Bozeman Fish Technology Center Publication

Gawlicka, A., M. A. Herold, F. T. Barrows, J. de la Noue, and S. S. O. Hung. 2002. Effects of 

dietary lipids on grouth, fatty acid,composition, intetstinal absorption and hepatic storage in 

white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus R.) larvae. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 18:673-681.

Frenkel, V., G. A. Kindschi, and Y. Zohar. 2001. Non-invasive, mass marking of fish by 

immersion in calcein: Evaluation of fish size and ultrasound exposure on mark endurance. 

Bozeman Information Leaflet Number 90. Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT. 

25 pp.

Du, Shao Jun, V. Frenkel, G. A. Kindschi, and Y. Zohar. 2001. Visualizing normal and 

defective bone development in zebrafish embryos using the fluorescent chromophore calcein. 

Bozeman Information Leaflet Number 91. Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT. 

21 pp.

Bart, A.N., G. A Kindshi, H. Ahmed, J. Clark, J. Young, and Y. Zohar. 2001. Enhanced 

transport of calcein into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, larvae using cavitation level 

ultrasound. Aquaculture 196:189 â€“ 197.

Cole, M.B., D.E. Arnold, B.J. Watten, and W.F. Krise. 2001. Haematological and physiological 

responses of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchell) to untreated and limestoneneutralized acid mine drainage. Journal of Fish Biology 57:

Dwyer, W.P., B. Shepherd, and R.G. White. 2001. Effects of backpack electroshock on 

Westslope cutthroat trout injury and growth 110 and 250 days posttreatment. North American 

Journal of Fisheries Management 21:646 â€“ 650.

Hendrick, R.P., T.S. McDowell, K. Mukkatira, M.P. Georgiadis, and E. MacConnell. 2001. 

Salmonids resistant to Ceratomyxa Shasta are susceptible to experimentally induced infections 

with Myxobolus cerebralis. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 13:35 - 42.

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Hendrick, R.P., T.S. McDowell, K. Mukkatira, M.P. Georgiadis, and E. MacConnell. 2001. 

Susceptibility of three species of anadromous salmonids to experimentally induced infections 

with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease. Journal of Aquatic Animal 

Health 13:43 â€“ 50.

Ross, R.M., W.F. Krise, L.A. Redell, and R.M. Bennett. 2001. Effects of dissolved carbon 

dioxide on the physiology and behavior of fish in artificial streams. Environmental Toxicology 

16:84 â€“ 95.

Krise, W.F. 2000. Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon eggs to mechanical shock during the first six 

hours after fertilization. North American Journal of Aquaculture 63:34 â€“ 37.

Lellis, W. A. and F. T. Barrows. 2000. Effect of dietary ingredient substitution on dorsal fin 

erosion of steelhead. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 62:135-138. 

Farag, A. M., M. J. Suedkamp, J. S. Meyer, R. Barrows, and D. F. Woodward. 2000. 

Distribution of metals during digestion by cutthroat trout fed benthic invertebrates 

contaminated in the Clark Fork River, Montana and the Coeur dâ€TMAlene River, Idaho, U. S. 

A., and fed artificially contaminated Artemia. Journal of Fish Biology, 56:173-190. 

Barrows, F. T. 2000. Feed Additives, pages 335-340 In: R. R. Stickney, ed., Encyclopedia of 

Aquaculture. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York 

Barrows, F. T., and R. W. Hardy. 2000. Feed Manufacturing Technology, pages 354-360 In: R. 

R. Stickney, ed. Encyclopedia of Aquaculture. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 

Barrows, F. T., and M. B. Rust. 2000. Larval Feeding - Fish, pages 465-469 In: R. R. Stickney, 

ed., Encyclopedia of Aquaculture. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York 

Barrows, F. T., and W. A. Lellis. 2000. Microbound Feeds, pages 525-528. In: R. R. Stickney, 

ed., Encyclopedia of Aquaculture. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York 

Barrows, F. T. 2000. Larval feeds: Two methods for production of on-size, microbound 

particles. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 3:61,63. 

Barrows, F.T., and W. A. Lellis. 1999. The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal 

fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 180:167-175. 

Tidwell, J. H., C. D. Webster, S. D. Coyle, and F. T. Barrows. 1999. Growth of juvenile 

walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, fed two dietary protein levels in ponds. Journal of Applied 

Aquaculture 9:47-56. 

Bardi, Jr., R. W., F. A. Chapman, and F. T. Barrows. 1998. Feeding trials with hatcheryproduced Gulf of Mexico sturgeon larvae. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 60:25-31. 

Skonberg, D. I., R. W. Hardy, F. T. Barrows, and F. M. Dong. 1998. Color and flavor analyses 

of fillets from farm-raised rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed low-phosphorus feeds 

containing corn or wheat gluten. Aquaculture 166:269-277. 

Andree, K. B., E. MacConnell, R. P. Hedrick. 1998. A nested polymerase chain reaction for the 

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detection of genomic DNA of Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 34:145-154. 

Bowker, J., and D. Erdahl. 1998. Observations on the efficacy of chloramine-T treatment to 

control mortality in a variety of salmonids. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 60:63-66. 

Hedrick, R. P., M. El-Matbouli, M. A. Adkinson, and E. MacConnell. 1998. Whirling Disease: 

re-emergence among wild trout. Immunological Reviews 166:365-376. 

Winfree, R. A., G. A. Kindschi, and H. T. Shaw. 1998. Elevated water temperature, crowding, 

and food deprivation accelerate fin erosion in juvenile steelhead trout. The Progressive FishCulturist 60:192-199. 

Coyle, S. D., J. H. Tidwell, and F. T. Barrows. 1997. Preliminary studies on walleye feed 

training in cages and second-year growth in ponds. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 59:249-252. 

Barton, B. A., and W. P. Dwyer. 1997. Physiological stress effects of continuous-and pulsedDC electroshock on juvenile bull trout to electroshock. Journal of Fish Biology 51:998-1008. 

