(Adopted: 10/03/80; Amended: 02/01/85; Amended: 05/05/89; 

Amended: 02/02/90; Amended: 03/02/90; Amended: 05/06/90; 

Amended: 06/01/90; Amended: 11/02/90; Amended: 12/07/90; 

Amended: 08/02/91; Amended: 03/06/92; Amended: 07/09/93; 

Amended: 09/08/95; Amended: 03/08/96; Amended: 11/19/13) 

AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-1 

Graphic Arts 

RULE 1130 

Graphic Arts 

(A) General 

(1) Purpose 

(a) To reduce emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from 

Graphic Arts Printing Operations and Digital Printing Operations, and 

Paper, Film, Foil or Fabric Coating Operations. 

(2) Applicability 

(a) This rule is applicable to any Graphic Arts Printing Operations, Digital 

Printing Operations, Paper, Film, Foil or Fabric Coating Operations and to 

the Solvent Cleaning materials and processes associated with such 

operations in the District. 

(b) The drying and curing processes applicable to Paper, Film, Foil or Fabric 

Operations include, but are not limited to, heated, forced-air dried, and 

non-heated processes. 

(c) This rule is applicable to any person who solicits, specifies or 

manufactures any Ink, Coating or Adhesive containing VOC which is 

sold, offered for sale, or supplied for use in Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, 

Foil and Fabric Coating Operations in the District.

(d) This rule does not apply to screen printing operations subject to the 

provisions of Rule 1130.1 – Screen Printing. 

(e) This Rule does not apply to the application of coatings to any plastic, 

rubber or glass products subject to the provisions of Rule 1145 – Plastic, 

Rubber and Glass Coatings. 

(B) Definitions 

For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) “Adhesive” – A material that is applied for the primary purpose of bonding two 

surfaces together by surface attachment. Adhesives may be used to facilitate the 

attachment of two surfaces or substances in varying degrees of permanence. 
1130-2 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

(2) “Aerosol Coating Product” – A pressurized Coating product containing pigments 

or resins that dispenses product ingredients by means of a Propellant, and is 

packaged in a disposable can for hand-held application, or for use in specialized 

equipment for ground traffic/marking applications. 

(3) “Application Equipment” – A device, including, but not limited to, a spray gun, 

brush, roller, and a Printing press, used to apply Adhesives, Coatings or Inks. 

(4) “Application Process” – Any process where surface Coatings are applied and/or 

cured to Paper, Fabric, Foil and/or Film on a Coating Line. Such Coating Line 

shall include coating applicators, heating or drying ovens, any dryers, and any 

other equipment where VOC emissions occur.

(5) “Bench Scale Project” – A project (other than at a Research and Development 

Facility) that is operated on a small scale, such as one capable of being located on 

a laboratory bench top. 

(6) “Blanket” – A synthetic rubber mat used to transfer or “offset” an image from a 

Printing plate to paper or other substrate, commonly used in Offset Lithography. 

(7) “Blanket Repair Material” – The material used in Offset Lithographic Printing to 

correct low spots in the press Blanket. 

(8) “Blanket Wash” – A Solvent used to remove Ink from the Blanket of a press. 

(9) “California Air Resources Board (CARB)” – The California State Air Resources 

Board, the Executive Officer of CARB and his or her authorized representative, 

the powers and duties of which are described in Part 2 of Division 26 of the 

California Health & Safety Code (commencing with section 39500).

(10) “Capture Efficiency” – In percent, the ratio of the weight of the VOC in the 

effluent stream entering the Control Device to the weight of VOC emitted from 

Graphic Arts Printing Operations, both measured simultaneously, and can be 

calculated by the following equation: 

×100 















=

e

c

W

W

Capture Efficiency

Where: Wc = weight of VOC entering Control Device 

 We = weight of VOC emitted 

(11) “Coating” – The application of a uniform layer of material across the entire width 

of a substrate. Those machines which have both Coating and Printing units 

should be considered as performing a Printing Operation. Coating applications 

that are not performed in association with a Printing Operation are considered 

Coating Operations and are not Graphic Arts Printing Operations. 
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-3 

Graphic Arts 

(12) “Coating Line” – A series of Coating applicators, flash-off areas, and any 

associated curing/drying equipment between one or more unwind/feed stations 

and one or more rewind/cutting stations. 

(13) “Control Device” – Equipment such as an incinerator or adsorber, or 

cooler/condenser filtration used to prevent air pollutants from being emitted into 

the atmosphere. 

(14) “Control Device Efficiency” – In percent, the ratio of the weight of the VOC 

removed by the Control Device from the effluent stream entering the Control 

Device to the weight of the VOC in the effluent stream entering the Control 

Device, both measured simultaneously, and can be calculated by the following 

equation: 

×100 













 −

=

c

c a

W

W W

Control Device Efficiency

Where: Wc = weight of VOC entering Control Device 

 Wa = weight of VOC discharged from the Control Device 

(15) “Conventional Printing Operations” – Those Printing Operations that utilize 

physical masters, stencils, screens or plates during the Printing process. 

Conventional Printing Operations use technologies including, but not limited to, 

Offset Lithographic, Flexographic, Gravure, and Letterpress Printing. 

(16) “Cured Adhesive, Cured Coating, or Cured Ink” – An Adhesive, Coating, or Ink 

that is dry to the touch. 

(17) “Die Coater (or Slit Coater)” – A type of Application Equipment that coats an 

object by flowing Coatings through a slit directly onto the object moving past the 

slit. 

(18) “Digital Printer” – A Printing device that uses a computer-driven machine to 

transfer an electronic image to a substrate through the use of Inks, toners, or other 

Graphic Arts Materials. Digital Printing technologies include, but are not limited 

to, various forms of Ink-Jet, Thermography, Electrophotography, Ionography, and 

Magnetography. 

(19) “Digital Printing Operation” – Those Printing Operations that do not use a 

physical master, stencils, or plates but use digital data to control the deposition of 

Ink, toner or dye to create images.

(20) “Dip Coater” – A type of Application Equipment that coats objects by 

submerging the object in a vat of Coating, and subsequently withdrawing the 

object and draining off the excess Coating. 

(21) “Doctor Blade” – A steel blade used to scrape excess Ink from a Printing plate or 

inking cylinder.
1130-4 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

(22) “Dryer” – A hot air, high velocity system used to dry Inks on a printed or coated 

substrate. 

(23) “Dye Sublimation” – An imaging process that vaporizes colorant with heat and 

pressure, and deposits it onto a substrate in order to simulate a continuous tone 

image. Dye Sublimation is a Digital Printing technology.

(24) “Electron Beam Ink” – Ink that, when exposed to electron energy, crosslinks or 

solidifies in milliseconds. 

(25) “Electron Charge Deposition Printing” – See Ionography. 

(26) “Electrophotography” – A Digital Printing technology that works by recording an 

image on a drum in the form of an electrostatic charge, which is then transferred 

to the substrate. Electrophotography includes such technologies as laser printers, 

xerography, and Liquid Electrophotography.

(27) “Electrostatic Application” – A method of applying Coating whereby atomized 

paint droplets are charged and subsequently deposited on the substrate by 

electrostatic attraction.

(28) “End-User” – A person who performs Graphic Arts Printing Operations. 

(29) “Exempt Compounds” – A compound identified as exempt in 40 CFR 

51.100(s)(1).

(30) “Fabric Coating” – Any decorative or protective Coating or reinforcing material 

applied on or impregnated into textile fabric, vinyl coated textile fabric, or vinyl 

sheets. 

