ Summary 

519100 YES Other information services .......................... Detail 

520000 YES Finance and insurance.................................... Summary 

521000 YES Monetary authorities—central bank............... Summary 

521100 YES Monetary authorities—central bank............. Detail 

522000 YES Credit intermediation and related 

 activities................................................ Summary 

522100 YES Depository credit intermediation.................. Detail 

522200 YES Nondepository credit intermediation............ Detail 

522300 YES Activities related to credit 

 intermediation ....................................... Detail 

523000 YES Securities, commodity contracts, and 

 other financial investments and 

 related activities.................................... Summary 

523900 YES Other financial investment activities............ Detail 

524000 YES Insurance carriers and related activities........ Summary 

524100 YES Insurance carriers........................................ Detail 

524200 YES Agencies, brokerages, and other 

 insurance related activities ................... Detail 

525000 YES Funds, trusts, and other financial 

 vehicles................................................. Summary 

525100 YES Insurance and employee benefit 

 funds ..................................................... Detail 
Table II-2. National employment matrix industry directory, 2002Continued 

 63

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

 

525900 YES Other investment pools and funds............... Detail 

530000 YES Real estate and rental and leasing.................. Summary 

531000 YES Real estate .................................................... Summary 

531100 YES Lessors of real estate .................................. Detail 

531200 YES Offices of real estate agents and 

 brokers.................................................. Detail 

531300 YES Activities related to real estate .................... Detail 

532000 YES Rental and leasing services .......................... Summary 

532100 YES Automotive equipment rental and 

 leasing................................................... Detail 

532200 YES Consumer goods rental ............................... Detail 

532300 YES General rental centers................................. Detail 

532400 YES Commercial and industrial machinery 

 and equipment rental and leasing......... Detail 

533000 YES Lessors of nonfinancial intangible 

 assets (except copyrighted works)........ Summary 

533100 YES Lessors of nonfinancial intangible 

 assets (except copyrighted works)........ Detail 

540000 YES Professional, scientific, and technical 

 services................................................. Summary 

541000 YES Professional, scientific, and technical 

 services................................................. Summary 

541100 YES Legal services ............................................. Detail 

541200 YES Accounting, tax preparation, 

 bookkeeping, and payroll services........ Detail 

541300 YES Architectural, engineering, and related 

 services................................................. Detail 

541400 YES Specialized design services ........................ Detail 

541500 YES Computer systems design and related 

 services................................................. Detail 

541600 YES Management, scientific, and technical 

 consulting services ............................... Detail 

541700 YES Scientific research and development 

 services................................................. Detail 

541800 YES Advertising and related services ................. Detail 

541900 YES Other professional, scientific, and 

 technical services ................................. Detail 

550000 YES Management of companies and 

 enterprises ............................................ Summary 

551000 YES Management of companies and 

 enterprises ............................................ Summary 

551100 YES Management of companies and 

 enterprises ............................................ Detail 

560000 YES Administrative and support and waste 

 management and remediation 

 services................................................. Summary 

561000 YES Administrative and support services.............. Summary 

561100 YES Office administrative services...................... Detail 

561200 YES Facilities support services ........................... Detail 

561300 YES Employment services .................................. Detail 

561400 YES Business support services........................... Detail 

561500 YES Travel arrangement and reservation 

 services................................................. Detail 

561600 YES Investigation and security services.............. Detail 

561700 YES Services to buildings and dwellings............. Detail 

561900 YES Other support services ................................ Detail 

562000 YES Waste management and remediation 

 services................................................. Summary 

562100 YES Waste collection.......................................... Detail 

562200 YES Waste treatment and disposal..................... Detail 

562900 YES Remediation and other waste 

 management services........................... Detail 

610000 YES Educational services, private........................... Summary 

611000 YES Educational services, private......................... Detail 

620000 YES Health care and social assistance................... Summary 

621000 YES Ambulatory health care services ................... Summary 

621100 YES Offices of physicians.................................... Detail 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

621200 YES Offices of dentists........................................ Detail 

621300 YES Offices of other health practitioners............. Detail 

621400 YES Outpatient care centers............................... Detail 

621500 YES Medical and diagnostic laboratories............ Detail 

621600 YES Home health care services.......................... Detail 

621900 YES Other ambulatory health care services........ Detail 

622000 YES Hospitals, private........................................... Detail 

623000 YES Nursing and residential care facilities............ Summary 

623100 YES Nursing care facilities .................................. Detail 

623200 YES Residential mental retardation, mental 

 health and substance abuse facilities... Detail 

623300 YES Community care facilities for the elderly...... Detail 

623900 YES Other residential care facilities .................... Detail 

624000 YES Social assistance........................................... Summary 

624100 YES Individual and family services...................... Detail 

624200 YES Community food and housing, and 

 emergency and other relief services..... Detail 

624300 YES Vocational rehabilitation services................ Detail 

624400 YES Child day care services ............................... Detail 

710000 YES Arts, entertainment, and recreation................. Summary 

711000 YES Performing arts, spectator sports, and 

 related industries .................................. Summary 

711100 YES Performing arts companies ......................... Detail 

711200 YES Spectator sports .......................................... Detail 

711500 YES Independent artists, writers, and 

 performers ............................................ Detail 

712000 YES Museums, historical sites, and similar 

 institutions............................................. Summary 

712100 YES Museums, historical sites, and similar 

 institutions............................................. Detail 

713000 YES Amusement, gambling, and recreation 

 industries .............................................. Summary 

713100 YES Amusement parks and arcades .................. Detail 

713200 YES Gambling industries..................................... Detail 

713900 YES Other amusement and recreation 

 industries .............................................. Detail 

720000 YES Accommodation and food services ................. Summary 

721000 YES Accommodation ............................................ Summary 

721200 YES RV (recreational vehicle) parks and 

 recreational camps ............................... Detail 

722000 YES Food services and drinking places................ Summary 

722100 YES Full-service restaurants............................... Detail 

722200 YES Limited-service eating places...................... Detail 

722300 YES Special food services .................................. Detail 

722400 YES Drinking places (alcoholic beverages) ........ Detail 

810000 YES Other services (except government) ............... Summary 

811000 YES Repair and maintenance ............................... Summary 

811100 YES Automotive repair and maintenance ........... Detail 

811200 YES Electronic and precision equipment 

 repair and maintenance........................ Detail 

811300 YES Commercial and industrial machinery and 

 equipment (except automotive and 

 electronic) repair and maintenance ...... Detail 

811400 YES Personal and household goods repair 

 and maintenance .................................. Detail 

812000 YES Personal and laundry services ...................... Summary 

812100 YES Personal care services................................ Detail 

812200 YES Death care services..................................... Detail 

812300 YES Drycleaning and laundry services................ Detail 

812900 YES Other personal services .............................. Detail 

813000 YES Religious, grantmaking, civic, 

 professional, and similar organizations. Summary 

813100 YES Religious organizations ............................... Detail 

813200 YES Grantmaking and giving services................ Detail 

813300 YES Social advocacy organizations .................... Detail 

813400 YES Civic and social organizations..................... Detail 

813900 YES Business, professional, labor, political, 

 and similar organizations...................... Detail 
Table II-2. National employment matrix industry directory, 2002Continued 

 64

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

814000 YES Private households1

....................................... Summary 

814100 YES Private households1

..................................... Detail 

990000 NO Government ...................................................... Summary 

910000 NO Federal Government ....................................... Summary 

491100 YES Postal Service ............................................... Detail 

919999 NO Federal Government, excluding Postal 

 Service.................................................. Detail 

920000 NO State government............................................ Summary 

Matrix 

code 

Valid 

NAICS 

code? 

Matrix industry title Industry type 

926110 NO State government educational services ........ Detail 

926220 NO State government hospitals........................... Detail 

929200 NO State government, excluding education 

 and hospitals......................................... Detail 

930000 NO Local government............................................ Summary 

936110 NO Local government educational services........ Detail 

936220 NO Local government hospitals .......................... Detail 

939300 NO Local government, excluding education 

 and hospitals......................................... Detail 

 1 Except secondary jobs in agricultural production, forestry, fishing, or 

private households. 
65

Chapter III. Selected Occupational Data, 

2002 and Projected 2012 

Every other year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics updates 

data on current and projected employment, annual average 

job openings, and other characteristics for all national employment matrix occupations. These data are distributed in 

a variety of formats and publications, ranging from the detailed discussion and tables in the Monthly Labor Review

(February 2004) to the brief textual and graphic presentations in the Occupational Outlook Quarterly (winter edition, 2003–04). In addition, the searchable National Employment Matrix and Occupational Employment, Training, 

and Earnings Internet sites display the data, which also underlie the job outlook and other information published in 

the Occupational Outlook Handbook. 

Table III–1 displays data on 2002 and projected 2012 

employment, employment change, self-employment, annual 

average job openings, and other characteristics for all national employment matrix occupations. Newly developed 

information on educational attainment discussed in Chapter 

I accompany the projections data for the first time. Quartile 

rankings designate the relative magnitude of data for each 

detailed occupation. As a result, readers using table III–1 

can obtain specific data about several variables for any occupation and can use the rankings to determine how information for a specific occupation compares with that for 

other occupations. 

In some cases, 2002 OES survey employment data for 

two or more occupations were combined into a single national employment matrix occupation because of confidentiality or reliability concerns. In other cases, reliable 2002 

employment data were available, but research required to 

prepare a projection could not be completed. Base-year 

employment for these occupations, termed “collapsed” occupations, was combined to create occupations unique to 

the national employment matrix—“rollup” occupations. 

(See table III–2.) 

Employment was projected for the rollup occupations, 

not for their components. Because employment for collapsed occupations was not projected, these occupations do 

not appear in table III–1. Information about the number 

currently employed in an occupation, however, is valuable 

because it provides a measure of the occupation’s significance in the labor market. Accordingly, table III–2 displays 2002 employment for collapsed occupations, supplementing the information from table III–1. 

Data presented

Information about each variable’s data source and potential 

use is presented in this chapter. The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey and the Current Population 

Survey (CPS) provide almost all of the employment data 

used in developing the 2002–12 projections. (See Chapter 

II for more details on the structure of the 2002–12 national 

employment matrix.) These surveys also are the sources of 

other statistical information contained in table III–1. 

Occupational data from the OES survey are not entirely 

comparable with those from the CPS, because of differences 

in occupational classification systems and in concepts and 

methods used in the two surveys.1 Information about 

worker characteristics from the CPS is applied to matrix occupations on the basis of the relationship between the 2000 

Census of Population occupational classification system 

and the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system 

used by the OES survey.2 Comparisons based on CPS occupations with fewer than 50,000 workers in 2002 and on 

some other occupations for which the data appeared unreliable were excluded; data for CPS proxy occupations were 

substituted. Where possible, larger, closely related CPS occupations were chosen as proxies for the excluded occupations. When a detailed occupation could not be identified, 

a summary occupational group was used. 

Rankings for data categories identify the relative magnitude of variables in terms of the distribution of employment. For example, to rank the projected percent change in 

employment, data on 2002 employment and projected 

2002–12 percent change in employment were assembled 

for each occupation, after which each occupation's employment as a percent of 2002 total employment was calculated. The occupations were sorted by employment change 

in descending order, and the cumulative percentage of 2002 

employment for each was determined. Occupations within 

the group accounting for less than 25 percent of total employment are designated “VH,” for a very high growth rate. 

Similarly, occupations sorted by descending order of employment change and accounting for 25 to 50 percent of 

 

1 Of the 725 matrix occupations for which projections were developed, 

370 had a one-to-one correspondence with a CPS occupation. Combinations of an additional 343 matrix occupations each obtained employment 

from a single, higher level CPS occupation. In these cases, the characteristics of the higher level CPS occupation were applied to each matrix occupation. The final 12 matrix occupations received data from more than 

one CPS occupation with the CPS occupation's employment contribution 

to the matrix occupation used to weight its impact. 

2 CPS occupational data for 2000 through 2002 were coded using the 

1990 Census of Population occupation classification system. BLS had 

the Bureau of the Census recode 2000, 2001, and 2002 monthly CPS occupational data to the 2000 Census of Population occupational classification system, which is quite comparable to the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system. BLS used these recoded data in preparing 

the 2002 national employment matrix. Replacement rates, which were 

calculated using CPS data based on the 1990 Census of Population occupation classification system, were distributed to the 2000 Census of Population system using information from the recoded CPS files. 
66

employment are labeled “H” (high); 50 to 75 percent, “L”

(low); and 75 to 100 percent, “VL” (very low). Occupations 

were sorted by other data elements, and rankings were determined in the same manner. 

Employment, 2002 and 2012. (Source: Bureau of Labor 

Statistics, national employment matrices for 2002 and 

2012.) Employment information is a useful starting point 

for assessing opportunities, because large occupations usually have more openings than do small ones, regardless of 

growth or replacement rates. The data include jobs in all 

industries. Wage and salary, self-employed, and unpaid 

family workers are included. 

Employment change, 2002–12, numeric. (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, national employment matrices for 

2002 and 2012.) Information on numerical change provides an absolute measure of projected job gains or losses. 

Employment change, 2002–12, percent. (Source: Bureau 

of Labor Statistics, national employment matrices for 2002 

and 2012.) The percent change in employment measures 

the rate of change of an occupation. A rapidly growing occupation usually indicates favorable prospects for employment. Moreover, the high demand for workers in a rapidly 

growing occupation improves their chances for advancement and mobility. Modest employment growth in a large 

occupation can result in many more job openings than does 

rapid employment growth in a small occupation. 

Percent self-employed, 2002. (Source: Bureau of Labor 

Statistics, national employment matrix for 2002.) Individuals who are interested in creating and managing their own 

businesses may find it important to know the percentage of 

self-employed workers in an occupation. This percentage 

is calculated from CPS data on unincorporated selfemployed persons in their primary or secondary job who 

are included in matrix employment data. The unincorporated self-employed work for earnings or fees in their own 

business and, unlike self-employed persons in businesses 

that are incorporated, do not receive a wage or salary. 

Job openings due to growth and total replacement 

needs, 2002–12. (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, this 

publication.) These data provide the broadest measure of 

job opportunities and identify the total number of additional 

employees needed annually in an occupation. The number 

of openings due to growth is calculated from data on increases in occupational employment taken from national 

employment matrices for 2002–12. If employment declines, job openings due to growth are zero. Estimates of 

total replacement needs encompass the replacement of 

workers at all experience levels who leave their jobs to 

work in another occupation, who stop working because of 

retirement or other reasons, or who die. Total replacement 

needs reflect the normal movements in the labor force, are 

calculated from 2001–02 CPS data, and are described in 

Chapter V. Data from CPS proxy occupations are used to 

estimate replacement needs for some matrix occupations. 

Job openings due to growth and to net replacement 

needs, 2002–12. (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, this 

publication.) These data indicate the number of new workers needed annually in an occupation and, if training is required, measure minimum training needs. The number of 

openings due to growth is calculated from data on increases 

in occupational employment from national employment matrices for 2002–12. If employment declines, job openings 

due to growth are zero. Net replacement job openings typically are due to experienced workers leaving the occupation 

or the labor force. Net replacement needs are calculated 

from monthly CPS data and are described in Chapter V. 

Data from CPS proxy occupations are used to estimate replacement needs for some matrix occupations. 

Median annual earnings, 2002. (Source: 2002 OES survey for most occupations. Estimates developed from 2002 

CPS data provide information for occupations not covered 

by the OES survey, such as farmers and ranchers and cooks, 

private household.) Table III–1 presents median annual 

earnings of workers in different occupations. 

Unemployment rate. (Source: Average of 2000–2002 CPS

monthly data.3) Some occupations are more susceptible to 

factors that result in unemployment, including seasonality, 

fluctuations in economic conditions, and individual business failures. A high unemployment rate indicates that individuals in a given occupation are more likely to become 

unemployed than are those in occupations with a low rate. 

Data from CPS proxy occupations are used to estimate unemployment rates for some matrix occupations. 

Percent part time. (Source: Average of 2000–2002 CPS

monthly data.4) Persons who prefer part-time work may 

want to know the proportion of employees in an occupation 

who work fewer than 35 hours per week. Data from CPS

proxy occupations are used to estimate the proportion of 

part-time workers for some matrix occupations. 

Most significant source of postsecondary education or 

training. (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.) BLS uses 

11 categories to describe all types of postsecondary education or training. Occupation analysts assign a single category that best describes the education or training needed by 

most workers to become fully qualified. While individuals 

with different levels of education or training can enter most 

occupations, a single category is needed to facilitate analyses of current employment, employment growth, earnings, 

or other characteristics. 

The categories can be used as an initial reference for 

assessing what postsecondary education or training may be 

 

3 Ibid. 

4 Ibid. 
67

preferable. Because qualification generally can be accomplished in several ways, however, the categories should not 

be viewed as an absolute standard. Reviewing the material 

on "Training, other qualifications, and advancement" in the 

Occupational Outlook Handbook can help determine 

whether alternatives exist. In most occupations, alternatives do exist. For example, a significant number of computer systems analysts have acquired the qualifying skills, 

but do not have a bachelor’s degree—the postsecondary 

education category designated for the occupation. Insights 

such as this are available from the Handbook. 

On the basis of an analysis of the occupation’s most 

significant source of postsecondary education or training, 

occupations are classified into 1 of 11 categories listed below, according to these principles: 

• An occupation is placed into the category that best describes the education or training that most workers 

need to become fully qualified. 

• Postsecondary awards, if generally needed for entry 

into the occupation, take precedence over work-related 

training, even though additional skills or experience 

may be needed for a worker to become fully qualified. 

• The length of time that an average worker generally 

needs to become fully qualified through a combination 

of on-the-job training and experience is used to categorize occupations in which a postsecondary award generally is not needed for entry. 

Postsecondary awards 

First professional degree. Completion of the degree usually requires at least 3 years of full-time academic study beyond a bachelor's degree. The first professional degree is 

the minimum preparation required for entry into several 

professions, including law, medicine, and dentistry. 

Doctoral degree. Completion of a Ph.D. or other doctoral 

degree usually requires at least 3 years of full-time academic work beyond the bachelor's degree. 

Master's degree. Completion of the degree usually requires 

1 or 2 years of full-time academic study beyond a bachelor's degree. 

Bachelor’s or higher degree, plus work experience. Most 

occupations in this category are management occupations. 

All require experience in a related nonmanagement position 

for which a bachelor’s or higher degree is usually required. 

Jobs usually are filled with experienced staff who are promoted into a management position, such as engineers who 

advance to engineering manager. 

Bachelor's degree. Completion of the degree generally requires at least 4 years, but not more than 5 years, of fulltime academic study beyond high school. 

Associate degree. Completion of the degree usually requires at least 2 years of full-time academic study beyond 

high school. 

Postsecondary vocational awards. Programs lead to a certificate or other award, but not a degree. Some programs 

last only a few weeks, while others may last more than a 

year. Occupations in this category include some that require only the completion of a training program and some 

that require individuals to pass a licensing exam after completion of the program before they can work. 

Work-related training 

Work experience in a related occupation. Many occupations requiring work experience are first-line supervisors/managers of service, sales and related, production, or 

other occupations, or are other types of managers. 

Long-term on-the-job training. More than 12 months of 

on-the-job training or combined work experience and formal classroom instruction are needed for workers to develop the skills to become fully qualified. This category 

includes formal or informal apprenticeships that may last 

up to 5 years. Long-term on-the-job training also includes 

intensive occupation-specific, employer-sponsored programs that workers must successfully complete. These 

programs include fire and police academies and schools for 

air traffic controllers and flight attendants. In other occupations—insurance sales and securities sales, for example—

trainees take formal courses, often provided at the jobsite, 

to prepare for the required licensing exams. Individuals 

undergoing training usually are considered to be employed 

in the occupation. Also included in this category is the development of natural ability—such as that possessed by 

musicians, athletes, actors, and other entertainers—that 

must be cultivated over several years, frequently in a nonwork setting. 

Moderate-term on-the-job training. Skills needed for a 

worker to become fully qualified can be acquired during 1 

to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and informal training. 

Short-term on-the-job training. Skills needed for a worker 

to become fully qualified can be acquired during a short 

demonstration of job duties or during 1 month or less of onthe-job experience or instruction. 

Once again, the categories identify the postsecondary 

education or training used by most individuals in an occupation to become fully qualified. The categories cannot 

and do not describe all paths and are not intended to indicate the level of educational attainment required for a person to be hired. 

Educational attainment cluster. (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, this publication.) Six clusters are defined 

based on the distribution of educational attainment across 
68

occupations, as described in Chapter I of this publication. 

The clusters are as follows: HS = High school occupations, 

HS/SC = High school/Some college occupations, HS/SC/C 

= High school/Some college/College occupations, SC/C = 

Some college/College occupations, and C = College occupations. 

Percent of workers aged 25 to 44, by educational attainment. (Source: 2000–02 CPS monthly data.5) Many 

occupations have multiple sources of education and training 

and are difficult to assign to a single category. To provide 

insight into alternative routes to obtaining entry into an occupation, data drawn from the CPS are presented on the percentage of employees in each occupation who are aged 25–

44 years and who have a high school degree or less, some 

college (including, but not limited to, recipients of associate 

degrees), or at least a bachelor’s degree. Individuals in 

surveyed households self-report their occupation and highest educational attainment. For a full description of this 

new analytical product, see Chapter I of this publication.

Using ranked information 

Table III–1 consolidates 2002 and 2012 projected employment data and provides comparisons of occupational data. 

The table ranks information about current and projected 

employment, projected job openings, earnings, unemployment rates, and the proportion of part-time workers. Except 

for the unemployment and part-time categories, a high 

ranking indicates a favorable assessment. A high ranking 

for the unemployment rate is considered undesirable. Unemployment rates in construction occupations, however, are 

inflated by characteristics of the industry that make comparisons misleading. For example, construction workers 

typically experience periods of unemployment after completing a project and before starting work on a new project. 

The ranking for the part-time category also should not 

be used routinely in assessing the desirability of employment, because such an assessment depends on the perspective of the user. For example, high school students might 

consider a large proportion of part-time work desirable, 

given that they normally prefer not to work full time. A re-

 

5 Ibid. 

cent college graduate or anyone seeking full-time employment, however, might reach the opposite conclusion. 

The data in table III–1 have many potential uses. At 

times, users may want to know how a particular occupation—41-2011, “cashiers, except gaming”, for example—

compares with others. The "VH" (very high) rankings in the 

table for the increase in the number of jobs and for both 

categories of job openings point out that many jobs are 

available, certainly a favorable rating. The "VL" (very low) 

ranking for earnings and the "VH" (very high) ranking for 

unemployment, however, are unfavorable in comparison 

with rankings for other occupations, and these characteristics detract from the desirability of employment in the occupation. The table also shows that cashiers, except gaming, require only short-term on-the-job training. 

Some readers might wish to identify occupations with 

favorable characteristics that jobseekers can pursue through 

a specific type of training. For example, a student might be 

interested in a technical occupation, but might not care to 

obtain a 4-year college degree. In another instance, a planner might wish to ensure that training programs provided by 

junior colleges in the area are consistent with the needs of 

the national labor market. To obtain appropriate information, both the student and the planner could examine information on occupations for which the associate degree is the 

most significant source of education or training. 

Although table III–1 contains a great deal of information that is useful for career guidance, information about 

occupational comparisons should be used as an aid, not as a 

sole source of information for making career choices. After 

using the table to identify occupations with favorable prospects, the reader should obtain additional information from 

other sources, such as the Occupational Outlook Handbook, the Occupational Outlook Quarterly, and local 

sources, if available. Consideration should be given to individual aptitudes and preferences, and alternative sources 

of training available in the local area should be investigated. The appendix identifies sources of State and local 

area information. 

An electronic version of table III–1 is available on the 

Internet at: 

ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ep/optddata/
69

Employment Projections 

on the Internet 

The “Employment Projections” homepage on the BLS 

Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/emp) provides 

access to electronic copies of: 

♦ the 2004–05 Occupational Projections and 

Training Data, this publication; 

♦ the 2004–05 Occupational Outlook Handbook; 

♦ the 2004–05 Career Guide to Industries; 

♦ “Charting the projections,” the Winter 2003–04 

issue of the Occupational Outlook Quarterly; 

♦ “Employment Outlook 2002–12” articles from 

the February 2004 Monthly Labor Review

describing the 2002–12 projections in detail; 

♦ two online searchable databases; 

♦ frequently requested tables; and 

♦ many other items of interest to users of industry 

and occupation employment projections. 
70

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

00-0000 Total, all occupations ..................................... 144,014 165,319 21,305 – 14.8 – 8.0 26,812 –

11-1300 Management, business, and financial

occupations .......................................... 15,501 17,883 2,382 – 15.4 – 19.1 2,095 –

11-0000 Management occupations ......................................... 10,056 11,277 1,221 – 12.1 – 25.0 1,288 –

11-1000 Top executives ...................................................... 2,669 3,138 469 – 17.6 – 3.6 352 –

11-1011 Chief executives ............................................... 553 645 93 H 16.8 H 14.6 67 L

11-1021 General and operations managers ................... 2,049 2,425 376 VH 18.4 H .7 280 VH

11-1031 Legislators ........................................................ 67 68 1 VL 1.1 VL .0 4 VL

11-2000 Advertising, marketing, promotions, public

relations, and sales managers ............... 700 885 185 – 26.5 – 2.8 120 –

11-2011 Advertising and promotions managers ............. 85 107 21 L 25.0 VH 2.4 15 VL

11-2020 Marketing and sales managers ......................... 546 693 148 – 27.1 – 3.1 94 –

11-2021 Marketing managers ..................................... 203 246 43 L 21.4 H 3.1 33 VL

11-2022 Sales managers ............................................ 343 448 105 H 30.5 VH 3.0 61 L

11-2031 Public relations managers ................................ 69 85 16 VL 23.4 VH .9 11 VL

11-3000 Operations specialties managers ......................... 1,807 2,163 356 – 19.7 – 1.5 229 –

11-3011 Administrative services managers .................... 321 384 63 L 19.8 H .2 43 L

11-3021 Computer and information systems

managers ............................................... 284 387 103 H 36.1 VH 1.1 45 L

11-3031 Financial managers .......................................... 599 709 109 H 18.3 H 3.1 77 L

11-3040 Human resources managers ............................ 202 242 39 L 19.4 H .0 23 VL

11-3051 Industrial production managers ........................ 182 197 14 VL 7.9 VL 1.5 19 VL

11-3061 Purchasing managers ....................................... 108 113 5 VL 4.8 VL .2 9 VL

11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution

managers ............................................... 111 133 22 L 19.7 H 1.1 14 VL

11-9000 Other management occupations ........................... 4,880 5,090 210 – 4.3 – 48.5 588 –

11-9010 Agricultural managers ....................................... 1,376 1,149 -227 – -16.5 – 83.7 132 –

11-9011 Farm, ranch, and other agricultural

managers ............................................... 218 229 11 VL 5.1 VL .9 26 VL

11-9012 Farmers and ranchers1 ................................. 1,158 920 -238 VL -20.6 VL 99.3 106 H

11-9021 Construction managers ..................................... 389 435 47 L 12.0 L 46.9 49 L

11-9030 Education administrators .................................. 427 527 101 – 23.6 – 3.1 69 –

11-9031 Education administrators, preschool and

child care center/program ...................... 58 77 19 VL 32.0 VH 3.0 10 VL

11-9032 Education administrators, elementary and

secondary school ................................... 217 262 45 L 20.7 H 3.2 34 VL

11-9033 Education administrators, postsecondary ..... 125 157 32 L 25.9 VH 2.6 21 VL

11-9039 Education administrators, all other ............... 27 32 5 VL 19.1 H 5.6 4 VL

11-9041 Engineering managers ...................................... 212 231 20 VL 9.2 L .1 17 VL

11-9051 Food service managers .................................... 386 430 44 L 11.5 L 34.7 62 L

11-9061 Funeral directors2 ............................................. 24 26 2 VL 6.6 VL 11.1 3 VL

11-9071 Gaming managers3 ........................................... 6 7 1 VL 12.4 L 38.6 1 VL

11-9081 Lodging managers ............................................ 69 73 5 VL 6.6 VL 50.3 11 VL

11-9111 Medical and health services managers2 ........... 244 315 71 L 29.3 VH 5.3 36 L

11-9121 Natural sciences managers3 ............................. 45 51 5 VL 11.3 L 1.2 5 VL

11-9131 Postmasters and mail superintendents ............. 25 25 0 VL -.5 VL .0 3 VL

11-9141 Property, real estate, and community

association managers ............................ 293 330 37 L 12.8 L 46.0 37 L

11-9151 Social and community service managers ......... 129 164 36 L 27.7 VH 6.6 22 VL

11-9199 All other managers ............................................ 1,256 1,325 69 L 5.5 VL 55.0 142 H

13-0000 Business and financial operations occupations ............ 5,445 6,606 1,162 – 21.3 – 8.3 807 –

13-1000 Business operations specialists ................................ 3,177 3,910 733 – 23.1 – 6.9 509 –

13-1011 Agents and business managers of artists,

performers, and athletes ........................ 15 19 4 VL 27.8 VH 27.0 2 VL

13-1020 Buyers and purchasing agents ............................. 419 455 36 – 8.6 – 4.8 58 –

13-1021 Purchasing agents and buyers, farm

products3 ................................................ 19 21 2 VL 10.2 L 9.6 2 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
71

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

5,631 – – – – – – – – – – 00-0000

532 – – – – – – – – – – 11-1300

319 – – – – – – – – – – 11-0000

97 – – – – – – – – – – 11-1000

20 L 126,260 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-1011 10 SC/C 16.1 21.1 62.8

76 VH 68,210 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-1021 10 HS/SC/C 21.3 30.4 48.4

1 VL 15,220 VL VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-1031 10 C .7 1.5 97.8

31 – – – – – – – – – – 11-2000

4 VL 57,130 VH L L Bachelor’s plus experience 11-2011 10 SC/C 8.5 21.7 69.9

25 – – – – – – – – – – 11-2020

8 L 78,250 VH L VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-2021 10 SC/C 9.7 23.2 67.2

17 L 75,040 VH L VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-2022 10 SC/C 9.7 23.2 67.2

3 VL 60,640 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-2031 10 C 9.7 19.8 70.6

67 – – – – – – – – – – 11-3000

13 L 52,500 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-3011 10 HS/SC/C 22.6 36.8 40.6

15 L 85,240 VH L VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-3021 10 SC/C 7.3 22.4 70.4

20 L 73,340 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-3031 10 SC/C 14.4 24.3 61.3

7 VL 64,710 VH L VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-3040 10 SC/C 13.4 25.8 60.8

5 VL 67,320 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 29.8 29.7 40.5 11-3051

3 VL 59,890 VH L VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-3061 10 SC/C 15.0 31.0 54.0

4 VL 59,660 VH L VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 49.0 28.8 22.2 11-3071

124 – – – – – – – – – – 11-9000

12 – – – – – – – – – – 11-9010

5 VL 43,740 VH VL L Bachelor’s plus experience 11-9011 10 HS/SC/C 48.0 30.6 21.4

 11-90121 7 VL 24,076 L VL H Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 54.7 28.7 16.6

12 L 63,500 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 41.4 30.6 28.0 11-9021

21 – – – – – – – – – – 11-9030

3 VL 33,340 H VL L Bachelor’s plus experience 11-9031 10 C 8.6 17.9 73.5

10 L 71,490 VH VL L Bachelor’s plus experience 11-9032 10 C 8.6 17.9 73.5

6 VL 64,640 VH VL L Bachelor’s plus experience 11-9033 10 C 8.6 17.9 73.5

1 VL 57,840 VH VL L Bachelor’s plus experience 11-9039 10 C 8.6 17.9 73.5

6 VL 90,930 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 11-9041 10 C 7.6 16.9 75.5

11 L 35,790 H L L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 42.9 32.6 24.4 11-9051

 11-90612 1 VL 43,380 VH VL L Associate degree SC/C 4.5 56.2 39.2

 11-90713 0 VL 54,330 VH H L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 38.0 45.8 16.2

2 VL 33,970 H L L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 30.6 21.9 47.5 11-9081

 11-91112 12 L 61,370 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience10 SC/C 9.4 29.6 61.0

 11-91213 1 VL 82,250 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience10 C 8.8 4.2 87.0

0 VL 48,540 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 21.3 30.4 48.4 11-9131

9 L 36,880 H VL H Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 29.1 33.3 37.7 11-9141

6 VL 43,080 VH L L Bachelor’s degree C 9.7 19.2 71.1 11-9151

31 H 66,890 VH VL L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 24.7 27.3 48.0 11-9199

213 – – – – – – – – – – 13-0000

129 – – – – – – – – – – 13-1000

1 VL 55,730 VH L H Bachelor’s plus experience 13-1011 10 C 17.4 17.0 65.6

14 – – – – – – – – – – 13-1020

 13-10213 1 VL 40,900 H VL L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 55.3 20.1 24.6

See footnotes at end of table.
72

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

13-1022 Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm

products ................................................. 155 162 7 VL 4.3 VL 9.9 25 VL

13-1023 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail,

and farm products .................................. 245 273 27 L 11.2 L 1.3 31 VL

13-1030 Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and

investigators ........................................... 241 275 34 – 14.0 – 1.9 35 –

13-1031 Claims adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ........................................... 227 260 32 L 14.2 L 1.9 33 VL

13-1032 Insurance appraisers, auto damage ................. 14 16 2 VL 11.7 L 1.8 2 VL

13-1041 Compliance officers, except agriculture,

construction, health and safety, and

transportation ......................................... 158 173 15 VL 9.8 L .9 21 VL

13-1051 Cost estimators ..................................................... 188 223 35 L 18.6 H 1.7 27 VL

13-1061 Emergency management specialists5 .................. 11 14 3 VL 28.2 VH .0 2 VL

13-1070 Human resources, training, and labor relations

specialists .............................................. 474 606 131 – 27.7 – .8 88 –

13-1071 Employment, recruitment, and placement

specialists .............................................. 175 223 48 L 27.3 VH .8 32 VL

13-1072 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis

specialists .............................................. 91 116 25 L 28.0 VH .8 17 VL

13-1073 Training and development specialists ............... 209 267 58 L 27.9 VH .8 39 L

13-1111 Management analysts2 ......................................... 577 753 176 H 30.4 VH 29.8 88 L

13-1121 Meeting and convention planners ......................... 37 45 8 VL 21.3 H 1.8 7 VL

13-1198 All other business operations specialists1 ............ 1,056 1,346 290 VH 27.5 VH .8 181 H

13-2000 Financial specialists .................................................. 2,268 2,696 429 – 18.9 – 10.2 298 –

13-2011 Accountants and auditors ..................................... 1,055 1,261 205 H 19.5 H 10.6 128 H

13-2021 Appraisers and assessors of real estate ............... 88 104 16 VL 17.6 H 34.8 11 VL

13-2031 Budget analysts .................................................... 62 71 9 VL 14.0 L .0 9 VL

13-2041 Credit analysts ...................................................... 66 78 12 VL 18.7 H .0 9 VL

13-2050 Financial analysts and advisors ............................ 400 486 86 – 21.5 – 14.2 56 –

13-2051 Financial analysts ............................................. 172 204 32 L 18.7 H 4.8 23 VL

13-2052 Personal financial advisors ............................... 126 170 44 L 34.6 VH 37.7 21 VL

13-2053 Insurance underwriters ..................................... 102 112 10 VL 10.0 L 1.0 12 VL

13-2061 Financial examiners8 ............................................ 25 27 2 VL 8.9 L .0 4 VL

13-2070 Loan counselors and officers ................................ 255 302 48 – 18.7 – 2.3 37 –

13-2071 Loan counselors ............................................... 31 37 6 VL 17.8 H 2.3 4 VL

13-2072 Loan officers ..................................................... 223 266 42 L 18.8 H 2.3 33 VL

13-2080 Tax examiners, collectors, preparers, and

revenue agents ...................................... 154 176 22 – 14.4 – 13.5 20 –

13-2081 Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue

agents .................................................... 75 79 4 VL 5.0 VL .0 9 VL

13-2082 Tax preparers ................................................... 79 98 18 VL 23.2 VH 26.2 12 VL

13-2099 All other financial specialists ................................. 162 190 28 L 17.6 H 3.6 24 VL

15-2900 Professional and related occupations ...................... 27,687 34,147 6,459 – 23.3 – 6.8 3,972 –

15-0000 Computer and mathematical science occupations ... 3,018 4,069 1,051 – 34.8 – 4.5 452 –

15-1000 Computer specialists ............................................ 2,911 3,954 1,043 – 35.8 – 4.5 440 –

15-1011 Computer and information scientists,

research ................................................. 23 30 7 VL 30.0 VH 7.4 4 VL

15-1021 Computer programmers .................................... 499 571 73 L 14.6 L 3.7 48 L

15-1030 Computer software engineers ........................... 675 982 307 – 45.5 – 3.0 109 –

15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications .. 394 573 179 H 45.5 VH 3.1 63 L

15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems

software ................................................. 281 409 128 H 45.5 VH 3.0 45 L

15-1041 Computer support specialists ........................... 507 660 153 H 30.3 VH .6 80 L

15-1051 Computer systems analysts .............................. 468 653 184 H 39.4 VH 6.4 78 L

15-1061 Database administrators ................................... 110 159 49 L 44.2 VH .6 19 VL

15-1071 Network and computer systems

administrators ........................................ 251 345 94 H 37.4 VH .5 40 L

See footnotes at end of table.
73

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

5 VL 40,780 H L H Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 30.4 34.6 35.0 13-1022

9 L 45,090 VH L VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 29.4 33.7 36.9 13-1023

6– – – – – – – – – – 13-1030

6 VL 43,020 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 24.1 32.2 43.7 13-1031

0 VL 42,630 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 24.1 32.2 43.7 13-1032

5 VL 44,800 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job SC/C 11.9 30.8 57.3 13-1041

8 L 47,550 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 32.8 38.4 28.8 13-1051

 13-10615 1 VL 43,560 VH VL L Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 19.9 30.8 49.3

20 – – – – – – – – – – 13-1070

7 L 39,410 H L L Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.8 28.5 55.7 13-1071

4 VL 45,100 VH L L Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.8 28.5 55.7 13-1072

9 L 42,800 VH L L Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.8 28.5 55.7 13-1073

 13-11112 25 H 60,340 VH L L Bachelor’s plus experience10 C 7.5 15.7 76.8

2 VL 37,420 H L L Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.4 26.7 57.9 13-1121

 13-11981 47 H 50,680 VH L L Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.8 28.5 55.7

83 – – – – – – – – – – 13-2000

40 H 47,000 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C 6.7 19.7 73.6 13-2011

3 VL 41,760 H VL L Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 14.7 29.9 55.4 13-2021

2 VL 52,480 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 7.3 17.6 75.1 13-2031

2 VL 42,910 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.0 26.7 56.3 13-2041

15 – – – – – – – – – – 13-2050

6 VL 57,100 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 15.9 78.2 13-2051

6 VL 56,680 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C 4.5 13.7 81.8 13-2052

3 VL 45,590 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 21.3 25.8 53.0 13-2053

 13-20618 1 VL 56,220 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.3 23.4 65.3

9– – – – – – – – – – 13-2070

1 VL 32,010 H VL VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 19.2 30.5 50.3 13-2071

8 L 43,980 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 19.2 30.5 50.3 13-2072

5– – – – – – – – – – 13-2080

2 VL 42,250 VH H VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 14.6 32.1 53.3 13-2081

3 VL 25,630 L VH H Moderate-term on-the-job SC/C 16.7 29.2 54.0 13-2082

6 VL 44,140 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 25.2 29.6 45.2 13-2099

1,179 – – – – – – – – – – 15-2900

146 – – – – – – – – – – 15-0000

143 – – – – – – – – – – 15-1000

1 VL 77,760 VH L VL Doctoral degree SC/C 10.4 27.2 62.4 15-1011

19 L 60,290 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 7.6 22.4 70.1 15-1021

37 – – – – – – – – – – 15-1030

22 L 70,900 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree C 4.1 15.2 80.7 15-1031

16 L 74,040 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree C 4.1 15.2 80.7 15-1032

22 L 39,100 H H L Associate degree SC/C 15.5 42.7 41.8 15-1041

24 H 62,890 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 10.4 27.2 62.4 15-1051

6 VL 55,480 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 9.8 23.0 67.1 15-1061

12 L 54,810 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.1 38.8 50.2 15-1071

See footnotes at end of table.
74

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

15-1081 Network systems and data communications

analysts .................................................. 186 292 106 H 57.0 VH 23.6 34 VL

15-1099 All other computer specialists ........................... 192 262 70 L 36.5 VH 6.2 31 VL

15-2000 Mathematical science occupations ....................... 107 115 8 – 7.4 – 4.7 12 –

15-2011 Actuaries2 ......................................................... 15 18 2 VL 14.9 H 1.4 2 VL

15-2021 Mathematicians2,8 ............................................ 3 3 0 VL -1.0 VL 4.6 0 VL

15-2031 Operations research analysts ........................... 62 66 4 VL 6.2 VL 5.8 7 VL

15-2041 Statisticians2 ..................................................... 20 21 1 VL 4.8 VL 5.7 2 VL

15-2090 Miscellaneous mathematical science

occupations2,8 ........................................ 7 8 1 VL 11.8 L .0 1 VL

17-0000 Architecture and engineering occupations ................ 2,587 2,809 222 – 8.6 – 4.1 252 –

17-1000 Architects, surveyors, and cartographers ............. 204 233 29 – 14.0 – 15.6 18 –

17-1010 Architects, except naval .................................... 136 161 25 – 18.1 – 21.8 11 –

17-1011 Architects, except landscape and naval ....... 113 133 20 VL 17.2 H 21.4 9 VL

17-1012 Landscape architects .................................... 23 28 5 VL 22.2 VH 23.4 2 VL

17-1020 Surveyors, cartographers, and

photogrammetrists ................................. 64 68 4 – 5.6 – 3.5 7 –

17-1021 Cartographers and photogrammetrists5 ....... 9 10 1 VL 15.1 H 3.3 1 VL

17-1022 Surveyors ...................................................... 56 58 2 VL 4.2 VL 3.5 6 VL

17-1099 All other architects, surveyors, and

cartographers ......................................... 3 4 0 VL 10.9 L .0 0 VL

17-2000 Engineers .............................................................. 1,478 1,587 109 – 7.3 – 3.7 117 –

17-2011 Aerospace engineers2 ...................................... 78 74 -4 VL -5.2 VL 1.6 5 VL

17-2021 Agricultural engineers8 ..................................... 3 3 0 VL 10.3 L 12.5 0 VL

17-2031 Biomedical engineers8 ...................................... 8 10 2 VL 26.1 VH 4.9 1 VL

17-2041 Chemical engineers2 ........................................ 33 33 0 VL .4 VL .6 2 VL

17-2051 Civil engineers .................................................. 228 246 18 VL 8.0 VL 6.7 17 VL

17-2061 Computer hardware engineers ......................... 74 78 5 VL 6.1 VL 4.7 6 VL

17-2070 Electrical and electronics engineers ................. 292 309 17 – 5.7 – 3.2 23 –

17-2071 Electrical engineers ...................................... 156 160 4 VL 2.5 VL 3.3 11 VL

17-2072 Electronics engineers, except computer ....... 136 149 13 VL 9.4 L 3.1 11 VL

17-2081 Environmental engineers .................................. 47 65 18 VL 38.2 VH .4 7 VL

17-2110 Industrial engineers, including health and

safety ..................................................... 194 213 20 – 10.1 – 1.5 21 –

17-2111 Health and safety engineers, except mining

safety engineers and inspectors ............ 36 38 3 VL 7.9 VL 1.6 4 VL

17-2112 Industrial engineers ...................................... 158 175 17 VL 10.6 L 1.5 17 VL

17-2121 Marine engineers and naval architects2,8 ......... 5 5 0 VL -5.0 VL .0 0 VL

17-2131 Materials engineers .......................................... 24 25 1 VL 4.1 VL 3.6 2 VL

17-2141 Mechanical engineers ....................................... 215 225 10 VL 4.8 VL 3.0 14 VL

17-2151 Mining and geological engineers, including

mining safety engineers8 ....................... 5 5 0 VL -2.7 VL .0 0 VL

17-2161 Nuclear engineers2,3 ........................................ 16 16 0 VL -.1 VL .0 1 VL

17-2171 Petroleum engineers2 ....................................... 14 12 -1 VL -9.8 VL 16.5 1 VL

17-2199 All other engineers ............................................ 243 267 24 L 9.7 L 4.8 18 VL

17-3000 Drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians .. 905 990 85 – 9.4 – 2.2 116 –

17-3010 Drafters ............................................................. 216 222 6 – 2.8 – 3.8 28 –

17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters ....................... 106 110 4 VL 4.2 VL 3.7 14 VL

17-3012 Electrical and electronics drafters ................. 38 38 0 VL .7 VL 4.0 5 VL

17-3013 Mechanical drafters ...................................... 72 74 1 VL 1.9 VL 3.7 9 VL

17-3020 Engineering technicians, except drafters .......... 478 526 48 – 10.1 – .4 58 –

17-3021 Aerospace engineering and operations

technicians3 ........................................... 15 15 0 VL 1.5 VL .4 2 VL

17-3022 Civil engineering technicians ........................ 92 99 7 VL 7.6 VL .4 11 VL

17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering

technicians ............................................. 204 224 20 VL 10.0 L .4 25 VL

17-3024 Electro-mechanical technicians .................... 31 35 4 VL 11.5 L .6 4 VL

17-3025 Environmental engineering technicians3 ...... 19 24 5 VL 28.4 VH .4 3 VL

17-3026 Industrial engineering technicians ................ 62 67 5 VL 8.7 L .4 7 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
75

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

13 L 58,420 VH L L Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.3 31.2 57.5 15-1081

9 L 54,070 VH L VL Associate degree SC/C 10.4 27.2 62.4 15-1099

4– – – – – – – – – – 15-2000

 15-20112 1 VL 69,970 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience10 C 2.7 9.0 88.4

 15-20212,8 0 VL 76,470 VH VL L Master’s degree SC/C 7.5 24.2 68.3

2 VL 56,920 VH VL VL Master’s degree SC/C 11.0 30.7 58.3 15-2031

 15-20412 1 VL 57,080 VH VL VL Master’s degree C 6.7 10.4 82.9

 15-20902,8 0 VL 52,060 VH VL L Master’s degree SC/C 7.5 24.2 68.3

80 – – – – – – – – – – 17-0000

7– – – – – – – – – – 17-1000

4– – – – – – – – – – 17-1010

3 VL 56,620 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 3.0 9.8 87.2 17-1011

1 VL 47,400 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 3.0 9.8 87.2 17-1012

3– – – – – – – – – – 17-1020

 17-10215 0 VL 42,870 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C 11.3 14.1 74.6

2 VL 39,970 H VL L Bachelor’s degree C 11.3 14.1 74.6 17-1022

0 VL 43,210 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 11.3 14.1 74.6 17-1099

43 – – – – – – – – – – 17-2000

 17-20112 2 VL 72,750 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 4.5 13.8 81.8

 17-20218 0 VL 50,700 VH L L Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 19.2 74.9

 17-20318 0 VL 60,410 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 19.2 74.9

 17-20412 1 VL 72,490 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree C 1.7 5.4 92.9

5 VL 60,070 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 2.7 9.2 88.1 17-2051

2 VL 72,150 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.9 25.5 68.6 17-2061

7– – – – – – – – – – 17-2070

3 VL 68,180 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 4.9 14.7 80.4 17-2071

4 VL 69,930 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 4.9 14.7 80.4 17-2072

3 VL 61,410 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 7.3 6.9 85.9 17-2081

7– – – – – – – – – – 17-2110

1 VL 58,010 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.1 26.5 68.3 17-2111

6 VL 62,150 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.1 26.5 68.3 17-2112

 17-21212,8 0 VL 66,650 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 19.2 74.9

1 VL 62,590 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 10.4 20.0 69.6 17-2131

7 VL 62,880 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree C 5.0 17.7 77.3 17-2141

 17-21518 0 VL 61,770 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree C 5.9 19.2 74.9

 17-21612,3 0 VL 81,350 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 5.4 5.5 89.1

 17-21712 0 VL 83,370 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 7.5 9.6 82.9

7 VL 70,540 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 3.9 19.1 77.0 17-2199

30 – – – – – – – – – – 17-3000

7– – – – – – – – – – 17-3010

3 VL 37,330 H H VL Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 15.5 61.0 23.5 17-3011

1 VL 41,090 H H VL Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 15.5 61.0 23.5 17-3012

2 VL 40,730 H H VL Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 15.5 61.0 23.5 17-3013

15 – – – – – – – – – – 17-3020

 17-30213 0 VL 51,650 VH L VL Associate degree HS/SC 29.9 53.8 16.2

3 VL 37,720 H L VL Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7 17-3022

6 VL 42,950 VH L VL Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7 17-3023

1 VL 38,120 H L VL Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7 17-3024

 17-30253 1 VL 36,850 H L VL Associate degree HS/SC 29.9 53.8 16.2

2 VL 41,910 VH L VL Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7 17-3026

See footnotes at end of table.
76

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

17-3027 Mechanical engineering technicians ............. 55 61 6 VL 11.0 L .4 7 VL

17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians ................. 60 74 14 VL 23.2 VH 5.5 11 VL

17-3099 All other drafters, engineering, and mapping

technicians ............................................. 150 167 17 VL 11.3 L 4.5 19 VL

19-0000 Life, physical, and social science occupations ......... 1,237 1,450 212 – 17.2 – 7.3 152 –

19-1000 Life scientists ........................................................ 214 253 39 – 18.2 – 4.3 21 –

19-1010 Agricultural and food scientists2 ....................... 18 20 2 VL 9.1 L 8.9 2 VL

19-1020 Biological scientists ........................................... 75 90 14 – 19.0 – 2.6 7 –

19-1021 Biochemists and biophysicists ...................... 17 21 4 VL 22.9 VH 2.6 2 VL

19-1022 Microbiologists .............................................. 16 20 3 VL 20.0 H 2.6 2 VL

19-1023 Zoologists and wildlife biologists ................... 15 16 1 VL 7.7 VL 2.4 1 VL

19-1029 Biological scientists, all other ........................ 27 33 6 VL 22.3 VH 2.7 3 VL

19-1030 Conservation scientists and foresters ............... 33 34 1 – 4.4 – 14.1 2 –

19-1031 Conservation scientists2,3 ............................. 19 20 1 VL 4.1 VL 13.6 1 VL

19-1032 Foresters2,3 .................................................. 14 14 1 VL 4.7 VL 14.6 1 VL

19-1040 Medical scientists .............................................. 62 79 17 – 27.3 – 1.7 7 –

19-1041 Epidemiologists2,5 ........................................ 4 5 1 VL 32.5 VH 2.1 0 VL

19-1042 Medical scientists, except epidemiologists2 .. 58 73 16 VL 26.9 VH 1.7 6 VL

19-1099 All other life scientists2 ...................................... 26 31 5 VL 18.3 H .0 3 VL

19-2000 Physical scientists ................................................. 251 287 36 – 14.4 – 4.1 22 –

19-2010 Astronomers and physicists .............................. 14 15 1 – 6.8 – 9.9 1 –

19-2011 Astronomers2,5 ............................................. 1 1 0 VL 4.9 VL 10.2 0 VL

19-2012 Physicists2 .................................................... 13 14 1 VL 6.9 VL 9.9 1 VL

19-2021 Atmospheric and space scientists2,3 ................ 8 9 1 VL 16.2 H 2.1 1 VL

19-2030 Chemists and materials scientists .................... 91 103 11 – 12.4 – .2 8 –

19-2031 Chemists ....................................................... 84 95 11 VL 12.7 L .2 7 VL

19-2032 Materials scientists3 ...................................... 7 8 1 VL 8.6 VL .2 1 VL

19-2040 Environmental scientists and geoscientists ...... 101 121 20 – 20.1 – 2.8 9 –

19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists,

including health ...................................... 65 80 15 VL 23.7 VH 2.9 6 VL

19-2042 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and

geographers ........................................... 28 31 3 VL 11.5 L 2.7 2 VL

19-2043 Hydrologists5 ................................................ 8 10 2 VL 21.0 H 3.0 1 VL

19-2099 All other physical scientists ............................... 37 39 2 VL 6.5 VL 15.0 3 VL

19-3000 Social scientists and related occupations ............. 426 512 86 – 20.2 – 16.1 59 –

19-3011 Economists3 ...................................................... 16 18 2 VL 13.4 L 11.5 2 VL

19-3020 Market and survey researchers ........................ 155 193 38 – 24.7 – 7.6 22 –

19-3021 Market research analysts .............................. 134 166 31 L 23.4 VH 7.3 19 VL

19-3022 Survey researchers3 ..................................... 20 27 7 VL 33.6 VH 9.3 3 VL

19-3030 Psychologists .................................................... 139 173 34 – 24.3 – 25.4 19 –

19-3031 Clinical, counseling, and school

psychologists ......................................... 137 171 34 L 24.4 VH 25.4 19 VL

19-3032 Industrial-organizational psychologists5 ....... 2 2 0 VL 16.0 H 26.8 0 VL

19-3041 Sociologists2,8 .................................................. 3 3 0 VL 13.4 L .0 0 VL

19-3051 Urban and regional planners2 ........................... 32 36 3 VL 10.7 L 2.6 5 VL

19-3090 Miscellaneous social scientists and related

workers .................................................. 14 15 1 – 9.2 – 3.3 2 –

19-3091 Anthropologists and archeologists2,5 ............ 5 5 1 VL 12.8 L 3.5 1 VL

19-3092 Geographers2,5 ............................................. 1 1 0 VL 19.5 H 3.7 0 VL

19-3093 Historians2,5 .................................................. 2 2 0 VL 6.6 VL 3.5 0 VL

19-3094 Political scientists2,5 ..................................... 6 6 0 VL 5.9 VL 2.9 1 VL

19-3098 All other social scientists and related workers .. 68 74 7 VL 9.7 L 27.1 9 VL

19-4000 Life, physical, and social science technicians ....... 346 397 51 – 14.8 – .7 50 –

19-4011 Agricultural and food science technicians ......... 20 22 2 VL 9.3 L .0 3 VL

19-4021 Biological technicians2 ...................................... 48 57 9 VL 19.4 H .1 8 VL

19-4031 Chemical technicians ........................................ 69 72 3 VL 4.6 VL .1 9 VL

19-4041 Geological and petroleum technicians3 ............ 11 11 0 VL 1.3 VL 2.1 1 VL

19-4051 Nuclear technicians8 ......................................... 6 6 0 VL 1.5 VL .0 1 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
77

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

2 VL 41,280 H L VL Associate degree HS/SC 28.8 54.5 16.7 17-3027

4 VL 29,230 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 47.5 45.4 7.2 17-3031

5 VL 44,450 VH H VL Associate degree SC/C 15.5 61.0 23.5 17-3099

51 – – – – – – – – – – 19-0000

9– – – – – – – – – – 19-1000

 19-10102 0 VL 48,670 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 25.7 12.0 62.3

4– – – – – – – – – – 19-1020

1 VL 60,390 VH VL L Doctoral degree C .5 3.6 95.9 19-1021

1 VL 51,020 VH VL L Doctoral degree C .5 3.6 95.9 19-1022

1 VL 47,740 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C .5 3.6 95.9 19-1023

1 VL 53,300 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C .5 3.6 95.9 19-1029

1– – – – – – – – – – 19-1030

 19-10312,3 1 VL 50,340 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 9.7 23.2 67.1

 19-10322,3 0 VL 46,730 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 9.7 23.2 67.1

3– – – – – – – – – – 19-1040

 19-10412,5 0 VL 53,840 VH VL L Master’s degree C .6 1.8 97.7

 19-10422 3 VL 56,980 VH VL L Doctoral degree C .6 1.8 97.7

 19-10992 1 VL 46,140 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C .6 1.8 97.7

10 – – – – – – – – – – 19-2000

1– – – – – – – – – – 19-2010

 19-20112,5 0 VL 81,690 VH VL VL Doctoral degree C – 6.5 93.5

 19-20122 1 VL 85,020 VH VL VL Doctoral degree C – 6.5 93.5

 19-20212,3 0 VL 60,200 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C .4 9.2 90.4

4– – – – – – – – – – 19-2030

4 VL 52,890 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 2.9 3.2 94.0 19-2031

 19-20323 0 VL 64,590 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C 3.2 5.6 91.2

4– – – – – – – – – – 19-2040

3 VL 47,600 VH VL L Master’s degree C 3.3 4.4 92.3 19-2041

1 VL 67,470 VH VL L Master’s degree C 3.3 4.4 92.3 19-2042

 19-20435 0 VL 56,530 VH VL L Master’s degree C 3.3 4.4 92.3

1 VL 67,890 VH VL VL Bachelor’s degree C .7 1.3 98.0 19-2099

19 – – – – – – – – – – 19-3000

 19-30113 1 VL 68,550 VH L L Master’s degree C 1.0 8.5 90.4

8– – – – – – – – – – 19-3020

7 VL 53,810 VH H L Master’s degree C 7.4 13.6 79.0 19-3021

 19-30223 1 VL 22,200 L H L Master’s degree C 7.5 14.8 77.6

6– – – – – – – – – – 19-3030

6 VL 51,170 VH VL VH Doctoral degree C – .6 99.4 19-3031

 19-30325 0 VL 63,710 VH VL VH Master’s degree C – .6 99.4

 19-30412,8 0 VL 53,160 VH VL L Master’s degree C 3.5 7.1 89.5

 19-30512 1 VL 49,880 VH VL L Master’s degree C 4.5 – 95.5

0– – – – – – – – – – 19-3090

 19-30912,5 0 VL 38,620 H VL H Master’s degree C 6.5 11.5 81.9

 19-30922,5 0 VL 53,420 VH VL H Master’s degree C 6.5 11.5 81.9

 19-30932,5 0 VL 42,030 VH VL H Master’s degree C 6.5 11.5 81.9

 19-30942,5 0 VL 80,560 VH VL H Master’s degree C 6.5 11.5 81.9

2 VL 53,940 VH VL H Master’s degree C – .6 99.4 19-3098

13 – – – – – – – – – – 19-4000

1 VL 28,580 H H VL Associate degree HS/SC/C 34.4 26.4 39.3 19-4011

 19-40212 2 VL 32,710 H L L Associate degree HS/SC/C 24.6 16.4 59.0

2 VL 37,430 H L VL Associate degree HS/SC/C 31.7 39.7 28.7 19-4031

 19-40413 0 VL 39,430 H H VL Associate degree HS/SC/C 29.2 43.5 27.3

 19-40518 0 VL 59,990 VH L L Associate degree HS/SC/C 26.8 39.0 34.2

See footnotes at end of table.
78

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

19-4090 Other life, physical, and social science

technicians ............................................. 55 67 12 – 22.8 – 1.1 8 –

19-4091 Environmental science and protection

technicians, including health .................. 28 38 10 VL 36.8 VH 1.1 5 VL

19-4092 Forensic science technicians5 ...................... 8 10 2 VL 18.9 H 1.0 1 VL

19-4093 Forest and conservation technicians3 ........... 19 20 1 VL 4.0 VL 1.0 2 VL

19-4098 All other life, physical, and social science

technicians ............................................. 137 162 24 L 17.5 H 1.1 20 VL

21-0000 Community and social services occupations ............ 2,190 2,764 574 – 26.2 – 2.3 371 –

21-1000 Counselors, social workers, and other community

and social service specialists ................. 1,436 1,853 417 – 29.0 – 2.2 273 –

21-1010 Counselors ........................................................ 526 645 119 – 22.6 – 4.4 85 –

21-1011 Substance abuse and behavioral disorder

counselors .............................................. 67 83 16 VL 23.2 VH 4.5 11 VL

21-1012 Educational, vocational, and school

counselors .............................................. 228 262 34 L 15.0 H 4.4 34 L

21-1013 Marriage and family therapists3 .................... 23 29 5 VL 22.4 VH 4.2 4 VL

21-1014 Mental health counselors .............................. 85 107 23 L 26.6 VH 4.1 14 VL

21-1015 Rehabilitation counselors .............................. 122 164 41 L 33.8 VH 4.4 22 VL

21-1020 Social workers .................................................. 477 604 127 – 26.7 – 1.7 89 –

21-1021 Child, family, and school social workers ....... 274 338 64 L 23.2 VH 1.7 49 L

21-1022 Medical and public health social workers ..... 107 138 31 L 28.6 VH 1.7 20 VL

21-1023 Mental health and substance abuse social

workers .................................................. 95 128 33 L 34.5 VH 1.6 19 VL

21-1090 Miscellaneous community and social service

specialists .............................................. 434 605 171 – 39.4 – .2 99 –

21-1091 Health educators3 ......................................... 45 54 10 VL 21.9 VH .2 9 VL

21-1092 Probation officers and correctional treatment

specialists .............................................. 84 97 12 VL 14.6 H .2 15 VL

21-1093 Social and human service assistants ............ 305 454 149 H 48.7 VH .2 75 L

21-2000 Religious workers ................................................. 506 593 87 – 17.3 – .2 53 –

21-2011 Clergy ............................................................... 400 463 62 L 15.5 H .3 36 L

21-2021 Directors, religious activities and education2 .... 105 131 25 L 24.1 VH .0 17 VL

21-9099 All other counselors, social, and religious

workers .................................................. 248 318 70 L 28.3 VH 6.7 45 L

23-0000 Legal occupations ..................................................... 1,168 1,357 190 – 16.2 – 18.4 119 –

23-1000 Lawyers, judges, and related workers .................. 747 869 122 – 16.4 – 25.1 60 –

23-1011 Lawyers ............................................................ 695 813 118 H 17.0 H 26.8 56 L

23-1020 Judges, magistrates, and other judicial

workers .................................................. 51 56 4 – 8.3 – 2.6 4 –

23-1021 Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and

hearing officers ...................................... 19 20 1 VL 5.8 VL 3.4 1 VL

23-1022 Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators ........ 6 7 1 VL 13.7 L 11.2 0 VL

23-1023 Judges, magistrate judges, and

magistrates ............................................ 27 29 2 VL 8.7 L .0 2 VL

23-2000 Legal support workers .......................................... 320 380 60 – 18.7 – 5.4 46 –

23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants ........................ 200 257 57 L 28.7 VH 2.3 32 VL

23-2090 Miscellaneous legal support workers ................ 121 123 3 – 2.2 – 10.5 14 –

23-2091 Court reporters .............................................. 18 20 2 VL 12.7 L 11.0 2 VL

23-2092 Law clerks ..................................................... 48 50 2 VL 3.8 VL 10.7 6 VL

23-2093 Title examiners, abstractors, and

searchers ............................................... 55 53 -1 VL -2.7 VL 10.1 6 VL

23-9099 All other legal and related workers ....................... 101 109 8 VL 7.6 VL 9.6 13 VL

25-0000 Education, training, and library occupations ............. 8,530 10,639 2,109 – 24.7 – 2.7 1,436 –

25-1000 Postsecondary teachers ....................................... 1,581 2,184 603 VH 38.1 VH .3 245 H

25-2000 Primary, secondary, and special education

teachers ................................................. 4,187 4,983 795 – 19.0 – .4 613 –

25-2010 Preschool and kindergarten teachers ............... 592 791 199 – 33.6 – 2.2 139 –

See footnotes at end of table.
79

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

3– – – – – – – – – – 19-4090

2 VL 35,320 H H H Associate degree HS/SC/C 20.7 33.6 45.7 19-4091

 19-40925 0 VL 41,040 H H H Associate degree HS/SC/C 20.7 33.6 45.7

 19-40933 1 VL 30,980 H H H Associate degree HS/SC/C 23.2 36.7 40.1

6 VL 34,030 H H H Associate degree HS/SC/C 20.7 33.6 45.7 19-4098

99 – – – – – – – – – – 21-0000

69 – – – – – – – – – – 21-1000

24 – – – – – – – – – – 21-1010

3 VL 30,180 H L L Master’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8 21-1011

9 L 44,100 VH L L Master’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8 21-1012

 21-10133 1 VL 35,580 H L L Master’s degree C 9.0 16.3 74.6

4 VL 29,940 H L L Master’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8 21-1014

7 VL 25,840 L L L Master’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8 21-1015

21 – – – – – – – – – – 21-1020

11 L 33,150 H VL L Bachelor’s degree C 7.8 18.4 73.8 21-1021

5 VL 37,380 H VL L Bachelor’s degree C 7.8 18.4 73.8 21-1022

5 VL 32,850 H VL L Master’s degree C 7.8 18.4 73.8 21-1023

25 – – – – – – – – – – 21-1090

 21-10913 2 VL 36,240 H L L Master’s degree SC/C 18.4 23.7 57.9

3 VL 38,360 H L L Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.2 24.0 60.8 21-1092

20 L 23,370 L L L Moderate-term on-the-job SC/C 15.2 24.0 60.8 21-1093

18 – – – – – – – – – – 21-2000

14 L 33,110 H VL L First professional degree C 8.2 13.9 77.8 21-2011

 21-20212 4 VL 28,020 H VL VH Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.1 31.9 57.0

12 L 31,150 H L L Bachelor’s degree C 10.6 19.6 69.8 21-9099

33 – – – – – – – – – – 23-0000

22 – – – – – – – – – – 23-1000

21 L 90,290 VH VL VL First professional degree C .7 1.5 97.8 23-1011

1– – – – – – – – – – 23-1020

0 VL 64,540 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 23-1021 10 C .7 1.5 97.8

0 VL 47,320 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 23-1022 10 C .7 1.5 97.8

1 VL 94,070 VH VL VL Bachelor’s plus experience 23-1023 10 C .7 1.5 97.8

9– – – – – – – – – – 23-2000

7 VL 37,950 H L L Associate degree SC/C 15.8 41.9 42.2 23-2011

2– – – – – – – – – – 23-2090

0 VL 41,550 H L L Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 25.2 41.1 33.6 23-2091

1 VL 30,460 H L L Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 25.2 41.1 33.6 23-2092

1 VL 32,610 H L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 25.2 41.1 33.6 23-2093

2 VL 38,700 H L L Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 25.2 41.1 33.6 23-9099

389 – – – – – – – – – – 25-0000

96 VH 49,090 VH VL VH Doctoral degree C 2.8 7.4 89.8 25-1000

173 – – – – – – – – – – 25-2000

27 – – – – – – – – – – 25-2010

See footnotes at end of table.
80

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

25-2011 Preschool teachers, except special

education ............................................... 424 577 153 H 36.2 VH 2.2 101 L

25-2012 Kindergarten teachers, except special

education ............................................... 168 214 46 L 27.2 VH 2.2 38 L

25-2020 Elementary and middle school teachers ........... 2,070 2,347 277 – 13.4 – .1 270 –

25-2021 Elementary school teachers, except special

education ............................................... 1,467 1,690 223 H 15.2 H .1 196 H

25-2022 Middle school teachers, except special and

vocational education .............................. 585 637 52 L 9.0 L .1 72 L

25-2023 Vocational education teachers, middle

school ..................................................... 18 19 2 VL 9.0 L .1 2 VL

25-2030 Secondary school teachers .............................. 1,093 1,282 189 – 17.3 – .0 139 –

25-2031 Secondary school teachers, except special

and vocational education ....................... 988 1,167 180 H 18.2 H .0 127 H

25-2032 Vocational education teachers, secondary

school ..................................................... 105 115 10 VL 9.0 L .0 12 VL

25-2040 Special education teachers ............................... 433 563 130 H 30.0 VH .3 65 L

25-3000 Other teachers and instructors ............................. 960 1,285 325 – 33.9 – 20.3 207 –

25-3011 Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED

teachers and instructors ......................... 80 96 16 VL 20.4 H 19.5 15 VL

25-3021 Self-enrichment education teachers ................. 200 281 80 L 40.1 VH 19.9 45 L

25-3999 All other teachers, primary, secondary, and

adult ....................................................... 679 908 229 H 33.7 VH 20.5 146 H

25-4000 Librarians, curators, and archivists ....................... 309 349 41 – 13.2 – .3 42 –

25-4010 Archivists, curators, and museum

technicians2 ........................................... 22 26 4 VL 17.0 H 3.4 3 VL

25-4021 Librarians .......................................................... 167 184 17 VL 10.1 L .1 16 VL

25-4031 Library technicians3 .......................................... 119 139 20 VL 16.8 H .0 24 VL

25-9000 Other education, training, and library

occupations ............................................ 1,493 1,838 345 – 23.1 – .7 328 –

25-9011 Audio-visual collections specialists5 ................. 10 11 2 VL 16.3 H 3.1 2 VL

25-9021 Farm and home management advisors5 .......... 16 17 1 VL 6.9 VL 2.4 3 VL

25-9031 Instructional coordinators .................................. 98 123 25 L 25.4 VH 2.7 20 VL

25-9041 Teacher assistants ............................................ 1,277 1,571 294 VH 23.0 VH .3 286 VH

25-9199 All other library, museum, training, and other

education workers .................................. 93 116 23 L 24.6 VH 3.0 18 VL

27-0000 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations ............................................ 2,377 2,769 393 – 16.5 – 31.8 369 –

27-1000 Art and design occupations .................................. 775 900 125 – 16.1 – 40.0 114 –

27-1010 Artists and related workers ............................... 149 170 21 – 14.4 – 53.8 24 –

27-1011 Art directors .................................................. 51 56 6 VL 11.4 L 53.6 8 VL

27-1013 Fine artists, including painters, sculptors,

and illustrators ........................................ 23 27 4 VL 16.5 H 55.5 4 VL

27-1014 Multi-media artists and animators ................. 75 87 12 VL 15.8 H 53.5 12 VL

27-1020 Designers .......................................................... 532 625 93 – 17.4 – 31.7 75 –

27-1021 Commercial and industrial designers ............ 52 59 8 VL 14.6 H 31.0 7 VL

27-1022 Fashion designers ........................................ 15 16 2 VL 10.6 L 29.3 2 VL

27-1023 Floral designers ............................................ 104 117 13 VL 12.4 L 32.5 14 VL

27-1024 Graphic designers ......................................... 212 258 46 L 21.9 VH 31.8 31 VL

27-1025 Interior designers .......................................... 60 73 13 VL 21.7 VH 32.2 9 VL

27-1026 Merchandise displayers and window

trimmers ................................................. 77 86 9 VL 11.3 L 30.9 10 VL

27-1027 Set and exhibit designers3 ............................ 12 15 3 VL 20.9 H 32.2 2 VL

27-1099 All other art and design workers ....................... 95 106 11 VL 11.5 L 65.0 14 VL

27-2000 Entertainers and performers, sports and related

occupations ............................................ 606 709 103 – 17.0 – 30.7 105 –

27-2010 Actors, producers, and directors ....................... 139 164 25 – 18.0 – 25.9 20 –

27-2011 Actors2 .......................................................... 63 74 11 VL 17.7 H 17.4 9 VL

27-2012 Producers and directors2 .............................. 76 90 14 VL 18.2 H 32.8 11 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
81

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

20 L 19,270 VL L H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 21.7 31.0 47.2 25-2011

7 VL 39,810 H L H Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 21.7 31.0 47.2 25-2012

73 – – – – – – – – – – 25-2020

55 VH 41,780 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C 2.8 5.3 91.8 25-2021

18 L 41,820 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C 2.8 5.3 91.8 25-2022

1 VL 42,590 VH VL L Bachelor’s plus experience 25-2023 10 C 2.8 5.3 91.8

50 – – – – – – – – – – 25-2030

46 H 43,950 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C 1.5 3.6 94.9 25-2031

4 VL 44,340 VH VL L Bachelor’s plus experience 25-2032 10 C 1.5 3.6 94.9

23 H 43,450 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C 3.8 5.9 90.2 25-2040

44 – – – – – – – – – – 25-3000

3 VL 36,400 H L VH Bachelor’s degree SC/C 14.4 30.4 55.2 25-3011

11 L 29,320 H L VH Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 14.4 30.4 55.2 25-3021

31 H 29,250 H L VH Bachelor’s degree SC/C 14.4 30.4 55.2 25-3999

13 – – – – – – – – – – 25-4000

 25-40102 1 VL 35,270 H VL L Master’s degree C 3.5 8.9 87.6

6 VL 43,090 VH VL H Master’s degree C 8.5 15.0 76.5 25-4021

 25-40313 6 VL 24,090 L L VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 23.0 34.6 42.3

62 – – – – – – – – – – 25-9000

 25-90115 0 VL 32,360 H VL H Moderate-term on-the-job C 8.2 7.1 84.6

 25-90215 0 VL 39,430 H VL H Bachelor’s degree C 8.2 7.1 84.6

4 VL 47,350 VH VL H Master’s degree C 8.2 7.1 84.6 25-9031

54 VH 18,660 VL L VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 43.7 40.0 16.3 25-9041

4 VL 27,280 L VL H Bachelor’s degree C 8.2 7.1 84.6 25-9199

85 – – – – – – – – – – 27-0000

25 – – – – – – – – – – 27-1000

5– – – – – – – – – – 27-1010

2 VL 61,850 VH L H Bachelor’s plus experience 27-1011 10 SC/C 13.7 27.8 58.5

1 VL 35,260 H L H Long-term on-the-job SC/C 13.7 27.8 58.5 27-1013

3 VL 43,980 VH L H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 13.7 27.8 58.5 27-1014

16 – – – – – – – – – – 27-1020

1 VL 52,260 VH L H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1 27-1021

0 VL 51,290 VH L H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1 27-1022

3 VL 19,480 VL L H Moderate-term on-the-job SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1 27-1023

7 L 36,680 H L H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1 27-1024

2 VL 39,180 H L H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1 27-1025

2 VL 22,550 L L H Moderate-term on-the-job SC/C 17.3 29.7 53.1 27-1026

 27-10273 0 VL 33,870 H L H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 19.8 31.8 48.4

