An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute 

controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance 

with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.

NO. COA13-740

NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS

Filed: 7 January 2014

DIANNE BETHEA, 

 Employee/Plaintiff,

v. From N.C. Industrial Commission

I.C. No. 381629

US AIRWAYS, INC.,

 Employer,

and

INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE 

STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA,

 Carrier, Defendants.

Appeal by defendant from Opinion and Award entered 14 March 

2013 by the North Carolina Industrial Commission. Heard in the 

Court of Appeals 20 November 2013.

THE SUMWALT LAW FIRM, by Vernon Sumwalt, for plaintiff. 

BROOKS, STEVENS & POPE, P.A., by Frances M. Clement and 

Daniel C. Pope, Jr., for defendant. 

Elmore, Judge.

US Airways, Inc. (defendant) appeals from the North 

Carolina Industrial Commission’s (the Commission) Opinion and 

Award requiring defendant to pay disability compensation to 
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Dianne Bethea (plaintiff) in the amount of $111.17. After 

careful review, the Opinion and Award of the Commission is 

affirmed. 

I. Facts

On 12 October 2003, plaintiff sustained a neck injury 

during the course of her employment as a flight attendant for 

defendant. Plaintiff underwent cervical fusion surgery and did 

not return to work until 28 September 2006. Plaintiff received 

workers’ compensation and social security disability benefits 

for three years while she was out of work. After plaintiff 

resumed employment, she returned to work earning her pre-injury 

average weekly wage. On 7 July 2010, the Commission approved a 

Form 26A for a 21.5 percent permanent partial disability rating 

to plaintiff’s neck. 

After the Form 26A was approved, symptoms related to her 

neck injury intensified and included daily headaches resulting 

in nausea and blurred vision, decreased range of motion of her 

cervical spine, numbness, increased ostephyte (bone spur), and 

pain in her right arm. As a result, plaintiff worked fewer 

hours. Moreover, plaintiff was unable to work on 6 and 7 March 

2011 due to her headaches. She did not receive workers’ 

compensation for those days, but instead the missed time “came 
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out of [her] sick time” or “personal care leave[.]” On 6 June 

2011, plaintiff filed an Amended Form 18 alleging a change of 

condition pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 97-47. After a hearing 

on the matter, Deputy Commissioner Philip A. Baddour, III, filed 

an Opinion and Award on 15 August 2012 in favor of defendant. 

Plaintiff appealed to the Commission on 17 August 2012. 

Thereafter, the Commission filed an Opinion and Award on 14 

March 2013 for plaintiff, concluding that she demonstrated a 

change of condition from the permanent partial disability award 

approved on 7 July 2010. Defendant filed timely notice of 

appeal on 9 April 2013 to this Court.

II. Analysis

Defendant argues that the Commission erred in concluding 

that plaintiff proved a change of condition under the Workers’

Compensation Act. We disagree. 

Review of an Opinion and Award of the Commission “is 

limited to consideration of whether competent evidence supports

the Commission’s findings of fact and whether the findings 

support the Commission’s conclusions of law. This ‘court’s duty 

goes no further than to determine whether the record contains 

any evidence tending to support the finding.’” Richardson v. 

Maxim Healthcare/Allegis Grp., 362 N.C. 657, 660, 669 S.E.2d 
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582, 584 (2008) (citation omitted) (quoting Anderson v. Lincoln 

Constr. Co., 265 N.C. 431, 434, 144 S.E.2d 272, 274 (1965)). 

Upon review of the Commission’s finding as to a claimant’s 

disability, “we are required to determine whether the record 

contains any [competent] evidence tending to support the 

finding.” Davis v. Hospice & Palliative Care of Winston-Salem, 

202 N.C. App. 660, 670, 692 S.E.2d 631, 638 (2010) (citation and 

internal quotation marks omitted). However, whether the facts 

presented establish a change of condition is a question of law 

subject to de novo review. West v. J. P. Stevens Co., 12 N.C. 

App. 456, 460, 183 S.E.2d 876, 879 (1971) (citation omitted). 

Upon the motion of an interested party claiming a change of 

condition, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 97-47 allows the Commission to 

“review any award, and on such review may make an award ending, 

diminishing, or increasing the compensation previously 

awarded[.]” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 97-47 (2011). A change of 

condition “refers to conditions different from those existent 

when the award was made[.]” Weaver v. Swedish Imports Maint., 

Inc., 319 N.C. 243, 247-48, 354 S.E.2d 477, 480 (1987) (citation 

and internal quotation marks omitted). The moving party must 

show that “a new condition exists and that it is causally 

related to the injury upon which the award is based.” 
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Shingleton v. Kobacker Grp., 148 N.C. App. 667, 670, 559 S.E.2d 

277, 280 (2002) (citation and quotation omitted).

