For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, March 12, 2013 USDL-13-0421 

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • NCSinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

(Note: Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data for September 2012 and December 2012 

contained errors in several series and have been corrected in the public database and historical 

listings available on the BLS website. This news release will not be corrected. The primary errors 

are in benefits data for private industry. Some additional series were also corrected. For further 

information see www.bls.gov/eci_corrections_043013.htm.) 

EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION – DECEMBER 2012 

Private industry employers spent an average of $28.89 per hour worked for total employee 

compensation in December 2012, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries 

averaged $20.32 per hour worked and accounted for 70.3 percent of these costs, while benefits averaged 

$8.57 and accounted for the remaining 29.7 percent. Total compensation costs for state and local 

government workers averaged $41.94 per hour worked in December 2012. Total employer 

compensation costs for civilian workers, which include private industry and state and local government 

workers, averaged $30.84 per hour worked in December 2012. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey, 

measures employer costs for wages, salaries, and employee benefits for nonfarm private and state and 

local government workers. 

Cost per hour worked 

Chart 2. Employer costs per hour worked: paid leave and 

legally required benefit costs, full-time, part-time, bargaining 

unit status, private industry, December 2012 

Cost per hour worked 

Chart 1. Employer costs per hour worked: paid leave and 

legally required benefit costs, selected major industry 

groups, private industry, December 2012 
- 2 - 

Paid leave costs in private industry 

Private industry employer costs for paid leave benefits in December 2012 averaged $1.98 per hour 

worked, or 6.9 percent of total compensation. Paid leave benefit costs by major private industry group 

were highest for the information industry at $4.12 per hour, or 8.9 percent of total compensation. Costs 

were lowest for the leisure and hospitality industry at 39 cents, or 3.1 percent of total compensation. 

(See chart 1 and table 6.) Included in this amount were employer costs for vacations, holidays, sick 

leave, and personal leave. Paid leave benefit costs are often directly linked to wages; therefore, higher 

paid occupations or industries will typically show higher estimates for this compensation component. 

Employer costs for paid leave were primarily from vacation, holiday, and sick leave benefits. In 

December 2012, vacation costs averaged $1.03 per hour (3.6 percent of total compensation) while 

holiday costs were 61 cents per hour (2.1 percent) and sick leave costs were 25 cents per hour (0.9 

percent). (See table 5.) 

Paid leave costs varied widely by full-time and part-time status and bargaining unit status. Paid leave 

costs for all full-time workers in private industry were $2.52 per hour worked (7.5 percent of total 

compensation), significantly higher than part-time workers at just 42 cents (2.8 percent). Paid leave 

costs for union workers were $2.82 per hour worked (7.1 percent of total compensation) versus $1.90 

(6.8 percent) for nonunion workers. (See chart 2, and table 5 and 12.) 

For information on paid leave provisions, see National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in the 

United States, March 2012, at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2012/benefits.htm. 

Legally required benefits costs in private industry 

The average cost for legally required benefits was $2.37 per hour worked in private industry (8.2 

percent of total compensation) in December 2012. Social Security comprises the largest legally required 

benefit cost component at $1.36 per hour or 4.7 percent of total compensation. Legally required benefits 

such as Social Security and Medicare can be directly linked to wages; therefore, higher paid occupations 

or industries will typically show higher cost estimates for this compensation component. (See table 5.) 

Costs for other legally required benefits include workers’ compensation, which averaged 41 cents per 

hour worked (1.4 percent of total compensation); Medicare, which averaged 33 cents per hour worked 

(1.2 percent); state unemployment insurance, which averaged 23 cents per hour worked (0.8 percent); 

and federal unemployment insurance, which averaged 3 cents per hour worked (0.1 percent). (See 

table 5.)

Employer costs for legally required benefits varied by major industry group. The average cost per hour 

worked for legally required benefits ranged from $3.45 for construction to $1.34 per hour for the leisure 

and hospitality industry. (See chart 1 and table 6.) Workers’ compensation employer costs for 

construction industry workers were significantly higher than other major industry groups, averaging 

$1.12 per hour worked in December 2012. (See table 6.) 

Legally required benefit costs also varied by full-time versus part-time status and bargaining unit status. 

Legally required benefit costs for full-time workers were $2.62 per hour worked versus $1.65 for parttime workers. Legally required benefit costs were $3.34 for union workers and $2.28 for nonunion 

workers. (See chart 2, and table 5 and 12.) 
- 3 - 

Other benefit categories in private industry

Private industry employer costs averaged $2.36 per hour worked for insurance benefits (life, health, and 

disability insurance), or 8.2 percent of total compensation. In addition to insurance, the other benefit 

categories were: retirement and savings (defined benefit and defined contribution), which averaged 

$1.04 per hour worked (3.6 percent); and supplemental pay (overtime and premium, shift differentials, 

and nonproduction bonuses), which averaged 82 cents per hour (2.8 percent). (See table A and table 5.) 

Table A. Relative importance of employer costs for employee compensation, December 2012

Compensation 

component 

Civilian 

workers 

Private 

industry 

State and local 

government 

Wages and salaries 69.2% 70.3% 65.0% 

Benefits 30.8 29.7 35.0 

 Paid leave 7.0 6.9 7.4 

 Supplemental pay 2.4 2.8 0.8 

 Insurance 8.9 8.2 12.0 

 Health benefits 8.5 7.7 11.6 

 Retirement and savings 4.7 3.6 8.8 

 Defined benefit 2.9 1.5 8.0 

 Defined contribution 1.8 2.1 0.8 

 Legally required 7.8 8.2 6.1 

_____________

The Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for March 2013 is scheduled to be released on 

Wednesday, June 12, 2013, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data on total compensation, wages and salaries, and 

benefits in private industry are produced annually for 15 metropolitan areas. Metropolitan area data will 

be included in the March 2013 news release on June 12, 2013. For further information about 

metropolitan area ECEC estimates see the September 2009 article: “BLS Introduces New Employer 

Costs for Employee Compensation Data for Private Industry Workers in 15 Metropolitan Areas,” at 

http://www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/cm20090921ar01p1.htm. 

Supplemental tables with occupational, establishment size, and bargaining status series for detailed 

industries are available at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuphst.pdf and 

http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuptc25.pdf. 

Relative standard errors for all cost estimates in the most recent news release and supplementary tables 

are available at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ocwc/ect/ececrse.pdf and 

http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuprse.pdf. 

Historical ECEC data are available in three listings, all available at http://www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The 

first historical listing covers data for the March reference periods from 1986 to 2001. These data use the 

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and Census of Population occupational classification systems. 

The second listing contains data for the March, June, September, and December reference periods from 

March 2002 to December 2003. These data are also based on the SIC and Census of Population 

occupational classification systems. The final listing includes data for March 2004 to the current 

reference period. These are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and 

Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) systems. 
- 4 - 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 

Telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

BLS news releases, including the ECEC, are available through an e-mail subscription service at: 

www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

TECHNICAL NOTE 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost to employers for wages 

and salaries and benefits per employee hour worked. 

ECEC includes the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state and local 

government. Excluded from private industry are the self-employed and farm and private household 

workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector. The private industry series 

and the state and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately. 

The cost levels for this quarter were collected from a probability sample of approximately 46,300 

occupations selected from a sample of about 9,300 establishments in private industry and approximately 

9,200 occupations from a sample of about 1,400 establishments in state and local government. 

Comparing private and public sector data

Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels in 

private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities 

and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private 

industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and administrative 

support occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government 

workforce, compared with one-half of private industry. 

