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## Other Youth Topics

## Breadcrumb

            -  Youth Topics 
            -  Employment 
            -           Education and Employment      

# Education and Employment

Data suggest a close link between educational attainment and employment outcomes. Table 1 illustrates the relationship among level of education attained, unemployment rate, and median weekly earnings.

Higher education does not relate just to higher earnings. The Center for Education and the Workforce at Georgetown University projects that as of 2018, nearly two-thirds of jobs created in the United States will require some form of postsecondary education.1

**Table 1. Median Weekly Earning and Unemployment Rate by Level of Education in 2012**2

Note: Data are for persons ages 25 and older. Earnings are for full-time wage and salary workers.

Data from the National Center on Education Statistics’ *2012 Digest of Education Statistics* suggest positive trends in high school and postsecondary completion rates and lower dropout rates:
                      - In the 2009‒2010 school year, 78.2 percent of public high school students graduated on time (within four years of enrolling in high school).
                      - The percentage of youth ages 16 through 24 who had dropped out of high school declined from 12.1 percent in 1990 to 7.1 percent in 2011. 3
                      - Students are enrolling in and completing postsecondary education, including associate’s, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees at higher rates. Specifically, compared with degrees awarded in the 2000‒2001 school year, 63 percent more associate’s degrees, 38 percent more bachelor’s degrees, 54 percent more master’s degrees, and 37 percent more doctoral degrees were completed in the 2010‒2011 school year. 4

Despite these trends, a lot of work remains to ensure that students are prepared for the transition to college and career.

## How Can Schools Ensure That Students Are Prepared?

Schools are using a variety of strategies to ensure that students are prepared for postsecondary education and employment. For example, schools are helping ease the transition for students by increasing
                      - the rigor, engagement, and relevance of teaching and learning in secondary schools to ensure that students are ready for postsecondary school opportunities such as college and careers;
                      - the number of students who graduate from high school by identifying students at risk for dropping out and intervening early; and
                      - the opportunities for youth to learn about and experience careers. 5

## Career and College Readiness

Ensuring that students are prepared for college and career is a key educational priority in states and districts across the nation. College and career readiness includes ensuring that students
                      - meet rigorous academic standards and skills,
                      - develop key social emotional skills,
                      - are exposed to post‒high school pathways, and
                      - are able to identify and develop the skills they need for their chosen path.

Learn more about college and career readiness by visiting the U.S. Department of Education’s College & Career Readiness & Success Center (CCRS Center).

## Identifying Students At Risk for Dropping Out of High School

The percentage of students graduating high school on time has slowly increased,6 but about a half-million students still drop out of high school each year.7 A wealth of research from a variety of large school districts, including Chicago and Philadelphia, has identified indicators that can help predict students’ risk of dropping out of high school, at both the middle school and the high school levels.8 The use of attendance, academic, and behavior data to identify students at risk for dropping out of high school was identified as one of six recommendations within a 2008 Institutes of Education Sciences (IES) practices guide on dropout prevention.9 Early warning systems (EWS) use readily available school data to identify students who are at risk of not graduating from or dropping out of high school, allowing educators to intervene early. Schools can use EWS to identify and support individual students who are at risk with schoolwide, targeted, or individualized interventions that match their needs. States, districts, and schools can use EWS data to examine patterns to identify and address systemic issues that may be impeding a student’s ability to graduate. Learn more about early warning systems and see examples of free early warning system tools developed by the National High School Center10 at www.earlywarningsystems.org.

## Career and Technical Education

Data suggest that in 2009, some 94.16 percent of high schools students had earned at least one career and technical education credit.11 According to The Partnership for 21st Century Skills, the Association for Career and Technical Education, and the National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium, &ldquoCareer and technical education is an educational strategy for providing young people with the academic, technical, and employability skills and knowledge to pursue postsecondary training or higher education and enter a career field prepared for ongoing learning.&rdquo12 The U.S. Department of Education funds Career and Technical Education grants to help states and local schools offer programs to develop the academic, vocational, and technical skills of students in high schools, community colleges, and regional technical centers. Additional information about career and technical education and its role in College and Career readiness can be found here (PDF, 16 pages).

## Resources

**Skimming for Skills: Finding Skills Data**Skimming for Skills is a guide that contains links to surveys, reports, and customized data tools to help users explore labor or skill shortages, skill mismatches, and skill deficiencies. Entries note whether the survey or source supplies information on current or projected employment, job openings, occupational or industry data, and earnings. Skill-related topics include information on the education, training, or skills required for jobs; educational attainment; educational field (e.g., college major) or coursework; and the skills that individuals possess, including skill assessments.

## References

1 Carnevale, Smith, & Strohl, 20102 U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013c3 The dropout rate includes all people in the 16- to 24-year-old age group who are not enrolled in school and who have not completed a high school program, regardless of when they left school. People who left school but went on to receive a GED credential are not treated as dropouts, and those in prisons, the military, and other people not living in households are not included in this measure.4 Synder & Dillow, 20135 Balfanz, Bridgeland, Bruce, & Hornig Fox, 20136 Synder & Dillow, 20137 Heckman & LaFontaine, 2007; Warren & Halpern-Manners, 20078 Allensworth & Easton, 20079 Dynarski et al., 200810 The National High School Center was a U.S. Department of Education‒funded Training and Technical Assistance Center from 2005 to 201311 U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, 200912 Partnership for 21st Century Skills, Association for Career and Technical Education, and the National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium, 2010

## Other Resources on this Topic

### Agencies 

                          - AmeriCorps
                          - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                          - Employment and Training Administration, Department of Labor
                          - Office of Disability Employment Policy, Department of Labor
                          - Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor

