Real-time Kinematics Global Positioning System (GPS) 

Operation and Setup Method for the Synchronous Impulse 

Reconstruction (SIRE) Radar 

by Francois Koenig and David Wong 

ARL-TN-0393 May 2010 

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Army Research Laboratory 

Adelphi, MD 20783-1197 

ARL-TN-0393 May 2010 

Real-time Kinematics Global Positioning System (GPS) 

Operation and Setup Method for the Synchronous Impulse 

Reconstruction (SIRE) Radar 

Francois Koenig 

Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, ARL 

and 

David Wong

Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate 

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 
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Real-time Kinematics Global Positioning System (GPS) Operation and Setup 

Method for the Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) Radar 

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Francois Koenig (ARL) and David Wong (NVESD) 

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U.S. Army Research Laboratory 

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13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 

14. ABSTRACT 

The report provides a description of the Real-time Kinematics (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) operation and setup 

procedures to provide real-time position data for the Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) radar. These accurate 

position data allow proper real-time focusing of radar images and preserves image quality on a moving platform. 

15. SUBJECT TERMS

SIRE radar, real time kinematic global positioning system, differential global positioning system 

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Francois Koenig 

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iii

Contents 

List of Figures iv

1. Introduction 1

2. Recommended Operating Procedure 2

2.1 Initial Transceiver Configuration .................................................................................... 2

2.2 Cable Interface between Z-Surveyor and NL 2400 ........................................................ 3

2.3 Obtain an Accurate Base Station Location ..................................................................... 4

2.4 Base Station RTK GPS Setup ......................................................................................... 4

2.5 Base Station RTK GPS Initialization Files ..................................................................... 8

2.6 Base Station RTK GPS Shutdown Sequence ................................................................. 8

2.7 Rover RTK GPS Setup ................................................................................................... 9

2.8 Rover RTK GPS Shutdown Sequence .......................................................................... 10

3. Results 11

4. Conclusions 12

5. References 13

List of Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 14

Distribution List 15 
iv

List of Figures 

Figure 1. NL 2400 configuration utility window for server (base) and client (rover). ................... 3

Figure 2. NL 2400 to GPS receiver interconnect cables. ................................................................ 4

Figure 3. Interconnect diagram of the RTK base station. ............................................................... 5

Figure 4. Example of base station setup with Z-Surveyor and NL 2400 radio transmitter 

(left), and rover antenna with NL 2400 radio receiver mounted on the roof of mobile 

platform with Z-Surveyor stored inside the vehicle (right). ...................................................... 5

Figure 5. The front (left) and rear (right) panels of Z-Surveyor unit. ............................................. 6

Figure 6. Initialization file for base station RTK GPS. ................................................................... 8

Figure 7. Interconnect diagram of the RTK rover. .......................................................................... 9

Figure 8. Plot of post-processing rover coordinates vs. RTK rover coordinates for a SIRE 

run at YPG. .............................................................................................................................. 11
1

1. Introduction 

This report provides a description of the Real-time Kinematics (RTK) global positioning system 

(GPS) operation and setup procedure to provide real-time position data for the Synchronous 

Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) radar. Section 1 provides background information on Differential 

GPS (DGPS) and the application of RTK operation. Section 2 describes the step-by-step 

recommended operating procedure for RTK implementation for the SIRE radar. Section 3 gives 

an example of results obtained with RTK operation at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), AZ, and a 

comparison of these results with those obtained with post-processing DGPS. The last section 

provides a summary of the results. 

DGPS is an enhancement to GPS that calculates an error correction vector based on the 

difference between the known location of the base station and the perceived location of the base 

station from the current received satellite information. This correction vector can then be sent to 

the rover receiver to correct its estimated location. For optimum performance, both the base 

station and the rover should be present in the same general location observing the same satellite 

configuration. DGPS can be achieved either through real-time telemetry links between a base 

and a rover or through post-processing of the data. In a previous report (1), a description of 

DGPS operation and the post-processing method used during earlier SIRE radar field tests was 

presented. Real-time methods include (1) a medium frequency beacon differential service, (2) an 

L-Band satellite differential service, (3) an FM sub-carrier differential service, or (4) an on-site 

RF telemetry link. All of the real-time services have a coverage area and a range limitation and 

require a local radio/receiver to obtain the transmitted service. Method 4 requires the user to 

operate a transmitter in addition to the radio/receiver. Generally, DGPS systems can achieve a 

resolution of a meter or better when monitoring the Coarse Acquisition (C/A) or Precise (P) code 

phase. 