(31) “Facility” – Any permit unit or grouping of permit units or other air-contaminantemitting activities which are located on one or more contiguous properties within 

the District, in actual physical contact or separated solely by a public roadway or 

other public right-of-way, and are owned or operated by the same person (or by 

persons under common control). Such above-described groupings, if noncontiguous, but connected only by land carrying a pipeline, shall not be 

considered one Facility. 

(32) “Film Coating” – Any Coating applied in a Web Coating process on any film 

substrate other than paper or fabric, including, but not limited to typewriter 

ribbons, photographic film, magnetic tape, and metal foil gift wrap, but excluding 

coatings applied to packaging used exclusively for food and health care products 

for human or animal consumption. 

(33) “Fine Arts Painting” – Any unique visual representation, consisting of paint, Ink, 

or other media, hand applied to a substrate of canvas, wood, paper, metal, or other 

material. 

(34) “Flexible Packaging” – Any package or part of a package, the shape of which can 

readily be changed. Flexible Packaging includes, but is not limited to, bags, 
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-5 

Graphic Arts 

pouches, liners and wraps utilizing paper, plastic, film, aluminum foil, metalized 

or coated paper or film, or any combination of these materials. 

(35) “Flexographic Printing” – The application of words, designs, or pictures to a 

substrate by means of a roll Printing technique in which the pattern is applied to 

an image carrier made of rubber or other elastomeric material. The image to be 

printed is raised above the carrier surface, while the non-image area is not raised.

(36) “Flow Coater” – A Coating application system with no air supplied to the nozzle 

and where paint flows over the part and the excess Coating drains back into the 

collection system. 

(37) “Foam Coater” – A Coating application system that coats an object by flowing 

foam through holes or a slit directly onto the object moving underneath it. 

(38) “Foil Coating” – A Coating applied in a Web Coating process on any foil 

substrate other than paper or fabric, including, but not limited to typewriter 

ribbons, photographic film, magnetic tape, and metal foil gift wrap, but excluding 

Coatings applied to packaging used exclusively for food and health care products 

for human and animal consumption.

(39) “Fountain Solution” – The solution used in Lithographic Printing which is applied 

to the image plate to maintain the hydrophilic properties of the nonimage areas. It 

is primarily water and contains at least one of the following materials: etchants 

such as mineral salts; hydrophilic gums; or VOC additives to reduce the surface 

tension of the solution. 

(40) “Fugitive Emissions” – Uncollected emissions of VOC from any portion of the 

Printing, Coating or Laminating Operation other than from the Dryer. 

(41) “Grams of VOC per Liter of Adhesive, Coating, Ink or Wash Primer, Less Water 

and Less Exempt Compounds (VOC Content)” – The weight of VOC emitted 

during use, Coating, curing or drying per combined volume of VOC and of 

Adhesive, Coating Ink or Wash Primer solids and can be calculated by the 

following equation: 

Grams of VOC per Liter of Coating (or Adhesive, Ink or 

Wash Primer), Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds 

Where: Ws = weight of VOC, in grams 

 Ww = weight of water, in grams 

 Wes = weight of Exempt Compounds, in grams 

 Vm = volume of material, in liters 

 Vw = volume of water, in liters 

 Ves = volume of Exempt Compounds, in liters 

For Coatings that contain Reactive Diluents, the Grams of VOC per Liter of 

Coating (or Ink or Adhesive), Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds, shall be 

calculated by the following equation: 

m w es

s w es

V V V

W W W

− −

− −

=
1130-6 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

Grams of VOC per Liter of Coating, (or Adhesive, Ink or 

Wash Primer) Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds 

Where: Ws = 

weight of VOC evolved during curing and 

analysis, in grams 

 Ww = 

weight of water evolved during curing and 

analysis, in grams 

 Wes = 

weight of Exempt Compounds evolved 

during curing and analysis, in grams 

 Vm = volume of material prior to reaction, in liters 

 Vw = 

volume of water evolved during curing and 

analysis, in liters 

 Ves = 

volume of Exempt Compounds evolved 

during curing and analysis, in liters 

(42) “Grams of VOC per Liter of Material” – The weight of VOC per volume of 

material and can be calculated by the following equation: 

m

s w es

V

W W W

Grams of VOC per Liter of Material − −=

Where: Ws = weight of VOC, in grams 

 Ww = weight of water, in grams 

 Wes = weight of Exempt Compounds, in grams 

 Vm = volume of material, in liters 

(43) “Graphic Arts Coating” – The application of a uniform layer of material across 

the entire width of a substrate. Those machines which perform both Coating and 

Printing should be considered as performing a Printing Operation. For purposes 

of this rule, Digital Printing is not considered a Graphic Arts Coating Operation. 

(44) “Graphic Arts Materials” – Any Adhesives, Coatings or Inks , including added 

Thinners or retarders, used in Printing or related Coating or Laminating processes. 

(45) “Graphic Arts Printing Operations” – Those Operations employing Conventional 

Printing Operations, or any Coating or Laminating process associated with 

Conventional Printing Operations to produce published products and packages. 

Solvent Cleaning Operations performed in order to produce published products 

and packages are considered to be part of Graphic Arts Printing Operations. 

(46) “Gravure Printing” – An Intaglio Printing process in which the Ink is carried in 

minute etched or engraved wells on a roll or cylinder, excess Ink being removed 

from the surface by a Doctor Blade. 

(47) “Hand Application Method” – A method of applying a Coating to a substrate 

using manually held, non-mechanically operated equipment. Such equipment 

includes paint brushes, hand rollers, caulking guns, trowels, spatulas, syringe 

daubers, rags and sponges. 

m w es

s w es

V V V

W W W

− −

− −

=
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-7 

Graphic Arts 

(48) “Heatset Web Ink” – A quick-drying Ink in which the Solvents are vaporized by 

passing the printed surface through a device such as a Dryer or Oven. 

(49) “High-Volume, Low-Pressure (HVLP) Spray Equipment” – Equipment used to 

apply materials by means of a spray gun which is designed and intended to be 

operated, and which is operated, between 0.1 and 10.0 psig of air atomizing 

pressure, measured dynamically at the center of the air cap and the air horns. 

(50) “Ink” – A pigmented and/or dyed liquid or paste used in a Graphic Arts Printing 

Operation typically for Printing, impressing, or transferring an image onto a 

substrate. 

(51) “Ink-Jet” – A Digital Printing technology in which Ink is ejected through 

printheads onto a substrate to create an image.

(52) “Intaglio Printing” – Printing done from a plate or cylinder in which the image is 

sunk below (etched or engraved into) the surface. 

(53) “Ion Deposition Printing” – See Ionography. 

(54) “Ionography” – A Digital Printing technology that utilizes a directed array of ions 

to create a charge on a nonconductive surface to create an image. Ionography can 

also be known as Ion Deposition or Electron Charge Deposition Printing.

(55) “Key System Operating Parameters” – Those parameters necessary to ensure 

compliance with subsection (C)(4), including, but not limited to, temperature, 

pressure drop, and air flow rate. 

(56) “Lamination” – A process of composing two or more layers of material to form a 

single, multiple-layer sheet by using an Adhesive. 

(57) “Letterpress Printing” – A Printing process in which the image area is raised 

relative to the nonimage area and the Ink is transferred to the substrate directly 

from the image surface. 

(58) “Line” – The minimum equipment which is required for the application, drying, 

and/or curing of Inks, UV Inks, and/or Coatings on a substrate, including the Ink 

and/or Coating applicators and drying systems, and associated Ink and Coating 

agitation and delivery systems. 

