AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS

AU Press publishes books, monographs, and occasional papers, and provides publishing support to the US Air Force’s professional journal––the Air

and Space Power Journal, which is printed in English, Portuguese, and

Spanish. Our publications program is designed primarily to help Air Force

and other US war fighters, national leaders and policy makers, academicians,

military historians, and other analysts understand and apply air and space

power in peacetime and conflict. These publications are the result of unique

research by military authors and civilian scholars.

AU Press publications form a significant body of literature that fosters the

development of improved understanding about the nature of airpower, warfare,

and national security. Most of the studies are not duplicated in academe or any

of the other senior service schools. The publications program of Air University

is crucial to the exchange of ideas within the Air Force and the Department of

Defense and to the cross flow of critical thinking between the military and civilian communities. The views expressed in these publications are those of the

authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of

Defense or the United States government.

AU Press publications are available free of charge to Department of Defense

personnel and organizations and to active/retired military. Others may purchase our products directly from AU Press. Discounts are available on bulk

purchases and to booksellers. For more information, see “Ordering Publications”

on page v.

AU Press is continually adding new titles to publications available in electronic form as PDF files. These files are available for viewing online or downloading at http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil.

MARCH 2003

Air University Press

131 West Shumacher Avenue

Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6615

http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil
AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS

Comments below have been extracted from previous Air University Press reader

surveys.*

The spectrum of topics is great! Keep up the good work!!!

AUP [Air University Press] quality of writing is exceptional.

Appears to be good subject selection, good research,

good writing. AUP is a major asset.

I read everything you send me; please keep it up.

Thank you for the many informative volumes you have provided

over the past quarter century. They have kept me informed on

historical as well as current issues to an extent

I would otherwise have missed.

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that I teach on military strategy.

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catalog and drop it in the mailbox. Please check “yes” or “no” to the question, 

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Ordering Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Invitation to Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Air University Press Books . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CADRE Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Fairchild Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Research Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

SAASS Theses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Title Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Air University Press Order Form . . . . . . . 55

Air University Press Survey Form . . . . . . . 57

TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii
v

ORDERING PUBLICATIONS

Obtaining Free Publications. AU Press publications are available free of charge to Department

of Defense personnel and organizations and to active and retired military. If you are eligible for

free publications and have computer access, please order directly from our Web site http://

aupress.maxwell.af.mil. If you do not have access to a computer, you may order by calling

(334) 953-2773/6136, DSN 493-2773/6136, or you may submit the tear-out order form on

page 55 either by mail or by fax (334) 953-6862, DSN 493-6862. When ordering use the appropriate catalog reference numbers (e.g., B-5, P-15, R-9, T-1).

Purchasing Publications. If you are purchasing our publications, you may order by calling

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weeks within the United States and approximately six weeks for APO/AEO addresses.

Accessing Electronic Files. For your convenience, most AU Press publications are available

electronically at our Web site http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil.
INVITATION TO AUTHORS

Air University Press’s goal is to become the nation’s premier nonprofit publisher of works on air

and space power. Towards this end, we invite authors to submit manuscripts on topics related to

• airpower doctrine and strategy,

• the nature and future of airpower’s role in warfare and peace,

• the history of airpower,

• case studies of the employment of airpower at all levels of conflict,

• aircraft and weapons systems,

• space applications, or

• airpower personalities, pioneers, theorists, leaders, and commanders.

AU Press publishes books, monographs, and occasional papers, and provides publishing support to the US Air Force’s professional journal, the Air and Space Power Journal. Our publication program is designed to help war fighters, national leaders and policy makers, scholars, military historians, and other analysts understand how air and space power may be applied in

peacetime and conflict.

The Air University Publication Review Board, consisting of key civilian and military faculty members and administrators, selects manuscripts for publication based on quality and validity of

research, contribution to the understanding of airpower, and value to Air Force people and decision makers. Other works on significant issues relating to national security are occasionally

accepted as budgetary considerations permit. As a government agency, the press is unable to

remunerate authors or copyright its publications.

To submit a manuscript or to inquire about AU Press policies and procedures, contact the

Acquisitions Editor

Air University Press

AUL/LPB

131 West Shumacher Avenue

Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6615

(334) 953-6203 or DSN 493-6203

If you are interested in submitting a manuscript, you should request a copy of the Air University

Style Guide and the Air University Press Author’s Guide. Both can be downloaded from the AU

Press home page http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil. We request that a floppy or zip disk, preferably in Microsoft Word 7.0, accompany the manuscript.

vii
Cover, Aerospace Power Journal, Portuguese edition, Air University Press, Fall 2002.
Inside the Cold War:

A Cold Warrior’s Reflections

Chris Adams

Maj Gen Chris Adams, USAF, retired, reflects on his experiences

in the cold war, during which he served in both manned bombers

and missile silos. He tells stories of famous and not-so-famous

cold warriors, including some from the US Navy. Some stories are

humorous; some stories are tragic. Having traveled extensively in

Russia and some former Soviet Union states after retirement,

General Adams tells us about his former adversaries, the Soviet

cold warriors. In the process, he leaves no doubt about his respect

for all who served so valiantly in the “Strategic Triad”––the

Strategic Command, the intercontinental ballistic missile force,

and the Submarine Navy.

1999. 195 pages. Public release.

B-72 ISBN 1-58566-068-X $14.00

Future War: An Assessment of

Aerospace Campaigns in 2010

Jeffery R. Barnett

Colonel Barnett compares the next 15 years to the 15 years

between World Wars I and II. He concludes that the changes

between the two world wars may be dwarfed by those occurring

within the next decade and a half. He envisions possible wars with

niche competitors and peer competitors, giving theoretical scenarios of each. Colonel Barnett views communications technology

and stealth technology as keys to victory in future war.

1996. 196 pages. Public release.

B-5 ISBN 1-58566-004-3 $12.00

They Served Here: Thirty-Three Maxwell Men

Jeffrey C. Benton

Colonel Benton provides a glimpse of the history of Maxwell Air

Force Base by highlighting the careers of 33 airmen who served at

the base at some point in their military careers. Some of the individuals portrayed were pioneers in the development of airpower

and provided military leadership from World War II to the present.

Others such as Glenn Miller, Clark Gable, and Bill Stribling were

notable for their accomplishments in other fields. The stories told

here highlight the critical, close interrelationships between the

military and local society.

1999. 89 pages. Public release.

B-71 ISBN 1-58566-074-4 $7.50

1

These are major works on air and space power topics of broad interest and lasting importance throughout the Air Force and Department of Defense. They are

listed here alphabetically by author; however, author and title indexes make finding any publication easy. For a list of books available electronically, go to our

Web site at http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil.

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS BOOKS
The Role of Airpower in the Iran-Iraq War

Ronald E. Bergquist 

This book examines the air war between Iran and Iraq. Rather

than simply describing what happened in the war, it attempts to

discern why Iran and Iraq used their airpower as they did. It

shows how the combatants value airpower, what aspects of airpower appear most important to Iranian and Iraqi national leaders, and how their values and needs led them to use airpower in

ways quite apart from Western professional expectations. The

results highlight considerations that affect the use of airpower by

third world nations. 

1988. 108 pages. Public release.

B-25 ISBN 1-58566-023-X $3.75

Conflict, Culture, and History:

Regional Dimensions

Stephen J. Blank et al.

Five specialists examine the historical relationship of culture and

conflict in various regional societies. The authors use Adda B.

Bozeman’s theories on conflict and culture as the basis for their

analyses of the causes, nature, and conduct of war and conflict in

the Soviet Union, the Middle East, Sinic Asia (China, Japan, and

Vietnam), Latin America, and Africa. Drs. Blank, Lawrence

Grinter, Karl P. Magyar, Lewis B. Ware, and Bynum E. Weathers

conclude that non-Western cultures and societies do not reject

war but look at violence and conflict as a normal and legitimate

aspect of sociopolitical behavior.

1992. 370 pages. Public release.

B-45 ISBN 1-58566-043-4 $17.00

Setting the Context: Suppression of

Enemy Air Defenses and Joint War

Fighting in an Uncertain World

James R. Brungess

Colonel Brungess proposes using joint suppression of enemy air

defenses (JSEAD) to address the problem of reduced SEAD

resources available to individual services. He contends that the

demise of the Soviet Union presents the perfect transitional period

for SEAD planners to create new approaches to countering the

information-based integrated air defense system nets. He looks at

the foundations and evolution of SEAD, identifies pertinent variables, and shows how they have changed. Colonel Brungess concludes that fiscal reality demands that the services forge joint

SEAD tactics and doctrine.

1994. 244 pages. Public release.

B-54 ISBN 1-58566-051-5 $15.00

2

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Kenneth N. Walker:

Airpower’s Untempered Crusader

Martha Byrd

This biography of Brig Gen Kenneth N. Walker provides an indepth look at the career of one of airpower’s pioneer thinkers.

Martha Byrd traces Walker’s emergence from one of the early converts to airpower to his role as a key player in the formation of

strategic bombardment doctrine. Her look at his performance in

the Southwest Pacific theater during World War II gives us a deep

insight into Walker’s place in history as an innovator in the

employment of airpower. Byrd not only highlights Walker’s accomplishments but also provides a look at his often stormy relationships with fellow officers and in his personal life.

1997. 242 pages. Public release.

B-22 ISBN 1-58566-020-5 $15.00

Aerospace Power in the Twenty-First Century:

A Basic Primer

Clayton K. S. Chun

In Aerospace Power in the Twenty-First Century: A Basic Primer, Dr.

Clayton K. S. Chun exposes readers to relevant aerospace capabilities, theories, uses, elements of operational planning, and key

issues. After introducing basic definitions and concepts, Dr. Chun

uses case studies of both successful and unsuccessful applications of aerospace power to illustrate its functions and abilities.

Designed primarily for readers new to the subject, Aerospace

Power in the Twenty-First Century also serves as a useful source

of information about the strengths and weaknesses of air and air

space forces.

2001. 356 pages. Public release.

B-80 ISBN 1-58566-091-4 $29.00

Airhead Operations—Where AMC Delivers:

The Linchpin of Rapid Force Projection

John L. Cirafici

Colonel Cirafici reviews airhead activity in contingencies during

World War II and in Operations Urgent Fury, Just Cause, Desert

Shield/Storm and Restore Hope. He examines the newly activated

Air Mobility Command (AMC) structure within the theater and discusses the Somali civil war to illustrate how airhead’s air mobility

forces fit into the overall scheme of force deployment, reassembly,

employment, and sustainment. Colonel Cirafici identifies some

problems and needed improvements and recommends that AMC

look beyond past successes and provide greater effort toward

training and exercises to promote jointness at all operational levels.

1995. 109 pages. Public release.

B-60 ISBN 1-58566-057-4 $6.50

3

BOOKS
Architects of American Air Supremacy:

Gen Hap Arnold and

Dr. Theodore von Kármán

Dik A. Daso

Major Daso tells the story of the founding of the scientific and

technological base of today’s US Air Force. He explains how Henry

H. “Hap” Arnold and Theodore von Kármán ensured that theoretical science rather than empiricism grew to dominate Air Force

research and development infrastructure. This story shows how

personalities drive actions, institutions reflect personalities, and

the interaction of these factors influenced, and continue to mold,

the evolution of American air supremacy.

1997. 487 pages. Public release.

B-44 ISBN 1-58566-042-6 $28.00

Professional Military Education for Air Force

Officers: Comments and Criticisms

Richard L. Davis

Frank P. Donnini

This book surveys the many evaluations made between 1946 and

1987 of the Air University’s attempts to provide effective professional military education (PME) for US Air Force officers. Colonels

Davis and Donnini discuss the purpose of PME from a USAF perspective and trace the evolution of Air Force PME and the curricula of the AU schools. The authors also offer observations about

the education of officers, particularly with regard to commentary

that has gradually evolved and may be styled a “doctrine” of PME.

1991. 136 pages. Public release.

B-41 ISBN 1-58566-039-6 $9.00

The Air Force Role in Low-Intensity Conflict

David J. Dean

Colonel Dean examines the increasing importance of third world

countries in global affairs. Their vital natural resources and

geostrategic locations make them the object of intense competition

between the superpowers and a ripe target for a new category of

conflict. Because of the high probability of US involvement in third

world conflicts, we must adapt our resources to acquire the flexibility demanded by low-intensity conflict.

1986. 143 pages. Public release.

B-16 ISBN 1-58566-014-0 $4.00

4

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Beyond the Paths of Heaven:

The Emergence of Space Power Thought

Bruce M. DeBlois, editor

Major issues have plagued the US military space community for

years. Foremost among these issues is the relationship between

air and space. This work is a comprehensive examination of space

power. Military space-lift vehicle requirements, space architectures,

and ground support infrastructure are major issues. Graduate

students at the then School of Advanced Airpower Studies

researched and discussed a variety of these issues and their

efforts are brought together here as a collection of master’s degree

research theses. The significance of this book lies in the synergism

of the contributions. Although each of the articles reflects varying,

well-documented, independent perspectives with both strengths

and weaknesses, in total, the articles give a mature summary of

the best available military thought regarding space power. The

first three papers examine space organization, doctrine, and

architecture. The rest are loosely grouped as predominantly sanctuary/survivability, space control, or high-ground perspectives.

1999. 572 pages. Public release.

B-70 ISBN 1-58566-067-1 $40.00

ANZUS in Revision: Changing Defense Features

of Australia and New Zealand in the Mid-1980s

Frank P. Donnini

Colonel Donnini provides analysis and commentary on the demise

of the ANZUS (Australia, New Zealand, and the United States)

alliance and on shifts in Australian and New Zealand defense features. He addresses many questions and issues dealing with

changing the political situation and the impact of those changes

on defense and security conditions in the South and Southwest

Pacific regions.

1991. 219 pages. Public release.

B-39 ISBN 1-58566-037-X $14.00

Making Strategy: An Introduction to National

Security Processes and Problems

Dennis M. Drew

Donald M. Snow

The authors analyze the evolution of strategy and the process by

which strategy is devised. This book is descriptive rather than

prescriptive in nature. In contrast to authors who offer advice and

counsel concerning how to make strategy decisions, Dr. Snow and

Colonel Drew concentrate on what decisions military and political

leaders must make. The authors examine the various military and

political factors that influence those decisions.

1988. 229 pages. Public release.

B-23 ISBN 1-58566-021-3 $10.00

5

BOOKS
The Eagle’s Talons:

The American Experience at War

Dennis M. Drew

Donald M. Snow

This volume surveys the American experience in war with emphasis on the complex interactions between political and military

affairs. Colonel Drew and Dr. Snow provide a key to understanding how and why the United States might employ its military

power in the future.

1988. 445 pages. Public release.

B-27 ISBN 1-58566-025-6 $16.00

Science and Technology: The Making

of the Air Force Research Laboratory

Robert W. Duffner

Robert W. Duffner’s Science and Technology: The Making of the Air

Force Research Laboratory addresses the far-reaching implications of science and technology by recounting the events that led

to the creation of a single Air Force laboratory. This engaging story

of how the Air Force moved from 13 separate labs to one consolidated lab reflects that service’s determination to reinvigorate its

science and technology infrastructure and thereby strengthen the

nation’s defense for the twenty-first century. Part one considers

why the Air Force decided to consolidate its far-flung science and

technology enterprise into one lab, while part two relates how the

service implemented the new lab. Dr. Duffner offers a unique perspective on a watershed event in the life of the United States Air

Force.

2000. 328 pages. Public release.