ECEC quarterly publication focus

ECEC news releases are published quarterly, providing estimates on civilian, private industry, and state 

and local government cost per hour worked as well as additional detail on a specific compensation cost 

topic of interest. This quarter focuses on paid leave and legally required benefits costs in private 

industry. Topics of news releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows: 

 March 2013—Health benefit costs in private industry 

 June 2013—Retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry 

 September 2013—Compensation costs in state and local government 

ECEC detailed information and measures

For detailed information on the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, see Chapter 8, “National 

Compensation Measures,” of the BLS Handbook of Methods at: 

http://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf. 
Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2012

Compensation

component

Occupational group

All

workers1

Management,

professional,

and

related

Sales

and

office

Service

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $30.84 100.0 $51.03 100.0 $23.11 100.0 $16.62 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 21.35 69.2 35.46 69.5 16.24 70.3 11.81 71.0

Total benefits ........................................................ 9.49 30.8 15.56 30.5 6.88 29.7 4.81 29.0

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.15 7.0 4.10 8.0 1.48 6.4 0.89 5.4

Vacation ........................................................ 1.05 3.4 1.97 3.9 0.73 3.2 0.42 2.5

Holiday .......................................................... 0.65 2.1 1.19 2.3 0.46 2.0 0.28 1.7

Sick ............................................................... 0.33 1.1 0.69 1.4 0.20 0.9 0.15 0.9

Personal ....................................................... 0.12 0.4 0.25 0.5 0.08 0.4 0.05 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.74 2.4 1.22 2.4 0.47 2.0 0.31 1.9

Overtime and premium4 ............................... 0.23 0.8 0.14 0.3 0.14 0.6 0.16 1.0

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.3

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.45 1.5 0.99 1.9 0.31 1.4 0.10 0.6

Insurance .......................................................... 2.76 8.9 4.16 8.1 2.30 10.0 1.39 8.4

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.62 8.5 3.92 7.7 2.21 9.6 1.35 8.1

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.2 0.07 0.1 0.03 0.1 5 ( ) 6 ( )

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.2 0.03 0.1 5 ( ) 6 ( )

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.44 4.7 2.74 5.4 0.79 3.4 0.66 4.0

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.88 2.9 1.64 3.2 0.38 1.7 0.52 3.1

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.56 1.8 1.10 2.2 0.41 1.8 0.14 0.8

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.40 7.8 3.35 6.6 1.83 7.9 1.56 9.4

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.73 5.6 2.76 5.4 1.35 5.8 0.98 5.9

Social Security7 ........................................ 1.38 4.5 2.18 4.3 1.09 4.7 0.78 4.7

Medicare ................................................... 0.35 1.1 0.59 1.1 0.26 1.1 0.19 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.02 6 ( ) 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.2

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.22 0.7 0.20 0.4 0.21 0.9 0.19 1.1

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.43 1.4 0.36 0.7 0.24 1.0 0.36 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.

- 5 -
Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2012 — Continued

Compensation

component

Occupational group Industry group

Natural

resources,

construction,

and

maintenance

Production,

transportation,

and

material

moving

Goodsproducing2Serviceproviding3

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $32.36 100.0 $24.97 100.0 $34.18 100.0 $30.28 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 21.68 67.0 16.54 66.2 22.84 66.8 21.10 69.7

Total benefits ........................................................ 10.68 33.0 8.43 33.8 11.34 33.2 9.17 30.3

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.85 5.7 1.48 5.9 2.25 6.6 2.13 7.0

Vacation ........................................................ 0.93 2.9 0.76 3.1 1.18 3.5 1.02 3.4

Holiday .......................................................... 0.61 1.9 0.49 2.0 0.78 2.3 0.63 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.21 0.6 0.17 0.7 0.20 0.6 0.35 1.2

Personal ....................................................... 0.10 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.13 0.4

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.90 2.8 0.86 3.5 1.34 3.9 0.64 2.1

Overtime and premium4 ............................... 0.62 1.9 0.51 2.1 0.55 1.6 0.18 0.6

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.23 0.7 0.27 1.1 0.70 2.1 0.41 1.3

Insurance .......................................................... 2.96 9.1 2.74 11.0 3.23 9.5 2.68 8.8

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.79 8.6 2.59 10.4 3.05 8.9 2.55 8.4

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.88 5.8 0.94 3.8 1.54 4.5 1.42 4.7

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.36 4.2 0.56 2.2 0.83 2.4 0.89 2.9

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.53 1.6 0.38 1.5 0.71 2.1 0.53 1.8

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.08 9.5 2.41 9.7 2.98 8.7 2.30 7.6

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.83 5.7 1.41 5.6 1.94 5.7 1.69 5.6

Social Security7 ........................................ 1.48 4.6 1.14 4.6 1.56 4.6 1.35 4.4

Medicare ................................................... 0.35 1.1 0.27 1.1 0.38 1.1 0.34 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.27 0.8 0.26 1.0 0.31 0.9 0.20 0.7

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.96 3.0 0.71 2.9 0.71 2.1 0.38 1.2

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding

households and the public sector excluding the Federal government. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The

agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation

and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate

and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;

management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

waste services; educational services; health care and social

assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and

food services; other services, except public administration; and

public administration. 4 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work

schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Less than .05 percent. 7 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance

(OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to

rounding.

- 6 -
Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, December 2012

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

Civilian workers1 ....................................................... $30.84 $21.35 $9.49 $2.15 $0.74 $2.76 $1.44 $2.40

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 51.03 35.46 15.56 4.10 1.22 4.16 2.74 3.35

Management, business, and financial ...... 58.33 40.17 18.16 5.33 2.01 4.19 2.81 3.82

Professional and related ........................... 47.96 33.49 14.47 3.59 0.88 4.14 2.71 3.16

Teachers2 ............................................. 55.08 39.20 15.88 2.74 0.15 5.40 4.43 3.16

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 54.87 38.33 16.54 2.43 0.16 6.27 4.75 2.92

Registered nurses ................................ 48.34 33.92 14.41 3.81 1.40 3.79 1.86 3.55

Sales and office ............................................ 23.11 16.24 6.88 1.48 0.47 2.30 0.79 1.83

Sales and related ...................................... 21.39 15.97 5.43 1.13 0.47 1.52 0.51 1.79

Office and administrative support ............. 24.12 16.39 7.73 1.69 0.47 2.76 0.95 1.86

Service .......................................................... 16.62 11.81 4.81 0.89 0.31 1.39 0.66 1.56

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................... 32.36 21.68 10.68 1.85 0.90 2.96 1.88 3.08

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry3 ........................................... 32.85 21.83 11.02 1.47 0.91 2.93 2.33 3.38

Installation, maintenance, and repair ........ 31.92 21.54 10.38 2.19 0.89 2.99 1.50 2.82

Production, transportation, and material

moving ........................................................ 24.97 16.54 8.43 1.48 0.86 2.74 0.94 2.41

Production ................................................ 25.47 16.78 8.69 1.60 1.08 2.82 0.80 2.38

Transportation and material moving ......... 24.52 16.32 8.20 1.37 0.67 2.66 1.07 2.44

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 35.57 24.77 10.80 2.48 0.43 3.49 1.98 2.42

Educational services ................................. 43.69 30.10 13.59 2.67 0.16 4.82 3.37 2.57

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 43.31 29.60 13.71 2.22 0.16 5.28 3.63 2.41

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 47.37 32.82 14.55 3.81 0.17 4.28 3.35 2.94

Health care and social assistance ............ 29.79 20.97 8.82 2.34 0.63 2.55 0.99 2.31

Hospitals ............................................... 39.87 26.72 13.16 3.48 1.12 4.02 1.73 2.80

Percent of total compensation

Civilian workers1 ....................................................... 100.0 69.2 30.8 7.0 2.4 8.9 4.7 7.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 69.5 30.5 8.0 2.4 8.1 5.4 6.6

Management, business, and financial ...... 100.0 68.9 31.1 9.1 3.5 7.2 4.8 6.5

Professional and related ........................... 100.0 69.8 30.2 7.5 1.8 8.6 5.6 6.6

Teachers2 ............................................. 100.0 71.2 28.8 5.0 0.3 9.8 8.1 5.7

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 100.0 69.9 30.1 4.4 0.3 11.4 8.7 5.3

Registered nurses ................................ 100.0 70.2 29.8 7.9 2.9 7.8 3.9 7.3

Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 70.3 29.7 6.4 2.0 10.0 3.4 7.9

Sales and related ...................................... 100.0 74.6 25.4 5.3 2.2 7.1 2.4 8.4

Office and administrative support ............. 100.0 68.0 32.0 7.0 1.9 11.4 3.9 7.7

Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.0 29.0 5.4 1.9 8.4 4.0 9.4

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................... 100.0 67.0 33.0 5.7 2.8 9.1 5.8 9.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry3 ........................................... 100.0 66.5 33.5 4.5 2.8 8.9 7.1 10.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ........ 100.0 67.5 32.5 6.9 2.8 9.4 4.7 8.8

Production, transportation, and material

moving ........................................................ 100.0 66.2 33.8 5.9 3.5 11.0 3.8 9.7

Production ................................................ 100.0 65.9 34.1 6.3 4.2 11.1 3.2 9.3

Transportation and material moving ......... 100.0 66.5 33.5 5.6 2.7 10.8 4.4 10.0

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 69.6 30.4 7.0 1.2 9.8 5.6 6.8

Educational services ................................. 100.0 68.9 31.1 6.1 0.4 11.0 7.7 5.9

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 100.0 68.3 31.7 5.1 0.4 12.2 8.4 5.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 100.0 69.3 30.7 8.0 0.3 9.0 7.1 6.2

Health care and social assistance ............ 100.0 70.4 29.6 7.9 2.1 8.6 3.3 7.7

Hospitals ............................................... 100.0 67.0 33.0 8.7 2.8 10.1 4.3 7.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding

households and the public sector excluding the Federal government. 2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and

special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors. 3 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with

construction and extraction occupational group as of December

2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to

rounding.