(59) “Liquid Electrophotography (LEP)” – A Digital Printing technology that records a 

latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive surface, such as a drum or belt. 

The image created by applying toner to the charged areas of the photoconductor is 

electrically transferred to an intermediate surface. In the second transfer process, 

the image is released from the Blanket surface to the final substrate cooling 

rapidly as the substrate passes between the Blanket and the impression drum, 

causing the image to “peel off” the Blanket and be affixed to the substrate. This 

Operation repeats itself on the one Printing station for every color separation in 

the image.
1130-8 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

(60) “Liquid Leak” – A visible Solvent leak from a container at a rate of more than 

three (3) drops per minute, or a visible liquid mist. 

(61) “Lithographic Printing” – A planographic Printing process in which the image 

and nonimage areas are on the same plane and are chemically differentiated. This 

Printing process differs from other Printing processes where the image is typically 

printed from a raised or recessed surface. 

(62) “Magnetography” – A Digital Printing technology whereby an image is printed 

using a magnetic toner, electromagnetic write heads, and magnetic fields on an 

imaging drum.

(63) “Maintenance Cleaning” – A Solvent Cleaning Operation or activity carried out to 

keep tools, machinery, equipment (excluding Adhesive, Coating, or Ink 

Application Equipment) or general work areas in clean and good operational 

condition. 

(64) “Manufacturing Process” – The process of making goods or articles by hand or by 

machine. 

(65) “Matte Finish Ink” – A Specialty Ink which is applied on Non-Porous substrates 

in Flexographic Printing Operations and contains at least five (5) percent by 

weight silicon dioxide flattening agent. 

(66) “Metallic Ink” – A Specialty Ink which is applied on Non-Porous substrates in 

Flexographic Printing Operations which contains at least 28 percent elemental 

metal powder, by weight.

(67) “Non-Absorbent Container” – A container made of Non-Porous material that does 

not allow the migration of Solvents through it.

(68) “Non-Atomized Solvent Flow” – Solvents in the form of a liquid stream without 

the introduction of any Propellant. 

(69) “Non-Heatset Web Ink” – An Ink which dries by oxidation and/or absorption into 

the substrate without use of heat from Dryers or Ovens. 

(70) “Non-Leaking Container” – A container without Liquid Leak. 

(71) “Non-Porous” – Any substrate whose surface prevents penetration by water, 

including but not limited to foil, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, 

metalized polyester, nylon, and polyethylene terephthalate (mylar), paper or 

paperboard coated with Non-Porous surface. Clay coated Printing paper as 

defined by the American Paper Institute Classification System, and paperboard 

coated with clay to prevent water penetration, shall be considered Non-Porous. 

(72) “Offset Lithographic Printing” – A planographic method in which the image and 

non-image areas are on the same plane and where the Ink is transferred from an 

image plate on one cylinder to an image Blanket on a different cylinder. The Ink 

is finally transferred from the image Blanket to the surface to be printed.
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-9 

Graphic Arts 

(73) “On-Press Component” – A part, component, or accessory of a press that is 

cleaned while still being physically attached to the press. 

(74) “Operation” – Any physical action resulting in a change in the location, form, or 

physical properties of a material, or any chemical action resulting in a change in 

the chemical composition or the chemical or physical properties of a material. 

(75) “Operator” – Includes, but is not limited to, any person who owns, leases, 

supervises, or operates a Facility and/or equipment. 

(76) “Oven” – A heating chamber which uses heat, UV radiation, or electron beam 

(EB) radiation to bake, cure, polymerize, or dry a surface Coating.

(77) “Overall Capture and Control Efficiency” – In percent, the ratio of the weight of 

the VOC removed by the emission control system from the effluent stream 

entering the Control Device to the total VOC emitted from Graphic Arts Printing 

Operations, both measured simultaneously, and can be calculated by the following 

equations:

( ) ( )











 ×

=

100

..

Capture Efficiency Control Device Efficiency O C E

(78) “Packaging Gravure” – Gravure Printing on paper, paperboard, foil, film or other 

substrates used to produce containers or packages. 

(79) “Pantone Ink” – An Ink created for color matching by combination of Process 

Inks. 

(80) “Paper Coating” – Any Coating applied on or impregnated into paper, including, 

but not limited to, adhesive tapes and labels, book covers, post cards, office copier 

paper, drafting paper, and pressure sensitive tapes.

(81) “Plastisizer” – A material used to keep plastic material soft and viscous.

(82) “Plastisol” – A Coating that is a liquid dispersion of small particles of resins and 

plastisizers that are fused to become a plastic. 

(83) “Porous” – A substrate whose surface does not prevent penetration by water, 

including but not limited to, paper, paperboard, and any paper product coated with 

a Porous material. 

(84) “Potential to Emit” – The maximum capacity of a stationary source to emit a 

regulated air pollutant based on its physical or operational design. Any physical 

or operational limitation on the capacity of the stationary source to emit a 

pollutant, including air pollution control equipment and restrictions on hours of 

operations or on the type of material combusted, stored, or processed, shall be 

treated as part of the design only if the limitation is federally enforceable. 

(85) “Printing” – In the graphic arts, any operation that imparts color, design, alphabet, 

or numerals on a substrate. 
1130-10 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

(86) “Process Ink” – The hues yellow, magenta, and cyan, plus black used in the fourcolor print process. 

(87) “Proof Press” – A press used only for printing a sample copy of a graphic art 

product to check the quality of print, color reproduction, and editorial content. 

(88) “Propellant” – Any gas, including air, in a pressure container for expelling the 

contents when the pressure is released. 

(89) “Publication Gravure” – Gravure Printing on paper subsequently formed into 

books, magazines, catalogues, brochures, directories, newspaper supplements or 

other types of printed materials not classified as Packaging Gravure. 

(90) “Reactive Diluent” – A liquid which is a VOC during application and one in 

which, through chemical reaction or physical actions, such as adsorption or 

retention in the substrate, 20 percent or more of the VOC becomes an integral part 

of a finished product. 

(91) “Recycled Solvent” – Spent solvent that has been regenerated and which contains 

VOC levels comparable or lower than analogous un-used solvent, is stored in 

non-leaking containers, has documentation verifying the recycling legitimacy 

factors are met, and is pure enough for use in this application. The used solvent 

shall not have been used for cleaning or degreasing.

(92) “Removable Press Component” – A part, component, or accessory of a press that 

is physically attached to the press but is disassembled and removed from the press 

prior to being cleaned. Rollers, Blankets, metering rollers, fountains, impression 

cylinders and plates shall not be considered as Removable Press Components. 

(93) “Repair” – The process of returning a damaged object or an object not operating 

properly to good condition. 

(94) “Research and Development” – A Facility or portion thereof used to further the 

development of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including, but not 

limited to, design, development, and improvement of prototypes and processes. 

Research and Development does not include the Manufacturing Process itself. 

(95) “Roll Coater” – A type of Application Equipment in which a series of mechanical 

rollers form a thin Coating film on the surface of a roller, which is subsequently 

applied to a substrate by moving the substrate underneath the roller. 

(96) “Roller Wash” – A Solvent used to remove Ink from the rollers of a press. 

(97) “Slit Coater” – See Die Coater. 

(98) “Solvent” – Any liquid containing a VOC or combination of VOCs, which is used 

as a diluent, Thinner, dissolver, viscosity reducer, cleaning agent, or for other 

similar uses. 
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-11 

Graphic Arts 

(99) “Solvent Cleaning” – The use of a Solvent to remove loosely held uncured 

Adhesives, uncured Coatings, uncured Inks, and contaminants from the internal 

surfaces and packaging passages of equipment including, but not limited to, dirt, 

soil, and grease from parts, products, tools, machinery, equipment and general 

work areas by flushing Solvent, by a Non-Atomized Solvent Flow, through the 

equipment. 

