J-S18002-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

MICHELE M. STIPA

v.

ANTHONY D. GIAMPAOLO 

Appellant

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 2740 EDA 2022

Appeal from the Order Entered October 7, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County 

Domestic Relations at No(s): 17-01688, 

PACSES 344116864

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., DUBOW, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, P.J.: FILED AUGUST 29, 2023

Anthony D. Giampaolo (“Father”) appeals pro se from the order denying 

his motion to modify child support for J.G.S. (“Child”). Father argues he is 

entitled to a downward deviation of his child support obligations due to 

contributions to Mother’s household income by her parents. We affirm.

Father and Michele M. Stipa (“Mother”) are the parents of Child, born in 

November 2016. In December 2017, Mother filed a complaint for child 

support. In April 2018, the trial court entered in interim order directing Father 

to pay $604.52 per month plus $60.00 monthly in arrears. On April 5, 2019, 

Father filed a motion for discovery seeking Mother’s parents’ tax returns for 

2017 and 2018. Ostensibly, Father sought to reduce his child support based 

____________________________________________

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S18002-23

- 2 -

upon the proposition that Mother’s parents were contributing to her household 

income. On April 29, 2019, while the discovery motion was still pending, the 

trial court ordered Father to pay $482.66 per month in child support. This 

Court ultimately affirmed this trial court order. See Stipa v. Giampaolo, 

1328 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. filed Mar. 23, 2020) (unpublished memorandum). 

While the appeal was pending, Father filed a petition to reduce his child 

support. On November 8, 2019, the support hearing officer filed a proposed 

order, finding Father’s support obligation to be $399.17 per month plus $30 

in arrears. On November 21, 2019, Father filed exceptions to the hearing 

officer’s proposed order. Thereafter, the trial court issued an order holding 

Father’s April 5, 2019 discovery motion in abeyance pending this Court’s initial 

decision in 2020. On October 26, 2020, the trial court entered an order, 

reducing Father’s support obligation to $319.34 per month.

On February 16, 2021, Father filed another petition to modify child 

support. On April 21, 2021, the trial court issued an interim order finding 

Father’s child support obligation to be $289.75, and scheduled a further 

support hearing. Thereafter, the hearing officer denied Father’s petition to 

modify, noting that although the guideline calculation amount was $294.53, 

she would maintain the support order at $289.75. Father again filed 

exceptions. On March 18, 2022, the trial court held a hearing, after which it 

entered an order, denying without prejudice the exceptions due to the still 

outstanding discovery motion that was scheduled to be heard on March 30, 
J-S18002-23

- 3 -

2022.

1 Notably, the order stated that “[i]f additional income is acknowledged 

by the trial court ... (and that income is proven to be contributed to [] Mother’s 

household), then that income may be considered for any support filing 

subsequent to April 5, 2019.” Subsequently, the trial court granted Father’s 

motion for discovery, and remanded Father’s November 21, 2019 exceptions 

to the hearing officer with the requirement that Mother’s parents’ 2020 tax 

return be provided to the hearing officer. 

On May 16, 2022, the hearing officer held a hearing. Mother’s parents 

2020 tax return was entered into evidence and reflected that they had an 

income of $63,585.00. Moreover, Mother testified that although her parents 

live with her and Child for 8 months of the year, they do not contribute any 

money toward the household expenses. Father did not elicit any further 

evidence that Mother’s parents contribute to the household. As a result, the 

hearing officer entered a proposed order directing Father to pay $289.75 per 

month until June 1, 2022, and $231.80 per month thereafter. Father filed 

exceptions to the proposed order, arguing that the hearing officer ignored 

Mother’s parents’ income in determining whether to deviate from the guideline 

amount of support, because Mother’s parents contribute to her household 

income. The trial court held a hearing, after which it denied Father’s 

____________________________________________

1 The trial court also denied Father’s exceptions concerning arrears and credits 

without prejudice because such claims were subject of separate motions, and 

Father’s exception regarding wage attachment, as he was not subject to

attachment at that time.
J-S18002-23

- 4 -

exceptions, and made the support officer’s proposed order final. This timely 

appeal followed.