Santerre, C. R., V. S. Blazer, N. Khanna, R. E. Reinert, and F. T. Barrows. 1997. Absorption of 

dietary dieldrin by striped bass. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 

58:334-340. 

Lellis, W. A., and F. T. Barrows. 1997. The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead 

trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 156:229-240. 

Dwyer, W. P., and R. G. White. 1997. Effect of electroshock on juvenile Arctic grayling and 

Yellowstone cutthroat trout growth, 100 days after treatment. North American Journal of 

Fisheries Management 17:174-177. 

Allard, L. W. 1997. Tribal fish and wildlife code assessment. Intermountain Journal of Sciences 

3(2/3):107-115. 

Dwyer, W. P., R. Spoon, and D. Yerk. 1997. Effect of electroshock voltage and waveform on 

mortality of walleye eggs. Intermountain Journal of Sciences 3:8-11. 

Dick, T. A., and F. T. Barrows. 1996. Lake sturgeon: A freshwater fish species with a future. 

Bulletin of Aquaculture Association of Canada 3:50-52. 

Lohr, S. C., P. A. Byorth, C. M. Caya, and W. P. Dwyer. 1996. High-temperature tolerances of 

fluvial Arctic grayling and comparisons with summer river temperatures of the Big Hole River, 

Montana. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 125:933-939. 

Barrows, F. T., and W. A. Lellis. 1996. Diet and nutrition. Walleye Culture Manual, R. C. 

Summerfelt, editor. Pages 315-321. In NCRAC Culture Series 101, North Central Regional 

Aquaculture Center Publications Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. 

Ashraf, M., K. L. Simpson, D. A. Bengtson, F. T. Barrows, and P. C. Maugle. 1996. Effect of 

dietary ascorbic acid vitamin supplements on growth and survival of striped bass, Marone 

saxatilis, and inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, larvae. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 28

(3):185-189. 

Barton, B. A., and R. E. Zitzow. 1995. Physiological responses of juvenile walleyes to handling 

stress with recovery in saline water. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 57:267-276. 

Dwyer, W. P., and R. G. White. 1995. Influence of electroshock on short-term growth of adult 

rainbow trout and juvenile Arctic grayling and cutthroat trout. North American Journal of 

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Fisheries Management 15(1):148-151. 

Dimes, L. E., N. F. Haard, F. M. Dong, B. A. Rasco, I. P. Forster, W. T. Fairgrieve, R. Arndt, 

R. W. Hardy, F. T. Barrows, and D. A. Higgs. 1994. Estimation of protein digestibility-II: In 

vitro assay of protein in salmonid feeds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 108A

(2/3):363-370. 

Kindschi, G. A., and R. F. Koby, Jr. 1994. Performance and oxygen consumption of Snake 

River cutthroat trout reared at four densities with supplemental oxygen. The Progressive FishCulturist 56:13-18. 

Dwyer, W. P., C. E. Smith, and B. D. Rosenlund. 1994. Recovery of the greenback cutthroat 

trout, a success story. Proceedings Wild Trout V: Wild trout in the 21st century, Yellowstone 

National Park. 

Dong, F. M, R. W. Hardy, N. F. Haard, F. T. Barrows, B. A. Rasco, W. T. Fairgrieve, and I. P. 

Forster. 1993. Chemical composition and protein digestibility of poultry by-product meals for 

salmonid diets. Aquaculture 116:149-158. 

Barrows, F. T., G. A. Kindschi, and R. E. Zitzow. 1993. Detecting swim bladder inflation in 

fingerling walleyes. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 55:90-94. 

Barrows, F.T., R. E. Zitzow, and G. A. Kindschi. 1993. Effects of surface water spray, diet, and 

phase feeding on swim bladder inflation, survival, and cost of production of intensively reared 

larval walleyes. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 55:224-228. 

Dwyer, W. P., and J. E. Peterson. 1993. Evaluation of a low head oxygenator at Giant Springs 

State Fish Hatchery, Great Falls, Montana. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 55:121-124. 

Dwyer, W. P., W. Fredenberg, and D. A. Erdahl. 1993. Influence of electroshock and 

mechanical shock on survival of trout eggs. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 

13:839-843. 

MacConnell, E., and F. T. Barrows. 1993. Pathological changes associated with vitamin C 

deficiency in walleyes. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 5:287-293. 

Kindschi, G. A., and F. T. Barrows. 1993. Survey of swim bladder inflation in walleyes reared 

in hatchery production ponds. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 55:219-223. 

Dwyer, W. P., and W. H. Orr. 1992. Removal of radon gas liberated by aeration columns in 

fish hatcheries. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 54:57-58. 

Kindschi, G.A., and B. Kirkpatrick. 1992. A small electrical grid for preventing escapement of 

fish. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 1:103-109. 

Doulos, S. K., and G. A. Kindschi. 1992. Effects of oxygen supplementation on lake trout 

brood stock. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 1(3):89-96. 

Michak, P., C. E. Smith, and K. Hopper. 1992. Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome: a light 

and electron microscopic study of infected erythrocytes of chinook and coho salmon. Diseases 

of Aquatic Organisms 12:229-233. 

Cvitanich, J., O. Garate, and C. E. Smith. 1991. The isolation and confirmation by Koch's 

postulates of a rickettsia like organism causing disease and mortality in Chilean salmonids from 

region 10. Fish Diseases 14(2):121-146. 

Dwyer, W. P. 1991. Catchability of three stains of cutthroat trout. North American Journal of 

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Fisheries Management 10:458-461. 

Dwyer, W. P., J. Colt, and D. E. Owsley. 1991. Effectiveness of injecting pure oxygen into 

sealed columns for improving water quality in aquaculture. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 53

(2):72-80. 

Dwyer, W. P., G. A. Kindschi, and C. E. Smith. 1991. Evaluation of high and low pressure 

oxygen injection techniques. Pages 428-436. In Proceedings of the American Fisheries Society 

Bioengineering Symposium, October 24-26, 1988, Portland, OR. American Fisheries Society 

Symposium 10. 

Edsall, D. A., and C. E. Smith. 1991. Oxygen-induced gas bubble disease in rainbow trout, 

Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 22:135-140. 