3 VL 34,060 H L H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 13.7 27.8 58.5 27-1099

23 – – – – – – – – – – 27-2000

4– – – – – – – – – – 27-2010

 27-20112 2 VL 23,470 L VH VH Long-term on-the-job SC/C 4.0 29.6 66.4

 27-20122 3 VL 46,240 VH H L Bachelor’s plus experience10 SC/C 4.8 21.9 73.3

See footnotes at end of table.
82

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

27-2020 Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related

workers .................................................. 158 187 29 – 18.3 – 27.5 34 –

27-2021 Athletes and sports competitors ................... 15 18 3 VL 19.2 H 31.5 3 VL

27-2022 Coaches and scouts ..................................... 130 153 24 L 18.3 H 26.6 28 VL

27-2023 Umpires, referees, and other sports

officials3 ................................................. 14 16 2 VL 16.9 H 31.3 3 VL

27-2030 Dancers and choreographers ........................... 37 42 5 – 13.3 – 18.1 6 –

27-2031 Dancers2,4 .................................................... 20 22 2 VL 11.1 L 19.3 3 VL

27-2032 Choreographers2,4 ........................................ 17 20 3 VL 15.8 H 16.7 3 VL

27-2040 Musicians, singers, and related workers ........... 215 250 35 – 16.2 – 38.6 35 –

27-2041 Music directors and composers .................... 54 62 7 VL 13.5 L 39.3 9 VL

27-2042 Musicians and singers .................................. 161 189 27 L 17.1 H 38.3 26 VL

27-2099 All other entertainers and performers, sports

and related workers2 .............................. 56 65 9 VL 16.4 H 30.2 10 VL

27-3000 Media and communication occupations ................ 700 815 115 – 16.4 – 24.4 107 –

27-3010 Announcers ....................................................... 76 68 -8 VL -10.1 VL 34.4 8 VL

27-3020 News analysts, reporters and

correspondents ...................................... 66 70 4 VL 6.2 VL 6.3 7 VL

27-3031 Public relations specialists ................................ 158 210 52 L 32.9 VH 6.1 32 VL

27-3040 Writers and editors ............................................ 319 370 51 – 16.0 – 36.0 46 –

27-3041 Editors ........................................................... 130 145 15 VL 11.8 L 12.9 14 VL

27-3042 Technical writers ........................................... 50 63 13 VL 27.1 VH 7.3 6 VL

27-3043 Writers and authors ...................................... 139 161 22 L 16.1 H 67.9 25 VL

27-3090 Miscellaneous media and communications

workers .................................................. 82 97 15 – 18.6 – 20.1 15 –

27-3091 Interpreters and translators2,3 ...................... 24 29 5 VL 22.0 VH 19.6 5 VL

27-3099 All other media and communication

workers2 ................................................. 58 68 10 VL 17.2 H 20.3 10 VL

27-4000 Media and communication equipment

occupations ............................................ 295 345 50 – 16.9 – 29.8 43 –

27-4010 Broadcast and sound engineering technicians

and radio operators ................................ 93 111 18 – 19.6 – 9.3 11 –

27-4011 Audio and video equipment technicians ....... 42 53 11 VL 26.8 VH 9.1 5 VL

27-4012 Broadcast technicians ................................... 35 39 4 VL 11.3 L 9.6 4 VL

27-4013 Radio operators5 ........................................... 3 3 0 VL -6.2 VL 11.5 0 VL

27-4014 Sound engineering technicians3 ................... 13 16 3 VL 25.5 VH 8.6 2 VL

27-4021 Photographers .................................................. 130 148 18 VL 13.6 L 52.5 19 VL

27-4030 Television, video, and motion picture camera

operators and editors ............................. 48 56 9 – 18.7 – 23.0 7 –

27-4031 Camera operators, television, video, and

motion picture3 ....................................... 28 32 4 VL 13.4 L 23.8 4 VL

27-4032 Film and video editors4 ................................. 19 25 5 VL 26.4 VH 21.9 3 VL

27-4099 All other media and communication equipment

workers8 ................................................. 24 29 5 VL 20.1 H .0 6 VL

29-0000 Healthcare practitioners and technical

occupations ............................................ 6,580 8,288 1,708 – 26.0 – 4.8 820 –

29-1000 Health diagnosing and treating practitioners ........ 4,071 5,125 1,054 – 25.9 – 7.2 403 –

29-1011 Chiropractors2 ................................................... 49 60 11 VL 23.3 VH 58.5 3 VL

29-1020 Dentists2 ........................................................... 153 159 6 VL 4.1 VL 39.9 7 VL

29-1031 Dietitians and nutritionists ................................. 49 58 9 VL 17.8 H 6.3 9 VL

29-1041 Optometrists2 .................................................... 32 38 5 VL 17.1 H 29.2 2 VL

29-1051 Pharmacists2 .................................................... 230 299 69 L 30.1 VH 3.4 25 VL

29-1060 Physicians and surgeons .................................. 583 697 114 H 19.5 H 16.9 41 L

29-1071 Physician assistants2 ........................................ 63 94 31 L 48.8 VH .8 8 VL

29-1081 Podiatrists2,3 ..................................................... 13 15 2 VL 15.0 H 44.4 1 VL

29-1111 Registered nurses ............................................. 2,284 2,908 623 VH 27.3 VH 1.2 236 H

29-1120 Therapists ......................................................... 450 592 142 – 31.7 – 4.4 57 –

29-1121 Audiologists2,3 .............................................. 11 14 3 VL 29.0 VH 7.1 1 VL

29-1122 Occupational therapists2 ............................... 82 110 29 L 35.2 VH 4.0 11 VL

29-1123 Physical therapists2 ...................................... 137 185 48 L 35.3 VH 5.7 18 VL

29-1124 Radiation therapists2,4 .................................. 14 18 4 VL 31.6 VH .0 2 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
83

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

6– – – – – – – – – – 27-2020

1 VL 45,320 VH H VH Long-term on-the-job SC/C 14.8 25.5 59.7 27-2021

5 VL 27,880 H H VH Long-term on-the-job SC/C 14.8 25.5 59.7 27-2022

 27-20233 0 VL 20,540 L H VH Long-term on-the-job SC/C 16.3 22.9 60.8

3– – – – – – – – – – 27-2030

 27-20312,4 1 VL 21,100 L H VH Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 57.5 33.5 9.0

 27-20322,4 1 VL 29,470 H H VH Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 57.5 33.5 9.0

8– – – – – – – – – – 27-2040

2 VL 31,310 H H VH Bachelor’s plus experience 27-2041 10 HS/SC/C 21.0 26.1 52.9

6 VL 36,290 H H VH Long-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 21.0 26.1 52.9 27-2042

 27-20992 2 VL 33,740 H H H Long-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 34.4 25.4 40.2

26 – – – – – – – – – – 27-3000

2 VL 20,620 L L VH Long-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 45.3 31.6 23.0 27-3010

2 VL 30,510 H L L Bachelor’s plus experience 27-3020 10 C 6.6 6.5 86.9

7 L 41,710 H H L Bachelor’s degree C 7.8 14.3 77.8 27-3031

12 – – – – – – – – – – 27-3040

5 VL 41,170 H L L Bachelor’s degree C 5.6 13.1 81.3 27-3041

3 VL 50,580 VH H VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.3 25.3 69.4 27-3042

5 VL 42,790 VH H H Bachelor’s degree C 3.0 13.1 83.8 27-3043

3– – – – – – – – – – 27-3090

 27-30912,3 1 VL 32,590 H H VH Long-term on-the-job SC/C 16.4 30.9 52.8

 27-30992 2 VL 38,680 H H VH Long-term on-the-job SC/C 13.8 32.5 53.7

11 – – – – – – – – – – 27-4000

4– – – – – – – – – – 27-4010

2 VL 31,110 H L L Long-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 22.7 40.9 36.4 27-4011

1 VL 27,760 H L L Associate degree HS/SC/C 22.7 40.9 36.4 27-4012

 27-40135 0 VL 31,530 H L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 22.7 40.9 36.4

 27-40143 1 VL 36,970 H L L Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 25.0 41.7 33.3

4 VL 24,040 L H H Long-term on-the-job SC/C 19.4 27.4 53.1 27-4021

2– – – – – – – – – – 27-4030

 27-40313 1 VL 32,720 H VH H Moderate-term on-the-job SC/C 14.5 28.2 57.3

 27-40324 1 VL 38,270 H VH H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 15.0 34.9 50.1

 27-40998 1 VL 34,680 H VH VH Moderate-term on-the-job SC/C 19.0 31.9 49.1

296 – – – – – – – – – – 29-0000

185 – – – – – – – – – – 29-1000

 29-10112 2 VL 65,330 VH VL H First professional degree C 2.0 .2 97.9

 29-10202 3 VL 123,210 VH VL H First professional degree C 1.0 3.5 95.5

2 VL 41,170 H VL H Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 28.9 13.6 57.5 29-1031

 29-10412 1 VL 86,090 VH VL H First professional degree C 8.4 8.0 83.6

 29-10512 11 L 77,050 VH VL H First professional degree C 1.3 3.8 94.8

19 L 145,600 VH VL L First professional degree C .8 2.3 96.9 29-1060

 29-10712 4 VL 64,670 VH VL H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 5.1 27.5 67.4

 29-10812,3 1 VL 94,870 VH VL H First professional degree C .6 .7 98.7

110 VH 48,090 VH VL H Associate degree SC/C 1.8 40.1 58.1 29-1111

23 – – – – – – – – – – 29-1120

 29-11212,3 1 VL 48,400 VH VL H Master’s degree C 2.5 .3 97.1

 29-11222 4 VL 51,990 VH VL VH Bachelor’s degree C .1 13.8 86.1

 29-11232 6 VL 57,330 VH VL H Master’s degree C 2.7 5.8 91.4

 29-11242,4 1 VL 50,640 VH VL L Associate degree SC/C 1.8 57.3 41.0

See footnotes at end of table.
84

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

29-1125 Recreational therapists2 ............................... 27 29 2 VL 9.1 L 1.0 3 VL

29-1126 Respiratory therapists2 ................................. 86 116 30 L 34.8 VH .0 11 VL

29-1127 Speech-language pathologists2 .................... 94 120 26 L 27.2 VH 8.2 11 VL

29-1131 Veterinarians2 ................................................... 58 72 14 VL 25.1 VH 27.7 4 VL

29-1198 All other health diagnosing and treating

practitioners2 .......................................... 107 134 26 L 24.5 VH 14.6 11 VL

29-2000 Health technologists and technicians ................... 2,263 2,857 593 – 26.2 – .7 373 –

29-2010 Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians ............................................. 297 355 58 – 19.4 – 1.6 45 –

29-2011 Medical and clinical laboratory

technologists .......................................... 150 179 29 L 19.3 H 1.6 23 VL

29-2012 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians ... 147 176 29 L 19.4 H 1.6 22 VL

29-2021 Dental hygienists .............................................. 148 212 64 L 43.1 VH .7 10 VL

29-2030 Diagnostic related technologists and

technicians ............................................. 271 338 67 – 24.8 – .2 36 –

29-2031 Cardiovascular technologists and

technicians ............................................. 43 58 15 VL 33.5 VH .2 6 VL

29-2032 Diagnostic medical sonographers ................. 37 45 9 VL 24.0 VH .2 5 VL

29-2033 Nuclear medicine technologists3 .................. 17 21 4 VL 23.6 VH .2 2 VL

29-2034 Radiologic technologists and technicians ..... 174 214 40 L 23.0 VH .2 23 VL

29-2041 Emergency medical technicians and

paramedics ............................................ 179 238 59 L 33.1 VH .8 36 L

29-2050 Health diagnosing and treating practitioner

support technicians ................................ 451 574 123 – 27.2 – .0 92 –

29-2051 Dietetic technicians2 ..................................... 29 35 6 VL 20.2 H .0 6 VL

29-2052 Pharmacy technicians2 ................................. 211 271 61 L 28.8 VH .0 44 L

29-2053 Psychiatric technicians2 ................................ 60 63 4 VL 5.9 VL .0 10 VL

29-2054 Respiratory therapy technicians2 .................. 26 35 9 VL 34.2 VH .0 6 VL

29-2055 Surgical technologists2 ................................. 72 92 20 VL 27.9 VH .0 15 VL

29-2056 Veterinary technologists and technicians2 .... 53 76 23 L 44.1 VH .0 12 VL

29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed vocational

nurses .................................................... 702 844 142 H 20.2 H .6 115 L

29-2071 Medical records and health information

technicians ............................................. 147 216 69 L 46.8 VH 1.1 28 VL

29-2081 Opticians, dispensing2 ...................................... 63 75 11 VL 18.2 H 2.8 11 VL

29-2090 Miscelaneous health technologists and

technicians ............................................. 5 6 1 – 18.9 – 2.1 1 –

29-2091 Orthotists and prosthetists5 .......................... 5 6 1 VL 18.9 H 2.1 1 VL

29-9000 Other healthcare practitioners and technical

occupations ............................................ 56 65 10 – 17.4 – 1.8 10 –

29-9010 Occupational health and safety specialists and

technicians5 ........................................... 41 47 5 VL 13.2 L 2.4 7 VL

29-9090 Miscelaneous health practitioners and

technical workers ................................... 14 19 4 – 29.9 – .1 3 –

29-9091 Athletic trainers5 ........................................... 14 19 4 VL 29.9 VH .1 3 VL

29-9199 All other health practitioners and technical

workers .................................................. 190 241 52 L 27.2 VH 1.8 34 VL

31-3900 Service occupations ................................................... 26,569 31,905 5,336 – 20.1 – 7.5 7,204 –

31-0000 Healthcare support occupations ............................... 3,310 4,452 1,143 – 34.5 – 3.5 795 –

31-1000 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ........ 2,014 2,645 630 – 31.3 – 1.6 517 –

31-1011 Home health aides ............................................ 580 859 279 VH 48.1 VH 1.6 168 H

31-1012 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants .......... 1,375 1,718 343 VH 24.9 VH 1.6 336 VH

31-1013 Psychiatric aides ............................................... 59 68 9 VL 14.5 L 1.7 13 VL

31-2000 Occupational and physical therapist assistants

and aides ............................................... 114 164 50 – 44.2 – 1.0 26 –

31-2010 Occupational therapist assistants and aides .... 27 38 11 – 40.2 – 2.9 5 –

31-2011 Occupational therapist assistants2,8 ............. 18 26 7 VL 39.2 VH 2.9 3 VL

31-2012 Occupational therapist aides2,8 .................... 8 12 4 VL 42.6 VH 2.9 1 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
85

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

 29-11252 1 VL 30,540 H VL VH Bachelor’s degree SC/C 12.5 22.3 65.2

 29-11262 6 VL 40,220 H VL H Associate degree SC/C 4.8 67.6 27.6

 29-11272 5 VL 49,450 VH VL VH Master’s degree C 1.7 1.4 97.0

 29-11312 3 VL 63,090 VH VL L First professional degree C – 1.2 98.8

 29-11982 5 VL 52,430 VH VL H Bachelor’s degree C 7.3 9.4 83.3

100 – – – – – – – – – – 29-2000

14 – – – – – – – – – – 29-2010

7 VL 42,910 VH VL H Bachelor’s degree SC/C 14.8 35.5 49.7 29-2011

7 VL 29,040 H VL H Associate degree SC/C 14.8 35.5 49.7 29-2012

8 L 55,320 VH VL VH Associate degree SC/C 5.3 62.6 32.1 29-2021

12 – – – – – – – – – – 29-2030

2 VL 36,430 H VL H Associate degree SC/C 10.6 65.8 23.6 29-2031

2 VL 48,660 VH VL H Associate degree SC/C 10.6 65.8 23.6 29-2032

 29-20333 1 VL 48,750 VH VL H Associate degree SC/C 12.1 66.6 21.3

7 VL 38,970 H VL H Associate degree SC/C 10.6 65.8 23.6 29-2034

8 L 24,030 L VL L Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 24.4 62.9 12.7 29-2041

18 – – – – – – – – – – 29-2050

 29-20512 1 VL 22,490 L VL H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

 29-20522 9 L 22,250 L VL H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

 29-20532 1 VL 25,710 L VL H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

 29-20542 1 VL 34,130 H VL H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

 29-20552 3 VL 31,210 H VL H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

 29-20562 3 VL 22,950 L VL H Associate degree HS/SC 33.7 54.0 12.3

29 H 31,440 H L H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 23.2 71.7 5.1 29-2061

9 L 23,890 L H H Associate degree HS/SC 35.5 48.1 16.4 29-2071

 29-20812 2 VL 25,600 L VL H Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 22.2 60.1 17.7

0– – – – – – – – – – 29-2090

 29-20915 0 VL 46,260 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 31.0 47.0 22.0

2– – – – – – – – – – 29-9000

 29-90105 1 VL 46,010 VH VL L Bachelor’s degree C 9.2 17.5 73.3

1– – – – – – – – – – 29-9090

 29-90915 1 VL 33,820 H VL L Bachelor’s degree C 9.2 17.5 73.3

9 L 31,690 H VL L Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 31.0 47.0 22.0 29-9199

1,296 – – – – – – – – – – 31-3900

167 – – – – – – – – – – 31-0000

89 – – – – – – – – – – 31-1000

35 H 18,090 VL H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 62.7 31.4 5.9 31-1011

52 H 19,960 L H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 62.7 31.4 5.9 31-1012

2 VL 22,970 L H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 62.7 31.4 5.9 31-1013

7– – – – – – – – – – 31-2000

1– – – – – – – – – – 31-2010

 31-20112,8 1 VL 36,660 H VL H Associate degree SC 19.9 63.0 17.1

 31-20122,8 0 VL 22,040 L VL H Short-term on-the-job SC 19.9 63.0 17.1

See footnotes at end of table.
86

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

31-2020 Physical therapist assistants and aides ............ 87 127 40 – 45.4 – .4 21 –

31-2021 Physical therapist assistants2 ....................... 50 73 22 L 44.6 VH .4 12 VL

31-2022 Physical therapist aides2 .............................. 37 54 17 VL 46.4 VH .4 9 VL

31-9000 Other healthcare support occupations .................. 1,182 1,644 462 – 39.1 – 7.1 252 –

31-9011 Massage therapists ........................................... 92 117 25 L 27.0 VH 70.1 27 VL

31-9090 Miscellaneous healthcare support

occupations ............................................ 1,090 1,527 437 – 40.1 – 1.8 225 –

31-9091 Dental assistants .......................................... 266 379 113 H 42.5 VH .0 39 L

31-9092 Medical assistants ........................................ 365 579 215 H 58.9 VH 2.3 95 L

31-9093 Medical equipment preparers ....................... 36 43 7 VL 18.1 H 2.2 7 VL

31-9094 Medical transcriptionists ............................... 101 124 23 L 22.6 VH 2.3 20 VL

31-9095 Pharmacy aides ............................................ 60 71 11 VL 17.6 H 2.3 11 VL

31-9096 Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal

caretakers .............................................. 63 79 16 VL 26.2 VH 2.1 13 VL

31-9099 All other healthcare support workers ............ 198 251 53 L 26.6 VH 2.5 40 L

33-0000 Protective service occupations ................................. 3,116 3,885 769 – 24.7 – .9 569 –

33-1000 First-line supervisors/managers, protective

service workers ...................................... 266 315 49 – 18.4 – .7 35 –

33-1010 First-line supervisors/managers, law

enforcement workers ............................. 147 171 24 – 16.1 – .0 19 –

33-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of

correctional officers ................................ 33 40 6 VL 19.0 H .0 4 VL

33-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of police

and detectives ........................................ 114 131 17 VL 15.2 H .0 15 VL

33-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting

and prevention workers2 ........................ 63 74 12 VL 18.7 H .0 8 VL

33-1099 All other first-line supervisors/managers,

protective service workers ..................... 56 70 13 VL 23.9 VH 3.5 8 VL

33-2000 Fire fighting and prevention workers ..................... 296 356 60 – 20.3 – .0 33 –

33-2011 Fire fighters ....................................................... 282 340 58 L 20.7 H .0 31 VL

33-2020 Fire inspectors3 ................................................. 14 16 2 VL 11.6 L .0 1 VL

33-3000 Law enforcement workers ..................................... 1,179 1,460 281 – 23.9 – .0 144 –

33-3010 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ............ 442 547 105 – 23.7 – .0 55 –

33-3011 Bailiffs3 .......................................................... 15 16 1 VL 9.5 L .0 2 VL

33-3012 Correctional officers and jailers .................... 427 531 103 H 24.2 VH .0 54 L

33-3021 Detectives and criminal investigators ............... 94 115 21 L 22.4 VH .0 12 VL

33-3031 Fish and game wardens2,8 ............................... 8 8 1 VL 7.1 VL .0 1 VL

33-3041 Parking enforcement workers2,8 ....................... 11 12 1 VL 11.5 L .0 1 VL

33-3050 Police officers ................................................... 625 779 154 – 24.6 – .0 74 –

33-3051 Police and sheriff’s patrol officers ................. 619 772 153 H 24.7 VH .0 73 L

33-3052 Transit and railroad police8 ........................... 6 7 1 VL 15.9 H .0 1 VL

33-9000 Other protective service workers .......................... 1,374 1,753 379 – 27.6 – 1.9 357 –

33-9011 Animal control workers8 .................................... 11 12 1 VL 12.6 L 1.6 2 VL

33-9021 Private detectives and investigators ................. 48 60 12 VL 25.3 VH 34.7 10 VL

33-9030 Security guards and gaming surveillance

officers ................................................... 1,004 1,324 319 – 31.8 – .9 261 –

33-9031 Gaming surveillance officers and gaming

investigators5 ......................................... 9 11 2 VL 24.6 VH .9 2 VL

33-9032 Security guards ............................................. 995 1,313 317 VH 31.8 VH .9 259 H

33-9091 Crossing guards2 .............................................. 74 86 12 VL 16.5 H .0 21 VL

33-9095 All other protective service workers .................. 237 271 34 L 14.3 L .0 64 L

35-0000 Food preparation and serving related occupations ... 10,200 11,807 1,607 – 15.8 – 1.0 3,498 –

35-1000 Supervisors, food preparation and serving

workers .................................................. 824 952 128 – 15.6 – 4.9 201 –

35-1011 Chefs and head cooks ...................................... 132 153 21 L 15.8 H 7.4 35 L

35-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of food

preparation and serving workers ............ 692 800 107 H 15.5 H 4.5 166 H

35-2000 Cooks and food preparation workers .................... 2,836 3,182 346 – 12.2 – 1.2 879 –

See footnotes at end of table.
87

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

5– – – – – – – – – – 31-2020

 31-20212 3 VL 36,080 H VL H Associate degree SC/C 16.0 61.5 22.5

 31-20222 2 VL 20,670 L VL H Short-term on-the-job SC/C 16.0 61.5 22.5

71 – – – – – – – – – – 31-9000

4 VL 28,610 H L VH Postsecondary vocational award SC/C 17.7 47.0 35.3 31-9011

66 – – – – – – – – – – 31-9090

19 L 27,240 L VL VH Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 34.2 57.4 8.4 31-9091

28 H 23,940 L L H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5 31-9092

1 VL 22,960 L L H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5 31-9093

4 VL 27,140 L L H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5 31-9094

2 VL 18,430 VL L H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5 31-9095

3 VL 17,790 VL L H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5 31-9096

9 L 23,690 L L H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 36.6 49.8 13.5 31-9099

165 – – – – – – – – – – 33-0000

14 – – – – – – – – – – 33-1000

7– – – – – – – – – – 33-1010

2 VL 44,940 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 27.7 46.6 25.8 33-1011

5 VL 61,010 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 17.2 54.3 28.4 33-1012

 33-10212 4 VL 55,450 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 17.8 57.2 25.0

3 VL 34,320 H VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 31.1 46.2 22.8 33-1099

15 – – – – – – – – – – 33-2000

14 L 36,230 H VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 25.9 57.8 16.3 33-2011

 33-20203 1 VL 44,250 VH H L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 44.7 38.9 16.4

56 – – – – – – – – – – 33-3000

20 – – – – – – – – – – 33-3010

 33-30113 0 VL 32,710 H VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 44.8 43.9 11.3

19 L 32,670 H VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 43.1 46.9 10.0 33-3012

5 VL 51,410 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 9.4 35.0 55.6 33-3021

 33-30312,8 0 VL 41,010 H VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 28.7 47.3 24.0

 33-30412,8 0 VL 28,110 H VL L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 28.7 47.3 24.0

32 – – – – – – – – – – 33-3050

31 H 42,270 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job SC/C 18.8 53.4 27.8 33-3051

 33-30528 0 VL 43,710 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 21.0 52.1 26.9

80 – – – – – – – – – – 33-9000

 33-90118 1 VL 24,780 L VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 53.7 32.6 13.6

2 VL 29,300 H L L Work experience in a related occupation SC/C 18.4 35.9 45.8 33-9021

54 – – – – – – – – – – 33-9030

 33-90315 0 VL 23,110 L H H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 52.5 34.7 12.8

53 H 19,140 VL H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 52.5 34.7 12.8 33-9032

 33-90912 4 VL 18,680 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 76.0 23.3 .6

20 L 23,410 L VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 39.9 37.0 23.1 33-9095

566 – – – – – – – – – – 35-0000

33 – – – – – – – – – – 35-1000

6 VL 27,940 H H L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 47.7 38.0 14.3 35-1011

27 H 24,390 L H L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 56.2 30.3 13.5 35-1012

126 – – – – – – – – – – 35-2000

See footnotes at end of table.
88

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

35-2010 Cooks ................................................................ 1,986 2,160 174 – 8.8 – 1.4 587 –

35-2011 Cooks, fast food ............................................ 588 617 29 L 5.0 VL 1.5 169 H

35-2012 Cooks, institution and cafeteria ..................... 436 445 9 VL 2.1 VL 1.5 122 H

35-2013 Cooks, private household1,5 ......................... 8 8 0 VL -5.4 VL .0 2 VL

35-2014 Cooks, restaurant ......................................... 727 843 116 H 15.9 H 1.3 227 H

35-2015 Cooks, short order ........................................ 227 247 20 VL 9.0 L 1.4 67 L

35-2021 Food preparation workers ................................. 850 1,022 172 H 20.2 H .6 292 VH

35-3000 Food and beverage serving workers .................... 5,211 6,171 960 – 18.4 – .4 1,953 –

35-3011 Bartenders ........................................................ 463 503 40 L 8.6 VL 1.9 104 L

35-3020 Fast food and counter workers ......................... 2,457 2,989 532 – 21.7 – .2 1,018 –

35-3021 Combined food preparation and serving

workers, including fast food2 .................. 1,990 2,444 454 VH 22.8 VH .1 813 VH

35-3022 Counter attendants, cafeteria, food

concession, and coffee shop ................. 467 545 78 L 16.7 H .9 205 H

35-3031 Waiters and waitresses ..................................... 2,097 2,464 367 VH 17.5 H .3 781 VH

35-3041 Food servers, nonrestaurant ............................. 195 215 20 VL 10.4 L .5 49 L

35-9000 Other food preparation and serving related

workers .................................................. 1,328 1,502 173 – 13.0 – .3 465 –

35-9011 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and

bartender helpers ................................... 409 470 61 L 14.9 H .1 153 H

35-9021 Dishwashers ..................................................... 505 551 46 L 9.0 L .1 174 H

35-9031 Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and

coffee shop ............................................ 298 347 49 L 16.4 H .6 103 L

35-9098 All other food preparation and serving related

workers .................................................. 117 134 18 VL 15.2 H 1.5 36 L

37-0000 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations ............................................ 5,485 6,386 901 – 16.4 – 11.3 1,186 –

37-1000 Supervisors, building and grounds cleaning and

maintenance workers ............................. 380 449 70 – 18.4 – 17.0 50 –

37-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of

housekeeping and janitorial workers ...... 230 267 37 L 16.2 H 5.6 30 VL

37-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of

landscaping, lawn service, and

groundskeeping workers ........................ 150 182 32 L 21.6 H 34.7 19 VL

37-2000 Building cleaning and pest control workers .......... 3,820 4,381 561 – 14.7 – 6.4 871 –

37-2010 Building cleaning workers ................................. 3,759 4,309 550 – 14.6 – 6.4 859 –

37-2011 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and

housekeeping cleaners .......................... 2,267 2,681 414 VH 18.3 H 4.7 492 VH

37-2012 Maids and housekeeping cleaners ............... 1,492 1,629 137 H 9.2 L 9.0 367 VH

37-2021 Pest control workers2 ........................................ 62 72 10 VL 17.0 H 9.1 12 VL

37-3000 Grounds maintenance workers ............................. 1,285 1,555 270 – 21.0 – 23.9 265 –

37-3010 Grounds maintenance workers ......................... 1,160 1,410 250 – 21.6 – 23.5 240 –

37-3011 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers .. 1,074 1,311 237 H 22.0 VH 23.3 223 H

37-3012 Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and

applicators, vegetation ........................... 27 30 3 VL 9.7 L 26.5 5 VL

37-3013 Tree trimmers and pruners ........................... 59 69 11 VL 18.6 H 25.6 12 VL

37-9099 All other building and grounds cleaning and

maintenance workers ............................. 125 145 20 VL 16.1 H 27.6 25 VL

39-0000 Personal care and service occupations .................... 4,458 5,375 917 – 20.6 – 25.6 1,156 –

39-1000 Supervisors, personal care and service workers .. 276 305 29 – 10.7 – 45.8 37 –

39-1010 First-line supervisors/managers of gaming

workers .................................................. 60 69 9 – 15.4 – 32.9 10 –

39-1011 Gaming supervisors ...................................... 39 45 6 VL 15.7 H 33.8 6 VL

39-1012 Slot key persons ........................................... 21 24 3 VL 14.8 H 31.2 3 VL

39-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of personal

service workers ...................................... 216 236 20 VL 9.4 L 49.4 27 VL

39-2000 Animal care and service workers .......................... 151 183 32 – 20.8 – 32.9 40 –

39-2011 Animal trainers .................................................. 26 30 4 VL 14.3 L 60.0 5 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
89

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

79 – – – – – – – – – – 35-2010

21 L 14,350 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 78.3 16.4 5.3 35-2011

14 L 18,140 VL VH VH Moderate-term on-the-job HS 78.3 16.4 5.3 35-2012

 35-20131,5 0 VL 16,692 VL VH VH Long-term on-the-job HS 78.3 16.4 5.3

34 H 19,050 VL VH VH Long-term on-the-job HS 78.3 16.4 5.3 35-2014

9 L 16,270 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 78.3 16.4 5.3 35-2015

47 H 16,330 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 76.9 17.7 5.4 35-2021

345 – – – – – – – – – – 35-3000

22 L 15,000 VL H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 49.2 37.9 12.9 35-3011

170 – – – – – – – – – – 35-3020

 35-30212 132 VH 14,500 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 76.7 18.1 5.3

38 H 15,230 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.0 20.1 7.9 35-3022

145 VH 14,150 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 55.2 32.3 12.5 35-3031

9 L 15,640 VL H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.2 24.1 5.6 35-3041

61 – – – – – – – – – – 35-9000

20 L 14,530 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 78.4 14.6 7.0 35-9011

22 L 14,860 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 89.6 7.4 3.0 35-9021

14 L 15,310 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 48.1 32.3 19.6 35-9031

5 VL 16,320 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 78.3 16.4 5.3 35-9098

200 – – – – – – – – – – 37-0000

14 – – – – – – – – – – 37-1000

9 L 28,140 H L L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 61.7 29.6 8.6 37-1011

5 VL 33,050 H VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.7 29.5 19.8 37-1012

131 – – – – – – – – – – 37-2000

129 – – – – – – – – – – 37-2010

84 VH 18,250 VL H H Short-term on-the-job HS 79.2 17.3 3.5 37-2011

45 H 16,440 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 81.5 13.9 4.6 37-2012

 37-20212 2 VL 24,760 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 60.2 34.4 5.4

55 – – – – – – – – – – 37-3000

50 – – – – – – – – – – 37-3010

47 H 19,770 L VH H Short-term on-the-job HS 76.5 17.7 5.8 37-3011

1 VL 24,830 L VH H Moderate-term on-the-job HS 76.5 17.7 5.8 37-3012

2 VL 25,110 L VH H Short-term on-the-job HS 76.5 17.7 5.8 37-3013

5 VL 20,990 L VH H Short-term on-the-job HS 79.2 17.3 3.5 37-9099

198 – – – – – – – – – – 39-0000

10 – – – – – – – – – – 39-1000

2– – – – – – – – – – 39-1010

1 VL 39,290 H L H Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 35.4 31.5 33.1 39-1011

1 VL 22,870 L L H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 35.4 31.5 33.1 39-1012

7 L 28,960 H VL H Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 45.6 39.7 14.8 39-1021

7– – – – – – – – – – 39-2000

1 VL 22,950 L H H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 47.5 28.3 24.2 39-2011

See footnotes at end of table.
90

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

39-2021 Nonfarm animal caretakers ............................... 125 153 28 L 22.2 VH 27.3 35 L

39-3000 Entertainment attendants and related workers ..... 507 626 119 – 23.6 – 1.0 161 –

39-3010 Gaming services workers ................................. 92 115 23 – 24.7 – 2.4 35 –

39-3011 Gaming dealers ............................................ 78 97 19 VL 24.7 VH 2.5 29 VL

39-3012 Gaming and sports book writers and

runners5 ................................................. 14 18 3 VL 24.4 VH 2.0 5 VL

39-3021 Motion picture projectionists2,8 ......................... 9 9 0 VL .4 VL .0 1 VL

39-3031 Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers2,3 .. 105 121 16 VL 15.5 H 1.1 29 VL

39-3090 Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and

related workers ...................................... 261 333 72 – 27.6 – .4 83 –

39-3091 Amusement and recreation attendants ......... 234 299 65 L 27.8 VH .4 75 L

39-3092 Costume attendants5 .................................... 4 5 1 VL 25.1 VH .4 1 VL

39-3093 Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room

attendants4 ............................................. 23 29 6 VL 26.5 VH .3 7 VL

39-3199 All other gaming service workers ...................... 40 49 9 VL 21.3 H 2.0 13 VL

39-4000 Funeral service workers ........................................ 33 38 5 – 16.7 – .0 4 –

39-4011 Embalmers7 ...................................................... 7 7 1 VL 8.3 VL .0 1 VL

39-4021 Funeral attendants7 .......................................... 26 31 5 VL 18.9 H .0 4 VL

39-5000 Personal appearance workers .............................. 754 865 111 – 14.7 – 46.2 94 –

39-5010 Barbers and cosmetologists ............................. 651 741 90 – 13.8 – 47.2 80 –

39-5011 Barbers ......................................................... 66 70 4 VL 6.4 VL 72.6 7 VL

39-5012 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and

cosmetologists ....................................... 585 671 86 H 14.7 H 44.3 73 L

39-5090 Miscellaneous personal appearance workers ... 103 124 21 – 20.3 – 39.6 14 –

39-5091 Makeup artists, theatrical and

performance5 ......................................... 2 2 0 VL 18.2 H 50.6 0 VL

39-5092 Manicurists and pedicurists .......................... 51 63 12 VL 22.7 VH 39.7 7 VL

39-5093 Shampooers ................................................. 25 29 4 VL 16.6 H 40.2 3 VL

39-5094 Skin care specialists ..................................... 25 30 5 VL 19.4 H 38.2 3 VL

39-6000 Transportation, tourism, and lodging attendants .. 248 284 36 – 14.7 – 2.4 63 –

39-6010 Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges ..... 75 86 11 – 14.6 – .3 21 –

39-6011 Baggage porters and bellhops2 .................... 58 67 8 VL 14.4 L .3 16 VL

39-6012 Concierges2,3 ............................................... 17 20 3 VL 15.3 H .3 5 VL

39-6020 Tour and travel guides ...................................... 43 47 4 – 9.3 – 13.3 11 –

39-6021 Tour guides and escorts2 .............................. 36 40 4 VL 11.0 L 13.2 10 VL

39-6022 Travel guides2,5 ............................................ 6 6 0 VL -.3 VL 14.1 2 VL

39-6030 Transportation attendants ................................. 130 152 22 – 16.5 – .0 31 –

39-6031 Flight attendants2 .......................................... 104 121 17 VL 16.0 H .0 25 VL

39-6032 Transportation attendants, except flight

attendants and baggage porters2 .......... 26 31 5 VL 18.9 H .2 6 VL

39-9000 Other personal care and service workers ............. 2,490 3,073 583 – 23.4 – 24.3 757 –

39-9011 Child care workers ............................................ 1,211 1,353 142 H 11.7 L 43.4 429 VH

39-9021 Personal and home care aides ......................... 608 854 246 VH 40.5 VH 7.1 181 H

39-9030 Recreation and fitness workers ........................ 485 628 143 – 29.5 – 5.6 105 –

39-9031 Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors ...... 183 264 81 H 44.4 VH 5.4 45 L

39-9032 Recreation workers ....................................... 302 364 62 L 20.5 H 5.7 61 L

39-9041 Residential advisors .......................................... 53 71 18 VL 33.6 VH .7 14 VL

39-9099 Personal care and service workers, all other .... 134 168 35 L 25.9 VH 6.7 28 VL

41-0000 Sales and related occupations .................................. 15,260 17,231 1,971 – 12.9 – 11.9 3,624 –

41-1000 Supervisors, sales workers ....................................... 2,395 2,599 204 – 8.5 – 35.9 336 –

41-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales

workers .................................................. 1,798 1,962 163 H 9.1 L 33.0 262 H

41-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail

sales workers ......................................... 597 637 41 L 6.8 VL 44.7 74 L

41-2000 Retail sales workers .................................................. 8,224 9,392 1,167 – 14.2 – 2.7 2,594 –

41-2010 Cashiers ................................................................ 3,465 3,927 462 – 13.3 – 1.0 1,312 –

41-2011 Cashiers, except gaming .................................. 3,432 3,886 454 VH 13.2 L 1.0 1,299 VH

See footnotes at end of table.
91

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

6 VL 17,080 VL H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 55.6 31.7 12.7 39-2021

30 – – – – – – – – – – 39-3000

5– – – – – – – – – – 39-3010

4 VL 14,090 VL H H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 51.4 35.3 13.3 39-3011

 39-30125 1 VL 18,660 VL H H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 51.4 35.3 13.3

 39-30212,8 0 VL 16,580 VL VH H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 56.4 33.4 10.2

 39-30312,3 8 L 14,600 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 49.8 30.9 19.3

15 – – – – – – – – – – 39-3090

13 L 14,920 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 45.8 40.5 13.7 39-3091

 39-30925 0 VL 24,160 L VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 45.8 40.5 13.7

 39-30934 1 VL 16,930 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 56.9 34.0 9.1

2 VL 17,970 VL VH VH Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 51.4 35.3 13.3 39-3199

1– – – – – – – – – – 39-4000

 39-40117 0 VL 34,240 H L VH Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 37.1 42.3 20.6

 39-40217 1 VL 18,190 VL L VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 37.1 42.3 20.6

26 – – – – – – – – – – 39-5000

22 – – – – – – – – – – 39-5010

2 VL 19,550 VL VL H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 59.7 38.6 1.7 39-5011

20 L 18,960 VL VL VH Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 55.7 40.2 4.1 39-5012

4– – – – – – – – – – 39-5090

 39-50915 0 VL 24,730 L L VH Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 58.6 32.8 8.7

2 VL 17,330 VL L VH Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 58.6 32.8 8.7 39-5092

1 VL 14,360 VL L VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 58.6 32.8 8.7 39-5093

1 VL 22,450 L L VH Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 58.6 32.8 8.7 39-5094

8– – – – – – – – – – 39-6000

3– – – – – – – – – – 39-6010

 39-60112 2 VL 17,860 VL H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 44.5 45.8 9.6

 39-60122,3 1 VL 21,720 L H H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 51.9 36.1 12.0

2– – – – – – – – – – 39-6020

 39-60212 1 VL 18,500 VL VH VH Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 41.7 23.7 34.7

 39-60222,5 0 VL 26,110 L VH VH Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 41.7 23.7 34.7

4– – – – – – – – – – 39-6030

 39-60312 3 VL 43,140 VH H VH Long-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 25.3 37.9 36.7

 39-60322 1 VL 18,720 VL H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 25.3 37.9 36.7

116 – – – – – – – – – – 39-9000

47 H 16,350 VL H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 52.9 34.4 12.7 39-9011

34 H 16,250 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 59.6 32.1 8.2 39-9021

25 – – – – – – – – – – 39-9030

12 L 23,950 L H VH Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 22.0 30.6 47.4 39-9031

13 L 18,060 VL H VH Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 22.0 30.6 47.4 39-9032

3 VL 20,700 L L H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 31.8 43.2 24.9 39-9041

6 VL 17,820 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 40.1 38.9 21.0 39-9099

690 – – – – – – – – – – 41-0000

64 – – – – – – – – – – 41-1000

49 H 29,700 H VL L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 41.1 34.4 24.5 41-1011

15 L 53,020 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 34.9 28.7 36.4 41-1012

458 – – – – – – – – – – 41-2000

215 – – – – – – – – – – 41-2010

212 VH 15,420 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 66.1 25.6 8.3 41-2011

See footnotes at end of table.
92

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

41-2012 Gaming change persons and booth cashiers3 .. 33 41 8 VL 24.1 VH 1.0 14 VL

41-2020 Counter and rental clerks and parts

salespersons .......................................... 683 793 109 – 16.0 – 1.3 197 –

41-2021 Counter and rental clerks .................................. 436 550 114 H 26.2 VH 1.3 161 H

41-2022 Parts salespersons ........................................... 248 243 -5 VL -2.0 VL 1.5 36 L

41-2031 Retail salespersons .............................................. 4,076 4,672 596 VH 14.6 H 4.3 1,084 VH

41-3000 Sales representatives, services ................................ 957 1,033 76 – 7.9 – 17.1 133 –

41-3011 Advertising sales agents ....................................... 157 178 21 L 13.4 L 9.5 25 VL

41-3021 Insurance sales agents ......................................... 381 413 32 L 8.4 VL 26.2 54 L

41-3031 Securities, commodities, and financial services

sales agents ........................................... 300 339 39 L 13.0 L 12.8 41 L

41-3041 Travel agents2 ...................................................... 118 102 -16 VL -13.8 VL 9.2 13 VL

41-4000 Sales representatives, wholesale and

manufacturing ........................................ 1,857 2,213 356 – 19.2 – 4.6 220 –

41-4011 Sales representatives, wholesale and

manufacturing, technical and scientific

products2 ................................................ 398 475 77 L 19.3 H 4.6 47 L

41-4012 Sales representatives, wholesale and

manufacturing, except technical and

scientific products2 ................................. 1,459 1,738 279 VH 19.2 H 4.6 173 H

41-9000 Other sales and related workers ............................... 1,827 1,994 167 – 9.2 – 26.9 341 –

41-9010 Models, demonstrators, and product promoters ... 179 210 30 – 16.9 – 42.3 43 –

41-9011 Demonstrators and product promoters ............. 175 204 30 L 17.0 H 42.1 41 L

41-9012 Models5 ............................................................. 5 5 1 VL 14.5 L 49.1 1 VL

41-9020 Real estate brokers and sales agents .................. 407 427 20 – 4.9 – 59.1 46 –

41-9021 Real estate brokers ........................................... 99 101 2 VL 2.4 VL 59.1 11 VL

41-9022 Real estate sales agents .................................. 308 325 18 VL 5.7 VL 59.0 35 L

41-9031 Sales engineers2 .................................................. 82 98 16 VL 19.9 H .6 7 VL

41-9041 Telemarketers ....................................................... 428 406 -21 VL -4.9 VL 1.0 88 L

41-9091 Door-to-door sales workers, news and street

vendors, and related workers ................. 155 137 -18 VL -11.8 VL 82.8 37 L

41-9098 All other sales and related workers ....................... 577 717 140 H 24.3 VH 7.3 122 L

43-0000 Office and administrative support occupations ...... 23,851 25,464 1,613 – 6.8 – 1.6 4,322 –

43-1000 Supervisors, office and administrative support

workers .................................................. 1,459 1,555 96 – 6.6 – .9 144 –

43-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of office and

administrative support workers .............. 1,459 1,555 96 H 6.6 VL .9 144 H

43-2000 Communications equipment operators ..................... 304 272 -32 – -10.5 – .9 55 –

43-2011 Switchboard operators, including answering

service .................................................... 236 236 1 VL .2 VL .9 48 L

43-2021 Telephone operators ............................................. 50 22 -28 VL -56.3 VL 1.1 5 VL

43-2099 All other communications equipment operators8 .. 18 14 -5 VL -24.6 VL .0 3 VL

43-3000 Financial clerks ......................................................... 3,726 3,987 261 – 7.0 – 4.7 616 –

43-3011 Bill and account collectors .................................... 413 514 101 H 24.4 VH .9 84 L

43-3021 Billing and posting clerks and machine

operators ................................................ 507 547 40 L 7.9 VL 2.2 81 L

43-3031 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks ...... 1,983 2,042 59 L 3.0 VL 7.9 278 VH

43-3041 Gaming cage workers8 ......................................... 18 21 3 VL 14.5 L .0 7 VL

43-3051 Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. 198 211 13 VL 6.5 VL .5 20 VL

43-3061 Procurement clerks ............................................... 77 72 -5 VL -6.7 VL .0 13 VL

43-3071 Tellers ................................................................... 530 580 50 L 9.4 L .2 132 H

43-4000 Information and record clerks ................................... 5,394 6,310 916 – 17.0 – .7 1,297 –

43-4011 Brokerage clerks3 ................................................. 78 67 -11 VL -14.7 VL .0 9 VL

43-4021 Correspondence clerks8 ....................................... 33 33 0 VL -1.4 VL .0 7 VL

43-4031 Court, municipal, and license clerks ..................... 106 119 13 VL 12.3 L 2.6 15 VL

43-4041 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks ............... 80 74 -5 VL -6.7 VL .0 15 VL

43-4051 Customer service representatives ........................ 1,894 2,354 460 VH 24.3 VH .5 465 VH

See footnotes at end of table.
93

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

 41-20123 2 VL 19,600 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 66.7 24.7 8.6

35 – – – – – – – – – – 41-2020

28 H 17,280 VL H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 49.1 28.1 22.8 41-2021

7 VL 23,950 L L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 67.3 27.8 4.9 41-2022

208 VH 17,710 VL H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 42.0 32.9 25.1 41-2031

27 – – – – – – – – – – 41-3000

5 VL 37,670 H L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 20.6 28.6 50.8 41-3011

12 L 40,750 H VL L Bachelor’s degree HS/SC/C 22.6 34.0 43.4 41-3021

7 VL 60,990 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree SC/C 11.9 21.0 67.1 41-3031

 41-30412 3 VL 26,630 L H H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 27.9 44.1 28.0

84 – – – – – – – – – – 41-4000

 41-40112 18 L 55,740 VH L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 24.5 27.0 48.5

 41-40122 66 VH 42,730 VH L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 24.5 27.0 48.5

57 – – – – – – – – – – 41-9000

7– – – – – – – – – – 41-9010

7 VL 20,380 L H VH Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 26.5 38.3 35.2 41-9011

 41-90125 0 VL 21,400 L H VH Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 26.5 38.3 35.2

10 – – – – – – – – – – 41-9020

2 VL 50,330 VH VL H Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 22.2 37.0 40.7 41-9021

8 L 30,930 H VL H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 22.2 37.0 40.7 41-9022

 41-90312 4 VL 63,660 VH L VL Bachelor’s degree C 4.2 15.9 79.9

7 VL 19,550 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 54.8 33.6 11.6 41-9041

4 VL 25,340 L H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 46.1 31.3 22.6 41-9091

25 H 35,170 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 22.4 30.5 47.1 41-9098

750 – – – – – – – – – – 43-0000

41 – – – – – – – – – – 43-1000

41 H 38,820 H L L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 33.1 39.5 27.3 43-1011

8– – – – – – – – – – 43-2000

6 VL 21,190 L H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 54.6 34.0 11.4 43-2011

1 VL 28,600 H H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 42.3 48.0 9.7 43-2021

 43-20998 0 VL 31,640 H VH L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 53.5 38.5 8.0

114 – – – – – – – – – – 43-3000

18 L 26,780 L L L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 45.6 35.7 18.7 43-3011

13 L 26,110 L L H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 39.3 43.9 16.8 43-3021

43 H 27,380 H L H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 40.4 43.8 15.8 43-3031

 43-30418 1 VL 21,780 L VL VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 43.6 42.5 13.9

7 VL 29,000 H L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 37.9 46.8 15.2 43-3051

2 VL 29,600 H VL L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 55.7 30.9 13.4 43-3061

31 H 20,400 L L VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 44.3 42.9 12.7 43-3071

213 – – – – – – – – – – 43-4000

 43-40113 1 VL 33,210 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 31.7 40.4 27.9

 43-40218 1 VL 25,960 L VL L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 44.3 41.0 14.7

4 VL 27,300 L VL L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 39.9 46.1 14.0 43-4031

2 VL 26,690 L L L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 33.0 48.9 18.1 43-4041

74 VH 26,240 L H H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 38.3 40.3 21.4 43-4051

See footnotes at end of table.
94

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

43-4061 Eligibility interviewers, government programs ...... 94 83 -11 VL -11.6 VL .0 11 VL

43-4071 File clerks .............................................................. 265 264 -1 VL -.3 VL 1.2 62 L

43-4081 Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks ..................... 178 220 42 L 23.9 VH .0 51 L

43-4111 Interviewers, except eligibility and loan ................ 193 247 54 L 28.0 VH .7 51 L

43-4121 Library assistants, clerical ..................................... 120 146 26 L 21.5 H .1 30 VL

43-4131 Loan interviewers and clerks ................................ 170 146 -24 VL -14.3 VL 3.5 29 L

43-4141 New accounts clerks3 ........................................... 99 110 11 VL 11.2 L .0 25 VL

43-4151 Order clerks .......................................................... 330 311 -19 VL -5.7 VL .4 60 L

43-4161 Human resources assistants, except payroll and

timekeeping ............................................ 174 207 33 L 19.2 H .0 39 L

43-4171 Receptionists and information clerks .................... 1,100 1,425 325 VH 29.5 VH 1.2 335 VH

43-4181 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and

travel clerks2 .......................................... 177 199 22 L 12.2 L 1.1 37 L

43-4999 All other financial, information, and record

clerks ...................................................... 304 306 2 VL .5 VL .1 57 L

43-5000 Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and

distributing occupations ......................... 4,005 4,025 20 – .5 – .6 776 –

43-5011 Cargo and freight agents ...................................... 59 68 9 VL 15.5 H .1 9 VL

43-5021 Couriers and messengers ..................................... 132 138 5 VL 4.0 VL 6.9 25 VL

43-5030 Dispatchers ........................................................... 262 298 36 – 13.8 – .6 46 –

43-5031 Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers ........... 92 104 12 VL 12.7 L .6 16 VL

43-5032 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and

ambulance ............................................. 170 194 24 L 14.4 L .6 30 VL

43-5041 Meter readers, utilities2 ......................................... 54 46 -8 VL -14.1 VL .4 9 VL

43-5050 Postal service workers .......................................... 664 636 -28 – -4.3 – .0 42 –

43-5051 Postal service clerks ......................................... 77 77 0 VL -.5 VL .0 5 VL

43-5052 Postal service mail carriers2 ............................. 334 333 -2 VL -.5 VL .0 20 VL

43-5053 Postal service mail sorters, processors, and

processing machine operators ............... 253 226 -26 VL -10.5 VL .0 17 VL

43-5061 Production, planning, and expediting clerks2 ........ 288 328 40 L 14.0 L .4 55 L

43-5071 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ................... 803 827 24 L 3.0 VL .2 156 H

43-5081 Stock clerks and order fillers ................................. 1,628 1,560 -68 VL -4.2 VL .4 409 VH

43-5111 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,

recordkeeping ........................................ 81 93 12 VL 14.6 L 2.0 17 VL

43-5199 All other material recording, scheduling,

dispatching, and distributing workers ..... 34 32 -2 VL -6.9 VL .0 8 VL

43-6000 Secretaries and administrative assistants ................ 4,104 4,288 184 – 4.5 – 1.6 564 –

43-6011 Executive secretaries and administrative

assistants ............................................... 1,526 1,658 132 H 8.7 L 1.6 218 H

43-6012 Legal secretaries .................................................. 264 313 50 L 18.8 H 1.7 42 L

43-6013 Medical secretaries ............................................... 339 398 58 L 17.2 H 1.6 53 L

43-6014 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and

executive ................................................ 1,975 1,918 -57 VL -2.9 VL 1.6 251 H

43-9000 Other office and administrative support workers ...... 4,858 5,027 169 – 3.5 – 1.3 871 –

43-9011 Computer operators .............................................. 182 151 -30 VL -16.8 VL 1.7 25 VL

43-9020 Data entry and information processing workers ... 633 519 -114 – -18.1 – 4.1 106 –

43-9021 Data entry keyers .............................................. 392 371 -21 VL -5.4 VL 1.4 70 L

43-9022 Word processors and typists ............................ 241 148 -93 VL -38.6 VL 8.6 36 L

43-9031 Desktop publishers8 .............................................. 35 45 10 VL 29.2 VH .0 5 VL

43-9041 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks ..... 266 276 10 VL 3.6 VL .3 41 L

43-9051 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except

postal service ......................................... 170 165 -5 VL -2.9 VL .0 29 VL

43-9061 Office clerks, general ............................................ 2,991 3,301 310 VH 10.4 L .5 577 VH

43-9071 Office machine operators, except computer ......... 96 91 -4 VL -4.6 VL .0 17 VL

43-9081 Proofreaders and copy markers2,3 ....................... 27 26 -1 VL -4.8 VL 6.2 5 VL

43-9111 Statistical assistants3 ............................................ 23 22 -2 VL -7.2 VL .0 2 VL

43-9999 All other secretaries, administrative assistants,

and other office support workers ............ 435 431 -4 VL -.9 VL 3.4 64 L

45-0000 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............. 1,072 1,107 35 – 3.3 – 6.0 239 –

See footnotes at end of table.
95

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

3 VL 31,010 H VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 20.4 50.8 28.8 43-4061

8 L 20,020 L VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 44.7 40.5 14.8 43-4071

12 L 17,370 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 45.3 38.8 16.0 43-4081

10 L 21,690 L VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 30.1 50.3 19.6 43-4111

7 L 19,450 VL L VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 25.2 44.7 30.0 43-4121

2 VL 27,830 H L L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 33.3 42.8 23.9 43-4131

 43-41413 4 VL 25,200 L L H Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 41.0 43.0 16.0

7 L 24,810 L H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 51.6 36.5 11.8 43-4151

7 VL 30,410 H VL H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 28.8 48.8 22.4 43-4161

59 VH 21,150 L H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 49.7 38.6 11.8 43-4171

 43-41812 7 VL 25,350 L L H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 31.6 45.3 23.1

5 VL 30,030 H VL L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 26.8 50.3 22.9 43-4999

131 – – – – – – – – – – 43-5000

2 VL 31,410 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 50.1 36.7 13.2 43-5011

4 VL 19,390 VL H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 53.2 36.6 10.2 43-5021

9– – – – – – – – – – 43-5030

3 VL 27,660 H L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 44.1 43.7 12.2 43-5031

6 VL 30,280 H L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 44.1 43.7 12.2 43-5032

 43-50412 2 VL 28,830 H L VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 57.2 38.8 4.1

19 – – – – – – – – – – 43-5050

2 VL 39,700 H VL L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 43.8 41.5 14.7 43-5051

 43-50522 10 L 39,530 H VL VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 52.0 40.2 7.8

7 VL 38,150 H H VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 44.5 40.7 14.7 43-5053

 43-50612 11 L 33,650 H H L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 37.0 35.2 27.8

19 L 23,420 L H L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 64.5 28.6 6.9 43-5071

60 VH 19,270 VL VH H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 65.4 26.0 8.6 43-5081

3 VL 24,170 L H L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 56.4 30.6 13.0 43-5111

1 VL 25,890 L L H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 65.4 26.0 8.6 43-5199

103 – – – – – – – – – – 43-6000

42 H 33,410 H L H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 37.2 47.0 15.9 43-6011

10 L 35,020 H L H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 37.2 47.0 15.9 43-6012

12 L 25,430 L L H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 37.2 47.0 15.9 43-6013

38 H 25,290 L L H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 37.2 47.0 15.9 43-6014

140 – – – – – – – – – – 43-9000

4 VL 29,650 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 39.1 40.5 20.4 43-9011

15 – – – – – – – – – – 43-9020

9 L 22,390 L H H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 45.1 41.0 13.9 43-9021

5 VL 26,730 L H H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 37.6 48.2 14.2 43-9022

 43-90318 2 VL 31,620 H VL H Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 42.6 41.1 16.3

5 VL 28,870 H L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 39.4 44.4 16.2 43-9041

5 VL 21,190 L VH H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 56.9 36.0 7.1 43-9051

97 VH 22,280 L H VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 40.9 42.4 16.7 43-9061

2 VL 21,770 L H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 58.3 31.9 9.9 43-9071

 43-90812,3 1 VL 24,280 L H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 32.3 33.7 34.0

 43-91113 0 VL 29,470 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 35.6 35.8 28.6

9 L 25,840 L L H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 29.5 37.8 32.6 43-9999

33 – – – – – – – – – – 45-0000

See footnotes at end of table.
96

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

45-1000 Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers .. 52 58 6 VL 11.4 L 16.9 7 VL

45-2000 Agricultural workers .................................................. 804 840 36 – 4.5 – 1.4 188 –

45-2011 Agricultural inspectors3 ......................................... 16 17 1 VL 6.8 VL .0 4 VL

45-2021 Animal breeders8 .................................................. 9 10 1 VL 6.1 VL 47.4 1 VL

45-2041 Graders and sorters, agricultural products ........... 49 52 3 VL 6.7 VL .0 11 VL

45-2090 Miscellaneous agricultural workers ....................... 731 762 31 – 4.3 – 1.0 173 –

45-2091 Agricultural equipment operators ...................... 61 65 4 VL 7.3 VL 1.0 15 VL

45-2092 Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and

greenhouse ............................................ 617 641 24 L 4.0 VL 1.0 145 H

45-2093 Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals ............. 53 56 2 VL 4.4 VL .6 13 VL

45-3000 Fishing and hunting workers ..................................... 38 28 -10 – -25.5 – 54.3 6 –

45-3011 Fishers and related fishing workers2 .................... 36 27 -10 VL -26.8 VL 53.7 6 VL

45-3021 Hunters and trappers2,8 ........................................ 1 2 0 VL 6.4 VL 70.2 0 VL

45-4000 Forest, conservation, and logging workers ............... 81 80 -2 – -1.9 – 28.1 16 –

45-4011 Forest and conservation workers3 ........................ 14 15 1 VL 4.5 VL 11.8 3 VL

45-4020 Logging workers ................................................... 67 65 -2 – -3.2 – 31.5 14 –

45-4021 Fallers5 ............................................................. 14 14 0 VL -3.4 VL 25.9 3 VL

45-4022 Logging equipment operators3 ......................... 43 41 -2 VL -3.6 VL 29.3 9 VL

45-4023 Log graders and scalers5 .................................. 10 10 0 VL -1.2 VL 47.8 2 VL

45-9099 All other farming, fishing, and forestry workers ......... 96 101 4 VL 4.5 VL .9 22 VL

47-0000 Construction and extraction occupations ................ 7,292 8,388 1,096 – 15.0 – 16.5 1,110 –

47-1000 Supervisors, construction and extraction workers .... 633 722 89 – 14.1 – 20.1 72 –

47-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of construction

trades and extraction workers2 .............. 633 722 89 H 14.1 L 20.1 72 L

47-2000 Construction trades and related workers .................. 5,596 6,452 857 – 15.3 – 18.7 859 –

47-2011 Boilermakers2,3 ..................................................... 25 25 0 VL 1.7 VL .0 2 VL

47-2020 Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons .... 165 188 23 – 14.2 – 27.8 25 –

47-2021 Brickmasons and blockmasons2 ....................... 148 169 21 L 14.2 L 27.9 22 VL

47-2022 Stonemasons2 .................................................. 17 19 2 VL 14.1 L 26.5 3 VL

47-2031 Carpenters ............................................................ 1,209 1,331 122 H 10.1 L 29.7 202 H

47-2040 Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers ........ 164 191 27 – 16.8 – 42.6 21 –

47-2041 Carpet installers ................................................ 82 96 14 VL 16.8 H 53.5 10 VL

47-2042 Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard

tiles ......................................................... 31 35 4 VL 13.4 L 52.0 4 VL

47-2043 Floor sanders and finishers .............................. 17 18 1 VL 4.2 VL 55.5 2 VL

47-2044 Tile and marble setters ..................................... 33 42 9 VL 26.5 VH .0 5 VL

47-2050 Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo

workers .................................................. 188 236 48 – 25.7 – 5.2 27 –

47-2051 Cement masons and concrete finishers ........... 182 229 47 L 26.1 VH 5.2 27 VL

47-2053 Terrazzo workers and finishers5 ....................... 6 7 1 VL 15.2 H 4.9 1 VL

47-2061 Construction laborers ............................................ 938 1,070 133 H 14.2 L 13.3 177 H

47-2070 Construction equipment operators ........................ 416 460 45 – 10.7 – 3.6 57 –

47-2071 Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

operators2,3 ............................................ 58 65 7 VL 12.6 L 2.3 9 VL

47-2072 Pile-driver operators8 ........................................ 5 6 0 VL 8.2 VL 13.6 1 VL

47-2073 Operating engineers and other construction

equipment operators .............................. 353 389 37 L 10.4 L 3.7 47 L

47-2080 Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and

tapers ..................................................... 176 214 37 – 21.3 – 18.5 24 –

47-2081 Drywall and ceiling tile installers ....................... 135 164 29 L 21.4 H 18.4 19 VL

47-2082 Tapers ............................................................... 41 49 8 VL 20.8 H 19.1 6 VL

47-2111 Electricians ........................................................... 659 814 154 H 23.4 VH 9.1 71 L

47-2121 Glaziers2 ............................................................... 49 57 8 VL 17.2 H 5.6 8 VL

47-2130 Insulation workers ................................................. 53 62 8 VL 15.8 H 3.9 9 VL

47-2140 Painters and paperhangers .................................. 468 521 53 – 11.4 – 42.2 76 –

47-2141 Painters, construction and maintenance ........... 448 500 52 L 11.6 L 41.7 73 L

See footnotes at end of table.
97

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

2 VL 31,140 H H VL Work experience in a related occupation HS 77.6 12.1 10.4 45-1000

26 – – – – – – – – – – 45-2000

 45-20113 0 VL 28,620 H L VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 36.6 31.4 32.0

 45-20218 0 VL 25,090 L VH H Moderate-term on-the-job HS 81.8 12.9 5.3

2 VL 15,940 VL VH L Work experience in a related occupation HS 80.9 12.0 7.1 45-2041

24 – – – – – – – – – – 45-2090

2 VL 17,290 VL VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.6 11.8 4.6 45-2091

20 L 15,070 VL VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 83.6 11.8 4.6 45-2092

2 VL 17,090 VL VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 83.6 11.8 4.6 45-2093

1– – – – – – – – – – 45-3000

 45-30112 1 VL 20,710 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 75.4 16.2 8.4

 45-30212,8 0 VL 30,660 H VH H Moderate-term on-the-job HS 74.0 18.0 8.0

2– – – – – – – – – – 45-4000

 45-40113 0 VL 18,960 VL VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 73.2 16.3 10.6

1– – – – – – – – – – 45-4020

 45-40215 0 VL 28,160 H VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 85.1 10.8 4.1

 45-40223 1 VL 26,790 L VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.3 12.5 4.2

 45-40235 0 VL 27,200 L VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 85.1 10.8 4.1

3 VL 21,450 L VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.6 11.8 4.6 45-9099

255 – – – – – – – – – – 47-0000

20 – – – – – – – – – – 47-1000

 47-10112 20 L 47,670 VH L VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 63.0 26.9 10.1

189 – – – – – – – – – – 47-2000

 47-20112,3 1 VL 41,960 VH VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 66.0 31.2 2.8

5– – – – – – – – – – 47-2020

 47-20212 4 VL 41,840 VH VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS 83.2 13.3 3.5

 47-20222 0 VL 34,040 H VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS 83.2 13.3 3.5

32 H 34,190 H VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.7 22.2 5.1 47-2031

5– – – – – – – – – – 47-2040

3 VL 32,590 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 77.6 18.4 3.9 47-2041

1 VL 33,590 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 77.6 18.4 3.9 47-2042

0 VL 27,500 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 77.6 18.4 3.9 47-2043

1 VL 35,770 H VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS 77.6 18.4 3.9 47-2044

9– – – – – – – – – – 47-2050

8 L 30,660 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 85.4 12.7 2.0 47-2051

 47-20535 0 VL 27,910 H VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS 85.4 12.7 2.0

26 H 24,740 L VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 79.5 15.6 4.8 47-2061

14 – – – – – – – – – – 47-2070

 47-20712,3 2 VL 28,860 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 88.4 11.4 .2

 47-20728 0 VL 45,420 VH VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 80.5 17.1 2.4

13 L 35,240 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 78.5 19.1 2.4 47-2073

8– – – – – – – – – – 47-2080

6 VL 33,710 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.8 13.8 2.3 47-2081

2 VL 39,000 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.8 13.8 2.3 47-2082

28 H 41,390 H H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 49.8 44.1 6.1 47-2111

 47-21212 2 VL 31,620 H VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 61.3 33.9 4.8

2 VL 28,930 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 66.1 30.6 3.4 47-2130

12 – – – – – – – – – – 47-2140

12 L 29,070 H VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 77.2 16.9 5.9 47-2141

See footnotes at end of table.
98

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

47-2142 Paperhangers2,3 ............................................... 20 21 1 VL 5.9 VL 53.1 3 VL

47-2150 Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters ............................................ 550 649 99 – 18.0 – 10.4 67 –

47-2151 Pipelayers ......................................................... 58 65 7 VL 11.8 L 11.2 7 VL

47-2152 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ............. 492 584 92 H 18.7 H 10.3 60 L

47-2161 Plasterers and stucco masons2 ............................ 59 67 8 VL 13.5 L 9.6 9 VL

47-2171 Reinforcing iron and rebar workers4 ..................... 29 33 5 VL 16.7 H .0 3 VL

47-2181 Roofers ................................................................. 166 197 31 L 18.6 H 31.9 41 L

47-2211 Sheet metal workers ............................................. 205 246 41 L 19.8 H 3.1 32 VL

47-2221 Structural iron and steel workers .......................... 78 90 12 VL 15.9 H 6.2 9 VL

47-3000 Helpers, construction trades ..................................... 431 490 59 – 13.7 – .4 77 –

47-3010 Helpers, construction trades ................................. 431 490 59 – 13.7 – .4 77 –

47-3011 Helpers—brickmasons, blockmasons,

stonemasons, and tile and marble

setters4 ................................................... 59 61 1 VL 2.2 VL .4 9 VL

47-3012 Helpers—carpenters ......................................... 97 111 14 VL 14.0 L .4 17 VL

47-3013 Helpers—electricians ........................................ 99 117 18 VL 18.0 H .4 18 VL

47-3014 Helpers—painters, paperhangers, plasterers,

and stucco masons5 .............................. 31 36 5 VL 15.9 H .3 6 VL

47-3015 Helpers—pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters3 ........................................... 79 88 9 VL 10.9 L .4 14 VL

47-3016 Helpers—roofers5 ............................................. 21 25 4 VL 19.3 H .4 4 VL

47-3019 All other helpers, construction trades4 .............. 44 53 9 VL 19.4 H .4 8 VL

47-4000 Other construction and related workers .................... 354 408 54 – 15.2 – 5.2 58 –

47-4011 Construction and building inspectors2 .................. 84 95 12 VL 13.8 L 8.1 10 VL

47-4021 Elevator installers and repairers2 .......................... 21 25 4 VL 17.1 H .0 3 VL

47-4031 Fence erectors ...................................................... 27 31 4 VL 13.4 L 23.0 4 VL

47-4041 Hazardous materials removal workers ................. 38 54 16 VL 43.1 VH .0 9 VL

47-4051 Highway maintenance workers ............................. 154 170 16 VL 10.4 L 1.6 26 VL

47-4061 Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment

operators8 .............................................. 11 9 -1 VL -11.5 VL .8 1 VL

47-4071 Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners4 ... 18 22 4 VL 21.2 H 13.9 4 VL

47-4090 Miscellaneous construction and related workers .. 2 3 0 – 16.5 – 6.4 0 –

47-4091 Segmental pavers5 ........................................... 2 3 0 VL 16.5 H 6.4 0 VL

47-4999 All other construction trades and related workers ..... 110 146 35 L 32.0 VH 5.3 19 VL

47-5000 Extraction workers .................................................... 167 169 2 – 1.2 – 2.4 25 –

47-5010 Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil,

gas, and mining ...................................... 41 41 0 – .6 – 1.1 5 –

47-5011 Derrick operators, oil and gas2,6 ....................... 15 15 0 VL .8 VL 1.1 2 VL

47-5012 Rotary drill operators, oil and gas2,6 ................. 14 14 0 VL 1.5 VL 1.2 2 VL

47-5013 Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining2,6 .. 13 13 0 VL -.8 VL 1.1 2 VL

47-5021 Earth drillers, except oil and gas2 ......................... 23 25 2 VL 7.7 VL 14.9 3 VL

47-5031 Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,

and blasters2,8 ....................................... 5 5 0 VL 2.0 VL 2.4 1 VL

47-5040 Mining machine operators .................................... 18 16 -2 – -13.3 – .0 3 –

47-5041 Continuous mining machine operators2,3 ......... 8 7 -2 VL -18.5 VL .0 1 VL

47-5042 Mine cutting and channeling machine

operators2,4 ............................................ 5 5 0 VL -7.1 VL .0 1 VL

47-5049 All other mining machine operators2,5 .............. 4 4 0 VL -10.8 VL .0 1 VL

47-5051 Rock splitters, quarry5 .......................................... 3 3 0 VL 14.3 L .4 0 VL

47-5061 Roof bolters, mining2,8 .......................................... 4 3 -1 VL -27.7 VL .0 1 VL

47-5071 Roustabouts, oil and gas2,8 .................................. 32 34 2 VL 6.4 VL .0 5 VL

47-5081 Helpers—extraction workers2,8 ............................ 29 30 1 VL 3.9 VL .0 6 VL

47-5099 Extraction workers, all other3 ................................ 12 12 0 VL -.8 VL .4 2 VL

49-0000 Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations .......................................... 5,696 6,472 776 – 13.6 – 6.4 716 –

49-1000 Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair

workers .................................................. 444 512 68 – 15.4 – .1 45 –

49-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,

installers, and repairers .......................... 444 512 68 L 15.4 H .1 45 L

See footnotes at end of table.
99

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

 47-21422,3 0 VL 31,650 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 57.9 34.9 7.2

23 – – – – – – – – – – 47-2150

2 VL 28,500 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 67.0 28.8 4.2 47-2151

21 L 40,170 H H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 67.0 28.8 4.2 47-2152

 47-21612 2 VL 33,100 H VH L Long-term on-the-job HS 86.7 10.6 2.7

 47-21714 1 VL 36,740 H VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS 83.8 10.7 5.6

7 VL 30,180 H VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 84.6 12.1 3.2 47-2181

9 L 34,560 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 68.7 29.5 1.8 47-2211

3 VL 40,660 H VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.9 27.8 1.3 47-2221

24 – – – – – – – – – – 47-3000

24 – – – – – – – – – – 47-3010

 47-30114 3 VL 24,390 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 82.3 14.0 3.7

5 VL 21,510 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 81.2 12.8 6.1 47-3012

6 VL 23,090 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 81.2 12.8 6.1 47-3013

 47-30145 2 VL 20,100 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 81.2 12.8 6.1

 47-30153 4 VL 22,230 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 80.8 13.8 5.4

 47-30165 1 VL 20,480 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 81.2 12.8 6.1

 47-30194 3 VL 20,230 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 82.3 14.0 3.7

12 – – – – – – – – – – 47-4000

 47-40112 3 VL 41,620 H L VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC/C 35.6 41.9 22.4

 47-40212 1 VL 54,070 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 68.4 31.3 .3

1 VL 22,160 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 75.5 17.5 7.0 47-4031

3 VL 32,460 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 74.3 18.0 7.7 47-4041

4 VL 28,390 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 74.9 23.2 1.9 47-4051

 47-40618 0 VL 35,160 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 61.5 28.9 9.6

 47-40714 1 VL 27,940 H VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 66.2 28.5 5.3

0– – – – – – – – – – 47-4090

 47-40915 0 VL 26,940 L VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 81.0 11.4 7.6

5 VL 22,900 L VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 81.0 11.4 7.6 47-4999

5– – – – – – – – – – 47-5000

1– – – – – – – – – – 47-5010

 47-50112,6 0 VL 29,820 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 69.5 18.1 12.4