- 7 -
Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local

government workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2012

Compensation

component

Occupational group1 Industry group

All

workers

Management,

professional,

and

related

Sales

and

office

Service Service-providing2

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $41.94 100.0 $51.01 100.0 $28.77 100.0 $31.17 100.0 $41.97 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 27.24 65.0 34.46 67.6 17.45 60.6 18.41 59.1 27.29 65.0

Total benefits ........................................................ 14.70 35.0 16.55 32.4 11.32 39.4 12.76 40.9 14.69 35.0

Paid leave ......................................................... 3.09 7.4 3.43 6.7 2.52 8.8 2.74 8.8 3.09 7.3

Vacation ........................................................ 1.16 2.8 1.15 2.3 1.12 3.9 1.18 3.8 1.15 2.7

Holiday .......................................................... 0.91 2.2 0.97 1.9 0.79 2.8 0.87 2.8 0.91 2.2

Sick ............................................................... 0.80 1.9 1.01 2.0 0.49 1.7 0.56 1.8 0.80 1.9

Personal ....................................................... 0.23 0.5 0.30 0.6 0.12 0.4 0.13 0.4 0.23 0.5

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.34 0.8 0.25 0.5 0.19 0.7 0.57 1.8 0.34 0.8

Overtime and premium3 ............................... 0.18 0.4 0.07 0.1 0.12 0.4 0.39 1.2 0.18 0.4

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.09 0.3 0.04 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.12 0.3 0.14 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.10 0.3 0.12 0.3

Insurance .......................................................... 5.02 12.0 5.55 10.9 4.43 15.4 4.15 13.3 5.02 12.0

Life ................................................................ 0.09 0.2 0.12 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2

Health ........................................................... 4.86 11.6 5.35 10.5 4.33 15.0 4.05 13.0 4.86 11.6

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 3.71 8.8 4.39 8.6 2.33 8.1 3.22 10.3 3.71 8.8

Defined benefit ............................................. 3.37 8.0 3.93 7.7 2.10 7.3 3.03 9.7 3.36 8.0

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.34 0.8 0.45 0.9 0.23 0.8 0.19 0.6 0.34 0.8

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.54 6.1 2.93 5.7 1.84 6.4 2.08 6.7 2.54 6.1

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.91 4.6 2.33 4.6 1.37 4.8 1.34 4.3 1.91 4.6

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.48 3.5 1.79 3.5 1.08 3.8 1.04 3.3 1.48 3.5

Medicare ................................................... 0.44 1.0 0.54 1.1 0.29 1.0 0.30 1.0 0.44 1.0

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( )

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.12 0.3 0.13 0.2 0.11 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.12 0.3

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.51 1.2 0.47 0.9 0.36 1.3 0.62 2.0 0.51 1.2

1 This table presents data for the three major occupational groups in State

and local government: management, professional, and related occupations,

including teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and

service occupations, including police and firefighters. 2 Service-providing industries, which include health and educational

services, employ a large part of the State and local government workforce. 3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule

(such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI)

program. 5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 8 -
Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, December 2012

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

State and local government workers ........................ $41.94 $27.24 $14.70 $3.09 $0.34 $5.02 $3.71 $2.54

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 51.01 34.46 16.55 3.43 0.25 5.55 4.39 2.93

Professional and related ........................... 50.12 34.09 16.03 3.11 0.24 5.53 4.35 2.81

Teachers1 ............................................. 57.45 40.37 17.08 2.80 0.14 5.99 5.04 3.10

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 57.67 40.13 17.55 2.51 0.16 6.69 5.23 2.96

Sales and office ............................................ 28.77 17.45 11.32 2.52 0.19 4.43 2.33 1.84

Office and administrative support ............. 28.96 17.51 11.45 2.56 0.19 4.50 2.36 1.84

Service .......................................................... 31.17 18.41 12.76 2.74 0.57 4.15 3.22 2.08

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 43.95 29.60 14.35 2.77 0.21 5.20 3.68 2.49

Educational services ................................. 44.65 30.26 14.39 2.63 0.16 5.30 3.83 2.47

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 44.17 29.97 14.19 2.26 0.16 5.51 3.86 2.40

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 46.47 31.46 15.01 3.78 0.14 4.53 3.83 2.73

Health care and social assistance ............ 39.54 25.41 14.13 3.68 0.58 4.58 2.70 2.59

Hospitals ............................................... 44.08 28.55 15.53 4.20 0.75 4.92 2.94 2.72

Public administration .................................... 39.90 24.03 15.87 3.77 0.57 4.87 4.00 2.66

Percent of total compensation

State and local government workers ........................ 100.0 65.0 35.0 7.4 0.8 12.0 8.8 6.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 67.6 32.4 6.7 0.5 10.9 8.6 5.7

Professional and related ........................... 100.0 68.0 32.0 6.2 0.5 11.0 8.7 5.6

Teachers1 ............................................. 100.0 70.3 29.7 4.9 0.3 10.4 8.8 5.4

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 100.0 69.6 30.4 4.3 0.3 11.6 9.1 5.1

Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 60.6 39.4 8.8 0.7 15.4 8.1 6.4

Office and administrative support ............. 100.0 60.5 39.5 8.8 0.7 15.5 8.1 6.4

Service .......................................................... 100.0 59.1 40.9 8.8 1.8 13.3 10.3 6.7

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 67.3 32.7 6.3 0.5 11.8 8.4 5.7

Educational services ................................. 100.0 67.8 32.2 5.9 0.3 11.9 8.6 5.5

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 100.0 67.9 32.1 5.1 0.4 12.5 8.7 5.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 100.0 67.7 32.3 8.1 0.3 9.7 8.2 5.9

Health care and social assistance ............ 100.0 64.3 35.7 9.3 1.5 11.6 6.8 6.5

Hospitals ............................................... 100.0 64.8 35.2 9.5 1.7 11.2 6.7 6.2

Public administration .................................... 100.0 60.2 39.8 9.4 1.4 12.2 10.0 6.7

1 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and

special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to

rounding.

- 9 -
Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, December

2012

Compensation

component

Occupational group

All

workers

Management,

professional,

and

related

Sales

and

office

Service

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $28.89 100.0 $51.03 100.0 $22.61 100.0 $14.12 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 20.32 70.3 35.85 70.2 16.13 71.3 10.67 75.6

Total benefits ........................................................ 8.57 29.7 15.18 29.8 6.48 28.7 3.45 24.4

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.98 6.9 4.37 8.6 1.39 6.1 0.58 4.1

Vacation ........................................................ 1.03 3.6 2.29 4.5 0.70 3.1 0.29 2.1

Holiday .......................................................... 0.61 2.1 1.28 2.5 0.44 1.9 0.18 1.3

Sick ............................................................... 0.25 0.9 0.57 1.1 0.18 0.8 0.08 0.5

Personal ....................................................... 0.10 0.4 0.22 0.4 0.08 0.3 0.03 0.2

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.82 2.8 1.59 3.1 0.50 2.2 0.26 1.9

Overtime and premium1 ............................... 0.24 0.8 0.16 0.3 0.14 0.6 0.12 0.9

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.11 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.3

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.51 1.8 1.32 2.6 0.34 1.5 0.10 0.7

Insurance .......................................................... 2.36 8.2 3.62 7.1 2.11 9.3 0.92 6.5

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Health ........................................................... 2.23 7.7 3.36 6.6 2.02 8.9 0.88 6.3

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.04 0.2 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.03 0.1 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.04 3.6 2.10 4.1 0.65 2.9 0.22 1.5

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.44 1.5 0.74 1.5 0.23 1.0 0.09 0.6

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.60 2.1 1.35 2.7 0.42 1.9 0.13 0.9

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.37 8.2 3.52 6.9 1.83 8.1 1.47 10.4

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.69 5.9 2.93 5.7 1.35 6.0 0.91 6.5

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.36 4.7 2.33 4.6 1.09 4.8 0.74 5.2

Medicare ................................................... 0.33 1.2 0.60 1.2 0.26 1.2 0.17 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.3

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.23 0.8 0.24 0.5 0.22 1.0 0.20 1.4

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.41 1.4 0.32 0.6 0.23 1.0 0.31 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.