(100) “Specialty Ink” – An Ink that is applied only on Non-Porous Substrates in 

Flexographic Printing Operations, and is either: 

(a) A Metallic Ink that contains at least 28 percent elemental metallic powder, 

by weight; or 

(b) A Matte Finish Ink containing at least five (5) percent silicon dioxide 

flattening agent, by weight. 

(101) “Sterilization Indicating Inks” – Inks that change color to indicate that 

sterilization has occurred. Such Inks are used to monitor the sterilization of 

medical instruments, autoclave efficiency, and the thermal processing of foods for 

prevention of spoilage. 

(102) “Stripping” – The use of Solvent to remove material such as Cured Adhesives, 

Cured Coatings, Cured Inks, cured or dried paint, cured or dried paint residue or 

temporary protective Coating. 

(103) “Substrate Retention Factor” – A fraction, expressed in percent, of VOCs in 

lithographic Inks which is retained in the substrate when the Inks dry by 

adsorption or absorption. 

(104) “Surface Preparation” – The removal of contaminants from a surface prior to the 

application of Adhesives, Coatings or Inks before proceeding to the next step of a 

Manufacturing Process. 

(105) “Thermography” – A Digital Printing technology that creates an image via a 

chemical reaction that occurs when portions of a thermal-coated substrate are 

subjected to heat. Thermographic technologies include but are not limited to 

thermal wax transfer, multi-bit thermal wax transfer, and Dye Sublimation. 

(106) “Thin Film Ultraviolet (UV) Ink” – A UV Ink for which <0.2 g will cover an area 

of ≥225 cm2 (35 in2), using the following formula:

C = F × A× Dc

Where: 

A = area of substrate, in cm2 (or in2) 

C = amount of Ink added to the substrate, in g 

Dc = density of Ink, in g/cm3 (or g/in3) 

F = manufacturer’s recommended film thickness, in cm (or in) 
1130-12 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

(107) “Thinner” – A Solvent that is used to dilute Coatings or Inks to reduce viscosity, 

color strength, and/or solids, or to modify drying conditions. 

(108) “Transfer Efficiency” – Ratio of the weight or volume of Coating solids adhering 

to an object to the total weight or volume, respectively, of coating solids used in 

the application process expressed as a percentage. 

(109) “Ultraviolet (UV) Ink” – An Ink which dries by polymerization reaction by UV or 

electron beam radiation. 

(110) “United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)” – The United States 

Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator of the USEPA and his or her 

authorized representative. 

(111) “Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)” – Any compound of carbon, excluding 

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, 

and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical 

reactions and those compounds listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s)(1).

(112) “Wash Primer” – A material used to clean and/or to activate surfaces of paper or 

fabric that contains no more than five (5) percent, by weight, solid materials. 

(113) “Waste Solvent Material” – Any Solvent which may contain dirt, oil, metal 

particles, sludge, and/or waste products, or wiping material containing VOCs 

including, but not limited to, paper, cloth, sponge, rag, or cotton swab used in 

Solvent Cleaning. 

(114) “Web” – A continuous sheet of substrate. 

(115) “Web Splicing Adhesive” – An adhesive used to join two (2) continuous rolls of 

substrate material.

(116) “Wipe Cleaning” – A Solvent Cleaning activity performed by hand rubbing an 

absorbent material such as a rag, paper, sponge, brush or cotton swab containing 

Solvent.

(C) Requirements 

(1) VOC Content of Graphic Arts Materials 

An Operator performing a Graphic Arts Printing Operation, not subject to (C)(2) 

or (C)(3), shall not apply any Graphic Arts Material, including any VOCcontaining materials added to the original Graphic Arts Materials supplied by the 

manufacturer, which contains a total VOC in excess of the limits specified in 

Table 1 and Table 2 in accordance with the specified date: 
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-13 

Graphic Arts 

Table 1 

VOC Content Limits for Adhesives, Coatings and Inks

Material Grams of VOC per Liter 

(lb/gal) Less Water and Less 

Exempt Compounds, as 

applied, effective through 

11/30/2014 

Grams of VOC per 

Liter (lb/gal), Less 

Water and Less Exempt 

Compounds, as applied, 

effective on and after 

12/01/2014 

Flexographic Ink on 

Porous Substrates 

n/a 225 (1.88) 

Printing Ink 300 (2.5) 300 (2.5) 

Coating 300 (2.5) 300 (2.5) 

Adhesive 300 (2.5) 150 (1.25) 

Web Splicing 

Adhesive 

n/a 150 (1.25) 

Table 2 

VOC Content Limits for Fountain Solutions 

Fountain Solution 

used in: 

Total Grams of VOC per 

Liter (lb/gal) including any 

VOC containing materials 

added to the original 

Fountain Solution, effective 

through 11/30/2014 

Percent VOC by 

volume, effective on 

and after 12/01/2014 

Heatset Web Offset 

Lithographic Printing 

100 (0.83) 1.6 

Non-Heatset Web 

Offset Lithographic 

Printing 

100 (0.83) 5.0 

Sheet-fed Offset 

Lithographic Printing 

with maximum sheet 

size no greater than 11 

x 17 inches 

100 (0.83) 5.0 

All other presses 100 (0.83) 8.0 

(a) On and after 12/01/2014, an Operator performing Non-Heatset Web Offset 

Lithographic Printing shall use Fountain Solution that is five percent (5%) 

alcohol substitute or less, by weight, and shall have no alcohol in the 

Fountain Solution. 

(2) Flexographic Specialty Ink 

(a) An Operator using a Flexographic Printing Operation shall not use a 

Specialty Ink in excess of the VOC limit in Table 3, and shall not use 

more than two (2) gallons of Specialty Inks in a calendar day and 120 

gallons of Specialty Ink in a calendar year. 
1130-14 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

Table 3 

VOC Content Limits for Flexographic Specialty Ink 

Material Grams of VOC per Liter (lb/gal), Less Water and 

Less Exempt Compounds, as applied, effective on 

and after 12/01/2014 

Metallic Ink 460 (3.8) 

Matte Finish Ink 535 (4.5) 

Metallic Ink and Matte 

Finish Ink on Flexible 

Package Printing 

383 (3.2) 

(b) On and after 12/01/2014, facilities with the Potential to Emit or with 

actual emissions of at least ten (10) tons VOC in any calendar year shall 

not use Specialty Inks with VOC content greater than 300 grams VOC per 

liter, less water and less Exempt Compounds, as applied. 

(3) Paper, Film, Foil or Fabric Coating Operations

(a) An Operator shall not use any Coating in any Paper, Film, Foil or Fabric 

Coating Application Process, with or without Ovens, unless: 

(i) The Coating contains less than 265 Grams of VOC Per Liter (2.2 

lb/gal), Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds, as applied, as 

applied; or 

(ii) VOC emissions are collected and reduced by an approved emission 

control system pursuant to subsection (C)(4). 

(b) An Operator shall not use or apply any Plastisol to any paper, film, foil or 

fabric substrate unless the Coating contains less than 20 Grams of VOC 

Per Liter (0.16 lb/gal), Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds, as 

applied. 