 47-50122,6 0 VL 33,750 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 69.5 18.1 12.4

 47-50132,6 0 VL 28,670 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 69.5 18.1 12.4

 47-50212 1 VL 32,490 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 78.4 20.5 1.2

 47-50312,8 0 VL 35,110 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 76.6 19.5 3.8

1– – – – – – – – – – 47-5040

 47-50412,3 0 VL 34,850 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.7 25.7 3.5

 47-50422,4 0 VL 37,590 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.4 24.3 3.3

 47-50492,5 0 VL 38,780 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 71.0 24.8 4.2

 47-50515 0 VL 26,170 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 84.0 12.8 3.3

 47-50612,8 0 VL 38,430 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 76.6 19.5 3.8

 47-50712,8 1 VL 22,280 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 76.6 19.5 3.8

 47-50812,8 1 VL 25,200 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 76.6 19.5 3.8

 47-50993 0 VL 29,110 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.2 14.4 2.4

209 – – – – – – – – – – 49-0000

18 – – – – – – – – – – 49-1000

18 L 47,580 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 47.7 40.2 12.1 49-1011

See footnotes at end of table.
100

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

49-2000 Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics,

installers, and repairers .......................... 689 746 57 – 8.3 – 7.3 80 –

49-2011 Computer, automated teller, and office machine

repairers ................................................. 156 180 24 L 15.0 H 12.2 20 VL

49-2020 Radio and telecommunications equipment

installers and repairers ........................... 226 222 -4 – -1.6 – 4.6 23 –

49-2021 Radio mechanics5 ............................................. 7 5 -2 VL -29.3 VL 4.4 1 VL

49-2022 Telecommunications equipment installers and

repairers, except line installers .............. 219 217 -1 VL -.6 VL 4.6 23 VL

49-2090 Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment

mechanics, installers, and repairers ...... 284 317 33 – 11.5 – 7.2 34 –

49-2091 Avionics technicians8 ........................................ 23 24 1 VL 3.4 VL 1.5 3 VL

49-2092 Electric motor, power tool, and related

repairers ................................................. 31 33 2 VL 5.3 VL 5.7 4 VL

49-2093 Electrical and electronics installers and

repairers, transportation equipment8 ..... 18 19 1 VL 7.1 VL .0 2 VL

49-2094 Electrical and electronics repairers,

commercial and industrial equipment6 ... 85 94 9 VL 10.4 L .7 10 VL

49-2095 Electrical and electronics repairers,

powerhouse, substation, and relay6 ....... 21 21 0 VL -.6 VL .7 2 VL

49-2096 Electronic equipment installers and repairers,

motor vehicles ........................................ 18 21 3 VL 14.8 H 15.8 2 VL

49-2097 Electronic home entertainment equipment

installers and repairers ........................... 43 46 4 VL 8.6 VL 27.5 6 VL

49-2098 Security and fire alarm systems installers ........ 46 60 14 VL 30.2 VH 6.8 6 VL

49-2099 All other electrical and electronic equipment

mechanics, installers, and repairers ...... 22 26 4 VL 19.6 H .0 3 VL

49-3000 Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics,

installers, and repairers .......................... 1,817 2,043 226 – 12.4 – 10.0 233 –

49-3011 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians2 ........ 131 145 14 VL 11.0 L 1.0 12 VL

49-3020 Automotive technicians and repairers ................... 1,038 1,168 130 – 12.5 – 14.6 134 –

49-3021 Automotive body and related repairers ............. 198 225 26 L 13.2 L 11.3 25 VL

49-3022 Automotive glass installers and repairers ......... 22 24 2 VL 10.7 L 9.2 3 VL

49-3023 Automotive service technicians and

mechanics .............................................. 818 919 101 H 12.4 L 15.5 106 L

49-3031 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine

specialists .............................................. 267 305 38 L 14.2 L 3.9 30 VL

49-3040 Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service

technicians and mechanics .................... 176 191 15 – 8.8 – 4.5 18 –

49-3041 Farm equipment mechanics ............................. 35 38 3 VL 7.7 VL 4.9 3 VL

49-3042 Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except

engines .................................................. 126 138 12 VL 9.6 L 4.4 13 VL

49-3043 Rail car repairers3 ............................................. 15 15 1 VL 4.5 VL 3.7 1 VL

49-3050 Small engine mechanics ....................................... 67 79 12 – 18.7 – 14.8 6 –

49-3051 Motorboat mechanics2,3 ................................... 22 26 4 VL 18.3 H 14.1 2 VL

49-3052 Motorcycle mechanics2,4 .................................. 15 18 3 VL 18.7 H 14.5 1 VL

49-3053 Outdoor power equipment and other small

engine mechanics2 ................................ 30 36 6 VL 18.9 H 15.5 3 VL

49-3090 Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment

mechanics, installers, and repairers2 ..... 102 113 11 – 10.4 – 1.3 29 –

49-3091 Bicycle repairers5 .............................................. 7 8 1 VL 18.8 H 1.4 2 VL

49-3092 Recreational vehicle service technicians5 ........ 13 15 3 VL 21.8 VH 1.2 4 VL

49-3093 Tire repairers and changers .............................. 83 89 7 VL 8.0 VL 1.4 23 VL

49-3099 All other vehicle and mobile equipment

mechanics, installers, and repairers ...... 36 41 6 VL 15.4 H .0 5 VL

49-9000 Other installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations ............................................ 2,746 3,171 424 – 15.5 – 4.8 358 –

49-9010 Control and valve installers and repairers ............ 49 55 7 – 14.2 – .7 7 –

49-9011 Mechanical door repairers5 ............................... 11 13 2 VL 21.8 VH .7 2 VL

49-9012 Control and valve installers and repairers,

except mechanical door3 ....................... 38 42 5 VL 12.0 L .7 5 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
101

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

19 – – – – – – – – – – 49-2000

4 VL 33,250 H L L Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC/C 27.6 50.3 22.0 49-2011

5– – – – – – – – – – 49-2020

 49-20215 0 VL 36,230 H L VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 40.8 48.2 11.0

5 VL 47,380 VH L VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 40.8 48.2 11.0 49-2022

9– – – – – – – – – – 49-2090

 49-20918 1 VL 42,030 VH VH VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 49.4 44.1 6.5

1 VL 32,210 H VL L Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 49.4 43.7 6.9 49-2092

 49-20938 1 VL 38,610 H H VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 49.4 44.1 6.5

 49-20946 3 VL 41,110 H VL VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 31.5 63.4 5.1

 49-20956 0 VL 51,690 VH VL VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 31.5 63.4 5.1

1 VL 26,010 L VL VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 37.9 59.6 2.5 49-2096

1 VL 27,200 L H L Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 59.4 33.4 7.1 49-2097

2 VL 32,370 H L VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 49.0 44.8 6.2 49-2098

1 VL 35,160 H VL VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 40.8 48.2 11.0 49-2099

70 – – – – – – – – – – 49-3000

 49-30112 5 VL 43,070 VH L VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 36.1 52.7 11.2

39 – – – – – – – – – – 49-3020

7 VL 32,680 H L VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 73.7 21.8 4.5 49-3021

1 VL 26,890 L H L Long-term on-the-job HS 77.6 12.7 9.7 49-3022

32 H 30,590 H L VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 66.8 30.0 3.2 49-3023

11 L 34,380 H L VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 66.0 30.6 3.4 49-3031

5– – – – – – – – – – 49-3040

1 VL 27,100 L L VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 63.2 31.1 5.7 49-3041

4 VL 35,970 H L VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 63.2 31.1 5.7 49-3042

 49-30433 0 VL 39,060 H L VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 65.8 29.5 4.7

3– – – – – – – – – – 49-3050

 49-30512,3 1 VL 29,050 H H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 62.9 34.7 2.4

 49-30522,4 1 VL 27,100 L H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.9 34.0 2.1

 49-30532 1 VL 24,820 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 59.6 39.6 .7

 49-30902 5– – – – – – – – – –

 49-30915 0 VL 19,230 VL VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 87.9 9.8 2.3

 49-30925 1 VL 27,080 L VH L Long-term on-the-job HS 87.9 9.8 2.3

4 VL 20,160 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 87.9 9.8 2.3 49-3093

2 VL 35,840 H VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 66.8 30.0 3.2 49-3099

102 – – – – – – – – – – 49-9000

2– – – – – – – – – – 49-9010

 49-90115 1 VL 29,190 H VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 59.2 30.0 10.8

 49-90123 1 VL 43,460 VH VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 55.9 34.2 9.9

See footnotes at end of table.
102

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

49-9021 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics and installers ........................ 249 328 79 L 31.8 VH 15.4 39 L

49-9031 Home appliance repairers ..................................... 42 44 2 VL 5.5 VL 16.7 5 VL

49-9040 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and

maintenance workers ............................. 1,628 1,855 227 – 13.9 – 1.5 198 –

49-9041 Industrial machinery mechanics ....................... 197 208 11 VL 5.5 VL 6.3 20 VL

49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general ........ 1,266 1,472 207 H 16.3 H .9 166 H

49-9043 Maintenance workers, machinery ..................... 92 97 5 VL 5.9 VL .0 5 VL

49-9044 Millwrights ......................................................... 69 73 4 VL 5.3 VL 1.5 7 VL

49-9045 Refractory materials repairers, except

brickmasons5 ......................................... 4 4 0 VL 5.6 VL 6.1 0 VL

49-9050 Line installers and repairers .................................. 268 301 33 – 12.3 – 3.5 24 –

49-9051 Electrical power-line installers and repairers .... 101 103 2 VL 1.6 VL 3.1 9 VL

49-9052 Telecommunications line installers and

repairers ................................................. 167 199 31 L 18.8 H 3.7 14 VL

49-9060 Precision instrument and equipment repairers ..... 64 69 6 – 8.6 – 22.4 8 –

49-9061 Camera and photographic equipment

repairers5 ............................................... 7 6 0 VL -7.2 VL 24.1 1 VL

49-9062 Medical equipment repairers ............................ 29 33 4 VL 14.8 H 23.2 4 VL

49-9063 Musical instrument repairers and tuners5 ......... 6 7 0 VL 6.3 VL 21.9 1 VL

49-9064 Watch repairers5 ............................................... 5 5 0 VL 3.5 VL 22.8 1 VL

49-9069 All other precision instrument and equipment

repairers3 ............................................... 17 18 1 VL 7.0 VL 20.3 2 VL

49-9090 Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and

repair workers ........................................ 447 518 71 – 15.8 – 8.1 77 –

49-9091 Coin, vending, and amusement machine

servicers and repairers .......................... 43 49 6 VL 15.2 H 17.0 7 VL

49-9092 Commercial divers2,8 ........................................ 4 5 0 VL 10.6 L 34.6 1 VL

49-9093 Fabric menders, except garment5 .................... 2 2 0 VL -2.2 VL 10.0 0 VL

49-9094 Locksmiths and safe repairers2 ........................ 23 28 5 VL 21.0 H 16.8 3 VL

49-9095 Manufactured building and mobile home

installers ................................................. 18 22 4 VL 23.4 VH 24.2 2 VL

49-9096 Riggers8 ............................................................ 14 16 2 VL 14.3 L .0 3 VL

49-9097 Signal and track switch repairers8 .................... 8 8 0 VL -3.0 VL .0 1 VL

49-9098 Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair

workers2,3 .............................................. 150 181 30 L 20.3 H .0 36 L

49-9099 Installation, maintenance, and repair workers,

all other .................................................. 185 207 23 L 12.2 L 10.4 23 VL

51-0000 Production occupations ............................................. 11,258 11,612 354 – 3.2 – 3.0 1,529 –

51-1000 Supervisors, production workers .............................. 733 803 70 – 9.5 – 2.2 68 –

51-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of production and

operating workers .................................. 733 803 70 L 9.5 L 2.2 68 L

51-2000 Assemblers and fabricators ...................................... 2,122 2,044 -77 – -3.6 – .9 234 –

51-2011 Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems

assemblers8 ........................................... 27 24 -2 VL -9.4 VL .0 2 VL

51-2020 Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical

assemblers ............................................. 377 316 -61 – -16.3 – .3 24 –

51-2021 Coil winders, tapers, and finishers .................... 36 31 -5 VL -13.9 VL .3 2 VL

51-2022 Electrical and electronic equipment

assemblers ............................................. 281 230 -51 VL -18.3 VL .3 17 VL

51-2023 Electromechanical equipment assemblers ....... 60 55 -5 VL -8.3 VL .3 4 VL

51-2031 Engine and other machine assemblers3 ............... 50 49 -1 VL -1.9 VL .0 3 VL

51-2041 Structural metal fabricators and fitters .................. 89 94 6 VL 6.2 VL .3 15 VL

51-2090 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators ........... 1,579 1,561 -18 – -1.1 – 1.1 191 –

51-2091 Fiberglass laminators and fabricators ............... 37 39 2 VL 5.6 VL 1.2 5 VL

51-2092 Team assemblers ............................................. 1,174 1,155 -19 VL -1.6 VL 1.1 141 H

51-2093 Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and

calibrators5 ............................................. 7 6 0 VL -3.0 VL 1.4 1 VL

51-2099 All other assemblers and fabricators ................ 361 360 -1 VL -.2 VL 1.1 44 L

See footnotes at end of table.
103

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

11 L 34,900 H L VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 59.6 36.8 3.6 49-9021

1 VL 30,390 H VL L Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 69.9 25.4 4.7 49-9031

55 – – – – – – – – – – 49-9040

5 VL 37,980 H L VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 60.4 34.3 5.3 49-9041

45 H 29,370 H VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 56.7 34.8 8.5 49-9042

3 VL 32,520 H L VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.6 25.3 2.2 49-9043

2 VL 41,990 VH VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 60.2 39.3 .5 49-9044

 49-90455 0 VL 35,100 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 60.4 34.3 5.3

11 – – – – – – – – – – 49-9050

3 VL 48,530 VH H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 61.1 34.6 4.3 49-9051

8 L 39,640 H H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 48.1 46.5 5.3 49-9052

2– – – – – – – – – – 49-9060

 49-90615 0 VL 31,390 H VL L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 36.0 49.0 15.0

1 VL 36,380 H VL L Associate degree HS/SC 36.0 49.0 15.0 49-9062

 49-90635 0 VL 29,440 H VL L Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 36.0 49.0 15.0

 49-90645 0 VL 26,560 L VL L Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 36.0 49.0 15.0

 49-90693 1 VL 44,090 VH VL L Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 38.6 43.4 18.0

19 – – – – – – – – – – 49-9090

2 VL 27,380 L H H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 62.6 32.3 5.1 49-9091

 49-90922,8 0 VL 34,710 H L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.2 28.2 8.6

 49-90935 0 VL 25,690 L L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 62.3 25.6 12.1

 49-90942 1 VL 28,430 H VL L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.7 25.2 4.1

1 VL 23,170 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 73.7 18.5 7.8 49-9095

 49-90968 1 VL 33,790 H H VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.2 28.2 8.6

 49-90978 0 VL 43,370 VH VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.2 28.2 8.6

 49-90982,3 8 L 21,440 L VH H Short-term on-the-job HS 83.6 15.5 .9

6 VL 33,010 H L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 62.3 25.6 12.1 49-9099

336 – – – – – – – – – – 51-0000

22 – – – – – – – – – – 51-1000

22 L 42,930 VH L VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 58.7 28.8 12.5 51-1011

55 – – – – – – – – – – 51-2000

 51-20118 1 VL 38,910 H H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 74.7 20.4 4.9

9– – – – – – – – – – 51-2020

1 VL 23,020 L VH VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.6 21.6 5.8 51-2021

7 VL 22,940 L VH VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.6 21.6 5.8 51-2022

1 VL 25,260 L VH VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.6 21.6 5.8 51-2023

 51-20313 1 VL 29,170 H VH VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.5 26.0 3.5

3 VL 28,620 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 79.3 20.7 – 51-2041

41 – – – – – – – – – – 51-2090

1 VL 24,610 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 73.8 21.2 5.0 51-2091

30 H 22,680 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 73.8 21.2 5.0 51-2092

 51-20935 0 VL 24,190 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 73.8 21.2 5.0

9 L 22,890 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 73.8 21.2 5.0 51-2099

See footnotes at end of table.
104

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

51-3000 Food processing occupations ................................... 757 836 79 – 10.5 – 2.5 132 –

51-3011 Bakers ................................................................... 173 192 19 VL 11.2 L 6.4 30 VL

51-3020 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish

processing workers ................................ 414 459 45 – 10.9 – 1.1 74 –

51-3021 Butchers and meat cutters ................................ 132 129 -3 VL -2.5 VL 1.1 21 VL

51-3022 Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers ..... 154 179 25 L 16.4 H 1.1 29 VL

51-3023 Slaughterers and meat packers ........................ 128 151 23 L 18.2 H 1.0 24 VL

51-3090 Miscellaneous food processing workers ............... 127 137 9 – 7.2 – 2.6 20 –

51-3091 Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying

machine operators and tenders8 ............ 19 20 1 VL 4.2 VL 3.7 3 VL

51-3092 Food batchmakers2 .......................................... 74 79 5 VL 7.2 VL 3.4 11 VL

51-3093 Food cooking machine operators and

tenders4 ................................................. 34 37 3 VL 8.8 L .3 6 VL

51-3099 All other food processing workers ......................... 42 48 6 VL 13.4 L .0 8 VL

51-4000 Metal workers and plastic workers ............................ 2,367 2,544 177 – 7.5 – 2.0 273 –

51-4010 Computer control programmers and operators ..... 151 166 15 – 9.8 – .0 13 –

51-4011 Computer-controlled machine tool operators,

metal and plastic .................................... 132 144 12 VL 9.3 L .0 11 VL

51-4012 Numerical tool and process control

programmers5 ........................................ 19 22 3 VL 13.0 L .0 2 VL

51-4020 Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic .................................... 188 198 11 – 5.6 – .6 21 –

51-4021 Extruding and drawing machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic2 ................................................... 98 105 7 VL 7.1 VL .0 14 VL

51-4022 Forging machine setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic2,3 .................. 45 48 3 VL 6.0 VL .0 3 VL

51-4023 Rolling machine setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic3 .................... 44 45 1 VL 2.0 VL 2.4 3 VL

51-4030 Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic ...................... 546 569 24 – 4.3 – .5 61 –

51-4031 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic ..................................................... 283 302 19 VL 6.8 VL .0 38 L

51-4032 Drilling and boring machine tool setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic2,3 ................................................. 53 54 1 VL 2.1 VL .0 5 VL

51-4033 Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing

machine tool setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic ...................... 104 106 3 VL 2.4 VL 1.8 9 VL

51-4034 Lathe and turning machine tool setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic ..................................................... 75 75 1 VL .8 VL 1.0 7 VL

51-4035 Milling and planing machine setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic8 ............. 31 31 0 VL .8 VL .0 2 VL

51-4041 Machinists ............................................................. 387 419 32 L 8.2 VL 2.7 31 VL

51-4050 Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders ...... 31 30 0 – -1.3 – .0 4 –

51-4051 Metal-refining furnace operators and

tenders2 ................................................. 18 17 0 VL -.8 VL .0 2 VL

51-4052 Pourers and casters, metal2,3 ........................... 13 13 0 VL -2.0 VL .0 2 VL

51-4060 Model makers and patternmakers, metal and

plastic ..................................................... 15 16 1 – 9.8 – .0 1 –

51-4061 Model makers, metal and plastic6 ..................... 9 10 1 VL 14.6 L .0 1 VL

51-4062 Patternmakers, metal and plastic6 .................... 6 7 0 VL 3.6 VL .0 0 VL

51-4070 Molders and molding machine setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic ............... 174 189 14 – 8.2 – 1.1 21 –

51-4071 Foundry mold and coremakers3 ....................... 23 24 1 VL 3.6 VL 1.2 3 VL

51-4072 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine

setters, operators, and tenders, metal

and plastic .............................................. 151 165 14 VL 8.9 L 1.1 19 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
105

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

25 – – – – – – – – – – 51-3000

6 VL 20,580 L H H Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 73.5 20.5 6.0 51-3011

14 – – – – – – – – – – 51-3020

3 VL 25,500 L H L Long-term on-the-job HS 81.2 16.2 2.6 51-3021

6 VL 17,820 VL H L Short-term on-the-job HS 81.2 16.2 2.6 51-3022

5 VL 20,370 L H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 81.2 16.2 2.6 51-3023

4– – – – – – – – – – 51-3090

 51-30918 1 VL 23,260 L VH H Short-term on-the-job HS 76.9 18.9 4.2

 51-30922 2 VL 21,920 L H H Short-term on-the-job HS 77.1 18.4 4.5

 51-30934 1 VL 21,860 L H H Short-term on-the-job HS 81.7 14.0 4.4

1 VL 19,410 VL H H Short-term on-the-job HS 81.2 16.2 2.6 51-3099

75 – – – – – – – – – – 51-4000

4– – – – – – – – – – 51-4010

3 VL 29,050 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 58.5 36.5 5.0 51-4011

 51-40125 1 VL 37,520 H VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 58.5 36.5 5.0

6– – – – – – – – – – 51-4020

 51-40212 4 VL 25,870 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 76.3 23.6 .1

 51-40222,3 1 VL 26,300 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 76.6 23.4 –

 51-40233 1 VL 28,330 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 75.7 18.1 6.2

14 – – – – – – – – – – 51-4030

8 L 24,570 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.4 26.1 1.5 51-4031

 51-40322,3 2 VL 27,530 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.9 23.1 4.0

2 VL 26,120 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 82.5 13.8 3.6 51-4033

1 VL 30,270 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 77.4 20.9 1.7 51-4034

 51-40358 1 VL 29,210 H VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 78.4 19.0 2.6

12 L 32,570 H H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.9 32.4 3.7 51-4041

1– – – – – – – – – – 51-4050

 51-40512 0 VL 30,770 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 77.9 18.2 3.9

 51-40522,3 0 VL 27,880 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 78.5 15.5 6.0

1– – – – – – – – – – 51-4060

 51-40616 0 VL 38,000 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 59.0 38.5 2.4

 51-40626 0 VL 33,470 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 59.0 38.5 2.4

6– – – – – – – – – – 51-4070

 51-40713 1 VL 26,100 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 74.9 21.5 3.5

5 VL 23,230 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 71.4 25.7 2.9 51-4072

See footnotes at end of table.
106

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

51-4081 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic8 .................... 99 107 8 VL 8.3 VL .0 8 VL

51-4111 Tool and die makers ............................................. 109 110 0 VL .4 VL 1.7 3 VL

51-4120 Welding, soldering, and brazing workers .............. 452 518 67 – 14.8 – 5.6 87 –

51-4121 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers .......... 391 457 66 L 17.0 H 5.6 76 L

51-4122 Welding, soldering, and brazing machine

setters, operators, and tenders .............. 61 62 1 VL .9 VL 5.7 10 VL

51-4190 Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic

workers .................................................. 215 221 6 – 2.6 – 1.8 23 –

51-4191 Heat treating equipment setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic2,3 ........... 29 29 0 VL -.6 VL .0 4 VL

51-4192 Lay-out workers, metal and plastic8 .................. 13 15 2 VL 15.6 H .0 1 VL

51-4193 Plating and coating machine setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic2 ............. 44 42 -1 VL -2.6 VL 2.4 6 VL

51-4194 Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners2,3 ............ 26 24 -2 VL -7.7 VL 10.9 2 VL

51-4199 All other metal workers and plastic workers ..... 104 111 7 VL 6.6 VL .0 11 VL

51-5000 Printing occupations ................................................. 465 466 1 – .3 – 2.7 53 –

51-5010 Bookbinders and bindery workers ........................ 98 93 -5 – -4.8 – .7 6 –

51-5011 Bindery workers2 .............................................. 91 86 -5 VL -5.2 VL .7 6 VL

51-5012 Bookbinders2,5 .................................................. 7 7 0 VL 1.3 VL .7 0 VL

51-5020 Printers ................................................................. 346 350 4 – 1.2 – 3.5 43 –

51-5021 Job printers ....................................................... 56 61 5 VL 9.2 L 10.8 7 VL

51-5022 Prepress technicians and workers .................... 91 81 -10 VL -11.2 VL .6 5 VL

51-5023 Printing machine operators ............................... 199 208 9 VL 4.6 VL 2.7 31 VL

51-5099 All other printing workers ...................................... 21 23 2 VL 9.3 L .0 3 VL

51-6000 Textile, apparel, and furnishings occupations ........... 1,085 932 -152 – -14.1 – 9.8 160 –

51-6011 Laundry and dry-cleaning workers ........................ 231 260 29 L 12.3 L 6.8 50 L

51-6021 Pressers, textile, garment, and related

materials ................................................ 91 91 0 VL -.2 VL .9 19 VL

51-6031 Sewing machine operators ................................... 315 216 -99 VL -31.5 VL 7.4 33 L

51-6040 Shoe and leather workers ..................................... 23 18 -4 – -19.0 – 27.1 3 –

51-6041 Shoe and leather workers and repairers2,3 ...... 16 14 -3 VL -16.1 VL 38.1 2 VL

51-6042 Shoe machine operators and tenders2,5 .......... 7 5 -2 VL -26.1 VL .0 1 VL

51-6050 Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers ........................ 90 77 -13 – -14.0 – 43.6 14 –

51-6051 Sewers, hand .................................................... 36 29 -8 VL -21.2 VL 44.7 5 VL

51-6052 Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers ....... 53 48 -5 VL -9.1 VL 42.9 8 VL

51-6060 Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders ... 179 124 -56 – -31.0 – 1.5 19 –

51-6061 Textile bleaching and dyeing machine

operators and tenders8 .......................... 27 19 -8 VL -28.7 VL .0 3 VL

51-6062 Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and

tenders3 ................................................. 34 26 -8 VL -22.6 VL .0 3 VL

51-6063 Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,

operators, and tenders2 ......................... 53 33 -20 VL -38.6 VL 3.2 5 VL

51-6064 Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out

machine setters, operators, and

tenders2 ................................................. 66 46 -20 VL -30.3 VL 1.4 8 VL

51-6090 Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings

workers .................................................. 156 147 -9 – -5.9 – 11.8 22 –

51-6091 Extruding and forming machine setters,

operators, and tenders, synthetic and

glass fibers2,8 ......................................... 27 24 -4 VL -13.1 VL .0 4 VL

51-6092 Fabric and apparel patternmakers2,8 ................ 11 8 -3 VL -24.6 VL .0 1 VL

51-6093 Upholsterers2 .................................................... 56 51 -5 VL -8.7 VL 26.3 8 VL

51-6099 All other textile, apparel, and furnishings

workers .................................................. 61 63 2 VL 3.3 VL 5.8 9 VL

51-7000 Woodworkers ............................................................ 374 393 19 – 5.1 – 10.4 47 –

51-7011 Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters .................. 147 160 14 VL 9.4 L 13.0 16 VL

51-7021 Furniture finishers2 ............................................... 39 41 1 VL 3.3 VL 22.1 4 VL

51-7030 Model makers and patternmakers, wood .............. 9 10 1 – 11.0 – .0 1 –

51-7031 Model makers, wood2,8 .................................... 4 5 0 VL 10.3 L .0 0 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
107

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

 51-40818 4 VL 28,690 H VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 72.3 24.3 3.3

3 VL 42,730 VH H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 47.5 47.3 5.2 51-4111

19 – – – – – – – – – – 51-4120

18 L 29,160 H VH VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 74.6 23.2 2.2 51-4121

2 VL 28,900 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 74.6 23.2 2.2 51-4122

6– – – – – – – – – – 51-4190

 51-41912,3 1 VL 28,200 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 78.6 18.5 2.9

 51-41928 0 VL 30,760 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 76.3 20.0 3.7

 51-41932 1 VL 25,420 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 86.4 7.4 6.3

 51-41942,3 1 VL 29,400 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 68.4 22.5 9.1

3 VL 28,400 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 75.7 21.5 2.7 51-4199

13 – – – – – – – – – – 51-5000

3– – – – – – – – – – 51-5010

 51-50112 2 VL 21,860 L H L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.4 21.5 8.1

 51-50122,5 0 VL 27,680 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.4 21.5 8.1

9– – – – – – – – – – 51-5020

2 VL 30,100 H H VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 66.5 27.0 6.5 51-5021

2 VL 31,150 H H L Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 57.1 30.0 12.9 51-5022

6 VL 29,010 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.6 25.3 4.1 51-5023

1 VL 23,330 L H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.6 25.3 4.1 51-5099

24 – – – – – – – – – – 51-6000

9 L 16,780 VL H H Moderate-term on-the-job HS 82.4 13.6 4.0 51-6011

1 VL 17,070 VL VH H Short-term on-the-job HS 89.8 8.4 1.8 51-6021

4 VL 17,440 VL VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 86.7 10.2 3.1 51-6031

1– – – – – – – – – – 51-6040

 51-60412,3 1 VL 19,010 VL L L Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.2 20.3 9.5

 51-60422,5 0 VL 20,600 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.7 10.4 6.0

2– – – – – – – – – – 51-6050

1 VL 18,070 VL H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.1 24.2 12.7 51-6051

1 VL 22,220 L H H Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.1 24.2 12.7 51-6052

3– – – – – – – – – – 51-6060

 51-60618 1 VL 20,800 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 88.5 9.8 1.7

 51-60623 1 VL 20,320 L VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 90.7 8.5 .8

 51-60632 1 VL 22,970 L VH L Long-term on-the-job HS 89.3 7.9 2.8

 51-60642 1 VL 21,920 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 87.9 11.7 .4

4– – – – – – – – – – 51-6090

 51-60912,8 1 VL 27,500 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 80.3 14.5 5.2

 51-60922,8 1 VL 26,360 L VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS 80.3 14.5 5.2

 51-60932 1 VL 24,670 L L L Long-term on-the-job HS 80.1 19.9 –

2 VL 18,740 VL H L Short-term on-the-job HS 86.2 10.5 3.4 51-6099

12 – – – – – – – – – – 51-7000

5 VL 24,000 L L VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 69.0 23.3 7.7 51-7011

 51-70212 1 VL 22,710 L H L Long-term on-the-job HS 76.3 17.2 6.5

0– – – – – – – – – – 51-7030

 51-70312,8 0 VL 24,740 L H L Long-term on-the-job HS 70.2 19.4 10.4

See footnotes at end of table.
108

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

51-7032 Patternmakers, wood2,8 .................................... 4 5 0 VL 11.8 L .0 0 VL

51-7040 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and

tenders ................................................... 151 153 3 – 1.8 – 2.8 24 –

51-7041 Sawing machine setters, operators, and

tenders, wood ........................................ 56 56 0 VL -.2 VL 2.2 10 VL

51-7042 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and

tenders, except sawing .......................... 95 98 3 VL 3.0 VL 3.1 14 VL

51-7099 All other woodworkers2 ......................................... 29 29 0 VL 1.7 VL 24.5 3 VL

51-8000 Plant and system operators ...................................... 346 353 7 – 2.0 – .7 27 –

51-8010 Power plant operators, distributors, and

dispatchers ............................................. 51 51 0 – -.7 – .0 4 –

51-8011 Nuclear power reactor operators2,5 .................. 3 3 0 VL -3.2 VL .0 0 VL

51-8012 Power distributors and dispatchers2,4 .............. 12 12 0 VL -3.0 VL .0 1 VL

51-8013 Power plant operators2 ..................................... 35 36 0 VL .3 VL .0 3 VL

51-8021 Stationary engineers and boiler operators ............ 55 56 0 VL .3 VL 2.2 4 VL

51-8031 Water and liquid waste treatment plant and

system operators2 .................................. 99 115 16 VL 16.0 H .0 9 VL

51-8090 Miscellaneous plant and system operators ........... 141 132 -9 – -6.2 – .9 10 –

51-8091 Chemical plant and system operators2 ............. 58 51 -7 VL -12.3 VL .9 4 VL

51-8092 Gas plant operators2,5 ...................................... 12 13 1 VL 6.7 VL .9 1 VL

51-8093 Petroleum pump system operators, refinery

operators, and gaugers2,3 ...................... 39 35 -4 VL -11.0 VL .8 3 VL

51-8099 All other plant and system operators2,3 ............ 32 33 2 VL 5.6 VL .9 3 VL

51-9000 Other production occupations ................................... 3,010 3,240 230 – 7.6 – 2.5 535 –

51-9010 Chemical processing machine setters, operators,

and tenders ............................................ 94 92 -2 – -2.0 – .9 13 –

51-9011 Chemical equipment operators and tenders2 ... 58 56 -2 VL -3.8 VL .8 8 VL

51-9012 Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating,

and still machine setters, operators, and

tenders2 ................................................. 36 36 0 VL .8 VL .9 5 VL

51-9020 Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and

blending workers .................................... 196 192 -4 – -2.1 – 1.1 26 –

51-9021 Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine

setters, operators, and tenders .............. 45 44 -1 VL -2.8 VL 1.1 6 VL

51-9022 Grinding and polishing workers, hand .............. 45 49 4 VL 9.0 L 1.1 7 VL

51-9023 Mixing and blending machine setters,

operators, and tenders ........................... 106 99 -7 VL -6.5 VL 1.2 14 VL

51-9030 Cutting workers ..................................................... 109 116 7 – 6.9 – .9 17 –

51-9031 Cutters and trimmers, hand .............................. 31 33 2 VL 7.6 VL .9 5 VL

51-9032 Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators,

and tenders ............................................ 77 83 5 VL 6.6 VL .9 12 VL

51-9041 Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting

machine setters, operators, and

tenders ................................................... 73 73 0 VL -.1 VL 1.1 10 VL

51-9051 Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators

and tenders ............................................ 31 29 -2 VL -4.9 VL 1.7 4 VL

51-9061 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and

weighers ................................................. 515 539 24 L 4.7 VL 1.2 89 L

51-9071 Jewelers and precious stone and metal

workers2 ................................................. 40 42 2 VL 4.5 VL 25.5 3 VL

51-9080 Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory

technicians ............................................. 94 101 7 – 7.4 – 8.4 6 –

51-9081 Dental laboratory technicians ........................... 47 49 2 VL 3.6 VL 13.0 3 VL

51-9082 Medical appliance technicians3 ........................ 14 16 2 VL 16.1 H 13.0 1 VL

51-9083 Ophthalmic laboratory technicians .................... 33 36 3 VL 9.2 L .0 2 VL

51-9111 Packaging and filling machine operators and

tenders ................................................... 387 468 82 H 21.2 H .0 76 L

51-9120 Painting workers ................................................... 187 211 24 – 13.0 – 8.0 34 –

51-9121 Coating, painting, and spraying machine

setters, operators, and tenders .............. 103 112 10 VL 9.4 L 8.0 18 VL

51-9122 Painters, transportation equipment ................... 50 59 9 VL 17.5 H 7.8 9 VL

51-9123 Painting, coating, and decorating workers ........ 34 40 6 VL 17.6 H 8.2 6 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
109

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

 51-70322,8 0 VL 29,780 H H L Long-term on-the-job HS 70.2 19.4 10.4

4– – – – – – – – – – 51-7040

2 VL 22,080 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 86.1 13.5 .4 51-7041

3 VL 22,030 L H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 66.5 11.5 22.0 51-7042

 51-70992 1 VL 21,020 L H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 56.9 22.7 20.4

12 – – – – – – – – – – 51-8000

1– – – – – – – – – – 51-8010

 51-80112,5 0 VL 61,060 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 49.8 38.0 12.2

 51-80122,4 0 VL 54,120 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 47.1 40.5 12.4

 51-80132 1 VL 49,920 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 49.8 38.0 12.2

1 VL 43,240 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 53.7 35.4 11.0 51-8021

 51-80312 5 VL 33,390 H VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 48.7 43.8 7.5

5– – – – – – – – – – 51-8090

 51-80912 2 VL 43,940 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 54.6 39.0 6.4

 51-80922,5 0 VL 48,340 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 54.6 39.0 6.4

 51-80932,3 1 VL 49,280 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 57.6 37.5 4.9

 51-80992,3 1 VL 36,660 H VL VL Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 57.6 37.5 4.9

98 – – – – – – – – – – 51-9000

3– – – – – – – – – – 51-9010

 51-90112 2 VL 37,430 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 46.2 36.4 17.5

 51-90122 1 VL 30,340 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 46.2 36.4 17.5

6– – – – – – – – – – 51-9020

1 VL 26,690 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 67.9 28.6 3.6 51-9021

2 VL 22,970 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 67.9 28.6 3.6 51-9022

3 VL 27,530 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 67.9 28.6 3.6 51-9023

3– – – – – – – – – – 51-9030

1 VL 22,020 L H VL Short-term on-the-job HS 81.1 17.0 1.9 51-9031

2 VL 25,690 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 81.1 17.0 1.9 51-9032

2 VL 26,540 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 69.5 26.0 4.5 51-9041

1 VL 28,210 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 71.2 23.0 5.7 51-9051

14 L 27,060 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 52.9 33.7 13.4 51-9061

 51-90712 1 VL 26,260 L L L Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 61.5 24.8 13.7

3– – – – – – – – – – 51-9080

1 VL 28,500 H L L Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 51.8 34.6 13.6 51-9081

 51-90823 1 VL 27,680 H L L Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 50.4 34.2 15.4

1 VL 21,760 L L L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 51.8 34.6 13.6 51-9083

16 L 21,210 L VH VL Short-term on-the-job HS 81.7 15.5 2.8 51-9111

7– – – – – – – – – – 51-9120

4 VL 25,290 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 76.7 20.8 2.5 51-9121

2 VL 33,550 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 76.7 20.8 2.5 51-9122

1 VL 21,200 L VH VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 76.7 20.8 2.5 51-9123

See footnotes at end of table.
110

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

51-9130 Photographic process workers and processing

machine operators ................................. 82 89 6 – 7.9 – 4.3 14 –

51-9131 Photographic process workers ......................... 28 30 2 VL 5.4 VL 4.0 5 VL

51-9132 Photographic processing machine operators ... 54 59 5 VL 9.2 L 4.5 9 VL

51-9141 Semiconductor processors8 .................................. 46 42 -5 VL -10.6 VL .0 4 VL

51-9190 Miscellaneous production workers ........................ 1,155 1,245 90 – 7.8 – 2.3 242 –

51-9191 Cementing and gluing machine operators and

tenders2 ................................................. 27 28 0 VL 1.0 VL .0 4 VL

51-9192 Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling

equipment operators and tenders3 ........ 18 19 1 VL 6.9 VL .0 3 VL

51-9193 Cooling and freezing equipment operators and

tenders8 ................................................. 7 8 1 VL 7.1 VL .0 1 VL

51-9194 Etchers and engravers2,3 ................................. 10 10 1 VL 6.2 VL 4.6 1 VL

51-9195 Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal

and plastic .............................................. 46 49 3 VL 6.4 VL 19.2 6 VL

51-9196 Paper goods machine setters, operators, and

tenders ................................................... 117 114 -3 VL -2.8 VL .2 15 VL

51-9197 Tire builders ...................................................... 14 15 1 VL 6.6 VL 4.8 2 VL

51-9198 Helpers—production workers ........................... 467 503 36 L 7.7 VL .2 139 H

51-9199 All other production workers ............................. 449 500 51 L 11.3 L 3.4 71 L

53-0000 Transportation and material moving occupations .. 9,828 11,111 1,282 – 13.0 – 4.4 2,000 –

53-1000 Supervisors, transportation and material moving

workers .................................................. 364 411 47 – 12.9 – .2 42 –

53-1011 Aircraft cargo handling supervisors5 ..................... 9 10 1 VL 15.6 H .2 1 VL

53-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of helpers,

laborers, and material movers, hand ..... 147 168 21 L 14.0 L .2 17 VL

53-1031 First-line supervisors/managers of transportation

and material-moving machine and

vehicle operators .................................... 207 232 25 L 12.0 L .2 24 VL

53-2000 Air transportation occupations .................................. 144 168 24 – 17.0 – 1.6 13 –

53-2010 Aircraft pilots and flight engineers ......................... 100 118 18 – 17.8 – 2.4 8 –

53-2011 Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers2 ..... 79 94 15 VL 18.5 H .0 7 VL

53-2012 Commercial pilots2 ............................................ 21 24 3 VL 14.9 H 11.2 2 VL

53-2020 Air traffic controllers and airfield operations

specialists .............................................. 32 36 4 – 13.5 – .0 3 –

53-2021 Air traffic controllers2 ........................................ 26 29 3 VL 12.6 L .0 2 VL

53-2022 Airfield operations specialists2,5 ....................... 6 7 1 VL 17.2 H .0 1 VL

53-2099 All other air transportation workers ....................... 12 14 2 VL 19.4 H .0 1 VL

53-3000 Motor vehicle operators ............................................ 4,136 4,896 760 – 18.4 – 8.5 808 –

53-3011 Ambulance drivers and attendants, except

emergency medical technicians8 ........... 17 22 5 VL 26.7 VH .0 4 VL

53-3020 Bus drivers ............................................................ 654 761 106 – 16.2 – .7 117 –

53-3021 Bus drivers, transit and intercity ........................ 202 233 31 L 15.2 H .7 36 L

53-3022 Bus drivers, school ........................................... 453 528 76 L 16.7 H .7 81 L

53-3030 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .................. 3,221 3,813 592 – 18.4 – 10.5 634 –

53-3031 Driver/sales workers ......................................... 431 450 19 VL 4.3 VL 13.2 68 L

53-3032 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer ............. 1,767 2,104 337 VH 19.0 H 13.1 324 VH

53-3033 Truck drivers, light or delivery services ............. 1,022 1,259 237 VH 23.2 VH 4.7 241 H

53-3041 Taxi drivers and chauffeurs .................................. 132 161 29 L 21.7 VH 4.8 31 VL

53-3099 All other motor vehicle operators3 ........................ 111 139 28 L 25.2 VH 3.6 22 VL

53-4000 Rail transportation occupations ................................ 101 96 -5 – -5.4 – .3 13 –

53-4010 Locomotive engineers and operators2 .................. 33 31 -2 VL -7.2 VL .0 4 VL

53-4021 Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators2,8 .... 15 12 -3 VL -22.8 VL 1.7 2 VL

53-4031 Railroad conductors and yardmasters2 ................ 38 36 -2 VL -4.2 VL .0 5 VL

53-4039 Subway, streetcar operators and all other rail

transportation workers8 .......................... 15 17 2 VL 13.2 L .0 2 VL

53-5000 Water transportation occupations ............................. 68 70 2 – 3.4 – 2.1 8 –

53-5011 Sailors and marine oilers2,3 .................................. 27 28 1 VL 4.0 VL .0 3 VL

See footnotes at end of table.
111

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

3– – – – – – – – – – 51-9130

1 VL 20,220 L H H Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 41.6 32.8 25.5 51-9131

2 VL 18,820 VL H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC/C 41.6 32.8 25.5 51-9132

 51-91418 1 VL 27,340 L H VL Associate degree HS/SC 68.7 23.9 7.5

39 – – – – – – – – – – 51-9190

 51-91912 1 VL 23,190 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 82.7 17.3 –

 51-91923 1 VL 22,850 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 88.0 8.9 3.1

 51-91938 0 VL 21,240 L VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 75.3 19.9 4.8

 51-91942,3 0 VL 22,450 L H H Long-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.1 25.3 11.6

1 VL 24,700 L VH L Moderate-term on-the-job HS 64.6 17.3 18.1 51-9195

2 VL 28,280 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 75.0 22.8 2.2 51-9196

0 VL 38,840 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 49.9 44.2 6.0 51-9197

17 L 19,240 VL VH H Short-term on-the-job HS 77.3 17.3 5.4 51-9198

16 L 22,260 L VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 74.3 21.0 4.7 51-9199

350 – – – – – – – – – – 53-0000

13 – – – – – – – – – – 53-1000

 53-10115 0 VL 37,220 H L L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5

6 VL 37,180 H L L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5 53-1021

7 VL 42,910 VH L L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5 53-1031

6– – – – – – – – – – 53-2000

4– – – – – – – – – – 53-2010

 53-20112 4 VL 109,580 VH L L Bachelor’s degree C 5.0 18.9 76.1

 53-20122 1 VL 47,970 VH L L Postsecondary vocational award C 5.0 18.9 76.1

1– – – – – – – – – – 53-2020

 53-20212 1 VL 91,600 VH VL VL Long-term on-the-job SC/C 17.3 33.6 49.1

 53-20222,5 0 VL 36,010 H VL VL Long-term on-the-job SC/C 17.3 33.6 49.1

1 VL 23,330 L VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5 53-2099

138 – – – – – – – – – – 53-3000

 53-30118 1 VL 19,100 VL L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 69.5 24.9 5.6

25 – – – – – – – – – – 53-3020

7 L 29,580 H L VH Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.9 29.2 7.0 53-3021

17 L 22,390 L L VH Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 63.9 29.2 7.0 53-3022

105 – – – – – – – – – – 53-3030

9 L 20,640 L H L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.9 24.2 4.9 53-3031

63 VH 33,210 H H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 70.9 24.2 4.9 53-3032

33 H 23,870 L H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 60.9 25.9 13.2 53-3033

4 VL 18,530 VL H H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 60.9 25.9 13.2 53-3041

 53-30993 4 VL 18,820 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 73.0 16.8 10.2

3– – – – – – – – – – 53-4000

 53-40102 1 VL 45,450 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 46.8 47.3 5.9

 53-40212,8 0 VL 43,520 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.9 37.6 11.6

 53-40312 1 VL 44,490 VH VL VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 46.8 42.4 10.9

 53-40398 1 VL 44,680 VH L L Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 50.9 37.6 11.6

2– – – – – – – – – – 53-5000

 53-50112,3 1 VL 28,370 H VH VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 69.8 24.8 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.
112

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Employment Employment change, 2002–12

Percent

selfemployed,

2002

Annual average job

openings due to

growth and total

replacement

needs, 2002–12 2002 2012

Numeric Percent

Number Rank Number Rank

Number Rank

53-5020 Ship and boat captains and operators .................. 29 30 1 – 2.4 – 5.0 4 –

53-5021 Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels2 .. 25 26 1 VL 2.4 VL 5.0 3 VL

53-5022 Motorboat operators2,5 ..................................... 4 4 0 VL 2.7 VL 4.7 1 VL

53-5031 Ship engineers8 .................................................... 8 9 0 VL 4.5 VL .0 1 VL

53-5099 All other water transportation workers .................. 4 4 0 VL 5.6 VL .0 0 VL

53-6000 Other transportation workers .................................... 294 326 32 – 11.0 – 1.4 57 –

53-6011 Bridge and lock tenders8 ...................................... 4 3 -1 VL -17.4 VL .0 0 VL

53-6021 Parking lot attendants2 ......................................... 107 128 21 L 19.2 H .4 20 VL

53-6031 Service station attendants .................................... 107 111 4 VL 3.3 VL 3.2 24 VL

53-6041 Traffic technicians5 ............................................... 6 6 1 VL 9.3 L .0 1 VL

53-6051 Transportation inspectors ..................................... 29 32 2 VL 7.7 VL .4 5 VL

53-6099 All other related transportation workers3 .............. 40 47 6 VL 15.2 H .0 7 VL

53-7000 Material moving occupations .................................... 4,722 5,144 422 – 8.9 – 1.4 1,059 –

53-7011 Conveyor operators and tenders8 ......................... 58 65 7 VL 12.4 L .0 9 VL

53-7021 Crane and tower operators ................................... 50 55 5 VL 10.8 L 1.9 5 VL

53-7030 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine

operators ................................................ 87 94 7 – 7.5 – 16.9 16 –

53-7031 Dredge operators2,5 .......................................... 3 3 0 VL .3 VL 16.6 1 VL

53-7032 Excavating and loading machine and dragline

operators2 .............................................. 80 87 7 VL 8.9 L 16.9 15 VL

53-7033 Loading machine operators, underground

mining2,5 ................................................ 4 3 -1 VL -14.1 VL 16.5 1 VL

53-7041 Hoist and winch operators2,4 ................................ 9 10 1 VL 13.0 L .6 1 VL

53-7051 Industrial truck and tractor operators .................... 594 659 66 L 11.1 L .1 98 L

53-7060 Laborers and material movers, hand .................... 3,659 3,967 308 – 8.4 – 1.3 861 –

53-7061 Cleaners of vehicles and equipment ................. 344 374 30 L 8.7 L 8.3 77 L

53-7062 Laborers and freight, stock, and material

movers, hand ......................................... 2,231 2,378 147 H 6.6 VL .8 541 VH

53-7063 Machine feeders and offbearers ....................... 164 162 -2 VL -1.4 VL .0 31 VL

53-7064 Packers and packagers, hand .......................... 920 1,052 132 H 14.4 L .1 211 H

53-7070 Pumping station operators .................................... 32 30 -2 – -6.0 – 5.8 4 –

53-7071 Gas compressor and gas pumping station

operators6 .............................................. 7 7 0 VL 1.0 VL 5.4 1 VL

53-7072 Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers6 .... 13 13 -1 VL -5.0 VL 6.3 2 VL

53-7073 Wellhead pumpers6 .......................................... 11 10 -1 VL -11.7 VL 5.5 1 VL

53-7081 Refuse and recyclable material collectors2 ........... 134 158 24 L 17.6 H 1.8 45 L

53-7111 Shuttle car operators8 ........................................... 3 2 -1 VL -31.3 VL .0 1 VL

53-7121 Tank car, truck, and ship loaders8 ........................ 17 17 0 VL -2.1 VL .0 3 VL

53-7199 Material moving workers, all other ........................ 78 86 8 VL 10.0 L .1 16 VL
113

Table III–1. Occupational employment and job openings data, 2002–12, and worker characteristics, 2002—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national

employment

matrix

occupation

code

Annual average

job openings

due to growth

and net

replacement

needs, 2002–12

2002 median

annual earnings

Unemployment

rate

Percent

parttime

Most significant source of postsecondary

education or training9

Educational

attainment

cluster11

Percent of workers aged 25

to 44, by educational

attainment

Dollars Rank High

school

or less

Some

college

College

or

higher Number Rank

1– – – – – – – – – – 53-5020

 53-50212 1 VL 49,850 VH H VL Work experience in a related occupation HS 72.4 13.6 13.9

 53-50222,5 0 VL 26,440 L H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 72.4 13.6 13.9

 53-50318 0 VL 51,190 VH VH VL Postsecondary vocational award HS/SC 59.5 26.6 13.9

0 VL 30,520 H H VL Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 50.0 36.5 13.5 53-5099

14 – – – – – – – – – – 53-6000

 53-60118 0 VL 35,310 H VH L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 62.8 30.3 6.9

 53-60212 5 VL 16,320 VL VH VH Short-term on-the-job HS 70.3 19.4 10.3

5 VL 16,570 VL VH H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 67.8 26.4 5.9 53-6031

 53-60415 0 VL 31,650 H H L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 36.7 54.9 8.4

1 VL 48,450 VH L VL Work experience in a related occupation HS/SC 39.7 45.9 14.4 53-6051

 53-60993 2 VL 26,600 L H L Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 44.5 49.2 6.3

173 – – – – – – – – – – 53-7000

 53-70118 2 VL 24,250 L VL VL Short-term on-the-job HS 77.0 19.5 3.5

2 VL 36,330 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 87.4 10.9 1.7 53-7021

3– – – – – – – – – – 53-7030

 53-70312,5 0 VL 27,730 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.9 15.5 .7

 53-70322 3 VL 32,410 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.9 15.5 .7

 53-70332,5 0 VL 31,930 H L VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 83.9 15.5 .7

 53-70412,4 0 VL 31,400 H VH VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 78.1 19.4 2.5

18 L 26,070 L VH VL Short-term on-the-job HS 78.8 17.9 3.3 53-7051

138 – – – – – – – – – – 53-7060

15 L 17,060 VL VH H Short-term on-the-job HS 78.1 17.4 4.5 53-7061

88 VH 19,710 L VH H Short-term on-the-job HS/SC 73.8 21.7 4.5 53-7062

4 VL 21,840 L VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 81.0 15.7 3.3 53-7063

30 H 16,700 VL VH H Short-term on-the-job HS 83.3 12.6 4.1 53-7064

1– – – – – – – – – – 53-7070

 53-70716 0 VL 42,510 VH VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 52.2 38.8 9.0

 53-70726 0 VL 36,470 H VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 52.2 38.8 9.0

 53-70736 0 VL 33,770 H VL VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 52.2 38.8 9.0

 53-70812 6 VL 24,130 L H L Short-term on-the-job HS 79.0 14.6 6.4

 53-71118 0 VL 38,360 H VH L Short-term on-the-job HS 77.0 19.5 3.5

 53-71218 0 VL 32,500 H H VL Moderate-term on-the-job HS 77.0 19.5 3.5

3 VL 25,070 L H L Moderate-term on-the-job HS/SC 73.7 22.3 4.1 53-7199

1 CPS earnings data are used for this occupation. 2 One or more Current Population Survey (CPS) proxy occupations are

used to estimate CPS based data.

3 Employment of the 25–44 age group was less than 10,000;

employment for the 25-and-older age group was used instead.

4 Employment of the 25-and-older age group was less than 10,000;

employment for the 16-and-older age group was used instead.

5 Employment was less than 10,000; employment for the 25-and-older

age group was used instead.

6 CPS-based employment of the 25–44 age group was less than 10,000;

employment for the 25-and-older age group was used instead.

7 CPS-based employment of the 25-and-older age group was less than

10,000; employment for the 16-and-older age group was used instead.

8 CPS-based employment was less than 10,000; CPS-based summary

employment was used instead.

9 An occupation is placed into one of 11 categories that best describes

the postsecondary education or training needed by most workers to become

fully qualified in the occupation.

10 Bachelor’s or higher degree, plus work experience. 11 The job types are presented in the following categories: HS = high

school occupations, HS/SC = high school/some college occupations, SC =

some college occupations, HS/SC/C = high school/some college/college

occupations, SC/C = some college/college occupations, and C = college

occupations.

NOTE: Rankings are based on employment in all detailed occupations in

the National Employment Matrix. For details, see "Data presented" section

of text. Codes for describing the ranked variables are: VH = Very high, H =

High, L = Low, and VL = Very low. A dash indicates data are not applicable.

Quartile ranking data ranges are available at

http://www.bls.gov/emp/empqrank.htm.
114

Table III–2. Employment for occupations not presented in the national employment matrix, 2002

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation code and title Occupation

type

2002

employment

15-2090 Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations ..................................................... Rollup 7

15-2091 Mathematical technicians ............................................................................................... Collapse 2

15-2099 Mathematical scientists, all other .................................................................................... Collapse 5

25-1000 Postsecondary teachers ................................................................................................ Rollup 1,581

25-1011 Business teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................. Collapse 84

25-1021 Computer science teachers, postsecondary .................................................................. Collapse 40

25-1022 Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary ............................................................. Collapse 50

25-1031 Architecture teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................ Collapse 7

25-1032 Engineering teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................ Collapse 37

25-1041 Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary .............................................................. Collapse 14

25-1042 Biological science teachers, postsecondary ................................................................... Collapse 59

25-1043 Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary ......................................... Collapse 3

25-1051 Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary ................... Collapse 10

25-1052 Chemistry teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................... Collapse 22

25-1053 Environmental science teachers, postsecondary ........................................................... Collapse 5

25-1054 Physics teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................... Collapse 15

25-1061 Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary ................................................. Collapse 6

25-1062 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary ........................................... Collapse 8

25-1063 Economics teachers, postsecondary .............................................................................. Collapse 15

25-1064 Geography teachers, postsecondary .............................................................................. Collapse 5

25-1065 Political science teachers, postsecondary ...................................................................... Collapse 15

25-1066 Psychology teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................. Collapse 33

25-1067 Sociology teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................ Collapse 17

25-1071 Health specialties teachers, postsecondary ................................................................... Collapse 127

25-1072 Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary .......................................................... Collapse 43

25-1081 Education teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................... Collapse 54

25-1082 Library science teachers, postsecondary ....................................................................... Collapse 5

25-1111 Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary ..................................... Collapse 10

25-1112 Law teachers, postsecondary ......................................................................................... Collapse 13

25-1113 Social work teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................. Collapse 8

25-1121 Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary ............................................................ Collapse 72

25-1122 Communications teachers, postsecondary ..................................................................... Collapse 25

25-1123 English language and literature teachers, postsecondary .............................................. Collapse 67

25-1124 Foreignlanguage and literature teachers, postsecondary .............................................. Collapse 25

25-1125 History teachers, postsecondary .................................................................................... Collapse 22

25-1126 Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary .......................................................... Collapse 20

25-1191 Graduate teaching assistants ......................................................................................... Collapse 159

25-1192 Home economics teachers, postsecondary .................................................................... Collapse 5

25-1193 Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary ............................................... Collapse 18

25-1194 Vocational education teachers, postsecondary .............................................................. Collapse 133

25-1198 All other postsecondary teachers ................................................................................... Collapse 330

25-2040 Special education teachers ........................................................................................... Rollup 433

25-2041 Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school ............... Collapse 210

25-2042 Special education teachers, middle school .................................................................... Collapse 88

25-2043 Special education teachers, secondary school .............................................................. Collapse 134

29-1060 Physicians and surgeons .............................................................................................. Rollup 583

29-1061 Anesthesiologists ............................................................................................................ Collapse 29

29-1062 Family and general practitioners .................................................................................... Collapse 143

29-1063 Internists, general ........................................................................................................... Collapse 60

29-1064 Obstetricians and gynecologists ..................................................................................... Collapse 23

29-1065 Pediatricians, general ..................................................................................................... Collapse 32

29-1066 Psychiatrists ................................................................................................................... Collapse 24

29-1067 Surgeons ........................................................................................................................ Collapse 61

29-1069 Physicians and surgeons, all other ................................................................................. Collapse 210

33-2020 Fire inspectors ................................................................................................................ Rollup 14

33-2021 Fire inspectors and investigators .................................................................................... Collapse 13

33-2022 Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists ............................................................ Collapse 2

45-1000 Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers .................................................. Rollup 52

45-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers ..................... Collapse 51

45-1012 Farm labor contractors ................................................................................................... Collapse 1

53-4010 Locomotive engineers and operators .......................................................................... Rollup 33

53-4011 Locomotive engineers .................................................................................................... Collapse 28

53-4012 Locomotive firers ............................................................................................................ Collapse 1

53-4013 Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers ...................................................... Collapse 5

53-4039 Subway, streetcar operators and all other rail transportation workers .................... Rollup 15

53-4041 Subway and streetcar operators ..................................................................................... Collapse 7

53-4099 Rail transportation workers, all other .............................................................................. Collapse 8
 115

Chapter IV. Factors Affecting Industry Employment and 

Occupational Utilization, 2002–12 

Occupational employment may change over time, for several reasons. For example, an occupation’s employment 

could increase because of growing demand for goods and 

services produced by industries in which the employment is 

concentrated. Alternatively, increases in the utilization of 

an occupation in those industries could boost the occupation’s overall employment. This chapter presents information about both categories of factors—those affecting industry employment and those affecting occupational 

utilization within industries—that drive changes in occupational employment. 

Industry employment

Many assumptions underlie the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) projections of the aggregate economy and of industry 

output, productivity, and employment. Often, these assumptions bear specifically on macroeconomic factors, 

such as the aggregate unemployment rate, the anticipated 

time path of labor productivity, and expectations regarding 

the Federal budget surplus or deficit. Other assumptions 

deal with factors that affect industry-specific measures of 

economic activity. 

Detailed industry employment projections are based 

largely on time-series models, which, by their very nature, 

project future economic behavior on the basis of a continuation of economic relationships that held in the past. 

For the most part, the determinants of industry employment 

are expressed both in the structure of the models’ equations 

and as adjustments imposed on the specific equations to ensure that the models are indeed making a smooth transition 

from actual historical data to projected results. However, 

one of the most important steps associated with the preparation of the BLS projections is a detailed review of the results 

by analysts who have studied recent economic trends in 

specific industries. In some cases, the results of the aggregate and industry models are modified because of the analysts’ judgment that historical relationships need to be redefined in some manner. 

As discussed in Chapter II, the 2002–12 projections 

were the first to incorporate the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Table IV–1 presents 

historical and projected information about employment and 

output for aggregate and detailed industries. Industry sector employment projections prepared in the Division of Industry Employment Projections (DIEP) used a comprehensive modeling technique that estimates output as well as 

employment. More detailed industry employment projections produced using historical time series information are 

included in the matrix and are consistent with their parent 

industry sector, however projections of output were not developed for these industries. Specific factors that underlie 

the projections of industry employment for DIEP sectors are 

presented in table IV–2 to allow the user to better understand the rationale behind projected changes in industry 

employment and output. 

Occupational utilization 

BLS projections of wage and salary employment are 

developed within the framework of an industry-occupation 

matrix, which shows the occupational distribution in an 

industry. Historical data indicate that the occupational 

distribution of industries changes over time as the 

utilization of some occupations changes relative to that of 

other occupations. 

Among the various factors that can affect the utilization of workers in an occupation in particular industries are 

several kinds of changes: in technology, business practices, 

the mix of goods and services produced, and the size of 

business establishments. BLS staff analyze each occupation 

in the matrix to identify the factors that are likely to cause 

an increase or decrease in utilization of the occupation 

within a particular industry in the future. The analyses incorporate judgments about new trends that may influence 

occupational utilization, such as the use of the Internet or 

electronic commerce. Table IV–3 contains brief descriptions of the factors underlying changes in occupational 

utilization within industries projected to occur between 

2002 and 2012. Occupations appear in alphabetical order. 

Although all detailed occupations were analyzed, utilization 

for many occupations was projected to remain unchanged. 

These occupations are not included in the table. In addition, factors are discussed for only the most significant industries—those with the highest share of an occupation’s 

employment. 

In developing the projections, BLS staff made hundreds 

of analytical decisions of the kind set forth in the preceding 

paragraph. To maintain consistency among analysts, guidelines for changing distributions were established as follows: 

small change = ±10 percent; moderate change = ±20 percent; large change = ±35 percent; very large change = ±50 

percent. 
116

Table IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012

Industry title and North American Industry

Classification System code

Employment Output

Thousands of jobs Change

Average

annual rate

of change

Billions of chained

1996 dollars

Average

annual rate

of change

1992 2002 2012 1992–

2002

2002–

2012

1992–

2002

2002–

2012 1992 2002 2012 1992–2002

2002–

2012

Nonagriculture wage and salary1 ........... 109,526 131,063 152,690 21,537 21,627 1.8 1.5 11,448 15,818 21,973 3.3 3.3

Mining (21) ................................................................... 610 512 451 -98 -61 -1.7 -1.3 155 166 156 .7 -.6

 Oil and gas extraction (211) ........................................ 182 123 88 -60 -34 -3.9 -3.2 94 87 80 -.7 -.9

 Mining (except oil and gas) (212) ................................ 272 212 180 -60 -32 -2.5 -1.6 47 54 52 1.4 -.5

 Coal mining (2121) .................................................. 118 75 52 -43 -23 -4.4 -3.5 22 26 23 1.8 -1.1

 Metal ore mining (2122) .......................................... 50 29 18 -21 -11 -5.2 -4.8 11 10 11 -.6 .8

 Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying (2123) ... 104 108 110 3 2 .3 .2 14 18 17 2.1 -.5

 Support activities for mining (213) ............................... 156 177 183 22 6 1.3 .3 14 24 26 5.3 .9

Utilities (22) ................................................................. 726 600 565 -126 -34 -1.9 -.6 278 267 320 -.4 1.8

 Electric power generation, transmission, and

distribution (2211) ........................................... 537 436 405 -101 -31 -2.1 -.7 207 207 254 .0 2.0

 Natural gas distribution (2212) .................................... 154 116 90 -38 -26 -2.8 -2.5 66 53 58 -2.1 .9

 Water, sewage, and other systems (2213) ................. 35 49 71 13 23 3.2 3.9 5 6 8 2.2 2.7

Construction (23) ...................................................... 4,608 6,732 7,745 2,124 1,014 3.9 1.4 547 719 852 2.8 1.7

 Construction of buildings (236) ................................... 1,187 1,584 1,706 397 123 2.9 .7 – – – – –

 Residential building construction (2361) ................. 551 807 895 257 88 3.9 1.0 – – – – –

 Nonresidential building construction (2362) ............ 637 776 811 140 35 2.0 .4 – – – – –

 Heavy and civil engineering construction (237) .......... 734 930 992 196 62 2.4 .6 – – – – –

 Utility system construction (2371) ........................... 284 381 421 96 41 3.0 1.0 – – – – –

 Land subdivision (2372) .......................................... 81 86 87 5 1 .6 .1 – – – – –

 Highway, street, and bridge construction (2373) ..... 264 344 363 81 19 2.7 .5 – – – – –

 Other heavy and civil engineering construction

(2379) .............................................................. 105 119 120 14 1 1.3 .1 – – – – –

 Specialty trade contractors (2380) .............................. 2,686 4,218 5,047 1,532 830 4.6 1.8 – – – – –

 Foundation, structure, and building exterior

contractors (2381) ........................................... 607 915 1,078 309 163 4.2 1.7 – – – – –

 Building equipment contractors (2382) ................... 1,179 1,843 2,275 663 433 4.6 2.1 – – – – –

 Building finishing contractors (2383) ....................... 554 880 1,011 325 131 4.7 1.4 – – – – –

 Other specialty trade contractors (2389) ................. 346 581 683 235 103 5.3 1.6 – – – – –

Manufacturing (31-33) ............................................. 16,799 15,307 15,149 -1,492 -158 -.9 -.1 3,067 3,840 5,361 2.3 3.4

 Food manufacturing (311) ........................................... 1,518 1,525 1,597 7 72 .0 .5 384 437 517 1.3 1.7

 Animal food manufacturing (3111) .......................... 55 52 52 -4 1 -.7 .1 25 30 38 2.1 2.2

 Grain and oilseed milling (3112) ............................. 71 62 61 -9 -1 -1.3 -.1 49 57 70 1.6 2.0

 Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing

(3113) .............................................................. 103 83 80 -20 -3 -2.1 -.3 22 26 30 1.7 1.6

 Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food

manufacturing (3114) ...................................... 218 182 180 -36 -2 -1.8 -.1 44 50 59 1.4 1.7

 Dairy product manufacturing (3115) ........................ 143 137 124 -6 -13 -.4 -1.0 57 56 58 -.3 .4

 Animal slaughtering and processing (3116) ............ 438 520 601 83 80 1.7 1.4 98 118 144 1.9 2.0

 Seafood product preparation and packaging

(3117) .............................................................. 55 44 40 -11 -4 -2.3 -.8 8 7 8 -1.2 1.2

 Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing (3118) ............. 290 295 303 4 9 .1 .3 39 43 53 1.1 2.0

 Other food manufacturing (3119) ............................ 146 152 155 5 4 .4 .2 44 51 59 1.5 1.5

 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing (312) .. 209 206 179 -3 -27 -.1 -1.4 96 98 105 .3 .7

 Beverage manufacturing (3121) .............................. 165 172 158 7 -14 .4 -.8 59 64 74 .8 1.3

 Tobacco manufacturing (3122) ............................... 44 33 20 -10 -13 -2.7 -4.8 36 34 33 -.5 -.3

 Textile mills (313) ........................................................ 479 293 157 -186 -136 -4.8 -6.1 51 45 36 -1.4 -2.2

 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills (3131) ........................ 97 64 37 -33 -27 -4.1 -5.3 12 11 8 -1.0 -2.5

 Fabric mills (3132) ................................................... 256 147 80 -109 -67 -5.4 -5.9 26 22 21 -1.7 -.4

 Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills

(3133) .............................................................. 126 82 40 -44 -42 -4.2 -6.9 13 12 7 -1.0 -6.0

 Textle product mills (314) ............................................ 202 196 181 -6 -16 -.3 -.8 26 30 35 1.4 1.3

 Textile furnishings mills (3141) ................................ 120 119 111 -1 -8 -.1 -.7 18 21 23 1.8 1.0

 Other textile product mills (3149) ............................ 82 78 70 -5 -8 -.6 -1.1 9 9 11 .6 2.1

 Apparel manufacturing (315) ....................................... 905 358 112 -548 -246 -8.9 -11.0 64 50 23 -2.4 -7.6

 Apparel knitting mills (3151) .................................... 110 50 20 -60 -30 -7.7 -8.7 10 6 2 -4.3 -9.7

 Cut and sew apparel manufacturing (3152) ............ 752 282 77 -470 -205 -9.4 -12.2 50 40 17 -2.2 -8.1

 Apparel accessories and other apparel

manufacturing (3159) ...................................... 43 26 15 -17 -11 -4.8 -5.4 4 4 3 -1.3 -1.5

 Leather and allied product manufacturing (316) ......... 121 50 33 -71 -17 -8.5 -4.0 10 8 6 -2.5 -2.6

See footnotes at end of table.
117

Table IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012—Continued

Industry title and North American Industry

Classification System code

Employment Output

Thousands of jobs Change

Average

annual rate

of change

Billions of chained

1996 dollars

Average

annual rate

of change

1992 2002 2012 1992–

2002

2002–

2012

1992–

2002

2002–

2012 1992 2002 2012 1992–2002

2002–

2012

 Leather and hide tanning and finishing (3161) ........ 15 9 5 -7 -4 -5.7 -6.3 3 3 1 -1.5 -7.7

 Footwear manufacturing (3162) .............................. 72 21 18 -51 -4 -11.5 -1.8 5 3 4 -3.6 2.1

 Other leather and allied product manufacturing

(3169) .............................................................. 33 20 11 -13 -9 -5.0 -5.9 3 2 1 -1.6 -7.7

 Wood product manufacturing (321) ............................. 502 557 634 55 77 1.0 1.3 73 83 112 1.2 3.0

 Sawmills and wood preservation (3211) ................. 134 121 110 -13 -11 -1.0 -1.0 25 26 34 .6 2.7

 Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product

manufacturing (3212) ...................................... 88 116 138 28 21 2.8 1.7 17 20 26 1.8 2.6

 Other wood product manufacturing (3219) ............. 280 320 386 39 67 1.3 1.9 32 37 52 1.5 3.4

 Paper manufacturing (322) ......................................... 640 550 477 -90 -72 -1.5 -1.4 146 141 144 -.4 .2

 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills (3221) ............... 232 168 126 -63 -42 -3.1 -2.8 73 68 65 -.8 -.5

 Converted paper product manufacturing (3222) ..... 408 382 351 -26 -31 -.7 -.8 73 73 79 .0 .8

 Printing and related support activities (323) ................ 780 710 734 -70 24 -.9 .3 92 91 94 -.1 .3

 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing (324) ..... 152 119 102 -33 -18 -2.4 -1.6 161 181 199 1.2 1.0

 Chemical manufacturing (325) .................................... 1,029 930 891 -99 -38 -1.0 -.4 363 401 450 1.0 1.2

 Basic chemical manufacturing (3251) ..................... 246 171 140 -76 -31 -3.6 -2.0 117 98 76 -1.8 -2.5

 Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic

fibers and filaments manufacturing (3252) ...... 151 114 89 -37 -26 -2.8 -2.5 54 56 54 .4 -.4

 Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical

manufacturing (3253) ...................................... 54 45 35 -10 -10 -1.9 -2.4 23 19 22 -2.1 1.9

 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing

(3254) .............................................................. 225 293 361 68 68 2.7 2.1 72 112 157 4.5 3.5

 Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing

(3255) .............................................................. 81 72 62 -8 -11 -1.1 -1.6 22 24 30 .8 2.1

 Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation

manufacturing (3256) ...................................... 127 122 125 -5 3 -.4 .3 43 52 64 1.8 2.0

 Other chemical product and preparation

manufacturing (3259) ...................................... 144 112 79 -32 -33 -2.4 -3.4 34 36 42 .6 1.3

 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing (326) ..... 819 854 991 35 138 .4 1.5 122 164 245 3.0 4.1

 Plastics product manufacturing (3261) .................... 620 668 797 48 128 .8 1.8 95 133 198 3.4 4.1

 Rubber product manufacturing (3262) .................... 199 185 195 -14 10 -.7 .5 27 31 47 1.4 4.0

 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing (327) ...... 487 519 579 32 60 .6 1.1 69 85 114 2.1 2.9

 Clay product and refractory manufacturing (3271) .. 79 72 80 -7 9 -.9 1.1 7 8 10 .2 3.2

 Glass and glass product manufacturing (3272) ...... 145 126 125 -19 -1 -1.4 -.1 19 22 33 1.6 3.9

 Cement and concrete product manufacturing

(3273) .............................................................. 178 230 278 52 48 2.6 1.9 27 38 49 3.4 2.5

 Lime and gypsum product manufacturing (3274) .... 14 19 21 5 2 3.0 .9 4 5 6 1.6 2.1

 Other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

(3279) .............................................................. 72 72 75 0 3 .1 .4 12 13 16 1.0 2.3

 Primary metal manufacturing (331) ............................ 630 511 494 -119 -17 -2.1 -.3 140 137 160 -.2 1.5

 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing

(3311) .............................................................. 168 107 76 -61 -31 -4.4 -3.4 47 49 56 .4 1.4

 Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel

(3312) .............................................................. 66 63 60 -3 -3 -.4 -.5 16 15 18 -.7 1.5

 Alumina and aluminum production and processing

(3313) .............................................................. 100 80 79 -19 -1 -2.1 -.2 29 25 26 -1.5 .3

 Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production

and processing (3314) .................................... 102 81 80 -20 -1 -2.2 -.2 26 22 21 -1.9 -.3

 Foundries (3315) ..................................................... 196 180 199 -16 20 -.9 1.0 21 25 38 2.1 4.2

 Fabricated metal product manufacturing (332) ........... 1,497 1,548 1,645 51 97 .3 .6 186 226 315 2.0 3.4

 Forging and stamping (3321) .................................. 122 114 132 -9 18 -.7 1.5 18 23 36 2.6 4.5

 Cutlery and handtool manufacturing (3322) ............ 73 65 70 -8 6 -1.2 .8 8 10 15 1.9 3.7

 Architectural and structural metals manufacturing

(3323) .............................................................. 327 400 478 74 77 2.1 1.8 41 55 81 3.1 3.9

 Boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing

(3324) .............................................................. 108 95 90 -13 -5 -1.3 -.5 21 20 26 -.6 2.6

 Hardware manufacturing (3325) ............................. 54 43 45 -11 3 -2.3 .6 9 10 14 .8 3.9

 Spring and wire product manufacturing (3326) ....... 74 71 59 -4 -12 -.5 -1.8 6 8 9 2.2 1.2

 Machine shops; turned product; and screw, nut,

and bolt manufacturing (3327) ........................ 287 318 333 32 15 1.1 .5 29 41 62 3.7 4.2

 Coating, engraving, heat treating, and allied

activities (3328) ............................................... 137 148 151 11 4 .8 .2 12 16 25 2.8 4.4

See footnotes at end of table.
118

Table IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012—Continued

Industry title and North American Industry

Classification System code

Employment Output

Thousands of jobs Change

Average

annual rate

of change

Billions of chained

1996 dollars

Average

annual rate

of change

1992 2002 2012 1992–

2002

2002–

2012

1992–

2002

2002–

2012 1992 2002 2012 1992–2002

2002–

2012

 Other fabricated metal product manufacturing

(3329) .............................................................. 316 296 287 -20 -9 -0.7 -0.3 42 43 49 0.3 1.2

 Machinery manufacturing (333) .................................. 1,309 1,237 1,357 -72 120 -.6 .9 186 230 341 2.1 4.0

 Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery

manufacturing (3331) ...................................... 201 201 212 1 10 .0 .5 33 42 60 2.5 3.5

 Industrial machinery manufacturing (3332) ............. 142 132 125 -10 -6 -.7 -.5 22 31 47 3.3 4.4

 Commercial and service industry machinery

manufacturing (3333) ...................................... 138 132 141 -6 9 -.5 .6 22 19 27 -1.3 3.6

 Ventilation, heating, air-conditioning, and

commercial refrigeration equipment

manufacturing (3334) ...................................... 161 167 189 7 22 .4 1.2 22 29 40 2.8 3.2

 Metalworking machinery manufacturing (3335) ...... 241 217 251 -24 34 -1.0 1.5 21 23 38 .9 4.9

 Engine, turbine, and power transmission

equipment manufacturing (3336) .................... 111 100 100 -11 0 -1.0 .0 23 34 44 4.1 2.7

 Other general purpose machinery manufacturing

(3339) .............................................................. 317 288 339 -29 51 -.9 1.6 43 51 84 1.7 5.2

 Computer and electronic product manufacturing

(334) ................................................................ 1,707 1,521 1,333 -186 -189 -1.1 -1.3 225 557 1,705 9.5 11.8

 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

(3341) .............................................................. 329 250 182 -79 -68 -2.7 -3.1 28 263 2,293 24.9 24.2

 Communications equipment manufacturing

(3342) .............................................................. 210 191 201 -19 10 -.9 .5 45 100 268 8.2 10.4

 Audio and video equipment manufacturing

(3343) .............................................................. 58 42 38 -16 -3 -3.2 -.8 8 9 10 1.0 1.2

 Semiconductor and other electronic component

manufacturing (3344) ...................................... 519 531 452 12 -79 .2 -1.6 67 134 149 7.2 1.1

 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and

control instruments manufacturing (3345) ....... 549 451 396 -98 -55 -1.9 -1.3 79 92 126 1.4 3.2

 Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and

optical media (3346) ........................................ 44 57 63 13 6 2.7 1.1 8 7 9 -1.4 2.1

 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component

manufacturing (335) ........................................ 580 499 486 -81 -13 -1.5 -.3 88 103 142 1.6 3.3

 Electric lighting equipment manufacturing (3351) ... 74 72 70 -2 -2 -.2 -.3 10 12 14 1.8 1.4

 Household appliance manufacturing (3352) ........... 106 98 84 -8 -14 -.8 -1.5 18 22 29 2.2 2.8

 Electrical equipment manufacturing (3353) ............. 219 176 180 -43 4 -2.1 .2 26 29 46 .8 4.7

 Other electrical equipment and component

manufacturing (3359) ...................................... 180 152 151 -28 -1 -1.7 -.1 33 41 54 1.9 2.9

 Transportation equipment manufacturing (336) .......... 1,977 1,829 1,787 -148 -41 -.8 -.2 462 600 802 2.6 3.0

 Motor vehicle manufacturing (3361) ........................ 260 267 251 7 -16 .3 -.6 166 236 319 3.6 3.1

 Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing

(3362) .............................................................. 126 154 172 28 18 2.0 1.1 15 22 39 3.7 5.7

 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing (3363) ............... 661 731 758 70 27 1.0 .4 115 187 275 5.0 3.9

 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing

(3364) .............................................................. 711 468 386 -242 -83 -4.1 -1.9 138 116 117 -1.7 .1

 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing (3365) ............ 27 23 24 -4 1 -1.7 .6 5 8 12 4.0 4.2

 Ship and boat building (3366) ................................. 157 146 157 -10 11 -.7 .7 16 19 27 1.6 3.8

 Other transportation equipment manufacturing

(3369) .............................................................. 36 40 40 4 0 1.0 .1 7 12 16 5.9 2.4

 Furniture and related product manufacturing (337) ..... 563 605 666 42 62 .7 1.0 51 66 89 2.7 3.0

 Household and institutional furniture and kitchen

cabinet manufacturing (3371) ......................... 373 400 450 28 49 .7 1.2 30 39 53 2.7 3.0

 Office furniture (including fixtures) manufacturing

(3372) .............................................................. 146 151 155 5 5 .3 .3 16 20 27 2.2 3.1

 Other furniture related product manufacturing

(3379) .............................................................. 44 54 61 10 7 2.0 1.3 5 7 10 4.1 2.8

 Miscellaneous manufacturing (339) ............................ 693 692 715 -1 24 .0 .3 85 114 151 3.0 2.9

 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing

(3391) .............................................................. 297 309 329 12 20 .4 .6 37 55 91 4.1 5.2

 Other miscellaneous manufacturing (3399) ............ 395 383 387 -12 4 -.3 .1 49 59 60 2.0 .1

Wholesale trade (42) ................................................ 5,110 5,641 6,279 531 638 1.0 1.1 600 1,025 1,622 5.5 4.7

 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods (423) ............... 2,699 3,007 3,464 308 457 1.1 1.4 – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
119

Table IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012—Continued

Industry title and North American Industry

Classification System code

Employment Output

Thousands of jobs Change

Average

annual rate

of change

Billions of chained

1996 dollars

Average

annual rate

of change

1992 2002 2012 1992–

2002

2002–

2012

1992–

2002

2002–

2012 1992 2002 2012 1992–2002

2002–

2012

 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies

merchant wholesalers (4231) .......................... 302 346 393 43 47 1.3 1.3 – – – – –

 Furniture and home furnishing merchant

wholesalers (4232) .......................................... 95 108 126 13 18 1.3 1.6 – – – – –

 Lumber and other construction materials merchant

wholesalers (4233) .......................................... 170 225 270 56 45 2.9 1.8 – – – – –

 Professional and commercial equipment and

supplies merchant wholesalers (4234) ............ 584 659 790 76 130 1.2 1.8 – – – – –

 Metal and mineral (except petroleum) merchant

wholesalers (4235) .......................................... 118 126 147 8 21 .7 1.5 – – – – –

 Electrical and electronic goods merchant

wholesalers (4236) .......................................... 329 367 450 38 83 1.1 2.1 – – – – –

 Hardware, and plumbing and heating equipment

and supplies merchant wholesalers (4237) ..... 206 233 267 27 33 1.3 1.3 – – – – –

 Machinery, equipment, and supplies merchant

wholesalers (4238) .......................................... 646 676 724 30 48 .5 .7 – – – – –

 Miscellaneous durable goods merchant

wholesalers (4239) .......................................... 251 267 299 17 32 .6 1.1 – – – – –

 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods (424) ......... 1,892 2,015 2,124 124 109 .6 .5 – – – – –

 Paper and paper product merchant wholesalers

(4241) .............................................................. 159 160 176 1 16 .1 .9 – – – – –

 Drugs and druggists’ sundries merchant

wholesalers (4242) .......................................... 142 213 251 70 39 4.1 1.7 – – – – –

 Apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant

wholesalers (4243) .......................................... 155 150 160 -5 10 -.3 .6 – – – – –

 Grocery and related product wholesalers (4244) .... 621 676 725 55 49 .9 .7 – – – – –

 Farm product raw material merchant wholesalers

(4245) .............................................................. 95 75 57 -20 -19 -2.3 -2.8 – – – – –

 Chemical and allied products merchant

wholesalers (4246) .......................................... 122 133 147 11 14 .9 1.0 – – – – –

 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant

wholesalers (4247) .......................................... 137 111 77 -26 -34 -2.0 -3.6 – – – – –

 Beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverage

merchant wholesalers (4248) .......................... 115 133 138 18 5 1.5 .4 – – – – –

 Miscellaneous nondurable goods merchant

wholesalers (4249) .......................................... 346 364 393 18 29 .5 .8 – – – – –

 Wholesale electronic markets and agents and

brokers (425) ................................................... 519 619 691 99 72 1.8 1.1 – – – – –

Retail trade (44–45) ................................................... 12,828 15,047 17,129 2,219 2,082 1.6 1.3 667 1,013 1,420 4.3 3.4

 Motor vehicle and parts dealers (441) ......................... 1,428 1,879 2,124 451 245 2.8 1.2 – – – – –

 Automobile dealers (4411) ...................................... 935 1,250 1,408 316 158 3.0 1.2 – – – – –

 Other motor vehicle dealers (4412) ......................... 81 142 168 61 26 5.8 1.7 – – – – –

 Automotive parts, accessories, and tire stores

(4413) .............................................................. 413 487 548 74 61 1.7 1.2 – – – – –

 Furniture and home furnishings stores (442) .............. 410 540 662 130 122 2.8 2.1 – – – – –

 Furniture stores (4421) ............................................ 229 281 332 52 52 2.1 1.7 – – – – –

 Home furnishings stores (4422) .............................. 182 259 330 78 70 3.6 2.4 – – – – –

 Electronics and appliance stores (443) ....................... 378 529 731 151 202 3.4 3.3 – – – – –

 Building material and garden equipment and supplies

dealers (444) ................................................... 872 1,179 1,435 307 256 3.1 2.0 – – – – –

 Building material and supplies dealers (4441) ........ 734 1,026 1,259 292 232 3.4 2.1 – – – – –

 Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores

(4442) .............................................................. 138 153 176 15 24 1.0 1.4 – – – – –

 Food and beverage stores (445) ................................. 2,744 2,872 3,046 128 174 .5 .6 – – – – –

 Grocery stores (4451) ............................................. 2,378 2,478 2,611 100 133 .4 .5 – – – – –

 Specialty food stores (4452) ................................... 228 254 298 25 45 1.1 1.6 – – – – –

 Beer, wine, and liquor stores (4453) ....................... 138 140 136 2 -4 .2 -.3 – – – – –

 Health and personal care stores (446) ........................ 780 947 1,080 166 133 2.0 1.3 – – – – –

 Gasoline stations (447) ............................................... 876 904 951 27 47 .3 .5 – – – – –

 Clothing and clothing accessories stores (448) .......... 1,249 1,308 1,304 59 -4 .5 .0 – – – – –

 Clothing stores (4481) ............................................. 893 957 952 64 -5 .7 .0 – – – – –

 Shoe stores (4482) .................................................. 202 182 170 -20 -12 -1.0 -.7 – – – – –

 Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores

(4483) .............................................................. 154 169 181 15 12 .9 .7 – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
120

Table IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012—Continued

Industry title and North American Industry

Classification System code

Employment Output

Thousands of jobs Change

Average

annual rate

of change

Billions of chained

1996 dollars

Average

annual rate

of change

1992 2002 2012 1992–

2002

2002–

2012

1992–

2002

2002–

2012 1992 2002 2012 1992–2002

2002–

2012

 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

(451) ................................................................ 534 660 820 126 160 2.1 2.2 – – – – –

 Sporting goods, hobby, and musical instrument

stores (4511) ................................................... 351 435 517 84 82 2.2 1.7 – – – – –

 Book, periodical, and music stores (4512) .............. 184 225 303 41 78 2.0 3.0 – – – – –

 General merchandise stores (452) .............................. 2,414 2,821 3,169 407 348 1.6 1.2 – – – – –

 Department stores (4521) ....................................... 1,445 1,710 2,019 265 309 1.7 1.7 – – – – –

 Other general merchandise stores (4529) .............. 969 1,111 1,150 142 39 1.4 .3 – – – – –

 Miscellaneous store retailers (453) ............................. 737 962 1,263 226 301 2.7 2.8 – – – – –

 Florists (4531) ......................................................... 112 123 134 11 11 1.0 .9 – – – – –

 Office supplies, stationery, and gift stores (4532) ... 353 435 562 82 128 2.1 2.6 – – – – –

 Used merchandise stores (4533) ............................ 64 108 159 44 51 5.3 4.0 – – – – –

 Other miscellaneous store retailers (4539) ............. 208 297 408 89 111 3.6 3.2 – – – – –

 Nonstore retailers (454) .............................................. 405 447 546 43 99 1.0 2.0 – – – – –

 Electronic shopping and mail-order houses

(4541) .............................................................. 163 224 326 61 102 3.3 3.8 – – – – –

 Vending machine operators (4542) ......................... 73 60 65 -13 5 -1.9 .8 – – – – –

 Direct selling establishments (4543) ....................... 168 163 155 -6 -8 -.3 -.5 – – – – –

Transportation and warehousing (48, 492,

493) ................................................................ 3,462 4,205 5,120 744 914 2.0 2.0 436 576 820 2.8 3.6

 Air transportation (481) ............................................... 520 559 626 40 67 .7 1.1 100 142 229 3.6 4.9

 Scheduled air transportation (4811) ........................ 491 516 564 25 48 .5 .9 – – – – –

 Nonscheduled air transportation (4812) .................. 29 43 62 14 19 4.1 3.7 – – – – –

 Rail transportation (482) .............................................. 248 218 197 -30 -21 -1.3 -1.0 37 44 58 1.8 2.7

 Water transportation (483) .......................................... 57 52 50 -5 -1 -.9 -.3 21 21 28 -.1 2.8

 Deep sea, coastal, and great lakes water

transportation (4831) ....................................... 35 32 32 -4 0 -1.1 .1 – – – – –

 Inland water transportation (4832) .......................... 21 20 18 -1 -2 -.7 -.9 – – – – –

 Truck transportation and couriers and messengers

(484, 492) ........................................................ 1,496 1,897 2,404 401 507 2.4 2.4 170 240 349 3.5 3.8

 Truck transportation (484) ....................................... 1,107 1,339 1,614 232 275 1.9 1.9 – – – – –

 General freight trucking (4841) ........................... 797 957 1,156 160 199 1.9 1.9 – – – – –

 Specialized freight trucking (4842) ...................... 311 382 458 71 76 2.1 1.8 – – – – –

 Couriers and messengers (492) .............................. 389 558 790 169 232 3.7 3.5 – – – – –

 Couriers (4921) ................................................... 354 503 711 150 207 3.6 3.5 – – – – –

 Local messengers and local delivery (4922) ....... 35 55 80 20 25 4.5 3.9 – – – – –

 Transit and ground passenger transportation (485) .... 288 372 488 84 116 2.6 2.8 21 26 30 2.2 1.2

 Urban transit systems (4851) .................................. 25 38 57 14 18 4.6 4.0 – – – – –

 Interurban and rural bus transportation (4852) ....... 22 23 25 1 3 .5 1.1 – – – – –

 Taxi and limousine service (4853) .......................... 58 66 77 8 11 1.3 1.6 – – – – –

 School and employee bus transportation (4854) .... 121 154 200 33 46 2.4 2.7 – – – – –

 Charter bus industry (4855) .................................... 27 35 46 8 11 2.8 2.8 – – – – –

 Other transit and ground passenger transportation

(4859) .............................................................. 36 56 82 20 27 4.5 4.0 – – – – –

 Pipeline transportation (486) ....................................... 60 42 42 -19 0 -3.6 .0 30 27 29 -1.0 .7

 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support

activities for transportation (487, 488) ............. 388 553 652 165 100 3.6 1.7 36 44 57 2.1 2.6

 Scenic and sightseeing transportation (487) ........... 18 26 30 8 4 3.9 1.4 – – – – –

 Support activities for transportation (488) ............... 370 527 623 157 96 3.6 1.7 – – – – –

 Warehousing and storage (493) .................................. 406 514 660 108 147 2.4 2.5 21 31 42 4.1 3.1

Information (51) ......................................................... 2,641 3,420 4,052 779 632 2.6 1.7 481 891 1,498 6.4 5.3

 Publishing indutries (511) ............................................ 854 970 1,133 115 163 1.3 1.6 134 222 334 5.1 4.2

 Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory

publishers (5111) ............................................ 740 714 703 -27 -11 -.4 -.1 105 122 132 1.5 .8

 Software publishers (5112) ..................................... 114 256 430 142 174 8.4 5.3 31 102 229 12.6 8.4

 Internet services, data processing, and other

information services (516, 518, 519) ............... 307 529 773 222 244 5.6 3.9 25 87 233 13.1 10.3

 Internet publishing and broadcasting (516) ............. 16 35 49 19 14 8.0 3.5 – – – – –

 Internet service providers, web search portals, and

data processing services (518) ....................... 259 447 663 189 216 5.6 4.0 – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
121

Table IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012—Continued

Industry title and North American Industry

Classification System code

Employment Output

Thousands of jobs Change

Average

annual rate

of change

Billions of chained

1996 dollars

Average

annual rate

of change

1992 2002 2012 1992–

2002

2002–

2012

1992–

2002

2002–

2012 1992 2002 2012 1992–2002

2002–

2012

 Internet service providers and web search

portals (5181) .................................................. 39 142 233 103 91 13.8 5.1 – – – – –

 Data processing, hosting, and related services

(5182) .............................................................. 220 305 430 86 125 3.3 3.5 – – – – –

 Other information services (519) ............................. 32 47 61 14 14 3.7 2.7 – – – – –

 Motion picture and sound recording industries (512) .. 254 387 503 133 116 4.3 2.7 50 93 178 6.3 6.7

 Motion picture and video industries (5121) ............. 231 360 472 129 112 4.5 2.7 – – – – –

 Sound recording industries (5122) .......................... 23 27 32 4 4 1.6 1.4 – – – – –

 Broadcasting and telecommunications (515, 517) ...... 1,226 1,535 1,643 309 109 2.3 .7 272 491 745 6.1 4.3

 Radio and television broadcasting (5151) ............... 226 241 235 15 -6 .6 -.2 34 40 46 1.7 1.5

 Cable and other subscription programming and

program distribution (5152, 5175) ................... 126 221 300 95 79 5.7 3.1 36 53 64 3.9 1.9

 Cable and other subscription programming

(5152) .............................................................. 54 93 127 39 34 5.7 3.2 – – – – –

 Cable and other program distribution (5175) ...... 73 128 173 55 45 5.8 3.1 – – – – –

 Telecommunications, except cable and other

program distribution (517, except 5175) ......... 873 1,073 1,108 200 35 2.1 .3 202 401 645 7.1 4.9

Financial activities (52–53) .................................... 6,540 7,843 8,806 1,303 964 1.8 1.2 1,525 2,230 3,038 3.9 3.1

 Credit intermediation and related activities, monetary

authorities, and funds, trusts, and other

financial vehicles (521, 522, 525, 533) ............ 2,414 2,819 3,126 405 308 1.6 1.0 527 794 1,114 4.2 3.4

 Monetary authorities and depository credit

intermediation (521, 5221) .............................. 1,793 1,761 1,873 -31 112 -.2 .6 281 408 584 3.8 3.7

 Nondepository credit intermediation and related

support activities, funds, trusts, and lessors of

nonfinancial intangible assets (except

copyrighted works) (5222, 5223, 525, 533) ..... 621 1,058 1,253 436 196 5.5 1.7 246 386 530 4.6 3.2

 Nondepository credit intermediation (5222) ........ 420 690 802 271 112 5.1 1.5 – – – – –

 Activities related to credit intermediation

(5223) .............................................................. 129 254 321 125 67 7.0 2.4 – – – – –

 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles

(525) ................................................................ 59 86 93 27 7 3.9 .8 – – – – –

 Insurance and employee benefit funds

(5251) .............................................................. 35 47 48 12 1 3.1 .2 – – – – –

 Other investment pools and funds (5259) ....... 24 39 45 15 6 4.9 1.5 – – – – –

 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except

copyrighted works) (533) ................................. 15 28 37 13 9 6.7 2.9 – – – – –

 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial

investments and related activities (523) .......... 476 801 925 325 124 5.3 1.5 97 350 526 13.6 4.2

 Insurance carriers and related activities (524) ............ 2,040 2,223 2,391 184 168 .9 .7 313 347 419 1.0 1.9

 Insurance carriers (5241) ........................................ 1,367 1,402 1,451 35 49 .3 .3 237 237 288 .0 2.0

 Agencies, brokerages, and other insurance related

activities (5242) ............................................... 672 821 940 149 119 2.0 1.4 76 112 133 3.9 1.7

 Real estate (531) ......................................................... 1,115 1,348 1,513 233 165 1.9 1.2 542 660 873 2.0 2.8

 Lessors of real estate (5311) ...................................... 563 605 640 43 34 .7 .6 – – – – –

 Offices of real estate agents and brokers (5312) .... 220 299 346 79 47 3.1 1.5 – – – – –

 Activities related to real estate (5313) ..................... 332 444 527 112 84 2.9 1.7 – – – – –

 Rental and leasing services (532) ............................... 496 652 852 156 200 2.8 2.7 52 88 127 5.3 3.8

 Automotive equipment rental and leasing (5321) .... 151 197 225 46 28 2.7 1.3 14 34 51 9.4 4.2

 Consumer goods rental and general rental centers

(5322–3) .......................................................... 267 353 484 86 131 2.8 3.2 15 20 27 3.2 2.7

 Consumer goods rental (5322) ........................... 219 290 399 71 109 2.8 3.2 – – – – –

 General rental centers (5323) ............................. 48 63 86 15 23 2.8 3.1 – – – – –

 Commercial and industrial machinery and

equipment rental and leasing (5324) ............... 78 102 143 24 41 2.7 3.4 24 34 50 3.5 3.9

Professional, scientific, and technical

services (54) ............................................... 4,594 6,715 8,579 2,122 1,864 3.9 2.5 568 881 1,370 4.5 4.5

 Legal services (5411) .................................................. 950 1,112 1,330 162 218 1.6 1.8 142 151 171 .6 1.3

 Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and

payroll services (5412) .................................... 658 867 1,082 209 215 2.8 2.2 58 80 98 3.2 2.1

 Architectural, engineering, and related services

(5413) .............................................................. 902 1,251 1,306 349 54 3.3 .4 110 157 217 3.7 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
122

Table IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012—Continued

Industry title and North American Industry

Classification System code

Employment Output

Thousands of jobs Change

Average

annual rate

of change

Billions of chained

1996 dollars

Average

annual rate

of change

1992 2002 2012 1992–

2002

2002–

2012

1992–

2002

2002–

2012 1992 2002 2012 1992–2002

2002–

2012

 Specialized design services (5414) ............................. 81 123 161 42 38 4.2 2.7 13 21 29 5.0 3.6

 Computer systems design and related services

(5415) .............................................................. 445 1,163 1,798 718 635 10.1 4.5 55 127 302 8.8 9.0

 Management, scientific, and technical consulting

services (5416) ................................................ 358 732 1,137 374 406 7.4 4.5 59 114 169 6.7 4.1

 Scientific research and development and other

professional, scientific, and technical services

(5417, 5419) .................................................... 830 1,026 1,241 196 215 2.1 1.9 90 166 284 6.3 5.5

 Scientific research and development services

(5417) .............................................................. 490 537 573 47 36 .9 .6 – – – – –

 Other professional, scientific, and technical

services (5419) ................................................ 340 488 668 149 179 3.7 3.2 – – – – –

 Advertising and related services (5418) ...................... 370 442 525 72 84 1.8 1.7 42 67 111 4.8 5.2

Management of companies and enterprises

(55) ................................................................. 1,623 1,711 1,906 88 195 .5 1.1 256 468 669 6.2 3.6

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation

services (56) ............................................... 4,753 7,584 10,391 2,831 2,807 4.8 3.2 240 433 638 6.1 4.0

 Administrative support services (561) ......................... 4,516 7,267 9,987 2,751 2,720 4.9 3.2 206 384 572 6.4 4.1

 Office administrative and facilities support services

(5611–2) .......................................................... 275 390 508 116 117 3.6 2.7 27 58 87 8.1 4.2

 Office administrative services (5611) .................. 207 287 362 80 75 3.3 2.4 – – – – –

 Facilities support services (5612) ........................ 68 104 146 36 42 4.3 3.5 – – – – –

 Employment services (5613) ................................... 1,593 3,249 5,012 1,656 1,764 7.4 4.4 47 104 172 8.3 5.1

 Business support and investigation and security

services and support services, n.e.c. (5614,

5616, 5619) ..................................................... 1,244 1,772 2,261 528 489 3.6 2.5 64 114 165 6.0 3.7

 Business support services (5614) ....................... 525 757 834 233 77 3.7 1.0 – – – – –

 Investigation and security services (5616) .......... 520 726 1,065 206 339 3.4 3.9 – – – – –

 Other support services (5619) ............................. 199 289 362 90 72 3.8 2.3 – – – – –

 Travel arrangement and reservation services

(5615) .............................................................. 245 258 226 13 -32 .5 -1.3 21 25 36 1.8 3.7

 Services to buildings and dwellings (5617) ............. 1,160 1,597 1,980 438 383 3.3 2.2 47 81 109 5.5 3.1

 Waste management and remediation services (562) .. 237 317 404 80 87 3.0 2.5 34 49 66 3.7 3.0

 Waste collection (5621) ........................................... 81 101 122 21 21 2.3 1.9 – – – – –

 Waste treatment and disposal (5622) ..................... 86 120 154 34 34 3.4 2.5 – – – – –

 Remediation and other waste management

services (5629) ................................................ 71 96 128 26 32 3.2 2.9 – – – – –

Educational services, private (61) ....................... 1,713 2,651 3,410 938 759 4.5 2.6 95 125 149 2.8 1.8

 Elementary and secondary schools (6111) ................. 467 785 866 318 81 5.3 1.0 – – – – –

 Junior colleges (6112) ................................................. 49 87 123 38 35 6.0 3.5 – – – – –

 Colleges, universities, and professional schools

(6113) .............................................................. 941 1,348 1,802 407 453 3.7 2.9 – – – – –

 Business schools and computer and management

training (6114) ................................................. 57 83 115 26 32 3.8 3.3 – – – – –

 Technical and trade schools (6115) ............................ 68 96 125 28 29 3.6 2.7 – – – – –

 Other schools and instruction (6116) .......................... 112 203 307 91 104 6.1 4.2 – – – – –

 Educational support services (6117) ........................... 20 49 74 29 25 9.4 4.2 – – – – –

Health care and social assistance (62) .............. 10,178 13,533 17,919 3,355 4,386 2.9 2.8 719 962 1,326 3.0 3.3

 Ambulatory health care services (621) ........................ 3,200 4,634 6,532 1,434 1,899 3.8 3.5 332 452 656 3.1 3.8

 Offices of health practitioners (6211–3) .................. 2,267 3,190 4,419 923 1,229 3.5 3.3 251 332 469 2.9 3.5

 Offices of physicians (6211) ................................ 1,401 1,983 2,753 582 770 3.5 3.3 – – – – –

 Offices of dentists (6212) .................................... 541 726 949 185 224 3.0 2.7 – – – – –

 Offices of other health practitioners (6213) ......... 326 482 717 156 235 4.0 4.1 – – – – –

 Ambulatory health care services, except offices of

health practitioners (6214–6, 6219) ................ 933 1,444 2,113 511 670 4.5 3.9 82 120 188 3.9 4.6

 Outpatient care centers (6214) ........................... 287 410 550 123 140 3.6 3.0 – – – – –

 Medical and diagnostic laboratories (6215) ........ 139 174 240 36 66 2.3 3.2 – – – – –

 Home health care services (6216) ...................... 393 675 1,052 282 377 5.5 4.5 – – – – –

 Other ambulatory health care services (6219) .... 114 184 272 70 88 4.9 4.0 – – – – –

 Hospitals, private (622) ............................................... 3,711 4,153 4,785 442 632 1.1 1.4 256 334 424 2.7 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.
123

Table IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012—Continued

Industry title and North American Industry

Classification System code

Employment Output

Thousands of jobs Change

Average

annual rate

of change

Billions of chained

1996 dollars

Average

annual rate

of change

1992 2002 2012 1992–

2002

2002–

2012

1992–

2002

2002–

2012 1992 2002 2012 1992–2002

2002–

2012

 General medical and surgical hospitals (6221) ....... 3,492 3,925 4,511 433 586 1.2 1.4 – – – – –

 Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals

(6222) .............................................................. 112 90 98 -22 8 -2.2 .9 – – – – –

 Specialty (except psychiatric and substance

abuse) hospitals (6223) ................................... 107 138 176 31 38 2.5 2.5 – – – – –

 Nursing and residential care facilities (623) ................ 2,044 2,743 3,685 700 942 3.0 3.0 71 88 114 2.1 2.6

 Nursing care and residential mental health facilities

(6231–2) .......................................................... 1,578 2,048 2,607 470 559 2.6 2.4 56 65 82 1.5 2.4

 Nursing care facilities (6231) ............................... 1,273 1,574 1,925 300 351 2.1 2.0 – – – – –

 Residential mental retardation, mental health

and substance abuse facilities (6232) ............. 305 474 682 169 208 4.5 3.7 – – – – –

 Community care facilities for the elderly and

residential care facilities, n.e.c. (6233, 6239) .. 465 695 1,078 230 382 4.1 4.5 16 23 33 4.2 3.4

 Community care facilities for the elderly (6233) .. 364 530 815 167 285 3.8 4.4 – – – – –

 Other residential care facilities (6239) ................. 102 165 262 64 97 5.0 4.7 – – – – –

 Social assisiatnce (624) .............................................. 1,223 2,004 2,917 780 913 5.1 3.8 59 88 132 4.1 4.1

 Individual, family, community, and vocational

rehabilitation services (6241–3) ...................... 777 1,269 1,867 493 597 5.0 3.9 34 52 78 4.2 4.1

 Individual and family services (6241) .................. 442 767 1,117 326 350 5.7 3.8 – – – – –

 Community food and housing, and emergency

and other relief services (6242) ....................... 76 126 187 50 62 5.2 4.1 – – – – –

 Vocational rehabilitation services (6243) ............ 259 376 563 117 186 3.8 4.1 – – – – –

 Child day care services (6244) ................................ 447 734 1,050 288 316 5.1 3.6 24 37 55 4.3 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation (71) ........... 1,236 1,778 2,275 542 497 3.7 2.5 95 143 200 4.2 3.4

 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related

industries (711) ............................................... 290 358 421 68 63 2.1 1.6 41 53 65 2.4 2.2

 Performing arts companies, promoters, agents,

managers and independent artists (7111,

7113–5) ........................................................... 195 240 277 45 37 2.1 1.4 27 34 43 2.4 2.3

 Spectator sports (7112) ........................................... 95 118 144 23 26 2.2 2.0 15 19 22 2.3 1.9

 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

(712) ................................................................ 75 113 136 38 24 4.1 1.9 4 7 9 5.9 2.7

 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries

(713) ................................................................ 872 1,308 1,717 436 410 4.1 2.8 49 83 126 5.5 4.2

 Amusement parks and arcades (7131) ................... 122 154 197 32 44 2.3 2.5 – – – – –

 Gambling industries (7132) ..................................... 46 137 179 91 42 11.6 2.7 – – – – –

 Other amusement and recreation industries

(7139) .............................................................. 704 1,017 1,341 313 324 3.7 2.8 – – – – –

Accomodation and food services (72) ............... 8,201 10,191 11,829 1,991 1,638 2.2 1.5 347 449 597 2.6 2.9

 Accommodation (721) ................................................. 1,562 1,780 2,080 218 301 1.3 1.6 90 116 173 2.5 4.1

 Traveler accommodation (7211) ............................. 1,517 1,726 2,019 209 293 1.3 1.6 88 113 169 2.5 4.1

 RV parks, recreational camps, and rooming and

boarding houses (7212–3) .............................. 44 53 62 9 8 1.9 1.5 2 3 4 2.1 3.2

 Food services and drinking places (722) .................... 6,639 8,412 9,749 1,773 1,337 2.4 1.5 256 333 423 2.7 2.4

 Full-service restaurants (7221) ............................... 3,117 3,990 4,631 873 641 2.5 1.5 – – – – –

 Limited-service eating places (7222) ...................... 2,807 3,528 4,046 721 518 2.3 1.4 – – – – –

 Special food services (7223) ................................... 398 507 634 109 127 2.5 2.3 – – – – –

 Drinking places (alcoholic beverages) (7224) ......... 317 387 439 70 52 2.0 1.3 – – – – –

Other services (81) ................................................... 5,120 6,105 7,065 985 960 1.8 1.5 298 382 506 2.5 2.9

 Repair and maintenance (811) .................................... 964 1,241 1,418 277 177 2.6 1.3 118 158 205 2.9 2.7

 Automotive repair and maintenance (8111) ............ 636 897 1,046 261 149 3.5 1.6 69 93 124 3.1 2.9

 Electronic and precision equipment repair and

maintenance (8112) ........................................ 99 105 101 7 -5 .6 -.5 17 17 18 .5 .2

 Commercial and industrial equipment (except

automotive and electronic) repair and

maintenance (8113) ........................................ 149 156 185 8 29 .5 1.7 16 28 42 5.4 4.1

 Personal and household goods repair and

maintenance (8114) ........................................ 80 82 86 2 3 .2 .4 17 20 22 2.0 .7

 Personal and laundry serivces (812) ........................... 1,099 1,247 1,485 148 238 1.3 1.8 76 98 125 2.6 2.4

 Personal care services (8121) ................................ 434 523 667 89 144 1.9 2.5 20 27 35 2.8 2.6

 Death care services (8122) ..................................... 116 139 155 22 16 1.8 1.1 12 12 13 .5 .8

See footnotes at end of table.
124

Table IV–1. Employment and output by industry, 1992, 2002, and projected 2012—Continued

Industry title and North American Industry

Classification System code

Employment Output

Thousands of jobs Change

Average

annual rate

of change

Billions of chained

1996 dollars

Average

annual rate

of change

1992 2002 2012 1992–

2002

2002–

2012

1992–

2002

2002–

2012 1992 2002 2012 1992–2002

2002–

2012

 Drycleaning and laundry services (8123) ................ 359 366 393 7 27 0.2 0.7 18 21 25 1.5 1.7

 Other personal services (8129) ............................... 190 219 270 29 51 1.4 2.1 26 38 53 4.0 3.3

 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and

similar organizations (813) .............................. 2,177 2,861 3,460 684 600 2.8 1.9 94 117 166 2.2 3.6

 Religious, grantmaking and giving services, and

social advocacy organizations (8131–3) ......... 1,403 1,944 2,372 541 428 3.3 2.0 49 66 107 3.1 4.9

 Religious organizations (8131) ............................ 1,151 1,643 2,044 493 401 3.6 2.2 – – – – –

 Grantmaking and giving services (8132) ............. 121 129 122 8 -7 .6 -.5 – – – – –

 Social advocacy organizations (8133) ................ 132 172 206 40 34 2.7 1.8 – – – – –

 Civic, social, business, and similar organizations

(8134, 8139) .................................................... 774 917 1,088 143 172 1.7 1.7 45 50 59 1.2 1.5

 Civic and social organizations (8134) ................. 381 414 468 33 54 .8 1.2 – – – – –

 Business, professional, labor, political, and

similar organizations (8139) ............................ 393 503 621 110 118 2.5 2.1 – – – – –

 Private households (814) ............................................ 880 757 703 -123 -54 -1.5 -.7 10 9 11 -.8 1.1

Federal Government ................................................ 3,111 2,767 2,779 -344 12 -1.2 .0 394 378 443 -.4 1.6

 Postal Service (491) .................................................... 800 845 807 45 -38 .5 -.5 51 61 76 1.7 2.2

 Federal electric utilities ................................................ 28 28 24 1 -4 .2 -1.7 7 9 11 2.5 2.0

 Federal Government enterprises, n.e.c. ...................... 138 52 32 -86 -20 -9.3 -4.6 6 7 11 1.4 4.1

 Federal general government ....................................... 2,145 1,842 1,915 -303 73 -1.5 .4 252 209 216 -1.9 .4

 Federal Government capital services .......................... – – – – – – – 78 93 133 1.7 3.7

State and local government ................................... 15,675 18,722 21,240 3,047 2,518 1.8 1.3 685 839 980 2.0 1.6

 Local government passenger transit ........................... 210 231 260 21 29 1.0 1.2 7 9 10 2.6 .4

 State and local electric utilities .................................... 85 93 108 9 14 1.0 1.4 18 24 29 2.5 2.2

 State and local government enterprises ...................... 532 689 734 157 46 2.6 .6 78 104 131 2.9 2.4

 State and local government hospitals ......................... 1,083 995 1,024 -89 29 -.9 .3 41 48 56 1.5 1.5

 State and local government education ........................ 7,875 9,876 11,606 2,002 1,730 2.3 1.6 276 321 375 1.5 1.5

 State and local general government, n.e.c. ................. 5,890 6,838 7,508 948 670 1.5 .9 207 241 260 1.5 .8

 State and local government capital services ............... – – – – – – – 58 93 122 4.9 2.8

Owner-occupied dwellings .................................... – – – – – – – 552 710 907 2.6 2.5

Agriculture (11)1 ........................................................ 2,639 2,245 1,905 -394 -340 -1.6 -1.6 274 300 352 .9 1.6

 Agricultural products (111, 112) .................................. 2,318 1,955 1,632 -362 -324 -1.7 -1.8 221 246 286 1.1 1.5

 Forestry, fishing, hunting, and trapping (1131–2,

114) ................................................................. 96 68 50 -28 -17 -3.4 -2.9 12 12 14 -.4 1.7

 Logging (1133) ............................................................ 120 98 90 -23 -7 -2.1 -.8 29 31 36 .8 1.4

 Support activities for agriculture and forestry (115) .... 105 124 133 19 9 1.6 .7 11 11 16 -.3 3.4

Nonagriculture self-employed and unpaid

family workers2 .......................................... 9,009 9,018 9,162 10 144 .0 .2 – – – – –

Secondary wage and salary jobs in

agricultural production, forestry,

fishing, and private household

industries3 ................................................... 178 143 128 -35 -15 -2.2 -1.1 – – – – –

Secondary jobs as a self-employed or unpaid

family worker4 ............................................ 1,973 1,545 1,434 -428 -111 -2.4 -.7 – – – – –

 Total5,6 ................................................................. 123,325 144,014 165,319 20,689 21,305 1.6 1.4 12,272 16,822 23,250 3.2 3.3

1 Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current

Population Survey, except logging, which is from the Current Employment

Statistics survey and government wage and salary workers, who are

excluded.

2 Comparable estimate of output growth is not available. 3 Workers who hold a secondary wage and salary job in agricultural

production, forestry, fishing, and private household industries.

4 Wage and salary workers who hold a secondary job as a self-employed

or unpaid family worker.

5 Wage and salary data are from the Current Employment Statistics

survey, which counts jobs, whereas self-employed, unpaid family workers,

and agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting employment are from the

Current Population Survey, which counts workers. 6 Output subcategories do not necessarily add to higher categories as a

byproduct of chainweighting.

 NOTE: Dash indicates data not available. n.e.c. = not elsewhere

classified. Due to rounding, detailed employment and output may not add to

totals.
125

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

111,112 Agricultural products Output, which is purchased primarily by the food industries and consumers, will grow slowly. 

Productivity will exhibit fast growth from improved farm equipment. Employment, especially 

of self-employed farmers, will contract as concentration leads to further declines in the number 

of family farms. 

1131–2, 

114 Forestry, fishing, hunting, 

and trapping 

Output is consumed by the logging and food industries and will grow slowly as imports increase. Healthy productivity growth results in declining employment. 

1133 Logging Output will increase slowly due to its dependence on the slow-growing pulp-and-paperprocessing and veneer and plywood industries. Productivity will grow with increased mechanization, resulting in declining employment. 

115 Support activities for 

agriculture and forestry 

Output is sold mainly as an input into the livestock and agriculture industries and will grow 

slightly faster than GDP. Because productivity is projected to increase rapidly, employment 

will grow slowly. 

211 Oil and gas extraction Output is entirely consumed as an input to the petroleum-refining and gas utilities industries, 

which will rely more on imports. Output is expected to decline slightly due to fluctuations in oil 

and gas prices, strict environmental regulations, limited access to Federal lands, and foreign 

competition. Productivity will increase due to continued technological advances in drilling and 

exploration techniques. Taken together, declining output and rising productivity will result in 

employment losses as domestic companies shift to foreign exploration and production. Industry 

consolidation, along with outsourcing to specialized firms for key operations such as exploration, will also limit employment growth. 

2121 Coal mining Although coal generates about half of the country's electricity and is used as an input to primary 

steel products, output is projected to decline as strict environmental regulations increase compliance costs. Employment declines are expected due to industry consolidation, international 

competition, and advances in productivity through improved mining technology and automation. 

2122 Metal ore mining Output growth will be constrained as international competition reduces demand from the primary nonferrous metals, steel, industrial chemicals, and nonresidential construction industries. 

Employment will decline due to industry consolidation and advances in productivity through 

improved mining technology and automation. 

2123 Nonmetallic mineral 

mining and quarrying 

Output depends on demand from the concrete products, residential construction, and agricultural 

chemicals industries and is projected to decline slightly. Employment is expected to show marginal growth, as productivity declines faster than output. 

213 Support activities for 

mining 

Output is measured primarily as the value of new oil and gas well exploration and drilling and is 

mostly consumed as an input into the oil and gas extraction industry. Output is expected to 

grow slowly and productivity is expected to grow even more slowly, resulting in a slight increase in employment. 

2211 Electric power generation, 

transmission, and 

distribution 

Output is consumed by individuals and as an input to many industries and is expected to increase as the demand for electricity increases with population and GDP growth. Rising productivity will cause employment to decline. 

2212 Natural gas distribution Output is consumed by individuals and as an input to many industries and will rise slowly in response to those sources of demand. Productivity gains will outpace output growth and, along 

with industry deregulation and restructuring, will lead to declining employment. 

2213 Water, sewage, and other 

systems 

Output is consumed mainly by individuals, but also as an input to many industries, and is expected to increase as population growth in rural areas increases the demand for water and sanitation services. Productivity will continue to decline, generating strong employment growth. 

23 Construction This industry is engaged in new construction of residential and nonresidential buildings and infrastructure such as highways, bridges, sewers, and railroads, as well as in maintenance and repair construction. Output is projected to increase due to population growth, the replacement or 

remodeling of industrial plants, and greater demand for nursing, extended-care, and other medical treatment facilities for an aging population. Employment will grow slightly more slowly 

than output, due to slow productivity growth. 
126

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

3111 Animal food manufacturing Output is consumed as an input by the livestock and food-processing industries, by the food 

services and drinking places sector, and by individuals. Output will increase more slowly than 

GDP. Because productivity will grow almost as fast as output, employment will show no increase.

3112 Grain and oilseed milling Output is consumed as an input by the livestock and food-processing industries and by individuals, and output also is exported. Output will grow more slowly than GDP. Because productivity will rise as fast as output, there will be no growth in employment. 

3113 Sugar and confectionary 

product manufacturing 

Output is consumed by individuals and as an input into the food-processing industries. Output

will increase at half the rate of GDP. Rising productivity, caused by new plants and equipment,

will result in no employment growth.

3114 Fruit and vegetable 

preserving and specialty 

food manufacturing 

Output is consumed mainly by individuals, but also as an input into food services and drinking 

places. Output and productivity will grow slowly, at about the same rate, resulting in no growth 

in employment. 

3115 Dairy product 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed equally by individuals and as an intermediate input, the latter mainly by 

food services and drinking places. Output will show slight growth, but because new plants and 

equipment—combined with improved methods for processing milk products—will raise productivity, employment will decline. 

3116 Animal slaughtering and 

processing 

Output is consumed by individuals and as an intermediate input to food services and drinking 

places. Output will increase more slowly than GDP. Because productivity will grow yet more

slowly—despite technological advances such as safety-enhancing packaging, which extends the

shelf life of meat, and automated packaging, which reduces human error and contamination—

employment will continue to rise. 

3117 Seafood product 

preparation and 

packaging 

Output is consumed mainly as an input into the food services and drinking places industry and 

by individuals. Output will show little growth as imports hold steady. Healthy productivity 

growth will result in a slight decline in employment. 

3118 Bakeries and tortilla 

manufacturing 

Output, consumed mainly by individuals and as an intermediate input by food services and 

drinking places, will increase more slowly than GDP. Because productivity will grow almost as 

fast as output, there will be only a slight increase in employment. 

3119 Other food manufacturing Output is demanded mainly by individuals, but also as an input into the food services and drinking places and food-processing industries. Output will grow at half the rate of GDP. Productivity’s growth will almost match that of output, so employment growth will be minimal. 

3121 Beverage manufacturing Output is demanded by individuals and as an input into food services and drinking places. Output will grow more slowly than GDP. Productivity will grow more quickly than output, due to 

the automation of filling and packaging tasks. Therefore, employment in this capital-intensive 

industry will decline. 

3122 Tobacco manufacturing Output is consumed by individuals, serves as an input to other firms in the industry, and is exported. Output will continue to stagnate as an increasing population balances the negative effects of rising prices and changing attitudes against domestic consumption. Because healthy 

productivity growth is expected, employment will fall. 

3131 Fiber, yarn, and thread 

mills 

Output is purchased almost entirely by the apparel and textile industries, whose employment is

expected to decline. In addition, imports will grow, causing output to continue to decline. 

Healthy productivity growth from faster looms, automated inspection machines, and further

consolidation among textile producers will result in a continued plunge in employment. 

3132 Fabric mills Output is purchased almost entirely by the apparel and textile industries, whose employment is

expected to decline. In addition, imports will grow, causing output to continue to decline. 

Healthy productivity growth from faster looms, automated inspection machines, and further

consolidation among textile producers will result in a continued plunge in employment. 

3133 Textile and fabric finishing 

and fabric coating mills 

Output is purchased almost entirely by the apparel and textile industries, whose employment is

expected to decline. In addition, imports will grow, causing output to continue to decline. 

Moderate productivity growth from faster looms, automated inspection machines, and further

consolidation among textile producers will result in a continued plunge in employment. 
127

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

3141 Textile furnishings mills Output is consumed mainly by individuals, with imports satisfying half of demand. Output is 

projected to grow at a third the rate of GDP, with productivity growing at almost twice the rate 

of output. The combination will result in a continued decline in employment. 

3149 Other textile product mills Output is projected to be split almost evenly between demand by individuals and demand by intermediate industries, while imports are expected to rapidly increase their share. This combination results in projected output growing more slowly than GDP. Because productivity is anticipated to grow faster than output, employment is projected to decline. 

3151 Apparel knitting mills Output is purchased by individuals and is used as an intermediate input by the apparel industry. 

Continued competition from abroad and foreign outsourcing will result in output rapidly declining. Employment will continue to decline in approximate step with output. 

3152 Cut and sew apparel 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed almost entirely by individuals and is projected to decline considerably. 

Imports are projected to grow twice as fast as GDP and will go from satisfying 65 percent of 

demand in 2002 to meeting almost all demand in 2012. Combined with projected healthy productivity growth, the increase in imports will result in employment declining to a quarter of its 

2002 level. 

3159 Apparel accessories and 

other apparel 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed almost entirely by individuals and is projected to decline. Imports are projected to grow more than twice as fast as GDP and will go from satisfying 50 percent of demand in 2002 to meeting almost all demand in 2012. Combined with projected healthy productivity growth, the increase in imports will result in employment declining to half its 2002 level. 

3161 Leather and hide tanning 

and finishing 

Demand for output is almost entirely as an input for further processing, with a minor amount 

exported. Imports are projected to satisfy 60 percent of demand. Although productivity is expected to decline, employment is still projected to drop significantly. 

3162 Footwear manufacturing Output is sold almost entirely to individuals and is projected to grow more slowly than GDP. 

Imports are projected to satisfy almost 90 percent of demand. Productivity is anticipated to 

grow at more than twice the rate of output, so employment will continue to decline. 

3169 Other leather and allied 

products manufacturing 

Demand is split 90 percent to 10 percent between individuals and input sales, with imports satisfying 95 percent of output. Although productivity is projected to decline, employment will 

also decline. 

3211 Sawmills and wood 

preservation 

Output is purchased 95 percent as an input for new single-unit housing construction, other 

wood-processing industries, and the maintenance and repair industries, with the other 5 percent

exported. Imports are projected to satisfy 25 percent of demand, still leaving output to grow 

almost as fast as GDP. Because productivity is projected to grow even faster, employment is 

expected to decline. 

3212 Veneer, plywood, and 

engineered wood 

product manufacturing 

Output is consumed primarily as an input to the residential construction and wood-processing 

industries, which will grow due to rising demand from an expanding population and increasing 

new-housing starts. Rising productivity and imports will result in average employment growth.

3219 Other wood product 

manufacturing 

Output is purchased as an input into the construction industry and is projected to grow faster 

than GDP. Productivity is expected to grow at less than half the rate of GDP, so employment 

will increase. 

3221 Pulp, paper, and paperboard 

mills 

Output is sold 10 percent to consumers, 15 percent as an export, and the rest as an input; imports are projected to satisfy 25 percent of output. As the economy becomes more digital, less 

printed material will be produced, so output is projected to decline. Combined with healthy 

growth in productivity, employment is anticipated to decline by a quarter. 

3222 Converted paper product 

manufacturing 

Output is split 30 percent to individuals and 70 percent to inputs, especially into the trade industries. With slow growth in demand and projected faster growth in productivity, employment is 

expected to continue to decline. 

323 Printing and related support 

activities 

Output is directed mainly to the commercial printing, publishing, and advertising industries and 

will stagnate as services industries are replaced with in-house operations. Productivity and employment are also expected to show little or no growth. 
128

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

324 Petroleum and coal 

products manufacturing 

Output is consumed by individuals and by the electric utilities and transportation industries. 

Output will increase at a third the rate of GDP, due to continued demand from motor vehicle 

users, as well as demand for kerosene and fuel oils. Advancing technology will cause productivity to increase faster than average, so employment will decline. Imports are projected to 

grow to twice the level of exports, contributing to the drop in employment. 

3251 Basic chemical 

manufacturing 

Output is mainly an intermediate input to the chemical, plastics, and petroleum-refining industries, in all of which demand will decline. Further, imports are projected to increase as the inorganic chemicals industry loses jobs to firms in Latin America and Asia, resulting in declining

output. Although productivity is expected to decline slightly, employment will nevertheless decline. 

3252 Resin, synthetic rubber, and 

artificial fibers and 

filaments manufacturing 

Output is exported and is consumed by the construction, motor vehicles, goods-packaging, and 

textiles industries. None of these sources of demand is projected to show significant growth. 

Growing imports will result in slight declines in output, which, together with healthy growth in 

productivity, will lead to a sharp drop in employment. 

3253 Pesticide, fertilizer, and 

other agricultural 

chemical manufacturing 

Output is consumed mainly as an input by the agricultural industries and will grow at two-thirds 

the rate of GDP. This industry will produce more for export to Latin America and Asia, as developing nations advance in their agricultural methods. Because export demand is exactly 

matched by import growth, growth in intermediate demand will drive output. Productivity is 

projected to grow twice as fast as the average, resulting in a decline in employment. 

3254 Pharmaceutical and 

medicine manufacturing 

Output is consumed by individuals and the medical services industries and will grow slightly 

faster than GDP, due to a growing and aging population. Productivity will grow less than half 

as fast, resulting in employment gains. Sustained demand for lifestyle drugs and other promising new drugs should further stimulate employment. 

3255 Paint, coating, and adhesive 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed almost entirely as an intermediate input by the construction, motor vehicle, 

and other manufacturing industries with minimal imports and exports. Output is projected to 

grow at two-thirds the rate of GDP, while productivity is anticipated to grow twice as fast as the 

average. Together, the two trends are projected to lead to a drop in employment. 

3256 Soap, cleaning compound, 

and toilet preparation 

manufacturing 

Output is driven by consumer demand, with little impact from trade. Output will increase due 

to a growing and aging population, coupled with a rising standard of living. Productivity will 

increase, but at a slightly slower rate than output, resulting in minimal employment growth. 

3259 Other chemical product and 

preparation 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed primarily as an intermediate input to various manufacturing and construction industries, and no growth is projected to stem from these sectors. Growth in consumer demand will therefore be the catalyst behind an expected growth in output. The production process will change as environmental concerns increase efforts to produce more environmentally 

friendly substances to replace current adhesives, sealants, and printing inks. A healthy productivity growth rate of almost 3 times as fast as the average, coupled with little growth in output,

will result in rapidly declining employment. 

3261 Plastics product 

manufacturing 

Output is used mainly as an intermediate input by a wide variety of industries and will increase

due to growing demand for plastic products and the continuing substitution of plastic for other 

materials in production. Productivity will increase with the adaptation of labor-saving, computer-controlled automation, but at a slower rate than output, resulting in increases in employment. 

3262 Rubber product 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed as an intermediate input to the construction, motor vehicles, goodspackaging, and textiles industries and will increase as these industries grow. Rising imports 

and productivity will result in little growth in employment. 

3271 Clay product and refractory 

manufacturing 

Output continues to increase in response to demand for these products by many manufacturing 

industries and as an input to the construction industry. Productivity and imports are both expected to continue to increase, contributing to slower-than-average growth in employment. 

3272 Glass and glass product 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed almost entirely as an input by manufacturing industries. Output will show 

healthy growth, but because productivity is projected to grow at about the same rate, employment is expected to remain essentially unchanged. 
129

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

3273 Cement and concrete 

product manufacturing 

Output will increase because construction, which is projected to rise, buys virtually all of the intermediate output. Productivity is projected to increase more slowly than output, leading to 

employment growth. 

3274 Lime and gypsum product 

manufacturing 

Because this industry’s products are used by virtually every sector of the growing construction 

industry, output will increase. Productivity will continue to increase at almost the same rate as 

output. Employment will grow slower than the average. 

3279 Other nonmetallic mineral 

product manufacturing 

Output continues to increase in response to demand for these products by many manufacturing 

industries and as an input to the construction industry. Productivity will grow at about the same 

rate as output, but because average hours worked in this industry are projected to decline, employment will show some growth. 

3311 Iron and steel mills and 

ferroalloy 

manufacturing 

Output is overwhelmingly purchased as an intermediate input by industries such as automotive 

stampings and industrial machinery. Imports are expected to satisfy half of the projected 

growth, resulting in output growing at less than half the rate of GDP. Productivity, by contrast, 

is projected to grow more than 3 times as fast as output, leading to a rapid drop in employment. 

3312 Steel product 

manufacturing from 

purchased steel 

Output is overwhelmingly purchased as an intermediate input to other industries, such as automotive stampings and industrial machinery, but because imports will satisfy most of the increase, output will grow slowly. Productivity will increase slightly faster than output, so employment will decline slightly. 

3313 Alumina and aluminum 

production and 

processing 

Output is exported and is an intermediate commodity to metalworking machinery, motor vehicle parts, and other manufacturing industries. Intermediate demand is projected to decline 

slightly, while exports grow faster than imports, thus supplying the source of marginal output 

growth. Productivity growth will equal output growth, resulting in a slight decline in employment. 

3314 Nonferrous metal (except 

aluminum) production 

and processing 

Output growth depends on exports and intermediate demand in the jewelry, silverware, and 

lighter weight copper and aluminum industrial products industries. Imports are projected to 

grow faster than the domestic output drivers, resulting in a slight decline in output. Productivity 

also is expected to decline, but average hours worked will increase, so employment will show 

only a minor drop. 

3315 Foundries Output will grow from continued intermediate demand in the rail, motor vehicles, and heavy 

construction industries, as well as from overall growth in the economy, but will be limited as 

motor vehicle manufacturers use other materials, such as lightweight alloys and plastics, in production. Productivity continues to make healthy gains from improved technology, but because

output is projected to grow faster, employment will rise. 

3321 Forging and stamping Output is purchased mainly by the construction, utilities, and oil and gas extraction industries. 

Demand for many of the fabricated products produced by these industries will increase as the 

industries expand. Output in this industry is projected to grow faster than GDP, whereas productivity will grow relatively more slowly, resulting in average employment growth. 

3322 Cutlery and handtool 

manufacturing 

Output is distributed in approximately equal amounts across consumers, other industries (principally the motor vehicle industry), and imports. Because projected imports cancel out intermediate demand, as it did in 2002, output, determined by consumers, will grow slightly faster

than GDP. Productivity will grow more slowly than output, so employment will rise. 

3323 Architectural and structural 

metals manufacturing 

Output is consumed mainly as an input to construction and as an investment purchase by electric utilities and is projected to grow slightly faster than GDP. Productivity is projected to grow 

at the average rate, so employment will increase. 

3324 Boiler, tank, and shipping 

container manufacturing 

Output is consumed as an intermediate input to the beverage, food, soap, paint, and petroleum 

product industries and will increase as these industries grow, although a trend toward plastic 

bottles will cut production of metal cans. Shipping containers will be in demand for shipping 

an increasing number of goods. Imports and exports will cancel each other out. Productivity is 

projected to grow faster than output, so employment will drop. 
130

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

3325 Hardware manufacturing Output is purchased mainly as an input by other industries, especially construction. Output is 

projected to grow faster than GDP, while productivity is expected to grow more slowly than 

output. Hence, employment will rise. 

3326 Spring and wire product 

manufacturing 

Output is purchased as an input to a variety of industries, principally the construction and motor 

vehicle industries. Demand from these sources is projected to decline. Imports are expected to 

increase, but because secondary products are produced in significant quantities, output will 

show an increase. Productivity will grow faster than average, thereby causing employment to 

decline. 

3327 Machine shops; turned 

product; and screw, nut, 

and bolt manufacturing 

Output is purchased mainly by motor vehicle manufacturers and repairers, aircraft producers, 

and other industrial manufacturers. Output is projected to grow faster than GDP, but productivity also is projected to exhibit healthy growth. Taken together, these trends indicate little 

growth for employment.

3328 Coating, engraving, heat 

treating, and allied 

activities 

Output is entirely bought by a variety of other industries for use in their production processes. 

Output is projected to grow at a faster rate than GDP, but employment will show little change,

because productivity also is projected to post strong growth. 

3329 Other fabricated metal 

product manufacturing 

Output is divided predominantly across exports, intermediate demand, and imports. Growth in

intermediate demand will stem from nonelectric heating equipment, which is primarily an input 

to the construction industry, but will decline overall because electric heating competes with 

nonelectric heating. Output will grow at a third the rate of GDP, due to healthy export growth. 

Productivity is projected to grow slightly faster than output, so employment is expected to decline. 

3331 Agriculture, construction, 

and mining machinery 

manufacturing 

Output is purchased primarily as investment by the construction, petroleum, coal mining, and 

various manufacturing industries and will increase as the majority of these industries grow. 

This cyclical industry is affected by housing starts and consumer confidence. Increasing intermediate demand, such as that arising from expenditures made in search of new energy supplies, 

will increase employment. However, healthy productivity gains will limit this growth. 

3332 Industrial machinery 

manufacturing 

Output is driven by investment demand and trade. Imports will remain greater than exports,

and the net will satisfy 15 percent of investment. Output still will grow faster than GDP. Because productivity will grow at a slightly faster rate than output, employment will show a minor 

drop. 

3333 Commercial and service 

industry machinery 

manufacturing 

Output is demanded by a plethora of GDP components and will grow slightly faster than GDP. 

Productivity will grow more slowly, resulting in employment growth. 

3334 Ventilation, heating, airconditioning and 

commercial 

refrigeration equipment 

manufacturing 

Demand for output is spread over a wide variety of areas, but is located mainly in investment 

and is an input to the motor vehicle and construction industries. Output is projected to grow 

faster than GDP, while productivity will grow more slowly, with the difference showing up as

employment growth. 

3335 Metalworking machinery 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed as investment by the motor vehicle and construction industries, and 20 percent is satisfied by imports. Output will increase 50 percent faster than GDP. Productivity also 

will grow at a fast pace, but more slowly than output, so employment will increase. 

3336 Engine, turbine, and power 

transmission equipment 

manufacturing 

Output demand is heavily weighted to intermediate demand and foreign trade, with imports and 

exports basically canceling each other out. Output and productivity will increase more slowly

than GDP; therefore, employment will remain constant. 

3339 Other general purpose 

machinery 

manufacturing 

Output is demanded by the investment, intermediate, and trade areas, with imports and exports 

canceling their individual impacts. Intermediate demand is projected to grow more than twice 

as fast as GDP, while investment will grow a third faster, leading to healthy output growth. Although productivity also is projected to grow, it will grow more slowly than output. Employment will therefore increase. 
131

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

3341 Computer and peripheral 

equipment 

manufacturing 

Output is projected to keep up its extraordinary growth in real terms as computers continue to 

improve in quality. Because almost all the real growth is due to this increase in quality, a perceived growth in productivity follows, and employment actually will decline. 

3342 Communications 

equipment 

manufacturing 

Output is generated by demand from the investment, intermediate, and trade areas, with projected imports and exports canceling each other out. Broadband will be a significant factor in 

the next few years as growing numbers of Internet users demand higher speeds and greater connectivity to take advantage of various applications. Output will increase as firms continue to 

make major investments in technology by purchasing communications equipment. Popular applications (e-mail, Internet, messaging) will be increasingly capable of being run on wireless,

hand-held devices. Output is projected to grow more than 3 times as fast as GDP, with productivity doing only slightly less well. Employment, therefore, will show little growth. 

3343 Audio and video equipment 

manufacturing 

Output will show little growth as healthy growth in consumer demand is more than matched by 

increases in imports. Productivity will increase faster than domestic demand, so employment 

will decline. 

3344 Semiconductor and other 

electronic component 

manufacturing 

Output is split into three equal segments: exports, imports, and intermediate demand. Trade 

cancels itself out, leaving growth dependent on sales to other industries, which are projected to 

grow very little. Electronic components and accessories are needed in cars, computers, cell 

phones, and cable modems. Because productivity is projected to grow more than twice as fast 

as output, employment will drop. 

3345 Navigational, measuring, 

electromedical, and 

control instruments 

manufacturing 

Output is used by the defense, aerospace, ship, and transportation industries. More satellites 

and greater accessibility to global positioning system signals will spur growth in ground-based 

navigation systems and thus increase output. Technology-driven productivity increases will result in declining employment. Some output is consumed by individuals, with the balance used 

as an investment or intermediate input by hospitals and other medical services. Output will 

continue to grow as an aging population requires additional medical care and seeks treatments 

using the latest technology. Productivity will increase faster than output, resulting in declining 

employment. 

3346 Manufacturing and 

reproducing magnetic 

and optical media 

Output consists of the production of blank audio- and videotapes and diskettes, as well as the 

copying of audio, software, and other data on magnetic, optical, and similar media. Imports 

will balance the demand from consumers and exports, so growth will depend on intermediate 

demand, which is expected to grow at two-thirds the rate of GDP. Productivity is projected to 

grow at less than half the rate of output, resulting in employment growth. 

3351 Electric lighting equipment 

manufacturing 

Output is purchased by individuals and as inputs into the construction, motor vehicle, and other 

industries. Imports equal all but intermediate sales, thereby driving growth. Output is projected 

to grow at half the rate of GDP, with productivity anticipated to grow slightly faster, resulting 

in a small drop in employment. 

3352 Household appliance 

manufacturing 

Output is purchased mainly by consumers, with imports projected to supply an increasing share 

as the significance of U.S.-based firms diminishes because of the large penetration of imports 

from Japan and other Asian countries. This relatively slow growth in output is matched with a 

healthy growth in productivity, so employment will decline. 

3353 Electrical equipment 

manufacturing 

Output is purchased for investment, for exports, and as intermediate inputs. Because imports 

are projected to equal the sum of investment and exports, output growth depends on growth of 

intermediate demand, which is expected to grow faster than GDP. Productivity is projected to 

grow slightly slower, so employment will rise. 

3359 Other electrical equipment 

and component 

manufacturing 

Output is purchased by consumers, for investment, for exports, and as inputs by other industries. Imports satisfy almost a third of demand, while intermediate inputs account for half of total demand. Output growth is projected to be slightly slower than that of GDP, productivity 

growth slightly slower still. Average hours are projected to increase such that, in combination 

with the increase in productivity, employment will decline slightly. 
132

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

3361 Motor vehicle 

manufacturing 

Motor vehicle 

manufacturing–

continued 

Output is purchased by consumers and as investment. Half of demand is satisfied by imports. 

Projected growth in investment is higher than projected growth in imports, so output will increase at a rate equal to that of GDP. Output growth will be limited due to an anticipated slowdown in the growth of the driving-age population, competition from foreign producers, improvements in vehicle quality that extend longevity, and safety and environmental regulations 

that increase production costs. Productivity will increase faster than output—due to technologies such as robotics, computers, and factory automation—resulting in declining employment. 

3362 Motor vehicle body and 

trailer manufacturing 

Output, which is purchased by individuals and for investment, will grow, because consumer 

demand is projected to increase at one-and-one-half times the rate of GDP, with investment increasing at twice the rate. Productivity is expected to grow more slowly than output, so employment will increase. 

3363 Motor vehicle parts 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed as an input into the motor vehicle industry, of which imports satisfy almost 

a quarter of demand. Output is projected to grow at a faster rate than GDP, while productivity 

is expected to grow more slowly, thereby creating some employment growth. 

3364 Aerospace product and 

parts manufacturing 

Output is purchased by defense, is exported, or is used as an input to aircraft and missiles. A 

growing international aircraft industry will cause imports to rise faster than domestic demand, 

so output will stagnate. Combined with increasing productivity, flat output growth will lead to 

a drop in employment. 

3365 Railroad rolling stock 

manufacturing 

Output is consumed as an investment or as an intermediate input by the rail transportation industry. As the industry improves its tracks and equipment to accommodate the increased demand for freight and passenger rail transportation, output will increase. Productivity will increase due to technological advances, but more slowly than output growth; employment will increase slightly. 

3366 Ship and boat building Output is consumed by the military, by individuals, and as capital investment by the water 

transport and energy industries. Rebounding prices for oil and natural gas will spur demand. In 

addition, the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, under which all tankers and tank barges must be converted to double hulls by 2015, means that many vessels will need to be refitted. Output will 

increase faster than productivity, resulting in slightly increasing employment. 

3369 Other transportation 

equipment 

manufacturing 

The industry is engaged primarily in manufacturing transportation equipment, with the output 

purchased chiefly by individuals, as well as by the military. Some is exported. Output will increase as demand for pleasure vehicles continues to grow. Automation will continue to prompt 

growth in productivity almost as rapid as the growth of output, resulting in only a slight increase in employment. 

3371 Household and institutional 

furniture and kitchen 

cabinet manufacturing 

Output is consumed mostly by individuals and the construction industry as an intermediate demand. Output will rise faster than productivity, resulting in an increase in employment. 

3391 Medical equipment and 

supplies manufacturing 

Some output is consumed by individuals, with the balance used as an investment or intermediate input by hospitals and other medical services. Output will continue to grow as an aging 

population requires additional medical care and seeks treatments using the latest technology. 

Productivity will continue to grow, but at a slower pace than output, and imports are expected 

to increase. Employment will rise slightly as a result. 

42 Wholesale trade Output is consumed as a trade margin on goods being sold at various stages of production and 

will continue to increase. Growth will vary, depending on the economic sector involved. The 

spread of new technology, such as electronic commerce, and consolidation of the industry due 

to globalization and cost pressures will be the main influences on employment. Productivity 

growth will be outpaced by output growth, resulting in increasing employment. 

44–45 Retail trade Although demand fluctuates with the business cycle, output is consumed as a trade margin on 

goods sold to individuals and will increase with population and GDP growth. Productivity will 

increase due to gains in technology and mergers, but at a slower pace than output. As a result, 

employment is expected to grow. 
133

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

481 Air transportation Output is consumed by individuals, by business travelers, and as a transportation margin on 

shipping goods to market. Despite a recent slowdown in passenger air travel, output will grow 

in the United States and abroad over the next decade for both leisure and business travel as the 

population and GDP increase. Cargo traffic is expected to increase with the economy and 

growing world trade. Cargo traffic also should be stimulated by the development of global 

electronic commerce and manufacturing trends such as just-in-time delivery, which require 

more materials to be shipped rapidly. Productivity will continue to rise, but at a slower rate 

than output, resulting in employment growth. 

482 Rail transportation Output is consumed by individuals and as a transportation and export margin on virtually all 

manufactured products. Demand for railroad freight service will grow as the economy expands 

and intermodal systems that use trucks to pick up and deliver shippers’ sealed trailers or containers and that utilize trains to transport them long distance come into greater use. Productivity 

gains will be affected by innovations such as larger, faster, more fuel efficient trains and computerized classification yards; computerized tracking of freight cars to match empty cars with 

the closest loads; and computer-assisted dispatching of trains. Computer-assisted devices alert 

engineers to train malfunctions. Work rules now allow trains to operate with two-person crews. 

Productivity will exceed output growth and will cause employment to decline still further. Employment in most rail occupations will continue to decline, due in part to the consolidation of 

railroads and job duties. 

483 Water transportation Output is consumed by individuals and as a transportation margin on shipping goods to market. 

Output will grow as GDP and the population increase, but at a slower rate than productivity. As 

a result, employment will decrease. 

484, 492 Truck transportation and 

couriers and messengers 

 

Output is consumed by individuals and as a transportation margin on shipping goods to market 

and will grow as GDP and the population increase. Trucking has been accounting for a rising

share of freight transportation revenue. Growth in the industry parallels economic upswings 

and downturns. Productivity will increase at a slower rate than output. Employment will continue to increase. Additional employment growth in the truck transportation industry will result 

from manufacturers’ willingness to concentrate more on their core competencies—producing 

goods—and to outsource their distribution functions to trucking companies. 

485 Transit and ground 

passenger transportation 

This industry provides local and suburban passenger transportation services by bus, taxi, and 

subway. Output is purchased by individuals, by businesses, and by State and local governments 

for school transportation. Output will rise due to population growth, while productivity will decline, resulting in an increase in employment. 

486 Pipeline transportation Output is consumed as a transportation margin on shipping petroleum and will grow slightly as 

GDP and the population increase. Productivity will increase even less than output, resulting in 

no change to employment. 

487, 488 Scenic and sightseeing 

transportation and 

support activities for 

transportation 

Output is purchased by other transportation industries, by individuals, and as intermediate demand for exports. Output will increase as packaging, freight, cargo arrangement, and other 

transportation-related services remain instrumental to logistics management. Productivity will 

grow, but at a slower rate than output, resulting in employment growth. 

491 Postal Service Output is consumed by individuals and firms as a business expense and will rise slightly as the 

Postal Service delivers increasing numbers of packages shipped by manufacturers and delivery 

services on the final leg of their local delivery as first-class mail. Competition from private delivery companies and other industries, such as electronic communications, will continue to increase, dampening output growth. Productivity will increase with automation at a faster rate 

than output, due to the use of automated materials-handling equipment and optical character 

readers, barcode sorters, and other automated sorting equipment. Employment will continue to 

decline as a result of these combined factors. 

493 Warehousing and storage Output is consumed by individuals and as a transportation margin on shipping goods to market. 

Manufacturers’ willingness to concentrate more on their core competencies and to outsource 

their distribution functions to warehousing companies will spur output growth. Firms in other 

industries will increasingly employ this industry's logistical services, such as inventory management and just-in-time shipping. Also, the expansion of electronic commerce, as more consumers and businesses make purchases over the Internet, will continue to increase demand for 

the transportation and logistical services of the warehousing industry. Productivity will rise at a 

much slower rate than output, resulting in increased employment. 
134

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

5111 Newspaper, periodical, 

book, and directory 

publishers 

Output is purchased mostly by consumers. Output will go up slightly, driven mostly by custom 

publishing and growing demand for ethnic newspapers and magazines. In custom publishing,

companies and other organizations order magazines from publishers specifically for their customers to increase customer loyalty and advertise new company products. Consolidation in the 

industry, a greater reliance on freelance writers, and the increasing automation of the prepress 

function in newspaper-printing plants will decrease the number of people needed in this industry. Due to efficiency gains, productivity will increase at a faster rate than output, and employment will decrease as a result. 