- 10 -
Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, December

2012 — Continued

Compensation

component

Occupational group Bargaining unit status

Natural

resources,

construction,

and

maintenance

Production,

transportation,

and

material

moving

Union Nonunion

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $32.00 100.0 $24.70 100.0 $39.92 100.0 $27.80 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 21.69 67.8 16.45 66.6 23.85 59.7 19.97 71.8

Total benefits ........................................................ 10.30 32.2 8.25 33.4 16.07 40.3 7.83 28.2

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.71 5.4 1.45 5.9 2.82 7.1 1.90 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 0.87 2.7 0.76 3.1 1.46 3.7 0.98 3.5

Holiday .......................................................... 0.57 1.8 0.48 2.0 0.81 2.0 0.59 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.17 0.5 0.15 0.6 0.40 1.0 0.23 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.10 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.15 0.4 0.10 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.94 2.9 0.88 3.6 1.29 3.2 0.77 2.8

Overtime and premium1 ............................... 0.64 2.0 0.52 2.1 0.74 1.8 0.20 0.7

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.17 0.4 0.05 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.25 0.8 0.28 1.1 0.38 1.0 0.52 1.9

Insurance .......................................................... 2.78 8.7 2.64 10.7 5.51 13.8 2.05 7.4

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.61 8.2 2.49 10.1 5.19 13.0 1.94 7.0

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.09 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.15 0.4 0.04 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.10 0.3 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.73 5.4 0.87 3.5 3.11 7.8 0.83 3.0

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.17 3.7 0.48 1.9 2.32 5.8 0.26 0.9

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.56 1.8 0.40 1.6 0.79 2.0 0.58 2.1

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.14 9.8 2.41 9.8 3.34 8.4 2.28 8.2

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.84 5.8 1.41 5.7 2.08 5.2 1.66 6.0

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.49 4.7 1.14 4.6 1.68 4.2 1.33 4.8

Medicare ................................................... 0.35 1.1 0.27 1.1 0.40 1.0 0.33 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.29 0.9 0.26 1.1 0.32 0.8 0.22 0.8

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.98 3.1 0.71 2.9 0.90 2.3 0.36 1.3

1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular

work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability

Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to

rounding.

- 11 -
Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by major industry group, December 2012

Compensation

component

Goods-producing1 Service-providing2

All goodsproducing1 Construction Manufacturing

All

serviceproviding2

Trade,

transportation,

and

utilities

Information

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $34.14 100.0 $33.82 100.0 $33.52 100.0 $27.83 100.0 $24.31 100.0 $46.30 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 22.85 66.9 23.63 69.9 22.05 65.8 19.81 71.2 17.12 70.4 30.32 65.5

Total benefits ........................................................ 11.29 33.1 10.20 30.1 11.47 34.2 8.02 28.8 7.19 29.6 15.97 34.5

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.23 6.5 1.45 4.3 2.50 7.5 1.93 6.9 1.45 6.0 4.12 8.9

Vacation ........................................................ 1.18 3.4 0.75 2.2 1.32 3.9 1.00 3.6 0.76 3.1 2.13 4.6

Holiday .......................................................... 0.78 2.3 0.53 1.6 0.86 2.6 0.57 2.1 0.43 1.8 1.05 2.3

Sick ............................................................... 0.20 0.6 0.12 0.4 0.23 0.7 0.26 0.9 0.19 0.8 0.50 1.1

Personal ....................................................... 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.09 0.3 0.11 0.4 0.07 0.3 0.44 0.9

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.35 3.9 0.95 2.8 1.44 4.3 0.71 2.5 0.57 2.3 1.50 3.2

Overtime and premium3 ............................... 0.55 1.6 0.60 1.8 0.52 1.5 0.18 0.7 0.25 1.0 0.31 0.7

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.08 0.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 0.12 0.4 0.06 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.71 2.1 0.34 1.0 0.81 2.4 0.47 1.7 0.30 1.2 1.14 2.5

Insurance .......................................................... 3.22 9.4 2.55 7.6 3.48 10.4 2.19 7.9 2.18 9.0 4.45 9.6

Life ................................................................ 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.1

Health ........................................................... 3.03 8.9 2.43 7.2 3.28 9.8 2.06 7.4 2.07 8.5 4.13 8.9

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.19 0.4

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.07 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.51 4.4 1.80 5.3 1.28 3.8 0.94 3.4 0.86 3.5 2.73 5.9

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.79 2.3 1.15 3.4 0.58 1.7 0.37 1.3 0.43 1.8 1.57 3.4

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.72 2.1 0.65 1.9 0.71 2.1 0.57 2.1 0.43 1.8 1.16 2.5

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.98 8.7 3.45 10.2 2.76 8.2 2.25 8.1 2.13 8.8 3.17 6.9

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.94 5.7 1.94 5.7 1.90 5.7 1.65 5.9 1.42 5.8 2.61 5.6

Social Security6 ........................................ 1.56 4.6 1.56 4.6 1.53 4.6 1.32 4.7 1.14 4.7 2.09 4.5

Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.1 0.38 1.1 0.37 1.1 0.33 1.2 0.28 1.1 0.52 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.31 0.9 0.37 1.1 0.29 0.9 0.22 0.8 0.21 0.9 0.24 0.5

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.71 2.1 1.12 3.3 0.54 1.6 0.35 1.3 0.47 1.9 0.30 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.

- 12 -
Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

Private industry workers, by major industry group, December 2012 — Continued

Compensation

component

Service-providing2

Financial activities

Professional

and

business

services

Education

and

health

services

Leisure

and

hospitality

Other services

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $40.39 100.0 $34.83 100.0 $30.51 100.0 $12.33 100.0 $24.71 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 27.16 67.2 25.15 72.2 21.85 71.6 9.74 79.0 17.90 72.4

Total benefits ........................................................ 13.23 32.8 9.68 27.8 8.66 28.4 2.59 21.0 6.81 27.6

Paid leave ......................................................... 3.39 8.4 2.61 7.5 2.30 7.5 0.39 3.1 1.47 6.0

Vacation ........................................................ 1.73 4.3 1.35 3.9 1.16 3.8 0.21 1.7 0.71 2.9

Holiday .......................................................... 1.00 2.5 0.82 2.3 0.66 2.2 0.12 0.9 0.49 2.0

Sick ............................................................... 0.48 1.2 0.32 0.9 0.34 1.1 0.04 0.3 0.20 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.18 0.4 0.13 0.4 0.15 0.5 0.02 0.1 0.07 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 2.11 5.2 0.87 2.5 0.57 1.9 0.15 1.2 0.39 1.6

Overtime and premium3 ............................... 0.14 0.4 0.16 0.5 0.20 0.7 0.07 0.6 0.11 0.5

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.02 5 ( ) 0.02 0.1 0.20 0.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 5 ( )

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 1.95 4.8 0.68 2.0 0.17 0.5 0.07 0.6 0.27 1.1

Insurance .......................................................... 3.43 8.5 2.39 6.8 2.46 8.1 0.58 4.7 1.81 7.3

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.03 0.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 0.03 0.1

Health ........................................................... 3.21 7.9 2.22 6.4 2.34 7.7 0.56 4.5 1.73 7.0

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.11 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 0.02 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 0.02 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.61 4.0 1.13 3.2 0.96 3.1 0.13 1.1 0.96 3.9

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.48 1.2 0.40 1.1 0.27 0.9 0.05 0.4 0.53 2.1

Defined contribution ...................................... 1.14 2.8 0.73 2.1 0.69 2.2 0.09 0.7 0.43 1.7

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.69 6.7 2.69 7.7 2.37 7.8 1.34 10.8 2.19 8.8

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.24 5.5 2.06 5.9 1.82 6.0 0.84 6.8 1.49 6.0

Social Security6 ........................................ 1.77 4.4 1.65 4.7 1.46 4.8 0.68 5.5 1.20 4.9

Medicare ................................................... 0.47 1.2 0.41 1.2 0.36 1.2 0.16 1.3 0.29 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.3 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.22 0.6 0.26 0.7 0.19 0.6 0.20 1.7 0.29 1.2

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.20 0.5 0.33 1.0 0.34 1.1 0.25 2.0 0.38 1.5

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture,

forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and

warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of

companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,

entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and

other services, except public administration.