(c) An Operator shall not use any Wash Primer on any paper, film, foil or 

fabric used in any Paper, Fabric, Foil or Fabric Coating Application 

Process, with or without Ovens, unless: 

(i) The Wash Primer contains less than 265 Grams of VOC Per Liter 

(2.2 lb/gal) of Material used; or 

(ii) VOC emissions are collected and reduced by an approved emission 

control system pursuant to subsection (C)(4). 

(4) Approved VOC Emission Control System 

(a) In lieu of the requirements of subsections (C)(1), (C)(2) or (C)(3), 

emissions of VOC may be controlled by an emission capture and control 

system, which reduces emissions of VOCs to the atmosphere, provided 

that: 
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-15 

Graphic Arts 

(i) The VOC emission control system is approved by the APCO. 

(ii) During continuous operation, not to exceed 24 hours, the VOC 

emission control system shall have a minimum Overall Capture 

and Control Efficiency as specified in Table 4, in accordance with 

the corresponding effective date. 

(iii) The collection system shall vent all drying Oven exhaust to the 

Control Device and shall have one or more inlets for collection of 

Fugitive Emissions. 

(iv) During any period of operation of a thermal incinerator, 

combustion temperature shall be continuously monitored. 

(v) During any period of operation of a catalytic incinerator, exhaust 

Gas temperature shall be continuously monitored. 

(vi) Appropriate permit(s) for the emission capture and control system 

are obtained pursuant to District regulations. 

(vii) The VOC emission control system shall reduce VOC emissions, at all 

times, to a level that is not greater than the emissions which would 

have been achieved through the use of compliant materials, 

compliant equipment or compliant work practices in subsections 

(C)(1), (C)(2), (C)(3) and(C)(7). 

Table 4 

VOC Emission Control System Overall Capture and Control Efficiency 

Process or Solution Overall VOC Capture and 

Control Efficiency %, by 

weight, effective through 

11/30/2014 

Overall VOC Capture 

and Control Efficiency 

%, by weight, effective 

on and after 12/01/2014 

Flexography 67% (See Flexible Package 

Printing) 

Publication Gravure 75% 85% 

Packaging Gravure 67% 75% 

Lithography 67% 75% 

Letterpress 67% 75% 

Flexible Package 

Printing (All 

Technologies) 

n/a 80% 

Fountain Solution 67% 75% 

The required minimum overall efficiency of an emission control system at 

which an equivalent VOC emission will be achieved, compared to the 

emissions achieved through compliance with subsections (C)(1), (C)(2) 

and/or (C)(3), shall be calculated by the following equation: 

( )

( ) ( )





























×









































































−

















−

= − × 100

880 /

1

1

... . 1

,

,

,

g L

VOC

D

VOC

VOC

VOC

M C E

LWc

Maxn

LWn Max

LWn Max

LWc
1130-16 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

Where: MCE = Minimum Control Device Efficiency, percent. 

 VOCLWc = VOC Limit of Rule 1130, less water and less 

Exempt Compounds, pursuant to paragraphs 

(C)(1), (C)(2) and/or (C)(3). 

 VOCLWn,Max = Maximum VOC content of non-compliant 

Graphic Arts Materials used in conjunction 

with a Control Device, less water and Exempt 

Compounds, in g/L. 

 Dn,Max = Density of VOC Solvent, reducer, or Thinner 

contained in the non-compliant graphic arts 

materials containing the maximum VOC, in 

g/L. 

(b) Paper, Film, Foil or Fabric 

An Operator may comply with the requirements (C)(3)(a), (C)(3)(c) or 

(C)(4)(a) through (C)(4)(c) by using an Approved VOC Emission Control 

System consisting of collection and control devices, which are approved, 

in writing, by the APCO and operated subject to the following: 

(i) The emission collection system shall collect at least 90 percent, by 

weight, of the emissions generated by the source of emissions. 

(ii) The control device shall reduce emissions from an emission 

collection system by at least 95 percent, by weight, or the output of 

the control device is 50 ppm, by volume, calculated as carbon, with 

no dilution. 

(c) Heatset Web Offset Lithographic or Letterpress

On or after 12/01/2014, an Operator performing Heatset Web Offset 

Lithographic or Letterpress Printing that has a Potential to Emit greater 

than 25 ton per year prior to controls shall use an add-on Control Device 

on the Dryers as follows: 

(i) Heatset Web Offset Lithographic or Letterpress printer Control 

Devices installed on or prior to 11/30/2014 shall have an Overall 

Capture and Control Efficiency of 90 percent. 

(ii) Heatset Web Offset Lithographic or Letterpress printer Control 

Devices installed on or after 12/01/2014 shall have an Overall 

Capture and Control Efficiency of 95 percent. 

(5) Coating Application Equipment

No Operator shall apply Coatings unless Coatings are applied with equipment 

operated according to manufacturer’s specifications, and only by the use of one of 

the following types of Coating Application Equipment: 
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-17 

Graphic Arts 

(a) Flow Coater; 

(b) Roll Coater; 

(c) Dip Coater; 

(d) Foam Coater; 

(e) Die Coater; 

(f) Hand Application Methods; or 

(g) HVLP spray for air dried coatings.

(i) For HVLP spray guns manufactured prior to January 1, 1996, the 

End-User shall demonstrate that the gun meets HVLP spray 

equipment standards. Satisfactory proof will be either in the form 

of manufacturer’s published technical material or by a 

demonstration using a certified air pressure tip gauge, measuring 

the air atomizing pressure dynamically at the center of the air cap 

and at the air horns. 

(ii) A person shall not sell or offer for sale for use within the District 

any HVLP spray gun without a permanent marking denoting the 

maximum inlet air pressure in psig at which the gun will operate 

within the parameters specified in subsection (B)(49). 

(h) Such other alternative spray application methods as are demonstrated in 

accordance with the provisions of subsection (H)(8), to be capable of 

achieving equivalent or better Transfer Efficiency than the application 

method in subsection (C)(5)(g), and for which written approval of the 

APCO has been obtained.

(i) Other Coating application methods which are demonstrated to the APCO 

to be capable of achieving at least 65 percent Transfer Efficiency as 

determined in accordance with Section (H)(8). Prior written approval 

from the APCO shall be obtained for each alternative method used.

(j) In lieu of complying with subsections (C)(5)(a) through (C)(5)(i), an 

Operator may control emissions from the Coating Application Equipment 

with a VOC emission control system that meets the requirements of 

subsection (C)(4). 

(6) Alternative Emission Control Plan 

A person may comply with the provisions of subsections (C)(1), (C)(2) or (C)(3) 

by means of an Alternative Emission Control Plan (AECP) pursuant to District 

Rule 108 – Alternative Emission Control Plans.

(7) Solvent Cleaning Operations and Storage and Disposal of VOC-containing 

Materials. 
1130-18 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

Solvent Cleaning of Application Equipment, parts, products, tools, machinery, 

equipment, general work areas, and the storage and disposal of VOC-containing 

materials used in cleaning operations exempt from all or a portion of this rule 

shall comply with the provisions of Rule 1171 – Solvent Cleaning Operations.

(a) An Operator shall not use Solvents for Cleaning Operations that exceed 

the VOC content limits specified in Table 5 in accordance with the 

corresponding effective date.