B-77 ISBN 1-58566-085-X $27.00

The Development of Military

Night Aviation to 1919

William Edward Fischer Jr.

Major Fischer examines the development of military night aviation

from its origins through the First World War. Emphasis is on the

evolution of night flying in those countries that fought on the

Western Front, namely France, Germany, Great Britain, and the

United States. While night flying occurred in other theaters, the

most intense air effort was clearly in the west. There, belligerents

pressed aviation technology and tactics to the limit. To illustrate

the rapid development of night military aviation during the First

World War, the author surveys the state of night flying prior to

August 1914. The author concludes that the Western Front belligerents failed to appreciate and conserve the lessons of night flying learned during the First World War.

1998. 172 pages. Public release. 

B-66 ISBN 1-58566-064-7 $11.00

6

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine: Basic Thinking in the

United States Air Force, 1907–1960, Volume I

Robert Frank Futrell

In this first of a two-volume study, Dr. Futrell presents a chronological survey of the development of Air Force doctrine and thinking from the beginnings of powered flight to the onset of the space

age. He outlines the struggle of early aviation enthusiasts to gain

acceptance of the airplane as a weapon and win combat-arm status for the Army Air Service (later the Army Air Corps and Army

Air Force). He surveys the development of airpower doctrine during the 1930s and World War II and outlines the emergence of the

autonomous US Air Force in the postwar period. Futrell brings

this first volume to a close with discussions of the changes in Air

Force thinking and doctrine necessitated by the emergence of the

intercontinental missile, the beginnings of space exploration and

weapon systems, and the growing threat of limited conflicts resulting from the Communist challenge of wars of liberation.

1989. 683 pages. Public release.

B-31 ISBN 1-58566-029-9 $31.00

Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine: Basic Thinking in the

United States Air Force, 1961–1984, Volume II

Robert Frank Futrell

In this volume, the author traces the new directions that Air Force

strategy, policies, and thinking took during the Kennedy administration, the Vietnam War, and the post-Vietnam period. Futrell

outlines how the Air Force struggled with President Kennedy’s

redefinition of national security policy and Robert S. McNamara’s

managerial style as secretary of defense. He describes how the Air

Force argued that airpower should be used during the war in

Southeast Asia. He chronicles the evolution of doctrine and organization regarding strategic, tactical, and airlift capabilities and

the impact that the aerospace environment and technology had on

Air Force thinking and doctrine.

1989. 803 pages. Public release.

B-32 ISBN 1-58566-030-2 $37.00

The Air War in Southeast Asia:

Case Studies of Selected Campaigns

Herman L. Gilster

The author subjects five case studies of interdiction, close air support, and strategic bombardment to rigid analysis. Dr. Gilster

shows the relationship between the strike effort and target damage of several air campaigns during the Vietnam War.

1993. 152 pages. Public release.

B-52 ISBN 1-58566-049-3 $8.50

7

BOOKS
AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS

Sharing Success––Owning Failure: Preparing to

Command in the Twenty-First Century Air Force

David L. Goldfein

In Sharing Success––Owning Failure, Colonel Goldfein discusses several themes central to a successful command tour. He expresses

ideas and puts forth questions to spark your imagination as you

begin preparing for the task ahead of you––squadron commander.

He shares stories from other squadron commanders that include

both success and failure. Because, as Colonel Goldfein states, “it is

from studying our failures that we learn, grow, and improve as officers and leaders.” In the Foreword, Maj Gen Charles D. Link, USAF,

retired, says “this book is a must-read, not only for those selected to

command a squadron but for all our young officers.”

2001. 130 pages. Public release.

B-81 ISBN 1-58566-098-1 $8.50

Psychological Operations:

Principles and Case Studies

Frank L. Goldstein and Benjamin F. Findley Jr.

This volume comprises 25 independent essays on military psychological operations. These essays are arranged in four sections:

(1) Nature and Scope; (2) Policy and Planning; (3) Strategy,

Tactics, and Operations; and (4) Case Studies. The authors make

a strong case for the strengthening of psychological operations

(PSYOP) in all aspects of US military operations. Among their recommendations is that PSYOP should be included in all phases of

military training and professional military education.

1996. 376 pages. Public release.

B-18 ISBN 1-58566-016-7 $21.00

The Quest: Haywood Hansell and American

Strategic Bombing in World War II

Charles Griffith

This biography of Maj Gen Haywood S. Hansell Jr. provides an indepth look at the life and career of one of airpower’s pioneer

thinkers. Hansell’s professional life was devoted to the theory and

practice of strategic airpower––the single most controversial military debate of the twentieth century. Hansell believed that wars

could and should be won through precision bombing of military

and industrial/commercial targets, a theory and practice that the

US Army Air Forces abandoned during World War II because of the

dictates of existing technology, the demands of combat, and the

fact that the passions of war swept away moral concerns involving

strategic bombing. Nevertheless, Hansell’s main contribution to

air doctrine was the concept that through selective targeting and

an ability to place the bombs on those targets, airpower could win

wars by crippling an enemy’s ability to supply his forces and without causing wanton death and destruction.

1999. 238 pages. Public release.

B-73 ISBN 1-58566-069-8 $16.00

8
Apollo’s Warriors: United States Air Force 

Special Operations during the Cold War

Michael E. Haas

The author relates the exploits of the US Air Force’s unconventional warriors who flew and fought for over a quarter of a century

in a shadowy war that was out of the public eye. He uses interviews and recently declassified sources to describe the bravery

and resourcefulness of these warriors in 26 chapters arranged in

three sections: (1) Korea, (2) Covert War, and (3) the Second

Indochina War. Adding to the attractiveness of this publication are

over 200 color and black-and-white photographs depicting people

and activities involved in this little-known aspect of the cold war.

1997. 369 pages. Public release.

B-37 ISBN 1-58566-035-3 $28.00

American Airpower Comes of Age: 

General Henry H. “Hap” Arnold’s World

War II Diaries, Volume 1

John W. Huston

Gen Henry H. “Hap” Arnold, US Army Air Forces (AAF) Chief of

Staff during World War II, maintained diaries for his several journeys to various meetings and conferences throughout the conflict.

Volume 1 introduces Hap Arnold, the setting for five of his journeys, the diaries he kept, and evaluations of those journeys and

their consequences. General Arnold’s travels brought him into

strategy meetings and personal conversations with virtually all

leaders of Allied forces as well as many AAF troops around the

world. He recorded his impressions, feelings, and expectations in

his diaries. Maj Gen John W. Huston, USAF, retired, has captured

the essence of Henry H. Hap Arnold—the man, the officer, the AAF

chief, and his mission.

2002. 592 pages. Public release.

B-84 ISBN 1-58566-093-0 $47.00

American Airpower Comes of Age: 

General Henry H. “Hap” Arnold’s World

War II Diaries, Volume 2

John W. Huston

This volume is a continuation of volume 1 and encompasses

General Arnold’s final seven journeys and the diaries he kept

therein.

2002. 458 pages. Public release.

B-85 ISBN 1-58566-094-9 $39.00

9

BOOKS
Listening Effectively

John A. Kline

Dr. Kline introduces the reader to the need for better listening. He

discusses six fallacies about listening: (1) Listening Is Not My

Problem; (2) Listening and Hearing Are the Same; (3) Good

Readers Are Good Listeners; (4) Smarter People Are Better

Listeners; (5) Listening Improves with Age; and (6) Listening Skills

Are Difficult to Learn. He describes the process of listening and

the types of listening. Using the concepts of what we think, feel,

and do about listening, Dr. Kline tells the reader how to listen

more effectively.

1996. 70 pages. Public release.

B-10 ISBN 1-58566-009-4 $4.25

Speaking Effectively: A Guide for

Air Force Speakers

John A. Kline

Dr. Kline offers advice to help people develop the skills needed for

speaking in public. The keys to being a good, confident speaker

are preparation, organization, support, and delivery. He describes

briefings, lectures, and speeches and discusses their differences.

Dr. Kline provides examples and pointers for both the novice and

the skilled speaker.

1989. 86 pages. Public release.

B-33 ISBN 1-58566-031-0 $5.00

Mosquitoes to Wolves:

The Evolution of the Airborne Forward

Air Controller

Gary Robert Lester

Dr. Lester traces the evolution of US close air support, with special emphasis on Korea and Vietnam. He discusses the differing

views of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force at some

length and compares close air support in these two conflicts. The

author notes the need for close air support in the Gulf War and

explores the future of close air support. He punctuates this history and analysis with dramatic experiences of those who made it

happen.

1997. 294 pages. Public release.

B-35 ISBN 1-58566-033-7 $18.00

10

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Challenge and Response: Anticipating US

Military Security Concerns

Karl P. Magyar, editor

Maris McCrabb, Albert Mitchum, and Lewis B. Ware, associate

editors

In this collection of essays, the contributors examine the implications of the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw

Pact on planning for future military threats. They attempt to identify the nature and source of the most likely future threats to

global security. Part I contains a broad review of the major determinants of international change. Part II analyzes specific situations, the changing nature of warfare, and potential responses to

emerging challenges.

1994. 444 pages. Public release.

B-56 ISBN 1-58566-053-1 $27.00

Global Security Concerns:

Anticipating the Twenty-First Century

Karl P. Magyar

Dr. Magyar has assembled a group of experts on military issues to

ponder global security concerns for the twenty-first century. The

writers of this study use the lessons of the past to identify what

issues will propel states to rely on violent means instead of peaceful procedures to achieve their objectives. This work also offers a

background on each topic, identifies areas where conflicts likely

will occur, and measures the possibility of peaceful resolution of

issues.

1996. 336 pages. Public release.

B-7 ISBN 1-58566-006-X $20.00

Prolonged Wars: A Post-Nuclear Challenge

Karl P. Magyar et al.

The authors examine the underlying impact of the cold war on

protracted conflict in Africa and Asia. These area specialists examine the factors that produced prolonged conflict and what each

side in them considered the cause(s) of these struggles. They analyze the reasons for “success” and “failure” in each of these

regional conflicts.

1994. 475 pages. Public release.

B-59 ISBN 1-58566-056-6 $27.00

11

BOOKS
The Development of the B-52 and Jet Propulsion:

A Case Study in Organizational Innovation

Mark D. Mandeles

National security decision makers face an uncertain world where the

accelerated growth of knowledge has changed the character of technological advance and destabilized long-standing relations within

and among the military services. This book separates the principles

that guide decision making from the proverbs through a case study

of decision making in the early post-World War II period. This study

examines the impact of organization on the invention and development of jet propulsion—in the form of the B-52—and illustrates both

the organizational conditions conducive to developing new operational concepts and the organizational innovations necessary to

implement new technology. This study also examines how the Air

Force organized to learn and acquire new technology, how the Air

Force conceived or identified problems, and how it organized to

ensure management would respond to program failure or errors. 

1998. 208 pages. Public release.

B-38 ISBN 1-58566-036-1 $13.00

Thunder and Lightning: Desert Storm

and the Airpower Debates

Edward C. Mann III

Colonel Mann undertakes a critical analysis of air and space warfare as planned and waged in Operation Desert Storm. He

explores debates about airpower and its uses as they played

themselves out before, during, and after the successes of the Gulf

War. He compares the debates of the 1970s–1990s with those of

the 1920s–1940s. Colonel Mann explores the underpinnings of

successful warfare and observes that the warriors of the future

must have a strong knowledge of principles and concepts of war

to apply information, training, and technological resources with

acumen needed to win future victories. Thunder and Lightning is

a companion volume to Reynolds’s Heart of the Storm.

1995. 240 pages. Public release.

B-2 ISBN 1-58566-001-9 $14.00

Joint Training for Night Air Warfare

Brian W. McLean

This book examines the history of joint air operations and night

air operations from World War II through Operation Desert Storm.

Colonel McLean focuses on the need for increased training for

joint operations at night. He describes a hypothetical contingency

in Korea to illustrate some of the challenges of conducting joint

night operations. He offers recommendations for a building-block

approach to improve training in joint night air warfare capability.

1992. 122 pages. Public release.

B-46 ISBN 1-58566-044-2 $7.50

12

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Airmen and Air Theory:

A Review of the Sources

Phillip S. Meilinger

Originally published in 1995 as American Airpower Biography: A

Survey of the Field and revised in 1997, Airmen and Air Theory

updates the original material, reviewing new studies of prominent

American airmen and adding sketches of five subjects: James V.

Hartinger, Charles A. Horner, Lauris Norstad, Dale O. Smith, and

George E. Stratemeyer. Colonel Meilinger has also included a substantial section, “The Historiography of Airpower Theory and

Doctrine,” originally published in The Journal of Military History.

This new version will prove valuable to researchers in their quest

for good sources on people who have shaped airpower and airpower theory.

2001. 176 pages. Public release.

B-13 ISBN 1-58566-101-5 $15.00

The Paths of Heaven:

The Evolution of Airpower Theory

Phillip S. Meilinger, editor

By giving airpower thinkers their due, The Paths of Heaven counterbalances the Air Force’s tendency to emphasize operational

concerns at the expense of theory. Most of the fifteen essays are

contributed by current or former faculty of the then School of

Advanced Airpower Studies at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.

Collectively, the authors trace the development of airpower theory

from its origins with Giulio Douhet, through the formulation of

airpower doctrine during the interwar years at the Air Corps

Tactical School, to current efforts to codify a cogent theory of

space power. In the words of retired chief of staff Gen Ronald R.

Fogleman, “The Paths of Heaven is a valuable means of increasing

our expertise in the employment of airpower.”

1997. 680 pages. Public release.

B-29 ISBN 1-58566-027-2 $39.00

The Air Campaign: John Warden and the

Classical Airpower Theorists

David R. Mets

In light of the age-old belief of Confucius that no idea is new, Mets

examines the role of Col John Warden in the Gulf War to determine if a revolution in military affairs had occurred. He relies on

several twentieth-century antecedents to Warden, including Giulio

Douhet, Hugh Trenchard, and Billy Mitchell to distill a pattern.

Mets also addresses whether “the argument that antedated the

Gulf War to the effect that such conflicts between states using

conventional weapons and methods are a passing phenomenon.”

The concluding chapter provides an overview of Mets’s discussion.

1999. Revised edition. 98 pages. Public release. 

B-65 ISBN 1-58566-063-9 $10.00

13

BOOKS
Land-Based Air Power in Third World Crises

David R. Mets

Dr. Mets examines the utility and limitations of land-based aircraft in third world crises over two decades. He offers several conclusions regarding the most effective use of airpower in crisis situations.

1986. 171 pages. Public release.

B-1 ISBN 1-58566-000-0 $5.00

Airlift Doctrine

Charles E. Miller

Colonel Miller shows how the worldwide orientation of American

foreign policy, the numerous threats to free-world interests, and

the speed and complexity of modern warfare have combined with

political and resource constraints to produce today’s airlift doctrine and force structure.

1988. 447 pages. Public release.

B-21 ISBN 1-58566-019-1 $17.00

Airpower and Ground Armies:

Essays on the Evolution of Anglo-American

Air Doctrine, 1940–1943

Daniel R. Mortensen, editor

These four independent essays provide a perspective on airpower

doctrine development that varies somewhat from the usual view.

Essay 1 describes the organization, doctrine, operational practices, and personality of the air forces in the western desert from

1940 to 1943. Essay 2 describes and analyzes the events in northwest Africa during Operation Torch while the third analyzes the

machinations in policy development in Washington. Essay 4 analyzes the great tactical aviation exercise in northwest Europe,

emphasizing the famous cooperation between George S. Patton

and Otto P. Weyland.