3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work

schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5 Less than .05 percent. 6 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI)

program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 13 -
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

Private industry workers, by census region and division, December 2012

Compensation

component

Census region and division1

Northeast Northeast divisions South South divisions

Cost Percent

New England Middle Atlantic

Cost Percent

South Atlantic

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $33.10 100.0 $34.77 100.0 $32.51 100.0 $26.37 100.0 $26.80 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 22.85 69.0 24.29 69.9 22.34 68.7 18.90 71.7 19.33 72.1

Total benefits ........................................................ 10.25 31.0 10.48 30.1 10.17 31.3 7.47 28.3 7.47 27.9

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.47 7.5 2.53 7.3 2.45 7.5 1.74 6.6 1.82 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 1.24 3.7 1.29 3.7 1.22 3.7 0.89 3.4 0.94 3.5

Holiday .......................................................... 0.74 2.2 0.78 2.3 0.73 2.2 0.55 2.1 0.56 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.33 1.0 0.31 0.9 0.34 1.0 0.21 0.8 0.22 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.16 0.5 0.14 0.4 0.16 0.5 0.09 0.3 0.09 0.4

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.03 3.1 0.95 2.7 1.06 3.2 0.78 3.0 0.67 2.5

Overtime and premium2 ............................... 0.23 0.7 0.24 0.7 0.23 0.7 0.27 1.0 0.23 0.8

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.07 0.2 0.09 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.72 2.2 0.62 1.8 0.76 2.3 0.45 1.7 0.39 1.5

Insurance .......................................................... 2.81 8.5 2.85 8.2 2.80 8.6 2.01 7.6 2.00 7.5

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.63 7.9 2.67 7.7 2.61 8.0 1.89 7.2 1.88 7.0

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.09 0.3 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.24 3.7 1.38 4.0 1.19 3.7 0.84 3.2 0.84 3.1

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.53 1.6 0.59 1.7 0.52 1.6 0.32 1.2 0.30 1.1

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.70 2.1 0.79 2.3 0.67 2.1 0.52 2.0 0.54 2.0

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.70 8.2 2.77 8.0 2.68 8.2 2.11 8.0 2.14 8.0

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.90 5.7 2.01 5.8 1.86 5.7 1.59 6.0 1.61 6.0

Social Security3 ........................................ 1.52 4.6 1.61 4.6 1.48 4.6 1.28 4.8 1.30 4.8

Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.2 0.40 1.1 0.38 1.2 0.31 1.2 0.32 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.32 1.0 0.33 0.9 0.32 1.0 0.16 0.6 0.17 0.6

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.45 1.4 0.40 1.2 0.47 1.4 0.33 1.2 0.32 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

- 14 -
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

Private industry workers, by census region and division, December 2012 — Continued

Compensation

component

Census region and division1

South divisions Midwest Midwest divisions

East South

Central

West South

Central Cost Percent

East North Central West North

Central

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $24.37 100.0 $26.49 100.0 $27.77 100.0 $28.06 100.0 $27.15 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 17.20 70.6 18.87 71.3 19.30 69.5 19.32 68.9 19.24 70.9

Total benefits ........................................................ 7.17 29.4 7.62 28.7 8.47 30.5 8.74 31.1 7.91 29.1

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.55 6.4 1.69 6.4 1.85 6.7 1.86 6.6 1.83 6.7

Vacation ........................................................ 0.79 3.2 0.85 3.2 0.99 3.6 0.99 3.5 0.98 3.6

Holiday .......................................................... 0.51 2.1 0.55 2.1 0.57 2.1 0.57 2.0 0.57 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.18 0.8 0.21 0.8 0.20 0.7 0.19 0.7 0.21 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.08 0.3 0.09 0.3 0.09 0.3 0.10 0.4 0.08 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.75 3.1 0.97 3.7 0.75 2.7 0.83 2.9 0.58 2.1

Overtime and premium2 ............................... 0.30 1.2 0.33 1.3 0.24 0.9 0.26 0.9 0.20 0.7

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.07 0.3 0.08 0.3 0.05 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.39 1.6 0.58 2.2 0.43 1.6 0.48 1.7 0.33 1.2

Insurance .......................................................... 2.06 8.5 2.01 7.6 2.53 9.1 2.63 9.4 2.32 8.6

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 1.93 7.9 1.90 7.2 2.39 8.6 2.48 8.9 2.19 8.1

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 0.80 3.3 0.85 3.2 1.06 3.8 1.10 3.9 0.98 3.6

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.36 1.5 0.33 1.2 0.49 1.8 0.55 2.0 0.36 1.3

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.43 1.8 0.53 2.0 0.57 2.0 0.54 1.9 0.62 2.3

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.01 8.2 2.09 7.9 2.29 8.3 2.33 8.3 2.20 8.1

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.47 6.0 1.59 6.0 1.62 5.8 1.63 5.8 1.59 5.9

Social Security3 ........................................ 1.19 4.9 1.28 4.8 1.30 4.7 1.31 4.7 1.28 4.7

Medicare ................................................... 0.28 1.2 0.31 1.2 0.32 1.1 0.32 1.1 0.31 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.15 0.6 0.16 0.6 0.25 0.9 0.26 0.9 0.22 0.8

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.36 1.5 0.32 1.2 0.39 1.4 0.40 1.4 0.36 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

- 15 -
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a

percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by census region and division,

December 2012 — Continued

Compensation

component

Census region and division1

West West divisions

Cost Percent

Mountain Pacific

Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $30.29 100.0 $27.35 100.0 $31.63 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 21.40 70.6 19.55 71.5 22.24 70.3

Total benefits ........................................................ 8.89 29.4 7.80 28.5 9.39 29.7

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.07 6.8 1.89 6.9 2.16 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 1.09 3.6 1.03 3.8 1.12 3.5

Holiday .......................................................... 0.62 2.0 0.52 1.9 0.66 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.28 0.9 0.24 0.9 0.30 0.9

Personal ....................................................... 0.08 0.3 0.10 0.4 0.08 0.2

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.76 2.5 0.73 2.7 0.77 2.4

Overtime and premium2 ............................... 0.21 0.7 0.21 0.8 0.22 0.7

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.50 1.6 0.48 1.8 0.50 1.6

Insurance .......................................................... 2.33 7.7 1.96 7.2 2.50 7.9

Life ................................................................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.22 7.3 1.86 6.8 2.38 7.5

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.15 3.8 1.02 3.7 1.21 3.8

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.50 1.7 0.32 1.2 0.58 1.8

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.65 2.1 0.70 2.5 0.63 2.0

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.58 8.5 2.21 8.1 2.76 8.7

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.77 5.8 1.60 5.8 1.84 5.8

Social Security3 ........................................ 1.41 4.7 1.28 4.7 1.48 4.7

Medicare ................................................... 0.35 1.2 0.32 1.2 0.36 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.25 0.8 0.19 0.7 0.28 0.9

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.53 1.8 0.39 1.4 0.60 1.9

1 The States that comprise the census divisions

are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and

Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,

and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District

of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia;

East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi,

and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas,

Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central:

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin;

West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,

Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South

Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,

Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming;

and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and

Washington. 2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the

regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends,

and holidays). 3 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and

Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal

totals due to rounding.

- 16 -
Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by establishment employment size, December 2012

Compensation

component

1-99 workers 100 workers or more

1-99 workers 1-49 workers 50-99 workers 100 workers or

more 100-499 workers 500 workers ormore

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $23.78 100.0 $22.94 100.0 $26.53 100.0 $34.85 100.0 $29.27 100.0 $42.84 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 17.60 74.0 17.17 74.8 19.03 71.7 23.49 67.4 20.27 69.2 28.10 65.6

Total benefits ........................................................ 6.18 26.0 5.77 25.2 7.51 28.3 11.36 32.6 9.00 30.8 14.74 34.4

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.37 5.8 1.26 5.5 1.75 6.6 2.70 7.7 2.06 7.0 3.60 8.4

Vacation ........................................................ 0.70 2.9 0.63 2.8 0.91 3.4 1.41 4.0 1.07 3.7 1.89 4.4

Holiday .......................................................... 0.44 1.9 0.42 1.8 0.54 2.0 0.80 2.3 0.63 2.2 1.04 2.4

Sick ............................................................... 0.16 0.7 0.15 0.7 0.20 0.7 0.35 1.0 0.25 0.8 0.49 1.1

Personal ....................................................... 0.07 0.3 0.06 0.3 0.10 0.4 0.14 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.18 0.4

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.50 2.1 0.45 1.9 0.65 2.5 1.19 3.4 0.75 2.6 1.81 4.2

Overtime and premium1 ............................... 0.17 0.7 0.15 0.7 0.24 0.9 0.33 0.9 0.29 1.0 0.38 0.9

Shift differentials ........................................... 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 0.03 0.1 0.12 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.20 0.5

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.31 1.3 0.29 1.2 0.38 1.4 0.75 2.1 0.41 1.4 1.23 2.9

Insurance .......................................................... 1.60 6.7 1.48 6.4 2.01 7.6 3.25 9.3 2.69 9.2 4.04 9.4

Life ................................................................ 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.1

Health ........................................................... 1.52 6.4 1.41 6.1 1.90 7.2 3.05 8.7 2.54 8.7 3.78 8.8

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.10 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.10 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 0.58 2.4 0.51 2.2 0.82 3.1 1.57 4.5 1.12 3.8 2.21 5.2

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.21 0.9 0.19 0.8 0.29 1.1 0.71 2.0 0.47 1.6 1.05 2.4

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.37 1.6 0.32 1.4 0.53 2.0 0.86 2.5 0.65 2.2 1.17 2.7

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.13 8.9 2.08 9.1 2.27 8.6 2.66 7.6 2.37 8.1 3.07 7.2

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.45 6.1 1.41 6.2 1.58 5.9 1.98 5.7 1.69 5.8 2.39 5.6

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.17 4.9 1.14 5.0 1.26 4.8 1.58 4.5 1.36 4.6 1.91 4.4

Medicare ................................................... 0.28 1.2 0.28 1.2 0.31 1.2 0.39 1.1 0.33 1.1 0.48 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.23 1.0 0.23 1.0 0.24 0.9 0.24 0.7 0.24 0.8 0.23 0.5

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.40 1.7 0.40 1.7 0.42 1.6 0.42 1.2 0.42 1.4 0.43 1.0

1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such

as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent.