5112 Software publishers Output is purchased by government and as investment, with intermediates scattered among 

most industries. Output has grown and should continue to grow at a robust rate, given the proliferation of software across all segments of society. The software-publishing industry should 

be the beneficiary of rapid technological change, and productivity should continue to exhibit

healthy gains. The emergence and rapid growth of video games should bode very well for 

software publishers. Productivity is increasing at a much slower rate than output, resulting in a 

significant increase in employment. 

516, 518, 

519

Internet services, data 

processing, and other 

information services 

Internet services will expand as the amount of data generated by the Internet economy continues to grow. Both output and productivity should grow rapidly. Employment will continue to 

increase as well. While the Internet will grow and expand even more, offshore outsourcing—of 

data-processing jobs in particular—should temper employment growth. 

512 Motion picture and sound 

recording industries 

Most output is consumed as an input to motion picture theaters and television, with individuals 

and exports accounting for the rest. Output will increase as a growing population continues to 

enjoy movies as entertainment. Blockbuster films will dominate the industry, especially with 

the continued expansion of multiplex theaters and increased exports from film distribution 

rights. Productivity will rise, but at a slower rate than output; as a result, employment is expected to increase. 

5151 Radio and television 

broadcasting 

Output is purchased mainly by individuals and will increase with population and GDP growth. 

Increasing commuting times will account for a strong radio advertising market. Growing competition from other media sources—specifically, cable television and satellite TV—should continue to limit growth in television advertising revenue. Digital broadcasting and recording 

technology will continue to improve productivity at a faster rate than output growth, causing 

employment to decrease. Further productivity gains will result from the remote operation of 

stations and by combining multiple stations and should continue throughout the projection period. 

5152, 

5175 

Cable and other 

subscription 

programming and 

program distribution 

Output is purchased mainly by individuals. Moderate output growth will result from demand 

due to population and from GDP growth. Productivity will decrease as companies upgrade cable and other pay television infrastructures, allowing providers to deliver telephone and Internet 

services, as well as television programming. Increasing output and declining productivity will 

result in increases in employment. 

517 

except 

5175

Telecommunications, 

except cable and other 

program distribution 

Individuals purchase the largest share of output, followed by government, business, and other 

institutions. Output growth will be strong as advanced technology and competition lower prices 

for high-speed Internet access and wireless telephone services and as deregulation expands the 

breadth of residential telecommunication services offered. In addition, business demand is expected to rise as companies increasingly rely on their telecommunications systems to conduct 

electronic commerce. This industry’s employment gains, however, are expected to be limited 

by productivity gains as technological improvements such as fiber-optic lines and advanced 

switching equipment increase the data transmission capacity of telecommunications networks. 

521, 5221 Monetary authorities and 

depository credit 

intermediation 

Output is consumed by individuals and organizations and will increase as banks offer a variety 

of financial products to compete with other financial service companies. Mergers are expected 

to continue, which can lead to cutbacks and consolidation, but to a lesser degree than before. 

Bank branches are making a comeback, but other factors, such as automated teller machines 

and Internet banking, will balance this service out. Output will increase rapidly, productivity 

almost as quickly. Back-office staff are most likely to be affected adversely by technology, 

which will continue to result in a streamlining of back-office functions, reducing the need for 

some tellers. Employment will increase slightly over the period. 
135

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

5222, 

5223, 

525,533

Nondepository credit 

intermediation and 

related support 

activities, funds, trusts, 

and lessors of 

nonfinancial intangible 

assets (except 

copyrighted works) 

Output is consumed by individuals and organizations. A stable long-term growth path wherein

interest rates on government bonds tend to their historical average will help sustain demand for 

loans from these nonbank lenders. Banks are opening their own finance and mortgage banking 

companies, causing an employment shift to this industry from the banking industry. Productivity gains due to innovations such as credit scoring will dampen employment growth in the loan 

and credit business. But productivity will increase more slowly than output growth, so employment, which has historically exhibited positive growth, is expected to continue to increase. 

523 Securities, commodity 

contracts, and other 

financial investments 

and related activities 

Output is consumed by individuals and financial and insurance firms. Rapid output growth is 

expected as the baby boomers enter their peak savings years and the population, in general, becomes more sophisticated about investing. Productivity will increase, although not as fast as 

output, as securities and mutual fund markets are automated. Increasing numbers of selfdirected pension plans will continue to drive demand in this industry and will increase the demand for investment advisors to help people invest this pool of money, so employment will 

grow. In an effort to curb costs and to be more competitive in the market, most firms will be reluctant to add new employees to their payroll unless those employees are definitely needed. 

5241 Insurance carriers Output is purchased primarily by individuals and a variety of intermediate sectors and will increase as a growing and increasingly affluent population demands more insurance of all kinds, 

particularly health insurance. Population growth will stimulate demand for insurance products, 

yet as insurance companies begin to offer more information and services on the Internet, and as 

workers become more productive due to technological advancements, employment is expected 

to increase very little. Productivity will increase at a slower rate than output, and employment 

will increase slightly as a consequence. 

5242 Agencies, brokerages, and 

other insurance related 

activities 

Output is purchased mostly by the insurance carrier industry. Population growth will stimulate 

demand for insurance products, yet, as more information and services are offered on the Internet, and as workers become more productive due to technological advancements, employment 

is expected to increase very little. However, the number of agents employed directly by insurance carriers reportedly is declining, and this employment will shift to agencies and brokerages, 

so agent employment will most likely remain stable. Productivity will grow at a much slower 

rate than output, causing employment to increase modestly. 

531 Real estate Rising output will be purchased by individuals and businesses as rent, real estate commissions, 

or fees. The industry is more sensitive to the business cycle than most. New technology and 

consolidation will increase productivity less than output, resulting in modest employment 

growth. 

5321 Automotive equipment 

rental and leasing 

Output is purchased by individuals and by a variety of industries, including wholesale trade. 

Output will continue to increase following historical trends, due to firms’ preference for leasing 

and renting motor vehicles. Productivity will grow less than output, and as a result, employment will increase. 

5322–3 Consumer goods rental and 

general rental centers 

Output is purchased primarily by individuals. Output growth will result from consumers’ preference for leasing personal and household-type goods, because leasing and renting require

smaller capital outlays than does purchasing. Productivity will increase at a slower rate than 

output, causing employment to rise. 

5324 Commercial and industrial 

machinery and 

equipment rental and 

leasing 

Services are purchased primarily by individuals, wholesale and retail trade, and construction. 

The industry is engaged chiefly in renting or leasing commercial and industrial-type machinery 

and equipment. Output will continue to increase, while productivity declines slightly, causing 

employment to rise. 

5411 Legal services Output is purchased by individuals and by a wide variety of industries, including insurance and 

wholesale and retail trade. Output should grow as new legal issues emerge with the increasing 

use of the Internet in business transactions. Output growth will be stimulated by increased litigation due to a rise in the amount and complexity of business activities. Productivity will decrease, and employment will increase more rapidly than output as a result. 
136

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

5412 Accounting, tax 

preparation, 

bookkeeping, and 

payroll services 

Output is consumed primarily by individuals and as an intermediate input by a wide variety of 

industries and will continue to increase as firms contain expenses by outsourcing or using consultants. Productivity will be flat or actually will decrease, resulting in employment growth. 

Employment will not grow as fast as in the past, because of outsourcing abroad and because accounting firms will be prevented from performing all but audit-related work for clients. 

5413 Architectural, engineering, 

and related services 

Most output is purchased by individuals and by the construction and engineering industries. 

Output will increase as firms contract out for engineering and architectural services; the rate of 

increase, however, will be slower than otherwise, due to strong competition from imported services from India, Russia, and other countries. Productivity will increase at a rate only slightly 

slower than output, so employment will continue to grow, but also at a slow rate. 

5414 Specialized design services Output is purchased by individuals and most industries and will continue to increase. Productivity is expected to increase because graphic designers, the largest component, are heavy users 

and early adopters of new information technologies. Productivity growth will not keep pace 

with output growth, however, resulting in rising employment. 

5415 Computer systems design 

and related services 

Output is purchased by government, as personal investment by individuals, and as intermediate 

purchases by finance. This industry includes computer software development; networking and 

data communications; Internet and online services; data processing, maintenance, and repair; 

and other specialized consulting. Output will increase rapidly as businesses contract out computer-related functions to establishments in the industry. The category of computer networking 

and data communications has become one of the fastest-growing and technologically dynamic 

segments. Factors increasing demand for networks and network products and services include 

the Internet, the expansion of intranets and extranets, the need for remote access to computers, 

an increase in the number of PCs connected to LANs, and the growing importance of security. 

Productivity should continue to increase at a rate about half as fast as output growth, as computer networks, systems, and programs become more advanced. Employment will increase significantly over the projection period as a result. While there should continue to be growth in 

this industry, it will be tempered by a shift toward outsourcing information technology service 

jobs overseas. 

5416 Management, scientific, 

and technical consulting 

services 

Output is consumed primarily as an intermediate input by a wide variety of industries and will 

continue to increase as firms contain expenses by outsourcing or using consultants. Due to continued economic development and growing business complexity, businesses will continue to 

need advice on planning and logistics, the implementation of new technologies, and compliance 

with government tax, environmental, and employee benefits and workplace safety laws and 

regulations. Productivity will decline, assuring continued strong employment growth. 

5417, 

5419

Scientific research and 

development and other 

professional, scientific, 

and technical services 

Output is consumed primarily by individuals. Growth in research-and-development expenditures for services such as scientific research, marketing research, and public-opinion polling 

will stimulate demand for output. Productivity will increase at a slower rate than output, so 

employment will continue to grow. 

5418 Advertising and related 

services 

Output is purchased by many industries, the largest being retail trade. Strong output growth is 

expected due to new opportunities created by the Internet and international markets and as functions within firms are specialized further. In the wake of corporate scandals, more emphasis 

will be placed on improving the image of the client and building public confidence. Growth 

will continue to be led by technology-oriented jobs, including programmers, graphic designers, 

and media managers. Productivity will grow fast, but at a slower rate than output, resulting in 

modest employment growth. Employment growth will be dampened by the increased use of 

more efficient nonprint media advertising, including the Internet and radio, which could result 

in some workers losing their jobs. Layoffs are common in advertising and public-relations service firms when accounts are lost, major clients cut budgets, or agencies merge. 

55 Management of companies 

and enterprises 

Output is consumed by individuals and firms. Output will grow at a rate faster than productivity, resulting in an increase in employment. 

5611–2 Office administrative and 

facilities support 

services 

Output is purchased by individuals, by government, and as an intermediate input by a variety of 

industries and will increase as this industry benefits from outsourcing. Productivity will rise at 

a slower rate than output, resulting in faster-than-average employment growth. 
137

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

5613 Employment services Many intermediate industries purchase personnel services. Rapid growth in output will be encouraged by expansion of the industry to include many professional occupations, such as accountants, lawyers, managers, and engineers. In addition, firms will increasingly use personnel 

supply services to reduce costs, improve flexibility, and screen candidates for permanent positions. Productivity will rise more slowly than output, resulting in strong employment growth. 

5614, 

5616, 

5619

Business support and 

investigation and 

security services and 

support services, n.e.c. 

Many intermediate industries purchase miscellaneous business services. Output will continue 

to increase, driven by demand for security services and other business services. Productivity 

will increase at a slower rate than output, resulting in employment growth. 

5615 Travel arrangement and 

reservation services 

Most output is purchased by individuals, although intermediate output is purchased by many 

industries. Output is expected to increase, reflecting increasing business and leisure travel. 

However, productivity will rise more rapidly than output, due to the increased use of technology, especially the Internet. Employment will decrease as a result. 

5617 Services to buildings and 

dwellings 

Output is purchased by individuals and by many industries, including real estate, trade, educational services, and hotels. Output will continue to grow because of rising demand from increasing numbers of consumers. Productivity will continue to increase, but at a much slower 

rate than output, resulting in employment growth. 

562 Waste management and 

remediation services 

Output will grow as fast as GDP. Employment will grow slightly more slowly than output, due 

to a slight increase in productivity in this labor-intensive industry. 

61 Educational services, 

private 

Output is consumed mostly by individuals, with some government use and exports in the form 

of foreign students. Output will continue to increase in response to demand for education and 

training by individuals of all ages. Productivity will continue to decrease, employment to increase. 

6211–3 Offices of health 

practitioners 

Output is consumed by individuals and will increase, driven by a growing and aging population 

that will continue to demand a high level of quality healthcare services. Productivity will rise

only slightly and at a much slower rate than output. As a result, employment will exhibit strong 

growth. 

6214–6, 

6219 

Ambulatory health care 

services, except offices 

of health practitioners 

Most output is consumed by individuals. This industry includes many fast-growing sectors,

such as home healthcare, outpatient care centers, and medical and diagnostic laboratories. Fast 

growth of output will result. Productivity will increase at a much slower rate than output, resulting in strong growth for employment. 

622 Hospitals, private Output is consumed by individuals and will increase, driven by a growing and aging population. 

Productivity will increase at a slower rate than output, and employment growth will result. 

Employment growth in hospitals will be constrained somewhat by an increase in ambulatory or 

same-day surgery, advances in treatment, and a continued emphasis on controlling costs by diverting some care to more cost-effective outpatient and ambulatory care settings. 

6231–2 Nursing care and residential 

mental health facilities 

Output is consumed by individuals. Output will increase, driven by an aging population and increasing demand for nursing and mental health care. Declining productivity will result in rising 

employment, but growth will be limited by the relatively high costs of facility-based care and 

by consumer preference for care provided in alternative settings, such as in homes or other 

community-based residential care facilities. 

6233, 

6239

Community care facilities 

for the elderly and 

residential care 

facilities, n.e.c. 

Most output is consumed by individuals. Output will increase due to rising demand for services 

from a growing elderly population with a desire to maintain independent lifestyles. Productivity will decline and employment will increase rapidly as a result. 

6241–3 Individual, family, 

community, and 

vocational rehabilitation 

services 

Output is consumed by individuals. Output growth will be due mostly to the expansion of services for the elderly and the aging baby-boom generation. Similarly, services for the mentally 

ill, the physically disabled, and families in crisis will be expanded. Increasing emphasis on 

providing home care services rather than more costly nursing home or hospital care, and on earlier and better integration of the physically disabled and mentally ill into society, also will contribute to growth, as will increased demand for drug and alcohol abuse prevention programs. 

Productivity will remain essentially flat, resulting in strong employment growth, especially in 

private social service agencies, as State and local governments contract out their social services 

in an effort to cut costs. Employment growth will depend, in large part, on the amount of funding made available by government and private organizations. 
138

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

6244 Child day care services Output is consumed entirely by individuals. Continued rapid output growth will result from 

growth in both the number of children under 5 years old and the labor force participation rate of 

women of childbearing age. Growth in the number of employer-operated centers and government increases in funding and promotion also will stimulate demand. Productivity will increase, but at a much slower rate than output, resulting in strong employment growth. 

7111, 

7113–5

Performing arts companies, 

promoters, agents, 

managers and 

independent artists 

Output is purchased by individuals, by food services and drinking places, and as input to many 

industries. Output is increasing due to demand from a growing population with more leisure 

time. Productivity will increase at a slower pace than output growth, resulting in employment 

growth. 

7112 Spectator sports Output is consumed by individuals and by radio and television broadcasting. Output will grow 

as a larger population with more leisure time becomes increasingly interested in sports. Productivity will decline slightly, resulting in employment growing even faster than output. 

712 Museums, historical sites, 

and similar institutions 

Most output is consumed by individuals and will continue to grow as public interest in science, 

art, and history increases due to growth in both leisure time and disposable income. Productivity will rise, but at a much slower rate than output, resulting in increased employment. 

713 Amusement, gambling, and 

recreation industries 

Output is purchased by individuals and will continue to grow due to increasing disposable income, leisure time, and awareness of the health benefits of physical fitness. Productivity will 

increase, but at a slower rate than output, causing employment to increase as a result. 

7211 Traveler accommodation Output is purchased by individuals and businesses. Output will increase due to demand for 

short-term lodging. Productivity will increase at a slower rate than output, resulting in average 

employment growth. 

7212–3 RV parks, recreational 

camps, and rooming and 

boarding houses 

Output is consumed by individuals. Output will continue to increase due to demand for recreational parks, campgrounds, and vacation camps, reflecting increased amounts of leisure time 

and disposable income. Productivity will grow, but at a much slower rate than output, causing 

employment to rise. 

722 Food services and drinking 

places 

Output is consumed primarily by individuals. Output will increase due to demographic factors 

such as increases in population, growth of personal income, increased leisure time, and a rise in 

the number of dual-income families. Productivity will increase as the shift from more formal to 

more casual dining and from independent to chain establishments promotes centralized operations and a greater use of automated equipment. Still, productivity will rise at a slower rate than 

output. As a result, employment will increase. 

8111 Automobile repair and 

maintenance 

Output is consumed primarily by individuals and will increase as the growing population of increasingly affluent individuals demands services such as carwashes and quick oil changes. 

Output growth will be constrained because newer cars have become more reliable over time and 

need less servicing and repair. Productivity will increase, but at a slower rate than output, and 

employment will grow as a result. 

8112 Electronic and precision 

equipment repair and 

maintenance 

Output is purchased by individuals and government, with intermediate consumption scattered 

among most industries. Output will increase slightly, but growth will be constrained as massproduced electrical equipment becomes cheaper to replace than repair. Productivity will increase more than output, and employment will decline as a result. 

8113 Commercial and industrial 

equipment (except 

automotive and 

electronic) repair and 

maintenance 

Output is consumed mostly by intermediate consumption scattered among most industries. 

Output will increase faster than productivity, causing employment to rise. 

8114 Personal and household 

goods repair and maintenance 

Output is consumed mostly by intermediate consumption scattered among many industries. 

Output will increase slightly, constrained by more disposable consumer goods that are cheaper 

to replace than repair. Productivity will increase at a pace almost equaling output growth, resulting in limited employment growth. 
139

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

8121 Personal care services Output is consumed by individuals. Output will continue to grow as demand for personal care 

services is driven by a growing population, rising incomes, and increased demand for improved 

personal care or grooming. Productivity will increase, but at a slower rate than output, resulting 

in employment growth. 

8122 Death care services Output is purchased mostly by individuals. Output should continue to rise as the population 

and the number of deaths increase. Productivity will increase in areas such as embalming, but 

at a slower rate than output, so employment will increase. 

8123 Drycleaning and laundry 

services 

Output is used mainly by individuals, but also is contracted for by a number of industries, such 

as food services and drinking places. Output will increase, driven by a growing, increasingly 

affluent population. Fewer stores will be family owned and operated than in the past. The use 

of central drycleaning facilities that process work for multiple stores will result in rising productivity, although output will grow even faster. Total employment will increase slightly due to 

an increase in wage and salary workers, but the number of self-employed and unpaid family 

workers will decline. 

8129 Other personal services Output is purchased mainly by individuals and will increase due to sustained demand for individual services such as the use of parking lots and garages. Productivity will increase at a 

slower rate than output, resulting in continued employment growth. 

8131–3 Religious, grantmaking and 

giving services, and 

social advocacy 

organizations 

Output is consumed mostly by individuals. Output will increase due to growing demand from 

an increasingly affluent population involved in advocacy groups for such causes as religion, 

human rights, and conservation. Productivity will increase, but at a slower pace than output 

growth, so employment will rise. 

8134, 

8139

Civic, social, business, and 

similar organizations 

Output is consumed mostly by individuals. Output will increase slightly faster than the population, due to rising demand for the services of civic, social, business, and similar organizations. 

Productivity will decline, leading to employment growth. 

814 Private households Output is purchased by individuals and will increase because of demand for inside workers. 

Government regulation of the workplace makes the use of private household workers expensive 

relative to the use of specialized firms, constraining industry growth. Productivity will increase, and employment will decline as a result. 

... Federal electric utilities Output will increase, but at a rate slower than productivity. Employment will decline as a result. 

... Federal Government 

enterprises, n.e.c. 

Output will increase in response to demand for federally delivered services. Productivity will 

increase at a much faster rate than output, and as a result, employment will decrease significantly. 

... Federal general government Output will increase slightly as the Federal Government continues to take responsibility for 

pressing issues such as public safety and security. Growth will be constrained by budgetary 

concerns, the growing use of private contractors, and the transfer of some functions to State and 

local governments. Productivity will remain unchanged, and employment will increase slightly 

as a result. 

... Local government 

passenger transit 

Output will increase as more people use public transportation. The demand for mass-transit 

programs and initiatives will shape the industry. Productivity will decline, and employment 

will increase as a result. 

... State and local electric utilities 

Output will increase in response to industry deregulation on the national level, which will spur

State and local participation in some areas of the country. Productivity will increase at a slower 

rate than output, and employment will increase as a result. 

... State and local government 

enterprises 

Output will increase in response to demand from consumers for such services as State liquor 

stores. Productivity will increase almost as fast as output, and employment will rise only 

slightly as a result. 

... State and local government 

hospitals 

Output will increase as public hospitals provide safety-net services to trauma victims, the poor, 

and the uninsured. Productivity will increase at a slightly slower pace than output, resulting in 

minimal employment growth. 
140

 Table IV–2. Factors affecting industry output and employment, 2002–12—Continued 

NAICS 

code Industry title Factors affecting output and employment 

... State and local government 

education 

Output, which is measured as the compensation of government employees, will increase in response to demand for education and training by individuals of all ages. There will be no change 

in productivity, so employment will increase slightly faster than output. 

... State and local general 

government, n.e.c. 

Output, which is measured as the compensation of government employees, will increase. Productivity will decrease slightly, so employment will rise at a slightly faster rate than output. 
141

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization, 2002–12

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

11-1031 Legislators Small decreases will occur in State and local government, excluding education 

and hospitals, to account for virtually no growth in the number of elected 

officials as other parts of government grow. 

11-2011 Advertising and promotions managers A moderate increase will occur in advertising and related services because of 

increasing global competition for the sale of goods and services and because 

more companies are expected to outsource their advertising to these agencies. 

11-2021 Marketing managers A moderate increase is expected in computer systems design and related 

services as these establishments promote their services and strive to broaden 

their client bases in a competitive marketplace. A small increase will result in 

advertising and related services from increased outsourcing of advertising work 

by other industries. 

11-2022 Sales managers Small to moderate increases are expected across all industries to manage 

increased marketing efforts. 

11-2031 Public relations managers A moderate increase is expected in advertising and related services as 

companies take a proactive approach to avoiding bad public relations, building 

trust in their products, and raising their visibility. 

11-3011 Administrative services managers A moderate increase is expected in management, scientific, and technical 

consulting services as firms in other industries increasingly utilize 

administrative management consulting services. 

11-3021 Computer and information systems 

managers 

Small increases are expected across all industries as firms continue to embrace 

new technologies and employ more computer specialists who must be managed. 

11-3061 Purchasing managers Small decreases are anticipated in most industries as electronic commerce 

increases productivity and allows for smaller staffs, resulting in a reduced need 

for managers. 

11-9011 Farm, ranch, and other agricultural 

managers 

Small increases are expected across all industries as corporate and absentee 

ownership increases demand for professional management. 

11-9031 Education administrators, preschool 

and childcare center/program 

A small increase is expected in local government educational services due to the 

expansion of formal preschool programs as fewer private households care for 

young children. 

11-9033 Education administrators, 

postsecondary 

The number of postsecondary school students is projected to grow more rapidly 

than other student populations, resulting in a small increase in private 

educational services. 

11-9071 Gaming managers A small increase will occur in traveler accommodation due to greater consumer 

interest in gambling and because growth in the average establishment size will 

result in a need for more management workers. 

11-9081 Lodging managers A small decrease is expected in traveler accommodation because extended-stay 

and economy-class establishments, which will account for an increasing share of 

lodging establishments, require a lower proportion of lodging managers. 

11-9111 Medical and health services managers The increasing complexity of physician practices and hospitals, a more stringent 

regulatory environment, and an increased reliance on managers for efficient and 

effective office operations will result in small increases in offices of physicians 

and public and private hospitals. 

11-9141 Property, real estate, and community 

association managers 

A small decrease in lessors of real estate and small to moderate increases in 

activities related to real estate and offices of real estate agents and brokers will 

result as real estate sales practices shift from individual owner-operators toward 

professional third-party management companies. 

13-1022 Wholesale and retail buyers, except 

farm products 

Small decreases will result in most industries as efficiency gains from electronic 

commerce allow customers to circumvent buyers and connect directly with 

business Web sites and with purchasing operations that are more centralized. 
142

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

13-1051 Cost estimators Small increases are expected in nonresidential building construction, residential 

building construction, and utility system construction due to the continuing need 

to control costs and the increased complexity of estimating construction costs. 

13-1061 Emergency management specialists Small increases are expected in all industries as the demand for emergencyrelated services continues to rise. 

13-1072 Compensation, benefits, and job 

analysis specialists 

Small increases will occur across all industries to help implement legislative and 

court rulings on benefits and other employment matters. 

13-1073 Training and development specialists Small to moderate increases are expected in most industries as the rising 

complexity of jobs results in higher training requirements. 

13-1111 Management analysts A moderate increase is expected in management, scientific, and technical 

consulting services because regulations that restrict accounting firms from 

providing consulting services will result in more businesses seeking these 

services from traditional consulting firms. A moderate increase in Federal 

government will result as more management analysts are used to help streamline 

operations and reduce costs. A small increase is anticipated in computer 

systems design and related services as computer firms increase their consulting 

operations, especially in electronic commerce and technology management. A 

moderate increase in office administrative services will occur as more firms 

outsource the management of day-to-day business activities. A very large 

decrease is expected in accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll 

services because of new regulations that restrict accounting firms from 

providing consulting services. 

13-1198 All other business operations 

specialists 

Small increases will occur in all industries as companies seek to cut costs and 

increase efficiency. 

13-2011 Accountants and auditors A small increase is expected in accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and 

payroll services as accounting firms focus more on their primary services and 

less on other services, such as consulting, as a result of accounting scandals. 

Moderate decreases are expected in Federal government and in State 

government, excluding education and hospitals, as accounting software 

increases efficiency and as governments outsource accounting services. 

13-2051 Financial analysts A small decrease is expected in securities and commodity contracts 

intermediation and brokerage as a result of industry consolidation. A moderate 

increase is expected in depository credit intermediation as a result of industry 

deregulation. 

13-2052 Personal financial advisors Moderate increases are expected in all industries as a result of growing demand 

for financial services, such as retirement planning, and because of industry 

deregulation, which allows insurance agents, stockbrokers, and bankers to offer 

a wider range of products. 

13-2053 Insurance underwriters A small decrease is anticipated in agencies, brokerages and other insurance 

activities as workers become more productive due to the implementation of 

underwriting software and information technology. 

15-1021 Computer programmers Small decreases across all industries are expected as establishments shift 

emphasis from programming to design, development, and analysis and due to 

the outsourcing of programming to other countries. 

15-1031 Computer software engineers, 

applications 

Small increases are expected across all industries due to increasing demand for 

computer applications software and specialized utility programs designed and 

developed to meet users’ needs. 

15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems 

software 

Small to moderate increases are expected across all industries due to the 

continuing need to design and develop new operating systems-level software 

and network distribution software, as well as to the need to maintain current 

systems and insure information security. 
143

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

15-1051 Computer systems analysts Small increases are expected across all industries due to increasing demand for 

new applications of technology, such as networking and systems integration. 

15-1061 Database administrators Small to moderate increases will result across all industries as the growing 

amount of information available requires more database administrators to store 

and administer data effectively and securely. 

15-1071 Network and computer systems 

administrators 

Small increases are expected across all industries as organizations develop and 

expand network, Internet, and Intranet systems and conduct more business 

electronically. 

15-1081 Network systems and data 

communications analysts 

Moderate increases are expected across all industries due to the continued 

expansion of the Internet, increasingly complex wired and wireless networks, 

firms’ growing reliance on Web sites, and more emphasis overall on the security 

and protection of electronic information. 

15-2021 Mathematicians A small decrease is expected in all industries as other workers with 

mathematical backgrounds, but a wider range of skills—such as engineers, 

computer scientists, and physicists—perform work traditionally performed by 

mathematicians. 

15-2031 Operations research analysts A large decrease is expected in computer systems design and related services 

and data-processing, hosting, and related services as firms hire more computer 

scientists and systems analysts, who have a broader range of computer skills, 

rather than operations research analysts. 

15-2041 Statisticians Small decreases will result in all industries as improved statistical packages 

decrease the need for statisticians and as more statistical work is performed by 

workers with broader skills, such as engineers, computer scientists, and other 

scientists. 

17-1021 Cartographers and photogrammetrists A small increase is expected in architectural, engineering, and related services as

these firms diversify and expand to include services such as cartography and 

photogrammetry. 

17-2031 Biomedical engineers Small increases are expected in all industries due to an aging population and 

increased emphasis on health issues, which will increase the need for 

sophisticated biomedical equipment. 

17-2071 Electrical engineers Small decreases are anticipated across most industries as engineering services 

are increasingly purchased from abroad. 

17-2072 Electronics engineers, except 

computer 

Small increases are expected in most industries as these workers continue to be 

at the forefront of developing and integrating new information and 

communication technologies. 

17-2081 Environmental engineers Moderate increases are expected in all industries due to increased demand for 

environmental-related engineering projects and as this occupation gains 

acceptance as a separate engineering discipline. 

17-2112 Industrial engineers Moderate increases are expected in motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts 

manufacturing due to an increased use of these workers to improve quality and 

productivity. 

17-2141 Mechanical engineers Small decreases are expected in most industries as engineering services are 

increasingly purchased from abroad. 

17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters Small decreases are expected across all industries, except architectural, 

engineering, and related services, as computer-aided design and drafting systems 

improve worker productivity. 

17-3012 Electrical and electronics drafters Small decreases will occur in all industries as computer-aided design and 

drafting systems improve worker productivity. 
144

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

17-3013 Mechanical drafters Small decreases are expected across all industries as computer-aided design and 

drafting systems improve worker productivity. 

17-3025 Environmental engineering 

technicians 

Small increases are expected in all industries due to increased demand for 

environmental-related engineering projects and as this occupation gains 

acceptance as a separate occupation distinct from other engineering technicians. 

17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians Small to moderate increases are expected in all industries as the demand 

increases for geographic information systems-related data-entry services. 

19-1021 Biochemists and biophysicists A moderate increase will occur in scientific research and development services, 

and a small increase will take place in pharmaceutical and medicine 

manufacturing, due to increased biotechnology-related research. 

19-1022 Microbiologists A moderate increase is expected in scientific research and development services, 

and small increases are anticipated in pharmaceutical and medicine 

manufacturing and Federal government, due to increased biotechnology-related 

research. 

19-1029 Biological scientists, all other Moderate increases are anticipated in scientific research and development 

services and in Federal government as the National Institute of Health’s (NIH’s) 

budget continues to grow, resulting in increased basic research and Federal grant 

money for drug development and design and for basic biological research. 

19-1041 Epidemiologists Small increases are expected in all industries due to a heightened awareness of 

bioterrorism and to infectious diseases increasing the need for epidemiological 

information. 

19-1042 Medical scientists except 

epidemiologists 

Small increases are expected in all industries due to budget increases for NIH 

that will translate into more basic medical research and development. 

19-2031 Chemists Small increases will result in scientific and research and development services, 

pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing, and the Federal government as 

chemists become more heavily involved in drug research, design, and discovery. 

19-2032 Materials scientists A moderate increase will result in scientific research and development services 

as the chemical industry increasingly outsources work to firms that perform such 

services. 

19-2041 Environmental scientists and 

specialists including health 

Small increases will result in most industries due to a general heightened 

awareness regarding the need to monitor and improve the quality of the 

environment. 

19-2042 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and 

geographers 

As geoscientists perform more environmental audits and more site and risk 

assessments to meet environmental regulations, there will be a small increase in 

architectural, engineering, and related services. 

19-2043 Hydrologists Small increases are expected in Federal government and in architectural, 

engineering, and related services as more hydrologists are needed to evaluate 

issues related to water conservation, deteriorating coastal environments, rising 

sea levels, pollution control, and waste disposal. 

19-4051 Nuclear technicians A small decrease is expected in electric power generation, transmission, and 

distribution as the Nation’s dependence on nuclear power as a source of energy 

decreases relative to its reliance on other sources of energy. 

19-4091 Environmental science and protection 

technicians, including health 

Due to increased emphasis on environmental issues, including the preservation 

of ecosystems, there will be a moderate increase across all industries. 

19-4092 Forensic science technicians Advances in forensics will increase the use of forensic science techniques to 

solve crimes, resulting in small increases in all industries. 

19-4093 Forest and conservation technicians A small decrease will occur in local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, as funding for forestry programs is expected to decrease in this 

industry. 
145

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

21-1013 Marriage and family therapists Small decreases are expected in State and local government, excluding 

education and hospitals, as counseling services are increasingly outsourced. 

21-1014 Mental health counselors Small decreases are expected in State and local government, excluding 

education and hospitals, as counseling services are increasingly outsourced. 

21-1015 Rehabilitation counselors Small decreases are expected in State and local government, excluding 

education and hospitals, as counseling services are increasingly outsourced. 

21-1022 Medical and public health social 

workers 

There will be a small increase across most private healthcare and social 

assistance industries as a rapidly growing elderly population increases the 

demand for social services to coordinate the care of patients discharged from 

hospitals. Small decreases are expected in State and local government, 

excluding education and hospitals, due to governments increasingly outsourcing 

social work functions to private organizations and employing more social and 

human service assistants rather than social workers. 

21-1023 Mental health and substance abuse 

social workers 

Small increases are expected across most private healthcare and social assistance 

industries due to increasing demand for social services aimed at the mentally ill 

and at the prevention and treatment of substance abuse. There will be small 

decreases in State and local government, excluding education and hospitals, due 

to governments increasingly outsourcing social work functions to private 

organizations and employing more social and human service assistants rather 

than social workers. 

21-1092 Probation officers and correctional 

treatment specialists 

A small increase is expected in State government, excluding education and 

hospitals, due to the increasing number of offenders in prison and on parole and 

probation. 

21-1093 Social and human service assistants Small to moderate increases are expected across all industries, except State and 

local government, excluding education and hospitals, as a growing and aging 

population increases demand for social services and as establishments control 

costs by using more of these workers rather than social workers. Small 

decreases are expected in State and local governments, excluding education and 

hospitals, as governments increasingly outsource social work functions to 

private organizations. 

21-2011 Clergy A small decrease is expected in religious organizations as laypeople perform 

more duties and as religious organizations provide more social and educational 

activities. 

23-1011 Lawyers Large increases are expected in State and local government, excluding education 

and hospitals, as more lawyers are needed to prosecute a growing number of 

court cases and deal with a growing number of regulatory issues. 

23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants Small increases are expected across all industries as firms increasingly substitute 

relatively lower cost paralegals and legal assistants for lawyers and law clerks. 

23-2092 Law clerks Small decreases are anticipated across all industries as firms replace law clerks 

with paralegals and legal assistants in an effort to contain the costs of delivering 

legal services. 

23-2093 Title examiners, abstractors, and 

searchers 

All industries are expected to experience moderate decreases as the increased 

use of electronic databases boosts productivity. In addition, many title 

examiners will be replaced by legal assistants. 

25-1000 Postsecondary teachers Small to moderate increases are expected in religious organizations and in State, 

local, and private educational services as the number of adult and college-aged 

students grows more rapidly than other student populations. 

25-2011 Preschool teachers, except special 

education 

Small increases are expected in local government educational services and 

religious organizations due to an expansion of formal preschool programs as 

fewer private households care for young children. 
146

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

25-2012 Kindergarten teachers, except special 

education 

There will be a small increase in local government educational services, a 

moderate decrease in private educational services, and a small decrease in child 

daycare services as more States offer all-day kindergarten, causing a shift of 

employment from private educational services and child daycare centers into 

public elementary schools. 

25-2021 Elementary school teachers, except 

special education 

A moderate decrease is expected in private educational services as the number 

of elementary school students is projected to grow more slowly than other 

student populations in this industry. 

25-2022 Middle school teachers, except special 

and vocational education 

The number of middle school students is projected to grow more slowly than 

other student populations, resulting in a small decrease in local government 

educational services and a moderate decrease in private educational services. 

25-2023 Vocational education teachers, middle 

school 

A moderate decrease in private educational services and a small decrease in 

local government educational services are expected due to reduced funding for 

vocational education relative to funding for other areas of education. 

25-2031 Secondary school teachers, except 

special and vocational education 

A moderate decrease is anticipated in private educational services as the number 

of secondary school students is projected to grow more slowly than the 

postsecondary student population in this industry. 

25-2032 Vocational education teachers, 

secondary school 

Small to moderate decreases are expected in all industries as more emphasis is 

placed on academic achievement and accountability instead of vocational 

education. 

25-2040 Special education teachers A small increase is anticipated in local government educational services as an 

increasing number of students are classified as disabled. 

25-3021 Self-enrichment education teachers A rising trend toward lifelong learning is expected to spur small to moderate 

increases in almost all industries as the baby-boom generation enters retirement 

and has more leisure time to dedicate to self-enrichment. 

25-4021 Librarians Small to moderate decreases are expected in State, local, and private educational 

services as a result of the automation of library services and as libraries 

substitute more library technicians. 

25-9021 Farm and home management advisors Fewer farms and a shrinking farm population will result in small decreases in all 

industries. 

25-9031 Instructional coordinators A small increase is expected in private educational services due to changing 

curriculums. A small increase is expected in scientific research and 

development services due to an increased focus on improving education through 

research, as well as increasing Federal research funds. 

27-1014 Multi-media artists and animators A small increase is expected in newspaper, periodical, book, and directory 

publishers as firms retain multi-media artists and animators to generate more 

advertising revenue and improve the visual layout of their publications. A 

moderate decrease is anticipated in computer systems design and related 

services due to relatively faster growth in demand for hardware and software 

designers than for creative artists. A small decrease will occur in advertising 

and related services, an industry in which more workers are expected to work on 

a freelance or contract basis rather than as employees. 

27-1022 Fashion designers A moderate increase is expected in apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant 

wholesalers as wholesalers continue to expand their fashion design labels and 

enhance store branding by mass marketing clothing lines for distribution to their 

stores. A moderate increase is also expected in cut and sew apparel 

manufacturing as design work is retained while manufacturing moves offshore. 

27-1024 Graphic designers Moderate increases are expected in newspaper, periodical, book, and directory 

publishers, as well as in printing and related support activities, as graphic 

designers remain the principal creative talent for industry products and provide 

more graphics and visual images for Internet publications. 
147

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

27-1026 Merchandise displayers and window 

trimmers 

A moderate decrease in advertising and related services and small decreases in 

other support services and management, scientific, and technical consulting 

services are expected as more of this work is performed by freelance designers 

who work on a project-by-project basis rather than as in-house staff. 

27-1027 Set and exhibit designers A small decrease is expected in performing arts companies as many set and 

exhibit designers switch from salaried jobs to contract or freelance positions. 

27-1099 All other art and design workers A small decrease in Federal government is anticipated due to the tendency to 

contract out functions that are not inherently governmental. 

27-2011 Actors A small decrease will occur in the motion picture and video industries as these 

industries become more diversified and rely more on contract performers rather 

than wage and salary employees. 

27-2012 Producers and directors A small decrease is expected in radio and television broadcasting as 

consolidation and nationalization lead to fewer on-air producers and directors of 

broadcasts and telecasts. 

27-2031 Dancers A small decrease will occur in performing arts companies, other amusement and 

recreation industries, and private educational services as dance is expected to 

become a smaller proportion of these industries. 

27-2032 Choreographers A small decrease is expected in State, local, and private educational services as 

tight budgets affect subject areas outside core courses. 

27-3010 Announcers Moderate decreases will occur in all industries as the radio industry 

consolidates, increases syndication, and improves technology. 

27-3031 Public relations specialists Small to moderate increases are expected in all industries as companies take a 

proactive approach to avoiding bad public relations, building trust in their 

products, and raising their visibility. 

27-3041 Editors Small decreases are expected in business, professional, labor, political, and 

similar organizations; radio and television broadcasting; advertising and related 

services; and State, local, and private educational services as more editorial 

work is done by managers and others or by freelance contractors. 

27-3043 Writers and authors Small decreases are expected in religious organizations; advertising and related 

services; and State, local, and private educational services as writing work is 

increasingly contracted out. 

27-4013 Radio operators Small to moderate decreases will result in all industries due to improvements in 

technology, especially the replacement of two-way radios with cell phones. 

27-4021 Photographers Small decreases are expected in newspaper, periodical, book, and directory 

publishers and other professional, scientific, and technical services as digital 

photography becomes less expensive and more widely available and enables 

individuals to produce and print their own photographs more easily. 

29-1011 Chiropractors A small decrease is expected in offices of other health practitioners as demand 

for chiropractic services will grow more slowly than demand for other 

healthcare services provided by this industry. 

29-1020 Dentists A moderate decrease is expected in offices of dentists as dentists hire more 

dental assistants and dental hygienists to perform routine tasks. 

29-1031 Dietitians and nutritionists A moderate decrease in nursing care facilities and a small decrease in State 

government, excluding education and hospitals, are expected as these industries 

continue to contract out services or substitute lower cost labor. 

29-1041 Optometrists A moderate decrease is expected in offices of other health practitioners because 

demand for optometric care will not increase as rapidly as demand for other 

healthcare services provided by the industry. 
148

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

29-1051 Pharmacists Very large increases are expected in grocery, department, and other general 

merchandise stores because a rising proportion of these stores will have 

pharmacies. A moderate increase is expected in Federal government because 

more pharmacists will be needed to test the rising number of drugs and to help 

design and manage drug benefit plans for seniors. A moderate increase is 

expected in drugs and druggists’ sundries merchant wholesalers because, as 

demand for cheaper medications rises, pharmacists will increasingly sell drugs 

at the wholesale level, especially to mail-order pharmacies. 

29-1071 Physician assistants A large increase is expected in public and private hospitals, and a small increase 

is anticipated in offices of physicians, as these cost-effective workers provide a 

growing proportion of services previously provided by physicians. 

29-1081 Podiatrists A moderate decrease is expected in offices of other health practitioners, and a 

small decrease is anticipated in offices of physicians, as the demand for other 

healthcare services provided by these industries increases more rapidly than 

demand for podiatric services. 

29-1111 Registered nurses Small increases are expected in nursing care facilities; offices of physicians; 

Federal government; outpatient care centers; and State, local, and private 

educational services due to sustained demand for high-quality healthcare, an 

aging population, increased regulation, and increases in health research. 

29-1122 Occupational therapists A moderate increase in nursing care facilities and small increases in offices of 

other health practitioners and in public and private hospitals are expected as a 

more active and independent elderly population demands more services. 

29-1123 Physical therapists Small increases are expected in nursing care facilities and in public and private 

hospitals as a growing and aging population demands more therapy services. 

29-1124 Radiation therapists Small increases are expected in offices of physicians and public and private 

hospitals as the result of increasing demand for therapy to meet the needs of an 

aging population. 

29-1125 Recreational therapists Small to moderate decreases are expected in most industries as cost-containment 

pressures limit the provision of recreational therapy services. 

29-1126 Respiratory therapists A moderate increase will result in public and private hospitals as the aging 

population leads to a higher incidence of heart and pulmonary diseases, boosting 

demand for respiratory therapists. 

29-1127 Speech-language pathologists Small increases are expected in nursing care facilities and in public and private 

hospitals as the incidence of speech and language disorders related to strokes 

and other age-related conditions rises with the growing elderly population. 

29-2021 Dental hygienists A small increase is expected in offices of dentists as dentists delegate more tasks 

to dental hygienists. 

29-2031 Cardiovascular technologists and 

technicians 

A moderate increase is expected in public and private hospitals as the demand 

for cardiovascular procedures increases due to an aging population that is more 

susceptible to heart disease. 

29-2041 Emergency medical technicians and 

paramedics 

A small increase is expected in local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, because these workers will be increasingly likely to work as paid 

professionals instead of volunteers. 

29-2052 Pharmacy technicians Large increases are expected in grocery, department, and other general 

merchandise stores because a rising proportion of these stores will have 

pharmacies. A small increase in health and personal care stores will result as 

pharmacy technicians increasingly take on routine tasks, such as counting pills 

and labeling containers. 

29-2054 Respiratory therapy technicians A moderate increase is expected in public and private hospitals as the aging 

population incurs a higher incidence of heart and pulmonary diseases, boosting 

demand for respiratory therapy technicians. 
149

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

29-2055 Surgical technologists Small increases will result in offices of physicians and in public and private 

hospitals as cost-effective surgical technologists replace other personnel in the 

operating room. 

29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed 

vocational nurses 

Small decreases are expected in public and private hospitals, offices of 

physicians, and community care facilities as establishments substitute nursing or 

other health aides to provide nursing care. 

29-2071 Medical records and health 

information technicians 

A large increase in offices of physicians and small increases in nursing care 

facilities and public and private hospitals are expected as these establishments 

work to meet increasingly complex and demanding requirements for health 

information and insurance accountability. 

29-2081 Opticians, dispensing A moderate decrease is expected in offices of other health practitioners because 

demand for optometric care will not increase as rapidly as demand for other 

healthcare services provided by the industry. 

31-1011 Home health aides Moderate increases are anticipated in community care facilities for the elderly, 

nursing care facilities, and other residential care facilities as these facilities 

increasingly utilize home health aides to provide care for residents. 

31-2011 Occupational therapist assistants A moderate increase in offices of other health practitioners and a small increase 

in nursing care facilities will occur as a more active and independent elderly 

population demands more therapy services. 

31-2012 Occupational therapist aides Moderate increases will result in nursing care facilities and offices of other 

health practitioners as a more active and independent elderly population 

demands more therapy services. 

31-2021 Physical therapist assistants A moderate increase is expected in public and private hospitals, and small 

increases are anticipated in offices of other health practitioners and nursing care 

facilities, as a growing and aging population demands more therapy services. 

31-2022 Physical therapist aides A moderate increase in offices of other health practitioners, and small increases 

are anticipated in nursing care facilities and public and private hospitals, as a 

growing and aging population demands more therapy services. 

31-9091 Dental assistants A small increase in offices of dentists is expected as dentists continue to 

delegate routine tasks to dental assistants. 

31-9092 Medical assistants A moderate increase in offices of physicians, a large increase in public and 

private hospitals, and a small increase in offices of other health practitioners are 

expected as these flexible and relatively low cost workers are increasingly 

utilized. 

31-9094 Medical transcriptionists A small decrease is expected in public and private hospitals as more hospitals 

invest in speech-recognition and other technologies that allow for faster 

dissemination of medical reports and charts. These technologies will increase 

productivity and reduce the need for transcriptionists. 

31-9096 Veterinary assistants and laboratory 

animal caretakers 

A small decrease will result in other professional, scientific, and technical 

services as these workers are replaced by more highly skilled veterinary 

technicians and technologists. 

33-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of 

correctional officers 

A small increase is expected in Federal government as prisoner populations 

continue to rise. A small increase also is expected in State government, 

excluding education and hospitals, because State penal facilities tend to harbor 

criminals serving long sentences with little likelihood of parole. 

33-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of 

police and detectives 

Growth in the number of law-enforcement officers will result in moderate 

increases for Federal government and State government, excluding education 

and hospitals. 
150

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

33-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of 

firefighting and prevention workers 

A small increase is expected in local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, as local governments assume an increasing amount of firefighting 

duties and as the number of paid professional firefighters increases. 

33-2011 Firefighters Small increases will result in State and local government, excluding education 

and hospitals, as more firefighting duties are delegated to State and local 

governments and as more firefighters become paid professionals. 

33-3012 Correctional officers and jailers A moderate increase is expected in State government, excluding education and 

hospitals, because State penal facilities tend to harbor criminals serving long 

sentences with little likelihood of parole. A moderate increase also is expected 

in Federal government as prisoner populations increase because of mandatory 

sentences with less likelihood of parole. A moderate increase is expected in 

facilities support services as these firms benefit from increased government 

outsourcing of correctional services. 

33-3021 Detectives and criminal investigators A large increase in Federal government and a small increase in State 

government, excluding education and hospitals, are expected due to the 

increasing need for improved intelligence and security. 

33-3051 Police and sheriff’s patrol officers Small increases in State and local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, and a large increase in Federal government are expected as increasing 

emphasis is placed on public safety and security. 

33-9021 Private detectives and investigators A moderate increase in investigation and security services and small decreases 

in most other industries are expected as firms increasingly outsource 

investigative work. 

35-1011 Chefs and head cooks Small to moderate decreases are expected in limited-service eating places, 

traveler accommodation, other amusement and recreation industries, and 

drinking places (places that serve alcoholic beverages) as simplified menus 

reduce the demand for skilled chefs and head cooks. A small increase will result 

in special food services as the growing number of small establishments increases 

demand for chefs and head cooks. 

35-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of 

food preparation and serving 

workers 

Small to moderate decreases will occur in nursing care facilities; public and 

private hospitals; traveler accommodation; State, local, and private educational 

services; and other amusement and recreation industries as these establishments 

hire outside contractors to provide food services. Small increases are expected 

in special food services and grocery stores due to growing demand for catered, 

preprepared food and food service contractors. 

35-2011 Cooks, fast food A small decrease is expected in limited-service eating places due to the 

increased use of preprepared food. A small decrease is anticipated in fullservice restaurants, where food preparation will require more skill than these 

workers typically possess. 

35-2012 Cooks, institution and cafeteria As establishments increasingly use outside contractors to provide food services, 

moderate decreases will result in all industries except special food services, in 

which a small increase is anticipated as these firms benefit from increased 

outsourcing by other industries. 

35-2014 Cooks, restaurant A moderate decrease is expected in other amusement and recreation industries 

because food service is not expected to grow as rapidly as other portions of the 

industry. A small decrease will occur in limited-service eating places as 

simplified menus reduce the demand for these workers. 

35-2015 Cooks, short order Small decreases are expected in full-service restaurants, limited-service eating 

places, and other amusement and recreation industries due to relatively slower 

growth in demand for short-order cooking. 
151

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

35-2021 Food preparation workers A small increase is expected in full-service restaurants due to an increasing 

share of casual family-dining establishments that rely heavily on these workers. 

A moderate increase is expected in grocery stores as more prepared foods are 

offered as a convenience. Small to moderate decreases are expected in 

community care facilities for the elderly; public and private hospitals; nursing 

care facilities; and State, local, and private educational services as these 

establishments use outside contractors to provide food services. 

35-3011 Bartenders Small decreases will result in all industries, except drinking places (places that 

serve alcoholic beverages), as establishments eliminate full bar service. 

35-3021 Combined food preparation and 

serving workers, including fast food 

A small increase is expected in limited-service eating places as more work is 

done by workers who can combine steps and improve efficiency. A small 

decrease is expected in full-service restaurants because workers in this industry 

are more likely to be specialized. 

35-3022 Counter attendants, cafeteria, food 

concession, and coffee shop 

Small decreases are expected in traveler accommodation and in motion picture 

and video industries due to outsourcing. A small decrease will also occur in 

full-service restaurants due to the elimination of counter service. 

35-3031 Waiters and waitresses A small decrease is expected in traveler accommodation as these establishments 

use outside contractors to provide food services. A small decrease also is 

anticipated in limited-service eating places due to a reduction in table service. 

35-3041 Food servers, nonrestaurant Small decreases are anticipated in all industries as establishments use outside 

contractors to provide food services. 

35-9011 Dining room and cafeteria attendants 

and bartender helpers 

Small to moderate decreases are anticipated in all industries except full-service 

restaurants due to the contracting out of food services and relatively faster 

growth in less formal, more limited food services arrangements, which tend not 

to employ many in this occupation. 

35-9031 Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, 

lounge, and coffee shop 

A small decrease is expected in traveler accommodation as these establishments 

increasingly seek outside contractors to provide food services. A small decrease 

will result in limited-service eating places due to a reduction in table service 

arrangements that use these workers. 

35-9098 All other food preparation and serving 

related workers 

Small decreases are expected in State, local, and private educational services; 

traveler accommodation; nursing care facilities; and public and private hospitals 

as these establishments use outside contractors to provide food services. A 

small decrease in full-service restaurants is expected due to the trend to employ 

workers with more clearly defined duties. 

37-2021 Pest control workers A small decrease is expected in services to buildings and dwellings as 

technological advances increase worker productivity. 

37-3011 Landscaping and groundskeeping 

workers 

Increasing homeownership in subdivisions and complexes with common areas 

to maintain is expected to contribute to a small increase in services to buildings 

and dwellings. 

37-3013 Tree trimmers and pruners A small decrease is expected in local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, as work is increasingly contracted out. 

37-9099 All other building and grounds 

cleaning and maintenance workers 

A small decrease is expected in local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, as work is increasingly contracted out. 

39-1011 Gaming supervisors A small increase will result in traveler accommodation as the proportion of 

lodging establishments that offer gaming increases. 

39-1012 Slot key persons A small increase is expected in traveler accommodation as the proportion of 

lodging establishments that offer gaming increases. 

39-3011 Gaming dealers A small increase is expected in traveler accommodation as the proportion of 

lodging establishments that offer gaming increases. 
152

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

39-3012 Gaming and sports book writers and 

runners 

A small increase is anticipated in traveler accommodation as the proportion of 

lodging establishments that offer gaming increases. A small increase will occur 

in spectator sports as gambling activities at these venues become more 

widespread. 

39-3021 Motion picture projectionists Moderate decreases are expected in all industries due to technology that allows 

projectionists to oversee multiple screens at the same time. 

39-3031 Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket 

takers 

Small decreases are expected in all industries as technologies such as Internet 

and automated ticket purchasing diminish the need for these workers. 

39-4021 Funeral attendants A small increase is expected in death-care services due to the growing need for 

persons to assist funeral directors in the many tasks involved with funeral 

services, including helping individuals cope with their loss during the funeral. 

39-5012 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and 

cosmetologists 

A small decrease is expected in department stores as beauty shops become less 

prevalent in those stores. 

39-6011 Baggage porters and bellhops A small decrease will occur in traveler accommodation as economy and all-suite 

hotels grow in popularity compared with full-service hotels. 

39-6032 Transportation attendants, except 

flight attendants and baggage porters

Small to moderate increases will result in scheduled air transportation and travel 

arrangement and reservation services as these workers are given more 

responsibility for safety and security. 

39-9021 Personal and home care aides A moderate increase is expected in individual and family services as demand for 

adult daycare and homemaker services grows. A small increase in private 

households is expected due to increasing demand for services from an aging 

population. 

39-9031 Fitness trainers and aerobics 

instructors 

A moderate increase is expected in other amusement and recreation industries 

due to a greater concern for health and fitness, resulting in the rapid growth of 

health clubs. 

39-9099 Personal care and service workers, all 

other 

Moderate increases are expected in civic and social organizations, individual 

and family services, nursing care facilities, vocational rehabilitation services, 

and community care facilities for the elderly as an aging population increases 

the need for adult daycare, homemaker, and other social services. 

41-2022 Parts salespersons Small to moderate decreases are expected in all industries due to increasing 

automation resulting from the use of the Internet, electronic commerce, and 

electronic data interchange. 

41-3031 Securities, commodities, and financial 

services sales agents 

A small decrease is expected in securities and commodity contracts 

intermediation and brokerage as the industry becomes more automated. A small 

increase is expected in depository credit intermediation due to industry 

deregulation, which allows securities, commodities, and financial services sales 

agents to offer a wider range of products. 

41-3041 Travel agents Small decreases are expected in all industries due to the automation of travel 

arrangement services and the increased use of the Internet for travel bookings. 

41-9011 Demonstrators and product promoters Small increases will occur across most industries, reflecting the increased use of 

demonstrations as an alternative or complement to other forms of marketing. 

41-9012 Models Small to moderate increases are expected across most industries as the increased 

volume of catalog and Internet sales requires more models to advertise 

merchandise. 

41-9041 Telemarketers Moderate decreases are expected in all industries as more people are given the 

opportunity to opt out of receiving telemarketing calls through no-call lists and 

the increased use of technology such as caller ID and devices that block calls. 
153

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

43-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of 

office and administrative support 

workers 

Small decreases are expected in all industries as automation and technology 

increase the productivity of the workers of these supervisors, reducing the 

number of office and administrative support workers and hence the need for 

supervisors. 

43-2011 Switchboard operators, including 

answering service 

Small to moderate decreases are expected in all industries due to advances in 

voice recognition and other technologies. 

43-2021 Telephone operators Very large decreases are expected in all industries with the elimination of 

operator jobs due to automated information systems, voice-recognition 

technology, and the movement of operator jobs to other countries. 

43-2099 All other communications equipment 

operators 

Large decreases are expected in all industries with the elimination of jobs due to 

automated communications systems. 

43-3011 Bill and account collectors Small increases in all industries will occur as companies place greater emphasis 

on getting bills collected. 

43-3021 Billing and posting clerks and 

machine operators 

Automation will simplify the billing process, resulting in small decreases in all 

industries except accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll 

services—the industry in which companies are taking on the billing function as 

part of their services. 

43-3031 Bookkeeping, accounting, and 

auditing clerks 

Small decreases will result in all industries from the greater use of computers to 

simplify accounting processes. 

43-3041 Gaming cage workers Small decreases are expected in most industries due to the increased use of 

debitlike cards and other noncash payment mechanisms in place of cash. 

43-3051 Payroll and timekeeping clerks The implementation of automated timekeeping systems will result in small 

decreases in all industries except accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and 

payroll services, which will benefit from outsourcing of payroll functions by 

other industries. 

43-3061 Procurement clerks The increased use of electronic commerce and the Internet to make purchases 

will result in small to moderate decreases in all industries. 

43-4011 Brokerage clerks Moderate to large decreases are expected in all industries due to growth of 

online trading. 

43-4021 Correspondence clerks Small to moderate decreases will occur across all industries due to productivity 

gains from the electronic handling of accounts and correspondence. 

43-4041 Credit authorizers, checkers, and 

clerks 

Moderate decreases will result in all industries as credit checking becomes 

highly automated, with new software that quickly analyzes credit histories. 

43-4051 Customer service representatives A small increase will result in depository credit intermediation as marketing and 

customer service play an increasing role at banks. 

43-4061 Eligibility interviewers, government 

programs 

Moderate decreases will occur in all industries as government programs, such as 

welfare, continue to be reformed and the role of government is decreased. 

43-4071 File clerks Moderate decreases are anticipated in all industries due to automation and the 

consolidation of recordkeeping functions. 

43-4111 Interviewers, except eligibility and 

loan 

A small increase is expected in public and private hospitals, as admitting clerks 

take on more functions. 

43-4121 Library assistants, clerical A small increase will result in local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, as library assistants take on tasks formerly performed by librarians. 

43-4131 Loan interviewers and clerks Moderate decreases will result in all industries as the process of applying and 

determining one’s eligibility for a loan becomes increasingly automated and as 

simpler credit-scoring systems further reduce the need for personal followups. 
154

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

43-4151 Order clerks Moderate decreases are expected in all industries except electronic shopping and 

mail-order houses as electronic commerce continues to expand and affect all 

transactions between consumers, businesses, and government, reducing the need 

for these clerks. 

43-4171 Receptionists and information clerks A small decrease is expected in offices of physicians due to the trend toward 

larger group practices, in which many practitioners share the services of one 

receptionist. An increasing number of independently operated beauty salons 

will result in a moderate increase in personal care services. 

43-4181 Reservation and transportation ticket 

agents and travel clerks 

A small decrease is expected in scheduled air transportation due to the 

increasing adoption of electronic ticketing and other technological advances. 

43-4999 All other financial, information, and 

record clerks 

Small decreases are anticipated in all industries due to increased automation of 

recordkeeping. 

43-5011 Cargo and freight agents Small decreases will result in most industries as technological improvements 

boost productivity. 

43-5021 Couriers and messengers Small to moderate decreases will occur in all industries. Despite an increasing 

volume of parcels and documents that must be handled and delivered as the 

economy expands, demand for these workers will continue to be adversely 

affected by the more widespread use of electronic information handling 

technologies such as e-mail and fax. 

43-5032 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and 

ambulance 

Small decreases will result in most industries due to the increased use of 

automated dispatching devices such as computers and global positioning 

systems. 

43-5041 Meter readers, utilities Moderate decreases are expected in all industries as automated meter-reading 

systems are increasingly used to improve productivity. 

43-5053 Postal service mail sorters, processors, 

and processing machine operators 

A small decrease is expected in the Postal Service due to the increasing 

automation of mail sorting. 

43-5071 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks Small decreases will result in all industries as increased automation, such as 

hand-held scanners and personal computers, boosts productivity. 

43-5081 Stock clerks and order fillers Small to moderate decreases are expected in all industries as the widespread use 

of computerized inventory control and other automated equipment improves 

productivity. 

43-5199 All other material recording, 

scheduling, dispatching, and 

distributing workers 

Moderate decreases will occur in all industries as the growing use of barcodes, 

scanners, and computerized recordkeeping software increases productivity. 

43-6011 Executive secretaries and 

administrative assistants 

Small decreases are anticipated across all industries due to the increased use of 

word-processing and other computer-related programs that allow other workers 

to do the work formerly done by these workers. 

43-6013 Medical secretaries Small decreases are anticipated across all industries due to the increased use of 

word-processing and other computer-related programs that allow other workers 

to do the work formerly done by these workers. 

43-6014 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and 

executive 

Moderate decreases are expected across all industries due to the adoption of 

word-processing and other computer-related programs that allow other workers 

to do the work formerly done by these workers. 

43-9011 Computer operators Moderate to large decreases will result across all industries due to the 

automation of systems and a shift in computer operation duties to other workers. 

43-9021 Data entry keyers Moderate to large decreases are expected in most industries due to the increased 

use of technology such as barcode scanners and voice- and character-recognition 

systems and because more data entry will be handled by other workers. 
155

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

43-9022 Word processors and typists Very large decreases will result across all industries due to improvements in 

technology that allow other workers to perform these tasks. 

43-9031 Desktop publishers Moderate increases will occur across all industries due to improvements in 

technology that will continue to simplify the process of creating publicationready material. 

43-9041 Insurance claims and policy 

processing clerks 

Small decreases are expected in all industries as computer technology boosts 

productivity. 

43-9051 Mail clerks and mail machine 

operators, except postal service 

Moderate decreases are expected across all industries as more communications 

are sent electronically. 

43-9071 Office machine operators, except 

computer 

Moderate decreases are anticipated across all industries as a result of 

computerization and easier-to-use technology that allow other workers to do the 

work formerly done by these workers. 

43-9081 Proofreaders and copy markers Small to moderate decreases are expected in all industries as proofreading 

software helps authors and writers proof their own work. 

43-9111 Statistical assistants Moderate decreases are expected across all industries as employers substitute 

workers with broader skills and as more powerful statistical software reduces the 

need for statistical assistants. 

43-9999 All other secretaries, administrative 

assistants, and other office support 

workers 

Moderate decreases will result in all industries from continuing automation that 

simplifies many of the tasks performed by these workers or allows other workers 

to do work previously done by these workers. 

45-1000 Supervisors, farming, fishing, and 

forestry workers 

Small increases are expected in crop and animal production, as these industries 

increasingly convert from independent farming to incorporated entities. 

45-2091 Agricultural equipment operators Small increases are expected in crop production and support activities for 

agriculture and forestry as an increasing number of farms are incorporated and 

less work is performed by self-employed farmers. 

45-2093 Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals A moderate increase is expected in animal production as an increasing number 

of farms are incorporated. 

45-4011 Forest and conservation workers A small decrease is expected in local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, as the result of local government budgetary constraints and a shift of 

work to State agencies. 

47-2011 Boilermakers Small decreases will occur across all industries due to the use of small boilers 

which generally require less assembly, and due to the assumption of some 

boilermaker duties by workers in other occupations. 

47-2043 Floor sanders and finishers A small decrease will result in all industries as the increased use of prefinished 

flooring replaces some sanded-in-place flooring. 

47-2044 Tile and marble setters Increased popularity of tiles and marble will result in small to moderate 

increases across all industries. 

47-2051 Cement masons and concrete finishers Small increases are expected across all industries due to increasing use of 

cement for its durability and strength. 

47-2081 Drywall and ceiling tile installers Small to moderate increases are expected across all industries due to 

occupational specialization taking away some of this work from carpenters and 

other construction workers, who sometimes do drywall and ceiling tile work. 

47-2082 Tapers Small increases are expected across all industries due to the increased use of 

occupational specialists to perform taping work previously performed by some 

carpenters and other construction workers. 

47-2111 Electricians Small to moderate increases are expected across all industries except building 

equipment contractors as new technologies increase the demand for electricians 

to install electrical-related technology and upgrade existing installations. 
156

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

47-2142 Paperhangers A small decrease is expected in building finishing contractors as the demand for 

wallpapering is not likely to grow as rapidly as that for other services provided 

by the industry. 

47-3011 Helpers—brickmasons, blockmasons, 

stonemasons and tile and marble 

setters 

Small decreases will result across all industries due to more efficient building 

methods and the use of apprentices rather than helpers. 

47-3015 Helpers—pipelayers, plumbers, 

pipefitters, and steamfitters 

More efficient building methods and the use of apprentices rather than helpers 

will result in a small increase in building equipment contractors. 

47-4011 Construction and building inspectors A small increase will occur in architectural, engineering, and related services 

due to the increasing use of home inspectors in real estate transactions. 

47-4041 Hazardous materials removal workers A small increase is anticipated in all industries due to a growing awareness of 

hazardous materials—especially mold—and their effects, which will increase 

the demand for removal of these materials from the environment. 

47-4061 Rail-track laying and maintenance 

equipment operators 

Small decreases will result in all industries as improved tracklaying equipment 

boosts productivity. 

47-5051 Rock splitters, quarry A small increase is anticipated in nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying as 

more of these workers are needed to extract stone and gravel to meet the 

growing needs of construction projects. 

49-2011 Computer, automated teller, and office 

machine repairers 

Small decreases are expected in most industries, as a result of increasing 

productivity and more reliable computers, automated teller machines, and other 

office equipment. 

49-2021 Radio mechanics Large decreases are expected in all industries as radio communications systems 

are replaced with cell-phone-based systems. 

49-2022 Telecommunications equipment 

installers and repairers, except line 

installers 

Small decreases are expected in most industries as technological improvements 

such as higher capacity switches and routers increase productivity. 

49-2091 Avionics technicians A small to moderate increase is expected in aerospace product and parts 

manufacturing as these firms increasingly perform repairs. A small decrease is 

expected in scheduled air transportation as these firms increasingly outsource 

repair work. 

49-2092 Electric motor, power tool, and related 

repairers 

Small decreases are expected in most industries due to improvements in 

electrical motor design that make motors more reliable and easier to repair. 

49-2097 Electronic home entertainment 

equipment installers and repairers 

Small decreases are expected in most industries, primarily as a result of the 

lower maintenance requirements of equipment with microelectronic circuitry. 

49-3011 Aircraft mechanics and service 

technicians 

Small decreases are expected in scheduled air transportation and Federal 

government as these industries increasingly outsource repair work. A small 

increase is expected in support activities for air transportation as these firms 

benefit from increased outsourcing by other industries. A moderate increase is 

expected in aerospace product and parts manufacturing as these firms 

increasingly perform repair work. 

49-3023 Automotive service technicians and 

mechanics 

A moderate increase is expected in automotive parts, accessories, and tire stores 

as these stores offer a broader array of automotive services, such as oil changes. 

A moderate decrease is expected in gasoline stations as they focus on other 

services, such as carwashes and convenience store amenities, rather than repair 

services. 
157

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

49-3031 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel 

engine specialists 

Small decreases are expected in most industries as firms increasingly contract 

out repair services. However, a small increase is expected in automotive repair 

and maintenance as these shops provide more contract repair services. A small 

increase is also expected in motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies 

merchant wholesalers because an increasing number of diesel-trained mechanics 

and specialists will be needed to repair and tune the growing number of dieselpowered vehicles.

49-3043 Rail car repairers A small decrease is expected in railroad transportation due to the consolidation 

of worker responsibilities. 

49-9021 Heating, air-conditioning, and 

refrigeration mechanics and 

installers 

Small to moderate increases are expected across all industries as maintenance, 

repair, and retrofitting of heating, air-conditioning, and ventilation equipment 

become higher priorities for customers due to unstable or increasing energy 

prices and greater energy consciousness. 

49-9041 Industrial machinery mechanics Small increases will result in all industries as technology is increasingly 

implemented in production facilities, thereby stimulating the demand for 

mechanics to install, repair, and maintain machinery. 

49-9061 Camera and photographic equipment 

repairers 

Moderate decreases will occur in all industries as digital camera technology 

improves and prices of new cameras fall, making more cameras cheaper to 

replace than repair. 

49-9063 Musical instrument repairers and 

tuners 

A small decrease is expected in sporting good, hobby, and musical instrument 

stores because growth in demand for musical instruments will remain closely 

tied to population growth. 

49-9064 Watch repairers A small decrease is expected in jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores 

because most watches are not worth repairing. 

49-9091 Coin, vending, and amusement 

machine servicers and repairers 

A moderate increase is expected in grocery and related product wholesalers as 

consumers increasingly prefer the convenience of coin-operated vending 

machines. A small increase is expected in other amusement and recreation 

industries in response to increasing demand for coin-operated vending and 

amusement machines. 

49-9095 Manufactured building and mobile 

installers 

Increasing sales of manufactured and mobile homes relative to standard housing 

will result in small increases across all industries. 

51-2021 Coil winders, tapers, and finishers Small to moderate decreases will result in all industries as other technologies 

replace coils and as more productive equipment is introduced. 

51-2022 Electrical and electronic equipment 

assemblers 

Small to moderate decreases are expected in all industries as more productive 

equipment and manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition 

persists. 

51-2023 Electromechanical equipment 

assemblers 

Small decreases are anticipated in all industries as more productive equipment 

and manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-2031 Engine and other machine assemblers Small decreases are anticipated in all industries as more productive equipment 

and manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-2041 Structural metal fabricators and fitters Small decreases will result in most industries as more efficient equipment and

manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-2092 Team assemblers Small decreases will result in all industries as more efficient equipment and 

manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-2099 All other assemblers and fabricators Moderate decreases will occur in all industries as more productive equipment 

and manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-3021 Butchers and meat cutters A moderate decrease in grocery stores and a small decrease in specialty food 

stores are expected as more retail stores buy prepackaged meats. 
158

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

51-4021 Extruding and drawing machine 

setters, operators, and tenders, metal 

and plastic 

Small decreases will result in most industries as more productive equipment and 

manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-4022 Forging machine setters, operators, 

and tenders, metal and plastic 

Small decreases will occur in all industries as more productive equipment and 

manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-4052 Pourers and casters, metal Small decreases will result in all industries as more efficient equipment and 

manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-4111 Tool and die makers Small decreases will result in all industries due to advances in automation, 

including CNC machine tools and computer-aided design, that will increase 

productivity. 

51-4194 Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners Small to moderate decreases are expected in all industries due to the increasing 

use of replaceable cutting tools. 

51-4199 All other metal workers and plastic 

workers 

Small decreases are expected in most industries as more productive equipment 

and manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-5011 Bindery workers Small to moderate decreases are expected in most industries as bindery work is 

shifted to printing press operators. 

51-5022 Prepress technicians and workers Small to moderate decreases will occur in all industries as digital technology 

increases efficiency and allows much of this work to be done by clients. 

51-6011 Laundry and dry-cleaning workers Small decreases are expected in nursing care facilities and in public and private 

hospitals as these industries increasingly outsource laundry services. 

51-6041 Shoe and leather workers and repairers A small decrease is expected in other leather and allied product manufacturing 

as people increasingly prefer to buy relatively cheap new shoes instead of 

repairing old shoes. 

51-6042 Shoe machine operators and tenders Increasing offshore production and rising imports will lead to a small decrease 

in all industries. 

51-6052 Tailors, dressmakers, and custom 

sewers 

Small to moderate decreases will occur in most industries as customers continue 

to purchase new, ready-to-wear items instead of having older clothes altered, 

repaired, or made from scratch. 

51-6062 Textile cutting machine setters, 

operators, and tenders 

Advances in production technology will increase productivity, resulting in small 

decreases in most industries. 

51-6091 Extruding and forming machine 

setters, operators, and tenders, 

synthetic and glass fibers 

A small increase will occur in fiber, yarn, and thread mills due to increasing 

demand for synthetic fiber relative to other fibers. 

51-6092 Fabric and apparel patternmakers A small decrease is expected in cut and sew apparel manufacturing due to 

increased productivity in patternmaking by using computer-aided design. 

51-6093 Upholsterers As manufacturers become more automated and efficient in producing furniture 

and automotive seat coverings that are more durable, moderate decreases will 

occur across all industries. 

51-7040 Woodworking, machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, except 

sawing 

Small decreases are expected in all industries due to the introduction of more 

efficient machinery and manufacturing processes. 

51-7041 Sawing machine setters, operators, 

and tenders, wood 

Small decreases are expected in all industries due to the introduction of more 

productive higher capacity machinery. 