Father raises the following question for our review: “Did the lower court 

err as a matter of law when it ignored other household income contrary to 

Pa.R.C.P.1910.16-5(b)(3)?” Appellant’s Brief at 6.

Our standard in reviewing child support orders is as follows:

When evaluating a support order, this Court may only 

reverse the trial court’s determination where the order cannot be 

sustained on any valid ground. We will not interfere with the broad 

discretion afforded the trial court absent an abuse of the discretion 

or insufficient evidence to sustain the support order. An abuse of 

discretion is not merely an error of judgment; if, in reaching a 

conclusion, the court overrides or misapplies the law, or the 

judgment exercised is shown by the record to be either manifestly 

unreasonable or the product of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, 

discretion has been abused. In addition, we note that the duty to 

support one’s child is absolute, and the purpose of child support 

is to promote the child’s best interests.

Furthermore, this Court must accept findings of the trial 

court that are supported by competent evidence of record, as our 

role does not include making independent factual determinations. 

In addition, with regard to issues of credibility and weight of the 

evidence, this Court must defer to the trial judge who presided 

over the proceedings and thus viewed the witnesses first hand.

When the trial court sits as fact finder, the weight to be 

assigned the testimony of the witnesses is within its exclusive 

province, as are credibility determinations, and the court is free 

to choose to believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented. 

This Court is not free to usurp the trial court’s duty as the finder 

of fact.

M.E.W. v. W.L.W., 240 A.3d 626, 634 (Pa. Super. 2020) (citations and colon 

omitted).
J-S18002-23

- 5 -

Father argues that the trial court erred by failing to deviate from the 

support guidelines based upon Mother’s parents’ income, which he believes 

constitutes “other household income” under Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-5(b)(3).2 See 

Appellant’s Brief at 10. According to Father, the hearing officer “engaged in 

intellectual dishonesty” by concluding that the income in question was not a 

reason to deviate from the guidelines based upon a standard of contributions 

to household expenses. Id. at 12. Father claims that using such a standard 

would require a forensic analysis of the money spent in a household. See id.

Father highlights that Mother’s parents’ income is higher than the income of 

either party. See id. at 12, 13. Father also cites to purportedly inconsistent 

testimony by Mother relating to groceries bought by her parents for their 

summer home, but not for the household with Mother and child. See id. at 

13; see also id. (wherein Father argues Mother’s testimony in this regard 

rendered all of her testimony incredible). Father complains that the trial court 

is ordering him to feed Mother’s mother with his child support payments. See 

id. at 14.

The trial court addressed Father’s claim as follows:

Mother admitted her parents were primarily residing with 

her, do not contribute to her expenses, do not pay rent to live with 

her, and spend Memorial Day through September at the home 

they own in North Cape May. She also testified that they paid her 

water bill one time and buy groceries for themselves. No proof of 

____________________________________________

2 Rule 1910.16-5(b)(3) states that “[i]n deciding whether to deviate from the 

basic child support, ... the trier-of-fact shall consider ... other household 

income[.]” Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-5(b)(3).
J-S18002-23

- 6 -

any contribution by Mother’s parents to Mother’s household 

income was proven by Father. Mother specifically denied any such 

contribution. [The hearing officer] found Mother’s testimony to be 

credible that, although her parents’ combined income is 

$63,585.00, they do not contribute to Mother’s monthly household 

expenses during the 8 months they reside with Mother. No reason 

was found by [the hearing officer] to deviate from the guideline 

amount of support.

The [trial] court was never given any reason or basis to 

believe that Mother’s parents contributed to Mother’s household 

income. Father presented no proof to contradict Mother’s 

testimony. The [hearing officer] found Mother credible and the 

trial judge had no reason to find Mother incredible. There was 

nothing upon which the trial court could base a finding of a 

contribution by Mother’s parents to Mother’s household at all. 