Edsall, D. A., and C. E. Smith. 1991. Effect of oxygen supersaturation on rainbow trout fed 

with demand feeders. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 53(2):95-96. 

Kindschi, G. A., H. T. Shaw, and D. S. Bruhn. 1991. Effects of baffles and isolation on dorsal 

fin erosion in steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson). Aquaculture and Fisheries 

Management 22:343-350. 

Kindschi, G. A., and F. T. Barrows. 1991. Optimal screen mesh size for restraining walleye fry. 

The Progressive Fish-Culturist 53(1):53-55. 

Kindschi, G. A., H. T. Shaw, and D. S. Bruhn. 1991. Effect of diet on performance, fin quality, 

and dorsal skin lesions in steelhead. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 1:113-120. 

Kindschi, G. A., R. G. Thompson, and A. P. Mendoza. 1991. Use of raceway baffles in 

rainbow trout culture. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 53(2):97-101. 

Kindschi, G. A., and F. T. Barrows. 1991. Evaluation of an electronic counter for walleye fry. 

The Progressive Fish-Culturist 53(3):180-183. 

Kindschi, G. A., C. E. Smith, and R. F. Koby, Jr. 1991. Performance of two strains of rainbow 

trout reared at four densities with supplemental oxygen. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 53:203-

209. 

Kindschi, G. A., C. E. Smith, and R. F, Koby, Jr. 1991. Oxygen consumption of two strains of 

rainbow trout reared at four densities with supplemental oxygen. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 

53:210-215. 

Mac Connell, E., and C. E. Smith. 1991. Shaerospora spp. not found in fish inhabiting Riley 

Creek, enzootic for proliferative kidney disease. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish 

Pathologists 10(5):149-151. 

Zitzow, R. E. 1991. Extended incubation of walleye eggs with low-flow incubators. The 

Progressive Fish-Culturist 53(3):180-183. 

Doulos, S. K., and G. A. Kindschi. 1990. Effects of oxygen supersaturation on performance of 

cutthroat trout and rainbow trout. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 21:39-46. 

Dwyer, W. P. 1990. Catchability of three strains of cutthroat trout. North American Journal of 

Fisheries Management 10:458-461. 

Hughes, S. G., and F. T. Barrows. 1990. Measurements of the abilities of cultured fishes to 

moisturize their digesta. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 96A(l):109-111. 

Edsall, D. A., and C. E. Smith. 1990. Performance of rainbow trout and Snake River cutthroat 

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trout reared in oxygen-supersaturated water. Aquaculture 90:251-259. 

Kindschi, G. A., and F. T. Barrows. 1990. Diets for the intensive culture of Arctic grayling in 

Montana. The Progressive Fish Culturist 52:88-91. 

Morrison, J. K., E. Mac Connell, P. Chapman, and D. Westgard. 1990. A microsporidiuminduced lymphoblastosis in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in fresh water. 

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 8:99-104. 

Bartholomew, J. L., C. E. Smith, J. S. Rohovec, and J. L. Fryer. 1989. Characterization of the 

host response to the Myxosporean parasite, Ceratomyxa shasta, by histology, scanning electron 

microscopy, and immunological techniques. Journal of Fish Diseases 12(5):509-522. 

Cormier, S. M., R. N. Racine, C. E. Smith, W. P. Dey, and T. H. Peck. 1989. Hepatocellular 

carcinoma and fatty infiltration in the Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum). 

Journal of Fish Diseases 12:105-116. 

Dwyer, W. P., and C. E. Smith. 1989. Metacercariae of Diplostomum snathaceum in the eyes 

of fishes from Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 25(1):126-129. 

Kindschi, G. A., C. E. Smith, and S. K. Doulos. 1989. Use of the Aquatector oxygenation 

system for improving the quality of fish-rearing water. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 51:140-

145. 

Edsall, D. A., and C. E. Smith. 1989. Effects of dietary clinoptilolite on coho salmon effluent 

ammonia levels. The Progressive Fish Culturist 51(2):98-100. 

Ketola, H. G., C. E. Smith, and G. A. Kindschi. 1989. Influence of diet and oxidative rancidity 

on fry of Atlantic and coho salmon. Aquaculture 79:417-423. 

Kindschi, G. A., and E. MacConnell. 1989. Factors influencing early mortality of walleye fry 

reared intensively. The Progressive Fish Culturist 51:220-226. 

MacConnell, E. 1989. Effects of water reuse on lake trout. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 51

(1):33-37. 

MacConnell, E., C. E. Smith, R. P. Hedrick, and C. A. Speer. 1989. Cellular inflammatory 

response of rainbow trout to the protozoan parasite that causes proliferative kidney disease. 

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health l(2):108-118. 

Barrows, F. T., W. A. Lellis, and J. G. Nickum. 1988. Intensive culture of larval walleye fry 

with dry or formulated feed: note on swim bladder inflation. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 50

(3):160-166. 

Barrows, F. T., J. L. Sell, and J. G. Nickum. 1988. The effect of dietary protein and energy 

level on weight gain, body composition and RNA/DNA ratios of fingerling walleye. The 

Progressive Fish Culturist 50(4):211-218. 

Dwyer, W. P., and B. D. Rosenlund. 1988. Role of fish culture in reestablishment of greenback 

cutthroat trout. American Fisheries Society Symposium 4:75-80. 

Kindschi, G. A. 1988. Effect of intermittent feeding on rainbow trout growth. Aquaculture and 

Fisheries Management 19:213-215. 

Mitchell, A. J., and C. E. Smith. 1988. Amphileptis brancharium (Protozoa: Amphileptidae) in 

pond-reared fish in Arkansas. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 24(4):642-646. 

Smith, C. E. 1988. Histopathology of gas bubble disease in juvenile rainbow trout. The 

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Progressive Fish Culturist 50(2):98-103. 

Zitzow, R. E., and J. L. Millard. 1988. Survival and growth of lake whitefish (Coregonus 

clupeaformis) larvae fed only formulated dry diets. Aquaculture 69:105-113. 