The primary factor in determining whether a change of 

condition has occurred is whether the alleged change of 

condition affects the employee’s “physical capacity to earn 

wages[.]” Grantham v. R. G. Barry Corp., 127 N.C. App. 529, 

534, 491 S.E.2d 678, 681 (1997) (citation and quotation omitted) 

(emphasis in original). A change of condition can be a change 

in any one of the following: 1.) “the claimant’s physical 

condition that impacts his earning capacity,” 2.) “the 

claimant’s earning capacity even though claimant’s physical 

condition remains unchanged,” or 3.) “the degree of disability 

even though claimant’s physical condition remains unchanged.” 

Blair v. Am. Television & Commc'ns Corp., 124 N.C. App. 420, 

423, 477 S.E.2d 190, 192 (1996) (citations omitted). Thus, 

under prong one delineated in Blair, an impact on earning 

capacity is necessary in addition to a change in physical 

condition to establish a change of condition under the law. 

Under prong three, disability is defined as the “impairment of 

the injured employee’s earning capacity and not physical 

disablement.” Campos-Brizuela v. Rocha Masonry, L.L.C., ___ 

N.C. App. ___, ___, 716 S.E.2d 427, 436 (2011) appeal dismissed,
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review denied, 366 N.C. 398, 732 S.E.2d 579 (2012) (citation and 

quotation omitted). A claimant can show increased disability 

(decreased earning capacity) by “the production of medical 

evidence that he is physically or mentally, as a consequence of 

the work related injury, incapable of work in any employment[.]” 

Russell v. Lowes Prod. Distribution, 108 N.C. App. 762, 765, 425 

S.E.2d 454, 457 (1993) (internal citation omitted). 

Here, the Commission concluded that plaintiff demonstrated 

a change of condition based solely on a “(1) a physical change 

in her injury-related condition and (2) a change in disability.” 

Even though the Commission found two separate grounds for 

concluding that a change of condition occurred, only one is 

necessary under the law. See Blair, supra. The language in (1) 

is insufficient as a matter of law to support a change of 

condition because it does not take into account how plaintiff’s 

physical change impacted her earning capacity. 

However, the Commission’s determination of a change in 

disability supports its conclusion that plaintiff had a change 

of condition. In order to conclude whether a change in 

disability occurred from the Commission’s permanent partial 

disability award on 7 July 2010, we must first determine 

whether plaintiff was disabled on 6 and 7 March 2011. 
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Plaintiff sought to establish disability (decreased earning 

capacity) through “the production of medical evidence that [s]he 

[was] physically or mentally, as a consequence of the work 

related injury, incapable of work in any employment[.]” Id. 

Although plaintiff experienced some headaches before 7 July 

2010, the “intensity and frequency” of those headaches had 

“changed for the worse” since that date. It is undisputed that 

plaintiff “call[ed] in sick” and did not attend work on 6 and 7 

March 2011. Dr. Bruce Jaufmann testified that on 13 May 2011, 

he met with plaintiff and documented “headaches . . . in her 

occipital area” related to her original neck injury. Dr. 

Jaufmann filled out an FMLA form indicating that plaintiff’s

“condition [will] result in intermittent flare ups [that will] 

require time off from work[.]” Plaintiff told Dr. Jaufmann 

that “she called out sick on several occasions because of the 

bad headaches.” During another appointment on 22 August 2011, 

Dr. Jaufmann noted that “over the previous six months, 

[plaintiff] only missed work once or twice due to her neck pain 

and her headaches.” Thus, there is competent evidence that 

plaintiff was unable to earn wages and work due to her 

compensable injury-related headaches on 6 and 7 March 2011. 

Accordingly, the Commission did not err in finding that 
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plaintiff was temporarily and “totally disabled from her 

cervical injury and its consequences” on those days. See 

Shingleton, 148 N.C. App. at 673, 559 S.E.2d at 282 (reemphasizing that in “proving an inability to work in any 

employment due to a physical or mental condition in the context 

of asserting a substantial change in condition, a plaintiff must 

produce medical evidence that she is no longer capable of any 

employment”).

The Commission’s award of temporary total disability is a 

change from the permanent partial disability award on 7 July 

2010. Such a change in disability is sufficient to support a 

change of condition under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 97-47. See Weaver, 

319 N.C. at 248-49, 354 S.E.2d at 481 (finding a change of 

condition where “claimant’s condition changed from temporary 

total disability . . . to total and permanent disability[.]”); 

see also Hubbard v. Burlington Indus., 76 N.C. App. 313, 316, 

332 S.E.2d 746, 748 (1985)(“When [the Commission] finds on one 

occasion that a person is permanently partially disabled and on 

a later occasion finds based on additional evidence that the 

person is totally disabled this supports a finding of a change 

in condition.”). 

III. Conclusion
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In sum, the Commission did not err in concluding that 

plaintiff proved a change of condition under the Workers’

Compensation Act. Thus, we affirm the Commission’s Opinion and 

Award of temporary total disability benefits to plaintiff for 6 

and 7 March 2011. 

Affirmed. 

Judges MCCULLOUGH and DAVIS concur.

Report per Rule 30(e).