1998. 224 pages. Public release.

B-50 ISBN 1-58566-047-7 $13.00

14

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Air Power and the Ground War in

Vietnam: Ideas and Actions

Donald J. Mrozek

Dr. Mrozek focuses on expectations concerning the impact of airpower on the ground war. He describes some of the actual effects

but avoids treatment of some of the most dramatic air actions of

the war, such as the bombing of Hanoi. He observes that the application of airpower is influenced by factors far beyond the battlefield.

1987. 204 pages. Public release.

B-17 ISBN 1-58566-015-9 $9.00

The US Air Force After Vietnam:

Postwar Challenges and Potential for Responses

Donald J. Mrozek

This book probes various groups of Americans as they come to

grips with the consequences of the Vietnam War. Dr. Mrozek

examines several areas of concern facing the United States Air

Force, and the other services in varying degrees, in the years after

Vietnam.

1988. 133 pages. Public release.

B-26 ISBN 1-58566-024-8 $6.50

Strategy for Defeat:

The Luftwaffe, 1933–1945

Williamson Murray

Dr. Murray’s book provides a detailed analytical study of the

development of the Luftwaffe. The author takes an in-depth look

at the “easy war” (1939–40) and the turn toward Russia in

Operation Barbarossa. Dr. Murray investigates the war of attrition

from 1942 through early 1944 and the reasons for the final

demise of the Luftwaffe from April through September 1944.

1983. 391 pages. Public release.

B-12 ISBN 1-58566-010-8 $12.00

15

BOOKS
Aerospace Power: The Case

for Indivisible Application 

Grover E. Myers

Major Myers offers a serious alternative to “aerospace folklore.” He

proposes an indivisible airpower concept and argues that it would

result in a far more flexible aerospace force structure—one that

gets the most from our increasingly expensive and limited assets

and applies the right force at the right place at the right time.

1986. 96 pages. Public release.

B-15 ISBN 1-58566-013-2 $4.75

Combat Operations C3I: Fundamentals and

Interactions

George E. Orr

The author introduces basic definitions, functions, and processes of

command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3

I). He develops a conceptual model of the combat operations process based on

the American approach to war. The study investigates the stochastic

nature of combat operations and develops a guide to effective command. Major Orr concludes that a distributed C3

I architecture

designed to exploit the unpredictability of combat is best suited to

the true nature of combat and the strengths of American fighting

units. (Air University Press originally published this book in 1983 as

Research Report No. AU-ARI-82-5.)

2001. 122 pages. Public release.

B-82 ISBN 1-58566-102-3 $12.00

Deliberate Force: A Case Study in

Effective Air Campaigning

Robert C. Owen, editor

Operation Deliberate Force, conducted between 30 August and 20

September 1995, was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s air

campaign to advance the cause of peace in the Balkans region.

This study of that campaign examines how and with what considerations the planners and executors of Deliberate Force linked

military operations with the goals they were charged to attain. In

16 essays, 11 contributors discuss the geopolitical, sociological,

diplomatic, technological, and operational factors that shaped the

characteristics and outcome of Deliberate Force and, in so doing,

identify the implications of this air campaign for future conflicts.

1999. 560 pages. Public release.

B-74 ISBN 1-58566-076-0 $37.00

16

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
The Role of US Nuclear Weapons in the Post-Cold

War Era

Richard A. Paulsen

Major Paulsen examines the role of nuclear weapons in the

defense posture of the US between the end of World War II and the

breakup of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 50 years later.

He gauges public opinion, reviews congressional testimony to

determine the thinking of military leaders, and relies on his own

military experience to assess new directions for deterrence in the

post-cold war period. Major Paulsen surveys the continuing threat

posed by nuclear weapons and recommends changes in US strategy

for the post-cold war era.

1994. 208 pages. Public release.

B-58 ISBN 1-58566-055-8 $23.00

The World Wide Military Command

and Control System: Evolution

and Effectiveness

David E. Pearson

In this comprehensive analysis of the World Wide Military Command

and Control System (WWMCCS), the author takes three distinct

themes––organization, technology, and ideology––and examines how

each contributed to the development of WWMCCS. He explains how

and why it developed the way it did, focusing on the system’s computers and communications networks and using a number of illustrations. An interview with the chief technical officer of the system

that replaced WWMCCS brings a contemporary flavor to the study.

2000. 414 pages. Public release.

B-76 ISBN 1-58566-078-7 $37.00

Airpower Journal Index, 1987–1996

Michael J. Petersen and Pamela Lang, editors

This reference book lists all articles and book reviews appearing in

the Airpower Journal from 1987 to 1996 in author, title, and subject indexes.

1998. 208 pages. Public release. 

B-49 No cost

17

BOOKS
Heart of the Storm: The Genesis

of the Air Campaign against Iraq

Richard T. Reynolds

Colonel Reynolds presents a firsthand account of the struggle to

design and implement the air campaign that proved instrumental

in defeating Iraq in the Gulf War. Through documentary research

and dialogue derived from interviews with key players such as

Generals Dugan, Russ, Loh, and Horner, he traces the evolution of

the air campaign plan known as Instant Thunder from its origins

in the mind of Col John A. Warden III to the decision by General

Schwarzkopf to employ airpower as his weapon of choice against

Saddam Hussein. Heart of the Storm provides behind-the-scenes

insights into how future decisions to use airpower will likely be

made. It is a companion volume to Mann’s Thunder and Lightning.

1995. 169 pages. Public release.

B-55 ISBN 1-58566-052-3 $11.00

Introduction to the United States Air Force

B. Chance Saltzman and Thomas R. Searle, editors

Captain Saltzman and Dr. Searle provide information that introduces fascinating stories of the people, equipment, and operations

of the Air Force. The book is organized in two parts and five

appendices. The first part is organized chronologically and groups

significant operations and personalities in critical periods during

the development of the US Air Force. The second part covers aerospace craft by type (fighters, bombers, missiles, and so on) and

shows the development of each over time. Following part 2 are

appendices listing the senior leaders of the early air forces (before

the creation of the US Air Force in 1947), the Air Force chiefs of

staff, the chief master sergeants of the Air Force, fighter aces, and

Medal of Honor winners.

2001. 190 pages. Public release.

B-79 ISBN 1-58566-092-2 $24.00

Middle East Security Issues:

In the Shadow of Weapons

Barry R. Schneider, editor

This study addresses questions that demand an answer if US

national security policy is to be well informed. In “NBC and Missile

Proliferation in the Middle East,” Lawrence Scheinman summarizes

the nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons capabilities and missile systems of Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Libya, and Syria. “Recent

Developments in the Persian Gulf,” by Anthony H. Cordesman, looks

at both the conventional and weapons of mass destruction military

balance between the states in the region. “Arab Perspectives on

Middle Eastern Security,” by Ibrahim A. Karawan, concludes that

“the fact that the Middle East has not been among the success stories in curbing the spread of nuclear weapons is not surprising.”

Karawan believes that policy makers in the surrounding Arab and

Moslim states cannot ignore the fact of Israeli nuclear weapons and

explains the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons in such

18

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
states as a natural deterrence response. “Regional Security and

Arms Control in the Middle East: The Nuclear Dimension,” by Avner

Cohen, explains the diametrically opposite approaches taken by the

two sides in the Arms Control and Regional Security negotiations.

“The Egyptian-Israeli Confrontation over the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty,” by W. Andrew Terrill, contrasts Egypt’s changing

approach to the Israeli nuclear weapons possession.

1999. 146 pages. Public release.

B-75 ISBN 1-58566-077-0 $12.00

Battlefield of the Future: Twenty-first

Century Warfare Issues

Barry R. Schneider and Lawrence E. Grinter, editors

This is a book about strategy and war fighting in the midst of a

revolution in military affairs as the world moves into the twentyfirst century. Composed of 10 essays, the book looks at such subjects as debate over the future of airpower, the unique threat of

biological warfare, the impact of the information revolution on

warfare, and how the changes in military technology might require

a rethinking of principles of warfare. The book also examines

whether we are going through, at the turn of the century, a new

revolution in military affairs caused by new military technologies,

new organization for warfare, and new strategies for employing

forces on future battlefields.

1998. 286 pages. Public release. 

B-64 ISBN 1-58566-061-2 $19.00

Air Warfare

William C. Sherman

Since this study was published initially in 1926, designers, engineers, pilots, and students of aviation have had an opportunity to

discern its merits and to analyze its shortcomings. Still, in that

historic year, with the public reeling from the outcome of the

Scopes Monkey Trial, Charles Lindbergh’s solo transcontinental

flight, and the Billy Mitchell trial and verdict, William C. Sherman

advanced a need for aerial navigation and cogently told us of the

merits of flying. Coming at a time when flying was in its infancy,

the book ushered in a new era in airpower historiography.

Sherman relied on an assortment of illustrations to buttress his

contention that aerial navigation will play a large role in the future

of air tactics. Readers may not be pleased with the paucity of citations and the absence of a bibliography, but Sherman makes it

clear that Air Warfare was based on his notes while he was an

“instructor at the Air Service Tactical School and at the Command

and General Staff School.” Air Warfare advances our understanding of aerial navigation so much so that Sherman can take credit

for being the inspiration behind some of the technology currently

used in military operations.

2002. 306 pages. Public release.

B-86 ISBN 1-58566-104-X $27.00

19

BOOKS
20

In the Aftermath of War: US Support

for Reconstruction and Nation-Building

in Panama Following Just Cause

Richard H. Shultz Jr.

Dr. Shultz discusses the December 1989 invasion of Panama and

assesses the effectiveness of American foreign policy implemented

afterward. He focuses on reconstruction, nation-building, and

democratization following Operation Just Cause. He reviews contemporary Panamanian politics and comments on what went

wrong with our contingency planning. Dr Shultz examines the origins and future applications of the Military Support Group and

concludes that future postconflict situations will require the

Department of Defense to create an interagency mechanism that

can respond in an effective way to both civilian and military concerns.

1993. 88 pages. Public release.

B-61 ISBN 1-58566-058-2 $10.00

The Future of Air Power in the

Aftermath of the Gulf War

Richard H. Shultz Jr. and Robert L. Pfaltzgraff Jr.

This collection of essays reflects the proceedings of a 1991 conference on “The United States Air Force: Aerospace Challenges and

Missions in the 1990s,” sponsored by the USAF and Tufts

University. The 20 contributors comment on the pivotal role of airpower in the war with Iraq and address issues and choices facing

the USAF, such as the factors that are reshaping strategies and

missions, the future role and structure of airpower as an element

of US power projection, and the aerospace industry’s views on

what the Air Force of the future will set as its acquisition priorities and strategies. The authors agree that aerospace forces will be

an essential and formidable tool in US security policies into the

next century. The contributors include academics, high-level military leaders, government officials, journalists, and top executives

from aerospace and defense contractors.

1992. 386 pages. Public release.

B-48 ISBN 1-58566-046-9 $23.00

Self-Protective Measures to Enhance Airlift

Operations in Hostile Environments

John A. Skorupa

Colonel Skorupa examines strategy, doctrine, forces, threat, and

technological issues relating to airlift operations. He blends military art with industrial science. Colonel Skorupa explains threats

to airlift and how electronic warfare and other technological applications would counter such threats.

1989. 201 pages. Public release.

B-30 ISBN 1-58566-028-0 $8.50

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Beating International Terrorism: An Action

Strategy for Preemption and Punishment

Stephen Sloan

Dr. Sloan writes this book primarily for senior- and middle-level officials and officers who will be responsible for conducting war against

terrorism. He examines several definitional problems, analyzes the

factors involved in developing approaches to counter and preempt

terrorism, and looks at the policy issues regarding the use of force.

2000. Revised edition. 110 pages. Public release.

B-3 ISBN 1-58566-079-5 $8.00

Milestones in Strategic Arms Control,

1945–2000: United States Air Force Roles

and Outcomes

James M. Smith and Gwendolyn Hall, editors

This compilation of 10 articles by frequently published armscontrol experts captures the story of a young Air Force’s initial

(and limited) impact on arms-control negotiations and outcomes. It documents a growing awareness by the service that it

was better to help craft the US position than merely to be a passive recipient. This book also highlights the lesson the Air Force

belatedly learned in the early days of arms control: that it has to

plan and budget for treaty implementation as aggressively as it

works to protect its equities during treaty negotiations. When a

treaty goes into effect, the Air Force needs to be ready to execute

its responsibilities to ensure complete and timely treaty compliance. Though the Air Force did not seize a prominent role in the

early days of post-war arms control, it made up for it quickly and

forcefully as it gained a fuller appreciation of what was at stake.

2002. 324 pages. Public release.

B-87 ISBN 1-58566-110-4 $28.00

Fighting Proliferation: 

New Concerns for the Nineties

Henry Sokolski, editor

This publication examines such issues as devising effective strategy

against the proliferation of nuclear weapons, coping with the spread

of space technology, and curbing Iran’s and North Korea’s strategic

programs. Seventeen contributors address these challenges and

their implications for US policy in the book’s five divisions: part 1

explores how best to reform existing nonproliferation efforts; part 2

considers new high-leverage systems likely to threaten the United

States in the near future; parts 3 and 4 focus on two new truculent

proliferators—North Korea and Iran; and part 5 discusses the need

to develop a long-term diplomatic, political, economic, and military

strategy against proliferation. Fighting Proliferation places itself in

the mainstream of opposition to proliferation and the search for

practical, policy-relevant approaches to dealing with it.

1996. 396 pages. Public release.

B-19 ISBN 1-58566-017-5 $23.00

21

BOOKS
Force and Accommodation in World Politics

Stanley E. Spangler

Dr. Spangler shows that conciliatory approaches or accommodative

measures have frequently been avoided by the United States in its

foreign relations and, if used, have too often been undervalued in

comparison to military force. He develops a model or conceptual

approach to foreign policy that he calls “positive diplomacy,” which

is to him a preferable method of integrating force and diplomacy in

this very complicated and increasingly dangerous world.

1991. 380 pages. Public release.

B-42 ISBN 1-58566-040-X $15.00

Beyond Horizons: A Half Century

of Air Force Space Leadership

David N. Spires; George W. Bradley III, senior editor;

Rick W. Sturdevant and Richard S. Eckert, associate editors

This book is a study of the Air Force’s long involvement in initiating, developing, and applying the technology of space-based systems in support of the nation’s security. It ranges from America’s

space and missile efforts prior to the launch of the Soviet sputniks

in 1957, right up to the coming of age of military space employment in the Persian Gulf War of 1991. Finally, the study offers an

assessment of the Air Force’s leadership position in the ongoing

debate over service roles and missions and its vision for the

nation’s space program entering the new century. This is a slightly

revised edition of a book originally published by Air Force Space

Command in 1997.

1998. 406 pages. Public release.

B-63 ISBN 1-58566-060-4 $25.00

The War in the Air, 1914–1994

Alan Stephens, editor

This book contains the proceedings of a conference held by the

Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in Canberra in 1994. Since its

publication by the RAAF’s Air Power Studies Centre in that year,

the book has become a widely used reference at universities, military academies, and other educational institutions around the

world. This American edition is a somewhat shortened version

with minor editorial changes.

The contributors discuss the evolution of airpower from World War

I to the near future. Essay subjects include World War I; doctrinal

development in the interwar period; strategic bombing and support of surface forces in World War II; and airpower in the Korean

War, Vietnam War, Arab-Israeli Wars, Falklands War, and Persian

Gulf War; plus coverage of airpower in such peripheral conflicts as

Operation El Dorado Canyon, the Malayan Emergency, and the

Israeli raid on the Osirak nuclear reactor.