Dwyer, W. P. 1987. Effect of lowering water temperature on hatching time and survival of lake 

trout eggs. The Progressive Fish Culturist 49(3):175-176. 

Dwyer, W. P., and R. G. Piper. 1987. Atlantic salmon growth efficiency as affected by 

temperature. The Progressive Fish Culturist 49(1):57-59. 

Kindschi, G. A. 1987. Method of quantifying degree of fin erosion. The Progressive Fish 

Culturist 49(4):314-315. 

Kindschi, G. A., D. A. Edsall, R. A. Phillips, and S. H. Severson. 1987. Performance of lake 

trout fed selected starter diets. The Progressive Fish Culturist 49(4):299-301. 

Morrison, J. K., and C. E. Smith. 1986. Altering the spawning cycle of rainbow trout by 

manipulating water temperature. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 48(1):52-54. 

Thurston, R. V., R. C. Russo, E. L. Meyn, R. K. Zajdel, and C. E. Smith. 1986. Chronic 

toxicity of ammonia to fathead minnows. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 

115:196-207. 

Dwyer, W. P., and R. G. Piper. 1984. Three-year hatchery and field evaluation of four strains of 

rainbow trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 4:216-221. 

Kindschi, G. A. 1984. Two feed types and methods for steelhead trout production. The 

Progressive Fish Culturist 46:44-47. 

Piper, R. G., and C. E. Smith. 1984. Use of clinoptilolite for ammonia removal in fish culture 

systems. Pages 223-228 In Zeo-Agriculture. Edited by W. G. Pond, and F. A. Mumpton, 

Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 

Smith, C. E. 1984. Hyperplastic lesions of the primitive meninx of fathead minnows 

Pimephales promelas induced by ammonia: species potential for carcinogen testing. National 

Cancer Institute Monograph, No.65, p.119-125. 

Smith, C. E., J. K. Morrison, H. Ramsey, and H. W. Ferguson. 1984. Proliferative kidney 

disease: first reported outbreak in North America. Journal of Fish Diseases 7(3):207-216. 

Thurston, R. V., R. Russo, R. Luedke, C. E. Smith, E. Meyn, C. Chakoumakos, K. Wang, and 

C. J. D. Brown. 1984. Chronic toxicity of ammonia to rainbow trout. Transactions of the 

American Fisheries Society 113(1): 56-73. 

Warr, G. W., B. R. Griffin, D. P. Anderson, P. E. McAllister, B. Lidgerding, and C. E. Smith. 

1984. A lymphosarcoma of thymic origin in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. 

Journal of Fish Diseases 7(1):73-82. 

Dwyer, W. P., R. G. Piper, and C. E. Smith. 1983. Brook trout growth efficiency as affected by 

temperature. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 45(3):161-164. 

Smith, C. E., W. P. Dwyer, and R. G. Piper. 1983. Effect of water temperature on egg quality 

of cutthroat trout. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 45(3):176-179. 

Warr, G. W., D. DeLuca, M. Wilson, B. R. Griffin, D. A. Anderson, P. E. McAllister, B. 

Lidgerding, and C. E. Smith. 1983. Lympho-cyte subpopulations and thymic lymphosarcoma in 

the rainbow trout. Pages 139-140. In: Advances in Comparative Leukemia Research, D. S. 

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Yohn, ed. M. A. Rich, Leukemia Review International, Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, NY. 

Woodward, D. F, R. G. Riley, and C. E. Smith. 1983. Accumulation, sublethal effects, and safe 

concentration of a refined oil as evaluated with cutthroat trout. Archives of Environmental 

Contaminants and Toxicology 12:455-464. 

Piper, R. G., I. B. Mc Elwain, L. E. Orme, J.P. McCraren, L. G. Fowler, and J. R. Leonard. 

1982. Fish Hatchery Management. U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 

Washington, D.C. 517 pp. 

Holloway, H. L., Jr., and C. E. Smith. 1982. A myopathy in North Dakota walleye, Stizostedion 

vitreum Mitchell. Journal of Fish Diseases 5(6):527-530. 

Mitchell, A. J., C. E. Smith, and G. L. Hoffman. 1982. Pathogenicity and histopathology of an 

unusually intense infection of white grubs Postodi plostomum minimum in the fathead minnow 

Pimephales promelas. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 18(1): 51-58. 

Wolf, K. E., and C. E. Smith. 1981. Histopathological changes in rainbow trout infected with 

Herpesvirus salmonis. Journal of Fish Diseases 4:445-457. 

Harshbarger, J. C., E. R. Jacobson, C. E. Smith, and J. A. Couch. 1980. Hematopoietic 

neoplasms in invertebrates and cold-blooded vertebrates. Proceedings IXth International 

Symposium on comparative research on leukemia and related diseases. Pitsunda, U.S.S.R., 

October 3-6, 1979. Pages 223-225. In Advances in Comparative Leukemia Research, 1980. 

Smith, C. E., and T. Inslee. 1980. Interlamellar Henneguya infestation in adult channel catfish 

Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of Fish Diseases 3:257-260. 

Hoffman, G. L., S. L. Kazubski, A. J. Mitchell, and C. E. Smith. 1979. Chilodonella hexasticha 

(Kiernik, 1909), (protozoa, ciliata) from North American warmwater fish. Journal of Fish 

Diseases 2:153-157. 

Smith, C. E., M. D. Osborne, R. G. Piper, and W. P. Dwyer. 1979. Effect of diet composition 

on performance of rainbow trout broodstock during a three-year period. The Progressive FishCulturist 41(4):185-188. 

Smith, C. E., T. H. Peck, R. J. Klauda, and J. B. McCraren. 1979. Hepatomas in Atlantic 

tomcod Microqadus tomcod (Walbaum), collected in the Hudson River estuary in New York. 

Journal of Fish Diseases 2:313-319. 

Smith, C. E. 1979. The prevention of liver lipoid degeneration (ceroidosis) and microcytic 

anemia in rainbow trout, (Salmo gairdneri) Richardson, fed rancid diets; a preliminary report. 