RTK is a special form of DGPS that monitors not only the signal code but also the signal carrier. 

Since the carrier wavelength is about 100 times smaller than the signal code wavelength, RTK 

performance is about 100 times better than standard DGPS. The combination of the code phase 

and the carrier phase can achieve a resolution of a few centimeters. While there is increased 

resolution from monitoring the carrier, there is also an increased risk of error due to carrier 

ambiguities. The carrier ambiguities result from the inability of the GPS to determine the integer 

number of carrier cycles between the satellite and the receiver. In effect, we have a measuring 

stick with fine markings but no labels. Numerous studies have produced algorithms encoded 

within the GPS to resolve this carrier-cycle integer ambiguity within seconds of startup and with 

varying degrees of accuracy (2). 
2

The RTK method described in this report uses an onsite RF telemetry link. That link consists of 

two radio modems that we use for local GPS communications, a transmitter for the base station 

GPS, and a receiver for the rover GPS. The radio modems are NL 2400 transceivers from RF 

Neulink, Inc. The NL 2400 operates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and 200 mW of power, with a 

range of up to 2 km, line-of-sight distance. The two GPS units that we use for DGPS are ZSurveyor receivers from Ashtech. They feature 12 parallel channels, which receive the C/A code 

phase and full wavelength carrier phase measurement on the L1 frequency (1575 MHz), and Pcode phase and full wavelength carrier phase on both the L1 and the L2 frequency (1227 MHz). 

2. Recommended Operating Procedure 

The following operating procedures provide consistent RTK GPS data for the SIRE radar data 

collection (3). GPS messages are transmitted from the base station to the rover receiver at a 1-Hz 

rate. The rover applies these messages to its own received position information and outputs the 

differentially corrected position information (as well as time) at a 10-Hz rate. The streaming 

output is sent to the PC over a serial line and tabulated by the real-time software as well as saved 

to a disk file. The PC also receives time tag data from the rover over another serial line, 

indicating a radar data collection event. The real-time software correlates the radar time tag with 

the streaming GPS time and provides an accurate location of the radar for that collection event. 

In addition, raw position data are recorded at a 0.1-s rate onto a flash card in the GPS units to be 

downloaded later and differentially post-processed, if needed. 

We should note here that a simple correlation of radar time tag with streaming time from 

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) position data will produce a registration error of 14 or 

more seconds. The reason is that the time tag generated in the Z-Surveyor from the event trigger 

(radar) is in GPS time and the streaming time from the Z-Surveyor is in Coordinated Universal 

Time (UTC). The difference between the two formats is an integer number of “leap” seconds 

inserted into UTC time since 1980 (4, 5). As of January 2009, the UTC time is slower than the 

GPS time by 15 s (6). This subtle offset in times has been included in the real-time SIRE 

software to avoid registration errors. 

2.1 Initial Transceiver Configuration 

The NL 2400 transceivers need to be programmed initially for their designated mode of 

operation. This configuration only needs to be done once since it is stored in nonvolatile memory 

in the device. We use RF Neulink’s provided utility to configure the base NL 2400 as a 

transmitter/server and the rover NL 2400 as receiver/client. The resultant configuration windows 

displayed on the PC are shown in figure 1. 
3

Figure 1. NL 2400 configuration utility window for server (base) and client (rover). 

2.2 Cable Interface between Z-Surveyor and NL 2400 

Serial RS-232 cables used to connect the Z-Surveyor to a PC serial port were purchased from 

Ashtech. These cables contain a 7-pin Fischer connector for the Z-Surveyor port and a 9-pin D 

connector for the PC port. To communicate between the Z-Surveyor and the NL 2400, an 

additional null modem adapter was needed and built. The complete interconnect wiring diagram 

between the Z-Surveyor and the NL 2400 is shown in figure 2. 
4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

J2

D Connector 9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

J1

D Connector 9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

J3

D Connector 9

Female Male

orange

brown

red

white

yellow

10 feet To GPS Serial Port

To PC

RXD

RTS

TXD

CTS

GND

DCD

DSR

DTR

Female

DTE

To NL 2400 Radio

DCE

Null Modem Adapter

7-Pin Fischer Connector

6

3

5

4

2 GND

2 7

6 1

5

4

3

J4

Figure 2. NL 2400 to GPS receiver interconnect cables. 