Table 5 

VOC Content Limits for Solvent Cleaning 

Type of Solvent Cleaning Operation VOC Content Limit 

Grams of VOC per liter of 

material (lb/gal), effective on 

and after 12/01/2014 

A. Product cleaning during 

Manufacturing Process; or Surface 

Preparation for Adhesive, Coating or 

Ink application 

25 (0.21) 

B. Repair and Maintenance Cleaning 25 (0.21) 

C. Cleaning of Adhesive or Coating 

Application Equipment 

25 (0.21) 

D. Cleaning of Ink Application 

Equipment 

25 (0.21) 

 1. General 25 (0.21) 

 2. Flexographic Printing 25 (0.21) 

 3. Specialty Flexographic Printing 100 (0.83)

 4. Gravure Publication 

 a. Publication 100 (0.83) 

 b. Packaging 25 (0.21) 

 5. Lithographic (Offset) or 

Letterpress Printing 

 a. Roller Wash – Step 1 100 (0.83) 

 b. Roller Wash – Step 2; Roller 

wash – not specified; Blanket 

Wash, and On - press 

components 

100 (0.83) 

 c. Removable Press Components 25 (0.21) 

 6. UV Ink/Electron Beam Ink 

Application Equipment 

100 (0.83) 

(b) The following Solvent Cleaning Operations may be performed outside of 

an APCO-approved VOC emission control system and using a Solvent 

with VOC content greater than 25 g/L, so long as the VOC content is not 

greater than the limit in Table 5:
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-19 

Graphic Arts 

(i) Wipe Cleaning; 

(ii) Application of Solvent from hand-held spray bottles from which 

Solvents are dispensed without a propellant induced force; 

(iii) Non-Atomized Solvent Flow method in which the cleaning Solvent 

is collected in a container or a collection system which is closed 

except for Solvent collection openings and, if necessary, openings 

to avoid excessive pressure build-up inside the container; or 

(iv) Solvent Cleaning method in which the Cleaning Solvent is 

discharged into a container that is closed except for Solvent 

collection openings and, if necessary, openings to avoid excessive 

pressure build-up inside the container. The discharge Solvent from 

the equipment must be collected into containers without atomizing 

into the open air. The Solvent may be flushed through the system 

by air or hydraulic pressure, or by pumping. 

(c) Solvent shall not be atomized into the open air unless it is vented to a 

VOC emission control system that complies with subsection (C)(4). This 

provision shall not apply to printing Operations where the roller of 

Blanket Wash is applied automatically and the cleaning of nozzle tips of 

automated spray equipment systems, except for robotic systems, and 

cleaning with spray bottles or containers described in subsection 

(C)(7)(b)(ii). 

(d) An Operator shall not use VOC-containing materials to clean spray 

equipment used for the application of Adhesives, Coatings or Ink unless 

an enclosed system or equipment that is proven to be equally effective at 

controlling emissions is used for cleaning. If an enclosed system is used, 

it must totally enclose spray guns, cups, nozzles, bowls and other parts 

during washing, rinsing and draining procedures, and it must be used 

according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and must be closed 

when not in use. 

(e) In lieu of complying with the provisions of subsections (C)(7)(a) through 

(C)(7)(d), an Operator may control emissions from Solvent Cleaning 

Operations with an APCO-approved VOC emission control system that 

meets the requirements of subsection (C)(4). 

(8) An Operator shall store or dispose of fresh or spent Solvents, Waste Solvent 

Materials, Coatings, Adhesives, catalysts, Thinners and Ink in Non-Absorbent, 

Non-Leaking Containers, which shall be kept closed except when adding or 

removing material, during cleaning Operations, or when the container is empty. 

(9) VOC material wastes (including but not limited to liquid wastes, rags and 

packaging) shall be disposed of in a manner consistent with federal, state and 

local hazardous waste regulations. 

(10) The manufacturer of any Coating, Adhesive or Ink, except Thin Film UV Ink, 

which is sold, offered for sale or supplied for use in Packaging Gravure, 

Publication Gravure or Flexographic Printing Operations in the District shall 
1130-20 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

include the following information on the product container or Material Safety 

Data Sheets (MSDS) supplied with the product:

(a) Material name; manufacturer identification; specific mixing instructions; 

density; and, VOC content, as applied. 

(b) The VOC content of Inks (except Thin Film UV Ink), Coatings and 

Adhesives expressed as defined in subsection (B)(41). 

(11) Work Practices

(a) An Operator shall properly use and properly operate all graphic arts 

printing technologies as directed and/or specified by the manufacturer of 

the printer or Graphic Arts Material. 

(b) Solvent containers and mixing tanks must be kept closed or covered 

except when filling, draining, or conducting cleaning operations.

(c) Used shop towels, rags and wipes shall be kept in closed containers. 

(d) Spray guns shall be cleaned in an enclosed system.

(e) Recycled Solvents shall be used for cleaning if available and practical. 

(f) Cleaning materials shall be conveyed from one location to another in 

closed containers or pipes. 

(D) Prohibition of Specification and Sale 

(1) No person shall solicit from, or require any other person to use in the District any 

graphic arts material which, when applied as supplied or thinned or reduced 

according to the manufacturer's recommendation for application, does not meet 

the applicable VOC limits in subsection (C)(1), (C)(2), (C)(3) or subsection 

(I)(3)(s)(iii) for the specific application. 

(2) On and after 12/01/2014, no person shall offer for sale, sell, or distribute directly 

to an End-User for use in the District any Graphic Arts Material which, when 

applied as supplied or thinned or reduced according to the manufacturer's 

recommendation for application, does not meet the applicable VOC limits in 

subsection (C)(1), (C)(2), (C)(3) or subsection (I)(3)(s)(iii) for the specific 

application. 

(E) Recordkeeping Requirements

Unless otherwise noted or as required pursuant to District Rule 109 – Recordkeeping for 

Volatile Organic Compound Emissions, all VOC content and density values recorded 

pursuant to the requirements of this rule shall be for the material as applied. Graphic Arts 

Printing Operations subject to this rule shall maintain the following records and 

information:
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-21 

Graphic Arts 

(1) For each Ink, Coating, Adhesive, Fountain Solution, Wash Primer, and Solvent in 

use and in storage: 

(a) A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or product data sheet giving 

material name, manufacturer identification, specific mixing instructions, 

and density; and 

(b) VOC content, as applied. 

(2) Compliant Materials Records

If only Inks, Coatings, and Adhesives meeting the specification found in Section 

(C) are used: 

(a) Records on a daily basis showing the amount of Ink used. Ink use records 

shall be maintained using one of the following options: 

(i) Group the quantity of all Inks used and identify the maximum 

VOC content figure and use the minimum density of 1,010 grams 

per liter (8.44 lb/gal); 

(ii) Itemize Process Inks and Pantone Inks separately and use the 

specific VOC content and density value for each Process Ink, and 

the highest VOC content and the maximum density of 1,010 gram 

per liter (8.44 lb/gal) for Pantone Inks; 

(iii) Report Process Inks and Pantone Inks separately and use the 

maximum VOC content and minimum density value for both 

process and Pantone Inks, or use the density of 1,010 gram per liter 

(8.44 lb/gal) for Pantone Inks; or 

(iv) Itemize each Ink and Pantone Ink and use the specific VOC 

content and density value for each. 

(b) Records on a daily basis showing the amount of Coating, Adhesive, Wash 

Primer, and Solvent (including cleaning Solvent) used. Itemize each 

Coating, Adhesive, Wash Primer, and Solvent and use the specific VOC 

content and density value for each. 

(c) Record, on a daily basis, the type, amount, and percent VOC by volume of 

Fountain Solution used. 