Father’s only “evidence” proffered to counter Mother’s testimony 

was “common sense” and the fact that Mother’s parents earned a 

total of $63,585.00 in retirement income. ... Father also indicated 

that the [hearing officer] was intellectually dishonest when [the 

hearing officer] did not permit a downward deviation from Father’s 

child support obligation because of the alleged contribution of 

Mother’s parents to Mother’s household, but gave no proof 

whatsoever of the [hearing officer’s] intellectual dishonesty. 

Father also misstated the [hearing officer’s] finding of facts as set 

forth in [his] report from [May 16, 2022]. The [hearing officer] 

found that “on cross-examination, the obligee (Mother) testified 

her parents buy their own groceries.” Father counters that finding 

and insists that “to the contrary, [Mother] testified that her 

parents only bought food for their summer house, not when they 

lived in [Mother’s] house during the majority of the year.” At the 

actual hearing, Father asks Mother during cross-examination, “Uh, 

and, uh your mom, uh, buys groceries for the household, true.” 

Mother responds, “She buys groceries for her and my father.” And 

further clarifies, “Only her and my father, yes.” Father then refers 

to a video (not in evidence) that apparently shows Mother’s 

mother unloading groceries from the Acme on a Saturday morning 

and asks, are groceries just for her?” Mother replies and states, 

“Yes, sometimes she’ll buy things to take down to the shore, yes.” 

... Father failed to give any reason why the trial court should 

substitute its own judgment for the [hearing officer’s]. Based on 

the evidence presented by both parties, the judgment of the 

[hearing officer] was the fair and reasonable judgment to be made 

based on the facts and the law and the trial court upheld it.
J-S18002-23

- 7 -

Trial Court Opinion, 2/3/23, at 14-16 (citations and footnote omitted).

We agree with the trial court’s reasoning. Here, Father does not point to 

any misapplication of law by the trial court, nor does he cite to any case law 

to suggest an abuse of discretion. In fact, Father’s argument asks this Court 

to reevaluate and reweigh the evidence in a manner more favorable to him; 

we cannot do so. See M.E.W., 240 A.3d at 634 (noting that as an appellate 

court, we do not reweigh the evidence, and we do not substitute our judgment 

for that of the trial court). Accordingly, having reviewed the record, we 

conclude that the trial court did not abuse of discretion in denying Father’s 

petition to modify his child support.

3

Order affirmed.

____________________________________________

3 We note that Father baldly argues that the trial court improperly engaged in 

an analysis pursuant to Melzer v. Witsberger, 480 A.2d 991 (Pa. 1984) 

(setting forth the formula to calculate child support for parties prior to the 

adoption of guidelines in 1984 and 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 4322). See Appellant’s Brief 

at 14. However, Father only quotes Supreme Court cases, and does not set 

forth any argument or analysis establishing error by the trial court in this 

regard. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) (noting that an argument must be 

accompanied by pertinent analysis and citation to authority); Jones v. Jones, 

878 A.2d 86, 90 (Pa. Super. 2005) (noting that the failure to argue and cite 

to relevant authority constitutes a waiver of the claim on appeal). In any 

event, we reject Father’s bald argument based upon the trial court’s sound 

reasoning. See Trial Court Opinion, 2/3/23, at 16-18. Specifically, the trial 

court noted that the Melzer formula is no longer applicable with the adoption 

of Section 4322 and Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-3.1. See id. at 17 (citing, inter alia,

Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-3.1 cmt. (stating “high income child support cases no 

longer will be decided pursuant to Melzer”)). Further, the trial court 

emphasized that there is no evidence that the hearing officer or the trial court 

ever considered the Melzer factors in rendering the child support orders. See 

id.
J-S18002-23

- 8 -

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 8/29/2023