2.3 Obtain an Accurate Base Station Location 

Before we can begin to transmit accurate position data from the base station, we need to know 

exactly where it is located. The simplest way of obtaining the location coordinates is to locate the 

base station at a previously surveyed position. In this case, the GPS antenna would be placed 

exactly over the survey point and its previously determined GPS coordinates would be used. 

Unfortunately, survey points are not always available near a desirable base station location, 

especially for this RTK method, which requires line of sight between the base and rover. If a 

prior survey has not been performed, we need to record base station position data for 30 min or 

more and post-process the data against a known base station. Continuously operated reference 

stations (CORS) are listed at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/ and their GPS RINEX2 data can 

be downloaded for our recorded time period. We perform the post-processing technique 

described in reference 1, where the nearest CORS station is treated as the known “base” and our 

Z-Surveyor base station becomes the “rover.” The centroid of the post-processed Z-Surveyor 

location coordinates becomes the GPS coordinate used in the RTK base station entry. 

2.4 Base Station RTK GPS Setup 

A summary of the base station interconnect is provided in figure 3. 
5

GPS Receiver

ABC D ANT PWR

Radio Receiver

ANT PWR

LAPTOP Com1

12 VDC

Figure 3. Interconnect diagram of the RTK base station. 

1. Set up the base station GPS antenna on a level tripod and measure the height of the antenna 

above ground (figure 4). 

Figure 4. Example of base station setup with Z-Surveyor and NL 2400 radio transmitter (left), and rover 

antenna with NL 2400 radio receiver mounted on the roof of mobile platform with Z-Surveyor 

stored inside the vehicle (right). 

 

Base antenna, ZSurveyor, and radio 

transmitter 

Rover antenna and 

radio receiver 
6

2. Set up the NL 2400 base radio transmitter on a tripod such that it has a continuous line of 

sight to the rover receiver. 

3. Install a charged battery into the base Z-Surveyor unit (figure 5). 

Figure 5. The front (left) and rear (right) panels of Z-Surveyor unit. 

4. Connect the base Z-Surveyor to the GPS antenna. 

5. Turn on Z-Surveyor by pushing the power button on the left of the unit. A “sysinfo” 

message will display on the front panel for a few seconds. Connect Port A of base ZSurveyor to the laptop with the serial cable. 

6. Connect the NL 2400 radio transmitter serial port to Port B of the base Z-Surveyor with a 

serial cable. 

7. Connect the NL 2400 power jack to a 12 V battery using the power cable. The Pwr LED 

should glow green. 

8. Login to the laptop and run evaluate (also called eval32).

9. Select “Connect to GPS Receiver with last settings”. Com1 is the port operating at 9600 

baud. 

10. Check the sky chart by clicking its icon at the top of the window. 

11. Check the indicator panel by clicking its icon at the top of the window. 

12. Select the terminal by clicking its icon at the top of the window. 

Up/Down 

Button Battery 

Slot 

Flash 

Memory 

Card Slot 

On/Off AC 

Power Button 

Display 

Panel 
7

13. In the Terminal window, 

a. Select “menu” and select “Turn off all NMEA*

 messages” (for display). Hit send. 

b. Select “type” and under “type”, enter the following sequence of commands: 

select $PASHS, CLM Hit send. (Format flash card. Returns “passed” after about 4 min.) 

select $PASHS, RST Hit send. (Reset receiver to factory defaults.) 

select $PASHS,REC,S Hit send. (Stop recording.) 

select $PASHS, ELM, 9 Hit send. (Set RTK Base mask to 9°, recommended mask angle) 

select $PASHS, POS, ddmm.mmmmmmm,N,dddmm.mmmmmmm,W,aaaaa.aaa 

Hit send. (Phase center of base antenna)†

select $PASHS, RNG, 4 Hit send. (Store all format files.) 

select $PASHS, CPD, OUT, 1 Hit send. (Output CPD solution to card and/or serial port.) 