4 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 17 -
Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private

industry workers, goods-producing and service-providing industries, by occupational group, December 2012

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All workers in private industry .................................................... $28.89 $20.32 $8.57 $1.98 $0.82 $2.36 $1.04 $2.37

Management, professional, and related ............................. 51.03 35.85 15.18 4.37 1.59 3.62 2.10 3.52

Management, business, and financial ............................ 58.72 40.77 17.95 5.34 2.30 3.94 2.51 3.86

Professional and related ................................................. 46.86 33.18 13.68 3.84 1.21 3.44 1.87 3.33

Sales and office .................................................................. 22.61 16.13 6.48 1.39 0.50 2.11 0.65 1.83

Sales and related ............................................................ 21.36 15.96 5.39 1.12 0.48 1.51 0.50 1.79

Office and administrative support ................................... 23.44 16.24 7.20 1.56 0.51 2.51 0.75 1.87

Service ................................................................................ 14.12 10.67 3.45 0.58 0.26 0.92 0.22 1.47

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 32.00 21.69 10.30 1.71 0.94 2.78 1.73 3.14

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 32.61 21.98 10.63 1.28 0.96 2.74 2.17 3.48

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 31.47 21.45 10.02 2.08 0.92 2.81 1.36 2.85

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 24.70 16.45 8.25 1.45 0.88 2.64 0.87 2.41

Production ...................................................................... 25.27 16.69 8.58 1.58 1.08 2.79 0.77 2.37

Transportation and material moving ............................... 24.15 16.22 7.93 1.32 0.68 2.50 0.97 2.46

All workers, goods-producing industries2 ......................... 34.14 22.85 11.29 2.23 1.35 3.22 1.51 2.98

Management, professional, and related ............................. 61.06 41.53 19.53 5.33 2.61 4.45 3.00 4.14

Sales and office .................................................................. 27.12 19.00 8.11 1.76 0.68 2.66 0.73 2.27

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 32.94 22.10 10.84 1.39 1.07 2.90 2.04 3.44

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 26.37 17.13 9.24 1.64 1.19 3.08 0.85 2.48

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 27.83 19.81 8.02 1.93 0.71 2.19 0.94 2.25

Management, professional, and related ............................. 49.69 35.09 14.60 4.24 1.45 3.50 1.98 3.43

Sales and office .................................................................. 22.27 15.91 6.36 1.36 0.48 2.07 0.64 1.80

Service ................................................................................ 14.05 10.64 3.42 0.57 0.26 0.90 0.21 1.47

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 30.96 21.25 9.71 2.07 0.78 2.65 1.40 2.81

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 23.31 15.88 7.43 1.29 0.62 2.28 0.89 2.36

Percent of total compensation

All workers in private industry .................................................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 6.9 2.8 8.2 3.6 8.2

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 70.2 29.8 8.6 3.1 7.1 4.1 6.9

Management, business, and financial ............................ 100.0 69.4 30.6 9.1 3.9 6.7 4.3 6.6

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 70.8 29.2 8.2 2.6 7.3 4.0 7.1

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 71.3 28.7 6.1 2.2 9.3 2.9 8.1

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 74.8 25.2 5.2 2.2 7.1 2.3 8.4

Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 69.3 30.7 6.7 2.2 10.7 3.2 8.0

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 75.6 24.4 4.1 1.9 6.5 1.5 10.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 67.8 32.2 5.4 2.9 8.7 5.4 9.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 100.0 67.4 32.6 3.9 2.9 8.4 6.7 10.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 100.0 68.2 31.8 6.6 2.9 8.9 4.3 9.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 66.6 33.4 5.9 3.6 10.7 3.5 9.8

Production ...................................................................... 100.0 66.0 34.0 6.2 4.3 11.0 3.0 9.4

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 67.2 32.8 5.5 2.8 10.4 4.0 10.2

All workers, goods-producing industries2 ......................... 100.0 66.9 33.1 6.5 3.9 9.4 4.4 8.7

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 68.0 32.0 8.7 4.3 7.3 4.9 6.8

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 70.1 29.9 6.5 2.5 9.8 2.7 8.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 67.1 32.9 4.2 3.3 8.8 6.2 10.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 65.0 35.0 6.2 4.5 11.7 3.2 9.4

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 100.0 71.2 28.8 6.9 2.5 7.9 3.4 8.1

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 70.6 29.4 8.5 2.9 7.1 4.0 6.9

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 71.5 28.5 6.1 2.2 9.3 2.9 8.1

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 75.7 24.3 4.1 1.9 6.4 1.5 10.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 68.6 31.4 6.7 2.5 8.5 4.5 9.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 68.1 31.9 5.5 2.6 9.8 3.8 10.1

1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with

construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture,

forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and

warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and

leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies

and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; 

health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation;

accommodation and food services; and other services, except public

administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 18 -
Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private

industry workers, by industry group, December 2012

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ......................... $34.14 $22.85 $11.29 $2.23 $1.35 $3.22 $1.51 $2.98

Construction ....................................................................... 33.82 23.63 10.20 1.45 0.95 2.55 1.80 3.45

Manufacturing ..................................................................... 33.52 22.05 11.47 2.50 1.44 3.48 1.28 2.76

Aircraft manufacturing2 ................................................... 65.63 40.41 25.21 6.02 3.55 6.48 4.98 4.18

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 27.83 19.81 8.02 1.93 0.71 2.19 0.94 2.25

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................................... 24.31 17.12 7.19 1.45 0.57 2.18 0.86 2.13

Wholesale trade .............................................................. 31.45 22.13 9.31 2.19 0.93 2.64 0.97 2.59

Retail trade ..................................................................... 17.64 13.22 4.42 0.79 0.26 1.38 0.37 1.62

Transportation and warehousing .................................... 35.06 22.64 12.41 2.45 1.01 4.04 1.73 3.18

Utilities ............................................................................ 59.26 35.79 23.47 5.06 2.27 5.49 6.66 3.99

Information .......................................................................... 46.30 30.32 15.97 4.12 1.50 4.45 2.73 3.17

Financial activities .............................................................. 40.39 27.16 13.23 3.39 2.11 3.43 1.61 2.69

Finance and insurance ................................................... 43.79 29.09 14.71 3.81 2.50 3.75 1.88 2.77

Credit intermediation and related activities ................. 37.49 25.27 12.22 3.29 1.55 3.36 1.56 2.46

Insurance carriers and related activities ..................... 41.66 27.85 13.81 3.67 1.50 3.91 1.95 2.78

Real estate and rental and leasing ................................. 28.86 20.62 8.24 1.96 0.81 2.36 0.70 2.43

Professional and business services ................................... 34.83 25.15 9.68 2.61 0.87 2.39 1.13 2.69

Professional and technical services ............................... 44.70 32.16 12.54 3.77 1.05 3.03 1.52 3.17

Administrative and waste services ................................. 22.10 16.60 5.50 1.13 0.45 1.40 0.46 2.06

Education and health services ............................................ 30.51 21.85 8.66 2.30 0.57 2.46 0.96 2.37

Educational services ....................................................... 40.26 29.55 10.72 2.82 0.18 3.08 1.72 2.91

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ................. 48.91 35.16 13.75 3.85 0.21 3.85 2.52 3.32

Health care and social assistance .................................. 28.85 20.54 8.31 2.21 0.63 2.35 0.83 2.28

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................ 12.33 9.74 2.59 0.39 0.15 0.58 0.13 1.34

Accommodation and food services ................................. 11.37 9.06 2.30 0.30 0.13 0.50 0.11 1.27

Other services .................................................................... 24.71 17.90 6.81 1.47 0.39 1.81 0.96 2.19

Percent of total compensation

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ......................... 100.0 66.9 33.1 6.5 3.9 9.4 4.4 8.7

Construction ....................................................................... 100.0 69.9 30.1 4.3 2.8 7.6 5.3 10.2

Manufacturing ..................................................................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 7.5 4.3 10.4 3.8 8.2

Aircraft manufacturing2 ................................................... 100.0 61.6 38.4 9.2 5.4 9.9 7.6 6.4

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 100.0 71.2 28.8 6.9 2.5 7.9 3.4 8.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................................... 100.0 70.4 29.6 6.0 2.3 9.0 3.5 8.8