2000. 438 pages. Public release.

B-78 ISBN 1-58566-087-6 $36.00

22

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
The Army and Its Air Corps: Army

Policy toward Aviation, 1919–1941

James P. Tate

From the armistice in 1918 to the late 1930s, there was continuous controversy over the place of aviation in the military establishment. This book details how airpower visionaries, with varying

degrees of tact, often risked charges of insubordination in preaching the gospel of airpower. As aviation technology advanced and as

Army leaders were “educated” in the capabilities of aircraft, they

showed genuine interest in the potential of airpower. The author

contends that their decisions often favored the Air Corps and that

the air arm received a lion’s share of the Army budget during a

period of extreme austerity. Dr. Tate states that the Air Corps, far

from being a stepchild, had become a princess by the late 1930s.

1998. 217 pages. Public release.

B-62 ISBN 1-58566-059-0 $14.00

The Air Force Role in Developing

International Outer Space Law

Delbert R. Terrill Jr.

Colonel Terrill provides an in-depth examination of the historical

evolution of Air Force thinking and action on the development of

international law as it applies to outer space. He traces the Air

Force’s continual resistance to treaties and other conventions that

would have defined the demarcation of the “boundary” between

airspace and outer space. He shows that the Air Force position

was grounded in the unwillingness to define outer space narrowly

before the military had thoroughly researched and tested technological capabilities that could be employed in space. Terrill concludes by raising concerns about current issues that come into

play on efforts to refine international law as it relates to outer

space. These issues include technological advances and possible

future international cooperation in space ventures.

1999. 155 pages. Public release.

B-69 ISBN 1-58566-066-3 $12.00

Setup: What the Air Force Did

in Vietnam and Why

Earl H. Tilford Jr.

American military professionals, especially the US Air Force, have

had a difficult time understanding their role in this nation’s defeat in

Vietnam. Dr. Tilford provides a critical self-analysis and questions

the underlying assumptions of the Air Force’s strategy in Southeast

Asia. He argues that we must understand what went wrong in

Vietnam and why and not manipulate the record and paint failure as

victory. He explains what led to the “setup,” which not only resulted

in a failure for airpower but also contributed to the fall of South

Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia to Communist forces in 1975.

1991. 328 pages. Public release

B-40 ISBN 1-58566-038-8 $12.00

23

BOOKS
Commanding an Air Force Squadron

Timothy T. Timmons

Colonel Timmons presents the views of many junior colonels and

senior lieutenant colonels who have served as squadron commanders as he discusses the roles and responsibilities of this

challenging assignment. Colonel Timmons’s command and leadership principles, recommendations, and suggestions—though

directed to the Air Force audience—apply to other US military services, officers of other nations, and civilian organizations and

institutions.

1993. 148 pages. Public release.

B-9 ISBN 1-58566-008-6 $10.00

The United States Strategic

Bombing Surveys

This publication contains reprints of the Summary Reports—30

September 1945 (European War) and 1 July 1946 (Pacific War)—

of the strategic bombing surveys conducted as World War II was

coming to a close.

1987. 124 pages. Public release.

B-20 ISBN 1-58566-018-3 $7.50

Air Power and Maneuver Warfare

Martin van Creveld, Kenneth S. Brower,

and Steven L. Canby

The authors identify and discuss the fundamental concepts and

principles of maneuver warfare, compare and contrast it to attritionstyle warfare, and trace its origins and history. They examine the role

of airpower in enhancing maneuver during the early German campaigns of World War II, in Germany’s 1941 Russian campaigns, and

in the Soviet version of maneuver warfare in World War II. They analyze the importance of airpower in the maneuver warfare employed

by Israel in the 1967 and 1973 wars and by the Coalition forces in

the Gulf War. Dr. van Creveld forecasts what the role of airpower will

be in warfare during the coming years. The book includes a response

to the authors by air doctrine analysts at Air University.

1994. 284 pages. Public release.

B-53 ISBN 1-58566-050-7 $17.00

24

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Organizational Structure for Air National

Guard Tactical Aircraft Maintenance

Rudolph Ventresca

Colonel Ventresca analyzes and assesses the changes in the organizational structure of the active Air Force and the Air National

Guard (ANG) fighter maintenance units from the time the ANG

became a separate reserve component in 1946 to the present-day

organization, which parallels the active Air Force. He provides

insight into the ANG tactical air forces maintenance organization

by chronicling the past, viewing the present, and projecting the

reader into the future, taking into account those things that will

likely affect the way ANG tactical aircraft maintenance is organized and will operate in the future.

1991. 116 pages. Public release.

B-43 ISBN 1-58566-041-8 $7.00

From the Line in the Sand: Accounts of USAF

Company Grade Officers in Support of Desert

Shield/Desert Storm

Michael P. Vriesenga

Captain Vriesenga presents a compilation of essays by 34 participants below the rank of major who contributed to the Gulf War.

Their stories focus on such topics as deployment, organizational

patterns of units, delegation of authority and responsibility, emotions and psychology of combat, the impact of combat losses, airfield construction, medical care, and aircraft preparations.

1994. 289 pages. Public release.

B-14 ISBN 1-58566-012-4 $20.00

Low-Intensity Conflict in the Third World

Lewis B. Ware et al.

A common thread ties together the five case studies of this book:

the persistence with which the bilateral relationship between the

United States and the Soviet Union continues to dominate

American foreign and regional policies. These essays analyze the

low-intensity conflict environment in Central Asia, the Middle

East, Southeast Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa.

1988. 189 pages. Public release.

B-24 ISBN 1-58566-022-1 $7.50

BOOKS

25
Implementing Joint Vision 2010: A Revolution in

Military Affairs for Strategic Air Campaigns

Christopher G. Warner

Implication of the CJCS’s Joint Vision 2010 and the United States

Air Force’s Global Engagement will lead to a strategic air campaign

revolution in military affairs. A strategic air campaign can perform

worldwide mobility to deter aggression or win battles and wars

with application of combat power. These future air campaigns

should achieve strategic objectives that prevent crisis escalation,

enhance deterrence, or support other nonmilitary national objectives with timely delivery of logistical resources and people worldwide. The synthesis of today’s airpower doctrine; tomorrow’s dominant battle-space knowledge, JV2010 operational-concepts

development; rapid and effective command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence; high-penetration, low-observable aircraft employing precision weapons rapidly, disproportionately and against parallel target sets; and strategic airlift providing

critical resources and supporting worldwide mobility will give the

joint force commander and the US military significant long-range

strategic airpower capabilities to achieve national security objectives. As we complete this synthesis, the United States will experience a strategic air campaign revolution in military affairs.

1999. 98 pages. Public release.

B-67 ISBN 1-58566-065-5 $7.00

The Foundations of U.S. Air Doctrine:

The Problem of Friction in War

Barry D. Watts

This study analyzes airpower doctrine from the viewpoint of

Clausewitzian friction. The study concludes that American airpower doctrine has changed very little since the 1930s and that it

is fundamentally flawed.

1984. 159 pages. Public release.

B-8 ISBN 1-58566-007-8 $4.00

Archie, Flak, AAA, and SAM:

A Short Operational History of

Ground-Based Air Defense

Kenneth P. Werrell

The title refers to the name that airmen use and have used to

describe ground fire against aircraft: Archie in World War I (from

the British), flak in World War II and Korea (from the Germans),

AAA throughout but especially in Vietnam (from the American

abbreviation for antiaircraft artillery), and most recently SAM

(from the US abbreviation for surface-to-air missiles). This study

concentrates on how these weapons developed and how they impacted both US and non-US air operations.

1988. 224 pages. Public release.

B-28 ISBN 1-58566-026-4 $8.50

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS

26
27

The Evolution of the Cruise Missile

Kenneth P. Werrell

The cruise missile possesses a rich conceptual and technological

heritage. The author addresses this heritage and the importance of

understanding it when we consider deployment and employment

options. Without the perspective provided by this history, our perception of the cruise missile’s purpose and use lacks depth and

understanding.

1985. 303 pages. Public release.

B-6 ISBN 1-58566-005-1 $7.00

Military Air Power: The CADRE Digest of 

Air Power Opinions and Thoughts

Charles M. Westenhoff

Colonel Westenhoff provides a collection of quotations about the

utility and potential of airpower. The book is divided into the

following sections: Airpower, War Technology, the Principles of

War, and Command. This digest is organized to be a handy reference.

1990. 224 pages. Public release.

B-36 ISBN 1-58566-034-5 $8.50

On Celestial Wings

Edgar D. Whitcomb

The first Army Air Corps navigational class at Miami University

graduated in November 1940. In this book, Colonel Whitcomb follows these first celestial navigators through their World War II trials. Twenty-five personal stories and a series of photographs paint

the stories of these men as they fought—combining the ancient art

of navigating by the stars with the equipment on their B-17s,

became prisoners of war, lived through the Bataan Death March,

escaped from Japanese captors, survived primitive conditions in

the Philippines, died for their country, or later served the US as

navigators on the aircraft of presidents and dignitaries.

1996. 227 pages. Public release.

B-4 ISBN 1-58566-003-5 $14.00

BOOKS
Biplanes and Bombsights:

British Bombers in World War I

George K. Williams

Colonel Williams, USAF, retired, presents a comprehensive study of

British bombing efforts in the Great War. He contends that the official

version of costs and results underplays the costs while overplaying

the results. Supported by postwar findings of both US and British

evaluation teams, he argues that British bombing efforts were significantly less effective than heretofore believed. Colonel Williams also

presents a strong argument that German air defenses caused considerably less damage to British forces than pilot error, malfunctioning aircraft, and bad weather. That we believed otherwise supports

the notion that British bombing raids had forced Germany to transfer significant air assets to defend against them. Williams, however,

found no evidence that any such transfer occurred. Actual results,

Colonel Williams argues, stand in strong contrast to claimed results.

1999. 330 pages. Public release.

B-68 ISBN 1-58566-073-6 $25.00

Rise of the Fighter Generals: The Problem

of Air Force Leadership (1945–1982)

Mike Worden

Colonel Worden relies on oral histories, personal interviews, military and social histories, quantitative data, and sociological

research to show how fighter generals rose to domination in the

Air Force. From its inception through the 1960s, the Air Force was

dominated by bomber pilots. Embracing an absolutist perspective,

bomber pilots struggled to maintain their dominance. In the

1960s, however, they saw their positions of leadership slowly

yielding to the experience, broader education, and pragmatism of

fighter pilots. This study terminates in 1982 when the leadership

changes with the selection of a string of generals with fighter

backgrounds as Air Force chiefs of staff.

1998. 291 pages. Public release.

B-51 ISBN 1-58566-048-5 $18.00

28

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Paradigm Lost: Rethinking 

Theater Airlift to Support

the Army After Next

David W. Allvin

Colonel Allvin analyzes the theater airlift

implications for the United States Army’s

vision, Army After Next (AAN)––now called the

Army Vision: The Transformation of the Army,

which is a continuum of the AAN––for land

warfare in the twenty-first century. He identifies theater airlift capabilities critical to the

AAN concept and examines emerging systems

that seem likely to furnish those capabilities.

He argues that improvements in cargo-handling, situational awareness, and defensive

systems––as well as the ability to operate in

austere conditions––constitute the most crucial future requirements for theater airlift.

Colonel Allvin concludes that the most promising emerging systems for achieving required

theater airlift capabilities include the tilt-wing

concept, autonomous cargo-handling systems,

and a standoff capability for examining the

suitability of opportune landing sites.

2000. 110 pages. Public release.

P-14 ISBN 1-58566-084-1 $8.50

Airpower against an Army:

Challenge and Response in

CENTAF’s Duel with the

Republican Guard

William F. Andrews

Colonel Andrews concentrates on tactical

innovation during war. He examines the extent

to which USAF doctrine prepared the US

Central Command Air Forces (CENTAF) for its

mission against the Republican Guard Forces

Command (RGFC). He describes how CENTAF

adjusted air operations against Iraq’s RGFC in

the 1990–91 invasion of Kuwait. CENTAF

instituted six significant tactical innovations

in one week that required its aviators to create

new tactics in the midst of combat operations.

Colonel Andrews evaluates those innovations

because they enabled CENTAF to satisfy theater objectives. He recommends that the Air

Force identify means to measure air operations against land forces during peacetime

because the press of war does not provide time

for reflection and analysis.

1998. 144 pages. Public release.

P-2 $9.00

Once in a Blue Moon: Airmen in

Theater Command––Lauris

Norstad, Albrecht Kesselring, and

Their Relevance to the TwentyFirst Century Air Force

Howard D. Belote

Colonel Belote concentrates on the question:

What are the qualities necessary for airmen to

perform effectively as war-fighting commanders in chief (CINC)? He identifies those necessary qualities of knowledge, insight, and skill

through three methods. He reviews theoretical

and historical literature on command. He uses

the careers of two early theater CINCs––

Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and Jacob L.

Devers––to establish a baseline for analysis.

Colonel Belote offers two detailed biographical

case studies on Gen Lauris Norstad and Field

Marshal Albrecht Kesselring. He complements

his historical inquiry with findings based on

interviews with senior Department of Defense

officials coupled to an analysis of the recent

literature on joint command. Colonel Belote

proposes a creation of a new and intentionally

broad-gauged “joint warfighter” career track.

2000. 117 pages. Public release.

P-12 ISBN 1-58566-082-5 $8.50

29

These occasional monographs seek to promote understanding of the theory and

application of air and space power. These studies are sponsored by the Airpower

Research Institute of Air University’s College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research

and Education (CADRE). Papers in the current series are available electronically

at the Air University Research Web site http://research.maxwell.af.mil and the AU

Press Web site http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil. (NOTE: P-numbers listed here do not

correspond to P-series numbers assigned by CADRE. Be sure you order using

the reference numbers shown below.)

CADRE PAPERS
Airpower and the Cult

of the Offensive

John R. Carter

Major Carter explores three case studies that

have important similarities: the doctrine of

Great Britain’s Royal Air Force from 1918 to

1938, the Israeli Air Force’s strategy from

1967 to 1973, and the United States Air

Force’s strategy from 1953 to 1965. He begins

by establishing the theoretical background

necessary for case study analysis. He dissects

the relationship between offense and defense

to discover that airpower defense enjoys neither an advantage of position nor of time. He

examines the nature of offense and defense as

they apply to airpower and offers reasons military organizations may prefer offensive doctrines. Major Carter identifies the elements

and implications of the cult of the offensive.

1998. 125 pages. Public release.

P-3 $9.00

Shooting Down a “Star”: Program

437, the US Nuclear ASAT System

and Present-Day Copycat Killers

Clayton K. S. Chun

Colonel Chun undertakes a case study of an

experimental US antisatellite defense fielded by

the Air Force in the 1960s as a departure for

assessing the need for an antisatellite (ASAT)

system today. The author argues that the US

Air Force was able to develop a relatively effective system based on rudimentary technology.

Using aging booster rockets (the Thor intercontinental ballistic missile) and existing tracking

and targeting radar systems, the Air Force was

able to intercept satellites. Colonel Chun argues

that extrapolating from this historical example

several states, particularly North Korea, Iran,

India, and the Peoples Republic of China, could

use widely available improved missiles and

radar systems to develop ASAT weapons that

would make critical US and allied space systems (military and commercial) vulnerable to

attack, thus seriously undermining our offensive and defensive capabilities and perhaps

wreak havoc on our economic system.