Journal of Fish Diseases 2:429-437. 

Holloway, H. L., Jr., and C. E. Smith. 1978. Muscular necrosis of Stizostedion vitreum in 

North Dakota. American Zoology 18(3):611. 

Thurston, R. V., R. C. Russo, and C. E. Smith. 1978. Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to 

cutthroat trout fry. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107(2):361-368. 

Bullock, G. L., H. M. Stuckey, R. L. Herman, and C. E. Smith. 1976. Comparative 

susceptibility of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to Aeromonas salmonicida and enteric redmouth 

bacterium. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 12:376-379. 

Major, R. O., J. P. McCraren, and C. E. Smith. 1975. Histopathological changes in channel 

catfish experimentally and naturally infected with channel catfish virus disease. Journal of the 

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Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32(4):563-567. 

Piper, R. G., J. L. Blumberg, and J. E. Holway. 1975. Length-Weight relationships in some 

salmonid fishes. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 37:181-184. 

Smith, C. E., and R. G. Piper. 1975. Lesions associated with chronic exposure to ammonia. 

Pages 497-514. In The Pathology of Fishes, University of Wisconsin Press, W. E. Ribelin and 

G. Migaki, Eds. 

Smith, C. E., and R. C. Russo. 1975. Nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia in rainbow trout. The 

Progressive Fish-Culturist 37(3):150-152. 

Smith, C. E., and W. O. Williams. 1974. Experimental nitrite toxicity in rainbow trout and 

chinook salmon. Transaction of the American Fisheries Society 103(2):389-390. 

Smith, C. E., M. Brin, and J. E. Halver. 1974. Biochemical, physiological and pathological 

changes in pyridoxine-deficient rainbow trout. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of 

Canada 32(12):1893-1898. 

Holway, J. E., and C. E. Smith. 1973. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis of rainbow trout in 

Montana: A case report. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 9:287-290. 

Piper, R. G., and C. E. Smith. 1973. Factors influencing formalin toxicity in trout. The 

Progressive Fish Culturist 35(2):78-81. 

Smith, C. E., H. F. Holway, and G. L. Hammer. 1973. Sulfamerazine toxicity in cutthroat trout 

broodfish (Salmo clarkii). Journal of Fish Biology 5:97-101. 

Smith, C. E., and R. G. Piper. 1972. Pathological effects on formalin-treated rainbow trout. 

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 29:328-329. 

Smith, C. E. 1971. An undifferentiated hematopoietic neoplasm with histological 

manifestations of leukemia in a cutthroat trout. Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada 28

(1):112-113. 

Smith, C. E., L. R. Mc Lain, and W. S. Zaugg. 1971. Phenylhydrazine induced anemia in 

chinook salmon. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 20:73-81. 

Smith, C. E., and J. E. Halver. 1969. Folic acid anemia in coho salmon. Journal of the Fisheries 

Research Board of Canada 26(1):111-114. 

Smith, C. E. 1968. Hematological changes in coho salmon fed a folic acid deficient diet. 

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 25(1):1515-1516. 

Benville, P. E., Jr., C. E. Smith, and W. E. Shanks. 1968. Some toxic effects of 

dimethylsulfoxide on salmon and trout. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 12:156-178. 

Technology Center Transfer Series; Bozeman Information Leaflets (BIL) 

Present â€“ 1975 

Bart, A. N., G. A. Kindschi, H. Ahmed, J. Clark, J. Young, and Y. Zohar. 1999. Enhanced 

diffusion of calcein into rainbow trout larvae using cavitation level ultrasound. 

Welch, E. B., E. L. Anderson, J. M. Jacoby, B.F. Biggs, J. M. Quinn, and G. A. Kindschi. 1998. 

Invertebrate grazing of filamentous green algae in outdoor channels. 

Bowker, J. D., and L. Telles. 1997. Results from a Chloramine-T clinical efficacy trial to 

control mortality among fall chum salmon caused by bacterial gill disease. 

Barrows, F. T., and W. A. Lellis. 1997. Prevention of fin erosion in rainbow trout, 

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Onchorynchus mykiss, by dietary modification. 

Bowker, J. D., and D. A. Erdahl. August, 1997. Observations on the efficacy of chloramine_T 

treatment to control mortality in a variety of salmonids. 

Winfree, R. A., G. A. Kindschi, and H. T. Shaw. August, 1997. Elevated water temperature, 

crowding, and food deprivation accelerate fin erosion in juvenile steelhead trout. 

Shrable, J. B., W. H. Orr, and G. A. Kindschi. April, 1997. Use of supersaturated oxygen 

conditions as a means to prevent fungal growth on fish eggs. 

Barrows, F. T. December, 1993. Annual progress report: year 1. Walleye research summary, 

1993 season. 

Dwyer, W. P., and D. A. Erdahl. May, 1993. Influence of electroshock voltage, wave form, and 

pulse rate on survival of cutthroat trout eggs. 

Dwyer, W. P., and R. G. White. February, 1993. Influence of electroshock on juvenile Arctic 

grayling and cutthroat trout growth. 

Barrows, F. T., and C. E. Smith. January, 1993. Comparison of the amino acid profile of the 

egg with the whole_body protein as a basis for balancing walleye diets. 

Barrows, F. T., C. E. Smith, W. Orr, B. Shrable, E. Holt, D. Noble, J. Gravning, and R. Hardy. 

January, 1993. Effect of source and quality of fish meal on the growth performance of rainbow 

trout. 

Smith, C. E., and E. MacConnell. January, 1993. Kidney lesions in "egg_bound" rainbow trout. 

MacConnell, E., F. T. Barrows, and G. A. Kindschi. June, 1992. Comparison of immune 

response of walleye fingerlings with and without inflated swim bladders. 

MacConnell, E., and F. T. Barrows. March, 1992. Pathological changes associated with vitamin 

C deficient walleye. 

Barrows, F. T., G. A. Kindschi, R. E. Zitzow, and C. E. Smith. June, 1992. Summary of 

walleye culture and diet development research conducted and coordinated by the U. S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service (Region 6) in 1993. 