Wholesale trade .............................................................. 100.0 70.4 29.6 7.0 3.0 8.4 3.1 8.2

Retail trade ..................................................................... 100.0 74.9 25.1 4.5 1.5 7.8 2.1 9.2

Transportation and warehousing .................................... 100.0 64.6 35.4 7.0 2.9 11.5 4.9 9.1

Utilities ............................................................................ 100.0 60.4 39.6 8.5 3.8 9.3 11.2 6.7

Information .......................................................................... 100.0 65.5 34.5 8.9 3.2 9.6 5.9 6.9

Financial activities .............................................................. 100.0 67.2 32.8 8.4 5.2 8.5 4.0 6.7

Finance and insurance ................................................... 100.0 66.4 33.6 8.7 5.7 8.6 4.3 6.3

Credit intermediation and related activities ................. 100.0 67.4 32.6 8.8 4.1 9.0 4.2 6.6

Insurance carriers and related activities ..................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 8.8 3.6 9.4 4.7 6.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................................. 100.0 71.4 28.6 6.8 2.8 8.2 2.4 8.4

Professional and business services ................................... 100.0 72.2 27.8 7.5 2.5 6.8 3.2 7.7

Professional and technical services ............................... 100.0 71.9 28.1 8.4 2.4 6.8 3.4 7.1

Administrative and waste services ................................. 100.0 75.1 24.9 5.1 2.0 6.3 2.1 9.3

Education and health services ............................................ 100.0 71.6 28.4 7.5 1.9 8.1 3.1 7.8

Educational services ....................................................... 100.0 73.4 26.6 7.0 0.4 7.7 4.3 7.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ................. 100.0 71.9 28.1 7.9 0.4 7.9 5.1 6.8

Health care and social assistance .................................. 100.0 71.2 28.8 7.7 2.2 8.2 2.9 7.9

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................ 100.0 79.0 21.0 3.1 1.2 4.7 1.1 10.8

Accommodation and food services ................................. 100.0 79.7 20.3 2.6 1.1 4.4 0.9 11.2

Other services .................................................................... 100.0 72.4 27.6 6.0 1.6 7.3 3.9 8.8

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture,

forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Data are available beginning with December 2006. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and

warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and

leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies

and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; 

health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation;

accommodation and food services; and other services, except public

administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 19 -
Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private

industry workers, by occupational group and full-time and part-time status, December 2012

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All full-time workers in private industry ................................. $33.63 $23.22 $10.41 $2.52 $1.03 $2.92 $1.31 $2.62

Management, professional, and related ............................. 53.29 37.05 16.24 4.74 1.73 3.91 2.28 3.58

Management, business, and financial ............................ 59.32 41.09 18.24 5.43 2.35 4.02 2.56 3.88

Professional and related ................................................. 49.49 34.51 14.98 4.30 1.34 3.83 2.11 3.40

Sales and office .................................................................. 26.44 18.43 8.01 1.84 0.66 2.67 0.83 2.01

Sales and related ............................................................ 28.48 20.81 7.67 1.81 0.77 2.17 0.76 2.16

Office and administrative support ................................... 25.46 17.30 8.17 1.85 0.61 2.90 0.87 1.94

Service ................................................................................ 16.97 12.16 4.81 0.96 0.41 1.50 0.35 1.59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 32.79 22.14 10.65 1.79 0.98 2.90 1.81 3.17

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 33.32 22.40 10.92 1.33 1.00 2.84 2.24 3.52

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 32.33 21.92 10.41 2.18 0.96 2.95 1.44 2.88

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 26.54 17.57 8.97 1.65 1.00 2.85 0.95 2.51

Production ...................................................................... 25.96 17.04 8.92 1.66 1.14 2.91 0.81 2.40

Transportation and material moving ............................... 27.24 18.21 9.03 1.64 0.83 2.77 1.13 2.65

All part-time workers in private industry ................................ 15.22 11.95 3.26 0.42 0.19 0.76 0.25 1.65

Management, professional, and related ............................. 33.85 26.70 7.15 1.52 0.56 1.40 0.67 3.01

Professional and related ................................................. 33.50 26.42 7.08 1.48 0.55 1.42 0.64 2.99

Sales and office .................................................................. 13.58 10.70 2.88 0.33 0.11 0.80 0.22 1.42

Sales and related ............................................................ 11.95 9.56 2.39 0.22 0.09 0.63 0.16 1.30

Office and administrative support ................................... 15.81 12.25 3.56 0.49 0.14 1.03 0.30 1.60

Service ................................................................................ 11.26 9.18 2.08 0.20 0.12 0.33 0.09 1.35

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 15.90 11.09 4.81 0.46 0.29 1.66 0.47 1.94

Transportation and material moving ............................... 16.01 10.96 5.05 0.48 0.29 1.80 0.54 1.95

Percent of total compensation

All full-time workers in private industry ................................. 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.5 3.1 8.7 3.9 7.8

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 69.5 30.5 8.9 3.2 7.3 4.3 6.7

Management, business, and financial ............................ 100.0 69.3 30.7 9.2 4.0 6.8 4.3 6.5

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 69.7 30.3 8.7 2.7 7.7 4.3 6.9

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 69.7 30.3 6.9 2.5 10.1 3.2 7.6

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 73.1 26.9 6.3 2.7 7.6 2.7 7.6

Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 67.9 32.1 7.3 2.4 11.4 3.4 7.6

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 71.6 28.4 5.7 2.4 8.9 2.0 9.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 67.5 32.5 5.4 3.0 8.8 5.5 9.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 100.0 67.2 32.8 4.0 3.0 8.5 6.7 10.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 100.0 67.8 32.2 6.7 3.0 9.1 4.5 8.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 66.2 33.8 6.2 3.8 10.7 3.6 9.5

Production ...................................................................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 6.4 4.4 11.2 3.1 9.3

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 66.9 33.1 6.0 3.0 10.2 4.2 9.7

All part-time workers in private industry ................................ 100.0 78.6 21.4 2.8 1.2 5.0 1.6 10.8

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 78.9 21.1 4.5 1.6 4.1 2.0 8.9

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 78.9 21.1 4.4 1.6 4.2 1.9 8.9

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 78.8 21.2 2.4 0.8 5.9 1.6 10.5

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 80.0 20.0 1.8 0.7 5.3 1.3 10.9

Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 77.5 22.5 3.1 0.9 6.5 1.9 10.1

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 81.5 18.5 1.7 1.0 2.9 0.8 12.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 69.7 30.3 2.9 1.8 10.4 2.9 12.2

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 3.0 1.8 11.2 3.3 12.2

1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with

construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 20 -
Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry workers, by industry group and full-time and part-time status, December 2012

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All full-time workers in private industry ........... $33.63 $23.22 $10.41 $2.52 $1.03 $2.92 $1.31 $2.62

Goods-producing1 ............................................ 34.70 23.16 11.54 2.30 1.38 3.31 1.55 3.00

Construction ................................................. 34.42 23.99 10.43 1.50 0.98 2.65 1.84 3.46

Manufacturing ............................................... 34.05 22.34 11.72 2.57 1.47 3.57 1.32 2.79

Service-providing2 ............................................ 33.33 23.24 10.10 2.59 0.94 2.81 1.25 2.52

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 29.72 20.58 9.14 2.03 0.79 2.72 1.15 2.46

Information .................................................... 49.27 32.12 17.15 4.43 1.63 4.79 2.97 3.34

Financial activities ........................................ 42.34 28.37 13.97 3.60 2.27 3.61 1.72 2.78

Professional and business services ............. 38.84 27.71 11.13 3.12 1.01 2.77 1.35 2.87

Education and health services ...................... 32.92 23.04 9.88 2.75 0.62 2.96 1.14 2.41

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 16.18 12.11 4.07 0.80 0.30 1.17 0.27 1.53

Other services .............................................. 28.79 20.12 8.67 2.05 0.54 2.48 1.25 2.35

All part-time workers in private industry .......... 15.22 11.95 3.26 0.42 0.19 0.76 0.25 1.65

Service-providing2 ............................................ 15.10 11.88 3.22 0.42 0.18 0.76 0.24 1.63

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 14.04 10.56 3.48 0.35 0.15 1.15 0.32 1.51

Professional and business services ............. 16.90 13.68 3.22 0.34 0.22 0.65 0.13 1.88

Education and health services ...................... 23.82 18.55 5.27 1.06 0.41 1.07 0.45 2.28

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 9.53 8.01 1.51 0.09 0.04 0.15 0.04 1.20

Percent of total compensation

All full-time workers in private industry ........... 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.5 3.1 8.7 3.9 7.8

Goods-producing1 ............................................ 100.0 66.7 33.3 6.6 4.0 9.5 4.5 8.7

Construction ................................................. 100.0 69.7 30.3 4.4 2.8 7.7 5.4 10.1