2000. 98 pages. Public release.

P-8 ISBN 1-58566-071-X $7.00

Uninhabited Combat Aerial

Vehicles: Airpower by the

People, For the People, 

But Not with the People

Richard M. Clark

Lt Col Clark chronologically traces the evolution of uninhabited combat aerial vehicles

(UCAV) beginning two centuries before the

birth of Christ and ending with the USAF

abandonment of unmanned aerial vehicles

(UAV) and UCAVs in the late 1970s. He provides some background information and

examines the most current USAF involvement

with UCAVs. Lt Col Clark discusses the obstacles that prevented unmanned aviation programs of the past from becoming operationally

significant. He extracted evidence from current

periodicals, from interviews with UAV and

UCAV experts, and from other supporting documentation to determine what significant

obstacles UCAVs may face in achieving operational significance in the Air Force. Lt Col

Clark provides recommendations for overcoming the obstacles and managing the risks and

uncertainties involved with UCAVs.

2000. 100 pages. Public release.

P-13 ISBN 1-58566-083-3 $9.50

Rolling Thunder 1965:

Anatomy of a Failure

Dennis M. Drew

A study of the interplay of policy and doctrine

during the conduct of a major military campaign.

1986. 66 pages. Public release.

P-1 $7.50

Turning the Vertical Flank:

Airpower as a Maneuver

Force in the Theater

Campaign

Robert P. Givens

Colonel Givens examines three battles—1973

Yom Kippur, 1972 Easter offensive, and 1944

Normandy campaign—to test the validity of airpower operating as a maneuver force. He avoids

wringing the concept through to the Persian

Gulf War because of the heated feelings that

arose during the analysis of that path-breaking

30

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
31

CADRE PAPERS

campaign some 12 years ago. What is unique

and instructive about this study is its examination of historical warfare to illustrate current

maneuver force concepts. Through the experiences of Kosovo and Afghanistan, the Air Force

advocates with greater urgency that airpower

can operate as a major force and is not endemically oriented to a supporting role. The contention is that exercising airpower in this role

will enhance the future campaigns of the

American military might. Colonel Givens concludes that, at the very least, the principle of

economy of force demands airpower be seen as

a viable maneuver force. He shows that in the

conduct of warfare, we missed lessons in the

past that we need to apply today.

2002. 106 pages. Public release.

P-24 ISBN 1-58566-108-2 $9.00 

ISSN 1537-3371

The Politics of Coercion:

Toward a Theory of

Coercive Airpower for PostCold War Conflict

Ellwood P. “Skip” Hinman IV

In The Politics of Coercion, Lt Col Hinman

examines what coercion theory suggests about

the use of airpower in the early twenty-first

century. Specifically, he seeks to determine

whether any of the existing theories of coercion can stand alone as a coherent, substantive, and codified approach to airpower

employment. Framing his analysis on three

key attributes of conflict in the post-Cold War

era—limited, nonprotracted war; political

restraint; and the importance of a better state

of peace—Hinman examines the contemporary

applicability of the four major theories of coercive airpower: punishment, risk, decapitation,

and denial. Finding limitations in these theories, he proposes a three-phase “hybrid

approach” to coercion that more adequately

meets the needs of post-Cold War conflict.

2002. 88 pages. Public release.

P-25 ISBN 1-58566-109-0 $7.50

ISSN 1537-3371

Toward an Air and Space Force:

Naval Aviation and the Implication

for Space Power

Mark P. Jelonek

The Air Force and Air Force Space Command

need an official implementation plan to integrate space into air operations or they might

founder in this third attempt to transition to

an air and space force. The historical precedent established during the integration of aviation into the US Navy from 1921 to 1941 suggests the policy areas essential to successful

integration. The Air Force has initiated several

excellent programs to increase the knowledge

and understanding of space operations in the

flying community by incorporating space

capabilities and products into air operations,

professional military community by incorporating space capabilities and products into air

operations, professional military education,

and field exercises. Including space power in

war games is also promoting understanding

and creating an environment for innovation.

The Air Force is on the verge of a bitter dispute

between combat aircraft; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance aircraft; unmanned

aerial vehicles; and space systems. From this

debate, the Air Force must establish priorities.

While space operations officers have earned

the highest ranks in the Air Force, they are

underrepresented in the command positions.

Providing opportunities for space operators to

experience air operations will cultivate aerospace officers to employ the aerospace force.

The Air Force can benefit from this historical

analogy by recognizing that integration is more

than the acquisition of weapons and combat

capabilities. Integration relies on a powerful

human component that will ultimately determine the success or failure of the endeavor.

1999. 94 pages. Public release.

P-11 ISBN 1-58566-072-8 $9.00

Sychronizing Airpower and

Firepower in the Deep Battle

R. Kent Laughbaum

Major Laughbaum argues that current joint

doctrine does not provide sufficient and

acceptable guidance for synchronizing Air

Force and Army deep operations. He analyzes

service and joint doctrine produced since

Operation Desert Storm and examines the evolution of the fire support coordination line

(FSCL). He traces the development of the
Army’s AirLand Battle doctrine and historical

Air Force perspectives on the deep battle. His

investigation of the deep battle during the

Persian Gulf War emphasizes targeting and the

application of the FSCL. Major Laughbaum

provides five recommendations to change joint

doctrine so that our services can work together

effectively.

1999. 92 pages. Public release.

P-6 $9.00

Thinking Effects: EffectsBased Methodology for

Joint Operations

Edward C. Mann III, Gary Endersby, and

Thomas R. Searle

The authors propose that military actions

should be employed through effects-based

operations (EBO). The US military is undergoing a transformation to be prepared for operations across the spectrum of engagement.

These authors also propose that part of the

transformation should deal with how the military thinks and operates. Mann, Endersby,

and Searle have developed an extended explanation of EBO methodology earlier defined in

the May 2002 Air Combat Command white

paper titled “Effects-Based Operations.” They

have attempted to answer the challenge by the

white paper to help establish procedures in

the EBO methodology, to further codify the

understanding of an EBO way of thinking.

Submitting that this methodology is extremely

promising, they recognize two major areas of

challenge. First, is modifying both service and

joint doctrine to fully articulate what can be

accomplished with EBO. Second, there are

major issues in the area of command and control (C2

). Effective C2 for EBO depends not only

on how intelligence analysis and combat assessment are performed but how they integrated

into the planning process. The authors conclude that the EBO methodology is actually a

refinement or evolution of the objectives-based

planning currently incorporated in US military

doctrine.

2002. 118 pages. Public release.

P-27 ISBN 1-58566-112-0 $10.00

ISSN 1537-3371

The Long Search for a Surgical

Strike: Precision Munitions and

the Revolution in Military Affairs

David R. Mets

What is a revolution in military affairs? What

did the classical airpower theorists think? How

did the revolution succeed in combat up to

1975? These are some intriguing questions Dr.

Mets examines in The Long Search for a

Surgical Strike: Precision Munitions and the

Revolution in Military Affairs. This book is

based on research conducted for a presentation at the Society of Military History, Calgary,

Canada, May 2001.

2001. 96 pages. Public release.

P-20 ISBN 1-58566-096-5 $8.00

ISSN 1537-3371

XIX Tactical Air Command and

ULTRA: Patton’s Force Enhancers

in 1944 Campaign in France

Bradford J. “BJ” Shwedo

During this campaign, Patton devised unique

ways to exploit the reciprocal and forceenhancing capabilities of airpower, ground

scheme of maneuver, and ULTRA, code name

for high-grade signals intelligence derived from

German secret radio communication. Major

Shwedo traces Patton’s higher tactical and

operational decisions from the hedgerows of

Normandy in early August 1944 to the banks

of the Moselle River, just 50 miles from the

German border. The author contends that

both the Air Force and the Army should learn

the proper lessons from this campaign concerning how best to integrate intelligence,

ground maneuver, and airpower. Major

Shwedo recommends that these same tools

could be usefully combined in the technologically enhanced era of the twenty-first century.

2001. 158 pages. Public release.

P-17 ISBN 1-58566-089-2 $13.00

32

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Does the United States Need

Space-Based Weapons?

William L. Spacy II

Major Spacy examines the kinds of weapons

that have been proposed for use in space. He

compares their capabilities with those of their

surface-based counterparts. He addresses

two questions: What do space-based weapons

have to offer that other forms of military

power lack? What are space-based weapons

likely to cost both in terms of dollars and in

lost opportunities for pursuing other systems? Major Spacy evaluates the theoretical

capabilities of orbital weapons and compares

them to weapons already in existence and

concepts proposed for development. His objective is to provide insight into where future

investments should be made if the United

States is to protect its increasingly important

space-based assets and retain its position as

a global leader able to project military power

wherever necessary.

1999. 130 pages. Public release.

P-10 ISBN 1-58566-070-1 $9.00

The Art of Wing Leadership and

Aircrew Morale in Combat

John J. Zentner

Colonel Zentner addresses the role that the Air

Force wing commander plays in affecting the

level of aircrew morale during combat. He

defines aircrew morale and establishes a framework within which aircrew morale can be

assessed in three historical case studies of air

combat. Colonel Zentner answers this question:

Is it possible to identify those characteristics of

leadership that are able to sustain aircrew

morale in the face of significant losses? He concludes that aircrew control over development of

combat tactics was the most important element

affecting morale. Colonel Zentner recommends

that the USAF take steps to modify doctrine and

the professional military education curriculum

to relate these findings to the combat air forces.

2001. 124 pages. Public release.

P-18 ISBN 1-58566-090-6 $10.00

ISSN 1537-3371

33

CADRE PAPERS

Cover, Aerospace Power Journal, Spanish edition, Air University Press, Summer 2002.
AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS

Illustration, Airpower Journal, Air University Press, Winter 1996.
35

FAIRCHILD PAPERS

This is an Air University Press series of substantive essays considered too short

for publication as monographs but too lengthy to be journal articles. The series

is named for Gen Muir S. Fairchild, first commander of Air University and widely

regarded as its conceptual father. Papers in the current series are available electronically at the AU Press Web site http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil and the Air

University Research Web site http://research.maxwell.af.mil.

The Vital Link: The Tanker’s Role

in Winning America’s Wars

David M. Cohen

This paper focuses on the unique and vital capabilities of the US Air Force’s KC-135 tanker fleet.

It analyzes historic and current tanker usage,

tanker operational employment, and the capability of today’s tanker fleet, with emphasis on

force structure and force management. In light

of decreasing budget, aging airframes, increased

downtime for maintenance, and an explosion in

the operations tempo, this paper proposes a

four-pronged methodology addressing tanker

vision, organization, training, and employment,

as the correction needed to get the KC-135

weapon system back on centerline. This will

allow the tanker to effectively aid the Air Force in

successfully deterring conflict and if needed,

quickly win the nation’s future wars.

2001. 67 pages. Public release.

P-16 ISBN 1-58566-088-4 $6.50

Endgame in the Pacific: Complexity,

Strategy, and the B-29

G. Scott Gorman

Maj Gorman examines the problems encountered by XX and XXI Bomber Commands in

employing the B-29 against Japan, initially from

India and China, later from the Marianas. The

technologically advanced bomber was expected

to be the technological solution to attacking

Japan across long distances. XX and XXI commands, however, found that employing the big

bomber was not as simple as planners had

hoped. Their problems included technological

malfunctions, doctrinal shortcomings, and

unintended consequences.

2000. 80 pages. Public release.

P-7 ISBN 1-58566-075-2 $5.50

Air Mobility: The Key to

the United States National

Security Strategy

Richard J. Hazdra

Major Hazdra examines the current force

structure of Air Mobility Command (AMC)

based on a model for two major theater wars.

AMC’s force structure is crucial for the United

States to implement its national security strategy. Major Hazdra’s study centers on the question: Can a force structure based on the possibility of fighting two major theater wars satisfy

the requirements for steady-state operations?

He examines three corollary issues: air mobility as a form of airpower that enables the military instrument of power in two basic ways,

requirements placed on mobility air forces,

and the structure of mobility air forces and the

effectiveness of that structure. Major Hazdra

recommends the Air Force should allocate

resources to create a force structure for AMC

that can achieve national objectives.

2001. 138 pages. Public release.

P-19 ISBN 1-58566-095-7 $11.00

ISSN 1528-2325

War from above the Clouds:

B-52 Operations during the

Second Indochina War and

the Effects of the Air War

on Theory and Doctrine

William P. Head

Dr. Head examines B-52 operations in

Vietnam and how the air war affected airpower

doctrine and theory. He examines the evolution of this awesome-manned strategic weapon

in Vietnam to see how the structure of the B52’s originally intended mission altered—if at

all—the theories of airpower first put forward

by Giulio Douhet and William “Billy” Mitchell.

Dr. Head analyzes how this same operational

alteration affected official USAF doctrine first

formulated by Army Air Corps and Army Air
Forces leaders before and during World War II,

later modified in the 1950s after the USAF

became a separate service. Dr. Head contends

that the lack of a definitive test for the theory

that airpower decisively affects the outcome of

war continued during the Vietnam or Second

Indochina War.

2002. 146 pages. Public release.

P-23 ISBN 1-58566-107-4 $13.00

ISSN 1528-2325

Expeditionary Air

Operations in Africa:

Challenges and Solutions

Karen U. Kwiatkowski

Colonel Kwiatkowski details air operations

challenges in Africa, and she discusses how

the USAF currently meets or avoids these

challenges. She contends that Africa is like the

“western frontier” of America’s history—undeveloped, brimming with opportunity as well as

danger, and that it is a place where standard

assumptions often do not apply. A portion of

Colonel Kwiatkowski’s study is dedicated to

illustrating how USAF air transport is really

done in Africa on a daily basis. She recommends ways to improve our ability to conduct

expeditionary air operations on the continent.

2001. 145 pages. Public release.

P-21 ISBN 1-58566-100-7 $13.00

ISSN 1528-2325

Military Resistance to

Humanitarian War in Kosovo and

Beyond: An Ideological Explanation

Kenneth R. Rizer

Major Rizer explains why the Pentagon

opposed war in Kosovo and why it will likely

oppose future such humanitarian wars. He

further explains how the joint chief’s resistance to intervening militarily in Kosovo was

based on the US military’s worldview. This

paper shows that the US military holds an

institutional philosophy of conservative realism. Major Rizer concludes that this military

philosophy is unlikely to change in the short

term, that it will continue to strain relations

with liberal administrations, and that it ultimately helps prevent cavalier uses of American

military power.

2000. 64 pages. Public release.

P-15 ISBN 1-58566-086-8 $5.50

Ten Propositions Regarding

Spacepower

M. V. Smith

As political and military leaders ponder the

future of space operations, the time has come

to frame propositions regarding space power.

Specifically, the author seeks to answer the

question, “What is the nature of space power?”

Two points come immediately to the forefront

of this work. First, space power is different

from airpower even though both share the vertical dimension of warfare. Second, space

operations have matured to a point wherein

valid and unique propositions regarding space

power are identifiable. The objective of this

work is to stimulate discussions and encourage those who do not yet understand or appreciate the nature of space power in modern

warfare.

2002. 156 pages. Public release.