select $PASHS, CPD, MOD, BAS Hit send. (Instruct the Base receiver to operate in CPD (RTK) mode.) 

select $PASHS, CPD, PRT, B Hit send. (Set port “B” to output DBEN‡ message.) 

select $PASHS, CPD, PED, 1 Hit send. (Transmit DBEN at 1 s.) 

select $PASHS, CPD, PEB, 10 Hit send. (Broadcast Base station location every 10 s.) 

select $PASHS, SIT, BASE Hit send. (Label the current receiver as “Base.”) 

select $PASHS, RCI, 0.1 Hit send. (Collect data at 0.1 s.) 

select $PASHS,REC,R Hit send. (Start recording.) 

select $PASHS, SAV, Y Hit send. (Save settings.) 

For checking current status: 

 select $PASHQ, CPD Hit send. (Check current settings.) 

 select $PASHQ, RAW Hit send. (Check parameters related to raw data.) 

 select $PASHQ, POS Hit send. (Check current position message.) 

c. Close the sky chart and indicator panel and then reopen them. Check for five or more 

satellites in the sky chart and that data are updating in the indicator panel. 

d. Close the evaluate program, close the laptop, and disconnect the serial cable from the 

laptop. Verify that the red record LED is still flashing on the Z-Surveyor. 

14. Check the NL 2400 radio transmitter to verify that the Tx LED flashes red. 

Note: The 85 MB flash card will fill after 4 or 5 h of recording. A fully charged battery should 

last at least 5 h. 

 *NMEA = National Marine Electronics Association. 

† ddmm.mmmmmmm = latitude in degrees, decimal minutes, for example, 3902.1686167. 

 dddmm.mmmmmmm = longitude in degrees, decimal minutes, for example, 07657.1895667. 

 aaaaa.aaa = height in meters, for example, 43.479. 

‡

 DBEN is an Ashtech proprietary data format. 
8

2.5 Base Station RTK GPS Initialization Files 

One can avoid the tedious task of manually entering the previously described GPS receiver 

command strings by preparing an initialization file ahead of time. One should prepare an ASCII 

file in a text editor and save it with a .gps extension in the Ashtech Evaluate installation directory 

under the Receiver subdirectory. An example file is shown in figure 6. 

;RTK Base station setting for Site 1

$PASHS,RST

$PASHS,REC,S

$PASHS,ELM,9

$PASHS,POS,3902.1686167,N,07657.1895667,W,43.479

$PASHS,RNG,4

$PASHS,CPD,OUT,1

$PASHS,CPD,MOD,BAS

$PASHS,CPD,PRT,B

$PASHS,CPD,PED,1

$PASHS,CPD,PEB,10

$PASHS,SIT,BASE

$PASHS,RCI,0.1

$PASHS,REC,R

$PASHS,SAV,Y

Figure 6. Initialization file for base station RTK GPS. 

The procedure for running the initialization file is as follows: 

1. Login to the laptop and run evaluate.

2. On the startup menu, select “Cancel” instead of “Connect to GPS Receiver with last 

settings”. 

3. Click on the connect icon at the top left or select “GPS” and then “Connect..” from the 

pull-down menu. 

4. Check “Initialize from file:” and select the previously saved initialization file. 

5. Select “Connect” and evaluate will run the initialization file. 

2.6 Base Station RTK GPS Shutdown Sequence 

The following steps outline how to initiate the base station RTK GPS shutdown sequence: 

1. Turn off Z-Surveyor unit. 

2. Remove the flash card. Warning: Never pull out a flash card while it is recording (the red 

LED is flashing). 

3. Remove the Z-Surveyor battery and put it into the charger. 
9

4. Disconnect the battery from the NL 2400 radio transmitter and charge it. 

5. Disconnect all cables and store. 

6. Remove the GPS antenna from the tripod and stow. 

2.7 Rover RTK GPS Setup 

A summary of the rover interconnect is provided in figure 7. 

Radar

Timing

Board

GPS Receiver

ABC D ANT PWR

Event

Trig

Radio Receiver

Com1

Com3

PC

ANT PWR

Figure 7. Interconnect diagram of the RTK rover. 

Follow these steps to set up the RTK rover: 

1. Install a charged battery into the rover Z-Surveyor unit. The battery will provide 

uninterrupted power to the Z-Surveyor unit if the inverter shuts down. 