Kindschi, G. A., and F. T. Barrows. December, 1992. Survey of swim bladder inflation of 

walleye reared in hatchery production ponds. 

Kindschi, G. A., and R. F. Koby, Jr. December, 1992. Performance and oxygen consumption of 

Snake River cutthroat trout reared at four densities with supplemental oxygen. 

Dwyer, W. P., and W. H. Orr. March, 1992. Removal of radon gas liberated by aeration 

columns in fish hatcheries. 

Dwyer, W. P., W. Fredenberg, and D. A. Erdahl. March, 1992. Influence of electroshock and 

mechanical shock on survival of trout eggs. 

Dwyer, W. P., and J. E. Peterson. January, 1992. Evaluation of the low head oxygenator at the 

Giant Springs State Fish Hatchery, Great Falls, Montana. 

Barrows, F. T., G. A. Kindschi, C. E. Smith, and R. E. Zitzow. October, 1991. Annual progress 

report: year 2, walleye research summary, 1990 Season, conducted at the Bozeman Fish 

Technology Center. 

Hanna, T. D., W. P. Dwyer, and C. E. Smith. October, 1991. The effect of oxygen 

supplementation on the toxicity of ammonia in rainbow trout. 

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Kindschi, G. A., and B. Kirkpatrick. June, 1991. A small electric grid for preventing 

escapement of fish. 

Kindschi, G. A., H. T. Shaw, and D. S. Bruhn. October, 1990. Effects of baffles and isolation 

on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout. 

Dwyer, W. P., P. E. Bigelow, and R. Skates. October, 1990. Growth of Snake River and 

Yellowstone cutthroat trout in small lakes. 

Edsall, D. A., and D. A. Erdahl. August, 1990. Comparison of two fry diets fed to greenback 

and Bear Lake cutthroat, and golden trout. 

Barrows, F. T., G. A. Kindschi, and C. E. Smith. June, 1990. Summary of walleye culture and 

diet development research conducted and coordinated by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 

1989. 

Kindschi, G. A., C. E. Smith, and R. F. Koby, Jr. June, 1990. Effects of supplemental oxygen 

on the performance of two strains of rainbow trout reared at four densities. 

Kindschi, G. A., C. E. Smith, and R. F. Koby, Jr. June, 1990. Oxygen consumption of two 

strains of rainbow trout reared at four densities with supplemental oxygen. 

Doulos, S. K., and G. A. Kindschi. April, 1990. Effects of oxygen supplementation on lake 

trout broodstock and egg quality. 

Dwyer, W. P., J. Colt, and D. E. Owsley. January, 1990. Efficiency of injecting pure oxygen 

into sealed columns. 

Kindschi, G. A., and F. T. Barrows. January, 1990. Evaluation of an electronic walleye fry 

counter. 

Barrows, F. T., and G. A. Kindschi. December, 1989. Methods for detection of swim bladder 

inflation in fingerling walleye. 

Edsall, D. A., and F. T. Barrows. October, 1989. Performance of rainbow trout fed the new 

extruded Biosponge Trout Grower, Biodiet Grower, or Silver Cup Trout Feed. 

Kindschi, G. A., R. G. Thompson, and A. P. Mendoza. September, 1989. Use of raceway 

baffles in rainbow trout culture. 

Kindschi, G. A., and F. T. Barrows. September, 1989. Optimal screen mesh size for restraining 

walleye fry. 

Kindschi, G. A., H. T. Shaw, and D. S. Bruhn. September, 1989. Effect of diet on performance, 

fin quality and dorsal skin lesions in steelhead. 

Edsall, D. A., and C. E. Smith. April, 1989. A comparison of menhaden and herring oils in the 

diet of coho salmon and lake trout. 

Doulos, S. K., and G. A. Kindschi. April, 1989. Effects of oxygen supersaturation on 

performance of cutthroat trout and rainbow trout. 

Ketola, H. G., R. E. Zitzow, and D. A. Edsall. January, 1989. Random sample diet test: starter 

diets for lake trout. 

Viola, A. E. January, 1989. A comparison of the Big Redd and Heath incubation systems. 

Kindschi, G. A., and F. T. Barrows. January, 1989. Diets for the intensive culture of Arctic 

grayling in Montana. 

Dwyer, W. P., C. E. Smith, and W. P. Connor. September, 1988. Supersaturation bioassays 

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with lake trout fry. 

Kindschi, G. A., C. E. Smith, and J. Boyce. August, 1988. Effects of feeding diets 

supplemented with herring and menhaden oil on dorsal skin lesions, fin erosion and 

performance of the McConaughy strain of rainbow trout. 

Kindschi, G. A., C. E. Smith, and S. K. Doulos. August, 1988. Use of the Aquatector 

oxygenation system for improving the quality of fish rearing water. 

MacConnell, E. November, 1987. The effect of water reuse on coho salmon, Oncorhynchus 

kisutch. 

Schutte, A. R. December, 1986. Evaluation of the Aquatector: an oxygenation system for 

intensive fish culture. 

Kindschi, G. A. October, 1987. Efforts to prevent early mortality of walleye fry reared 

intensively. 

Cross, V. K. (Leadville National Fish Hatchery, CO). October, 1987. Instructions for lot history 

production and hatchery production summary database. 

Ketola, H. G. (Tunnison Lab Fish Nutrition, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cortland, NY). 

October, 1987. Random sample diet test: starter diets for Atlantic salmon. 

Edsall, D. A., and C. E. Smith. August, 1987. Comparison of two semi_moist starter diets for 

coho salmon. 

Ketola, H. G., C. E. Smith, and G. A. Kindschi. May, 1987. Random sample diet test: starter 

diets for coho salmon. 

Viola, A. E., and C. E. Smith. February, 1987. Performance of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus 

fed three starter diets. 

Smith, C. E. January, 1987. Histopathology of gas bubble disease in juvenile rainbow trout. 

MacConnell, E., and R. G. Piper. June, 1986. The effect of water reuse on lake trout, Salvelinus 

namaycush. 