P-28 ISBN 1-58566-113-9 Price

ISSN 1528-2325 unavailable

Employee Warriors and the

Future of the American

Fighting Force

Hugh S. Vest

The rapid expansion of social democracy and

technology has drawn the military closer to

civilian society. Major Vest takes a practical

and conceptual look at some of the deep cultural patterns of change within today’s military society and he highlights the need to continue the dialogue on shaping the military

culture of tomorrow’s cyber warriors. He questions whether the modern occupational military can consistently fulfill the demands of soldiers in the twenty-first century, or whether it

is adversely affecting the development of the

heroic leaders and followers we need for future

military endeavors.

2002. 82 pages. Public release.

P-22 ISBN 1-58566-105-8 $7.50

ISSN 1528-2325

36

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
Whither Space Power?

Forging a Strategy for the

New Century

Simon P. Worden and John E. Shaw

The influence of space power pervades almost

every sphere and level of human existence,

from politics to military affairs to commercial

activities to cultural mind-sets. Yet there is little to be found today in the way of coherent

space power doctrine and strategy, particularly in national security circles. To what

extent do our national interests rely on space?

How shall we defend our interests in space

and how shall we deny our adversaries the

benefits of space power in time of conflict?

How can we control and exploit the space environment? How can we effectively wield space

power against the full spectrum of threats—

from the lone terrorist to global peer competitors? What should be our long-range strategy

and objectives if our goal is to achieve and

maintain long-term space superiority? The

purpose of this paper is two fold: first, to illuminate the historical and ever-increasing

importance of space in modern society; and

second, to prescribe, in view of this importance, the foundations of a strategy for achieving lasting space superiority and ensuring

national and world security.

2002. 166 pages. Public release.

P-26 ISBN 1-58566-111-2 $14.00

ISSN 1528-2325

37

FAIRCHILD PAPERS

Illustration, Aerospace Power Journal, Spanish edition, Air University Press, Summer 2001.
Cover, American Airpower Comes of Age, General Henry H. “Hap” Arnold’s World War II Diaries, Air University Press, 2002.
39

RESEARCH REPORTS

These reports are special research studies on issues and problems of particular

interest to Air Force commands and agencies. The authors were assigned on a

temporary basis from MAJCOMs to CADRE’s Airpower Research Institute. This

program ended in 1994.

Making Operational Support

Airlift Ready for War

David D. Dyche

Colonel Dyche defines operational support airlift’s (OSA) wartime roles and missions. He

traces OSA’s roots from World War I up to consolidation under the Military Airlift Command in

1975. He discusses organizational changes over

the past 20 years. How should OSA be organized, trained, and equipped in peacetime to

meet its wartime mission? Answering that question is central to Colonel Dyche’s study. He recommends reorganization, better training, new

mentality, modern equipment, and a new

name—combat operations support airlift

(COSA). Colonel Dyche argues the need for Air

Force OSA to change soon. If the proposed

changes are made in peacetime today, COSA will

be ready for war. 

1995. 255 pages. Public release.

R-11 $20.00

Total Force Policy and

the FIGHTER FORCE

Daniel L. Gladman

Colonel Gladman reviews the evolution of the

Department of Defense’s total force concept and

the historical role that reserve forces have had in

meeting national security requirements. He discusses legislation and political influences that

affect the debate over the role of active, reserve,

and guard forces in the total fighter mix. Colonel

Gladman concludes that the limits of airpower

in the twenty-first century may be defined by

our ability to find innovative solutions to age-old

problems.

1995. 66 pages. Public release.

R-1 $5.50 

Command and Control Warfare:

Putting Another Tool in the

War-Fighter’s Data Base

Norman B. Hutcherson

Colonel Hutcherson argues that the US armed

forces must develop a strategic mix for decision

makers at each level of war that provides the

information they need, at the time and place

they want it, and in a format they can use. He

describes the background and development of

command and control warfare (C2

W) and points

out its importance on and off the battlefield.

Colonel Hutcherson looks at operations security, electronic warfare, physical destruction,

psychological operations, and military deception

and warns the war fighter against relying solely

on the present C2

W construct of only these five

pillars. He recommends that as new techniques

or capabilities are developed and perfected, they

should also be added to keep command and

control warfare a viable warrior’s tool.

1994. 82 pages. Public release.

R-28 $7.00

Grand Strategy for Information

Age National Security: Information

Assurance for the Twenty-first

Century

Kevin J. Kennedy, Bruce M. Lawlor,

and Arne J. Nelson

The authors define grand strategy as the art and

science of developing and using the political and

economic powers of a nation, together with its

armed forces, during peace and war, to further

national interests, priorities, and policies.

Military strategy is a subset of grand strategy.

The authors believe that a reexamination of

grand strategy is essential in the Information

Age because future enemies are likely to avoid

attacking US defense forces directly. Instead

they will focus on undermining US national will

to fight by exploiting its reliance on information

systems, present to technological vulnerability

and democratic methods of governing. The

authors offer specific recommendations for coping with Information Age threats to our national

security.

1997. 100 pages. Public release.

R-30 $8.00
40

Teaching Excellence:

Methodologies to Assess

Teaching Effectiveness

Steven G. Webb

Major Webb examines the issues associated

with assessing the networked classroom system at the US Air Force Academy. He reviews

and compares teaching technologies and

styles. Major Webb proposes guidelines and

outlines principles to follow in developing a

method to evaluate the effectivness of innovative education technologies at the Air Force

Academy. He uses the undergraduate engineering course as a case study.

1994. 172 pages. Public release.

R-9 $15.00

Illustration, Airpower Journal, Air University Press, Fall 1997.

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS
41

These student theses are selected for publication from among those submitted

to the faculty of the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (SAASS), Maxwell

AFB, Alabama, as one of the requirements for completion of a masters degree in

air and space power art and science. Both published and unpublished SAASS

theses are available electronically at http://aupress.af.mil/SAAS_Theses.htm.

S AASS THESES

Effects-Based Targeting:

Another Empty Promise?

T. W. Beagle Jr.

Major Beagle sets out to determine how effectively the USAF has incorporated the concept of

effects-based operations into its procedures for

targeting and combat assessment. He analyzes

that concept and a variety of taxonomies with

which to consider. Major Beagle reviews the

ideas of nine theorists, which reveal that

effects-related theory has existed at least as

long as airpower theory. He examines how well

effects-based operations were planned and executed in four case studies—Operations

Pointblank, Linebacker II, Desert Storm, and

Allied Force—that occurred between the early

1940s and 2000. Major Beagle concludes by

stating that the USAF should “do some hard

thinking” about past performance and specific

future woes.

2001. 112 pages. Public release.

T-27 $15.00

Bombs over Bosnia:

The Role of Airpower in

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Michael O. Beale

Major Beale examines the role operations Deny

Flight and Deliberate Force played in achieving

a peaceful settlement to ethnic conflict in

Bosnia-Herzegovina in the early 1990s. To help

the reader understand the role Deny Flight and

Deliberate Force played in getting a peace

agreement signed, the author explains the political and historical context of the war in BosniaHerzegovina. While Deny Flight was generally

ineffective in its mission, Deliberate Force was,

in the words of US Secretary of Defense William

Perry, “the absolutely crucial step in bringing

the warring parties to the negotiating table at

Dayton, leading to the peace agreement.”

1997. 71 pages. Public release.

T-13 $6.00

An Enduring Framework for

Assessing the Contributions

of Force Structure to a

Coercive Strategy

Eric A. Beene

DOD is still struggling to define itself in the

post-cold war age—more than a decade after

the new period began. With a strategy and

force structure review occurring on average

every two years, the military has still not been

able to generate a consistent basis on which to

justify its force structure or its strategy.

Colonel Beene uses a decision analysis framework as a foundation for creating such a basis.

Instead of depending on leadership for guidance, which changes with destabilizing regularity, he relies on the theories of coercion that

began in the cold war era. Colonel Beene contends that these theories have particular value

today, especially in light of the many innovations the nation has undertaken in the past

decade. Modified and translated for modern

conventional warfare, these theories form the

basis for a framework of enduring requirements for any military force that undertakes a

coercive strategy. Colonel Beene develops this

framework to the operational level of analysis,

and it is applied to two developmental air platforms, the Global Hawk Endurance

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and the Unmanned

Combat Air Vehicle. He describes how this

analysis tool compares to other tools of strategy and force structure assessment. Colonel

Beene recommends the framework’s continued

use and development.

2002. 90 pages. Public release.

T-23 $13.00

Bedding Down with C-O-T-S:

Leveraging Commercial Industry to

Solve the Strategic Airlift

Christopher J. Bence

Major Bence examines the feasibility for USAF

to obtain and field a commercial off-the-shelf

(COTS) cargo aircraft in order to meet the current and future airlift requirements of the

United States. He discusses the current
AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS

42

capacity, the three types of cargo, and the total

force structure of the USAF. Major Bence

offers five alternatives, including COTS––each

embraces benefits and drawbacks––to increase

airlift capacity.

2000. 80 pages. Public release.

T-7 $9.50

Transport Bombers:

A Conceptual Shift in PrecisionGuided Munitions Delivery

Bryan J. Benson

In this study Major Benson addresses the

shortfall in bomber and transport capabilities

necessary to execute the two major regional

contingencies called for in the president’s

national security strategy. He examines in

depth the development of transport bombers

as one option in the search for a solution to

this shortfall. Major Benson focuses on operational utility, technological assessment, and

budgetary and operational considerations

involved with the transport-bomber option.

1996. 56 pages. Public release.

T-4 $6.00

Lifeline from the Sky: The

Doctrinal Implications of

Supplying an Enclave from

the Air

John Steven Brunhaver

Major Brunhaver seeks to answer the question, what are the doctrinal imperatives of

providing effective airlift support to enclaves?

He states that doctrinal imperatives are those

necessary and sufficient propositions that

describe the optimal way to employ airlift

forces in support of an enclave. This paper

attempts to determine the best way to conduct airlift operations to support enclaves.

Major Brunhaver’s primary conclusion is that

four fundamental factors influence airlift

operations: requirement to capability ratio,

threat, support infrastructure, and weather.

2002. 66 pages. Public release.

T-2 $9.00

Aerospace Doctrine Matures

through a Storm: An Analysis of

the New Air Force Manual 1-1

Kurt A. Cichowski

Colonel Cichowski analyzes the March 1992

Air Force Manual (AFM) 1-1, Basic Aerospace

Doctrine of the United States Air Force. He

traces the heritage of aerospace power and

examines the history and theory behind the

evolution of Air Force doctrine. He investigates material relating to the history of aerospace doctrine and aerospace performance in

Desert Storm. Colonel Cichowski concludes

that while it is weak on some points, the new

version provides a sound doctrinal basis for

the development of joint aerospace doctrine.

1993. 68 pages. Public release.

T-10 $5.50

Keeping the Peace: Regional

Organizations and Peacekeeping

John S. Clark Jr.

Major Clark examines two peacekeeping operations: the Organization of American States

(OAS) intervention in the Dominican Republic

in 1965, including its involvement in the

Central American peace process in the late

1980s and the Economic Community of West

African States intervention in Liberia in 1990

to the present. He states that the OAS participation in the Central American peace process,

in conjunction with the United Nations (UN),

demonstrates what can be accomplished when

the conditions for peace are facilitated by

peacekeepers. Major Clark indicates that perhaps the single-minded focus on the UN as the

vehicle for peaceful resolution of conflict may

have caused the international community to

overlook the potential of regional organizations. He submits that regionals are not the

right vehicle for peacekeeping in every situation. But Major Clark recommends that

Department of Defense and other US agencies

should support and encourage regional organizations to bear more of the peacekeeping

burden, either independently or as a partner

with the UN.

1997. 68 pages. Public release.

T-35 $8.00
43

SAASS THESES

De-Ranged: Global Power

and Air Mobility for the

New Millennium

Robert A. Colella

Colonel Colella examines global power from its

origins as Strategic Air Command built a fleet

of bombers and tankers to meet the needs of

the global nuclear-deterrent policy of the Cold

War. He traces this evolution through the

studies and commissions of the 1990s established to determine the force structure for the

twenty-first century. Next, he establishes

assumptions made to develop a force focused

on expeditionary short-range airpower to project global power, and then Colonel Colella

evaluates four case studies—Operation Nickel

Grass, Vulcan Black Buck missions, Operation

Eldorado Canyon, and Operation Desert

Strike—in the application of airpower over

long range. The studies are used to provide

evidence to support and refute the assumptions made during the 1990s to model the

USAF force structure around short-range

expeditionary forces with the intention of forward deploying them in a crisis. Colonel

Colella offers recommendations for methods to

equip those future forces with a sturdy inflight refueling force capable of supporting

long-range missions free from the entanglements of foreign support and reliance on forward basing.

2002. 102 pages. Public release.

T-17 $14.00

A Matter of Trust: Close Air

Support Apportionment and

Allocation for Operational

Level Effects

Peter A. Costello III

Major Costello reviews the history of close air

support (CAS) since World War II to show how it

has been apportioned and allocated in the past.

He examines the current joint air operations

process and two theories of the use of CAS at the

operational level. He observes that the current

system, rooted in its historical past, does not

fully employ CAS to its optimum potential.

However, his theory is that CAS should be used

to isolate and demoralize the enemy. Major

Costello recommends changes to the view of

CAS and the process for its apportionment and

allocation. Its application should be coordinated

beginning at the operational level and down to

the tactical, not vice versa.

1997. 80 pages. Public release.

T-34 $6.50

Information Warfare: An

Air Force Policy for the Role of

Public Affairs

Robin K. Crumm

This paper shows how the conduct of military

operations in the Information Age demands

new strategies, new tactics, and new ways of

thinking. It raises moral and ethical issues

regarding the relationship between the military, the media, and the American public; and

it explores the relationship between Information Warfare (IW) and Public Affairs (PA). Three

possible options emerge regarding the IW roles

PA might adopt. Option One––a “Hands Off

Policy”––seeks to avoid any association with

IW and represents the current PA approach.

Option Two upholds the primary of truth and

acknowledges the active role PA must take in

IW. Option Three suggests PA abandon its policy to tell the truth and actively engage in all

IW activities.

2001. 58 pages. Public release.

T-37 $7.50

Hale’s Handful . . . Up from

the Ashes: The Forging of

the Seventh Air Force from

the Ashes of Pearl Harbor to the

Triumph of VJ-day

Peter S. H. Ellis

Major Ellis analyzes the evolution of Seventh

Air Force’s joint command and control relationships as well as the development of joint

operational procedures and doctrine in the

Central Pacific during World War II. In

approaching this subject, he proceeds chronologically, outlining the major campaigns of the

drive through the Central Pacific. Within the

campaigns, Major Ellis addresses joint planning, preparation and support issues, bombing and strike challenges, and developments

in close air support of the amphibious operations. He focuses especially on joint leadership

interactions—was it all about personalities?

He argues that despite Navy dominance of the

Central Pacific, this theater represents the
AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS

44

only theater in which the Navy, the Army, the

Army Air Corps, and the Marines all played

major, vital roles in the combat that won the

island-hopping campaign in World War II.

Major Ellis shows how the challenges and

lessons of the Seventh Air Force in World War

II are clearly applicable to contemporary airmen.

2002. 94 pages. Public release.

T-18 $13.00

John Boyd and John Warden:

Air Power’s Quest for Strategic

Paralysis

David S. Fadok

Colonels John Boyd and John Warden have

contributed to the evolution of airpower theory

through their respective works on strategic

paralysis. Boyd’s thoughts on strategic paralysis are process-oriented and aim at psychological incapacitation. He speaks of folding an opponent back inside himself by operating inside his

observation-orientation-decision-action loop.

