4

- i CHAPTER 4. SCREENING ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

................................ ................................ ............................... 4

- 1 4.2 TECHNOLOGIES THAT DO NOT AFFECT DAILY ENE RGY C ONSUMPTION

................................ ................................ ................................ . 4

- 2 4.2.1 Higher Efficiency Expansion Valves

................................ ....................... 4

- 2 4.2.2 Liquid

- Suction Heat Exchangers

................................ ............................. 4

- 2 4.3 SCREENED

- OUT TECHNOLOGIES

................................ ................................ 4

- 3 4.4 REMAINING TECHNOLOGI ES

................................ ................................ ....... 4

- 34

- 1 CHAPTER 4. SCREENING ANAL YSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter addresses the screening analysis that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) conducted in support of the ongoing energy conservation standards rulemakings for refrigerated beverage vending machines

. In the market and technolog y assessment , chapter 3 of the preliminary technical support document (preliminary TSD) , DOE presents an initial list of technologies that could potentially reduce the energy consumption of refrigerated beverage vending machines

. The goal of the screening analysis is to identify any technolog ies that will be eliminated from further consideration in the rulemaking analyses. S ome of the technologies considered in chapter 3 could potentially reduce annual energy consumption under certain field conditions

, bu t may not reduce daily energy consumption ( DEC ), as measured by the DOE test procedure for refrigerated beverage vending machines

. (10 CFR 431.294) Therefore

, DOE removed from consideration those technologies that do not reduce DEC as measured using the D OE test procedure

. DOE evaluated t he remaining technologies using the screening criteria set forth in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) , as amended . (42 U.S.C. 6311

– 6317)

EPCA establishes criteria for prescribing new or amended standards desi gned to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency. Further, EPCA directs the Secretary of Energy to determine whether a standard is technologically feasible and economically justified. (42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(A)

– (B) and 6313(d)(4))

Appendix A to subpart C of 10 CFR part 430, “Procedures, Interpretations and Policies for Consideration of New or Revised Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Products” (the Process Rule), sets forth procedures to guide DOE in its consideration and promulgation of new or revised equipment energy conservation standards. These procedures elaborate on the statutory criteria provided in 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) and, in part, eliminate problematic technologies early in the process of prescribing or amending an energy conservat ion standard. In particular, sections 4(b)(4) and 5(b) of the Process Rule guide DOE in determining whether to eliminate from consideration any technology that presents unacceptable problems with respect to the following criteria. To fulfill statutory crit eria for amending or prescribing energy standards for refrigerated beverage vending machines

, as established in 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)

, DOE applied the provisions in the Process Rule in its screening analysis for this rulemaking.

Technological feasibility. Tec hnologies incorporated in commercial equipment or in working prototypes will be considered technologically feasible.

Practicability to manufacture, install, and service. If mass production of a technology in commercial equipment and reliable installation and servicing of the4

- 2 technology could be achieved on the scale necessary to serve the relevant market at the time of the effective date of the standard, then that technology will be considered practicable to manufacture, install

, and service.

Adverse i mpac ts on equipment utility or equipment availability

. If a technology is determined to have a significant adverse impact on the utility of the equipment to significant subgroups of consumers, or result in the unavailability of any covered equipment type with performance characteristics (including reliability), features, sizes, capacities, and volumes that are substantially the same as equipment generally available in the United States at the time, it will not be considered further.

Adverse impacts on health o r safety

. If it is determined that a technology will have significant adverse impacts on health or safety, it will not be considered further.

In sum, if DOE determines that a technology or combination of technologies has unacceptable effects on the polici es stated in section 5(b) of the Process Rule, those technologies will be eliminated from consideration. If a particular technology fails to meet one or more of the four criteria, it will be screen ed out.

4.2 TECHNOLOGIES THAT DO NOT AFFECT DAILY ENE RGY CON SUMPTION

DOE eliminated two technologies that were identified in the technology assessment because they have no significant effect on or do not significantly decrease DEC as measured by the DOE test procedure at 10 CFR 431.294

. However, these features ( i.e

. , higher efficiency expansion valves and suction line heat exchangers) could potentially reduce the energy consumption of the refrigerated beverage vending machine in field applications. Although these technologies were not considered in the analyses, DOE does not discourage their use by manufacturers. For each technology removed for this reason, DOE provided an explanation of why the technology does not affect DEC.

4.2.1 Higher Efficiency Expansion Valves

Higher efficiency expansion valves could potentially re duce the annual energy consumption of refrigerated beverage vending machines by adapting to significant variations in loads and ambient conditions. Because the DOE test procedure does not include any prescribed changes in refrigerated

- product loading or a mbient conditions, there is no significant opportunity for higher efficiency expansion valves to reduce DEC as measured under the DOE test procedure

.

4.2.2 Liquid

- Suction Heat Exchangers

A liquid

- suction heat exchanger ( LSHX ) is an indirect liquid

- to

- vapor hea t transfer device that evaporates any residual liquid refrigerant that remains in the evaporator discharge line and thereby minimizes the risk of liquid refrigerant carrying over to the compressor suction. Generally, LSHXs are installed in refrigeration sy stems to ensure proper system operation and increase system performance. However, the4

- 3 performance of an LSHX is dependent on the specific design used in a given piece of equipment, as well as other properties of the system and the operating conditions. A

c ombination of refrigerant type, operating temperature, ambient conditions, and other factors determines whether an LSHX will increase or decrease the DEC as measured by the DOE test procedure. In some cases, an LSHX can produce enough of a pressure differe ntial across the device, which requires additional compressor energy to overcome, that the result is a net increase in energy consumption. Because an LSHX does not consistently reduce DEC, DOE did not consider this technology in the engineering analysis.

4.3 S CREEN ED

- OUT TECHNOLOGIES

This section typically addresses the technologies that DOE screen ed out because they did not meet the requirements of sections 4(a) and 5(b) of the Process Rule. DOE considers the following four factors: (1) technological feasibi lity; (2) practicability to manufacture, install, and service; (3) adverse impacts on equipment utility to consumers; and (4) adverse impacts on health or safety. However, in this preliminary analysis no technologies were screened out upon application of these four factors.

4.4 REMAINING TECHNOLOGI ES

After eliminating those technologies that do not reduce DEC , DOE is considering the technologies listed below in the preliminary analysis

.

• higher efficiency lighting

• higher efficiency evaporator fan motors

• high er efficiency evaporator fan blades

• improved evaporator design

• low

- pressure differential evaporators

• improvements to anti

- sweat heaters

• improved or thicker insulation

• defrost mechanism

• higher efficiency compressors

• variable

- speed compressors

• microchannel heat exchangers

• improved condenser design

• higher efficiency condenser fan motors

• higher efficiency condenser fan blades

• improved glass pack design (for Class A machines)

• lighting controls

• refrigeration low

- power modes