(3) Non-Compliant Materials Records 

If Inks, Coatings, Adhesives, Fountain Solutions, Wash Primers, and Solvents 

(including non-compliant cleaning Solvent) which do not meet the specifications 

found in Section (C) are used and compliance is achieved through the use of addon emission control equipment pursuant to subsection (C)(4): 

(a) Records on a daily basis showing the type and amount of Inks, Coatings, 

Adhesives, Fountain Solutions, Wash Primers, and Solvents (including 

non-compliant cleaning Solvent) used and itemized using the specific 

VOC content and density value for each. 
1130-22 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

(b) Daily records of Key System Operating Parameters which will 

demonstrate continuous Operation and compliance of the emission Control 

Device during periods of emission producing activities. Key System 

Operating Parameters are those necessary to ensure compliance with VOC 

capture and control requirements pursuant to subsection (C)(4) (including 

but not limited to temperatures, pressures, and flow rates). Such records 

shall be kept in the form and manner as prescribed by the APCO. 

(4) Records for Flexographic Specialty Inks 

If flexographic Specialty Inks are used pursuant to subsection (C)(2), record, on a 

daily basis, the type and amount of each Specialty Ink used. 

(5) Digital Printing Records 

(a) On or after 12/01/2014, Digital Printing Operations shall keep records in 

accordance with subsection (E)(5)(b) for each Digital Printer that: 

(i) Uses Solvent-based Inks and has a print capacity of 1,000 ft

2

/hr or 

more; or 

(ii) Uses water-based Inks, or UV Inks and has a print capacity of 

10,000 ft

2

/hr or more, 

(b) Operators with printers Subject to subsection (E)(5)(a) shall keep the 

following records: 

(i) A current file of Inks, Coatings, Adhesives, and Solvents in use 

and in storage. The file shall include a MSDS or product data 

sheet showing the material name, manufacturer's name, VOC 

content as applied, specific mixing instructions, and density. 

(ii) Monthly records of the type, and amount of each Ink, Coating, 

and/or Adhesive used. 

(iii) Monthly records of the type, and amount of Solvent used for 

thinning the Ink, Coating, or Adhesive, and for cleaning. 

(6) If the Facility is claiming exempt status pursuant to Section (I), the Facility shall 

maintain adequate records on a daily or as-used basis to demonstrate the exempt 

status. The Operator who becomes subject to the emission limits/standards of this 

rule through loss of exemption in Section (I) shall not operate the subject 

equipment, except as required for obtaining a new or modified Permit-to-Operate, 

until the Operator demonstrates that the Operation is in full compliance with the 

requirements of this rule.

(7) Any record required or produced pursuant to this rule shall be retained on site for 

a minimum of five (5) years and shall be made available to the APCO, CARB, or 

USEPA upon request.
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-23 

Graphic Arts 

(8) Determination of VOC Emissions from Inks Used in a Lithographic Printing 

Operation 

For the purposes of determining compliance with emissions limits, and 

determining eligibility for exemption under subsections (I)(1), (I)(3)(h) and 

(I)(3)(m) of this rule, the amount of VOC emitted from Heatset Web and NonHeatset Web Inks used shall be discounted by the following Substrate Retention 

Factors: 20 percent for Heatset Web Inks and 95 percent for Non-Heatset Web 

Inks. These Substrate Retention Factors shall not be used when determining 

compliance of Inks with applicable VOC content limits specified in this rule, and 

Heatset Web and Non-Heatset Web Inks shall meet the VOC content limits 

specified in subsection (C)(1), Table 2.

(F) Rule 442 Applicability 

Any Graphic Arts Printing Operation subject to this rule which is exempt from all or a 

portion of the VOC limits of this rule shall comply with the provisions of Rule 442 – 

Usage of Solvents. 

(G) Emission Reduction Credits 

The calculations for emission reduction credits issued pursuant to District Rule 1309 – 

Emission Reduction Credits for Matte Finish and Metallic Inks shall be based on a 

maximum VOC limits specified in subsection (C)(2) Table 3 (less water and less Exempt 

Compounds) irrespective of the VOC limits specified in subsection (I)(3)(s)(iii).

(H) Test Methods 

The VOC content of materials subject to the provisions of this rule and Overall Capture 

and Control Efficiency of VOC emission control systems shall be determined by the 

following test methods specified in Sections (H)(1) through (H)(9), District Rule 109 – 

Recordkeeping for Volatile Organic Compound Emissions, or alternative test methods 

approved by the APCO, USEPA, and CARB. 

(1) Except for UV Inks, the VOC content of Inks, Adhesives, Fountain Solutions, 

Solvents and Coatings shall be determined by using EPA Method 24 or 24A as 

applicable; or South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) 

Laboratory Methods of Analysis for Enforcement Samples, February 1997, 

Method 304-91 – Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in 

Various Materials, February 1, 1996.

(2) The VOC content of UV Inks, except for Thin Film UV Inks, shall be determined 

by using American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5403-93 (2013) 

(Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials). 

(3) Exempt Compound Content: Exempt compound content shall be determined by 

using ARB Method 432, “Determination of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-

Trichlorethane in Paints and Coatings,” September 12, 1989; ARB Method 422 
1130-24 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

“Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Emission from Stationary 

Sources,” September 12, 1990; or, SCAQMD Method 303-91 “Determination of 

Exempt Compounds,” August 1, 1996. 

(4) Exempt Perfluorocarbon Compounds 

The following classes of compounds: cyclic, branched, or linear, completely 

fluorinated alkanes; cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with 

no unsaturations; cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary 

amines with no unsaturations; and sulfur-containing perfluorocarbons with no 

unsaturations and with sulfur bonds only to carbon and fluorine, will be analyzed 

as Exempt Compounds for compliance with Section (C) and subsection 

(I)(3)(s)(iii), only at such time as manufacturers specify which individual 

compounds are used in the Coating formulations and identify the test methods, 

which, prior to such analysis, have been approved by the USEPA and the District, 

that can be used to quantify the amounts of each Exempt Compound. 

(5) The content of silicon dioxide as a flattening agent in a Matte Finish Ink shall be 

determined by using ASTM D717-86 (2008) (Standard Test Methods for Analysis 

of Magnesium Silicate Pigment). 

(6) The metal content of Metallic Inks shall be determined by SCAQMD Test 

Method 318-95 -- Determination of Weight Percent Elemental Metal In Coatings 

by X-Ray Diffraction, July 1, 1996.

(7) Determination of emissions of VOC from spray gun cleaning systems shall be 

made using SCAQMD method “General Test Method for Determining Solvent 

Losses from Spray Gun Cleaning Systems”, October 3, 1989. 

(8) The Transfer Efficiency of alternative Coating Application Equipment shall be 

determined in accordance with the SCAQMD method “Spray Equipment Transfer 

Efficiency Test Procedure for Equipment User,” May 24, 1989.

(9) Determination of Overall Capture and Control Efficiency of VOC Emission 

Control Systems.

(a) The Capture Efficiency of a VOC emission control system’s collection 

device(s) shall be determined according to EPA’s “Guidelines for 

Determining Capture Efficiency,” January 9, 1995 and 40 CFR 51, 

Appendix M, Test Methods 204-204F, as applicable. Individual Capture 

Efficiency test runs subject to the USEPA technical guidelines shall be 

determined by: 

(i) SCAQMD “Protocol for Determination of Volatile Organic 

Compounds (VOC) Capture Efficiency, May 1995”; or 

(ii) Any other method approved by the USEPA, CARB, and the 

APCO. 