His theory of conflict is Clausewitzian, emphasizing the mental and moral spheres of conflict, and he considers it important to teach the

genius of war. Major Fadok describes Warden’s

theory as form-oriented and aiming at physical

paralysis. This theory is Jominian in the sense

that it is important to teach warriors how to

act—that is, to teach the principles of war. Major

Fadok concludes that strategic paralysis theory

has moved from an early emphasis on targeting

war-supporting industry to a current emphasis

on war-supporting command to a future

emphasis on war-supporting information.

1995. 56 pages. Public release.

T-29 $5.50

The Moral Domain of War:

A View from the Cockpit

Walter Anthony Grady Jr.

Major Grady uses original research obtained

from surveys completed by F-105 pilots that

focus on the Vietnam War in an attempt to

analytically determine the moral domain of

war factors that enable a pilot to fly in combat.

He states that the moral domain consists of

the motivation forces originating from within a

person’s heart and soul and views motivation

in war from the pilot’s perspective. This

emphasis shift gives insights that indicate a

fundamentally different set of motivation factors operating on the pilot than generally

assumed from projecting ground-combatant

motivation factors on airmen. Major Grady

argues further that the combat motivation factors affecting pilot behavior in combat adhere

to a pattern emanating from the moral domain

of war. Major Grady believes this process will

allow the United States to maintain vigilance

over likely threats to our national interest,

thus allowing us to keep our superior capabilities by continually analyzing the threat. With

the long lead times for fielding new weapon

systems and the complex task of developing

new processes, he concludes that this important effort should help to minimize surprises

and enhance cooperation between coalition

forces.

2002. 96 pages. Public release.

T-1 $13.00

Seeking Shadows in the

Sky: The Strategy of Air

Guerrilla Warfare

Patricia D. Hoffman

Major Hoffman analyzes the feasibility of guerrilla warfare as the basis for a strategy of airpower employment for a weak air force confronting an opponent with a stronger air force.

She compares the ground combat environment of the traditional guerrilla with the airpower environment of the potential air guerrilla. Major Hoffman focuses on the weak

force’s air platforms because it appears that

aircraft employment is the more difficult problem to solve. She concludes that air guerrilla

warfare is a credible threat to a stronger opponent. Major Hoffman recommends that the

United States reexamine its conflict intervention strategy and reinforce its peacetime

engagement posture.

2001. 70 pages. Public release.

T-20 $9.00

The Counterair Companion:

A Short Guide to Air Superiority

for Joint Force Commanders

James M. Holmes

Air Supremacy has provided our surface, sea,

and air forces the freedom to operate without

fear of significant enemy surveillance or inter-
45

SAASS THESES

ference. With air supremacy, nothing is impossible. Major Holmes analyzes service and joint

counterair doctrine, examines the counterair

strategy process, discusses counterair force

options, describes current interservice issues

and uses service visions of war to show why

counterair forces will continue to play a critical

role in American joint operations. Integrating

services will require a common counterair doctrine, a timely modernization plan that stresses

service capability and joint compatibility, and

continuous joint training. The success of this

integration process will also depend on how well

joint force commanders understand and direct

the counterair process.

1995. 76 pages. Public release.

T-32 $7.00

United States Air Force

Precision Engagement

against Mobile Targets: 

Is Man In or Out?

Keith J. Kosan

Major Kosan discusses the deficiency in the

US Air Force’s ability to precisely attack

mobile targets at standoff ranges with minimal

collateral damage as revealed by recent airpower operations. He addresses the technological as well as international, national, and military strategic environmental issues that may

affect technology. Major Kosan focuses on

USAF munition precision engagement capabilities; thus, he does not perform an in-depth

analysis of aerial platform precision engagement capabilities. He focuses on only USAF’s

research, development, and acquisition strategy in regards to precision conventional strike

capabilities against mobile targets. Major

Kosan projects that future airpower operations

will be executed in politically sensitive strategic environments and will require the ability to

precisely destroy mobile targets that may have

been strategically placed by an adversary in

areas with a high risk of collateral damage.

2001. 90 pages. Public release.

T-45 $12.00

Sustained Coercive Air Presence

(SCAP): Provide Comfort, Deny

Flight, and the Future of Airpower

in Peace Enforcement

George D. Kramlinger

Major Kramlinger examines the theoretical,

historical, operational, and technological

aspects of SCAP and illustrates how air operations over Iraq and Bosnia demonstrated the

problems associated with a long-term air presence and suggest the need for doctrine that

adapts combat airpower to the SCAP mission.

He focuses on the determination of the mechanisms, strengths, and limitations of how combat airpower can persuade determined belligerents to stop fighting and then maintain a

secure environment to facilitate the continuing

diplomatic process.

2000. 78 pages. Public release.

T-26 $8.50

Expendable Remotely Piloted

Vehicles for Strategic Offensive

Airpower Roles

Dennis Larm

Major Larm examines the feasibility of developing expendable remotely piloted vehicles (RPV)

and explores future concepts of conventional US

offensive airpower roles. He outlines the historical base of the larger category of unmanned aerial vehicles. Major Larm does not propose to

take the pilot out of the cockpit, but he examines the concept of taking the cockpit out of the

aircraft. By incorporating the added dimension

of employing one-use vehicles to this concept, he

attempts to reveal representative––though not

all-encompassing––innovative airpower ideas.

Major Larm’s conclusion is that the use of

expendable RPVs for strategic offensive airpower

roles is a viable concept.

2001. 88 pages. Public release.

T-28 $12.00
46

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS

The Transformation Trinity:

A Model for Strategic

Innovation and Its

Application to Space Power

Bruce H. McClintock

Major McClintock develops a generalized

model for United States military transformations in peacetime. He combines observations

made by several historians about recurrent

trends in military strategic innovation. He concludes that, after taking into account

inevitable uncertainty, there are three identifiable factors that occur in most cases of military transformation. Major McClintock provides recommendations about how to apply

the model in the future and possible

approaches to the challenge of strategic innovation with regard to space power.

2002. 90 pages. Public release.

T-39 $13.00

Eliminating the Rhetoric: An

Evaluation of the Halt-Phase

Strategy

Mark C. Nowland

Major Nowland identifies criteria that will provide objective analysis of a halt-phase strategy. He examines air combat in three operations: the Battle of Bismarck Sea, the 1973

Golan Heights battles of the Yom Kippur War,

and the Iraqi Republican Guard escape from

Basra. His study consists of three sections:

assessment of prehostility preparation, examination of actual combat operations, and analysis of the results of the operation. Major

Nowland concludes with three major lessons.

2000. 88 pages. Public release.

T-12 $11.00

Comparative Analysis of

Internal and External

Solutions to Provide Air

Combat Maneuvering

Instrumentation Functionality

Michael T. Panarisi

Major Panarisi summarizes the development of

current and proposed family of Air Combat

Maneuvering Instrumentation (ACMI) systems—considered the gold standard of training mission enhancements—and presents the

capabilities each system provides. He uses the

Kadena Interim Training System as a suitable

case study to compare requirements of current

ACMI features to the capabilities available

using internal components. He contends that

internal systems can be installed long before

the next generation system will be operational.

Thus, Major Panarisi proposes alternatives

that offer the potential to save millions of dollars in operating costs and which allow ACMI

training on every mission independent of

ground-based equipment and external stores.

2001. 92 pages. Public release.

T-30 $12.00

Concepts of Operations for a

Reusable Launch Vehicle

Michael A. Rampino

Major Rampino analyzes the potential value

of reusable launch vehicles (RLV) to the US

military, especially the Air Force. He discusses the factors that affect the development of such vehicles and viable concepts of

operations. Major Rampino recommends

that it is not too early for military air planners to think deeply about the implications

of operational RLVs for war-fighting strategy,

force structure planning, training, and doctrine.

1997. 62 pages. Public release.

T-24 $5.50

Dead on Arrival? The Development

of the Aerospace Concept,

1944–58

Stephen M. Rothstein

Major Rothstein chronologically traces the historical development of the aerospace concept,

from its initial inception in 1944 as it was

embodied in the far-reaching vision of Gen

Henry H. “Hap” Arnold, until its public appearance in 1958. He uncovers reasons why airmen

came to see their primary area of responsibility

differently than the rest of the nation and why

their aerospace concept failed to win bureaucratic support. By tracing the aerospace concept’s technological and intellectual development against a contextual backdrop of

geopolitics, national security strategy, national

space policy, interservice competition, and inter-
47

SAASS THESES

nal tensions within the Air Force, Major

Rothstein offers historical lessons learned for

today’s planners seeking to move the Air Force

toward an aerospace force.

2000. 102 pages. Public release.

T-25 $13.00

A Framework for Military

Decision Making under Risks

James V. Schultz

Colonel Schultz assesses the application of

prospect theory to military decision making.

He compares and contrasts prospect theory

with the expected utility theory and Allison’s

rational actor, organizational process, and

political decision-making models. The author

uses Eisenhower’s decision to execute

Operation Market Garden as a case study to

apply the risk propensity framework. Colonel

Schultz warns that prospect theory does not

predict the choice decision makers will make

but should reveal their tendencies to follow

risk seeking or risk adverse courses of action.

1997. 53 pages. Public release.

T-16 $7.50

Vital Interests, Virtual Threats:

Reconciling International Law with

Information Warfare and United

States Security

Karl J. Shawhan

Major Shawhan examines the history of technology and sovereignty and the advantages and

disadvantages of the International Regime for

Information Security (IRIS) model, which mirrors the sanctuary of a weapons-free outer space

without limiting weapons proliferation. He discusses how the use of computer networks

threatens the traditional understanding of

national sovereignty. He examines how far

advances in technology have outpaced the

intent of the Charter of the United Nations

regarding aggression and armed force. Major

Shawhan proposes reasonable policy steps necessary to support national security in an information age and recommends the use of the IRIS

model for a future international convention on

information warfare.

2000. 74 pages. Public release.

T-14 $9.50

Bombing to Surrender: The

Contribution of Airpower to

the Collapse of Italy, 1943

Philip A. Smith

Major Smith examines the contribution of airpower to the 1943 collapse of Italy. His study is

largely about competing airpower strategies during World War II. He presents his own view of

this 50-year-old debate. Major Smith does not

offer another absolute ruling, nor does he represent a bias toward one form of employing airpower over another, but his study attempts to

document an important exception to the most

current panacea target. He cites several broad

works—Robert A. Pape’s Bombing to Win:

Airpower and Coercion in War, the United States

Strategic Bombing Survey Reports, Ernest R.

May’s “Lessons” of the Past: The Use and Misuse

of History in American Foreign Policy, and

Frederick William Deakin’s The Brutal Friendship: Mussolini, Hitler, and the Fall of Italian

Fascism—to identify examples where the psychological effects of airpower outweighed the

physical damage caused by bombing.

1998. 88 pages. Public release.

T-51 $10.00

Attacking the Theater Mobile

Ballistic-Missile Threat

David E. Snodgrass

Major Snodgrass reviews the performance of US

offensive and defensive systems against Iraq’s

Scuds during Operation Desert Storm in 1991

and examines current US efforts to defeat these

potentially destabilizing weapons. The danger of

third world countries employing theater ballistic

missiles has increased. Reflecting the realities of

the new world order, theater missile defense is

the first priority, and national missile defense is

the second priority. Major Snodgrass covers the

pros and cons of competing concepts to accomplish missile threat. This paper addresses how

best to accomplish attack operations against the

mobile ballistic missiles before they are

launched. Using five basic criteria in his evaluation, he concludes that a multilayered approach,

consisting of attack operations, active defense,

passive defense, and a robust C4

I network,

forms the framework for the most effective

mobile missile defense.

1993. 90 pages Public release.

T-54 $8.50
48

The Quick Response Air

Force: Decisive

Expeditionary Airpower for

the Future?

G. Larry Thompson

Major Thompson examines the question: How

should the US military structure its forces to

provide the National Command Authorities an

on-call, sustainable, and responsive airpower

force worldwide? He provides an in-depth

background; discusses the problem, its importance, related problems, and past attempts at

solutions; and offers a framework to reorganize existing forces into a Quick Response

Airpower Force (QRAF). Major Thompson gives

recommendations for further study, but he

contends that this QRAF concept involves a

force structure that can help by replacing forward presence with a credible continental

United States-based, quick response deterrent

force that can be tailored to the unpredictable

challenges of the future.

2001. 52 pages. Public release.

T-36 $6.50

The Future of NATO’s Tactical

Air Doctrine

Linda E. Torrens

Major Torrens analyzes the impact that expansion and cooperation with the Partnership for

Peace nations will have on NATO’s tactical air

doctrine. The end of the cold war diminishes the

primacy of air superiority as a focus of NATO

doctrine. To integrate former Warsaw Pact countries and military personnel, NATO will need to

overcome the problems presented by nonstandard, outdated Soviet-made military hardware;

ethnic, language, and cultural diversity of the

former Warsaw Pact nations; and deeply

ingrained, Soviet-based military philosophies. A

second major challenge facing NATO is out-ofarea operations. NATO will need to reshape its

doctrine to meet these challenges. 

1997. 47 pages. Public release.

T-21 $7.00

AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS

Illustration, Air and Space Power Journal, Air University Press, Winter 2002.
Cover, The Praetorian STARShip: The Untold Story of Combat Talon, Jerry L. Thigpen, Air University Press, 2001.
50