51-7099 All other woodworkers Small decreases will result in all industries due to the introduction of more 

productive machinery and manufacturing processes. 
159

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

51-8012 Power distributors and dispatchers A small decrease is expected in local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, as the result of increasing automation. 

51-8021 Stationary engineers and boiler 

operators 

A small decrease is expected in most industries. Although commercial and 

industrial development will increase the number of systems to monitor and 

maintain, increased automation will boost worker productivity. 

51-8031 Water and liquid waste treatment plant 

and system operators 

A moderate increase is expected in water, sewage, and other systems as Federal 

guidelines on operator certification cause many existing and new small 

communities to contract out plant operations to firms in this sector. 

51-8092 Gas plant operators Moderate to large increases are expected in natural-gas distribution, the pipeline 

transportation of natural gas, and electric power generation, transmission and 

distribution as automation decreases the need for other workers in these 

industries. There is usually only one plant operator per facility, so it is not often 

possible to eliminate gas plant operators. 

51-9021 Crushing, grinding, and polishing 

machine setters, operators, and 

tenders 

Small decreases are expected in most industries as more productive equipment 

and manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-9023 Mixing and blending machine setters, 

operators, and tenders 

Small decreases are expected in most industries as more productive equipment 

and manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-9041 Extruding, forming, pressing, and 

compacting machine setters, 

operators, and tenders 

Small decreases are expected in most industries as more productive equipment 

and manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

51-9061 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, 

and weighers 

Small decreases are anticipated in most industries as production workers 

increasingly perform quality inspections in addition to their other duties. 

51-9071 Jewelers and precious stone and metal 

workers 

A small increase will occur in other miscellaneous manufacturing. While some 

technological advances have rendered jewelrymaking more efficient, many tasks 

cannot be fully automated. 

51-9081 Dental laboratory technicians A moderate decrease is expected in offices of dentists as more work is 

contracted out to dental laboratories. 

51-9083 Ophthalmic laboratory technicians Small to moderate decreases are expected in offices of other health practitioners, 

employment services, and health and personal care stores due to increased 

automation of lensmaking machinery, which boosts productivity. 

51-9131 Photographic process workers Small decreases are expected in all industries as digital technology makes it 

easier for individuals to print, copy, and alter photographs with the use of 

personal computers and equipment. 

51-9132 Photographic processing machine 

operators 

Small decreases are expected in all industries as digital technology makes it 

easier for individuals to print, copy, and alter photographs with the use of 

personal computers and equipment. 

51-9198 Helpers—production workers Small decreases are expected in most industries as more efficient equipment and 

manufacturing processes are used and strong foreign competition persists. 

53-2011 Airline pilots, copilots, and flight 

engineers 

A moderate increase is expected in couriers because of increasing security 

requirements for shipping freight on scheduled air carriers. 

53-2021 Air traffic controllers A small increase is expected in Federal government due to an anticipated 

increase in commercial aircraft traffic. 

53-3011 Ambulance drivers and attendants, 

except emergency medical 

technicians 

A moderate decrease is expected in other ambulatory healthcare services 

because these workers are concentrated in a portion of the industry that will not 

grow as rapidly as the rest of the industry. 
160

Table IV–3. Factors changing occupational utilization 2002–12—Continued

Matrix code Matrix occupation title Factors changing occupational utilization 

53-3031 Driver/sales workers Small decreases are expected across most industries as companies increasingly 

shift sales, ordering, and customer service tasks to sales and office staffs and use 

regular truck drivers to make deliveries to customers. 

53-4021 Railroad brake, signal, and switch 

operators 

Moderate decreases are expected in all industries due to technological 

improvements and the consolidation of job responsibilities. 

53-4039 Subway, streetcar operators and all 

other rail transportation workers 

A moderate increase is expected in rail transportation due to increasing demand 

for passenger rail transit in many municipalities. 

53-6031 Service station attendants Small decreases will result in all industries due to the continued shift to selfservice. 

53-7051 Industrial truck and tractor operators Small decreases are expected in most industries due to the growing automation 

of material handling in factories and warehouses. 

53-7061 Cleaners of vehicles and equipment Small decreases will result in all industries from technological improvements in 

cleaning equipment that raise productivity. 

53-7062 Laborers and freight, stock, and 

material movers, hand 

Small to moderate decreases are expected in all industries due to automation and 

advances in material-moving machinery and equipment. 

53-7063 Machine feeders and offbearers Small decreases are expected in most industries due to the automation of 

machine-tending tasks. 

53-7081 Refuse and recyclable material 

collectors 

A small decrease is expected in local government, excluding education and 

hospitals, due to the increased outsourcing of refuse collection to independent 

contractors. 

53-7111 Shuttle car operators The increased use of technology, such as conveyor belts that reduce the need for 

shuttle cars, will lead to a small decrease in coal mining. 

53-7199 Material moving workers, all other Small decreases are anticipated in most industries due to more productive 

material-handling machinery and procedures. 
161

Chapter V. Estimating Occupational 

Replacement Needs 

Information about projected job openings by occupation—

openings resulting from employment growth or the need to 

replace workers who leave an occupation—has many important applications. For example, students and vocational 

counselors use this kind of information to make career 

choice decisions, planners of training programs use it to 

develop education policies, and personnel specialists use it 

to plan their recruiting efforts. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has provided information on employment growth 

biennially through its occupational outlook program for 

more than 50 years. In 1992, the Bureau resumed estimating job openings resulting from replacement needs. 

After completing a comprehensive research effort, BLS

analysts concluded that two definitions and two estimates of 

separations were needed to provide appropriate information 

on replacement needs for different users. The first type of 

estimate, total separations, measures all individuals who 

leave their occupation. The second, net separations, measures the net movements of new and experienced workers 

into and out of occupations. Both measures of separations 

use data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). After 

developing historical total and net separation rates, the Bureau calculates projected total and net replacement rates in 

order to estimate future total and net replacement needs for 

each occupation in the national employment matrix. 

Concepts and definitions 

During the past several decades, a variety of concepts has 

been used to calculate estimates of occupational replacement needs, a component of job openings. These different 

concepts result in significantly different estimates of separations for the same occupation that often have confused 

users of the information. This section briefly summarizes 

the concepts currently used by the Bureau to calculate replacement needs. Figure 1 illustrates the differences between total and net separations. For each age group, the 

figure shows total and net occupational entrants and separations between February 1999 and February 2000. Younger 

age groups exhibit an excess of total entrants over total 

separations as a larger number of young persons begin 

working in an occupation than leave one. This excess is referred to as net entrants. Likewise, the excess of total separations over total entrants in older age groups is referred to 

as net separations. 

Total separations. Total separations identify the flow of 

individuals leaving an occupation, for any reason whatsoever, without regard to persons entering the occupation. 

Total separations are the larger measure of separations. 

During a given period, individuals may leave an occupation 

for a variety of reasons. Some become employed in a different occupation as a result of a promotion; a desire to 

change careers; the loss of an existing job; the need for a 

different job while attending school, while training, or 

while caring for one’s family; or some other reason. Others 

who leave an occupation stop working altogether because 

they retire, desire more time for leisure or for an extended 

vacation, assume family responsibilities, return to school, 

move out of a particular geographic area, become ill, or 

have some other reason for leaving. If employment in an 

occupation is to increase or remain the same, those individuals who left the occupation must be replaced. In this 

case, total occupational separations are the replacement 

needs. If employment is declining, however, occupational 

separations exceed replacement needs by the amount of decline in employment, because some persons who leave the 

occupation are not replaced. (Individuals who change employers, but remain employed in the same occupationthe 

sum of which events often are referred to as “turnover”are not included in counts of replacement needs, 

because job changes by these individuals have no impact on 

the number of openings for persons wishing to enter an occupation.) 

Net separations. Net separations summarize movements of 

workers into and out of an occupation over a specific period. If employment is not declining, net separations approximate the number of persons who permanently leave an 

occupation: net separations quantify the need for new entrants and, if training is required, identify minimum training 

requirements. 

Employment data, by age, at two points in time are 

used to estimate net separations. For example, occupational employment, by age, is prepared for a base year and 

for 5 years later. Employment figures for each age group in 

the base year are then compared with employment figures 

for the group that is 5 years older. For instance, in a given 

occupation, employment in the base year for the 55- to 59-

year-old group is compared with employment 5 years later 

for the 60- to 64-year-old group. If employment has increased from the base-year age group to the 5-year-older 

age group, then the increase measures net entrants into the 

occupation for the latter group, and net separations from the 

occupation for that age group are zero. If, instead, employment has declined from the base-year age group to the 

5-year-older age group, the decline is recorded as net separations from that occupation for the latter group. The total 

net separations from the occupation in question are then the 

sum of the net separations from that occupation for all age 

groups. 
Figure 1. Total and net occupational entrants and separations, February 1999 to February 2000

Total separations:

● Occur in all age groups

● Are independent of the total number of entrants

● Identify all of the normal movements out of occupations

● Occur only when total separations exceed total entrants within an age group

● For an occupation, are the sum of separations for each age group

● Exclude information about net entrants

Net separations;

Millions

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-99

Age, February 1999

Total separations

Total entrants

Millions

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-99

Age, February 1999

Net separations

Net entrants

 162
163

It is important to note that, within any age group, individuals may have done any of the following to stop being 

included in employment data for a particular geographic 

area: Left the occupation in question and started working in 

another occupation, stopped working altogether, or left the 

area. Similarly, individuals entering an occupation in a 

geographic area may have been working in another occupation, may not have been working at all, or may have come 

from another area. The change, measured over the period 

in question, thus reveals only whether there were more or 

fewer entrants than separations and tells nothing about the 

numbers of total entrants, total separations, or any of their 

components. That is, the change indicates whether the size 

of the original age group increased or decreased, but it indicates nothing about the specific actions of individuals 

making up the group. 

Replacement needs. In developing estimates of replacement needs, the distinction between separations and replacement needs must not be overlooked. When employment in an occupation remains the same or increases over a 

given period, replacement needs equal separations. When 

employment declines, replacement needs are less than separations because some individuals leaving an occupation are 

not replaced. 

During a period when employment in an occupation 

declines, total separations will be greater than they would 

be if employment were increasing, because more individuals lose their jobs. Net separations would be greater not 

only because more individuals leave, but also because 

fewer enter, the occupation. A decline in employment 

represents individuals who left an occupation and were not 

replaced; therefore, replacement needs during a time of declining employment are determined by reducing observed 

separations by the decline in employment. 

Although it is conceivable that employment could decline to zero, the possibility is remote, especially with national data. In such an unlikely scenario, separations would 

equal the previous number of employees, because all lost 

their jobs, and replacement needs would be zero (replacement needs = separations – employment decline = 0). During periods of employment decline, displaced workers are 

available to reenter the occupation later and thus may reduce the need to train additional workers. 

Developing measures of total separations 

All individuals who leave an occupation—those who transfer to another occupation or who stop working for any reason—must be included in a measure of total separations. 

Producing such a measure requires longitudinal data that 

include information about individuals at two points in time. 

During the late 1970s, BLS researchers developed a procedure for using CPS data to estimate the number of job openings arising from workers who leave their occupation between two points in time that are 1 year apart. Annual data 

are preferable to data with other periodicities because most 

data on the completion of training programs are compiled 

on an annual basis. Annual total separation data thus facilitate analyses of occupational supply and demand. 

The method of measuring total separations entailed using computer records to track the same individuals in the 

CPS over a 1-year period. Monthly data from August 2000 

to July 2002 were assembled, and data for each of the first 

12 months were matched to data for the same month 1 year 

later. For example, monthly data for August 2000 were 

matched with monthly data for the same individual in August 2001. The use of data from the matched sample permitted changes in an individual’s employment status and 

occupation to be tabulated. 

Over time, individuals may respond differently to the 

same CPS question about their occupation, responses may 

be recorded differently by interviewers collecting the data, 

or recorded information may be interpreted and coded differently by persons preparing files for computer processing. 

All these actions result in a different occupation being recorded in the second year when, in fact, no change of occupation occurred. Data on January 2001–02 occupational 

transfers from the January 2002 CPS supplement were used 

to rectify this overestimation of occupational transfers in 

matched CPS data. 

Combining 2001–02 matched CPS data and occupational transfer data from the January 2002 CPS supplement 

yields merged data that provide a composite description of 

movements into, out of, and between occupations over two 

points that are 1 year apart. The resulting merged data 

identify the numbers and types of separations and the characteristics of workers who change occupations, become unemployed, or leave the labor force. 

Data on total separations for occupations with fewer 

than 50,000 employees were judged unreliable because of 

the limited number of observations in the sample. Data for 

the remaining occupations were examined individually, and 

if data identifying specific reasons for leaving the occupation appeared suspect, another detailed occupational group 

was selected to serve as a proxy and provide substitute 

data. 

The CPS is conducted primarily to obtain current data 

on the labor force status of individuals, rather than data that 

measure changes over time. As a result, there are significant limitations to the data that describe change. The CPS is 

a household survey that collects data from persons living at 

specific addresses. One limitation to the matched sample is 

that information can be developed only from the responses 

of individuals who do not change their residence. Movers 

tend to change their labor force status more than do nonmovers; hence, the separation rates are biased downward 

because movers are not included. Separation rates also are 

biased downward because the CPS excludes individuals who 

die between surveys. 

By contrast, response and coding errors bias the separation rates upward. For example, if employed persons 

were incorrectly classified as not being in the labor force 

during the second survey, the matched data would indicate 

movement where none occurred. Although the net effect of 
164

Table V–1. Net separations for registered nurses and for waiters and waitresses, 

by age group, 1997–2002 

(Numbers in thousands)

1997 employment1 2002 employment2

Age Number Age Number 

Net 

change, 

1997–2002 

Net 

separations, 

1997–2002 

Separation 

rate, 

1997–2002

(percent) 

 

Registered nurses 

16–99.............................. 1,971 — 2,145 174 151 7.7 

 16–20 1 1 

 16–19.......................... 1 21–24 57 56 0 0 

 20–24.......................... 67 25–29 204 137 0 0 

 25–29.......................... 202 30–34 257 55 0 0 

 30–34.......................... 286 35–39 324 38 0 0 

 35–39.......................... 368 40–44 406 38 0 0 

 40–44......................... 385 45–49 371 –14 14 3.7 

 45–49......................... 277 50–54 254 –23 23 8.3 

 50–54......................... 182 55–59 150 –31 31 17.2 

 55–59......................... 115 60–64 82 –33 33 28.7 

 60–64......................... 61 65–69 25 –36 36 59.6 

 65–69......................... 19 70–74 9 –10 10 52.1 

 70–74......................... 6 75–79 3 –3 3 52.4 

 75–99......................... 2 80–99 1 –1 1 33.1 

 

Waiters and waitresses 

16–99.............................. 1,410 — 1,408 –2 452 32.0 

 16–20 377 377 

 16–19......................... 263 21–24 311 48 0 0 

 20–24......................... 402 25–29 191 –211 211 52.7 

 25–29.......................... 212 30–34 121 –91 91 42.8 

 30–34......................... 172 35–39 120 –52 52 30.0 

 35–39......................... 133 40–44 96 –37 37 27.8 

 40–44......................... 79 45–49 62 –17 17 21.0 

 45–49......................... 52 50–54 43 –9 9 16.8 

 50–54.......................... 39 55–59 26 –14 14 34.8 

 55–59.......................... 25 60–64 20 –5 5 20.1 

 60–64.......................... 22 65–69 10 –12 12 56.5 

 65–69.......................... 8 70–74 6 –2 2 22.6 

 70–74.......................... 3 75–79 1 –1 1 49.6 

 75–99.......................... 2 80–99 1 –1 1 69.1 

 1

1997 data are averages of 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997. 

2 2002 data are averages of 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002.

the various biases on the 

movements is not known, their 

impacts appear to be offsetting 

and are not concentrated by 

occupation. 

It must be emphasized 

that total separation rates 

developed from merged CPS

data are not measured rates 

based on longitudinal data 

about individuals, but rather 

are a composite estimate of 

movements from occupations 

based on CPS data from two 

distinct sources. However, the 

rates are occupation specific 

and are extremely valuable for 

describing the labor market. 

Developing measures of 

net separations

Changes in age groups over a 

5-year period provide a comprehensive measure of occupation-specific net separations. 

When the size of a group increases, a measure of net entrants is recorded; when the 

group’s size declines, net separations are identified. Net 

changes in an age group capture the net effect of transfers 

into and out of occupations, 

immigration, and emigration, 

as well as labor force entries 

and separations, including 

deaths. A 5-year period was 

chosen to reduce the impact of 

cyclical variations that might affect comparisons made over 

a shorter period. Estimates for other periods can be developed, however. Estimates also can be developed for industry, educational level, sex, and a variety of other demographic variables. This new "cohort" technique thus 

becomes a powerful tool for analyzing labor market 

changes. 

Employment estimates for appropriate age groups, by 

occupation, were developed for 1993–98, 1994–99, 1995–

2000, 1996–2001, and 1997–2002. Initially, several hundred thousand records containing information on occupation, age, and many other characteristics for all employed 

persons in 1993 were combined, and occupational employment by age group was tabulated. The process was repeated to obtain estimates for desired age groups in 1998. 

To increase the sample size and reduce cyclical fluctuations, estimates for the age groups for which 1993 employment was tabulated also were developed for 1994, 1995, 

1996, and 1997, and estimates for the age groups used in 

1998 were developed for 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. 

Data on employment by occupation, by age group, were 

then averaged and used to prepare the estimates presented 

in this chapter. To simplify the presentation, all references 

to 1997 data represent averages for 1993, 1994, 1995, 

1996, and 1997, and references to 2002 data represent averages for 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002.

In most occupations, net leavers occur only in the older 

age groups, usually above age 45. This pattern typically 

describes individuals leaving in large numbers to retire. A 

different pattern displayed in some occupations is the vast 

majority of all net separations taking place in the youngest 

age groups. In this case, large numbers of workers 

probably obtained employment in the occupation when they 

first entered the workforce. Then, when they were ready to 

begin full-time jobs, or when they qualified for higher 

paying jobs, they transferred to another occupation. In both 

patterns, the net separations quantify the number of persons 

who permanently left the occupation. Table V–1 shows 
165

Table V–2. Net separations in selected teaching occupations, by age group, 1997–2002 

 (Numbers in thousands) 

Age group 

Current Population Survey 

occupation

Number 

employed, 

19971 

16 

to 

19 

20 

to 

24 

25 

to 

29 

30 

to 

34 

35 

to 

39 

40 

to 

44 

45 

to 

49 

50 

to 

54 

55 

to 

59 

60 

to 

64 

65 

to 

69 

70 

to 

74 

75 

to 

99 

 Teachers, except college and university......... 4,556 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 100 101 64 23 7 7 

 Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten.. 526 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 4 6 2 1 2 

 Teachers, elementary school..................... 1,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 47 42 28 7 1 2 

 Teachers, secondary school..................... 1,214 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 51 42 18 6 1 1 

 Teachers, special education...................... 326 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 8 8 4 1 0 0 

 Teachers, n.e.c.2 ..................................... 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 7 4 3 1

 1997 data are averages of 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997. 

2 n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. 

these different patterns and illustrates how net separations 

for registered nurses and for waiters and waitresses were 

calculated. 

In table V–1, employment data by age group for registered nurses and for waiters and waitresses in 1997 are 

compared with corresponding data for a 5-year-older group 

in 2002. For example, the number of registered nurses 

aged 20 to 24 in 1997 is compared with the number of registered nurses aged 25 to 29 in 2002, and the difference is 

calculated. If the difference is positive, more individuals 

aged 20 to 24 in 1997 entered than left the occupation. 

Nothing is known about the numbers of persons transferring into the occupation, entering the labor force, immigrating from another country, transferring out of the occupation, leaving the labor force, or leaving the United States. 

The difference between the two groups simply identifies the 

amount by which total entrants exceed total leavers. If, by 

contrast, the difference is negative, more individuals left 

than entered the occupation. Only a negative difference results in a measure of net separations; positive differences 

are recorded as zero net separations for the age group. The 

separation rate for an age group is calculated by dividing 

net separations by 1997 employment in the age group. Net 

separations for all age groups were totaled and divided by 

total employment in 1997 to obtain the 5-year net separation rate for the occupation. 

Table V–1 also presents information on the percentage 

of leavers in each age group for registered nurses and for 

waiters and waitresses. This measure is calculated by dividing net leavers in the age group by 1997 employment for 

that age group. Information about the percentage of leavers 

in each age group is valuable because it permits estimates 

of net leavers in the future, a topic that will be discussed 

later. 

Because registered nurses and waiters and waitresses 

are large occupations, the CPS sample provides quite reliable employment data for each age group within them. 

However, for small occupations, such as actuaries, the 

sample is too sparse and the net separation data are unreliable. For example, actuaries have an irregular distribution 

of net separations among the age groups, and the net separation rate of about 19 percent is inconsistent with rates for 

other professional and related occupations. 

To obtain a separation rate for each detailed CPS occupation, one of two procedures was used when data for an 

occupation were judged unreliable. When a larger detailed 

occupation had characteristics similar to those of the occupation in question, the larger occupation was chosen as a 

proxy, and the separation and employment data for the 

proxy occupation were substituted for the unreliable data 

and were used to calculate separation rates. When there 

was no larger detailed occupation with characteristics similar to those of the occupation in question, separation and 

employment data for a summary occupation group were 

substituted for the unreliable data. 

The procedure for determining separation rates for 

summary occupations, however, was not as straightforward 

as that for detailed occupations. Note that, in table V–2, no 

net separations are measured for the summary occupation 

group teachers, except college and university, until age 45. 

Yet, two of the detailed occupations that make up the 

group—prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers and special-education teachers—exhibit net separations prior to 

that age. The summary occupation group does not register 

those separations because total net entrants in the other detailed occupations constituting the summary occupation 

group exceeded the total of net separations among prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers or special-education 

teachers in the relevant age group. To exclude the measure 

of net separations from the summary occupation group, 

however, would result in an understatement of separations 

from detailed occupations. To overcome this limitation, net 

separations in each age group for summary occupations 

were calculated by totaling the net separations for each detailed occupation in that age group. Thus, in table V–3, the 

net separation data for each age group in the summary occupation group teachers, except college and university, is 

the sum of the data measured for prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers, elementary school teachers, secondary 

school teachers, special-education teachers, and teachers 

not elsewhere classified. (The totals shown may not be the 

sum of the data for detailed occupations due to rounding.) 

Projected replacement rates 

Thus far, all information presented about separations has 

been descriptive and retrospective; that is, it has described 

what occurred in the past. The BLS employment projections 

program, however, focuses on future opportunities, a pur-
166

pose that requires projections of employment change and, 

in addition, projections of replacement needs due to total 

and net separations. 

Total replacement rates. Total separation rates for all detailed occupations were developed from merged CPS data 

for the period 2001–02. As described earlier, total separation rates from proxy occupations were substituted for 

small occupations when data for the latter appeared unreliable. If employment in the occupation in question remained the same or increased from 2001 to 2002, the 

2001–02 total separation rate also was the replacement rate 

and should be used to estimate replacement needs during a 

projection period. However, if employment in the occupation declined, the replacement rate was calculated by subtracting the employment decline from the separations. Total replacement rates were used without adjustment for the 

2002–12 projection period. Employment for 2007, the 

midpoint of the period, was multiplied by the annual average replacement rates for the 2001–02 period to project annual average replacement needs over the 2002–12 period. 

Although labor market conditions affect the replacement 

rates, attempts to adjust the rates would be fraught with difficulties because not enough is known about how cyclical 

factors and other labor market conditions affect the rates. 

Net replacement rates. To develop a net separation rate for 

an occupation, employment figures for that occupation in a 

given age group in 1997 were compared with employment 

in the occupation in 2002 for a group that was 5 years 

older. (As noted earlier, data for 1997 actually consist of 

the average of data for 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997, 

and data for 2002 consist of the average for 1998, 1999, 

2000, 2001, and 2002.) If employment for the group increased, no net separations occurred, and separations were 

recorded as zero. If employment declined, the number was 

recorded as net separations for that age group. The 5-year 

net separation rate for the age group was calculated by dividing the number of net separations by employment in 

1997. (See table V–1.) The 5-year net separation rates for 

1997–2002 for each age group could then be applied to 

employment in future years to obtain a projection of net 

separations. Excluded from these projections are the replacement needs attributable to those entering the occupation within the projection period. 

Between 1997 and 2002, employment in most occupations increased or remained the same. For these occupations, the 1997–2002 net separation rates, by age, were 

used without adjustment to estimate net replacement needs 

during the projection period. If employment declined, 

however, one of several adjustments to the age-specific 

separation rates was used to obtain a net replacement rate 

that reduced the occupational separation rate by the rate of 

decline in employment. When the employment decline was 

less than the number of net separations among persons aged 

16 to 49 in 1997, the number of net separations for that age 

group was reduced by the decline, which was distributed in 

proportion to the number of net separations in each age 

subgroup of the group aged 16 to 49. This technique, 

which confines the adjustments to the ages most affected by 

adverse economic conditions, was the one most frequently 

used. Older workers are more likely to remain employed 

until they retire. In most of the remaining cases, the net 

separations were reduced in a like fashion for persons aged 

16 to 54 or persons aged 16 to 64, depending on the distribution of net separations in the occupation and the amount 

by which employment declined. Then, the adjusted agespecific rates were used to calculate future net replacement 

needs for persons employed in 2002. 

Using data for persons employed as registered nurses 

in 2002, table V–4 illustrates the method for calculating net 

leavers over the period 2002–12. First, net leavers were 

calculated for 2002–07 by multiplying 2002 employment 

obtained from the CPS for each age group by the replacement rate for the same age group in 1997–2002. Before net 

leavers in 2007–12 were calculated, 2007 employment for 

each age group was estimated by identifying employment in 

2002 for a 5-year-younger age group and subtracting any 

projected net leavers for the period 2002–07. For example, 

table V–4 shows the 2007 employment figure for registered 

nurses aged 55 to 59 to be 210,000. This estimate was arrived at by identifying the 2002 employment figure for 

nurses aged 50 to 54 (254,000) and subtracting the 44,000 

net leavers in 2002–07 from that age group. (Any discrepancies are due to rounding.) Then, net leavers for 2007–12 

were calculated by multiplying employment for 2007 for 

each age group by the replacement rate for that age group. 

Summing the number of net leavers for each of the 5-year 

Table V–3. Net separations in selected teaching occupations, adjusted summary occupation, by age group, 1997–2002

 (Numbers in thousands) 

Age group 

Current Population Survey 

Occupation

Number 

employed, 

19971 

16 

to 

19 

20 

to 

24 

25 

to 

29 

30 

to 

34 

35 

to 

39 

40 

to 

44 

45 

to 

49 

50 

to 

54 

55 

to 

59 

60 

to 

64 

65 

to 

69 

70 

to 

74 

75 

to 

99

 Teachers, except college and university......... 4,556 0 0 2 2 0 2 35 108 101 64 22 7 8 

 Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten.. 526 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 4 6 2 1 2 

 Teachers, elementary school..................... 1,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 47 42 28 7 1 2 

 Teachers, secondary school..................... 1,214 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 51 42 18 6 1 1 

 Teachers, special education...................... 326 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 8 8 4 1 0 0 

 Teachers, n.e.c.2 ..................................... 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 7 4 3 1 1997 data are averages of 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997. 

2 n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. 
167

Table V–4. Net replacement data for registered nurses, by age 

group, 2002–12 

(Numbers in thousands) 

2002 employment1 2007 

employment

Age 

Number 

Net 

replacement 

rate, 

1997–2002 

(percent)

Net 

leavers, 

2002–07 Number 

Net 

leavers, 

2007–12 

16–99...... 2,145 7.7 200 — 253 

 16–19.... 1 0 0 0 0 

 20–24.... 57 0 0 1 0 

 25–29.... 204 0 0 57 0 

 30–34.... 257 0 0 204 0 

 35–39.... 324 0 0 257 0 

 40–44.... 406 3.7 15 324 12 

 45–49.... 371 8.3 31 391 32 

 50–54.... 254 17.2 44 340 59 

 55–59.... 150 28.7 43 210 60 

 60–64.... 82 59.6 49 107 64 

 65–69.... 25 52.1 13 33 17 

 70–74.... 9 52.4 5 12 6 

 75–99.... 4 33.1 1 7 2 

1 2002 data are averages of 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. 

periods 2002–07 and 2007–12 provided an 

estimate of net leavers over the 10-year 

projection period 2002–12. The 2002–12 net 

replacement rates were calculated by dividing 

net leavers for 2002–12 by 2002 employment. 

Dividing the net leavers for 2002–12 by 10 

yielded annual average net replacement needs. 

New entrants—individuals who were 

younger than age 16 in 2002, but who could 

be expected to join the group of employed 

persons after 2002—were not included in the 

estimate of replacements for 2002–12. If they 

would have been included, estimates of replacements for occupations with net transfers 

in the younger age groups—such as those for 

waiters and waitresses—would be larger. 

Replacement rates based on the 

Occupational Employment Statistics 

survey 

The preceding sections described procedures 

for estimating replacement rates by using 

detailed occupational data from the CPS

survey. However, the employment matrices 

used by the BLS projections program to 

estimate current and projected occupational employment 

are based primarily on data from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, which uses occupational 

definitions consistent with the 2000 Standard Occupational 

Classification system. BLS then uses current and projected 

occupational employment estimates from these employment 

matrices to calculate the employment-growth component of 

projected job openings. Combining the replacement-needs 

component of projected job openings with the growth component of projected openings requires developing occupational replacement rates that are consistent with the OES

survey. These rates were developed by (1) identifying the 

CPS occupation or occupations that are equivalent to the detailed OES survey-based occupation and (2) either using the 

CPS rate directly or calculating a weighted rate, with OES or 

CPS employment figures as weights, if the occupation consists of more than one OES or CPS occupation. Table V–5 

presents 2001–02 total and 2002–12 net replacement rates 

for OES-based matrix occupations and shows 2002–12 annual average total and net replacement needs. Information 

identifying OES occupations for which CPS equivalent occupational data were replaced with that of a proxy CPS occupation is available from the Chief, Division of Occupational 

Outlook at (202) 691–5703. 
168

Frequently asked questions about replacement needs

Q. Why does BLS compute estimates of both total and net replacement needs? 

A. A single estimate is not appropriate for all purposes. Vocational guidance counseling, for example, requires information about growth and replacement needs that quantifies all opportunities in the labor market. By contrast, 

information about opportunities for new entrants is more useful for planning appropriate training programs. Thus, 

two different estimates are provided. 

Q. Why are the estimates of growth and net replacement needs described as providing a minimum measure of training needs? 

A. Training needs are underestimated by this measure because for many occupations, not all persons who complete 

training enter the occupation for which they qualify. As a result, more workers may be trained to ensure that an 

adequate number is available to fill expected job openings. 

Q. Do the 2002–12 projected net replacement rates assume that future labor market behavior will not change from 

past patterns? 

A. Yes, 1997–2002 occupation- and age-specific rates are used in calculating the projected rates. The 1997–2002 

rates are applied to projected occupational age-distribution data. The result is an occupation-specific replacement 

rate that captures the impact of demographic, but not behavioral, changes. 

Q. Are total and net separation rates the same as total and net replacement rates? 

A. In most occupations, yes. If employment declines during the period being examined, however, separations will 

exceed replacement needs by the decline in employment. The reason is that, when employment is declining, not 

all persons who separate from an occupation are replaced. 

Q. Should a projected decline in employment be subtracted from replacement needs to estimate job opportunities? 

A. No! If employment declines, the number of opportunities resulting from growth is zero, and replacement needs 

constitute the only source of opportunities. When employment declines, separations increase both because individuals are losing their jobs and, in the case of net separations, because fewer are entering the occupation. Replacement needs—calculated by reducing separations by any decline in employment—should not be further reduced by projected employment declines. 

Q. If employment is declining rapidly, is it possible for replacement needs to be zero? 

A. In the extreme case, yes. For example, assume that, in a limited geographic area, a single firm is the sole employer of tool and die makers. If the firm ceases operations, all tool and die makers in the area will leave the occupation; separations will equal the decline in employment, and there will be no replacement needs. An analogous 

situation, though possible, is unlikely to occur at the national level because not all areas of the country share the 

same market conditions. 

Q. Are there any data on replacement needs by industry? 

A. No, estimates of replacement needs are created only for occupations. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has a survey 

that collects data on current job openings and labor turnover by industry. There is no equivalent survey of job 

openings or labor turnover by occupation. For more information, see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey program Web site: http://www.bls.gov/jlt/home.htm.
169

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

00-0000 Total, all occupations .............................................................................................. 144,014 15.9 23.5 24,571 3,389

11-1300 Management, business, and financial occupations ......................................................... 15,501 11.0 17.4 1,833 270

11-0000 Management occupations .................................................................................................. 10,056 10.7 17.2 1,142 173

11-1000 Top executives ............................................................................................................... 2,669 10.5 18.7 305 50

11-1011 Chief executives ......................................................................................................... 553 9.7 18.9 58 10

11-1021 General and operations managers ............................................................................. 2,049 10.9 18.9 243 39

11-1031 Legislators .................................................................................................................. 67 5.9 12.9 4 1

11-2000 Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers ................... 700 12.8 18.3 101 13

11-2011 Advertising and promotions managers ....................................................................... 85 13.2 18.1 13 2

11-2020 Marketing and sales managers .................................................................................. 546 12.8 18.5 79 10

11-2021 Marketing managers .............................................................................................. 203 12.8 18.5 29 4

11-2022 Sales managers ..................................................................................................... 343 12.8 18.5 51 6

11-2031 Public relations managers .......................................................................................... 69 11.9 17.3 9 1

11-3000 Operations specialties managers ................................................................................... 1,807 9.8 17.4 194 31

11-3011 Administrative services managers ............................................................................. 321 10.5 19.4 37 6

11-3021 Computer and information systems managers .......................................................... 284 10.2 18.2 34 5

11-3031 Financial managers .................................................................................................... 599 10.0 14.3 66 9

11-3040 Human resources managers ...................................................................................... 202 8.5 16.9 19 3

11-3051 Industrial production managers .................................................................................. 182 9.3 19.3 18 4

11-3061 Purchasing managers ................................................................................................ 108 7.6 21.7 8 2

11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ................................................... 111 9.9 19.5 12 2

11-9000 Other management occupations .................................................................................... 4,880 10.9 16.2 543 79

11-9010 Agricultural managers ................................................................................................ 1,376 10.4 7.7 131 11

11-9011 Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers ....................................................... 218 11.2 17.2 25 4

11-9012 Farmers and ranchers ............................................................................................ 1,158 10.2 5.9 106 7

11-9021 Construction managers .............................................................................................. 389 10.8 18.1 45 7

11-9030 Education administrators ............................................................................................ 427 12.3 24.8 59 11

11-9031 Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program ..................... 58 12.3 24.8 8 1

11-9032 Education administrators, elementary and secondary school ................................ 217 12.3 24.8 29 5

11-9033 Education administrators, postsecondary .............................................................. 125 12.3 24.8 17 3

11-9039 Education administrators, all other ......................................................................... 27 12.3 24.8 4 1

11-9041 Engineering managers ............................................................................................... 212 6.7 19.9 15 4

11-9051 Food service managers .............................................................................................. 386 14.0 16.3 57 6

11-9061 Funeral directors1 ....................................................................................................... 24 10.5 28.5 3 1

11-9071 Gaming managers ...................................................................................................... 6 12.9 18.8 1 2 ( )

11-9081 Lodging managers ..................................................................................................... 69 14.2 16.6 10 1

11-9111 Medical and health services managers1 .................................................................... 244 10.5 19.5 29 5

11-9121 Natural sciences managers ........................................................................................ 45 9.8 19.2 5 1

11-9131 Postmasters and mail superintendents ...................................................................... 25 10.9 18.9 3 2 ( )

11-9141 Property, real estate, and community association managers .................................... 293 10.6 18.7 33 5

11-9151 Social and community service managers ................................................................... 129 12.3 19.2 18 2

11-9199 All other managers ..................................................................................................... 1,256 10.5 19.5 135 24

13-0000 Business and financial operations occupations ..................................................................... 5,445 11.5 17.7 691 97

13-1000 Business operations specialists ......................................................................................... 3,177 12.3 17.7 435 56

13-1011 Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes ............................. 15 11.9 19.7 2 2 ( )

13-1020 Buyers and purchasing agents ....................................................................................... 419 12.4 25.8 54 11

13-1021 Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products ........................................................... 19 10.3 34.1 2 1

13-1022 Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products ................................................... 155 15.1 26.2 24 4

13-1023 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products ............................... 245 10.9 24.9 28 6

13-1030 Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators .......................................... 241 12.1 12.3 31 3

13-1031 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators ......................................................... 227 12.1 12.3 29 3

13-1032 Insurance appraisers, auto damage ........................................................................... 14 12.1 12.3 2 2 ( )

13-1041 Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and

transportation .................................................................................................. 158 11.9 23.5 20 4

13-1051 Cost estimators .............................................................................................................. 188 11.5 22.4 24 4

13-1061 Emergency management specialists ............................................................................. 11 11.0 22.0 1 2 ( )

13-1070 Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists ............................................ 474 13.8 15.3 74 7

13-1071 Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists ................................................ 175 13.8 15.3 27 3

13-1072 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists ................................................ 91 13.8 15.3 14 1

See footnotes at end of table.
170

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

13-1073 Training and development specialists ........................................................................ 209 13.8 15.3 33 3

13-1111 Management analysts1 .................................................................................................. 577 10.5 13.7 70 8

13-1121 Meeting and convention planners .................................................................................. 37 16.4 21.8 7 1

13-1198 All other business operations specialists ....................................................................... 1,056 12.6 17.0 152 18

13-2000 Financial specialists ........................................................................................................... 2,268 10.3 17.8 256 40

13-2011 Accountants and auditors ............................................................................................... 1,055 9.3 18.9 108 20

13-2021 Appraisers and assessors of real estate ........................................................................ 88 10.2 21.4 10 2

13-2031 Budget analysts .............................................................................................................. 62 11.5 16.3 8 1

13-2041 Credit analysts ............................................................................................................... 66 11.3 15.6 8 1

13-2050 Financial analysts and advisors ..................................................................................... 400 10.7 15.0 48 6

13-2051 Financial analysts ....................................................................................................... 172 10.6 14.8 20 3

13-2052 Personal financial advisors ........................................................................................ 126 11.0 13.0 16 2

13-2053 Insurance underwriters ............................................................................................... 102 10.5 17.7 11 2

13-2061 Financial examiners ....................................................................................................... 25 12.8 22.8 3 1

13-2070 Loan counselors and officers ......................................................................................... 255 11.6 16.1 32 4

13-2071 Loan counselors ......................................................................................................... 31 11.6 16.1 4 2 ( )

13-2072 Loan officers ............................................................................................................... 223 11.6 16.1 28 4

13-2080 Tax examiners, collectors, preparers, and revenue agents ........................................... 154 10.9 19.6 18 3

13-2081 Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents ......................................................... 75 10.9 22.9 8 2

13-2082 Tax preparers ............................................................................................................. 79 11.0 16.5 10 1

13-2099 All other financial specialists .......................................................................................... 162 12.0 17.6 21 3

15-2900 Professional and related occupations ............................................................................... 27,687 10.8 19.2 3,324 532

15-0000 Computer and mathematical science occupations ............................................................. 3,018 9.8 13.7 347 41

15-1000 Computer specialists ...................................................................................................... 2,911 9.8 13.2 336 39

15-1011 Computer and information scientists, research .......................................................... 23 10.5 11.3 3 2 ( )

15-1021 Computer programmers ............................................................................................. 499 7.6 23.6 40 12

15-1030 Computer software engineers .................................................................................... 675 9.4 9.9 78 7

15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications ........................................................... 394 9.4 9.9 45 4

15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems software .................................................. 281 9.4 9.9 32 3

15-1041 Computer support specialists ..................................................................................... 507 11.0 12.3 64 6

15-1051 Computer systems analysts ....................................................................................... 468 10.5 11.3 59 5

15-1061 Database administrators ............................................................................................ 110 10.4 10.3 14 1

15-1071 Network and computer systems administrators ......................................................... 251 10.1 11.1 30 3

15-1081 Network systems and data communications analysts ................................................ 186 9.6 11.8 23 2

15-1099 All other computer specialists .................................................................................... 192 10.5 11.3 24 2

15-2000 Mathematical science occupations ................................................................................ 107 10.1 26.3 11 3

15-2011 Actuaries1 ................................................................................................................... 15 10.5 42.7 2 1

15-2021 Mathematicians1 ........................................................................................................ 3 10.5 44.0 2 ( ) 2 ( )

15-2031 Operations research analysts .................................................................................... 62 9.9 21.9 6 1

15-2041 Statisticians1 .............................................................................................................. 20 10.5 26.3 2 1

15-2090 Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations1 ................................................... 7 10.4 22.7 1 2 ( )

17-0000 Architecture and engineering occupations ......................................................................... 2,587 8.5 22.2 229 57

17-1000 Architects, surveyors, and cartographers ....................................................................... 204 7.1 19.0 16 4

17-1010 Architects, except naval ............................................................................................. 136 5.6 11.4 8 2

17-1011 Architects, except landscape and naval ................................................................. 113 5.6 11.4 7 1

17-1012 Landscape architects ............................................................................................. 23 5.6 11.4 1 2 ( )

17-1020 Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists .................................................... 64 10.5 34.2 7 2

17-1021 Cartographers and photogrammetrists .................................................................. 9 10.5 34.2 1 2 ( )

17-1022 Surveyors ............................................................................................................... 56 10.5 34.2 6 2

17-1099 All other architects, surveyors, and cartographers ..................................................... 3 10.5 34.2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

17-2000 Engineers ....................................................................................................................... 1,478 6.9 21.4 106 32

17-2011 Aerospace engineers1 ................................................................................................ 78 6.1 24.8 5 2

17-2021 Agricultural engineers ................................................................................................ 3 6.1 32.9 2 ( ) 2 ( )

17-2031 Biomedical engineers ................................................................................................. 8 3.7 17.0 2 ( ) 2 ( )

17-2041 Chemical engineers1 .................................................................................................. 33 6.2 29.9 2 1

17-2051 Civil engineers ............................................................................................................ 228 6.5 15.9 16 4

17-2061 Computer hardware engineers ................................................................................... 74 7.7 16.7 6 1

17-2070 Electrical and electronics engineers ........................................................................... 292 7.0 19.7 21 6

17-2071 Electrical engineers ................................................................................................ 156 7.0 19.7 11 3

17-2072 Electronics engineers, except computer ................................................................ 136 7.0 19.7 10 3

See footnotes at end of table.
171

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

17-2081 Environmental engineers ........................................................................................... 47 9.8 17.0 6 1

17-2110 Industrial engineers, including health and safety ....................................................... 194 9.1 24.2 19 5

17-2111 Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors ...... 36 9.1 24.2 3 1

17-2112 Industrial engineers ................................................................................................ 158 9.1 24.2 15 4

17-2121 Marine engineers and naval architects1 ..................................................................... 5 6.3 47.2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

17-2131 Materials engineers .................................................................................................... 24 6.5 26.3 2 1

17-2141 Mechanical engineers ................................................................................................ 215 5.9 27.3 13 6

17-2151 Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers ........................ 5 6.1 28.9 2 ( ) 2 ( )

17-2161 Nuclear engineers1 .................................................................................................... 16 6.1 29.9 1 2 ( )

17-2171 Petroleum engineers1 ................................................................................................ 14 6.2 31.8 1 2 ( )

17-2199 All other engineers ..................................................................................................... 243 6.0 19.0 15 5

17-3000 Drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians ............................................................ 905 11.4 24.2 108 22

17-3010 Drafters ...................................................................................................................... 216 12.6 28.1 28 6

17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters ................................................................................ 106 12.6 28.1 14 3

17-3012 Electrical and electronics drafters .......................................................................... 38 12.6 28.1 5 1

17-3013 Mechanical drafters ................................................................................................ 72 12.6 28.1 9 2

17-3020 Engineering technicians, except drafters ................................................................... 478 10.6 20.9 53 10

17-3021 Aerospace engineering and operations technicians .............................................. 15 10.6 20.9 2 2 ( )

17-3022 Civil engineering technicians .................................................................................. 92 10.6 20.9 10 2

17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians .................................................. 204 10.6 20.9 23 4

17-3024 Electro-mechanical technicians .............................................................................. 31 10.6 20.9 4 1

17-3025 Environmental engineering technicians ................................................................. 19 10.6 20.9 2 2 ( )

17-3026 Industrial engineering technicians .......................................................................... 62 10.6 20.9 7 1

17-3027 Mechanical engineering technicians ...................................................................... 55 10.6 20.9 6 1

17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians .......................................................................... 60 13.6 36.4 9 2

17-3099 All other drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians .......................................... 150 11.2 24.1 18 4

19-0000 Life, physical, and social science occupations ................................................................... 1,237 9.7 24.1 131 30

19-1000 Life scientists .................................................................................................................. 214 7.2 24.2 17 5

19-1010 Agricultural and food scientists1 ................................................................................. 18 7.5 17.8 1 2 ( )

19-1020 Biological scientists .................................................................................................... 75 7.1 31.3 6 2

19-1021 Biochemists and biophysicists ............................................................................... 17 7.1 31.3 1 1

19-1022 Microbiologists ....................................................................................................... 16 7.1 31.3 1 1

19-1023 Zoologists and wildlife biologists ............................................................................ 15 7.1 31.3 1 2 ( )

19-1029 Biological scientists, all other ................................................................................. 27 7.1 31.3 2 1

19-1030 Conservation scientists and foresters ........................................................................ 33 6.5 29.2 2 1

19-1031 Conservation scientists1 ......................................................................................... 19 6.5 29.2 1 1

19-1032 Foresters1 .............................................................................................................. 14 6.5 29.2 1 2 ( )

19-1040 Medical scientists ....................................................................................................... 62 7.4 17.6 5 1

19-1041 Epidemiologists1 .................................................................................................... 4 7.4 17.6 2 ( ) 2 ( )

19-1042 Medical scientists, except epidemiologists1 ........................................................... 58 7.4 17.6 5 1

19-1099 All other life scientists1 ............................................................................................... 26 7.4 17.6 2 2 ( )

19-2000 Physical scientists .......................................................................................................... 251 6.9 25.4 19 6

19-2010 Astronomers and physicists ....................................................................................... 14 6.5 32.4 1 2 ( )

19-2011 Astronomers1 ......................................................................................................... 1 6.5 32.4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

19-2012 Physicists1 .............................................................................................................. 13 6.5 32.4 1 2 ( )

19-2021 Atmospheric and space scientists1 ............................................................................ 8 6.4 39.3 1 2 ( )

19-2030 Chemists and materials scientists .............................................................................. 91 7.2 32.7 7 3

19-2031 Chemists ................................................................................................................ 84 7.2 32.7 6 3

19-2032 Materials scientists ................................................................................................. 7 7.2 32.7 1 2 ( )

19-2040 Environmental scientists and geoscientists ................................................................ 101 6.7 17.8 7 2

19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists, including health ..................................... 65 6.7 17.8 5 1

19-2042 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers ............................................. 28 6.7 17.8 2 2 ( )

19-2043 Hydrologists ........................................................................................................... 8 6.7 17.8 1 2 ( )

19-2099 All other physical scientists ........................................................................................ 37 7.3 22.8 3 1

19-3000 Social scientists and related occupations ...................................................................... 426 10.8 24.4 51 10

19-3011 Economists ................................................................................................................. 16 10.0 29.0 2 2 ( )

19-3020 Market and survey researchers .................................................................................. 155 10.7 25.9 19 4

19-3021 Market research analysts ....................................................................................... 134 10.7 25.9 16 3

19-3022 Survey researchers ................................................................................................ 20 10.7 25.9 3 1

19-3030 Psychologists ............................................................................................................. 139 10.0 21.8 16 3

19-3031 Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists ...................................................... 137 10.0 21.8 15 3

19-3032 Industrial-organizational psychologists .................................................................. 2 10.0 21.8 2 ( ) 2 ( )

19-3041 Sociologists1 .............................................................................................................. 3 13.0 35.1 2 ( ) 2 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
172

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

19-3051 Urban and regional planners1 .................................................................................... 32 12.9 33.4 4 1

19-3090 Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers .................................................. 14 12.0 20.2 2 2 ( )

19-3091 Anthropologists and archeologists1 ........................................................................ 5 12.0 20.2 1 2 ( )

19-3092 Geographers1 ......................................................................................................... 1 12.0 20.2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

19-3093 Historians1 .............................................................................................................. 2 12.0 20.2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

19-3094 Political scientists1 ................................................................................................. 6 12.0 20.2 1 2 ( )

19-3098 All other social scientists and related workers ........................................................... 68 11.7 21.2 8 1

19-4000 Life, physical, and social science technicians ................................................................ 346 12.0 22.8 45 8

19-4011 Agricultural and food science technicians .................................................................. 20 13.9 19.3 3 2 ( )

19-4021 Biological technicians1 ............................................................................................... 48 13.4 16.9 7 1

19-4031 Chemical technicians ................................................................................................. 69 12.0 24.9 8 2

19-4041 Geological and petroleum technicians ....................................................................... 11 9.6 25.5 1 2 ( )

19-4051 Nuclear technicians .................................................................................................... 6 12.1 26.9 1 2 ( )

19-4090 Other life, physical, and social science technicians ................................................... 55 11.7 23.5 7 1

19-4091 Environmental science and protection technicians, including health ..................... 28 11.7 23.5 4 1

19-4092 Forensic science technicians ................................................................................. 8 11.7 23.5 1 2 ( )

19-4093 Forest and conservation technicians ...................................................................... 19 11.7 23.5 2 2 ( )

19-4098 All other life, physical, and social science technicians ............................................... 137 11.7 23.5 17 3

21-0000 Community and social services occupations ..................................................................... 2,190 12.7 19.1 314 42

21-1000 Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists ......... 1,436 14.0 19.4 231 28

21-1010 Counselors ................................................................................................................. 526 12.5 22.8 73 12

21-1011 Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors .......................................... 67 12.5 22.8 92

21-1012 Educational, vocational, and school counselors .................................................... 228 12.5 22.8 31 5

21-1013 Marriage and family therapists ............................................................................... 23 12.5 22.8 3 1

21-1014 Mental health counselors ....................................................................................... 85 12.5 22.8 12 2

21-1015 Rehabilitation counselors ....................................................................................... 122 12.5 22.8 18 3

21-1020 Social workers ............................................................................................................ 477 14.1 17.1 76 8

21-1021 Child, family, and school social workers ................................................................ 274 14.1 17.1 43 5

21-1022 Medical and public health social workers ............................................................... 107 14.1 17.1 17 2

21-1023 Mental health and substance abuse social workers ............................................... 95 14.1 17.1 16 2

21-1090 Miscellaneous community and social service specialists ........................................... 434 15.7 17.6 82 8

21-1091 Health educators .................................................................................................... 45 15.7 17.6 8 1

21-1092 Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists ....................................... 84 15.7 17.6 14 1

21-1093 Social and human service assistants ..................................................................... 305 15.7 17.6 60 5

21-2000 Religious workers ........................................................................................................... 506 8.1 18.5 44 9

21-2011 Clergy ......................................................................................................................... 400 6.9 20.5 30 8

21-2021 Directors, religious activities and education1 ............................................................. 105 12.6 11.0 15 1

21-9099 All other counselors, social, and religious workers ........................................................ 248 13.5 18.7 38 5

23-0000 Legal occupations .............................................................................................................. 1,168 7.9 11.7 100 14

23-1000 Lawyers, judges, and related workers ............................................................................ 747 5.9 12.9 47 10

23-1011 Lawyers ...................................................................................................................... 695 5.9 12.9 44 9

23-1020 Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers ........................................................ 51 5.9 12.9 3 1

23-1021 Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers ................................ 19 5.9 12.9 1 2 ( )

23-1022 Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators .................................................................. 6 5.9 12.9 2 ( ) 2 ( )

23-1023 Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates .......................................................... 27 5.9 12.9 2 2 ( )

23-2000 Legal support workers .................................................................................................... 320 11.5 9.1 40 3

23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants .................................................................................. 200 11.6 8.0 26 2

23-2090 Miscellaneous legal support workers ......................................................................... 121 11.4 10.9 14 1

23-2091 Court reporters ....................................................................................................... 18 11.4 10.9 2 2 ( )

23-2092 Law clerks .............................................................................................................. 48 11.4 10.9 6 1

23-2093 Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers .......................................................... 55 11.4 10.9 6 1

23-9099 All other legal and related workers ................................................................................. 101 11.4 10.9 12 1

25-0000 Education, training, and library occupations ...................................................................... 8,530 12.8 20.9 1,225 178

25-1000 Postsecondary teachers ................................................................................................. 1,581 9.8 22.6 185 36

25-2000 Primary, secondary, and special education teachers ..................................................... 4,187 11.6 22.4 534 94

25-2010 Preschool and kindergarten teachers ........................................................................ 592 17.2 11.9 119 7

25-2011 Preschool teachers, except special education ....................................................... 424 17.2 11.9 86 5

25-2012 Kindergarten teachers, except special education .................................................. 168 17.2 11.9 33 2

25-2020 Elementary and middle school teachers .................................................................... 2,070 11.0 22.1 242 46

See footnotes at end of table.
173

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

25-2021 Elementary school teachers, except special education ......................................... 1,467 11.0 22.1 173 32

25-2022 Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education ......................... 585 11.0 22.1 67 13

25-2023 Vocational education teachers, middle school ....................................................... 18 11.0 22.1 2 2 ( )

25-2030 Secondary school teachers ........................................................................................ 1,093 10.1 28.1 120 31

25-2031 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education .................. 988 10.1 28.1 109 28

25-2032 Vocational education teachers, secondary school ................................................. 105 10.1 28.1 11 3

25-2040 Special education teachers ........................................................................................ 433 10.5 23.8 52 10

25-3000 Other teachers and instructors ....................................................................................... 960 15.6 12.3 175 12

25-3011 Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors ...................... 80 15.6 12.3 14 1

25-3021 Self-enrichment education teachers ........................................................................... 200 15.6 12.3 37 2

25-3999 All other teachers, primary, secondary, and adult ...................................................... 679 15.6 12.3 123 8

25-4000 Librarians, curators, and archivists ................................................................................ 309 11.6 28.8 38 9

25-4010 Archivists, curators, and museum technicians1 ......................................................... 22 9.3 22.0 2 2 ( )

25-4021 Librarians ................................................................................................................... 167 8.0 23.9 14 4

25-4031 Library technicians ..................................................................................................... 119 17.0 36.9 22 4

25-9000 Other education, training, and library occupations ......................................................... 1,493 17.6 18.7 293 28

25-9011 Audio-visual collections specialists ............................................................................ 10 15.4 15.2 2 2 ( )

25-9021 Farm and home management advisors ..................................................................... 16 15.4 15.2 3 2 ( )

25-9031 Instructional coordinators ........................................................................................... 98 15.4 15.2 17 1

25-9041 Teacher assistants ..................................................................................................... 1,277 18.0 19.3 256 25

25-9199 All other library, museum, training, and other education workers .............................. 93 15.4 15.2 16 1

27-0000 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ............................................. 2,377 12.8 18.8 329 45

27-1000 Art and design occupations ............................................................................................ 775 12.1 15.5 101 12

27-1010 Artists and related workers ......................................................................................... 149 13.9 21.7 22 3

27-1011 Art directors ............................................................................................................ 51 13.9 21.7 7 1

27-1013 Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators ...................................... 23 13.9 21.7 3 1

27-1014 Multi-media artists and animators .......................................................................... 75 13.9 21.7 11 2

27-1020 Designers ................................................................................................................... 532 11.4 13.4 66 7

27-1021 Commercial and industrial designers ..................................................................... 52 11.4 13.4 6 1

27-1022 Fashion designers .................................................................................................. 15 11.4 13.4 2 2 ( )

27-1023 Floral designers ...................................................................................................... 104 11.4 13.4 13 1

27-1024 Graphic designers .................................................................................................. 212 11.4 13.4 27 3

27-1025 Interior designers ................................................................................................... 60 11.4 13.4 8 1

27-1026 Merchandise displayers and window trimmers ...................................................... 77 11.4 13.4 9 1

27-1027 Set and exhibit designers ....................................................................................... 12 11.4 13.4 2 2 ( )

27-1099 All other art and design workers ................................................................................. 95 13.1 17.8 13 2

27-2000 Entertainers and performers, sports and related occupations ....................................... 606 14.4 20.6 95 12

27-2010 Actors, producers, and directors ................................................................................ 139 11.6 13.9 18 2

27-2011 Actors1 ................................................................................................................... 63 11.7 12.7 8 1

27-2012 Producers and directors1 ....................................................................................... 76 11.5 15.0 10 1

27-2020 Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers ...................................................... 158 17.8 19.2 31 3

27-2021 Athletes and sports competitors ............................................................................. 15 17.8 19.2 3 2 ( )

27-2022 Coaches and scouts ............................................................................................... 130 17.8 19.2 25 2

27-2023 Umpires, referees, and other sports officials .......................................................... 14 17.8 19.2 3 2 ( )

27-2030 Dancers and choreographers ..................................................................................... 37 14.9 61.5 6 2

27-2031 Dancers1 ................................................................................................................ 20 14.9 61.5 3 1

27-2032 Choreographers1 .................................................................................................... 17 14.9 61.5 3 1

27-2040 Musicians, singers, and related workers .................................................................... 215 13.5 21.0 32 5

27-2041 Music directors and composers ............................................................................. 54 13.5 21.0 8 1

27-2042 Musicians and singers ............................................................................................ 161 13.5 21.0 24 3

27-2099 All other entertainers and performers, sports and related workers1 ........................... 56 14.8 12.2 9 1

27-3000 Media and communication occupations ......................................................................... 700 12.6 19.6 95 14

27-3010 Announcers ................................................................................................................ 76 11.1 25.3 8 2

27-3020 News analysts, reporters and correspondents ........................................................... 66 9.2 24.2 6 2

27-3031 Public relations specialists ......................................................................................... 158 14.7 14.4 27 2

27-3040 Writers and editors ..................................................................................................... 319 11.8 21.9 41 7

27-3041 Editors .................................................................................................................... 130 9.4 24.2 13 3

27-3042 Technical writers .................................................................................................... 50 8.5 28.8 5 1

27-3043 Writers and authors ................................................................................................ 139 15.2 17.2 23 2

27-3090 Miscellaneous media and communications workers .................................................. 82 14.9 12.1 13 1

27-3091 Interpreters and translators1 .................................................................................. 24 14.9 12.1 4 2 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
174

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

27-3099 All other media and communication workers1 ........................................................ 58 14.9 12.1 9 1

27-4000 Media and communication equipment occupations ....................................................... 295 11.9 21.9 38 6

27-4010 Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators .......................... 93 9.2 24.5 9 2

27-4011 Audio and video equipment technicians ................................................................. 42 9.2 24.5 4 1

27-4012 Broadcast technicians ............................................................................................ 35 9.2 24.5 3 1

27-4013 Radio operators ...................................................................................................... 3 9.2 24.5 2 ( ) 2 ( )

27-4014 Sound engineering technicians .............................................................................. 13 9.2 24.5 1 2 ( )

27-4021 Photographers ............................................................................................................ 130 12.6 20.4 18 3

27-4030 Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors ......................... 48 11.2 21.2 6 1

27-4031 Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture ....................................... 28 11.2 21.2 3 1

27-4032 Film and video editors ............................................................................................ 19 11.2 21.2 2 2 ( )

27-4099 All other media and communication equipment workers ............................................ 24 20.2 21.3 5 1

29-0000 Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations ........................................................... 6,580 8.7 19.0 649 125

29-1000 Health diagnosing and treating practitioners .................................................................. 4,071 6.5 19.5 298 80

29-1011 Chiropractors1 ............................................................................................................ 49 4.0 18.9 2 1

29-1020 Dentists1 ..................................................................................................................... 153 4.0 16.8 6 3

29-1031 Dietitians and nutritionists .......................................................................................... 49 14.6 26.0 8 1

29-1041 Optometrists1 ............................................................................................................. 32 3.9 27.7 1 1

29-1051 Pharmacists1 .............................................................................................................. 230 6.9 19.4 18 4

29-1060 Physicians and surgeons ........................................................................................... 583 4.6 13.4 29 8

29-1071 Physician assistants1 ................................................................................................. 63 6.3 15.4 5 1

29-1081 Podiatrists1 ................................................................................................................. 13 3.9 24.3 1 2 ( )

29-1111 Registered nurses ...................................................................................................... 2,284 6.7 20.9 173 48

29-1120 Therapists .................................................................................................................. 450 8.3 19.6 43 9

29-1121 Audiologists1 .......................................................................................................... 11 8.4 24.2 1 2 ( )

29-1122 Occupational therapists1 ........................................................................................ 82 8.2 13.5 8 1

29-1123 Physical therapists1 ................................................................................................ 137 8.3 9.8 13 1

29-1124 Radiation therapists1 .............................................................................................. 14 7.4 22.8 1 2 ( )

29-1125 Recreational therapists1 ......................................................................................... 27 8.7 23.9 2 1

29-1126 Respiratory therapists1 ........................................................................................... 86 8.2 32.9 8 3

29-1127 Speech-language pathologists1 ............................................................................. 94 8.3 24.9 9 2

29-1131 Veterinarians1 ............................................................................................................ 58 4.0 24.1 3 1

29-1198 All other health diagnosing and treating practitioners1 ............................................... 107 6.7 21.7 8 2

29-2000 Health technologists and technicians ............................................................................. 2,263 12.2 18.1 313 41

29-2010 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians ....................................................... 297 12.0 26.9 39 8

29-2011 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists ......................................................... 150 12.0 26.9 20 4

29-2012 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians ............................................................ 147 12.0 26.9 19 4

29-2021 Dental hygienists ........................................................................................................ 148 1.8 8.5 3 1

29-2030 Diagnostic related technologists and technicians ...................................................... 271 9.7 18.7 29 5

29-2031 Cardiovascular technologists and technicians ....................................................... 43 9.7 18.7 5 1

29-2032 Diagnostic medical sonographers .......................................................................... 37 9.7 18.7 4 1

29-2033 Nuclear medicine technologists ............................................................................. 17 9.7 18.7 2 2 ( )

29-2034 Radiologic technologists and technicians .............................................................. 174 9.7 18.7 19 3

29-2041 Emergency medical technicians and paramedics ...................................................... 179 14.4 11.5 30 2

29-2050 Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians ................................ 451 15.6 13.0 80 6

29-2051 Dietetic technicians1 ............................................................................................... 29 15.6 13.0 5 2 ( )

29-2052 Pharmacy technicians1 .......................................................................................... 211 15.6 13.0 38 3

29-2053 Psychiatric technicians1 ......................................................................................... 60 15.6 13.0 10 1

29-2054 Respiratory therapy technicians1 ........................................................................... 26 15.6 13.0 5 2 ( )

29-2055 Surgical technologists1 ........................................................................................... 72 15.6 13.0 13 1

29-2056 Veterinary technologists and technicians1 ............................................................. 53 15.6 13.0 10 1

29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses .................................................... 702 13.0 21.8 100 15

29-2071 Medical records and health information technicians .................................................. 147 11.6 14.3 21 2

29-2081 Opticians, dispensing1 ............................................................................................... 63 13.7 17.5 9 1

29-2090 Miscelaneous health technologists and technicians .................................................. 5 12.9 16.2 1 2 ( )

29-2091 Orthotists and prosthetists ..................................................................................... 5 12.9 16.2 1 2 ( )

29-9000 Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations ............................................. 56 14.3 21.7 9 1

29-9010 Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians ...................................... 41 14.3 21.7 61

29-9090 Miscelaneous health practitioners and technical workers .......................................... 14 14.3 21.7 2 2 ( )

29-9091 Athletic trainers ...................................................................................................... 14 14.3 21.7 2 2 ( )

29-9199 All other health practitioners and technical workers ....................................................... 190 13.5 18.1 29 3

See footnotes at end of table.
175

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

31-3900 Service occupations ............................................................................................................ 26,569 22.8 28.7 6,671 762

31-0000 Healthcare support occupations ......................................................................................... 3,310 17.5 15.9 681 53

31-1000 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ................................................................. 2,014 19.5 13.1 454 26

31-1011 Home health aides ..................................................................................................... 580 19.5 13.1 140 8

31-1012 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants .................................................................... 1,375 19.5 13.1 302 18

31-1013 Psychiatric aides ........................................................................................................ 59 19.5 13.1 12 1

31-2000 Occupational and physical therapist assistants and aides ............................................. 114 15.1 15.7 21 2

31-2010 Occupational therapist assistants and aides .............................................................. 27 11.1 12.7 4 2 ( )

31-2011 Occupational therapist assistants1 ......................................................................... 18 11.1 12.7 2 2 ( )

31-2012 Occupational therapist aides1 ................................................................................ 8 11.1 12.7 1 2 ( )

31-2020 Physical therapist assistants and aides ..................................................................... 87 16.3 16.7 17 1

31-2021 Physical therapist assistants1 ................................................................................ 50 16.3 16.7 10 1

31-2022 Physical therapist aides1 ........................................................................................ 37 16.3 16.7 7 1

31-9000 Other healthcare support occupations ........................................................................... 1,182 14.6 20.7 206 24

31-9011 Massage therapists .................................................................................................... 92 23.0 19.4 24 2

31-9090 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ......................................................... 1,090 13.9 20.8 181 23

31-9091 Dental assistants .................................................................................................... 266 8.7 28.0 28 7

31-9092 Medical assistants .................................................................................................. 365 15.6 18.5 73 7

31-9093 Medical equipment preparers ................................................................................. 36 15.6 18.5 6 1

31-9094 Medical transcriptionists ......................................................................................... 101 15.6 18.5 17 2

31-9095 Pharmacy aides ..................................................................................................... 60 15.6 18.5 10 1

31-9096 Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers ........................................ 63 15.6 18.5 11 1

31-9099 All other healthcare support workers ...................................................................... 198 15.6 18.5 35 4

33-0000 Protective service occupations ........................................................................................... 3,116 14.1 28.2 492 88

33-1000 First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers ......................................... 266 10.4 32.9 30 9

33-1010 First-line supervisors/managers, law enforcement workers ....................................... 147 10.4 32.2 17 5

33-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers ......................................... 33 10.3 29.5 4 1

33-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives ...................................... 114 10.5 33.0 13 4

33-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers1 .................. 63 10.4 41.2 7 3

33-1099 All other first-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers ........................ 56 10.5 25.4 7 1

33-2000 Fire fighting and prevention workers .............................................................................. 296 8.2 29.0 27 9

33-2011 Fire fighters ................................................................................................................ 282 8.2 29.0 26 8

33-2020 Fire inspectors ............................................................................................................ 14 8.7 28.5 1 2 ( )

33-3000 Law enforcement workers .............................................................................................. 1,179 8.8 23.9 116 28

33-3010 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ..................................................................... 442 9.1 20.7 45 9

33-3011 Bailiffs ..................................................................................................................... 15 9.1 20.7 1 2 ( )

33-3012 Correctional officers and jailers .............................................................................. 427 9.1 20.7 44 9

33-3021 Detectives and criminal investigators ......................................................................... 94 9.7 26.8 10 3

33-3031 Fish and game wardens1 ........................................................................................... 8 8.1 25.0 1 2 ( )

33-3041 Parking enforcement workers1 ................................................................................... 11 9.1 18.6 1 2 ( )

33-3050 Police officers ............................................................................................................. 625 8.4 25.8 59 16

33-3051 Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .......................................................................... 619 8.4 25.9 58 16

33-3052 Transit and railroad police ...................................................................................... 6 11.4 18.9 1 2 ( )

33-9000 Other protective service workers .................................................................................... 1,374 20.4 30.9 320 42

33-9011 Animal control workers ............................................................................................... 11 13.8 69.8 2 1

33-9021 Private detectives and investigators ........................................................................... 48 16.3 21.1 9 1

33-9030 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers ...................................................... 1,004 19.7 21.8 229 22

33-9031 Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators ......................................... 9 19.7 21.8 2 2 ( )

33-9032 Security guards ...................................................................................................... 995 19.7 21.8 227 22

33-9091 Crossing guards1 ....................................................................................................... 74 24.5 32.2 20 2

33-9095 All other protective service workers ........................................................................... 237 23.7 69.3 60 16

35-0000 Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................................................ 10,200 30.3 39.7 3,338 405

35-1000 Supervisors, food preparation and serving workers ....................................................... 824 21.2 24.7 188 20

35-1011 Chefs and head cooks ............................................................................................... 132 23.5 29.6 33 4

35-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers ................. 692 20.7 23.8 155 16

35-2000 Cooks and food preparation workers ............................................................................. 2,836 28.1 32.3 845 92

35-2010 Cooks ......................................................................................................................... 1,986 27.5 31.0 570 61

See footnotes at end of table.
176

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

35-2011 Cooks, fast food ..................................................................................................... 588 27.5 31.0 166 18

35-2012 Cooks, institution and cafeteria .............................................................................. 436 27.5 31.0 121 13

35-2013 Cooks, private household ....................................................................................... 8 27.5 31.0 2 2 ( )

35-2014 Cooks, restaurant ................................................................................................... 727 27.5 31.0 216 23

35-2015 Cooks, short order .................................................................................................. 227 27.5 31.0 65 7

35-2021 Food preparation workers .......................................................................................... 850 29.4 35.4 275 30

35-3000 Food and beverage serving workers .............................................................................. 5,211 32.6 47.9 1,857 249

35-3011 Bartenders .................................................................................................................. 463 20.8 39.5 100 18

35-3020 Fast food and counter workers ................................................................................... 2,457 35.4 47.5 965 117

35-3021 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food1 .................. 1,990 34.6 43.3 767 86

35-3022 Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop ......................... 467 39.0 65.3 198 30

35-3031 Waiters and waitresses .............................................................................................. 2,097 32.6 51.5 744 108

35-3041 Food servers, nonrestaurant ...................................................................................... 195 23.1 33.5 47 7

35-9000 Other food preparation and serving related workers ...................................................... 1,328 31.7 33.0 448 44

35-9011 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers .................................... 409 33.4 33.4 147 14

35-9021 Dishwashers ............................................................................................................... 505 32.0 33.8 169 17

35-9031 Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop ....................................... 298 30.3 31.8 98 9

35-9098 All other food preparation and serving related workers .............................................. 117 27.5 31.1 35 4

37-0000 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .......................................... 5,485 18.5 20.0 1,096 110

37-1000 Supervisors, building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers ........................ 380 10.3 18.0 43 7

37-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers ................... 230 10.7 23.6 27 5

37-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping

workers ............................................................................................................ 150 9.7 9.3 16 1

37-2000 Building cleaning and pest control workers .................................................................... 3,820 19.9 19.7 815 75

37-2010 Building cleaning workers .......................................................................................... 3,759 19.9 19.8 804 74

37-2011 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners ......................... 2,267 18.2 19.0 450 43

37-2012 Maids and housekeeping cleaners ......................................................................... 1,492 22.7 21.0 354 31

37-2021 Pest control workers1 ................................................................................................. 62 15.9 15.1 11 1

37-3000 Grounds maintenance workers ...................................................................................... 1,285 16.8 21.6 238 28

37-3010 Grounds maintenance workers .................................................................................. 1,160 16.7 21.8 215 25

37-3011 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ............................................................ 1,074 16.7 21.8 199 23

37-3012 Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation ..................................... 27 16.7 21.8 5 1

37-3013 Tree trimmers and pruners ..................................................................................... 59 16.7 21.8 11 1

37-9099 All other building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers ........................... 125 17.3 20.5 23 3

39-0000 Personal care and service occupations ............................................................................. 4,458 21.7 24.0 1,064 107

39-1000 Supervisors, personal care and service workers ........................................................... 276 11.7 24.2 34 7

39-1010 First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers ................................................... 60 13.7 21.0 9 1

39-1011 Gaming supervisors ............................................................................................... 39 13.7 21.0 6 1

39-1012 Slot key persons ..................................................................................................... 21 13.7 21.0 3 2 ( )

39-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers .................................... 216 11.2 25.1 25 5

39-2000 Animal care and service workers ................................................................................... 151 21.8 24.1 36 4

39-2011 Animal trainers ........................................................................................................... 26 15.4 20.6 4 1

39-2021 Nonfarm animal caretakers ........................................................................................ 125 23.1 24.9 32 3

39-3000 Entertainment attendants and related workers .............................................................. 507 26.3 35.7 149 18

39-3010 Gaming services workers ........................................................................................... 92 31.3 31.6 32 3

39-3011 Gaming dealers ...................................................................................................... 78 31.3 31.6 27 2

39-3012 Gaming and sports book writers and runners ........................................................ 14 31.3 31.6 5 2 ( )

39-3021 Motion picture projectionists1 ..................................................................................... 9 13.3 51.7 1 2 ( )

39-3031 Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers1 .............................................................. 105 24.2 57.0 27 6

39-3090 Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers ................................... 261 25.6 28.8 76 8

39-3091 Amusement and recreation attendants .................................................................. 234 25.6 28.8 68 7

39-3092 Costume attendants ............................................................................................... 4 25.6 28.8 1 2 ( )

39-3093 Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants ......................................... 23 25.6 28.8 71