(b) The Control Device Efficiency of a VOC emission control system’s VOC 

Control Device(s) as and the VOC content in the Control Device exhaust 
AVAQMD Rule 1130 1130-25 

Graphic Arts 

gases, measured and calculated as carbon, shall be determined by USEPA 

Test Methods 2, 2A, or 2D for measuring flow rates and EPA Method 25, 

25A, 25B or SCAQMD Method 25.1 – “Determination of Total Gaseous 

Non-Methane Organic Emissions as Carbon, February 26, 1991” as 

applicable. USEPA Test Method 18, or ARB Method 422 shall be used to 

determine emissions of Exempt Compounds. 

(c) For VOC emission control systems that consist of a single VOC emission 

collection device connected to a single VOC emission Control Device, the 

Overall Capture and Control Efficiency shall be calculated by using the 

following equation: 

[ ]/ 100 CECapture ,Control = CECapture ×CEControl

Where: 

CE

Capture,Control

= Overall Capture and Control Efficiency, in percent 

CE

Capture 

= Capture Efficiency of the collection device, in 

percent, as determined in subsection (H)(9)(a) 

CE

Control 

= Control Efficiency of the Control Device, in percent, 

as determined in subsection (H)(9)(b). 

(d) The following equation shall be used to determine if the minimum 

required Overall Capture and Control Efficiency of an emission control 

system is at an equivalent or greater level of VOC reduction as would be 

achieved using compliant materials, equipment, or work practices, as 

stated in subsection (C)(4)(a).

100

1

1

1

,

,

,

×





























































−













−

= − ×

c

LWC

Maxn

LWn Max

LWn Max

LWc

D

VOC

D

VOC

VOC

VOC

CE
1130-26 AVAQMD Rule 1130 

Graphic Arts 

Where: 

CE = Minimum Required Overall Capture and Control 

Efficiency, percent 

VOC

LWc

= VOC Limit, less water and less Exempt 

Compounds 

VOC

LWn,Max

= Maximum VOC content of noncompliant Ink (or 

Coating or Adhesive) used in conjunction with a 

Control Device, less water and less Exempt 

Compounds 

D

n,Max

= Density of Solvent, reducer, or Thinner contained

in the noncompliant Ink (or Coating or 

Adhesive), containing the maximum VOC 

content of the multi-component Ink (or Coating, 

or Adhesive) printing Line 

Dc

= Density of corresponding Solvent, reducer, or 

Thinner used in the compliant Ink (or Coating, or 

Adhesive) system = 880 gm/liter 

(10) Equivalent Test Methods 

Other test methods determined by the staffs of the District, ARB, and USEPA, to 

be equivalent to the test methods specified in this rule, and approved in writing by 

the APCO may also be used. 

(11) Multiple Test Methods 

When more than one test method or set of test methods are specified for any 

testing, a violation of any requirement of this rule established by any one of the 

specified test methods or set of test methods shall constitute a violation of the 

rule. 

(12) Test Methods Dates 

All test methods referenced in this section shall be the most recent approved 

versions. The APCO may update test methods as necessary to reflect the most 

accurate method available, provided the method does not affect the stringency of 

the rule. 

(I) Exemptions 

(1) The requirements of this rule, except for the recordkeeping requirements of 

subsection (E)(6), shall not apply to the following Operations except for Paper, 

Film, Foil or Fabric Coating Operations:

(a) Effective through 11/30/2014, any Graphic Arts Printing Operation which 

emits less than 400 pounds of VOC per calendar month. 
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Graphic Arts 

(b) On or after 12/01/2014, any Graphic Arts Printing Operation that emits 

less than 200 pounds of VOC per 12 rolling consecutive calendar months. 

(2) The following exemptions apply to Paper, Film, Foil or Fabric Coating 

Operations only: 

(a) The provisions of subsection (C)(5) shall not apply to the application of 

materials that contain less than 20 g/L of VOC per liter of material.

(b) The provisions of subsection (C)(3) shall not apply to laboratories which 

apply less than two (2) gallons per day of coatings to test specimens for 

purposes of testing for production-related operations, Research and 

Development, or quality control.

(c) The provisions of subsection (C)(3) shall not apply to laboratories located 

at facilities that manufacture reinforced plastic, structural materials which 

apply less than three (3) gallons per day of coatings to test specimens for 

either testing for production-related operations, Research and 

Development, or quality control.

(3) The requirements of this rule shall not apply to: 

(a) All Proof presses. 

(b) Any Facility which emits eight (8) pounds or less of VOC per day from 

Graphic Arts Printing Operations and related Solvent Cleaning Operations 

subject to Rule 1171 - Solvent Cleaning Operations. 

(c) Coating operations subject to other rules of Regulation XI – Source 

Specific Standards. 

(d) Solar-control window film. 

(e) Heat-applied transfer decals. 

(f) Graphic arts on ceramic materials. 

(g) Circuitry printing. 

(h) Blanket Repair Material used in containers of four (4) ounces or less. 

(i) Sterilization Indicating Inks. 

(j) The application of Coatings and use of cleaning Solvents in creating Fine 

Art Paintings, or to scenic or theatrical backgrounds for motion pictures, 

television and theater. 

(k) Stripping of Cured Adhesives, Cured Coatings, and Cured Inks, except the 

Stripping of such materials from spray Application Equipment.
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Graphic Arts 

(l) Cleaning Operations in printing pre-press or graphic arts pre-press areas, 

including the cleaning of film processors, color scanners, plate processors, 

films, and plates. 

(m) Digital Printers and Digital Printing Operations except for recordkeeping 

requirements in Section (E)(5). 

(n) This rule shall not apply to laboratory tests or analyses, Bench Scale, or 

Research and Development Projects. 

(o) This rule shall not limit the VOC content of Thin Film UV Inks. 

(p) Cleaning materials with a VOC composite vapor pressure less than 8 mm 

Hg at 20o C are exempt from subsection (C)(7)(a) of this rule.

(q) The prohibition specified in subsections (D)(1) or (D)(2) shall not apply to 

persons offering Graphic Arts Materials for sale to, selling Graphic Arts 

Materials to, distributing Graphic Arts Materials to, or requiring the use of 

Graphic Arts Materials from, persons who are operating an approved 

emission control system under subsection (C)(4), or complying under 

subsection (C)(6). 

(r) The prohibition specified in Section (D) shall not apply to Graphic Arts 

Materials which will be used solely outside of the District. 

(s) The provisions of subsection (C)(2) shall not apply to Matte Finish and 

Metallic Inks provided that: 

(i) The usage of Matte Finish or Metallic Inks each shall not exceed 

two (2) gallons per day and 120 gallons per calendar year at a 

Facility; and 

(ii) The Potential to Emit and the actual VOC emissions from a 

Facility which applies Matte Finish or Metallic Inks does not 

exceed ten (10) tons per calendar year from all VOC emission 

sources, but 300 grams per liter after 12/01/2014; and 

(iii) The VOC content of Matte Finish and Metallic Inks on nonflexible substrates do not exceed 535 and 460 grams per liter (less 

water and less Exempt Compounds) respectively; and

(iv) The owner or Operator of the Facility certifies in writing to the 

Executive Officer that they shall not emit VOCs in excess of ten 

(10) tons per calendar year. Such a certification shall be 

considered an agreement by the Facility to limit the Facility's 

Potential to Emit; and 

(v) Facilities operating under the provisions of subsection (I)(3) whose 

actual emissions exceed ten (10) tons in any calendar year shall 

henceforth be subject to the requirements of subsection (C)2; and 
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Graphic Arts 

(vi) In addition to the requirements of Section (E), Facilities shall 

retain records of purchase orders and invoices of VOC-containing 

materials for a minimum of five (5) years. 

(t) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to Aerosol Coating Products. 

See SIP Table at http://www.avaqmd.ca.gov/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=921
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