2. Install the rover NL 2400 radio receiver and antenna in a location that will maintain 

continuous line of sight to the base NL 2400 radio transmitter. 

3. Connect the serial output of the NL 2400 radio receiver to port “C” of the rover GPS 

receiver. 
10

4. Connect the 12 V power adapter to the power jack of the NL 2400 receiver. Plug the other 

end of the power adapter into an AC power source. The NL 2400 Pwr LED should now 

glow green. 

5. Bring up the SIRE program on the PC. Turn GPS settings ON. A series of commands are 

automatically sent to Z-Surveyor from the PC. Depending on the version of the SIRE 

software, the commands in step 6 may be sent automatically to the GPS receiver. They 

have been included here to complete the user’s understanding of the rover setup. 

6. Perform the following commands in the SIRE GPS window: 

select $PASHS, CLM Hit send. (Clear and format card.) 

select $PASHS, RST Hit send. (Reset receiver to factory defaults.) 

select $PASHS,REC,S Hit send. (Stop recording.) 

select $PASHS, SPD, C, 5 Hit send. (Set port “C” to 9600 baud for radio link.) 

select $PASHS, SPD, D, 6 Hit send. (Set port “D” to 19200 baud to stream RTK data to PC.) 

select $PASHS, CPD, MOD, ROV Hit send. (Instruct the rover receiver to operate in CPD (RTK) 

mode.) 

select $PASHS, CPD, OUT, 1 Hit send. (Output CPD solution to card and/or serial port.) 

select $PASHS, SIT, ROVE Hit send. (Label the current receiver as “Rover.”) 

select $PASHS, RNG, 4 Hit send. (Store all format files.) 

select $PASHS, RCI, 0.1 Hit send. (Collect data at 0.1 s.) 

select $PASHS, NME, TTT, A, ON Hit send. (Set and output time tag information on port “A”. Note: 

This requires E option on the receiver and an event trigger pulse at 

port B.) 

select $PASHS, NME, UTM, D, ON Hit send. (Set and output NME UTM information on port “D.”) 

select $PASHS, NME, PER, 0.1 Hit send. (Set NME message period to 0.1 s.) 

select $PASHS,REC,R Hit send. Start recording.) 

select $PASHS, SAV, Y Hit send. (Save settings.) 

For checking current status: 

select $PASHQ, CPD Hit send. (Check current settings.) 

select $PASHQ, RAW Hit send. (Check parameters related to raw data.) 

select $PASHQ, POS Hit send. (Check current position message.) 

7. Check the NL 2400 radio receiver to verify that the Rx LED flashes green. 

The rover Z-Surveyor will continue to collect data on its flash card until stopped or shut off. It 

continues recording even if the software is stopped. Warning: Never pull out the flash card 

while recording (the red LED is flashing). 

2.8 Rover RTK GPS Shutdown Sequence 

The following is the shutdown sequence for the rover RTK GPS: 

1. Turn off the Z-Surveyor unit. 

2. Remove the flash card. 

3. Remove the battery and put it into its charger. 

4. Disconnect power from the NL 2400 radio receiver. 
11

3. Results 

We conducted a SIRE radar data collection at YPG, AZ, during the summer of 2008. A series of 

runs took place simultaneously using the RTK GPS procedures described in this report as well as 

the collection technique for post-processing described in reference 1. A plot of the northing and 

easting coordinates of the two techniques for one of the Yuma runs is shown in figure 8. It 

reveals a high degree of overlay in position of the RTK and post-processing methods. In fact, the 

maximum difference in corresponding values between the two methods was 8 mm in easting and 

9 mm in northing for this run. 

Figure 8. Plot of post-processing rover coordinates vs. RTK rover coordinates for a SIRE run at YPG. 