AUTHOR INDEX

Adams, Chris: 1

Allvin, David W.: 29

Andrews, William F.: 29

Barnett, Jeffery R.: 1

Beagle, T. W., Jr.: 41

Beale, Michael O.: 41

Beene, Eric A.: 41

Belote, Howard D.: 29

Bence, Christopher J.: 41

Benson, Bryan J.: 42

Benton, Jeffrey C.: 1

Bergquist, Ronald E.: 2

Blank, Stephen J., et al.: 2

Bradley, George W., III: 22

Brower, Kenneth S.: 24

Brungess, James R.: 2

Brunhaver, John Steven: 42

Byrd, Martha: 3

Canby, Steven L.: 24

Carter, John R.: 30

Chun, Clayton K. S.: 3, 30

Cichowski, Kurt A.: 42

Cirafici, John L.: 3

Clark, John S., Jr.: 42

Clark, Richard M.: 30

Cohen, David M.: 35

Colella, Robert A.: 43

Costello, Peter A., III: 43

Crumm, Robin K.: 43

Daso, Dik A.: 4

Davis, Richard L.: 4

Dean, David J.: 4 

DeBlois, Bruce M.: 5

Donnini, Frank P.: 4, 5

Drew, Dennis M.: 5, 6, 30

Duffner, Robert W.: 6

Dyche, David D.: 39

Eckert, Richard S.: 22

Ellis, Peter S. H.: 43

Endersby, Gary: 32

Fadok, David S.: 44

Findley, Benjamin F., Jr.: 8

Fischer, William Edward, Jr.: 6

Futrell, Robert Frank: 7

Gilster, Herman L.: 7

Givens, Robert P.: 30

Gladman, Daniel L.: 39

Goldfein, David L.: 8

Goldstein, Frank L.: 8

Gorman, G. Scott: 35

Grady, Walter Anthony, Jr.: 44

Griffith, Charles: 8

Grinter, Lawrence E.: 19

Haas, Michael E.: 9

Hall, Gwendolyn: 21

Hazdra, Richard J.: 35

Head, William P.: 35

Hinman, Ellwood P., IV: 31

Hoffman, Patricia D.: 44

Holmes, James M.: 44

Huston, John W.: 9

Hutcherson, Norman B.: 39

Jelonek, Mark P.: 31

Kennedy, Kevin J.: 39

Kline, John A.: 10

Kosan, Keith J.: 45

Kramlinger, George D.: 45

Kwiatkowski, Karen U.: 36

Lang, Pamela: 17

Larm, Dennis: 45

Laughbaum, R. Kent: 31

Lawlor, Bruce M.: 39

Lester, Gary Robert: 10

Magyar, Karl P.: 11

Mandeles, Mark D.: 12

Mann, Edward C., III: 12, 32

McClintock, Bruce H.: 46

McCrabb, Maris: 11

McLean, Brian W.: 12

Meilinger, Phillip S.: 13

Mets, David R.: 13, 14, 32

Miller, Charles E.: 14

Mitchum, Albert: 11

Mortensen, Daniel R.: 14

Mrozek, Donald J.: 15

Murray, Williamson: 15

Myers, Grover E.: 16

Nelson, Arne J.: 39

Nowland, Mark C.: 46

Orr, George E.: 16

Owen, Robert C.: 16

Panarisi, Michael T.: 46

Paulsen, Richard A.: 17

Pearson, David E.: 17

Petersen, Michael J.: 17

Pfaltzgraff, Robert L., Jr.: 20

Rampino, Michael A.: 46

Reynolds, Richard T.: 18

Rizer, Kenneth R.: 36

Rothstein, Stephen M.: 46

Saltzman, B. Chance: 18

Schneider, Barry R.: 18, 19

Schultz, James V.: 47
51

Searle, Thomas R.: 18, 32

Shaw, John E.: 37

Shawhan, Karl J.: 47

Sherman, William C.: 19

Shultz, Richard H., Jr.: 20

Shwedo, Bradford J.: 32

Skorupa, John A.: 20

Sloan, Stephen: 21

Smith, James M.: 21

Smith, M. V.: 36

Smith, Philip A.: 47

Snodgrass, David E.: 47

Snow, Donald M.: 5, 6

Sokolski, Henry: 21

Spacy, William L., II: 33

Spangler, Stanley E.: 22

Spires, David N., et al.: 22

Stephens, Alan: 22

Sturdevant, Rick W.: 22

Tate, James P.: 23

Terrill, Delbert R., Jr.: 23

Thompson, G. Larry: 48

Tilford, Earl H., Jr.: 23

Timmons, Timothy T.: 24

Torrens, Linda E.: 48

Van Creveld, Martin: 24

Ventresca, Rudolph: 25

Vest, Hugh S.: 36

Vriesenga, Michael P.: 25

Ware, Lewis B.: 11, 25

Warner, Christopher G.: 26

Watts, Barry D.: 26

Webb, Steven G.: 40

Werrell, Kenneth P.: 26, 27

Westenhoff, Charles M.: 27

Whitcomb, Edgar D.: 27

Williams, George K.: 28

Worden, Mike: 28

Worden, Simon P.: 37

Zentner, John J.: 33

Illustration, Aerospace Power Journal, Air University Press, Spring 2000.
52

TITLE INDEX

Aerospace Doctrine Matures through a Storm:

An Analysis of the New Air Force Manual

1-1 (T-10): 42

Aerospace Power: The Case for Indivisible

Application (B-15): 16

Aerospace Power in the Twenty-First Century:

A Basic Primer (B-80): 3

Air Campaign, The: John Warden and the

Classical Airpower Theorists (B-65): 13

Air Force Role in Developing International

Outer Space Law, The (B-69): 23

Air Force Role in Low-Intensity Conflict, The

(B-16): 4

Airhead Operations—Where AMC Delivers:

The Linchpin of Rapid Force Projection (B60): 3

Airlift Doctrine (B-21): 14

Airmen and Air Theory: A Review of the

Sources (B-13): 13

Air Mobility: The Key to the United States

National Security Strategy (P-19): 35

Airpower against an Army: Challenge and

Response in CENTAF’s Duel with the

Republican Guard (P-2): 29

Airpower and Ground Armies: Essays on the

Evolution of Anglo-American Air Doctrine,

1940–1943 (B-50): 14

Air Power and Maneuver Warfare (B-53): 24

Airpower and the Cult of the Offensive (P-3): 30

Air Power and the Ground War in Vietnam:

Ideas and Actions (B-17): 15

Airpower Journal Index, 1987–1996 (B-49): 17

Air War in Southeast Asia, The: Case Studies

of Selected Campaigns (B-52): 7

Air Warfare (B-86): 19

American Airpower Comes of Age: General

Henry H. “Hap” Arnold’s World War II Diaries,

Vol. 1 (B-84) and Vol. 2 (B-85): 9

An Enduring Framework for Assessing the

Contributions of Force Structure to a

Coercive Strategy (T-23): 41

ANZUS in Revision: Changing Defense

Features of Australia and New Zealand in

the Mid-1980s (B-39): 5

Apollo’s Warriors: United States Air Force

Special Operations during the Cold War

(B-37): 9

Archie, Flak, AAA, and SAM: A Short

Operational History of Ground-Based Air

Defense (B-28): 26

Architects of American Air Supremacy: Gen Hap

Arnold and Dr. Theodore von Kármán (B-44):

4

Army and Its Air Corps, The: Army Policy

toward Aviation, 1919–1941 (B-62): 23

Art of Wing Leadership and Aircrew Morale in

Combat, The (P-18): 33

Attacking the Theater Mobile Ballistic-Missile

Threat (T-54): 47

Battlefield of the Future: Twenty-first Century

Warfare Issues (B-64): 19

Beating International Terrorism: An Action

Strategy for Preemption and Punishment

(B-3): 21

Bedding Down with C-O-T-S: Leveraging Commercial Industry to Solve the Strategic

Airlift (T-7): 41

Beyond Horizons: A Half Century of Air Force

Space Leadership (B-63): 22

Beyond the Paths of Heaven: The Emergence

of Space Power Thought (B-70): 5

Biplanes and Bombsights: British Bombers in

World War I (B-68): 28

Bombing to Surrender: The Contribution of

Airpower to the Collapse of Italy, 1943

(T-51): 47

Bombs over Bosnia: The Role of Airpower in

Bosnia-Herzegovina (T-13): 41

Challenge and Response: Anticipating US

Military Security Concerns (B-56): 11

Combat Operations C3

I: Fundamentals and

Interactions (B-82): 16

Command and Control Warfare: Putting

Another Tool in the War-Fighter’s Data Base

(R-28): 39

Commanding an Air Force Squadron (B-9): 24

Comparative Analysis of Internal and External

Solutions to Provide Air Combat Maneuvering

Instrumentation Functionality (T-30): 46

Concepts of Operations for a Reusable Launch

Vehicle (T-24): 46

Conflict, Culture, and History: Regional

Dimensions (B-45): 2

Counterair Companion, The: A Short Guide to

Air Superiority for Joint Force Commanders

(T-32): 44

Dead on Arrival? The Development of the Aerospace Concept, 1944–58 (T-25): 46

Deliberate Force: A Case Study in Effective Air

Campaigning (B-74): 16

De-Ranged: Global Power and Air Mobility for

the New Millennium (T-17): 43

Development of Military Night Aviation to

1919, The (B-66): 6

Development of the B-52 and Jet Propulsion,

The: A Case Study in Organizational

Innovation (B-38): 12

Does the United States Need Space-Based

Weapons? (P-10): 33

Eagle’s Talons, The: The American Experience

at War (B-27): 6

Effects-Based Targeting: Another Empty

Promise? (T-27): 41

Eliminating the Rhetoric: An Evaluation of the

Halt-Phase Strategy (T-12): 46
53

Employee Warriors and the Future of the

American Fighting Force (P-22): 36

Endgame in the Pacific: Complexity, Strategy,

and the B-29 (P-7): 35

Evolution of the Cruise Missile, The (B-6): 27

Expeditionary Air Operations in Africa:

Challenges and Solutions (P-21): 36

Expendable Remotely Piloted Vehicles for

Strategic Offensive Airpower Roles (T-28): 45

Fighting Proliferation: New Concerns for the

Nineties (B-19): 21

Force and Accommodation in World Politics

(B-42): 22

Foundations of U.S. Air Doctrine, The: The

Problem of Friction in War (B-8): 26

Framework for Military Decision Making under

Risks, A (T-16): 47

From the Line in the Sand: Accounts of USAF

Company Grade Officers in Support of

Desert Shield/Desert Storm (B-14): 25

Future of Air Power in the Aftermath of the

Gulf War, The (B-48): 20

Future of NATO’s Tactical Air Doctrine, The

(T-21): 48

Future War: An Assessment of Aerospace

Campaigns in 2010 (B-5): 1

Global Security Concerns: Anticipating the

Twenty-First Century (B-7): 11

Grand Strategy for Information Age National

Security: Information Assurance for the

Twenty-first Century (R-30): 39

Hale’s Handful . . . Up from the Ashes: The

Forging of the Seventh Air Force from the

Ashes of Pearl Harbor to the Triumph of VJday (T-18): 43

Heart of the Storm: The Genesis of the Air

Campaign against Iraq (B-55): 18

Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine: Basic Thinking in

the United States Air Force, 1907–1960,

Vol. I (B-31): 7

Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine: Basic Thinking in

the United States Air Force, 1961–1984,

Vol. II (B-32): 7

Implementing Joint Vision 2010: A Revolution

in Military Affairs for Strategic Air Campaigns (B-67): 26

Information Warfare: An Air Force Policy for

the Role of Public Affairs (T-37): 43

In the Aftermath of War: US Support for

Reconstruction and Nation-Building in

Panama Following Just Cause (B-61): 20

Inside the Cold War: A Cold Warrior’s Reflections

(B-72): 1

Introduction to the United States Air Force (B79): 18

John Boyd and John Warden: Air Power’s

Quest for Strategic Paralysis (T-29): 44

Joint Training for Night Air Warfare (B-46): 12

Keeping the Peace: Regional Organizations

and Peacekeeping (T-35): 42

Kenneth N. Walker: Airpower’s Untempered

Crusader (B-22): 3

Land-Based Air Power in Third World Crises

(B-1): 14

Lifeline from the Sky: The Doctrinal

Implications of Supplying an Enclave from

the Air (T-2): 42

Listening Effectively (B-10): 10

Long Search for a Surgical Strike, The:

Precision Munitions and the Revolution in

Military Affairs (P-20): 32

Low-Intensity Conflict in the Third World (B24): 25

Making Operational Support Airlift Ready for

War (R-11): 39

Making Strategy: An Introduction to National

Security Processes and Problems (B-23): 5

Matter of Trust, A: Close Air Support

Apportionment and Allocation for

Operational Level Effects (T-34): 43

Middle East Security Issues: In the Shadow of

Weapons (B-75): 18

Milestones in Strategic Arms Control, 1945–

2000: United States Air Force Roles and

Outcomes (B-87): 21

Military Air Power: The CADRE Digest of Air

Power Opinions and Thoughts (B-36): 27

Military Resistance to Humanitarian War in

Kosovo and Beyond: An Ideological Explanation (P-15): 36

Moral Domain of War, The: A View from the

Cockpit (T-1): 44

Mosquitoes to Wolves: The Evolution of the

Airborne Forward Air Controller (B-35): 10

XIX Tactical Air Command and ULTRA:

Patton’s Force Enhancers in 1944

Campaign in France (P-17): 32

On Celestial Wings (B-4): 27

Once in a Blue Moon: Airmen in Theater

Command––Lauris Norstad, Albrecht

Kesselring, and Their Relevance to the

Twenty-First Century Air Force (P-12): 29

Organizational Structure for Air National Guard

Tactical Aircraft Maintenance (B-43): 25

Paradigm Lost: Rethinking Theater Airlift to

Support the Army After Next (P-14): 29

Paths of Heaven, The: The Evolution of

Airpower Theory (B-29): 13
54

Politics of Coercion, The: Toward a Theory of

Coercive Airpower for Post-Cold War

Conflict (P-25): 31

Professional Military Education for Air Force

Officers: Comments and Criticisms (B-41): 4

Prolonged Wars: A Post-Nuclear Challenge

(B-59): 11

Psychological Operations: Principles and Case

Studies (B-18): 8

Quest, The: Haywood Hansell and American

Strategic Bombing in World War II (B-73): 8

Quick Response Air Force, The: Decisive

Expeditionary Airpower for the Future?

(T-36): 48

Rise of the Fighter Generals: The Problem of

Air Force Leadership, 1945–1982 (B-51): 28

Role of Airpower in the Iran-Iraq War, The

(B-25): 2

Role of US Nuclear Weapons in the Post-Cold

War Era, The (B-58): 17

Rolling Thunder 1965: Anatomy of a Failure

(P-1): 30

Science and Technology: The Making of the Air

Force Research Laboratory (B-77): 6

Seeking Shadows in the Sky: The Strategy of

Air Guerrilla Warfare (T-20): 44

Self-Protective Measures to Enhance Airlift

Operations in Hostile Environments (B-30):

20

Setting the Context: Suppression of Enemy Air

Defenses and Joint War Fighting in an

Uncertain World (B-54): 2

Setup: What the Air Force Did in Vietnam and

Why (B-40): 23

Sharing Success––Owning Failure: Preparing

to Command in the Twenty-First Century

Air Force (B-81): 8

Shooting Down a “Star”: Program 437, the US

Nuclear ASAT System and Present-Day

Copycat Killers (P-8): 30

Speaking Effectively: A Guide for Air Force

Speakers (B-33): 10

Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe, 1933–1945

(B-12): 15

Sustained Coercive Air Presence (SCAP): Provide Comfort, Deny Flight, and the Future of

Airpower in Peace Enforcement (T-26): 45

Synchronizing Airpower and Firepower in the

Deep Battle (P-6): 31

Teaching Excellence: Methodologies to Assess

Teaching Effectiveness (R-9): 40

Ten Propositions Regarding Spacepower

(P-28): 36

They Served Here: Thirty-Three Maxwell Men

(B-71): 1

Thinking Effects: Effects-Based Methodology

for Joint Operations (P-27): 32

Thunder and Lightning: Desert Storm and the

Airpower Debates (B-2): 12

Total Force Policy and the FIGHTER FORCE

(R-1): 39

Toward an Air and Space Force: Naval Aviation

and the Implication for Space Power (P-11):

31

Transformation Trinity, The: A Model for

Strategic Innovation and Its Application to

Space Power (T-39): 46

Transport Bombers: A Conceptual Shift in

Precision-Guided Munitions Delivery (T-4): 42

Turning the Vertical Flank: Airpower as a

Maneuver Force in the Theater Campaign

(P-24): 30

Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles: Airpower

by the People, For the People, But Not with

the People (P-13): 30

United States Air Force Precision Engagement

against Mobile Targets: Is Man In or Out?

(T-45): 45

United States Strategic Bombing Surveys, The

(B-20): 24

US Air Force After Vietnam, The: Postwar

Challenges and Potential for Responses

(B-26): 15

Vital Interests, Virtual Threats: Reconciling International Law with Information Warfare

and United States Security (T-14): 47

Vital Link, The: The Tanker’s Role in Winning

America’s Wars (P-16): 35

War from above the Clouds: B-52 Operations

during the Second Indochina War and the

Effects of the Air War on Theory and

Doctrine (P-23): 35

War in the Air, 1914–1994, The (B-78): 22

Whither Space Power? Forging a Strategy for

the New Century (P-26): 37

World Wide Military Command and Control

System, The: Evolution and Effectiveness

(B-76): 17
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