Dwyer, W. P. March, 1986. Effect of lowering water temperature on hatching time and survival 

of lake trout eggs. 

Morrison, J. K., and R. G. Piper. July, 1985. The effect of water reuse on Atlantic salmon, 

Salmo salar. 

Smit, T. April, 1984. Control of growth in hatchery_reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, by 

manipulation of feeding rates. 

Dwyer, W. P., and R. G. Piper. February, 1984. Atlantic salmon growth efficiency as affected 

by temperature. 

Morrison, J. K. March, 1983. The effect of 50?F water vs. 54?F on the egg quality of rainbow 

trout. 

Morrison, J. K., and R. G. Piper. January, 1983. The effect of water reuse on steelhead trout, 

Salmo gairdneri. 

Dwyer, W. P., R. G. Piper, and C. E. Smith. September, 1982. Steelhead trout growth 

efficiency as affected by temperature. 

Roem, A. J. July, 1982. Reduction of zeolite bed clogging in water reconditioning systems used 

for aquaculture. 

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Morrison, J. K., and R. G. Piper. April, 1982. The effect of water reuse on brown trout Salmo 

trutta. 

Orr, W., J. Call, J. Brooks, E. Holt, and J. Mainwaring. April, 1982. Effects of feeding rates on 

spawning performance of two_year old rainbow trout broodstock. 

Smith, C. E., W. P. Dwyer, and R. G. Piper. January, 1982. Effect of water temperature on egg 

quality of west slope cutthroat trout. 

Dwyer, W. P., C. E. Smith, and R. G. Piper. November, 1981. Salvelinus namaycush, growth 

efficiency as affected by temperature. 

Morrison, J. K., and C. E. Smith. September, 1981. The fixation and handling of fish tissues 

intended for histological examination. 

Smith, C. E., R. G. Piper, and H. R. Tisher. July, 1981. The use of clinoptilolite and ion 

exchange as a method of ammonia removal in fish cultural systems. 

Morrison, J. K., and C. E. Smith. June, 1981. The effect of dietary carotenoid supplementation 

on egg quality of brook trout. 

Dwyer, W. P., C. E. Smith, and R. G. Piper. June, 1981. Rainbow trout growth efficiency as 

affected by temperature. 

Morrison, J. K. March, 1981. The effect of water temperature on the sexual development and 

egg quality of brook trout broodstock. 

Dwyer, W. P., R. G. Piper, and C. E. Smith. March, 1981. Brook trout growth efficiency as 

affected by temperature. 

Dwyer, W. P. January, 1981. The use of egg_sorting devices: a survey. 

Morrison, J. K., and C. E. Smith. June, 1980. The effect of water temperature on the sexual 

development and egg quality of rainbow trout broodstock. 

Smith, C. E., and W. P. Dwyer. May, 1980. PhotozoneR toxicity in rainbow trout, Salmo 

gairdneri. 

Dwyer, W. P. March, 1980. Three year hatchery and field evaluation of four strains of rainbow 

trout. 

Dwyer, W. P., and C. E. Smith. January, 1980. Effect of rapidly changing temperature on 

plasma chloride and glucose levels of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. 

Dolan, J. J., and R. G. Piper. October, 1979. Hatchery and field evaluation of four strains of 

rainbow trout. 

Dwyer, W. P., and C. E. Smith. August, 1979. Toxic effects in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri 

exposed to treatment levels of potassium permanganate at various water temperatures. 

Smith, C. E., M. D. Osborne, R. G. Piper, and W. P. Dwyer. April, 1979. The effect of diet 

composition on the performance of rainbow trout broodstock during a 3_year period. 

Smith, C. E., and J. K. Morrison. September, 1978. The effects of soybean products on growth 

and mortality of west slope cutthroat trout. 

Pitman, R. W. March, 1978. Effects of female age and egg size on growth and mortality in 

rainbow trout. 

Dwyer, W. P., and H. R. Tisher. June, 1976. A method for settleable solids removal in fish 

hatcheries. 

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Smith, C. E., and R. G. Piper. June, 1975. Effects of metabolic products on the quality of 

rainbow trout. 

Smith, C. E., R. G. Piper, and W. P. Dwyer. June, 1975. Observed effects of recycled hatchery 

water on rainbow trout. 

Smith, C. E. June, 1974. A comparison of Silver Cup Salmon, SD_6 and W_7 diets for rearing 

west slope cutthroat trout. 

Piper, R. G. June, 1975. A review of carrying capacity calculations for fish hatchery rearing 

units. 

Miscellaneous Reports 

Bowker, J. D., D. Free, R. Shudes, A. Mendoza, and D. Oviedo. 1999. Results from clinical 

field efficacy trials with chloramine-T and oxytetracycline medicated feed. Proceedings of 

Aquaculture 99, Tampa, Florida, January 27-30, 1999. 

Bowker, J. D., L. Telles, B. David and D. Erdahl. 1998. Clinical field efficacy trials of 

chloramine-T to control mortality caused by bacterial gill disease. Proceedings of Aquaculture 

98, Las Vegas, Nevada, February 15-19, 1998. 

Guthrie, K. M., M. B. Rust, C. J. Langdon, and F. T. Barrows. 1998. Acceptability of various 

microparticulate diets to first-feeding walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, larvae. Proceedings of 

Aquaculture 98, Las Vegas, Nevada, February 15-19, 1998. 

Dwyer, W. P. 1997. The history and status of Arctic grayling propagation in Montana. 

Proceedings of the American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Monterey, California, August 

25-29, 1997. 

Barton, B. A., and W. P. Dwyer. 1996. Physiological stress responses of rainbow trout and bull 

trout to electroshock. Pages 151-160. In Applied Environmental Physiology of Fishes 

Symposium Proceedings, Editors: C. Swanson, P. Young and D. MacKinlay. International 

Congress on the Biology of Fishes July 14-18, 1996, San Francisco State University, 

Physiology Section American Fisheries Society. 

Dwyer, W. P., and R. F. Leary. 1995. Broodstock development plan for the fluvial Arctic 

grayling in Montana. Proceedings of the American Fisheries Society Symposium 15:570. 