39-3199 All other gaming service workers ............................................................................... 40 28.1 30.4 12 1

39-4000 Funeral service workers ................................................................................................. 33 11.0 20.9 4 1

39-4011 Embalmers ................................................................................................................. 7 11.0 20.9 1 2 ( )

39-4021 Funeral attendants ..................................................................................................... 26 11.0 20.9 3 1

See footnotes at end of table.
177

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

39-5000 Personal appearance workers ....................................................................................... 754 10.3 20.0 83 15

39-5010 Barbers and cosmetologists ....................................................................................... 651 10.2 20.1 71 13

39-5011 Barbers ................................................................................................................... 66 10.3 28.1 7 2

39-5012 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists ....................................................... 585 10.2 19.3 64 11

39-5090 Miscellaneous personal appearance workers ............................................................ 103 10.6 19.4 12 2

39-5091 Makeup artists, theatrical and performance ........................................................... 2 10.6 19.4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

39-5092 Manicurists and pedicurists .................................................................................... 51 10.6 19.4 6 1

39-5093 Shampooers ........................................................................................................... 25 10.6 19.4 3 2 ( )

39-5094 Skin care specialists ............................................................................................... 25 10.6 19.4 3 2 ( )

39-6000 Transportation, tourism, and lodging attendants ............................................................ 248 22.4 19.3 60 5

39-6010 Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges ............................................................... 75 24.4 26.4 20 2

39-6011 Baggage porters and bellhops1 .............................................................................. 58 24.4 26.4 15 2

39-6012 Concierges1 ........................................................................................................... 17 24.4 26.4 4 2 ( )

39-6020 Tour and travel guides ............................................................................................... 43 24.3 26.5 11 1

39-6021 Tour guides and escorts1 ....................................................................................... 36 24.3 26.5 9 1

39-6022 Travel guides1 ........................................................................................................ 6 24.3 26.5 2 2 ( )

39-6030 Transportation attendants .......................................................................................... 130 20.6 12.8 29 2

39-6031 Flight attendants1 ................................................................................................... 104 20.6 12.8 23 1

39-6032 Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters1 ........... 26 20.6 12.8 6 2 ( )

39-9000 Other personal care and service workers ...................................................................... 2,490 25.1 23.2 698 58

39-9011 Child care workers ..................................................................................................... 1,211 32.3 27.2 414 33

39-9021 Personal and home care aides .................................................................................. 608 21.4 16.0 156 10

39-9030 Recreation and fitness workers .................................................................................. 485 16.4 22.9 91 11

39-9031 Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors ............................................................... 183 16.4 22.9 37 4

39-9032 Recreation workers ................................................................................................ 302 16.4 22.9 54 7

39-9041 Residential advisors ................................................................................................... 53 19.1 21.1 12 1

39-9099 Personal care and service workers, all other ............................................................. 134 16.5 21.5 25 3

41-0000 Sales and related occupations ........................................................................................... 15,260 21.1 31.9 3,421 487

41-1000 Supervisors, sales workers ................................................................................................ 2,395 12.7 18.2 316 44

41-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers ................................................. 1,798 13.1 18.0 246 32

41-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers .......................................... 597 11.4 18.9 70 11

41-2000 Retail sales workers ........................................................................................................... 8,224 28.1 41.4 2,476 341

41-2010 Cashiers ......................................................................................................................... 3,465 34.3 48.7 1,266 169

41-2011 Cashiers, except gaming ............................................................................................ 3,432 34.3 48.7 1,253 167

41-2012 Gaming change persons and booth cashiers ............................................................. 33 34.3 48.7 13 2

41-2020 Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons ......................................................... 683 25.2 34.8 186 24

41-2021 Counter and rental clerks ........................................................................................... 436 30.3 38.3 149 17

41-2022 Parts salespersons ..................................................................................................... 248 14.7 28.6 36 7

41-2031 Retail salespersons ........................................................................................................ 4,076 23.4 36.4 1,025 148

41-3000 Sales representatives, services ......................................................................................... 957 12.4 19.0 124 18

41-3011 Advertising sales agents ................................................................................................ 157 13.8 19.4 23 3

41-3021 Insurance sales agents .................................................................................................. 381 12.7 23.9 51 9

41-3031 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents ........................................ 300 11.6 11.3 37 3

41-3041 Travel agents1 ................................................................................................................ 118 11.8 22.4 13 3

41-4000 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ........................................................ 1,857 9.1 26.3 184 49

41-4011 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific

products1 ......................................................................................................... 398 9.1 26.3 40 10

41-4012 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific

products1 ......................................................................................................... 1,459 9.1 26.3 145 38

41-9000 Other sales and related workers ........................................................................................ 1,827 16.8 19.8 321 36

41-9010 Models, demonstrators, and product promoters ............................................................ 179 20.3 22.2 39 4

41-9011 Demonstrators and product promoters ...................................................................... 175 20.3 22.2 38 4

41-9012 Models ........................................................................................................................ 5 20.3 22.2 1 2 ( )

41-9020 Real estate brokers and sales agents ............................................................................ 407 10.5 19.9 44 8

41-9021 Real estate brokers .................................................................................................... 99 10.5 19.9 11 2

41-9022 Real estate sales agents ............................................................................................ 308 10.5 19.9 33 6

41-9031 Sales engineers1 ............................................................................................................ 82 6.1 29.8 5 2

41-9041 Telemarketers ................................................................................................................ 428 21.0 16.4 88 7

See footnotes at end of table.
178

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

41-9091 Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers ................. 155 25.2 23.6 37 4

41-9098 All other sales and related workers ................................................................................ 577 16.6 19.0 108 11

43-0000 Office and administrative support occupations ................................................................ 23,851 16.7 22.9 4,118 545

43-1000 Supervisors, office and administrative support workers ..................................................... 1,459 8.9 21.5 135 31

43-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers ............... 1,459 8.9 21.5 135 31

43-2000 Communications equipment operators .............................................................................. 304 19.1 25.4 55 8

43-2011 Switchboard operators, including answering service ..................................................... 236 20.2 25.6 48 6

43-2021 Telephone operators ...................................................................................................... 50 13.1 25.9 5 1

43-2099 All other communications equipment operators ............................................................. 18 16.3 21.4 3 2 ( )

43-3000 Financial clerks .................................................................................................................. 3,726 15.3 23.5 589 88

43-3011 Bill and account collectors .............................................................................................. 413 15.9 18.8 74 8

43-3021 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators .......................................................... 507 14.7 17.0 77 9

43-3031 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks ............................................................... 1,983 13.5 18.7 272 37

43-3041 Gaming cage workers .................................................................................................... 18 36.4 48.7 7 1

43-3051 Payroll and timekeeping clerks ...................................................................................... 198 9.1 26.4 19 5

43-3061 Procurement clerks ........................................................................................................ 77 17.4 25.4 13 2

43-3071 Tellers ............................................................................................................................ 530 22.9 49.3 127 26

43-4000 Information and record clerks ............................................................................................. 5,394 20.5 21.3 1,198 115

43-4011 Brokerage clerks ............................................................................................................ 78 12.8 13.3 9 1

43-4021 Correspondence clerks .................................................................................................. 33 20.0 29.7 7 1

43-4031 Court, municipal, and license clerks ............................................................................... 106 11.8 22.2 13 2

43-4041 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks ........................................................................ 80 19.3 19.2 15 2

43-4051 Customer service representatives .................................................................................. 1,894 19.7 14.9 419 28

43-4061 Eligibility interviewers, government programs ................................................................ 94 12.6 26.7 11 3

43-4071 File clerks ....................................................................................................................... 265 23.4 29.7 62 8

43-4081 Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks ............................................................................... 178 23.7 44.9 47 8

43-4111 Interviewers, except eligibility and loan .......................................................................... 193 20.8 25.8 46 5

43-4121 Library assistants, clerical .............................................................................................. 120 20.4 40.5 27 5

43-4131 Loan interviewers and clerks .......................................................................................... 170 18.3 13.7 29 2

43-4141 New accounts clerks ...................................................................................................... 99 23.2 25.1 24 2

43-4151 Order clerks .................................................................................................................... 330 18.6 22.5 60 7

43-4161 Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping ...................................... 174 18.7 21.5 36 4

43-4171 Receptionists and information clerks ............................................................................. 1,100 23.9 24.6 302 27

43-4181 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks1 .................................... 177 18.7 26.1 35 5

43-4999 All other financial, information, and record clerks .......................................................... 304 18.6 15.7 57 5

43-5000 Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing occupations ........................ 4,005 19.0 29.4 763 118

43-5011 Cargo and freight agents ................................................................................................ 59 12.3 22.5 8 1

43-5021 Couriers and messengers .............................................................................................. 132 18.3 22.9 25 3

43-5030 Dispatchers .................................................................................................................... 262 15.0 21.5 42 6

43-5031 Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers .................................................................... 92 15.0 21.5 15 2

43-5032 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance ........................................................ 170 15.0 21.5 27 4

43-5041 Meter readers, utilities1 .................................................................................................. 54 18.4 31.5 9 2

43-5050 Postal service workers ................................................................................................... 664 6.4 28.9 42 19

43-5051 Postal service clerks .................................................................................................. 77 6.9 26.4 5 2

43-5052 Postal service mail carriers1 ....................................................................................... 334 6.0 31.3 20 10

43-5053 Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators ............ 253 6.9 26.4 17 7

43-5061 Production, planning, and expediting clerks1 ................................................................. 288 16.4 24.2 50 7

43-5071 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ............................................................................. 803 18.9 20.5 154 16

43-5081 Stock clerks and order fillers .......................................................................................... 1,628 25.7 37.0 409 60

43-5111 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .................................... 81 18.4 25.3 16 2

43-5199 All other material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers ............. 34 25.7 37.0 8 1

43-6000 Secretaries and administrative assistants .......................................................................... 4,104 12.9 19.2 540 79

43-6011 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ...................................................... 1,526 12.9 19.2 205 29

43-6012 Legal secretaries ............................................................................................................ 264 12.9 19.2 37 5

43-6013 Medical secretaries ........................................................................................................ 339 12.9 19.2 47 7

43-6014 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ......................................................... 1,975 12.9 19.2 251 38

43-9000 Other office and administrative support workers ................................................................ 4,858 17.0 22.1 838 107

See footnotes at end of table.
179

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

43-9011 Computer operators ....................................................................................................... 182 14.8 21.3 25 4

43-9020 Data entry and information processing workers ............................................................. 633 18.4 23.0 106 15

43-9021 Data entry keyers ....................................................................................................... 392 18.3 23.6 70 9

43-9022 Word processors and typists ...................................................................................... 241 18.6 22.0 36 5

43-9031 Desktop publishers ......................................................................................................... 35 9.5 22.6 4 1

43-9041 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks .............................................................. 266 14.9 16.1 40 4

43-9051 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service ..................................... 170 17.0 29.9 29 5

43-9061 Office clerks, general ..................................................................................................... 2,991 17.4 22.1 546 66

43-9071 Office machine operators, except computer .................................................................. 96 18.0 25.2 17 2

43-9081 Proofreaders and copy markers1 ................................................................................... 27 19.3 20.5 5 1

43-9111 Statistical assistants ....................................................................................................... 23 10.6 16.0 2 2 ( )

43-9999 All other secretaries, administrative assistants, and other office support workers ......... 435 14.7 21.2 64 9

45-0000 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ...................................................................... 1,072 21.5 26.8 235 29

45-1000 Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers ........................................................... 52 10.8 22.9 6 1

45-2000 Agricultural workers ............................................................................................................ 804 22.5 28.0 185 23

45-2011 Agricultural inspectors .................................................................................................... 16 21.8 24.3 4 2 ( )

45-2021 Animal breeders ............................................................................................................. 9 7.2 16.7 1 2 ( )

45-2041 Graders and sorters, agricultural products ..................................................................... 49 21.8 26.5 11 1

45-2090 Miscellaneous agricultural workers ................................................................................ 731 22.7 28.3 169 21

45-2091 Agricultural equipment operators ............................................................................... 61 22.7 28.3 14 2

45-2092 Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ...................................... 617 22.7 28.3 143 17

45-2093 Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals ....................................................................... 53 22.7 28.3 12 2

45-3000 Fishing and hunting workers .............................................................................................. 38 17.4 29.6 6 1

45-3011 Fishers and related fishing workers1 .............................................................................. 36 17.6 28.5 6 1

45-3021 Hunters and trappers1 .................................................................................................... 1 12.9 57.9 2 ( ) 2 ( )

45-4000 Forest, conservation, and logging workers ........................................................................ 81 20.3 19.5 16 2

45-4011 Forest and conservation workers ................................................................................... 14 17.8 24.6 3 2 ( )

45-4020 Logging workers ............................................................................................................. 67 20.9 18.4 14 1

45-4021 Fallers ........................................................................................................................ 14 20.9 18.4 3 2 ( )

45-4022 Logging equipment operators .................................................................................... 43 20.9 18.4 9 1

45-4023 Log graders and scalers ............................................................................................. 10 20.9 18.4 2 2 ( )

45-9099 All other farming, fishing, and forestry workers .................................................................. 96 22.2 24.1 22 2

47-0000 Construction and extraction occupations ......................................................................... 7,292 12.8 19.8 1,000 145

47-1000 Supervisors, construction and extraction workers .............................................................. 633 9.2 17.0 63 11

47-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers1 ........... 633 9.2 17.0 63 11

47-2000 Construction trades and related workers ........................................................................... 5,596 12.8 18.4 774 103

47-2011 Boilermakers1 ................................................................................................................. 25 6.2 36.4 2 1

47-2020 Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons ............................................................. 165 12.8 14.9 23 2

47-2021 Brickmasons and blockmasons1 ................................................................................ 148 12.8 14.9 20 2

47-2022 Stonemasons1 ............................................................................................................ 17 12.8 14.9 2 2 ( )

47-2031 Carpenters ..................................................................................................................... 1,209 14.9 16.3 190 20

47-2040 Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers ................................................................. 164 10.1 15.6 18 3

47-2041 Carpet installers ......................................................................................................... 82 10.1 15.6 9 1

47-2042 Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles ....................................................... 31 10.1 15.6 3 2 ( )

47-2043 Floor sanders and finishers ........................................................................................ 17 10.1 15.6 2 2 ( )

47-2044 Tile and marble setters ............................................................................................... 33 10.1 15.6 4 1

47-2050 Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers ........................................... 188 10.7 20.1 23 4

47-2051 Cement masons and concrete finishers ..................................................................... 182 10.7 20.1 22 4

47-2053 Terrazzo workers and finishers .................................................................................. 6 10.7 20.1 1 2 ( )

47-2061 Construction laborers ..................................................................................................... 938 16.3 13.3 163 12

47-2070 Construction equipment operators ................................................................................. 416 12.0 24.0 52 10

47-2071 Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators1 .............................................. 58 12.9 14.3 8 1

47-2072 Pile-driver operators ................................................................................................... 5 14.6 16.9 1 2 ( )

47-2073 Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators ............................ 353 11.8 25.7 44 9

47-2080 Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers ........................................................ 176 10.4 21.7 20 4

47-2081 Drywall and ceiling tile installers ................................................................................ 135 10.4 21.7 16 3

47-2082 Tapers ........................................................................................................................ 41 10.4 21.7 5 1

47-2111 Electricians ..................................................................................................................... 659 7.6 19.8 56 13

See footnotes at end of table.
180

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

47-2121 Glaziers1 ........................................................................................................................ 49 12.8 20.9 7 1

47-2130 Insulation workers .......................................................................................................... 53 14.6 30.2 8 2

47-2140 Painters and paperhangers ............................................................................................ 468 14.2 15.1 70 7

47-2141 Painters, construction and maintenance .................................................................... 448 14.3 15.2 68 7

47-2142 Paperhangers1 ........................................................................................................... 20 12.9 12.7 3 2 ( )

47-2150 Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ........................................................ 550 9.5 23.0 57 13

47-2151 Pipelayers .................................................................................................................. 58 9.5 23.0 6 1

47-2152 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ....................................................................... 492 9.5 23.0 51 11

47-2161 Plasterers and stucco masons1 ..................................................................................... 59 12.8 18.3 8 1

47-2171 Reinforcing iron and rebar workers ................................................................................ 29 7.0 19.4 2 1

47-2181 Roofers ........................................................................................................................... 166 21.1 23.3 38 4

47-2211 Sheet metal workers ...................................................................................................... 205 12.5 24.0 28 5

47-2221 Structural iron and steel workers .................................................................................... 78 9.7 19.6 8 2

47-3000 Helpers, construction trades .............................................................................................. 431 15.4 41.5 71 18

47-3010 Helpers, construction trades .......................................................................................... 431 15.4 41.5 71 18

47-3011 Helpers—brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters .... 59 15.4 41.5 9 2

47-3012 Helpers—carpenters .................................................................................................. 97 15.4 41.5 16 4

47-3013 Helpers—electricians ................................................................................................. 99 15.4 41.5 17 4

47-3014 Helpers—painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons ........................... 31 15.4 41.5 5 1

47-3015 Helpers—pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ..................................... 79 15.4 41.5 13 3

47-3016 Helpers—roofers ........................................................................................................ 21 15.4 41.5 4 1

47-3019 All other helpers, construction trades ......................................................................... 44 15.4 41.5 7 2

47-4000 Other construction and related workers ............................................................................. 354 13.8 19.1 52 7

47-4011 Construction and building inspectors1 ............................................................................ 84 10.1 22.5 9 2

47-4021 Elevator installers and repairers1 ................................................................................... 21 11.2 24.7 3 1

47-4031 Fence erectors ............................................................................................................... 27 11.9 14.8 3 2 ( )

47-4041 Hazardous materials removal workers ........................................................................... 38 16.7 26.4 8 1

47-4051 Highway maintenance workers ...................................................................................... 154 15.3 14.5 25 2

47-4061 Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators ............................................... 11 14.0 22.6 1 2 ( )

47-4071 Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners .............................................................. 18 16.6 26.7 3 2 ( )

47-4090 Miscellaneous construction and related workers ........................................................... 2 12.0 16.0 2 ( ) 2 ( )

47-4091 Segmental pavers ...................................................................................................... 2 12.0 16.0 2 ( ) 2 ( )

47-4999 All other construction trades and related workers .............................................................. 110 12.0 16.0 15 2

47-5000 Extraction workers .............................................................................................................. 167 14.5 27.1 24 5

47-5010 Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining .............................. 41 11.8 29.0 5 1

47-5011 Derrick operators, oil and gas1 ................................................................................... 15 11.8 29.0 2 2 ( )

47-5012 Rotary drill operators, oil and gas1 ............................................................................. 14 11.8 29.0 2 2 ( )

47-5013 Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining1 .............................................................. 13 11.8 29.0 2 2 ( )

47-5021 Earth drillers, except oil and gas1 .................................................................................. 23 12.8 21.1 3 2 ( )

47-5031 Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters1 ..................................... 5 15.5 38.1 1 2 ( )

47-5040 Mining machine operators .............................................................................................. 18 15.2 28.4 3 1

47-5041 Continuous mining machine operators1 ..................................................................... 8 15.2 28.4 1 2 ( )

47-5042 Mine cutting and channeling machine operators1 ...................................................... 5 15.2 28.4 1 2 ( )

47-5049 All other mining machine operators1 .......................................................................... 4 15.2 28.4 1 2 ( )

47-5051 Rock splitters, quarry ..................................................................................................... 3 13.0 24.7 2 ( ) 2 ( )

47-5061 Roof bolters, mining1 ...................................................................................................... 4 17.0 18.2 1 2 ( )

47-5071 Roustabouts, oil and gas1 .............................................................................................. 32 15.2 27.7 5 1

47-5081 Helpers—extraction workers1 ........................................................................................ 29 18.7 28.2 6 1

47-5099 Extraction workers, all other ........................................................................................... 12 13.0 24.7 2 2 ( )

49-0000 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ........................................................... 5,696 10.5 22.9 638 131

49-1000 Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers ............................................ 444 7.9 25.1 38 11

49-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers ....................... 444 7.9 25.1 38 11

49-2000 Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers .......................... 689 10.4 19.2 74 13

49-2011 Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers ............................................ 156 10.7 12.2 18 2

49-2020 Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers ............................... 226 10.4 20.7 23 5

49-2021 Radio mechanics ........................................................................................................ 7 10.4 20.7 1 2 ( )

49-2022 Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers ......... 219 10.4 20.7 23 5

49-2090 Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and

repairers .......................................................................................................... 284 10.2 21.8 31 6

49-2091 Avionics technicians ................................................................................................... 23 11.3 24.2 3 1

See footnotes at end of table.
181

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

49-2092 Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers ....................................................... 31 10.7 24.0 3 1

49-2093 Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment ............ 18 12.9 24.4 2 2 ( )

49-2094 Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment ................ 85 10.4 22.0 9 2

49-2095 Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay ................... 21 10.4 22.0 2 2 ( )

49-2096 Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles ................................... 18 6.4 24.2 1 2 ( )

49-2097 Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers ........................... 43 11.7 19.6 5 1

49-2098 Security and fire alarm systems installers .................................................................. 46 8.0 19.1 4 1

49-2099 All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ........ 22 10.4 20.7 3 2 ( )

49-3000 Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ................................. 1,817 10.9 25.8 210 47

49-3011 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians1 .................................................................. 131 7.7 23.6 11 3

49-3020 Automotive technicians and repairers ............................................................................ 1,038 10.9 25.2 121 26

49-3021 Automotive body and related repairers ...................................................................... 198 10.4 20.3 22 4

49-3022 Automotive glass installers and repairers .................................................................. 22 12.4 19.0 3 2 ( )

49-3023 Automotive service technicians and mechanics ......................................................... 818 11.0 26.6 96 22

49-3031 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ................................................ 267 9.1 25.7 26 7

49-3040 Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics .................... 176 8.8 21.7 16 4

49-3041 Farm equipment mechanics ....................................................................................... 35 8.8 21.7 3 1

49-3042 Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines ................................................ 126 8.8 21.7 12 3

49-3043 Rail car repairers ........................................................................................................ 15 8.8 21.7 1 2 ( )

49-3050 Small engine mechanics ................................................................................................ 67 6.6 24.8 5 2

49-3051 Motorboat mechanics1 ............................................................................................... 22 6.6 24.8 2 1

49-3052 Motorcycle mechanics1 .............................................................................................. 15 6.6 24.8 1 2 ( )

49-3053 Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics1 ................................ 30 6.6 24.8 2 1

49-3090 Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers1 ..... 102 25.7 42.5 28 4

49-3091 Bicycle repairers ......................................................................................................... 7 25.7 42.5 2 2 ( )

49-3092 Recreational vehicle service technicians ................................................................... 13 25.7 42.5 4 1

49-3093 Tire repairers and changers ....................................................................................... 83 25.7 42.5 22 4

49-3099 All other vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ................ 36 11.0 26.6 4 1

49-9000 Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................................... 2,746 10.7 21.6 316 59

49-9010 Control and valve installers and repairers ...................................................................... 49 11.4 25.0 6 1

49-9011 Mechanical door repairers .......................................................................................... 11 11.4 25.0 1 2 ( )

49-9012 Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door .......................... 38 11.4 25.0 5 1

49-9021 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers ............................ 249 10.9 13.3 31 3

49-9031 Home appliance repairers .............................................................................................. 42 11.8 23.8 5 1

49-9040 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers ............................... 1,628 10.1 19.7 176 32

49-9041 Industrial machinery mechanics ................................................................................. 197 9.2 20.1 19 4

49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general .................................................................. 1,266 10.6 19.2 145 24

49-9043 Maintenance workers, machinery .............................................................................. 92 4.7 22.6 4 2

49-9044 Millwrights .................................................................................................................. 69 9.4 24.3 7 2

49-9045 Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons .................................................. 4 9.2 20.1 2 ( ) 2 ( )

49-9050 Line installers and repairers ........................................................................................... 268 7.1 28.9 20 8

49-9051 Electrical power-line installers and repairers .............................................................. 101 8.9 31.7 9 3

49-9052 Telecommunications line installers and repairers ...................................................... 167 6.1 27.2 11 5

49-9060 Precision instrument and equipment repairers ............................................................... 64 11.1 28.0 7 2

49-9061 Camera and photographic equipment repairers ......................................................... 7 11.1 28.0 1 2 ( )

49-9062 Medical equipment repairers ...................................................................................... 29 11.1 28.0 3 1

49-9063 Musical instrument repairers and tuners .................................................................... 6 11.1 28.0 1 2 ( )

49-9064 Watch repairers .......................................................................................................... 5 11.1 28.0 1 2 ( )

49-9069 All other precision instrument and equipment repairers ............................................. 17 11.1 28.0 2 2 ( )

49-9090 Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers ........................................ 447 14.5 27.4 70 12

49-9091 Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers ............................. 43 14.0 24.2 6 1

49-9092 Commercial divers1 .................................................................................................... 4 14.8 15.1 1 2 ( )

49-9093 Fabric menders, except garment ............................................................................... 2 10.6 22.7 2 ( ) 2 ( )

49-9094 Locksmiths and safe repairers1 .................................................................................. 23 11.2 33.4 3 1

49-9095 Manufactured building and mobile home installers .................................................... 18 9.5 24.3 2 2 ( )

49-9096 Riggers ....................................................................................................................... 14 19.2 22.8 3 2 ( )

49-9097 Signal and track switch repairers ............................................................................... 8 11.7 35.0 1 2 ( )

49-9098 Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair workers1 .......................................... 150 20.1 33.8 33 5

49-9099 Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other ............................................. 185 10.6 22.7 21 4

51-0000 Production occupations ...................................................................................................... 11,258 12.8 23.8 1,461 268

See footnotes at end of table.
182

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

51-1000 Supervisors, production workers ........................................................................................ 733 8.0 21.0 62 15

51-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers ........................... 733 8.0 21.0 62 15

51-2000 Assemblers and fabricators ................................................................................................ 2,122 11.2 25.4 233 54

51-2011 Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers ....................................... 27 6.5 27.4 2 1

51-2020 Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers ............................................ 377 6.8 23.6 24 9

51-2021 Coil winders, tapers, and finishers ............................................................................. 36 6.8 23.6 2 1

51-2022 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ........................................................ 281 6.8 23.6 17 7

51-2023 Electromechanical equipment assemblers ................................................................. 60 6.8 23.6 4 1

51-2031 Engine and other machine assemblers .......................................................................... 50 6.3 28.0 3 1

51-2041 Structural metal fabricators and fitters ........................................................................... 89 15.7 23.5 14 2

51-2090 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .................................................................... 1,579 12.1 25.9 191 41

51-2091 Fiberglass laminators and fabricators ........................................................................ 37 12.1 25.9 5 1

51-2092 Team assemblers ....................................................................................................... 1,174 12.1 25.9 141 30

51-2093 Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators ............................................... 7 12.1 25.9 1 2 ( )

51-2099 All other assemblers and fabricators .......................................................................... 361 12.1 25.9 44 9

51-3000 Food processing occupations ............................................................................................ 757 15.5 22.7 123 17

51-3011 Bakers ............................................................................................................................ 173 15.5 23.2 28 4

51-3020 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers .................................... 414 15.9 21.9 69 9

51-3021 Butchers and meat cutters ......................................................................................... 132 15.9 21.9 21 3

51-3022 Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers .............................................................. 154 15.9 21.9 26 3

51-3023 Slaughterers and meat packers ................................................................................. 128 15.9 21.9 22 3

51-3090 Miscellaneous food processing workers ........................................................................ 127 14.1 24.8 19 3

51-3091 Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders ...... 19 13.4 28.6 3 1

51-3092 Food batchmakers1 .................................................................................................... 74 13.5 24.6 10 2

51-3093 Food cooking machine operators and tenders ........................................................... 34 16.0 22.9 6 1

51-3099 All other food processing workers .................................................................................. 42 15.9 21.9 7 1

51-4000 Metal workers and plastic workers ..................................................................................... 2,367 10.4 24.2 254 57

51-4010 Computer control programmers and operators .............................................................. 151 7.2 16.5 11 2

51-4011 Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic ................................ 132 7.2 16.5 10 2

51-4012 Numerical tool and process control programmers ..................................................... 19 7.2 16.5 1 2 ( )

51-4020 Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ............................ 188 10.2 26.3 20 5

51-4021 Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic1 98 13.3 33.3 13 3

51-4022 Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic1 ........................ 45 6.1 14.7 3 1

51-4023 Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................... 44 7.3 22.6 3 1

51-4030 Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................ 546 10.6 22.1 59 12

51-4031 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic .............................................................................................................. 283 12.5 23.2 37 7

51-4032 Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic1 53 9.0 29.2 5 2

51-4033 Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and

tenders, metal and plastic ............................................................................... 104 8.4 19.1 9 2

51-4034 Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ... 75 8.7 19.2 7 1

51-4035 Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........ 31 7.1 17.2 2 1

51-4041 Machinists ...................................................................................................................... 387 6.9 23.3 28 9

51-4050 Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders ................................................................ 31 13.3 22.4 4 1

51-4051 Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders1 ........................................................... 18 13.3 22.4 2 2 ( )

51-4052 Pourers and casters, metal1 ....................................................................................... 13 13.3 22.4 2 2 ( )

51-4060 Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic ..................................................... 15 6.3 31.9 1 2 ( )

51-4061 Model makers, metal and plastic ................................................................................ 9 6.3 31.9 1 2 ( )

51-4062 Patternmakers, metal and plastic ............................................................................... 6 6.3 31.9 2 ( ) 2 ( )

51-4070 Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........ 174 11.0 24.9 20 4

51-4071 Foundry mold and coremakers .................................................................................. 23 11.0 24.9 3 1

51-4072 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal

and plastic ....................................................................................................... 151 11.0 24.9 17 4

51-4081 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ...................... 99 7.1 27.6 7 3

51-4111 Tool and die makers ....................................................................................................... 109 2.5 22.5 3 2

51-4120 Welding, soldering, and brazing workers ....................................................................... 452 16.5 28.2 80 13

51-4121 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers ................................................................... 391 16.5 28.2 70 11

51-4122 Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders ................ 61 16.5 28.2 10 2

51-4190 Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers .......................................................... 215 10.0 24.9 22 5

51-4191 Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic1 ............ 29 12.9 31.4 4 1

See footnotes at end of table.
183

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

51-4192 Lay-out workers, metal and plastic ............................................................................. 13 6.4 15.2 1 2 ( )

51-4193 Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic1 ..... 44 13.0 21.8 6 1

51-4194 Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners1 ........................................................................ 26 6.0 32.4 2 1

51-4199 All other metal workers and plastic workers ............................................................... 104 9.5 23.7 10 2

51-5000 Printing occupations ........................................................................................................... 465 10.9 24.0 51 11

51-5010 Bookbinders and bindery workers .................................................................................. 98 6.4 26.7 6 3

51-5011 Bindery workers1 ........................................................................................................ 91 6.4 26.7 6 2

51-5012 Bookbinders1 .............................................................................................................. 7 6.4 26.7 2 ( ) 2 ( )

51-5020 Printers ........................................................................................................................... 346 12.0 23.3 42 8

51-5021 Job printers ................................................................................................................ 56 10.8 23.5 6 1

51-5022 Prepress technicians and workers ............................................................................. 91 6.2 23.4 5 2

51-5023 Printing machine operators ........................................................................................ 199 14.7 23.2 30 5

51-5099 All other printing workers ................................................................................................ 21 14.7 23.2 3 2 ( )

51-6000 Textile, apparel, and furnishings occupations .................................................................... 1,085 15.6 19.3 157 21

51-6011 Laundry and dry-cleaning workers ................................................................................. 231 19.1 27.2 47 6

51-6021 Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials ........................................................... 91 21.1 15.7 19 1

51-6031 Sewing machine operators ............................................................................................. 315 12.5 12.4 33 4

51-6040 Shoe and leather workers .............................................................................................. 23 13.6 26.1 3 1

51-6041 Shoe and leather workers and repairers1 .................................................................. 16 14.6 31.4 2 1

51-6042 Shoe machine operators and tenders1 ...................................................................... 7 11.0 13.0 1 2 ( )

51-6050 Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers ................................................................................. 90 16.2 17.4 14 2

51-6051 Sewers, hand ............................................................................................................. 36 16.2 17.4 5 1

51-6052 Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers ................................................................. 53 16.2 17.4 8 1

51-6060 Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................................................ 179 12.7 18.1 19 3

51-6061 Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders ................................... 27 13.2 25.6 3 1

51-6062 Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................................ 34 11.0 22.1 3 1

51-6063 Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders1 ..................... 53 10.7 11.2 5 1

51-6064 Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders1 66 14.9 18.6 8 1

51-6090 Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers ................................................ 156 14.7 25.2 22 4

51-6091 Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass

fibers1 .............................................................................................................. 27 14.9 19.4 4 1

51-6092 Fabric and apparel patternmakers1 ............................................................................ 11 12.4 46.7 1 1

51-6093 Upholsterers1 ............................................................................................................. 56 15.5 25.4 8 1

51-6099 All other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers ...................................................... 61 14.3 23.6 9 1

51-7000 Woodworkers ..................................................................................................................... 374 11.8 25.7 45 10

51-7011 Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters ........................................................................... 147 9.3 25.1 14 4

51-7021 Furniture finishers1 ......................................................................................................... 39 8.5 20.2 3 1

51-7030 Model makers and patternmakers, wood ....................................................................... 9 7.3 29.0 1 2 ( )

51-7031 Model makers, wood1 ................................................................................................ 4 7.3 29.0 2 ( ) 2 ( )

51-7032 Patternmakers, wood1 ................................................................................................ 4 7.3 29.0 2 ( ) 2 ( )

51-7040 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders ................................................. 151 15.7 27.0 24 4

51-7041 Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood ............................................ 56 18.0 28.3 10 2

51-7042 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing .................... 95 14.4 26.3 14 2

51-7099 All other woodworkers1 .................................................................................................. 29 10.5 28.9 3 1

51-8000 Plant and system operators ............................................................................................... 346 7.3 29.4 26 10

51-8010 Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers ..................................................... 51 7.1 26.9 4 1

51-8011 Nuclear power reactor operators1 .............................................................................. 3 7.1 26.9 2 ( ) 2 ( )

51-8012 Power distributors and dispatchers1 .......................................................................... 12 7.1 26.9 1 2 ( )

51-8013 Power plant operators1 .............................................................................................. 35 7.1 26.9 3 1

51-8021 Stationary engineers and boiler operators ..................................................................... 55 7.8 18.5 4 1

51-8031 Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators1 ..................................... 99 7.0 34.4 8 3

51-8090 Miscellaneous plant and system operators .................................................................... 141 7.4 31.0 10 4

51-8091 Chemical plant and system operators1 ...................................................................... 58 7.4 31.0 4 2

51-8092 Gas plant operators1 .................................................................................................. 12 7.4 31.0 1 2 ( )

51-8093 Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers1 ...................... 39 7.4 31.0 3 1

51-8099 All other plant and system operators1 ........................................................................ 32 7.4 31.0 2 1

51-9000 Other production occupations ............................................................................................ 3,010 16.3 24.2 510 73

51-9010 Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders ..................................... 94 13.4 32.0 12 3

51-9011 Chemical equipment operators and tenders1 ............................................................. 58 13.4 32.0 8 2

51-9012 Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators,

and tenders1 .................................................................................................... 36 13.4 32.0 5 1

See footnotes at end of table.
184

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

51-9020 Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers ......................................... 196 13.2 26.1 26 5

51-9021 Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders .............. 45 13.2 26.1 6 1

51-9022 Grinding and polishing workers, hand ........................................................................ 45 13.2 26.1 6 1

51-9023 Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders ................................... 106 13.2 26.1 14 3

51-9030 Cutting workers .............................................................................................................. 109 14.3 20.7 16 2

51-9031 Cutters and trimmers, hand ........................................................................................ 31 14.3 20.7 5 1

51-9032 Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders ..................................... 77 14.3 20.7 11 2

51-9041 Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and

tenders ............................................................................................................ 73 13.4 26.3 10 2

51-9051 Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders .......................................... 31 13.3 23.9 4 1

51-9061 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers ..................................................... 515 16.3 22.8 86 12

51-9071 Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers1 .......................................................... 40 6.6 19.9 3 1

51-9080 Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians ................................................. 94 5.5 21.9 5 2

51-9081 Dental laboratory technicians ..................................................................................... 47 5.5 21.9 3 1

51-9082 Medical appliance technicians ................................................................................... 14 5.5 21.9 1 2 ( )

51-9083 Ophthalmic laboratory technicians ............................................................................. 33 5.5 21.9 2 1

51-9111 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ................................................... 387 15.8 19.9 68 8

51-9120 Painting workers ............................................................................................................. 187 15.7 26.1 31 5

51-9121 Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders ................. 103 15.7 26.1 17 3

51-9122 Painters, transportation equipment ............................................................................ 50 15.7 26.1 9 1

51-9123 Painting, coating, and decorating workers ................................................................. 34 15.7 26.1 6 1

51-9130 Photographic process workers and processing machine operators ............................... 82 15.2 24.7 13 2

51-9131 Photographic process workers ................................................................................... 28 15.2 24.7 4 1

51-9132 Photographic processing machine operators ............................................................. 54 15.2 24.7 9 1

51-9141 Semiconductor processors ............................................................................................. 46 8.1 22.1 4 1

51-9190 Miscellaneous production workers ................................................................................. 1,155 19.3 25.5 232 29

51-9191 Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders1 ............................................ 27 13.4 27.2 4 1

51-9192 Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders ................. 18 13.5 29.2 3 1

51-9193 Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders ............................................ 7 14.6 28.0 1 2 ( )

51-9194 Etchers and engravers1 ............................................................................................. 10 7.5 27.5 1 2 ( )

51-9195 Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic .......................................... 46 12.6 23.8 6 1

51-9196 Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders .............................................. 117 13.4 21.2 15 2

51-9197 Tire builders ............................................................................................................... 14 13.4 23.6 2 2 ( )

51-9198 Helpers—production workers ..................................................................................... 467 27.9 28.0 135 13

51-9199 All other production workers ....................................................................................... 449 13.9 23.9 66 11

53-0000 Transportation and material moving occupations ............................................................ 9,828 17.9 22.4 1,870 220

53-1000 Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers ................................................. 364 9.7 23.5 38 9

53-1011 Aircraft cargo handling supervisors ................................................................................ 9 9.7 23.5 1 2 ( )

53-1021 First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand ......... 147 9.7 23.5 15 3

53-1031 First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine and

vehicle operators ............................................................................................. 207 9.7 23.5 21 5

53-2000 Air transportation occupations ............................................................................................ 144 6.6 26.2 10 4

53-2010 Aircraft pilots and flight engineers .................................................................................. 100 6.1 26.7 7 3

53-2011 Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers1 ............................................................... 79 6.1 26.7 5 2

53-2012 Commercial pilots1 ..................................................................................................... 21 6.1 26.7 1 1

53-2020 Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists ................................................. 32 6.9 25.7 2 1

53-2021 Air traffic controllers1 .................................................................................................. 26 6.9 25.7 2 1

53-2022 Airfield operations specialists1 ................................................................................... 6 6.9 25.7 2 ( ) 2 ( )

53-2099 All other air transportation workers ................................................................................ 12 9.7 23.5 1 2 ( )

53-3000 Motor vehicle operators ...................................................................................................... 4,136 16.2 15.1 732 62

53-3011 Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians ................. 17 20.7 10.2 4 2 ( )

53-3020 Bus drivers ..................................................................................................................... 654 15.0 21.8 106 14

53-3021 Bus drivers, transit and intercity ................................................................................. 202 15.0 21.8 33 4

53-3022 Bus drivers, school ..................................................................................................... 453 15.0 21.8 74 10

53-3030 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers ........................................................................... 3,221 16.3 14.1 575 45

53-3031 Driver/sales workers ................................................................................................... 431 15.0 16.3 66 7

53-3032 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer ...................................................................... 1,767 15.0 16.3 291 29

53-3033 Truck drivers, light or delivery services ...................................................................... 1,022 19.1 9.2 218 9

53-3041 Taxi drivers and chauffeurs ............................................................................................ 132 19.1 9.2 28 1

53-3099 All other motor vehicle operators ................................................................................... 111 15.5 14.1 19 2

See footnotes at end of table.
185

Table V–5. Total and net replacement rates and annual average replacement needs, 2002–12—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

2002 national employment matrix occupation

Total

employment,

2002

Replacement rate

(Percent)

Annual average

replacement needs,

2002–12

Total,

2001–

02

Net,

2002–

12

Total Net

53-4000 Rail transportation occupations .......................................................................................... 101 12.6 25.9 12 3

53-4010 Locomotive engineers and operators1 ........................................................................... 33 12.8 29.3 4 1

53-4021 Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators1 ................................................................ 15 11.9 10.7 2 2 ( )

53-4031 Railroad conductors and yardmasters1 .......................................................................... 38 13.0 27.1 5 1

53-4039 Subway, streetcar operators and all other rail transportation workers ........................... 15 12.0 30.7 2 2 ( )

53-5000 Water transportation occupations ...................................................................................... 68 10.9 32.8 8 2

53-5011 Sailors and marine oilers1 .............................................................................................. 27 10.7 35.3 3 1

53-5020 Ship and boat captains and operators ........................................................................... 29 12.4 28.5 4 1

53-5021 Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels1 ........................................................... 25 12.4 28.5 3 1

53-5022 Motorboat operators1 ................................................................................................. 4 12.4 28.5 1 2 ( )

53-5031 Ship engineers ............................................................................................................... 8 7.1 44.0 1 2 ( )

53-5099 All other water transportation workers ............................................................................ 4 9.7 23.5 2 ( ) 2 ( )

53-6000 Other transportation workers .............................................................................................. 294 17.2 34.7 53 10

53-6011 Bridge and lock tenders ................................................................................................. 4 11.8 31.4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

53-6021 Parking lot attendants1 ................................................................................................... 107 15.5 29.7 18 3

53-6031 Service station attendants .............................................................................................. 107 21.4 44.9 23 5

53-6041 Traffic technicians .......................................................................................................... 6 14.1 30.1 1 2 ( )

53-6051 Transportation inspectors ............................................................................................... 29 14.5 23.8 4 1

53-6099 All other related transportation workers ......................................................................... 40 14.1 30.1 6 1

53-7000 Material moving occupations .............................................................................................. 4,722 20.6 27.6 1,017 130

53-7011 Conveyor operators and tenders .................................................................................... 58 13.9 28.7 9 2

53-7021 Crane and tower operators ............................................................................................ 50 8.9 21.8 5 1

53-7030 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators ..................................................... 87 17.2 27.5 16 2

53-7031 Dredge operators1 ...................................................................................................... 3 17.2 27.5 1 2 ( )

53-7032 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators1 ......................................... 80 17.2 27.5 14 2

53-7033 Loading machine operators, underground mining1 .................................................... 4 17.2 27.5 1 2 ( )

53-7041 Hoist and winch operators1 ............................................................................................ 9 9.9 31.7 1 2 ( )

53-7051 Industrial truck and tractor operators ............................................................................. 594 14.6 18.9 92 11

53-7060 Laborers and material movers, hand ............................................................................. 3,659 21.8 29.1 830 107

53-7061 Cleaners of vehicles and equipment .......................................................................... 344 20.7 34.8 74 12

53-7062 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand ............................................ 2,231 22.9 32.7 527 73

53-7063 Machine feeders and offbearers ................................................................................ 164 18.8 27.3 31 4

53-7064 Packers and packagers, hand .................................................................................... 920 20.1 18.7 198 17

53-7070 Pumping station operators ............................................................................................. 32 12.6 23.3 4 1

53-7071 Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators ................................................ 7 12.6 23.3 1 2 ( )

53-7072 Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers ............................................................... 13 12.6 23.3 2 2 ( )

53-7073 Wellhead pumpers ..................................................................................................... 11 12.6 23.3 1 2 ( )

53-7081 Refuse and recyclable material collectors1 .................................................................... 134 29.3 25.6 43 3

53-7111 Shuttle car operators ...................................................................................................... 3 19.3 24.9 1 2 ( )

53-7121 Tank car, truck, and ship loaders ................................................................................... 17 19.6 27.8 3 2 ( )

53-7199 Material moving workers, all other ................................................................................. 78 18.0 26.8 15 2

1 One or more Current Population Survey (CPS) proxy occupations may

be used to estimate CPS-based data. See Chapter III.

2 Less than 500.
186

Chapter VI. Education and Training Statistics 

Data on the number of awards and degrees earned during 

2001–02 by type of educational program and detailed field 

of study were collected in fall 2002 through the Integrated 

Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Web-based 

data collection system of the National Center for Education 

Statistics (NCES), U.S. Department of Education. These 

data, covering the period from July 1, 2001, to June 30, 

2002, are presented in Table VI–1. The NCES surveyed 

institutions of higher education that offered awards at the 

bachelor’s-degree level and higher, institutions with 2-year 

programs, and public and private institutions with programs 

of less than 2 years. The 1990 version of the Classification 

of Instructional Programs was used to categorize the data. 

More than 3 million postsecondary awards and degrees 

were earned during 2001–02: about 626,000 awards and 

2.6 million degrees. Formal degrees earned included 

606,000 associate degrees, 1.4 million bachelor’s degrees, 

491,000 master’s degrees, 45,000 doctoral degrees, and 

82,000 first professional degrees. 

Nondegree formal awards for the completion of 1- to 

4-year curricula totaled 307,000 during 2001–02, while 

awards earned for the completion of programs of less than 

1 year numbered 319,000. The majority of both types of 

awards were earned in personal and miscellaneous services, 

computer and information sciences, mechanic and repairer 

occupations, health professions and related sciences, and 

business management and administrative services. A significant number of awards for curricula of under 1 year also 

were earned in programs providing training for protective 

service occupations and transportation and material-moving 

occupations. 

Associate degrees earned totaled 606,000, up about 24 

percent from 12 years earlier. Almost two-thirds were 

earned in three disciplines: Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities; business management and 

administrative services; and health professions and related 

sciences. According to the most recent set of NCES projections, which used a base year of 2000-01, the number of 

earned associate degrees is expected to rise to 699,000 by 

2012–13, an increase of 21 percent over the 2000–01 figure. 

About 1,375,000 bachelor’s degrees were earned during 2001–02, an increase of 29 percent over the 1989–90 

figure. Approximately 40 percent were earned in three 

disciplines: Business management and administrative services; education; and social sciences and history. Over the 

period from 1989–90 to 2001–2002, the number of degrees 

earned increased substantially in nearly all disciplines, 

including computer and information sciences (up 21,000), 

visual and performing arts (30,000), biological and life 

sciences (26,000), and psychology (27,000). NCES projects 

the number of earned bachelor’s degrees to rise to 

1,509,000 by 2012–13, an increase of 21 percent from 

2000–01. 

Some 491,000 master’s degrees were granted in 2001–

02, about 49 percent more than in 1989–90. More than 60 

percent were earned in education, business management 

and administrative services, or health professions and related sciences. Nearly all disciplines registered increases in 

degrees earned over the period beginning in 1989–90 and 

ending in 2001–02. Some of the largest increases were in 

education (up 51,000), business administration and management (37,000), and health sciences and related professions (23,000). NCES projects the number of earned master’s degrees to increase to 556,000 by 2012–13, an 

increase of 19 percent over the 2000–01 figure. 

Doctoral degrees totaled 45,000 during 2001–02, up 

about 14 percent from 12 years earlier. Nearly half were 

earned in education, engineering, psychology, or biological 

and life sciences. Almost all disciplines posted increases in 

degrees earned over the period from 1989–90 to 2001–02. 

NCES projects the number of earned doctoral degrees to 

grow to 47,000 by 2012–13, an increase of 5 percent from 

2000–01. 

About 82,000 first professional degrees were earned 

during 2001–02, approximately 13 percent more than in 

1989–90. Virtually all were earned in law and legal studies, health professions and related sciences, and theological 

studies and religious vocations. NCES projects the number 

of earned first professional degrees to rise to 96,000 by 

2012–13, an increase of 20 percent over the 2000–01 figure. 

Information on obtaining data on postsecondary education from NCES is available on the Internet. Access the 

NCES site (http://nces.ed.gov) for the Digest of Education 

Statistics, IPEDS data back to 1989–90, data from other 

statistical series and more information on projections of 

education statistics. 
187

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

Total, all programs ......................................................................... 318,903 306,661 605,697 1,375,026 490,834 44,923 82,388

01. Agricultural business and production .............................. 2,825 2,389 4,245 6,113 558 175 –

01.01 Agricultural business and management ...................... 661 757 836 4,042 416 135 –

01.0101 Agricultural business and management, general .... 193 124 437 951 65 – –

01.0102 Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ........ – 25 173 1,569 26 – –

01.0103 Agricultural economics ............................................ – – 4 888 317 135 –

01.0104 Farm and ranch management ................................. 458 608 129 96 6 – –

01.0199 Agricultural business and management, other ........ 10 – 93 538 2 – –

01.02 Agricultural mechanization .......................................... 308 186 303 279 2 – –

01.0201 Agricultural mechanization, general ........................ 27 63 139 252 2 – –

01.0204 Agricultural power machinery operator ................... 281 83 151 – – – –

01.0299 Agricultural mechanization, other ............................ – 40 13 27 – – –

01.03 Agricultural production workers and managers ........... 86 394 695 248 53 9 –

01.0301 Agricultural production workers and managers,

general ............................................................... 8 199 304 57 9 – –

01.0302 Agricultural animal husbandry and production

management ..................................................... 43 186 326 148 1 – –

01.0303 Aquaculture operations and production

management ...................................................... 35 6 20 31 38 6 –

01.0304 Crop production operations and management ........ – 2 45 12 5 3 –

01.0399 Agricultural production workers and managers,

other ................................................................... – 1 – – – – –

01.04 Agricultural and food products processing .................. 3 15 16 244 13 7 –

01.05 Agricultural supplies and related services ................... 210 74 362 256 – – –

01.0501 Agricultural and supplies retailing and

wholesaling ........................................................ 20 8 107 78 – – –

01.0505 Animal trainer .......................................................... 15 – 51 – – – –

01.0507 Equestrian/equine studies, horse management and

training ............................................................... 92 62 178 178 – – –

01.0599 Agricultural supplies and related services, other .... 83 4 26 – – – –

01.06 Horticulture services operations and management ..... 1,022 906 1,933 758 41 16 –

01.0601 Horticulture services operations and management,

general ............................................................... 595 380 677 214 29 10 –

01.0603 Ornamental horticulture operations and

management ...................................................... 101 167 386 246 12 3 –

01.0604 Greenhouse operations and management ............. 17 14 25 – – – –

01.0605 Landscaping operations and management ............. 199 208 368 147 – – –

01.0606 Nursery operations and management ..................... 42 93 67 – – – –

01.0607 Turf management .................................................... 58 28 349 142 – – –

01.0699 Horticulture services operations and management,

other ................................................................... 10 16 61 9 – 3 –

01.07 International agriculture .............................................. – – – 27 8 – –

01.99 Agricultural business and production, other ................ 535 57 100 259 25 8 –

01.9999 Agricultural business and production, other ............ 535 57 100 259 25 8 –

02. Agricultural sciences ....................................................... 128 88 959 8,780 1,692 619 –

02.01 Agriculture/agricultural sciences ................................. 13 13 421 1,382 204 6 –

02.0101 Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ............... 13 13 421 1,316 184 3 –

02.0102 Agricultural extension .............................................. – – – 66 20 3 –

02.02 Animal sciences .......................................................... 24 50 366 4,092 454 193 –

02.0201 Animal sciences, general ........................................ 11 32 144 3,583 369 145 –

02.0202 Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .............. – – – 51 5 10 –

02.0203 Agricultural animal health ........................................ – – 43 – 7 – –

02.0204 Agricultural animal nutrition ..................................... – – – – 2 5 –

02.0205 Agricultural animal physiology ................................ – – – – 3 4 –

02.0206 Dairy science .......................................................... 13 14 10 121 19 2 –

02.0209 Poultry ..................................................................... – 2 41 101 24 9 –

02.0299 Animal sciences, other ............................................ – 2 128 236 25 18 –

02.03 Food sciences and technology ................................... 81 18 12 621 301 133 –

02.04 Plant sciences ............................................................. 10 7 104 2,303 557 224 –

02.0401 Plant sciences, general ........................................... – – 8 402 80 41 –

02.0402 Agronomy and crop science ................................... – 3 22 673 237 105 –

02.0403 Horticulture science ................................................ 9 3 62 943 101 42 –

02.0405 Plant breeding and genetics ................................... – – – – 7 4 –

02.0406 Agricultural plant pathology ..................................... – – – 22 10 9 –

02.0407 Agricultural plant physiology ................................... – – – – 3 5 –

02.0408 Plant protection (pest management) ....................... 1 1 11 51 20 3 –

02.0409 Range science and management ........................... – – 1 117 48 9 –

02.0499 Plant sciences, other ............................................... – – – 95 51 6 –

02.05 Soil sciences ............................................................... – – – 82 84 49 –

02.99 Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ....................... – – 56 300 92 14 –

– Data not available
188

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

03. Conservation and renewable natural resources ............. 982 164 1,372 9,420 2,350 377 –

03.01 Natural resources conservation .................................. 70 57 360 5,793 1,279 139 –

03.0101 Natural resources conservation, general .................. 69 55 238 1,309 381 54 –

03.0102 Environmental science/studies ................................. 1 2 122 4,484 898 85 –

03.02 Natural resources management and protective

services .............................................................. 806 25 285 530 225 4 –

03.0201 Natural resources management and policy ............ 14 6 107 448 221 4 –

03.0203 Natural resources law enforcement and protective

services .............................................................. 9 1 31 27 – – –

03.0299 Natural resources management and protective

services, other .................................................... 783 18 147 55 4 – –

03.03 Fishing and fisheries sciences and management ....... 40 2 114 162 87 30 –

03.04 Forest production and processing ............................... 11 37 327 174 19 22 –

03.0401 Forest harvesting and production

technology/technician ........................................ 3 17 249 141 19 22 –

03.0404 Forest products technology/technician ................... 8 19 47 7 – – –

03.0499 Forestry production and processing, other ............. – 1 31 26 – – –

03.05 Forestry and related sciences ..................................... 40 41 129 1,302 525 131 –

03.0501 Forestry, general ..................................................... 13 35 86 585 331 81 –

03.0502 Forestry sciences .................................................... – 1 5 222 93 25 –

03.0506 Forest management ................................................ 5 – 21 180 17 5 –

03.0509 Wood science and pulp/paper technology .............. 2 3 14 175 23 6 –

03.0599 Forestry and related sciences, other ....................... 20 2 3 140 61 14 –

03.06 Wildlife and wildlands management ............................ 13 2 153 1,029 164 26 –

03.99 Conservation and renewable natural resources,

other ................................................................... 2 – 4 430 51 25 –

04. Architecture and related programs .................................. 166 114 444 8,901 4,591 183 –

04.02 Architecture ................................................................. 86 – 32 5,175 2,485 60 –

04.03 City/urban, community and regional planning ............. – 1 – 469 1,296 90 –

04.04 Architectural environmental design ............................. – – – 886 54 8 –

04.05 Interior architecture ..................................................... 3 112 338 717 32 – –

04.06 Landscape architecture ............................................... – – 23 972 381 – –

04.07 Architectural urban design and planning ..................... – – – – 131 4 –

04.99 Architecture and related programs, other ................... 77 1 51 682 212 21 –

05. Area, ethnic, and cultural studies .................................... 263 96 321 8,070 1,605 216 –

05.01 Area studies ................................................................ 93 24 11 4,418 1,010 154 –

05.0101 African studies ........................................................ 8 – – 41 21 5 –

05.0102 American studies/civilization ................................... – 5 8 1,766 225 76 –

05.0103 Asian studies ........................................................... 13 – 3 512 95 1 –

05.0104 East Asian studies .................................................. – 11 – 394 119 20 –

05.0105 Eastern European area studies .............................. – – – 28 16 – –

05.0106 European studies .................................................... – – – 168 7 – –

05.0107 Latin American studies ............................................ 33 6 – 529 209 7 –

05.0108 Middle Eastern studies ............................................ 5 – – 73 86 25 –

05.0109 Pacific area studies ................................................. – – – 10 6 – –

05.0110 Russian and Slavic area studies ............................. 12 – – 114 78 – –

05.0111 Scandinavian area studies ...................................... – – – 34 3 1 –

05.0112 South Asian studies ................................................ – – – 10 6 4 –

05.0113 Southeast Asian studies ......................................... – – – 9 11 – –

05.0114 Western European studies ...................................... 18 – – 31 29 2 –

05.0115 Canadian studies .................................................... – – – 2 – – –

05.0199 Area studies, other .................................................. 4 2 – 697 99 13 –

05.02 Ethnic and cultural studies .......................................... 170 62 302 3,150 413 47 –

05.0201 Afro-American (Black) studies ................................ 9 17 – 839 70 22 –

05.0202 American Indian/Native American studies .............. – 7 33 126 19 – –

05.0203 Hispanic-American studies ..................................... 42 – – 336 38 2 –

05.0204 Islamic studies ........................................................ – – – 3 2 1 –

05.0205 Jewish/Judaic studies ............................................. 2 – 227 217 43 3 –

05.0206 Asian-American studies .......................................... – – – 152 9 – –

05.0207 Women’s studies ..................................................... 84 37 5 1,031 106 7 –

05.0299 Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................ 33 1 37 446 126 12 –

05.99 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, other ...................... – 10 8 502 182 15 –

08. Marketing operations/marketing and distribution ............ 9,444 1,701 5,836 5,328 626 3 –

08.01 Apparel and accessories marketing operations .......... 34 48 1,795 1,249 24 1 –

08.0101 Apparel and accessories marketing operations,

general ............................................................... 17 6 27 89 3 – –

08.0102 Fashion merchandising ........................................... 17 42 1,735 1,052 3 1 –

08.0199 Apparel and accessories marketing operations,

other ................................................................... – – 33 108 18 – –

– Data not available
189

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

08.02 Business and personal services marketing

operations .......................................................... 30 62 194 19 – – –

08.0204 Business services marketing operations ................. 18 62 5 – – – –

08.0205 Personal services marketing operations ................. – – 123 – – – –

08.0299 Business and personal services marketing

operations, other ................................................ 12 – 66 19 – – –

08.03 Entrepreneurship ........................................................ 81 12 59 307 117 – –

08.04 Financial services marketing operations ..................... 3 8 36 48 – – –

08.05 Floristry marketing operations ..................................... 193 249 3 – – – –

08.06 Food products retailing and wholesaling operations ... 74 23 5 80 10 – –

08.07 General retailing and wholesaling operations and

skills ................................................................... 2,545 509 2,315 2,649 378 2 –

08.0701 Auctioneering .......................................................... 12 – – – – – –

08.0704 General buying operations ...................................... 12 28 30 56 – – –

08.0705 General retailing operations .................................... 214 80 531 160 – – –

08.0706 General selling skills and sales operations ............. 679 153 627 518 – – –

08.0708 General marketing operations ................................. 114 234 636 1,855 378 2 –

08.0709 General distribution operations ............................... 24 1 55 – – – –

08.0799 General retailing and wholesaling operations and

skills, other ......................................................... 1,490 13 436 60 – – –

08.08 Home and office products marketing operations ........ 1 1 8 39 – – –

08.0809 Home products marketing operations ..................... 1 – 8 39 – – –

08.0810 Office products marketing operations ..................... – – – – – – –

08.0899 Home and office products marketing operations,

other ................................................................... – 1 – – – – –

08.09 Hospitality and recreation marketing operations ......... 20 31 146 110 – – –

08.0901 Hospitality and recreation marketing operations,

general ............................................................... 6 20 107 4 – – –

08.0902 Hotel/motel services marketing operations ............. 9 8 13 – – – –

08.0903 Recreational products/services marketing

operations .......................................................... – 2 24 70 – – –

08.0906 Food sales operations ............................................. – 1 2 36 – – –

08.0999 Hospitality and recreation marketing operations,

other ................................................................... 5 – – – – – –

08.10 Insurance marketing operations .................................. 5,564 1 5 – – – –

08.11 Tourism and travel services marketing operations ..... 780 582 806 227 4 – –

08.1104 Tourism promotion operations ................................ 40 318 198 165 1 – –

08.1105 Travel services marketing operations ..................... 359 59 362 18 3 – –

08.1199 Tourism and travel services marketing operations,

other ................................................................... 381 205 246 44 – – –

08.12 Vehicle and petroleum products marketing

operations .......................................................... 73 54 100 191 – – –

08.1203 Vehicle parts and accessories marketing

operations .......................................................... 73 54 29 24 – – –

08.1208 Vehicle marketing operations .................................. – – 71 167 – – –

08.1299 Vehicles and petroleum products marketing

operations, other ................................................ – – – – – – –

08.13 Health products and services marketing operations ... – – – 11 – – –

08.99 Marketing operations/marketing and distribution,

other ................................................................... 46 121 364 398 93 – –

09. Communications ............................................................. 962 1,009 2,832 65,268 5,520 374 –

09.01 Communications, general ........................................... 50 7 931 32,225 2,128 237 –

09.02 Advertising .................................................................. 33 168 609 3,894 270 1 –

09.04 Journalism and mass communications ....................... 61 24 403 16,343 1,675 77 –

09.0401 Journalism ............................................................... 51 12 230 10,743 1,377 28 –

09.0402 Broadcast journalism .............................................. – 3 112 706 15 – –

09.0403 Mass communications ............................................ 10 6 45 4,368 227 48 –

09.0499 Journalism and mass communications, other ......... – 3 16 526 56 1 –

09.05 Public relations and organizational communications .. 26 – 55 3,647 325 – –

09.07 Radio and television broadcasting .............................. 224 555 494 6,052 289 8 –

09.99 Communications, other ............................................... 568 255 340 3,107 833 51 –

10. Communications technologies ........................................ 1,687 1,404 2,051 1,174 549 9 –

10.01 Communications technology ....................................... 1,687 1,404 2,051 1,174 549 9 –

10.0101 Educational/instructional media

technology/technician ........................................ 34 93 346 16 79 – –

10.0103 Photographic technology/technician ....................... 72 600 176 15 – – –

10.0104 Radio and television broadcasting

technology/technician ....................................... 716 321 832 551 312 9 –

10.0199 Communications technologies/technicians, other ... 865 390 697 592 158 – –

11. Computer and information sciences ............................... 21,020 17,036 31,813 48,993 16,235 750 –

– Data not available
190

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

11.01 Computer and information sciences, general ............. 5,710 4,006 9,451 27,420 9,556 551 –

11.02 Computer programming .............................................. 4,071 3,561 4,840 615 160 3 –

11.03 Data-processing technology/technician ...................... 2,435 2,091 2,774 257 3 – –

11.04 Information science and systems ................................ 908 1,322 4,921 10,185 3,235 60 –

11.05 Computer systems analysis ........................................ 585 1,072 788 261 184 2 –

11.07 Computer science ....................................................... 256 241 1,638 7,582 1,566 92 –

11.99 Computer and information sciences, other ................. 7,055 4,743 7,401 2,673 1,531 42 –

12. Personal and miscellaneous services ............................. 31,244 56,886 10,166 396 1 – –

12.02 Gaming and sports officiating services ....................... 196 30 4 – – – –

12.0203 Card dealer ............................................................. 179 30 – – – – –

12.0299 Gaming and sports officiating services, other ......... 17 – 4 – – – –

12.03 Funeral services and mortuary science ...................... 80 246 1,199 175 – – –

12.04 Cosmetic services ....................................................... 26,120 50,455 1,110 15 – – –

12.0401 Cosmetic services, general ..................................... 2,829 197 4 – – – –

12.0402 Barber/hairstylist ..................................................... 341 3,237 15 – – – –

12.0403 Cosmetologist ......................................................... 4,672 42,790 242 1 – – –

12.0404 Electrolysis technician ............................................. 51 11 – – – – –

12.0405 Massage ................................................................. 8,198 3,105 790 14 – – –

12.0406 Makeup artist .......................................................... 2,515 211 – – – – –

12.0499 Cosmetic services, other ......................................... 7,514 904 59 – – – –

12.05 Culinary arts and related services ............................... 2,372 5,768 7,807 206 1 – –

12.0501 Baker/pastry chef .................................................... 471 376 662 17 – – –

12.0502 Bartender/mixologist ............................................... 329 3 – – – – –

12.0503 Culinary arts/chef training ....................................... 976 4,633 6,462 154 – – –

12.0504 Food and beverage/restaurant operations

manager ............................................................. 91 102 506 2 – – –

12.0505 Kitchen personnel/cook and assistant training ........ 271 149 43 – – – –

12.0506 Meatcutter ............................................................... 95 91 – – – – –

12.0507 Waiter/waitress and dining room manager ............. – – – – – – –

12.0599 Culinary arts and related services, other ................ 139 414 134 33 1 – –

12.99 Personal and miscellaneous services, other ............... 2,476 387 46 – – – –

13. Education ........................................................................ 2,869 1,533 9,399 112,392 137,801 7,030 –

13.01 Education, general ...................................................... 97 83 3,195 2,760 20,072 1,203 –

13.02 Bilingual/bicultural education ...................................... 20 – 16 96 1,472 17 –

13.03 Curriculum and instruction .......................................... 5 1 – 1 12,635 848 –

13.04 Education administration and supervision .................. 17 6 1 30 17,469 2,508 –

13.0401 Education administration and supervision,

general ............................................................... 17 1 – 5 12,336 1,818 –

13.0402 Administration of special education ........................ – – – – 14 2 –

13.0403 Adult and continuing education administration ....... – – – 14 181 83 –

13.0404 Educational supervision .......................................... – – – – 841 40 –

13.0405 Elementary, middle, and secondary education

administration ..................................................... – – – 10 2,745 106 –

13.0406 Higher education administration ............................. – – – – 493 241 –

13.0407 Community and junior college education

administration ..................................................... – – – – 30 – –

13.0499 Education administration and supervision, other .... – 5 1 1 829 218 –

13.05 Educational/instructional media design ....................... 11 – 20 123 2,299 60 –

13.06 Educational evaluation, research and statistics .......... – – – – 103 74 –

13.0601 Educational evaluation and research ...................... – – – – 20 17 –

13.0603 Educational statistics and research methods .......... – – – – 30 27 –

13.0604 Educational assessment, testing and

measurement ..................................................... – – – – 37 19 –

13.0699 Educational evaluation, research and statistics,

other ................................................................... – – – – 16 11 –

13.07 International and comparative education .................... – – – – 86 3 –

13.08 Educational psychology .............................................. – – – 104 1,470 418 –

13.09 Social and philosophical foundations of education ..... – – – 4 718 106 –

13.10 Special education, total ............................................... 19 142 348 9,522 11,381 166 –

13.1001 Special education, general ...................................... 19 15 147 7,311 9,131 139 –

13.1003 Education of the deaf and hearing impaired ........... – 4 42 257 208 4 –

13.1004 Education of the gifted and talented ....................... – – – 2 175 – –

13.1005 Education of the emotionally handicapped ............. – 2 – 202 191 4 –

13.1006 Education of the mentally handicapped .................. – 3 – 330 84 – –

13.1007 Education of the multiple handicapped ................... – – – 61 258 2 –

13.1008 Education of the physically handicapped ................ – 1 3 15 28 2 –

13.1009 Education of the blind and visually handicapped .... – – – 34 61 – –

13.1011 Education of specific learning disabled ................... – 4 – 382 600 5 –

13.1012 Education of the speech impaired ........................... – – 1 512 213 – –

13.1013 Education of the autistic .......................................... – – – – 1 – –

13.1099 Special education, other ......................................... – 113 155 416 431 10 –

– Data not available
191

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

13.11 Student counseling and personnel services ............... – 4 – 31 12,432 343 –

13.1101 Counselor education counseling and guidance

services .............................................................. – 4 – 30 11,899 336 –

13.1102 College/postsecondary student counseling and

personnel services ............................................. – – – 1 533 7 –

13.12 General teacher education .......................................... 186 270 4,126 64,044 28,534 286 –

13.1201 Adult and continuing teacher education .................. 41 63 60 38 822 107 –

13.1202 Elementary teacher education ................................ – 110 1,560 48,970 14,207 58 –

13.1203 Junior high/intermediate/middle school teacher

education ........................................................... – – 8 1,752 896 2 –

13.1204 Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten

teacher education .............................................. 139 95 1,690 7,862 2,100 27 –

13.1205 Secondary teacher education ................................. – – 446 4,360 5,307 42 –

13.1299 Teacher education, multiple levels .......................... 3 2 173 484 3,057 43 –

13.13 Teacher education, specific academic and vocational

programs ............................................................ 462 472 507 33,599 19,283 680 –

13.1301 Agricultural teacher education (vocational) ............. – – 23 652 323 39 –

13.1302 Art teacher education .............................................. – 4 21 1,706 676 25 –

13.1303 Business teacher education (vocational) ................ – 1 8 670 320 4 –

13.1304 Driver and safety teacher education ....................... 24 – – 1 9 – –

13.1305 English teacher education ....................................... 4 8 15 2,598 877 17 –

13.1306 Foreign languages teacher education ..................... – – 5 192 215 10 –

13.1307 Health teacher education ........................................ 71 – 33 1,780 690 42 –

13.1308 Home economics teacher education (vocational) ... – – 9 337 87 5 –

13.1309 Technology teacher education/industrial arts

teacher education .............................................. 17 5 11 1,134 321 6 –

13.1310 Marketing operations teacher education/marketing

and distributive teacher education (vocational) .. – – – 61 7 6 –

13.1311 Mathematics teacher education .............................. 22 5 10 1,535 900 47 –

13.1312 Music teacher education ......................................... – 6 21 3,456 801 79 –

13.1314 Physical education teaching and coaching ............. 3 10 278 11,887 3,083 145 –

13.1315 Reading teacher education ..................................... – – 7 161 5,563 53 –

13.1316 Science teacher education, general ........................ – 4 8 1,155 817 35 –

13.1317 Social science teacher education ........................... – 2 1 785 144 3 –

13.1318 Social studies teacher education ............................ – 14 – 1,874 549 1 –

13.1319 Technical teacher education (vocational) ............... 257 6 29 197 213 89 –

13.1320 Trade and industrial education (vocational) ............ 36 24 13 1,149 397 21 –

13.1321 Computer teacher education ................................... 1 – – 10 1,443 7 –

13.1322 Biology teacher education ....................................... – 4 – 369 156 – –

13.1323 Chemistry teacher education .................................. – – – 52 22 – –

13.1324 Drama and dance teacher education ...................... – 4 – 116 39 – –

13.1325 French language teacher education ....................... – – – 57 23 – –

13.1326 German language teacher education ...................... – – – 17 2 – –

13.1327 Health occupations teacher education

(vocational) ........................................................ – – 5 41 42 1 –

13.1328 History teacher education ....................................... – – 7 603 48 – –

13.1329 Physics teacher education ...................................... – – – 24 13 – –

13.1330 Spanish language teacher education ...................... – 2 – 362 91 – –

13.1331 Speech teacher education ...................................... – – 1 64 8 – –

13.1399 Teacher education, specific academic and

vocational programs, other ................................ 27 373 2 554 1,404 45 –

13.14 Teaching English as a second language/foreign

language ............................................................ 1,274 116 10 151 1,655 22 –

13.15 Teacher assistant/aide ................................................ 268 318 750 – – – –

13.99 Education, other .......................................................... 510 121 426 1,927 8,192 296 –

14. Engineering ..................................................................... 212 94 1,761 61,042 26,303 5,198 –

14.01 Engineering, general ................................................... 1 26 1,202 1,802 1,350 180 –

14.02 Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering ........................................................ – – – 1,772 682 193 –

14.03 Agricultural engineering .............................................. – – 5 676 155 69 –

14.04 Architectural engineering ............................................ – – 5 515 58 2 –

14.05 Bioengineering and biomedical engineering ............... – – – 1,479 676 217 –

14.06 Ceramic sciences and engineering ............................. – – – 154 31 15 –

14.07 Chemical engineering ................................................. – – 28 5,610 984 605 –

14.08 Civil engineering ......................................................... 4 – 13 7,937 3,323 574 –

14.0801 Civil engineering, general ....................................... 1 – 12 7,735 3,171 555 –

14.0802 Geotechnical engineering ....................................... – – – – 2 – –

14.0803 Structural engineering ............................................. – – – 35 9 – –

14.0804 Transportation and highway engineering ................ – – – 1 81 3 –

14.0805 Water resources engineering .................................. – – – 5 31 14 –

14.0899 Civil engineering, others ......................................... 3 – 1 161 29 2 –

14.09 Computer engineering ................................................ 3 43 87 5,687 1,674 126 –

– Data not available
192

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

14.10 Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering ........................................................ 129 3 105 13,456 6,639 1,235 –