R268HH Post Proc vs RTK

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 5 10 15

Relative Easting (m)

Relative Northing (m)

Post Proc

RTK

R268HH Post Proc vs RTK

272

272.5

273

273.5

274

1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Relative Easting (m)

Relative Northing (m)

Post Proc

RTK
12

4. Conclusions 

We obtained centimeter accuracy of position data through the proper use of a real-time DGPS 

solution. A stationary (base station) GPS receiver was set up in the test area to collect data and 

transmit it over a radio link to the rover. Another GPS receiver (rover) was installed on the SIRE 

platform with a radio receiver to receive correction data from the base station. The radio link 

provides the DGPS solution to the rover in real time. We have shown that position data collected 

through the radio link compares favorably to the post-processing solution obtained through 

GrafNav software. Either DGPS configuration provides the essential positioning information 

needed to allow SIRE radar data to be focused in a known coordinate system. The RTK radio 

link configuration provides that positioning information in real time. 
13

5. References 

1. Koenig, F.; Wong, D. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Operation and PostProcessing Method for the Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) Radar; ARL-TN0281; U.S. Army Research Laboratory: Adelphi, MD, June 2007. 

2. Kaplan, E. D. (ed.) Understanding GPS Principles and Applications; Artech House: Boston, 

MA, 1996.

3. Ressler, M.; Nguyen, L.; Koenig, F.; Smith, G. Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) 

Radar Sensor for Autonomous Navigation. Army Science Conference, Nov 2006. 

4. GPS Timing Data & Information. United States Naval Observatory. 

http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/gps_datafiles.html (accessed May 2010). 

5. USNO GPS Time Transfer. United States Naval Observatory. 

http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/gpstt.html (accessed May 2010). 

6. Leap Seconds. United States Naval Observatory. http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html

(accessed May 2010). 
14

List of Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 

C/A Coarse Acquisition 

CORS continuously operated reference stations 

DGPS differential GPS 

GPS global positioning system 

P Precise 

RTK Real-time Kinematic 

SIRE Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction 

UTC coordinated universal time 

UTM Universal Transverse Mercator 

YPG Yuma Proving Ground 
15

NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

1 ADMNSTR 

ELECT DEFNS TECHL INFO CTR 

 ATTN DTIC OCP 

 8725 JOHN J KINGMAN RD STE 0944 

 FT BELVOIR VA 22060-6218 

1 CD OFC OF THE SECY OF DEFNS 

 ATTN ODDRE (R&AT) 

 THE PENTAGON 

 WASHINGTON DC 20301-3080 

1 US ARMY RSRCH DEV AND ENGRG 

 CMND 

 ARMAMENT RSRCH DEV & ENGRG 

 CTR 

 ARMAMENT ENGRG & TECHNLGY 

 CTR 

 ATTN AMSRD AAR AEF T 

 J MATTS 

 BLDG 305 

 ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD 

 21005-5001 

1 NIGHT VISION & ELECT SENSORS 

 DIRECTORATE 

 ATTN AMSRD CER NV CM GVA 

 D WONG 

 10221 BURBECK RD 

 FT BELVOIR VA 22060-5806 

1 PM TIMS, PROFILER (MMS-P) 

 AN/TMQ-52 

 ATTN B GRIFFIES 

 BUILDING 563 

 FT MONMOUTH NJ 07703 

1 US ARMY INFO SYS ENGRG CMND 

 ATTN AMSEL IE TD A RIVERA 

 FT HUACHUCA AZ 85613-5300 

1 COMMANDER 

 US ARMY RDECOM 

 ATTN AMSRD AMR 

 W C MCCORKLE 

 5400 FOWLER RD 

 REDSTONE ARSENAL AL 35898-5000 

NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

1 US GOVERNMENT PRINT OFF 

 DEPOSITORY RECEIVING SECTION 

 ATTN MAIL STOP IDAD J TATE 

 732 NORTH CAPITOL ST NW 

 WASHINGTON DC 20402 

1 US ARMY RSRCH LAB 

 ATTN RDRL CIM G T LANDFRIED 

 BLDG 4600 

 ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD 

 21005-5066 

18 US ARMY RSRCH LAB 

 ATTN IMNE ALC HRR MAIL & 

 RECORDS MGMT 

 ATTN RDRL CIM L TECHL LIB 

 ATTN RDRL CIM P TECHL PUB 

 ATTN RDRL SER U C TRAN 

 ATTN RDRL SER U F KOENIG 

 (4 COPIES) 

 ATTN RDRL SER U G KIROSE 

 ATTN RDRL SER U G SMITH 

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 ADELPHI MD 20783-1197 

TOTAL: 27 (25 HCS, 1 CD, 1 ELECT) 
16

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.