Dwyer, W. P., C. E. Smith, and B. D. Rosenlund. 1994. Recovery of the greenback cutthroat 

trout, a success story. In Wild Trout V: wild trout in the 21st century, Yellowstone National 

Park. 

Tyus, H., W. P. Dwyer, and S. Whitemore. 1993. Feasibility of preventing further invasion of 

the zebra mussel into the western United States. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 

Erdahl, D. A. 1991. Field guide to broodstock management. U. S. Department of Interior, Fish 

and Wildlife Service, Denver, CO. 247 pp. 

Dwyer, W. P. 1990. Performance comparison of the low head oxygenator and the 24-inch 

sealed column. Proceedings of the Western Division American Fisheries Society Conference, 

Sun Valley, Idaho. 

Cvitanich, J., O. Garate, and C. E. Smith. 1990. Etiological agent in Chilean Coho Disease 

isolated and confirmed by Koch's postulates. Fish Health Section Newsletter, American 

Fisheries Society, Spring, 1990. 

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Colt, J., W. Dwyer, and D. Owsley. 1989. Injecting pure oxygen into sealed columns - mass 

transfer modeling. Proceedings of the Pacific Northwest Fish Culture Conference, Glenden 

Beach, Oregon December 7, 1989. 

Dwyer, W. P., J. Colt, and D. Owsley. 1989. Injecting pure oxygen into sealed columns - 

performance. Proceedings of the Pacific Northwest Fish Culture Conference, Glenden Beach, 

Oregon December 7, 1989. 

Dwyer, W. P. 1989. Sharing a common legacy: presidents address, Western Proceedings 69th 

Annual Conference of Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and the Western 

Division American Fisheries Society, Seattle, Washington. 

Edsall, D. A., and C. E. Smith. 1989. Performance of rainbow trout reared in oxygensupersaturated water. Salmonid magazine, 13(1):15-17. 

Erdahl, D. A. 1989. The effect of handling and/or trauma on green fertilized eggs relative to 

time post fertilization. Proceedings 40th Annual Northwest Fish Culture Conference, Gleneden 

Beach, OR, December 5-7, 1989, p. 95-103. 

Kindschi, G. A., and F. T. Barrows. 1989. Commercial diets studied. Catfish News, 3(8/9):13. 

Ketola, H.G., R. Zitzow, and D. A. Edsall. 1989. Commercial diets for lake trout fry. Salmonid 

magazine, 13(1):12. 

Smith, C. E., D. A. Edsall, R. R. Smith, and G. Raisanen. 1989. Improved diet for rainbow trout 

reared in 68? F. water at the Paige Springs, AZ State Fish Hatchery. Salmonid magazine, Vol. 

13(2):22. 

Smith, C. E. 1987. Bacterial infections and lesions associated with air spawning of rainbow 

trout. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Northwest Fish Culture Conference, Tacoma/Fife, WA, 

December 1-3, 1987. 

Edsall, D. A., G. A. Kindschi, S. H. Severson, and R. A. Phillips. 1986. Semi-moist diets on 

top. Salmonid magazine, 10(2):13-14. 

Hedrick, R. P., M. L. Kent, and C. E. Smith. 1986. Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in 

salmonid fishes. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish Disease Leaflet No.74, Washington, D.C. 

Hedrick, R. P., M. L. Kent, and C. E. Smith. 1986. Proliferative kidney disease-poorly 

understood protozoan to blame. Salmonid magazine, 10(2). 

Dwyer, W. P. 1982. Hatchery and field evaluation of rainbow trout strains. Proceedings of 

Great Plains Fishery Workers Association 31st Annual Workshop, February 8-10, 1982, 

Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. 

Smith, C. E., J. K. Morrison, and H. Ramsey. 1981. Proliferative kidney disease (PKD): first 

outbreak in North America. Fish Health News 10(1):3-5. 

Forstie M. D., H. L. Holloway, Jr., and C. E. Smith. 1978. Myofibrogranuloma in North Dakota 

walleye, (Stizostedion vitreum). Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science 31

(1):44. 

Piper, R. G. 1972. Managing hatcheries by the numbers. American Fishes and U. S. Trout 

News September-October. 

Smith, C. E. 1972. Effects of metabolic products on the quality of rainbow trout. American 

Fisheries and U.S. Trout News 17(3):1-3. 

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Smith, C. E. 1971. Effects of nitrite on the blood and tissues of salmon and trout. Proceedings 

of the 22nd Annual Northwest Fish Culture Conference. 

Piper, R. G. 1970. Know the proper carrying capacities of your farm. American Fishes and U. 

S. Trout News May-June 4-7. 

Smith, C. E. 1970. A preliminary report of the effects of metabolic products on the quality of 

rainbow trout. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Northwest Fish Culture Conference. 

Halver, J. E., L. M. Ashley, and C. E. Smith. 1968. An ascorbic acid deficiency syndrome for 

coho salmon. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Northwest Regional Meeting of the American 

Chemists Society, Abstract No 32. 

Ashley, L. M., J. E. Halver, C. E. Smith, and R. R. Smith. 1967. Ascorbic acid deficiency 

syndromes in coho salmon. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Northwest Fish Culture Conference. 

Brin, M., C. E. Smith, and J. E. Halver. 1967. Tissue transaminase and hematology in 

pyridoxine deficient rainbow trout. Federation of American Societies for Experimental 

Biology. Federation Proceedings, 26:414. 

Halver, J. E., L. M. Ashley, C. E. Smith, and G. N. Wogan. 1967. Early acute aflatoxicosis 

stimulates rainbow trout hepatomagenesis. Society of Toxicology, Atlanta, Georgia, March 23-

25, 1967. 

Smith, C. E., and J. E. Halver. 1967. Folic acid anemia in coho salmon. Proceedings of the 18th 

Annual Northwest Fish Culture Conference. 

Smith, C. E. 1966. Aflatoxicosis in coho salmon and channel catfish. Proceedings of the 17th 

Annual Northwest Fish Culture Conference. 

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