14.11 Engineering mechanics ............................................... 45 – – 132 121 41 –

14.12 Engineering physics .................................................... – – – 295 24 12 –

14.13 Engineering science .................................................... – 1 60 267 351 45 –

14.14 Environmental/environmental health engineering ....... 22 1 28 463 570 93 –

14.15 Geological engineering ............................................... – – – 126 22 8 –

14.16 Geophysical engineering ............................................ – – – 20 4 – –

14.17 Industrial/manufacturing engineering .......................... 1 1 47 3,694 2,061 233 –

14.18 Materials engineering .................................................. 2 – – 529 467 263 –

14.19 Mechanical engineering .............................................. – – 65 13,288 3,400 773 –

14.20 Metallurgical engineering ............................................ – – – 180 51 38 –

14.21 Mining and mineral engineering .................................. – – – 113 49 8 –

14.22 Naval architecture and marine engineering ................ – 11 – 216 53 5 –

14.23 Nuclear engineering .................................................... – – 6 150 123 60 –

14.24 Ocean engineering ...................................................... – – – 104 75 19 –

14.25 Petroleum engineering ................................................ – – – 295 211 37 –

14.27 Systems engineering .................................................. – – 29 491 566 46 –

14.28 Textile sciences and engineering ................................ – – – 220 50 17 –

14.29 Engineering design ..................................................... – 5 16 25 – – –

14.30 Engineering/industrial management ........................... 4 1 33 305 1,335 43 –

14.31 Materials science ........................................................ – – 10 91 70 64 –

14.32 Polymer/plastics engineering ...................................... – – – 87 72 51 –

14.99 Engineering, other ....................................................... 1 2 22 863 1,056 126 –

15. Engineering-related technology ...................................... 13,278 12,913 34,182 14,472 897 15 –

15.01 Architectural engineering technology .......................... 69 129 1,274 732 – – –

15.02 Civil engineering/civil technology ................................ 34 98 1,121 395 – – –

15.03 Electrical and electronic engineering-related

technology .......................................................... 4,772 4,687 18,625 4,127 7 – –

15.0301 Computer engineering technology/technician ......... 2,965 610 3,794 481 1 – –

15.0303 Electrical/electronic and communications

engineering technology/technician ..................... 1,176 2,525 8,437 2,655 6 – –

15.0304 Laser and optical technology/technician ................. 14 23 110 1 – – –

15.0399 Electrical and electronic engineering-related

technologies/technicians, other .......................... 617 1,529 6,284 990 – – –

15.04 Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technology .......................................................... 4,922 3,565 4,201 402 2 3 –

15.0401 Biomedical engineering-related

technology/technician ........................................ 3 18 206 89 2 3 –

15.0402 Computer maintenance technology/technician ....... 4,452 2,553 2,473 1 – – –

15.0403 Electromechanical technology/technician ............... 288 517 718 44 – – –

15.0404 Instrumentation technology/technician .................... 41 200 475 4 – – –

15.0405 Robotics technology/technicians ............................. 47 113 243 257 – – –

15.0499 Electromechanical instrumentation and

maintenance technologies/technicians, other .... 91 164 86 7 – – –

15.05 Environmental control technologies ............................ 1,303 2,312 1,221 147 117 – –

15.0501 Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration

technology/technician ........................................ 1,011 2,092 626 14 – – –

15.0503 Energy management and system

technology/technician ........................................ – 14 31 24 14 – –

15.0506 Water quality and wastewater treatment

technology/technician ........................................ 204 62 175 32 – – –

15.0507 Environmental and pollution control

technology/technician ........................................ 71 61 232 59 45 – –

15.0599 Environmental control technologies/technicians,

other ................................................................... 15 83 157 18 58 – –

15.06 Industrial production technologies .............................. 659 683 1,884 3,425 258 4 –

15.0603 Industrial/manufacturing technology/technician ...... 541 488 1,312 2,733 240 4 –

15.0607 Plastics technology/technician ................................ 36 31 121 108 – – –

15.0611 Metallurgical technology/technician ........................ – 1 51 4 – – –

15.0699 Industrial production technologies/technicians,

other ................................................................... 82 163 400 580 18 – –

15.07 Quality control and safety technologies ...................... 288 179 347 442 191 – –

15.0701 Occupational safety and health

technology/technician ........................................ 99 54 143 401 119 – –

15.0702 Quality control technology/technician ..................... 141 115 189 41 72 – –

15.0799 Quality control and safety

technologies/technicians .................................... 48 10 15 – – – –

15.08 Mechanical engineering-related technologies ............. 402 688 3,225 1,568 – – –

15.0801 Aeronautical and aerospace engineering

technology/technician ........................................ 16 225 380 223 – – –

15.0803 Automotive engineering technology/technician ....... 52 195 813 236 – – –

– Data not available
193

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

15.0805 Mechanical engineering/mechanical

technology/technician ........................................ 308 124 1,513 748 – – –

15.0899 Mechanical engineering-related

technologies/technicians, other .......................... 26 144 519 361 – – –

15.09 Mining and petroleum technologies ............................ 95 4 72 10 – – –

15.0901 Mining technology/technician .................................. 72 2 21 1 – – –

15.0903 Petroleum technology/technician ............................ 23 2 51 8 – – –

15.0999 Mining and petroleum technologies/technicians,

other ................................................................... – – – 1 – – –

15.10 Construction/building technology ................................ 124 147 603 1,282 60 – –

15.11 Miscellaneous engineering-related technologies ........ 131 151 442 642 153 8 –

15.1101 Engineering-related technology/technician,

general ............................................................... 60 30 194 448 145 – –

15.1102 Surveying ................................................................ 69 77 223 194 8 8 –

15.1103 Hydraulic technology/technician ............................. 2 44 25 – – – –

15.99 Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other .. 479 270 1,167 1,300 109 – –

16. Foreign languages and literatures .................................. 573 122 517 20,739 2,902 847 –

16.01 Foreign languages and literatures .............................. 50 115 185 2,241 843 189 –

16.0101 Foreign languages and literatures, general ............ 44 82 185 1,278 185 37 –

16.0102 Linguistics ............................................................... – 1 – 954 520 152 –

16.0103 Foreign language interpretation and translation ..... 6 32 – 9 138 – –

16.03 East and Southeast Asian languages and

literatures ........................................................... 28 – 16 849 92 37 –

16.0301 Chinese language and literature ............................. 12 – 7 243 16 12 –

16.0302 Japanese language and literature ........................... 16 – 9 480 34 8 –

16.0399 East and Southeast Asian languages and

literatures, other ................................................. – – – 126 42 17 –

16.04 East European languages and literatures ................... 1 – 4 445 90 43 –

16.0402 Russian language and literature ............................. 1 – 4 400 34 5 –

16.0403 Slavic languages and literature (other than

Russian) ............................................................. – – – 39 50 35 –

16.0499 East European languages and literatures, other ..... – – – 6 6 3 –

16.05 Germanic languages and literatures ........................... 18 – 13 1,636 223 71 –

16.0501 German language and literature ............................. 18 – 13 1,582 212 64 –

16.0502 Scandinavian languages and literature ................... – – – 39 4 6 –

16.0599 Germanic languages and literatures, other ............. – – – 15 7 1 –

16.07 South Asian languages and literatures ....................... – – – 13 4 5 –

16.09 Romance languages and literatures ........................... 476 6 283 13,976 1,335 388 –

16.0901 French language and literature ............................... 9 1 39 3,345 356 89 –

16.0902 Italian language and literature ................................. – – – 355 46 15 –

16.0904 Portuguese language and literature ........................ – – – 40 10 2 –

16.0905 Spanish language and literature ............................. 467 5 244 10,051 815 197 –

16.0999 Romance languages and literature, other ............... – – – 185 108 85 –

16.11 Middle Eastern languages and literatures ................... – – – 73 47 17 –

16.1101 Arabic language and literature ................................ – – – 22 2 2 –

16.1102 Hebrew language and literature .............................. – – – 26 12 5 –

16.1199 Middle Eastern languages and literatures, other .... – – – 25 33 10 –

16.12 Classical and Ancient Near Eastern languages and

literature ............................................................. – – – 1,260 195 56 –

16.1201 Classics and classical languages and literatures .... – – – 1,048 166 55 –

16.1202 Greek language and literature (ancient and

medieval) ........................................................... – – – 53 8 1 –

16.1203 Latin language and literature (ancient and

medieval) ........................................................... – – – 145 8 – –

16.1299 Classical and Ancient Near Eastern languages and

literatures, other ................................................. – – – 14 13 – –

16.99 Foreign languages and literatures, other .................... – 1 16 241 73 41 –

19. Home economics ............................................................ 1,401 327 1,156 17,970 2,613 356 –

19.01 Home economics, general .......................................... 10 7 161 2,874 345 62 –

19.02 Home economics business services ........................... – – – 47 – – –

19.0201 Business home economics ..................................... – – – 37 – – –

19.0202 Home economics communications ......................... – – – 10 – – –

19.03 Family and community studies .................................... 8 4 65 499 88 1 –

19.04 Family/consumer resource management .................... – – – 1,616 73 14 –

19.0401 Family resource management studies .................... – – – 737 35 7 –

19.0402 Consumer economics and science ......................... – – – 624 34 – –

19.0499 Family/consumer resource management, other ..... – – – 255 4 7 –

19.05 Foods and nutrition studies ......................................... 241 17 81 3,446 626 57 –

19.0501 Foods and nutrition studies, general ....................... 26 15 16 2,011 375 38 –

19.0502 Foods and nutrition science .................................... 177 – 2 177 52 10 –

19.0503 Dietetics/human nutritional services ....................... 29 2 63 1,228 182 9 –

– Data not available
194

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

19.0505 Food systems administration .................................. 9 – – 15 3 – –

19.0599 Foods and nutrition studies, other ........................... – – – 15 14 – –

19.06 Housing studies .......................................................... 101 – – 400 10 8 –

19.0601 Housing studies, general ........................................ – – – 345 10 6 –

19.0603 Interior environments .............................................. 101 – – 43 – 2 –

19.0699 Housing studies, other ............................................ – – – 12 – – –

19.07 Individual and family development studies ................. 1,018 297 749 6,983 1,383 190 –

19.0701 Individual and family development studies,

general ............................................................... 356 4 158 4,840 400 73 –

19.0703 Family and marriage counseling ............................. – – – – 751 36 –

19.0704 Family life and relations studies .............................. 141 1 – 800 92 11 –

19.0705 Gerontological services ........................................... 192 76 39 44 61 – –

19.0706 Child growth, care and development studies .......... 203 216 548 732 65 68 –

19.0799 Individual and family development studies, other ... 126 – 4 567 14 2 –

19.09 Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................ 10 – 83 1,898 75 16 –

19.99 Home economics, other .............................................. 13 2 17 207 13 8 –

20. Vocational home economics ........................................... 10,627 6,462 8,360 490 8 – –

20.02 Childcare and guidance workers and managers ......... 7,425 5,205 6,754 122 1 – –

20.0201 Childcare and guidance workers and managers,

general ............................................................... 2,473 3,283 4,419 82 1 – –

20.0202 Childcare provider/assistant .................................... 3,072 1,487 1,237 8 – – –

20.0203 Childcare services manager ................................... 1,713 384 1,034 32 – – –

20.0299 Childcare and guidance workers and managers,

other ................................................................... 167 51 64 – – – –

20.03 Clothing, apparel, and textiles workers and

managers ........................................................... 281 317 207 20 2 – –

20.0301 Clothing, apparel, and textiles workers and

managers, general ............................................. 60 23 26 20 2 – –

20.0303 Commercial garment and apparel workers ............. 132 164 85 – – – –

20.0305 Custom tailor ........................................................... 7 98 14 – – – –

20.0306 Fashion and fabric consultant ................................. 26 30 24 – – – –

20.0309 Drycleaner and launderer (commercial) .................. – – – – – – –

20.0399 Clothing, apparel, and textile workers and

managers, other ................................................. 56 2 58 – – – –

20.04 Institutional food workers and administrators .............. 1,639 667 1,124 322 5 – –

20.0401 Institutional food workers and administrators,

general ............................................................... 1,156 386 650 24 5 – –

20.0404 Dietitian assistant .................................................... 183 51 210 – – – –

20.0405 Food caterer ............................................................ 71 7 – – – – –

20.0409 Institutional food services administrator .................. 226 207 229 298 – – –

20.0499 Institutional food workers and administrators,

other ................................................................... 3 16 35 – – – –

20.05 Home furnishings and equipment installers and

consultants ......................................................... 78 155 211 12 – – –

20.0501 Home furnishings and equipment installers and

consultants, general ........................................... 77 124 187 – – – –

20.0502 Window treatment maker and installer .................... – 9 – – – – –

20.0599 Home furnishings and equipment installers and

consultants, other ............................................... 1 22 24 12 – – –

20.06 Custodial, housekeeping, and home services workers

and managers .................................................... 1,194 98 27 – – – –

20.0601 Custodial, housekeeping, and home services

workers and managers, general ........................ 174 19 – – – – –

20.0602 Elder care provider/companion ............................... 24 17 25 – – – –

20.0604 Custodian/caretaker ................................................ 884 62 – – – – –

20.0605 Executive housekeeper ........................................... 884 62 – – – – –

20.0699 Custodial, housekeeping, and home services

workers and managers, other ............................ 82 – – – – – –

20.99 Vocational home economics, other ............................. 10 20 37 14 – – –

22. Law and legal studies ..................................................... 1,224 1,843 6,849 2,090 4,059 79 39,484

22.01 Law and legal studies ................................................. 1,224 1,843 6,849 2,090 4,059 79 39,484

22.0101 Law (LL.B., J.D.) ..................................................... – – – – – – 39,484

22.0102 Pre-law studies ....................................................... – – 122 179 – – –

22.0103 Paralegal/legal assistant ......................................... 1,113 1,637 6,645 944 41 – –

22.0104 Juridical science/legal specialization (LL.M.,

M.C.L., J.S.D./S.J.D.) ......................................... – 53 – 13 2,612 51 –

22.0199 Law and legal studies, other ................................... 111 153 82 954 1,406 28 –

23. English language and literature/letters ............................ 2,413 611 864 56,413 7,284 1,447 –

23.01 English language and literature, general .................... 2,212 570 554 40,629 4,463 1,034 –

23.03 Comparative literature ................................................. 28 – – 870 172 155 –

– Data not available
195

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

23.04 English composition .................................................... – 2 7 469 34 7 –

23.05 English creative writing ............................................... 10 1 11 1,453 1,563 12 –

23.07 American literature (United States) ............................. – – 26 46 4 12 –

23.08 English literature (British and Commonwealth) ........... – – – 1,173 190 52 –

23.10 Speech and rhetorical studies ..................................... 19 – 223 10,003 541 118 –

23.11 English technical and business writing ....................... 27 10 6 395 222 2 –

23.99 English language and literature/letters, other ............. 117 28 37 1,375 95 55 –

24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and

humanities .......................................................... 279 4,715 207,843 42,232 2,757 113 –

24.01 Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................... 279 4,715 207,843 42,232 2,757 113 –

24.0101 Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ................. 168 3,659 163,532 26,655 1,544 12 –

24.0102 General studies ....................................................... 21 959 27,833 8,246 150 11 –

24.0103 Humanities/humanistic studies ............................... 1 58 6,126 3,284 717 76 –

24.0199 Liberal art and sciences, general studies and

humanities, other ............................................... 89 39 10,352 4,047 346 14 –

25. Library science ................................................................ 150 49 96 78 5,149 45 –

25.01 Library science/librarianship ....................................... 11 7 5 60 4,900 40 –

25.03 Library assistant .......................................................... 139 42 91 – – – –

25.99 Library science, other .................................................. – – – 18 249 5 –

26. Biological sciences/life sciences ..................................... 82 29 1,577 63,641 6,253 4,543 –

26.01 Biology, general .......................................................... 4 12 1,275 44,237 2,440 700 –

26.02 Biochemistry and biophysics ....................................... – 1 – 3,759 259 551 –

26.0202 Biochemistry ........................................................... – 1 – 3,693 222 475 –

26.0203 Biophysics ............................................................... – – – 66 37 76 –

26.03 Botany ......................................................................... – – – 340 198 172 –

26.0301 Botany, general ....................................................... – – – 294 120 90 –

26.0305 Plant pathology ....................................................... – – – 5 63 52 –

26.0307 Plant physiology ...................................................... – – – – 7 15 –

26.0399 Botany, other ........................................................... – – – 41 8 15 –

26.04 Cell and molecular biology .......................................... – – – 2,674 292 605 –

26.0401 Cell biology ............................................................. – – – 324 42 167 –

26.0402 Molecular biology .................................................... – – – 741 136 229 –

26.0499 Cell and molecular biology, other ............................ – – – 1,609 114 209 –

26.05 Microbiology/bacteriology ........................................... 31 – 6 2,767 269 378 –

26.06 Miscellaneous biological specializations ..................... 2 9 118 4,416 1,716 1,222 –

26.0601 Anatomy .................................................................. – – – 108 118 63 –

26.0603 Ecology ................................................................... – – 4 957 193 112 –

26.0607 Marine/aquatic biology ............................................ – – 9 873 122 57 –

26.0608 Neuroscience .......................................................... – – – 951 74 282 –

26.0609 Nutritional sciences ................................................. – – 1 424 398 100 –

26.0610 Parasitology ............................................................ – – – – 1 3 –

26.0611 Radiation biology/radiobiology ................................ – 2 55 2 26 7 –

26.0612 Toxicology ............................................................... – 1 3 40 67 88 –

26.0613 Genetics, plant and animal ..................................... – – – 355 116 247 –

26.0614 Biometrics ............................................................... – – – 22 77 21 –

26.0615 Biostatistics ............................................................. – – – – 84 21 –

26.0616 Biotechnology research .......................................... 2 1 27 143 254 2 –

26.0617 Evolutionary biology ................................................ – – – 17 8 21 –

26.0618 Biological immunology ............................................ – – – – 10 33 –

26.0619 Virology ................................................................... – – – – 3 10 –

26.0699 Miscellaneous biological specializations, other ....... – 5 19 524 165 155 –

26.07 Zoology ....................................................................... 45 7 31 3,167 731 718 –

26.0701 Zoology, general ..................................................... – – 4 2,494 174 143 –

26.0702 Entomology ............................................................. 45 7 – 105 154 114 –

26.0704 Pathology, human and animal ................................ – – – 7 59 94 –

26.0705 Pharmacology, human and animal ......................... – – – 45 97 215 –

26.0706 Physiology, human and animal ............................... – – 27 516 247 152 –

26.0799 Zoology, other ......................................................... – – – – – – –

26.99 Biological sciences/life sciences, other ....................... – – 147 2,281 348 197 –

27. Mathematics .................................................................... 39 5 686 13,812 3,499 960 –

27.01 Mathematics ................................................................ – 4 683 11,770 1,935 619 –

27.03 Applied mathematics ................................................... – – 1 1,312 476 148 –

27.0301 Applied mathematics, general ................................. – – 1 808 327 113 –

27.0302 Operations research ............................................... – – – 465 141 35 –

27.0303 Applied mathematics, other .................................... – – – 39 8 – –

27.05 Mathematical statistics ................................................ 1 1 1 454 922 179 –

27.99 Mathematics, other ..................................................... 38 – 1 276 166 14 –

29. Military technologies ....................................................... – – 62 3 – – –

– Data not available
196

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

30. Multi/interdisciplinary studies .......................................... 495 202 13,212 28,532 3,215 396 –

30.01 Biological and physical sciences ................................. 5 – 6,836 2,305 307 17 –

30.05 Peace and conflict studies .......................................... – 1 – 186 191 3 –

30.06 Systems science and theory ....................................... – – – 95 94 23 –

30.08 Mathematics and computer science ........................... – – 2 422 50 5 –

30.10 Biopsychology ............................................................. – – – 109 1 – –

30.11 Gerontology ................................................................ 92 37 41 190 163 5 –

30.12 Historic preservation, conservation, and architectural

history ................................................................ 4 4 1 87 72 3 –

30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies .............................. 4 – – 39 14 5 –

30.14 Museology/museum studies ....................................... 2 – 2 21 146 – –

30.15 Science, technology and society ................................. 13 – 37 344 85 7 –

30.99 Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ............................ 375 160 6,293 24,734 2,092 328 –

31. Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ................ 256 450 841 20,994 2,775 151 –

31.01 Parks, recreation, and leisure studies ......................... 78 4 85 2,482 218 17 –

31.03 Parks, recreation, and leisure facilities

management ...................................................... 6 80 171 2,807 229 15 –

31.05 Health and physical education/fitness ......................... 150 57 490 15,572 2,305 109 –

31.0501 Health and physical education, general .................. 111 16 202 6,161 740 37 –

31.0502 Adapted physical education/therapeutic

recreation ........................................................... – 2 – 193 25 – –

31.0503 Athletic training and sports medicine ...................... – 10 66 1,570 150 – –

31.0504 Sport and fitness administration/management ........ 11 8 134 2,475 581 10 –

31.0505 Exercise sciences/physiology and movement

studies ................................................................ 5 3 35 4,571 718 51 –

31.0506 Socio-psychological sports studies ......................... – – – 19 5 – –

31.0599 Health and physical education/fitness, other .......... 23 18 53 583 86 11 –

31.99 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, other .. 22 309 95 133 23 10 –

38. Philosophy and religion ................................................... 12 30 139 11,339 1,373 611 –

38.01 Philosophy .................................................................. 1 – 85 6,591 629 313 –

38.02 Religion/religious studies ............................................ 11 30 45 4,280 583 279 –

38.99 Philosophy and religion ............................................... – – 9 468 161 19 –

39. Theological studies and religious vocations .................... 161 1,058 620 9,412 5,686 1,861 6,048

39.01 Biblical and other theological languages and

literatures ........................................................... – – – 24 199 5 –

39.02 Bible/biblical studies .................................................... 29 745 333 3,349 429 27 –

39.03 Missions/missionary studies and misology ................. – 1 6 382 338 69 –

39.04 Religious education ..................................................... 8 43 100 1,094 526 271 –

39.05 Religious/sacred music ............................................... 6 9 11 172 108 2 –

39.06 Theological and ministerial studies ............................. 91 213 144 3,326 3,052 1,129 6,048

39.0601 Theology/theological studies ................................... 3 90 114 1,538 2,325 852 –

39.0602 Divinity/ministry (B.D., M.Div.) ................................ – – – – – – 5,784

39.0603 Rabbinical and Talmudic studies (M.H.L./Rav) ....... – – – – – – 181

39.0604 Pre-theological/Pre-ministerial studies .................... 4 16 6 271 3 – –

39.0605 Ordination, other ..................................................... – – – – – – 83

39.0606 Talmudic studies ..................................................... – 7 – 841 251 14 –

39.0699 Theological and ministerial studies, other ............... 84 100 24 676 473 263 –

39.07 Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries ........... 13 25 6 502 738 220 –

39.99 Theological studies and religious vocations, other ..... 14 22 20 563 296 138 –

40. Physical sciences ............................................................ 483 6 1,403 19,197 5,045 3,810 –

40.01 Physical sciences, general .......................................... 1 2 850 326 37 3 –

40.02 Astronomy ................................................................... – – 2 186 84 61 –

40.03 Astrophysics ................................................................ – – – 141 28 9 –

40.04 Atmospheric sciences and meteorology ..................... – – – 538 141 68 –

40.05 Chemistry .................................................................... – – 202 10,044 1,869 2,037 –

40.0501 Chemistry, general .................................................. – – 198 9,707 1,773 1,893 –

40.0502 Analytical chemistry ................................................ – – – – 17 7 –

40.0503 Inorganic chemistry ................................................. – – – – 1 2 –

40.0504 Organic chemistry ................................................... – – – 8 11 9 –

40.0505 Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ....................... – – – 54 22 43 –

40.0506 Physical and theoretical chemistry .......................... – – – 5 6 20 –

40.0507 Polymer chemistry .................................................. – – – – 11 25 –

40.0599 Chemistry, other ...................................................... – – 4 270 28 38 –

40.06 Geological and related sciences ................................. 184 – 28 2,820 1,003 351 –

40.0601 Geology ................................................................... – – 28 2,529 846 245 –

40.0602 Geochemistry .......................................................... – – – 4 5 3 –

40.0603 Geophysics and seismology ................................... – – – 69 62 68 –

40.0604 Paleontology ........................................................... – – – – 1 – –

– Data not available
197

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

40.0699 Geological and related sciences, other ................... 184 – – 218 89 35 –

40.07 Miscellaneous physical sciences ................................ 281 – 51 824 366 155 –

40.0701 Metallurgy ............................................................... – – – – 11 1 –

40.0702 Oceanography ........................................................ 281 – 30 235 114 90 –

40.0703 Earth and planetary science ................................... – – – 539 148 53 –

40.0799 Miscellaneous physical sciences, other .................. – – 21 50 93 11 –

40.08 Physics ........................................................................ 1 4 178 4,024 1,354 1,096 –

40.0801 Physics, general ...................................................... 1 4 126 3,892 1,246 1,014 –

40.0802 Chemical and atomic/molecular physics ................. – – – 25 8 5 –

40.0806 Nuclear physics ....................................................... – – – – 1 3 –

40.0807 Optics ...................................................................... – – 52 11 32 19 –

40.0810 Theoretical and mathematical physics .................... – – – 10 – 1 –

40.0899 Physics, other ......................................................... – – – 86 67 54 –

40.99 Physical sciences, other ............................................. 16 – 92 294 163 30 –

41. Science technologies ...................................................... 146 146 1,053 268 25 3 –

41.01 Biological technology .................................................. 43 29 126 41 – 3 –

41.02 Nuclear and industrial radiologic technologies ............ 30 20 69 – 2 – –

41.0204 Industrial radiologic technology/technician ............. – 20 14 – – – –

41.0205 Nuclear/nuclear power technology/technician ........ 30 – 52 – 2 – –

41.0299 Nuclear and industrial radiologic

technologies/technicians, other .......................... – – 3 – – – –

41.03 Physical science technologies .................................... 66 54 592 32 – – –

41.0301 Chemical technology/technician ............................. 66 54 589 26 – – –

41.0399 Physical science technologies/technicians, other ... – – 3 6 – – –

41.99 Science technologies, other ........................................ 7 43 266 195 23 – –

42. Psychology ...................................................................... 169 34 1,719 81,302 15,217 4,401 –

42.01 Psychology .................................................................. 148 3 1,518 75,356 4,338 1,417 –

42.02 Clinical psychology ..................................................... – – – 124 1,646 1,938 –

42.03 Cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics ............... – – – 116 42 18 –

42.04 Community psychology ............................................... 1 – 21 95 301 5 –

42.06 Counseling psychology ............................................... – 1 1 393 5,287 349 –

42.07 Developmental and child psychology .......................... – – – 1,025 150 73 –

42.08 Experimental psychology ............................................ – – – 321 50 56 –

42.09 Industrial and organizational psychology .................... – 7 – 214 1,236 73 –

42.11 Physiological psychology/psychobiology .................... – – – 253 7 29 –

42.16 Social psychology ....................................................... – 6 22 778 190 43 –

42.17 School psychology ...................................................... – 14 1 – 872 215 –

42.99 Psychology, other ....................................................... 20 3 156 2,627 1,098 185 –

43. Protective services .......................................................... 17,472 4,489 17,721 27,043 2,992 49 –

43.01 Criminal justice and corrections .................................. 13,451 3,701 14,635 26,705 2,948 48 –

43.0102 Corrections/correctional administration ................... 2,654 232 675 635 16 – –

43.0103 Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ..... 1,204 452 3,336 7,750 1,393 3 –

43.0104 Criminal justice studies ........................................... 95 209 3,108 15,899 1,250 39 –

43.0106 Forensic technology/technician ............................... 161 – 70 153 186 – –

43.0107 Law enforcement/police science ............................. 6,923 2,640 7,012 1,354 73 – –

43.0109 Security and loss prevention services ..................... 1,617 115 75 41 – – –

43.0199 Criminal justice and corrections, other .................... 797 53 359 873 30 6 –

43.02 Fire protection ............................................................. 3,688 648 2,619 328 35 1 –

43.0201 Fire protection and safety technology/technician .... 1,195 272 1,735 122 6 – –

43.0202 Fire services administration .................................... 38 28 151 162 2 – –

43.0203 Fire science/firefighting ........................................... 2,388 347 718 23 – – –

43.0299 Fire protection, other ............................................... 67 1 15 21 27 1 –

43.99 Protective services, other ............................................ 333 140 467 10 9 – –

44. Public administration and services .................................. 609 387 3,330 20,175 25,626 571 –

44.02 Community organization, resources, and services ..... 51 93 1,055 2,126 650 7 –

44.04 Public administration ................................................... 8 26 30 2,411 7,478 189 –

44.05 Public policy analysis .................................................. – – 7 774 992 119 –

44.07 Social work .................................................................. 120 67 1,509 14,305 15,758 248 –

44.99 Public administration and services, other ................... 430 201 729 559 748 8 –

45. Social sciences and history ............................................. 333 48 5,627 146,067 14,151 3,911 –

45.01 Social sciences, general ............................................. – 6 4,241 8,258 562 63 –

45.02 Anthropology ............................................................... 4 – 78 7,579 990 492 –

45.03 Archeology .................................................................. 38 5 5 173 27 16 –

45.04 Criminology ................................................................. 89 – 37 3,497 235 15 –

45.05 Demography/population studies ................................. – – – 1 26 13 –

45.06 Economics .................................................................. – 1 217 23,274 2,339 826 –

45.0601 Economics, general ................................................ – 1 198 22,493 1,939 802 –

45.0602 Applied and resource economics ............................ – – – 168 152 5 –

– Data not available
198

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

45.0603 Econometrics and quantitative economics .............. – – – 64 – – –

45.0604 Development economics and international

development ...................................................... – – – – 96 5 –

45.0605 International economics .......................................... – – – 106 124 6 –

45.0699 Economics, other .................................................... – – 19 443 28 8 –

45.07 Geography .................................................................. 106 16 65 4,259 759 205 –

45.0701 Geography .............................................................. 59 9 35 4,180 743 205 –

45.0702 Cartography ............................................................ 47 7 30 79 16 – –

45.08 History ......................................................................... 42 1 290 28,467 2,426 930 –

45.0801 History, general ....................................................... – 1 288 28,057 2,311 895 –

45.0802 American (United States) history ............................ 42 – – 51 19 8 –

45.0803 European history ..................................................... – – – 20 5 – –

45.0804 History and philosophy of science and

technology .......................................................... – – – 112 35 21 –

45.0805 Public/applied history and archival administration .. – – – 22 30 – –

45.0899 History, other ........................................................... – – 2 205 26 6 –

45.09 International relations and affairs ................................ 30 1 9 6,283 2,366 51 –

45.10 Political science and government ............................... 23 7 151 32,635 1,643 625 –

45.1001 Political science, general ........................................ 23 2 147 31,904 1,550 620 –

45.1002 American government and politics .......................... – – – 66 77 – –

45.1099 Political science and government, other ................. – 5 4 665 16 5 –

45.11 Sociology .................................................................... – 6 417 27,685 1,931 537 –

45.12 Urban affairs/studies ................................................... – – 6 724 240 37 –

45.99 Social sciences and history, other .............................. 1 5 111 3,232 607 101 –

46. Construction trades ......................................................... 6,551 9,990 2,653 203 9 – –

46.01 Masons and tile setter ................................................. 446 296 36 – – – –

46.02 Carpenters .................................................................. 1,243 1,763 430 – – – –

46.03 Electrical and power transmission installation ............ 2,167 5,032 1,245 – – – –

46.0301 Electrical and power transmission installation,

general ............................................................... 85 207 93 – – – –

46.0302 Electrician ............................................................... 2,043 4,431 1,050 – – – –

46.0303 Lineworker .............................................................. 36 349 86 – – – –

46.0399 Electrical and power transmission installation,

other ................................................................... 3 45 16 – – – –

46.04 Construction and building finishers and managers ..... 1,320 1,108 422 170 9 – –

46.0401 Building/property maintenance and manager ......... 906 838 107 52 – – –

46.0403 Construction/building inspector ............................... 74 82 72 4 – – –

46.0408 Painter and wall coverer ......................................... 57 6 1 – – – –

46.0499 Construction and building finishers and managers,

other ................................................................... 283 182 242 114 9 – –

46.05 Plumbers and pipefitters ............................................. 760 703 160 – – – –

46.99 Construction trades, other ........................................... 615 1,088 360 33 – – –

47. Mechanics and repairers ................................................. 14,549 34,318 12,316 192 – – –

47.01 Electrical and electronics equipment installers and

repairers ............................................................. 3,825 5,323 2,674 15 – – –

47.0101 Electrical and electronics equipment installer and

repairer, general ................................................ 904 1,982 910 – – – –

47.0102 Business machine repairer ..................................... 101 67 7 – – – –

47.0103 Communications systems installer and repairer ..... 333 530 423 – – – –

47.0104 Computer installer and repairer .............................. 1,698 1,287 558 14 – – –

47.0105 Industrial electronics installer and repairer ............. 548 789 635 1 – – –

47.0106 Major appliance installer and repairer ..................... 64 183 4 – – – –

47.0199 Electrical and electronics equipment installer and

repairer, other .................................................... 177 485 137 – – – –

47.02 Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics

and repairers ...................................................... 2,637 5,450 1,042 – – – –

47.03 Industrial equipment maintenance and repairers ........ 1,696 1,285 589 – – – –

47.0302 Heavy equipment maintenance and repairer .......... 44 163 135 – – – –

47.0303 Industrial machinery maintenance and repairer ...... 674 957 408 – – – –

47.0399 Industrial equipment maintenance and repairers,

other ................................................................... 978 165 46 – – – –

47.04 Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers ..................... 232 630 198 – – – –

47.0401 Instrument calibration and repairer ......................... 31 2 60 – – – –

47.0402 Gunsmith ................................................................. 26 38 84 – – – –

47.0403 Locksmith and safe repairer .................................... – 36 – – – – –

47.0404 Musical instrument repairer ..................................... 69 78 7 – – – –

47.0408 Watch, clock, and jewelry repairer .......................... 45 90 46 – – – –

47.0499 Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers, other ....... 61 386 1 – – – –

47.05 Stationary energy sources installers and operators .... 27 35 1 – – – –

47.06 Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and

repairers ............................................................ 5,777 20,700 7,522 177 – – –

– Data not available
199

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

47.0603 Auto/automotive body repairer ................................ 615 2,424 600 3 – – –

47.0604 Auto/automotive mechanic/technician .................... 3,751 10,606 4,438 11 – – –

47.0605 Diesel engine mechanics and repairer .................... 592 2,008 1,212 30 – – –

47.0606 Small-engine mechanic and repairer ...................... 212 244 8 – – – –

47.0607 Aircraft mechanic/technician, airframe .................... 209 2,039 389 29 – – –

47.0608 Aircraft mechanic/technician, powerplant ............... 86 1,177 247 – – – –

47.0609 Aviation systems and avionics maintenance

technologist/technician ....................................... 49 494 427 104 – – –

47.0611 Motorcycle mechanic and repairer .......................... 197 1,451 – – – – –

47.0699 Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and

repairers, other ................................................... 66 257 201 – – – –

47.99 Mechanics and repairers, other .................................. 355 895 290 – – – –

48. Precision production trades ............................................ 8,327 12,943 10,960 551 2 – –

48.01 Drafting ....................................................................... 1,843 4,195 7,347 305 – – –

48.0101 Drafting, general ..................................................... 1,367 2,631 4,795 94 – – –

48.0102 Architectural drafting ............................................... 96 652 1,020 – – – –

48.0103 Civil/structural drafting ............................................ 6 43 35 – – – –

48.0104 Electrical/electronics drafting .................................. 51 41 100 4 – – –

48.0105 Mechanical drafting ................................................. 241 555 793 180 – – –

48.0199 Drafting, other ......................................................... 82 273 604 27 – – –

48.02 Graphic and printing equipment operators .................. 545 1,386 1,348 197 – – –

48.0201 Graphic and printing equipment operators,

general ............................................................... 192 587 769 158 – – –

48.0205 Mechanical typesetter and composer ..................... 5 – 18 – – – –

48.0206 Lithographer and platemaker .................................. 30 7 61 – – – –

48.0208 Printing press operator ............................................ 10 53 29 10 – – –

48.0211 Computer typography and composition equipment

operator .............................................................. 103 150 175 – – – –

48.0212 Desktop-publishing equipment operator ................. 166 289 108 – – – –

48.0299 Graphic and printing equipment operators, other ... 39 300 188 29 – – –

48.03 Leatherworkers and upholsterers ............................... 123 112 5 – – – –

48.0303 Upholster ................................................................. 111 112 3 – – – –

48.0304 Shoe, boot, and leather repairer ............................. 12 – – – – – –

48.0399 Leatherworkers and upholsterers, other ................. – – 2 – – – –

48.05 Precision metal workers .............................................. 5,408 6,728 2,008 15 – – –

48.0501 Machinist/machine technologist .............................. 865 906 554 – – – –

48.0503 Machine shop assistant .......................................... 695 1,371 443 – – – –

48.0506 Sheet metal workers ............................................... 41 156 83 – – – –

48.0507 Tool and die maker/technologist ............................. 119 519 403 12 – – –

48.0508 Welder/welding technologist ................................... 3,487 3,706 496 1 – – –

48.0599 Precision metal workers, other ................................ 201 70 29 2 – – –

48.07 Woodworkers .............................................................. 227 375 129 34 2 – –

48.0701 Woodworkers, general ............................................ 24 58 11 – – – –

48.0702 Furniture designer and maker ................................. 18 26 17 34 2 – –

48.0703 Cabinet maker and millworker ................................ 173 254 100 – – – –

48.0799 Woodworkers, other ................................................ 12 37 1 – – – –

48.99 Precision production trades, other .............................. 181 147 123 – – – –

49. Transportation and materials-moving workers ................ 23,089 1,559 1,159 4,073 709 – –

49.01 Air transportation workers ........................................... 2,494 137 1,042 3,829 705 – –

49.0101 Aviation and airway science .................................... 1 6 338 2,163 4 – –

49.0102 Aircraft pilot and navigator (professional) ............... 1,085 104 506 856 625 – –

49.0104 Aviation management ............................................. – – 98 721 34 – –

49.0105 Air traffic control ...................................................... 100 – 70 63 – – –

49.0106 Flight attendant ....................................................... 486 9 17 – – – –

49.0107 Aircraft pilot (private) ............................................... 33 – 3 5 – – –

49.0199 Air transportation workers, other ............................. 789 18 10 21 42 – –

49.02 Vehicle and equipment operators ............................... 17,364 507 9 – – – –

49.0202 Construction equipment operator ............................ 55 157 – – – – –

49.0205 Truck, bus, and other commercial vehicle

operators ............................................................ 16,123 308 3 – – – –

49.0299 Vehicle and equipment operators, other ................. 1,186 42 6 – – – –

49.03 Water transportation workers ...................................... 2,842 824 69 227 – – –

49.0303 Fishing technology/commercial fishing ................... 31 – – – – – –

49.0304 Diver (professional) ................................................. 169 606 32 – – – –

49.0306 Marine maintenance and ship repairer ................... 53 208 37 – – – –

49.0309 Marine science/merchant marine officer ................. 2,267 7 – 227 – – –

49.0399 Water transportation workers, other ........................ 322 3 – – – – –

49.99 Transportation and materials-moving workers, other .. 389 91 39 17 4 – –

50. Visual and performing arts .............................................. 4,146 6,203 21,035 69,781 11,627 1,115 –

50.01 Visual and performing arts .......................................... 8 88 372 1,957 101 1 –

– Data not available
200

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

50.02 Crafts, folk art, and artisanry ....................................... 164 7 – 145 1 – –

50.03 Dance .......................................................................... 1 21 95 1,477 235 8 –

50.04 Design and applied arts .............................................. 1,609 3,424 14,917 12,410 1,017 3 –

50.0401 Design and visual communications ......................... 497 425 2,475 1,883 99 3 –

50.0402 Graphic design, commercial art, and illustration ..... 862 2,366 7,630 6,239 580 – –

50.0404 Industrial design ...................................................... 3 6 221 990 97 – –

50.0406 Commercial photography ........................................ 71 218 386 – – – –

50.0407 Fashion design and illustration ............................... 62 44 1,577 851 30 – –

50.0408 Interior design ......................................................... 80 275 1,583 1,738 111 – –

50.0499 Design and applied arts, other ................................ 34 90 1,045 709 100 – –

50.05 Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft ........................... 89 551 552 8,973 1,391 88 –

50.0501 Drama/theater arts, general .................................... 3 117 335 8,338 1,104 88 –

50.0502 Technical theater/theater design and stagecraft ..... 3 13 124 245 48 – –

50.0503 Acting and directing ................................................ 82 63 83 173 133 – –

50.0504 Playwriting and screenwriting ................................. – – 3 70 78 – –

50.0505 Drama/theater literature, history, and criticism ....... – – – 19 – – –

50.0599 Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft, other ............ 1 358 7 128 28 – –

50.06 Film/video and photographic arts ................................ 225 640 1,656 5,483 866 18 –

50.0601 Film/cinema studies ................................................ 25 – 1 1,276 120 7 –

50.0602 Film/video making/cinematography and

production .......................................................... 32 79 1,006 1,991 535 11 –

50.0605 Photography ............................................................ 167 478 482 1,298 167 – –

50.0699 Film/video and photographic arts, other .................. 1 83 167 918 44 – –

50.07 Fine arts and art studies ............................................. 1,599 194 1,524 26,289 3,420 208 –

50.0701 Art, general ............................................................. 11 20 785 13,790 869 16 –

50.0702 Fine/studio arts ....................................................... – 8 143 5,697 902 5 –

50.0703 Art history, criticism and conservation .................... – – 6 2,797 558 187 –

50.0704 Arts management .................................................... – 4 3 302 186 – –

50.0705 Drawing ................................................................... 1 6 40 248 22 – –

50.0706 Intermedia ............................................................... 6 22 413 151 20 – –

50.0708 Painting ................................................................... 1 27 – 705 197 – –

50.0709 Sculpture ................................................................. – 12 2 295 55 – –

50.0710 Printmaking ............................................................. 3 3 – 148 38 – –

50.0711 Ceramics arts and ceramics ................................... – 3 13 203 57 – –

50.0712 Fiber, textile, and weaving arts ............................... – 1 7 117 34 – –

50.0713 Metal and jewelry arts ............................................. 1,571 87 9 86 33 – –

50.0799 Fine arts and art studies, other ............................... 6 1 103 1,750 449 – –

50.09 Music ........................................................................... 320 894 1,589 12,279 4,108 763 –

50.0901 Music, general ......................................................... 5 328 484 6,353 1,400 349 –

50.0902 Music history and literature ..................................... – – – 109 60 14 –

50.0903 Music—general performance .................................. – 389 145 3,682 1,899 243 –

50.0904 Music theory and composition ................................ – 28 7 435 186 75 –

50.0905 Musicology and ethnomusicology ........................... – – – 14 31 9 –

50.0906 Music conducting .................................................... – – – 3 71 20 –

50.0907 Music—piano and organ performance .................... – 4 6 76 100 12 –

50.0908 Music—voice and choral/opera performance ......... – 3 2 194 113 5 –

50.0909 Music business management and merchandising .. 16 1 43 535 6 – –

50.0999 Music, other ............................................................ 299 141 902 878 242 36 –

50.99 Visual and performing arts, other ................................ 131 384 330 768 488 26 –

51. Health professions and related sciences ........................ 91,710 83,260 82,671 72,347 44,094 3,543 36,856

51.01 Chiropractic (D.C., D.C.M.) ......................................... – – – – – – 3,284

51.02 Communication disorders sciences and services ....... 127 277 662 5,731 5,672 509 –

51.0201 Communication disorders, general ......................... – – 16 1,707 1,350 35 –

51.0202 Audiology/hearing sciences .................................... – – 4 130 216 398 –

51.0203 Speech-language pathology ................................... – – 44 705 1,405 14 –

51.0204 Speech-language pathology and audiology ............ – – 5 3,043 2,651 62 –

51.0205 Sign language interpreter ........................................ 127 277 575 131 – – –

51.0299 Communication disorders sciences and services,

other ................................................................... – – 18 15 50 – –

51.03 Community health services ......................................... 67 14 118 1,041 184 3 –

51.04 Dentistry (D.D.S., D.M.D.) ........................................... – – – – – – 4,285

51.05 Dental clinical science/graduate dentistry (M.S.,

Ph.D.) ................................................................. – – – – 438 38 –

51.06 Dental services ........................................................... 5,590 5,380 5,400 1,130 32 – –

51.0601 Dental assistant ...................................................... 5,252 4,766 639 2 – – –

51.0602 Dental hygienist ...................................................... 60 320 4,594 1,117 12 – –

51.0603 Dental laboratory technician ................................... 217 268 153 6 10 – –

51.0699 Dental services, other ............................................. 61 26 14 5 10 – –

51.07 Health and medical administrative services ................ 9,500 5,338 2,717 3,582 3,927 76 –

51.0701 Health system/health services administration ......... 263 169 102 1,973 2,693 52 –

51.0702 Hospital/health facilities administration ................... 2 20 21 801 953 2 –

51.0703 Health unit coordinator/ward clerk .......................... 797 50 17 – – – –

– Data not available
201

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

51.0704 Health unit coordinator/ward supervisor ................. 4 1 4 29 – – –

51.0705 Medical office management .................................... 2,793 807 500 – 1 – –

51.0706 Medical records administration ............................... 478 671 106 486 34 – –

51.0707 Medical records technology/technician ................... 1,107 1,613 1,492 – 3 – –

51.0708 Medical transcription ............................................... 1,314 1,076 137 – – – –

51.0799 Health and medical administrative services, other .. 2,742 931 338 293 243 22 –

51.08 Health and medical assistants .................................... 28,288 20,608 11,521 2,367 2,154 – –

51.0801 Medical assistant .................................................... 22,894 16,714 4,760 1 – – –

51.0802 Medical laboratory assistant ................................... 698 43 28 21 19 – –

51.0803 Occupational therapy assistant ............................... – 58 1,355 25 – – –

51.0804 Ophthalmic medical assistant ................................. 49 13 8 – – – –

51.0805 Pharmacy technician/assistant ............................... 2,576 2,044 387 – – – –

51.0806 Physical therapy assistant ...................................... 243 58 2,665 25 – – –

51.0807 Physician assistant ................................................. 33 389 123 2,094 2,116 – –

51.0808 Veterinarian assistant/animal health technician ...... 499 165 2,027 193 – – –

51.0899 Health and medical assistants, other ...................... 1,296 1,124 168 8 19 – –

51.09 Health and medical diagnostic and treatment

services .............................................................. 12,976 11,654 11,939 1,995 62 8 –

51.0901 Cardiovascular technology/technician .................... 329 553 255 41 – – –

51.0902 Electrocardiograph technology/technician .............. 245 39 18 – – – –

51.0903 Electroencephalograph technology/technician ....... – 8 14 1 – – –

51.0904 Emergency medical technology/technician ............. 11,126 2,867 1,219 77 10 – –

51.0905 Nuclear medical technology/technician ................... 13 202 214 210 – – –

51.0906 Perfusion technology/technician ............................. – – – 32 20 – –

51.0907 Medical radiologic technology/technician ................ 479 1,516 5,478 808 4 – –

51.0908 Respiratory therapy technician ............................... 90 1,263 3,024 446 – – –

51.0909 Surgical/operating room technician ......................... 267 3,793 1,067 – – – –

51.0910 Diagnostic medical sonography .............................. 96 1,200 557 196 – – –

51.0999 Health and medical diagnostic and treatment

services, other .................................................... 331 213 93 184 28 8 –

51.10 Health and medical laboratory technologies ............... 2,139 857 1,500 1,783 515 102 –

51.1001 Blood bank technology/technician .......................... 340 35 – – – – –

51.1002 Cytotechnologist ..................................................... 3 64 1 92 – – –

51.1003 Hematology technology/technician ......................... 422 40 – – 4 – –

51.1004 Medical laboratory technician ................................. 368 464 1,385 53 – – –

51.1005 Medical technology ................................................. – 137 26 1,524 87 1 –

51.1006 Optometric/ophthalmic laboratory technician .......... 56 – 12 – – – –

51.1099 Health and medical laboratory

technologies/technicians, other .......................... 950 117 76 114 424 101 –

51.11 Health and medical preparatory program ................... 115 7 642 1,544 81 – –

51.1101 Pre-dentistry studies ............................................... – – 35 50 – – –

51.1102 Pre-medicine studies .............................................. 2 7 193 719 – – –

51.1103 Pre-pharmacy studies ............................................. – – 90 85 – – –

51.1104 Pre-veterinary studies ............................................. – – 92 220 – – –

51.1199 Health and medical preparatory programs, other ... 113 – 232 470 81 – –

51.12 Medicine (M.D.) ........................................................... – – – – – – 15,486

51.13 Medical basic sciences ............................................... 7 22 18 446 575 553 –

51.1301 Medical anatomy ..................................................... – – – – 12 20 –

51.1302 Medical biochemistry .............................................. – – – 8 23 73 –

51.1304 Medical physics/biophysics ..................................... – – – – 31 5 –

51.1305 Medical cell biology ................................................. – – – 13 3 16 –

51.1306 Medical genetics ..................................................... – – – – 41 23 –

51.1307 Medical immunology ............................................... – – – – 22 42 –

51.1308 Medical microbiology .............................................. – – – 82 20 76 –

51.1309 Medical molecular biology ....................................... – – – – 5 16 –

51.1310 Medical neurobiology .............................................. – – – 9 4 31 –

51.1311 Medical nutrition ...................................................... – – – 3 28 – –

51.1312 Medical pathology ................................................... – – – – 34 41 –

51.1313 Medical physiology .................................................. – – – – 32 45 –

51.1314 Medical toxicology ................................................... – – – 3 3 6 –

51.1399 Medical basic sciences, other ................................. 7 22 18 328 317 159 –

51.14 Medical clinical sciences (M.S., Ph.D.) ....................... – – – 8 99 31 –

51.15 Mental health services ................................................ 3,546 1,518 2,565 681 721 14 –

51.1501 Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ............................... 319 855 705 88 78 – –

51.1502 Psychiatric/mental health services technician ......... 217 525 1,337 109 36 – –

51.1503 Clinical and medical social work ............................. 6 3 23 124 141 8 –

51.1599 Mental health services, other .................................. 3,004 135 500 360 466 6 –

51.16 Nursing ........................................................................ 24,949 35,460 43,610 38,127 11,375 471 –

51.1601 Nursing (R.N. training) ............................................ 541 3,696 41,783 32,209 4,101 217 –

51.1602 Nursing administration (post-R.N.) .......................... – 4 19 256 447 4 –

51.1603 Nursing, adult health (post-R.N.) ............................ – – – 93 245 – –

51.1604 Nursing anesthetist (post-R.N.) ............................... – – – – 734 – –

51.1605 Nursing, family practice (post-R.N.) ........................ – 2 6 36 1,202 2 –

– Data not available
202

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

51.1606 Nursing, maternal/child health (post-R.N.) .............. – – 5 – 165 – –

51.1607 Nursing midwifery (post-R.N.) ................................. – 8 – – 95 – –

51.1608 Nursing science (post-R.N.) .................................... – – – 2,214 1,477 163 –

51.1609 Nursing, pediatric (post-R.N.) ................................. – – – – 79 – –

51.1610 Nursing, psychiatric/mental health (post-R.N.) ....... – – – – 104 – –

51.1611 Nursing, public health (post-R.N.) ........................... – – – – 227 – –

51.1612 Nursing, surgical (post-R.N.) ................................... 17 – – – 87 – –

51.1613 Practical nurse (L.P.N. training) .............................. 1,666 29,041 966 – – – –

51.1614 Nurse assistant/aide ............................................... 20,353 1,460 – – – – –

51.1615 Home health aide .................................................... 863 11 19 – – – –

51.1699 Nursing, other ......................................................... 1,509 1,238 812 3,319 2,412 85 –

51.17 Optometry (O.D.) ........................................................ – – – – – – 1,319

51.18 Ophthalmic/optometric services .................................. 239 82 328 30 56 2 –

51.1801 Opticianry/dispensing optician ................................ 157 21 207 – – – –

51.1802 Optical technician/assistant .................................... 82 52 89 – – – –

51.1803 Ophthalmic medical technologist ............................ – 9 30 6 5 – –

51.1899 Ophthalmic/optometric services, other .................... – – 2 24 51 2 –

51.19 Osteopathic medicine (D.O.) ....................................... – – – – – – 2,416

51.20 Pharmacy .................................................................... 105 57 53 1,834 361 244 7,076

51.2001 Pharmacy (B.Pharm., Pharm.D.) ............................ – – – 1,511 – – 7,076

51.2002 Pharmacy administration and pharmaceutics ......... – – 12 – 49 22 –

51.2003 Medical pharmacology and pharmaceutical

science ............................................................... – – – 238 242 187 –

51.2099 Pharmacy, other ...................................................... 105 57 41 85 70 35 –

51.21 Podiatry (D.P.M., D.P., Pod.D.) .................................. – – – – – – 474

51.22 Public health ............................................................... 66 34 85 1,379 5,231 411 –

51.2201 Public health, general ............................................. 43 17 19 399 3,071 83 –

51.2202 Environmental health .............................................. – – 45 224 292 46 –

51.2203 Epidemiology .......................................................... – – – – 555 128 –

51.2204 Health and medical biostatistics .............................. – – – 10 99 25 –

51.2205 Health physics/radiologic health ............................. – – – 16 18 – –

51.2206 Occupational health and industrial hygiene ............ 22 17 11 62 81 7 –

51.2207 Public health education and promotion ................... – – – 362 419 42 –

51.2299 Public health, other ................................................. 1 – 10 306 696 80 –

51.23 Rehabilitation/therapeutic services ............................. 432 440 750 6,245 9,220 787 –

51.2301 Art therapy .............................................................. – – – 89 228 – –

51.2302 Dance therapy ......................................................... – – – 4 24 – –

51.2303 Hypnotherapy .......................................................... – 127 – – – – –

51.2304 Movement therapy .................................................. – – – – 12 – –

51.2305 Music therapy .......................................................... – 8 – 236 58 – –

51.2306 Occupational therapy .............................................. – 1 141 3,101 2,046 26 –

51.2307 Orthotics/prosthetics ............................................... – 30 45 22 – – –

51.2308 Physical therapy ...................................................... – – 205 1,542 5,782 733 –

51.2309 Recreational therapy ............................................... 66 1 34 245 7 – –

51.2310 Vocational rehabilitation counseling ........................ 3 5 14 126 590 5 –

51.2399 Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, other ............... 363 268 311 880 473 23 –

51.24 Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) ...................................... – – – – – – 2,289

51.25 Veterinary clinical sciences (M.S., Ph.D.) ................... – – – 4 157 116 –

51.26 Miscellaneous health aides ......................................... 1,237 45 59 – – – –

51.27 Miscellaneous health professions ............................... – 64 2 117 2,265 22 227

51.2701 Acupuncture and oriental medicine ......................... – 17 – 47 2,199 – –

51.2702 Medical dietitian ...................................................... – – 2 35 26 1 –

51.2703 Medical illustrating .................................................. – – – 35 36 1 –

51.2704 Naturopathic medicine ............................................ – 47 – – – 20 227

51.2705 Psychoanalysis ....................................................... – – – – 4 – –

51.99 Health professions and related sciences, other .......... 2,327 1,403 702 4,303 969 156 –

52 Business management and administrative services ....... 47,541 41,183 95,482 295,469 125,012 1,162 –

52.01 Business ..................................................................... 3,805 1,705 13,009 28,376 10,310 177 –

52.02 Business administration and management ................. 4,144 3,260 31,047 109,994 76,454 588 –

52.0201 Business administration and management,

general ............................................................... 2,618 2,192 27,597 100,025 70,314 555 –

52.0202 Purchasing, procurement, and contracts

management ...................................................... 79 2 57 367 359 – –

52.0203 Logistics and materials management ..................... 133 31 65 1,272 162 – –

52.0204 Office supervision and management ...................... 516 650 1,011 840 62 – –

52.0205 Operations management and supervision .............. 253 231 689 2,344 1,895 6 –

52.0206 Non-profit and public management ......................... – 5 9 118 159 – –

52.0299 Business administration and management, other ... 545 149 1,619 5,028 3,503 27 –

52.03 Accounting .................................................................. 5,072 5,676 12,581 34,719 6,087 36 –

52.0301 Accounting .............................................................. 2,285 1,739 6,416 34,344 5,895 36 –

52.0302 Accounting technician ............................................. 2,245 3,303 6,036 64 3 – –

52.0399 Accounting, other .................................................... 542 634 129 311 189 – –

– Data not available
203

Table VI–1. Earned awards and degrees, by field of study, 2001–02—Continued

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)

codes and titles

Awards,

curriculums

of under 1

year

1- to 4- year

awards

Associate

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctoral

degrees

First

professional

degrees

52.04 Administrative and secretarial services ....................... 18,507 20,346 15,142 941 46 – –

52.0401 Administrative assistant/secretarial science,

general ............................................................... 5,677 7,155 8,575 485 – – –

52.0402 Executive assistant/secretary ................................. 702 1,151 1,961 51 – – –

52.0403 Legal administrative assistant/secretary ................. 456 819 787 1 – – –

52.0404 Medical administrative assistant/secretary ............. 3,582 4,544 2,098 1 – – –

52.0405 Court reporter .......................................................... 20 327 236 32 – – –

52.0406 Receptionist ............................................................ 415 118 7 – – – –

52.0407 Information-processing/data-entry technician ......... 2,676 1,276 878 164 – – –

52.0408 General office/clerical and typing services .............. 3,094 3,717 274 82 – – –

52.0499 Administrative and secretarial services, other ........ 1,885 1,239 326 125 46 – –

52.05 Business communications .......................................... 21 4 16 283 103 3 –

52.06 Business/managerial economics ................................ 9 2 13 3,802 237 41 –

52.07 Enterprise management and operation ....................... 683 218 229 967 671 – –

52.0701 Enterprise management and operation, general ..... 618 211 203 934 650 – –

52.0799 Enterprise management operation, other ............... 65 7 26 33 21 – –

52.08 Financial management and services .......................... 1,062 762 650 30,638 6,919 65 –

52.0801 Finance, general ..................................................... 35 16 254 28,043 5,654 57 –

52.0802 Actuarial science ..................................................... – – 1 259 53 – –

52.0803 Banking and financial support services ................... 924 699 349 657 291 4 –

52.0804 Financial planning ................................................... 8 – – 89 191 – –

52.0805 Insurance and risk management ............................. 74 41 3 598 56 4 –

52.0806 International finance ................................................ – – – 2 140 – –

52.0807 Investments and securities ..................................... – – – 572 381 – –

52.0899 Financial management and services, other ............ 21 6 43 418 153 – –

52.09 Hospitality services management ............................... 1,433 557 2,741 6,072 496 18 –

52.0901 Hospitality/administration management .................. 77 45 272 1,823 216 2 –

52.0902 Hotel/motel and restaurant management ................ 346 206 1,628 3,324 141 14 –

52.0903 Travel-tourism management ................................... 876 296 640 287 126 – –

52.0999 Hospitality services management, other ................. 134 10 201 638 13 2 –

52.10 Human resources management .................................. 1,228 250 755 10,303 6,630 117 –

52.1001 Human resources management .............................. 1,121 198 438 5,684 3,118 24 –

52.1002 Labor/personnel relations and studies .................... 47 33 264 1,012 669 16 –

52.1003 Organizational behavior studies .............................. – 5 2 2,262 2,423 76 –

52.1099 Human resources management, other ................... 60 14 51 1,345 420 1 –

52.11 International business ................................................. 69 26 287 5,246 2,893 15 –

52.12 Business information and data-processing services ... 8,536 7,680 15,823 23,279 6,133 14 –

52.1201 Management information systems and business

data processing, general .................................... 1,059 1,597 3,934 19,611 4,797 12 –

52.1202 Business computer programming/programmer ....... 1,451 710 3,167 271 165 – –

52.1203 Business systems analysis and design ................... 524 281 984 724 99 2 –

52.1204 Business systems networking and

telecommunications ........................................... 3,265 2,522 4,186 2,132 799 – –

52.1205 Business computer facilities operator ..................... 558 516 885 67 – – –

52.1299 Business information and data-processing

services, other .................................................... 1,679 2,054 2,667 474 273 – –

52.13 Business quantitative methods and management

science ............................................................... 6 12 222 4,401 1,570 14 –

52.1301 Management science .............................................. – 12 219 3,320 1,091 6 –

52.1302 Business statistics ................................................... – – – 27 17 4 –

52.1399 Business quantitative methods and management

science ............................................................... 6 – 3 1,054 462 4 –

52.14 Marketing management and research ........................ 195 186 1,308 32,084 2,440 45 –

52.1401 Business marketing and marketing management ... 153 136 1,199 30,564 2,075 42 –

52.1402 Marketing research ................................................. – – – 137 109 – –

52.1403 International business marketing ............................ 37 31 29 98 87 – –

52.1499 Marketing management and research, other .......... 5 19 80 1,285 169 3 –

52.15 Real estate .................................................................. 1,122 147 195 689 294 – –

52.16 Taxation ...................................................................... 1,162 2 – – 1,253 – –

52.99 Business management and administrative services,

other ................................................................... 487 350 1,464 3,675 2,476 29 –

95. Field of study not reported .............................................. 986 765 365 264 24 – –

– Data not available
204 

Appendix. Sources of State and Local 

Labor Market and Career Information 

State employment security agencies develop detailed information about local labor markets, such as current and 

projected employment by occupation and industry, characteristics of the work force, and changes in State and local 

area economic activity. Listed below are the Internet addresses of these agencies and addresses and telephone 

numbers of the directors of research and analysis in these 

agencies. State occupational projections also are available 

on the Internet: http://www.projectionscentral.com

Alabama

Chief, Labor Market Information Division, Department of Industrial Relations, 649 Monroe St., Room 427, Montgomery, AL 

36131-2280. Telephone: (334) 242-8859. 

Internet: http://www.dir.state.al.us/lmi 

Alaska

Chief, Research and Analysis Section, Department of Labor and 

Workforce Development, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau, AK 99802-

5501. Telephone: (907) 465-6035. 

Internet: http://almis.labor.state.ak.us

Arizona

Research Administrator, Department of Economic Security, 1789 

West Jefferson St., 733A, Phoenix, AZ 85007-3295. Telephone: 

(602) 542-3871. 

Internet: http://www.workforce.az.gov 

Arkansas

Director, Labor Market Information, Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock, AR 72203-2981. Telephone: (501) 682-3159. 

Internet: http://www.state.ar.us/esd

California

Chief, Labor Market Information Division, MIC57, Employment 

Development Department, 7000 Franklin Blvd., Building 1100, 

Sacramento, CA 95823. Telephone: (916) 262-2160. 

Internet: http://www.calmis.cahwnet.gov

Colorado

Director, Labor Market Information, Department of Labor and 

Employment, 1515 Arapahoe St., Tower 2, Suite 300, Denver, 

CO 80202-2117. Telephone: (303) 318-8898. 

Internet: http://http://coworkforce.com/lmi/

Connecticut

Director, Employment Security Division, Research and Information, Department of Labor, 200 Folly Brook Blvd., Wethersfield, 

CT 06109-1114. Telephone: (860) 263-6255. 

Internet: http://www.ctdol.state.ct.us/lmi/index.htm

Delaware

Chief, Office of Occupational and Labor Market Information, 

Department of Labor, 4425 N. Market St.-Fox Valley Annex, 

Wilmington, DE 19809-1307. Telephone: (302) 761-8050. 

Internet: http://www.oolmi.net

District of Columbia

Chief, Office of Labor Market Research and Information, 64 New 

York Ave. NE., Suite 3035, Washington, D.C. 20002. Telephone: 

(202) 671-1633. 

Internet: http://does.ci.washington.dc.us/info/labor_mkt.shtm

Florida

Process Manager, Labor Market Statistics, Agency for Workforce 

Innovation, MSC G-020, 107 E. Madison St., Tallahassee, FL 

32399-4111. Telephone: (850) 488-1048. 

Internet: http://www.labormarketinfo.com

Georgia

Director, Workforce Information and Analysis, Room 300, Department of Labor, 223 Courtland St., CWC Building, Atlanta, 

GA 30303. Telephone: (404) 232-3875. 

Internet: http://www.dol.state.ga.us/lmi

Guam

Director, Government of Guam, Sunny Plaza, 2nd Floor, 125 Tun 

Jesus Crisostomo, Tamuning, GU 96911. Telephone: (671) 647-

7066. 

Hawaii

Chief, Research and Statistics Office, Department of Labor and 

Industrial Relations, 830 Punchbowl St., Room 304, Honolulu, 

HI 96813. Telephone: (808) 586-8999. 

Internet: http://www.state.hi.us/dlir/rs/loihi

Idaho

Chief, Research and Analysis Bureau, Department of Labor, 317 

Main St., Boise, ID 83735-0670. Telephone: (208) 334-6170. 

Internet: http://www.labor.state.id.us/lmi/id-lmi.htm

Illinois

Director, Economic Information and Analysis, Illinois Department of Employment Security, 401 South State St., 7th FloorNorth, Chicago, IL 60605. Telephone: (312) 793-2316. 

Internet: http://lmi.ides.state.il.us

Indiana

Director, Labor Market Information - South E211, Department of 

Workforce Development, 10 North Senate Ave., Indianapolis, IN 

46204-2277. Telephone: (317) 232-7460. 

Internet: http://www.dwd.state.in.us
205 

Iowa

Division Administrator, Information and Policy Division, Iowa 

Workforce Development, 1000 East Grand Ave., Des Moines, IA 

50319-0209. Telephone: (515) 281-0255. 

Internet: http://www.state.ia.us/iwd

Kansas

Chief, Labor Market Information Services, Department of Human 

Resources, 401 SW Topeka Blvd., Topeka, KS 66603-3182. 

Telephone: (785) 296-5058. 

Internet: http://laborstats.hr.state.ks.us

Kentucky

Manager, Research and Statistics Branch, Department for Employment Services, Workforce Development Cabinet, 275 East 

Main St., 2 W-G, Frankfort, KY 40621. Telephone: (502) 564-

7976. 

Internet: http://www.workforcekentucky.ky.gov

Louisiana

Director, Research and Statistics Section, Department of Labor, 

1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge, LA 70804-4094. Telephone: 

(225) 342-3141. 

Internet: http://www.laworks.net

Maine

Director, Division of Labor Market Information Services, Maine 

Department of Labor, 20 Union St., Augusta, ME 04330-6826. 

Telephone: (207) 287-2271. 

Internet: http://www.state.me.us/labor/lmis/index.html

Maryland

Director, Labor Market Analysis and Information, Department of 

Labor, Licensing and Regulations, 1100 North Eutaw St., Room 

316, Baltimore, Md. 21201-2206. Telephone: (410) 767-2250. 

Internet: http://www.dllr.state.md.us/lmi/index.htm

Massachusetts

Assistant Director for Research, Division of Employment and 

Training, 19 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114. Telephone: (617) 

626-6556. 

Internet: http://www.detma.org/LMIHome.htm

Michigan

Director, Labor Market Information Division, Department of 

Career Development, 3032 West Grand Blvd., 9th Floor, Detroit, 

MI 48202. Telephone: (313) 456-3090. 

Internet: http://www.michlmi.org

Minnesota

Labor Market Information Director, Department of Employment 

and Economic Development, 390 N. Robert St., 5th Floor, St. 

Paul, MN 55101. Telephone: (651) 296-4087. 

Internet: http://www.mnwfc.org/lmi.htm

Mississippi

Chief, Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security 

Commission, 1520 West Capitol St., Jackson, MS 39215-1699. 

Telephone: (601) 961-7424. 

Internet: http://www.mesc.state.ms.us/lmi/index.html

Missouri

Research Manager, Labor Market Information, Department of 

Economic Development, 301 West High St., Jefferson City, MO 

65102. Telephone: (573) 751-3609. 

Internet: http://www.works.state.mo.us/lmi

Montana

Director, Research and Analysis, Department of Labor and Industry, 1327 Lockey and Roberts Sts., Helena, MT 59601. Telephone: (406) 444-2430. 

Internet: http://rad.dli.state.mt.us

Nebraska

Administrator, Labor Market Information Center, Nebraska 

Workforce Development, 550 South 16th St., Lincoln, NE 68508. 

Telephone: (402) 471-9964. 

Internet: http://www.dol.state.ne.us/nelmi.htm

Nevada

Chief, Research and Analysis, Department of Employment Training and Rehabilitation, 500 East Third St., Carson City, NV 

89713-0020. Telephone: (775) 684-0387. 

Internet: http://detr.state.nv.us/lmi/index.htm

New Hampshire

Director, Economic and Labor Market Information, Department 

of Employment Security, 32 South Main St., Concord, NH 

03301-4587. Telephone: (603) 228-4123. 

Internet: http://www.nhworks.state.nh.us/lmipage.htm

New Jersey

Director, Labor Market and Demographic Research, Department 

of Labor, John Fitch Plaza, 5th Floor, Trenton, NJ 08625. Telephone: (609) 292-0099. 

Internet: http://www.state.nj.us/labor/lra

New Mexico

Research Chief, Economic Research and Analysis, Department of 

Labor, 501 Mountain Rd., Albuquerque, NM 87102. Telephone: 

(505) 841-8645. 

Internet: http://www.dol.state.nm.us/dol_lmif.html

New York

Director, Division of Research and Statistics, New York State 

Department of Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Room 402, 

Albany, NY 12240-0020. 

Internet: http://www.labor.state.ny.us 

North Carolina

Director, Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, 700 Wade Ave., Raleigh, NC 27605. Telephone: (919) 733-2936. 

Internet: http://www.ncesc.com

North Dakota

LMI Director, Research and Statistics, Job Service North Dakota, 

1000 East Divide, Bismarck, ND 58501. Telephone: (701) 328-

2868. 

Internet: 

http://www.state.nd.us/jsnd/warehouse.htm?bookmark= 

warehouse
206 

Ohio

Director, Labor Market Information Division, Department of Job 

and Family Services, 4300 Kimberly Pkwy., 3rd Floor, Columbus, OH 43232. Telephone: (614) 752-9494. 

Internet: http://lmi.state.oh.us

Oklahoma

Director, Economic Research and Analysis, Employment Security 

Commission, 2401 N. Lincoln, Room 402-1, Oklahoma City, OK 

73105. Telephone: (405) 557-7265. 

Internet: http://www.oesc.state.ok.us/lmi/default.htm

Oregon

Manager, Workforce and Economic Research, Oregon Employment Department, 875 Union St., NE., Room 207, Salem, OR 

97311-9986. 

Internet: http://olmis.emp.state.or.us

Pennsylvania

Director, Center for Workforce Information and Analysis, Department of Labor and Industry, Seventh and Forster Sts., Room 

220, Harrisburg, PA 17121-0001. Telephone: (717) 787-3266. 

Internet: http://www.dli.state.pa.us/workforceinfo

Puerto Rico

Director, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor and 

Human Resources, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th Floor, Hato 

Rey, PR 00918. Telephone: (787) 754-5340. 

Rhode Island

Director, Labor Market Information, Department of Employment 

and Training, 1511 Pontiac Ave., Cranston, RI 02920. Telephone: 

(401) 462-8767. 

Internet: http://www.dlt.ri.gov/lmi/

South Carolina

Director, Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, 631 Hampton St., Columbia, SC 29201. Telephone: (803) 737-2660. 

Internet: http://www.sces.org/lmi/index.asp

South Dakota

Director, Labor Market Information Division, Department of 

Labor, 420 S. Roosevelt St., Aberdeen, SD 57401-5131. 

Internet: http://www.state.sd.us/dol/lmic/index.htm

Tennessee

Director, Research and Statistics Division, Department of Labor 

and Workforce Development, 500 James Robertson Pkwy., 11th 

Floor, Nashville, TN 37245-1000. Telephone: (615) 741-2284. 

Internet: http://www.state.tn.us/labor-wfd/lmi.htm

Texas

Director, Labor Market Information, Texas Workforce Commission, 9001 North IH-35, Suite 103A, Austin, TX 75753. Telephone: (512) 491-4802. 

Internet: http://www.tracer2.com

Utah

LMI Director, Workforce Information, Department of Workforce 

Services, 140 East 300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84111. Telephone: (801) 526-9401. 

Internet: http://jobs.utah.gov/wi

Vermont

Chief, Research and Analysis, Department of Employment and 

Training, 5 Green Mountain Dr., Montpelier, VT 05602. Telephone: (802) 828-4153. 

Internet: http://www.vtlmi.info

Virgin Islands

Chief, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, 53-A, 54 

A and B, Kronprindsens Gade, Charlotte Amalie, VI 00801. 

Telephone: (340) 776-3700. 

Virginia

Director, Economic Information Services, Virginia Employment 

Commission, 703 East Main St., Richmond, VA 23219. Telephone: (804) 786-7496. 

Internet: 

http://www.vec.state.va.us/index.cfm?loc=lbrmkt&info=lmi

Washington

Director, Labor Market and Economic Analysis, Employment 

Security Department, 605 Woodland Square Loop, Lacey, WA 

98506. Telephone: (360) 438-4804. 

Internet: http://www.wa.gov/esd/lmea

West Virginia

Director, Research Information and Analysis Division, Bureau of 

Employment Programs, 112 California Ave., Room 107, Charleston, WV 25305-0112. Telephone: (304) 558-2660. 

Internet: http://www.state.wv.us/bep/lmi/default.htm

Wisconsin

Director, Bureau of Workforce Information, Department of Workforce Development, 201 E. Washington Ave., Madison, WI 

53702. Telephone: (608) 267-9705. 

Internet: http://www.dwd.state.wi.us/dwelmi

Wyoming

Manager, Research and Planning, Department of Employment, 

246 South Center St., 2nd floor, Casper, WY 82601. Telephone: 

(307) 473-3807. 

Internet: http://wydoe.state.wy.us