Manufacturing ............................................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 7.5 4.3 10.5 3.9 8.2

Service-providing2 ............................................ 100.0 69.7 30.3 7.8 2.8 8.4 3.7 7.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 100.0 69.2 30.8 6.8 2.6 9.1 3.9 8.3

Information .................................................... 100.0 65.2 34.8 9.0 3.3 9.7 6.0 6.8

Financial activities ........................................ 100.0 67.0 33.0 8.5 5.4 8.5 4.1 6.6

Professional and business services ............. 100.0 71.4 28.6 8.0 2.6 7.1 3.5 7.4

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 70.0 30.0 8.3 1.9 9.0 3.5 7.3

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 100.0 74.8 25.2 5.0 1.9 7.2 1.7 9.4

Other services .............................................. 100.0 69.9 30.1 7.1 1.9 8.6 4.3 8.2

All part-time workers in private industry .......... 100.0 78.6 21.4 2.8 1.2 5.0 1.6 10.8

Service-providing2 ............................................ 100.0 78.7 21.3 2.8 1.2 5.0 1.6 10.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 100.0 75.2 24.8 2.5 1.1 8.2 2.3 10.8

Professional and business services ............. 100.0 80.9 19.1 2.0 1.3 3.8 0.8 11.1

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 77.9 22.1 4.5 1.7 4.5 1.9 9.6

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 100.0 84.1 15.9 0.9 0.4 1.6 0.4 12.6

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The

agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation

and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate

and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;

management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

waste services; educational services; health care and social

assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and

food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to

rounding.

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Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry workers, by major industry group and establishment employment size and

bargaining unit status, December 2012

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ... $34.14 $22.85 $11.29 $2.23 $1.35 $3.22 $1.51 $2.98

1-99 workers ..................................................... 29.01 20.60 8.41 1.51 0.84 2.25 0.94 2.87

1-49 workers ................................................. 27.44 19.72 7.72 1.31 0.75 1.98 0.85 2.83

50-99 workers ............................................... 33.12 22.89 10.23 2.04 1.06 2.94 1.19 3.00

100 workers or more ......................................... 38.48 24.75 13.73 2.84 1.78 4.04 1.99 3.08

100-499 workers ........................................... 33.01 21.80 11.20 2.17 1.16 3.59 1.42 2.86

500 workers or more ..................................... 46.12 28.87 17.25 3.78 2.64 4.66 2.78 3.39

Union ................................................................ 41.38 24.34 17.03 2.34 1.71 5.66 3.66 3.66

Nonunion .......................................................... 32.52 22.51 10.01 2.21 1.26 2.67 1.03 2.83

All workers, service-providing industries2 .. 27.83 19.81 8.02 1.93 0.71 2.19 0.94 2.25

1-99 workers ..................................................... 22.91 17.10 5.80 1.35 0.44 1.50 0.52 2.00

1-49 workers ................................................. 22.23 16.77 5.47 1.25 0.40 1.40 0.45 1.96

50-99 workers ............................................... 25.20 18.24 6.95 1.69 0.57 1.82 0.75 2.12

100 workers or more ......................................... 33.96 23.18 10.78 2.66 1.04 3.05 1.47 2.56

100-499 workers ........................................... 28.37 19.90 8.47 2.03 0.66 2.47 1.05 2.25

500 workers or more ..................................... 42.02 27.91 14.11 3.56 1.60 3.89 2.07 3.00

Union ................................................................ 39.17 23.60 15.58 3.07 1.07 5.44 2.82 3.17

Nonunion .......................................................... 26.96 19.52 7.44 1.85 0.68 1.94 0.80 2.18

Percent of total compensation

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ... 100.0 66.9 33.1 6.5 3.9 9.4 4.4 8.7

1-99 workers ..................................................... 100.0 71.0 29.0 5.2 2.9 7.7 3.3 9.9

1-49 workers ................................................. 100.0 71.9 28.1 4.8 2.7 7.2 3.1 10.3

50-99 workers ............................................... 100.0 69.1 30.9 6.2 3.2 8.9 3.6 9.1

100 workers or more ......................................... 100.0 64.3 35.7 7.4 4.6 10.5 5.2 8.0

100-499 workers ........................................... 100.0 66.1 33.9 6.6 3.5 10.9 4.3 8.7

500 workers or more ..................................... 100.0 62.6 37.4 8.2 5.7 10.1 6.0 7.3

Union ................................................................ 100.0 58.8 41.2 5.6 4.1 13.7 8.9 8.8

Nonunion .......................................................... 100.0 69.2 30.8 6.8 3.9 8.2 3.2 8.7

All workers, service-providing industries2 .. 100.0 71.2 28.8 6.9 2.5 7.9 3.4 8.1

1-99 workers ..................................................... 100.0 74.7 25.3 5.9 1.9 6.5 2.3 8.7

1-49 workers ................................................. 100.0 75.4 24.6 5.6 1.8 6.3 2.0 8.8

50-99 workers ............................................... 100.0 72.4 27.6 6.7 2.3 7.2 3.0 8.4

100 workers or more ......................................... 100.0 68.3 31.7 7.8 3.1 9.0 4.3 7.5

100-499 workers ........................................... 100.0 70.1 29.9 7.2 2.3 8.7 3.7 7.9

500 workers or more ..................................... 100.0 66.4 33.6 8.5 3.8 9.2 4.9 7.1

Union ................................................................ 100.0 60.2 39.8 7.8 2.7 13.9 7.2 8.1

Nonunion .......................................................... 100.0 72.4 27.6 6.8 2.5 7.2 3.0 8.1

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The

agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation

and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate

and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;

management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

waste services; educational services; health care and social

assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and

food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to

rounding.

- 22 -
Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry health care and social assistance workers, by industry and occupational group,

December 2012

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

Health care and social assistance .................... $28.85 $20.54 $8.31 $2.21 $0.63 $2.35 $0.83 $2.28

Management, professional, and related ....... 41.71 29.59 12.12 3.54 0.93 3.22 1.40 3.03

Registered nurses .................................... 47.69 33.55 14.14 3.81 1.49 3.66 1.64 3.55

Sales and office ............................................ 22.33 15.82 6.50 1.56 0.32 2.29 0.55 1.78

Service .......................................................... 16.81 12.14 4.67 0.95 0.42 1.38 0.29 1.62

Hospitals ......................................................... 39.03 26.35 12.68 3.33 1.19 3.84 1.49 2.82

Management, professional, and related ....... 47.86 32.84 15.02 4.21 1.46 4.11 1.85 3.39

Registered nurses .................................... 50.17 34.36 15.81 4.25 1.78 4.19 1.96 3.62

Service .......................................................... 21.69 13.71 7.97 1.56 0.80 3.11 0.75 1.76

Nursing and residential care facilities .......... 20.37 14.78 5.59 1.33 0.40 1.67 0.28 1.91

Management, professional, and related ....... 31.07 22.87 8.20 2.24 0.57 2.26 0.51 2.64

Service .......................................................... 15.45 11.07 4.38 0.90 0.35 1.38 0.18 1.57

Nursing care facilities1 .............................. 21.73 15.80 5.92 1.41 0.47 1.75 0.28 2.01

Management, professional, and related ....... 33.34 24.81 8.53 2.30 0.65 2.21 0.50 2.87

Service .......................................................... 16.02 11.40 4.62 0.95 0.41 1.49 0.17 1.60

Percent of total compensation

Health care and social assistance .................... 100.0 71.2 28.8 7.7 2.2 8.2 2.9 7.9

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 70.9 29.1 8.5 2.2 7.7 3.4 7.3

Registered nurses .................................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 8.0 3.1 7.7 3.4 7.4

Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 70.9 29.1 7.0 1.4 10.2 2.5 8.0

Service .......................................................... 100.0 72.2 27.8 5.7 2.5 8.2 1.7 9.6

Hospitals ......................................................... 100.0 67.5 32.5 8.5 3.1 9.8 3.8 7.2

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 68.6 31.4 8.8 3.1 8.6 3.9 7.1

Registered nurses .................................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 8.5 3.5 8.4 3.9 7.2

Service .......................................................... 100.0 63.2 36.8 7.2 3.7 14.3 3.4 8.1

Nursing and residential care facilities .......... 100.0 72.6 27.4 6.5 2.0 8.2 1.4 9.4

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 73.6 26.4 7.2 1.8 7.3 1.6 8.5

Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.7 28.3 5.8 2.2 8.9 1.2 10.2

Nursing care facilities1 .............................. 100.0 72.7 27.3 6.5 2.2 8.0 1.3 9.3

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 74.4 25.6 6.9 2.0 6.6 1.5 8.6

Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.2 28.8 6.0 2.5 9.3 1.1 10.0

1 Data are available beginning with December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 23 -