### Announcements 

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                          - Resource: Improving Services for Expectant and Parenting Youth in Care
                          - Resource: Improving Youth Defense
                          - Resource: John H. Chafee Foster Care for Successful Transition to Adulthood Program Resource List
                          - Resource: K-12 School Security Guide Product Suite
                          - Resource: Law Enforcement Agencies that Employ School Resource Officers, 2019
                          - Resource: List of Products Produced by Forced or Indentured Child Labor
                          - Resource: Mentoring for Enhancing Career Interests and Exploration
                          - Resource: NASA for Higher Education
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                          - Resource: National Coalition Institute (NCI)
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                          - Resource: OJJDP Urges System Reform During Youth Justice Action Month (YJAM)
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                          - Resource: Promoting Mental Health and Well-Being in Schools: An Action Guide for School and District Leaders
                          - Resource: Psychological First Aid: How to Help Students Recover After a Personal, Community, or School-Based Emergency
                          - Resource: Reducing Homelessness Among Young People Transitioning from Foster Care
                          - Resource: Relationships as a Support for Reunification
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                          - Resource: Responding to Human Trafficking Through the Child Welfare System Training
                          - Resource: Runaway & Homeless Youth and Relationship Violence Toolkit
                          - Resource: School Experiences with COVID-19: June 2022
                          - Resource: School Resource Officers, 2019–2020
                          - Resource: Seven Child Labor Best Practices for Employers
                          - Resource: Sharing Study Data: A Guide for Education Researchers
                          - Resource: Social Media: Tips for Child Welfare Workers
                          - Resource: Staff in Rural Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems
                          - Resource: Structural Supports to Promote Teacher Wellbeing
                          - Resource: Support for Prosecutors Who Work with Youth
                          - Resource: Supporting a Diverse Educator Workforce and Professional Growth to Strengthen Student Learning
                          - Resource: Supporting Students in Poverty with High-Impact Instructional Strategies Toolkit
                          - Resource: Teachers Are Among the Most Educated, Yet Their Pay Lags
                          - Resource: The Adult Learning Planning Framework: Learning Module
                          - Resource: The National Center for Youth with Diverse Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity & Expression (The National SOGIE Center) 
                          - Resource: The Value of Relationships: Improving Human Services Participant Outcomes through Social Capital Handbook
                          - Resource: Toolkit for Embracing a "Youth Welfare" System: A Guide to Capacity Building
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                          - Resource: Using the Summer and Afterschool Needs Assessment to Drive Program Quality: A Companion Guide
                          - Resource: Voices of Young Workers
                          - Resource: What Jobs are Off-Limits for Kids
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                          - Resource: Working with Immigrant and Refugee Families: A Guide for Child Welfare Agencies
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                          - Share with Youth: U.S. Department of State (DOS) Student Internship Program
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                          - Share with Youth: U.S. Forest Service Job Corps Program: Civilian Conservation Centers
                          - Share with Youth: Where to Next? Exploring STEM Careers
                          - Share with Youth: Youth Reentry Technical Assistance (YRTA) Center Fellowship Program
                          - Social Media Campaign: Teen Tuesdays
                          - Supporting Young Parents
                          - Technical Assistance Center (TAC)
                          - Training: Resilience Strategies for Institutions of Higher Education: Techniques for Self-Care and Compassion Fatigue Prevention
                          - U.S. Department of Education Disperses Funds to Support Parents of Children with Disabilities
                          - Virtual Training: Enhancing School Safety Using Behavioral Threat Assessment
                          - Webinar Recording: Public Health and STEM with the CDC
                          - Webinar Recording: Youth Apprenticeship and Opportunity Youth - What's Working and How Can WIOA Youth Funds be Used?
                          - Webinar Series: New Evidence for Career and Technical Education
                          - Webinar Series: Shielding Your Well-Being: Post-Traumatic Growth
                          - Youth Voices Have Moved to YE4C

### Collaboration Profiles 

                          - Navicate
                          - Program Collaboration
                          - Program Components
                          - SBIRT/YouthBuild
                          - Worcester Youth Development and Professional Leadership Symposium
                          - YouthGo.gov

### Data Sources 

                          - American FactFinder

### Feature Articles 

                          - A Hand and Paw Partnership Benefits Homeless Youth
                          - Add Us In
                          - America’s Young Adults, 2014
                          - Developing Programs for Youth in Allied Health Careers
                          - Expanding Access to Health Care Services and Work-Based Experiences for Youth with Chronic Health Conditions and Disabilities
                          - Federal Schedule A Hiring Authority Fact Sheet: Tips for Youth and Young Adults with Disabilities Interested in Starting a Career with the Federal Government
                          - Inclusive Internship Programs: A How-to-Guide for Employers
                          - Just Launched! Redesigned YE4C
                          - New Toolkit on Education & Careers for Youth on YE4C
                          - Pilot Project Helps YouthBuild Address Youth Substance Abuse
                          - Share with Youth: eInternship Opportunities with IWGYP
                          - Soft Skills to Pay the Bills
                          - Supporting Summer Youth Employment Programs
                          - The CITY Project
                          - The Youth Career Café - Empowering Youth to Succeed in the Real World
                          - Training Young Adults How To Save At Work
                          - YE4C Accepting Applications for the Editorial Board
                          - Youth Speakers Share Their Hopes for the Future

### Internships 

                          - AmeriCorps National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC)
                          - Share with Youth: #ApprenticeshipWorks

### Job Opportunities 

                          - Department of Health and Human Services: Public Policy Internship
                          - Interns Graduate Project SEARCH-NIH Program, Eight Hired at NIH
                          - Registered Apprenticeship

### Programs 

                          - 2013 Youth Jobs+ Initiative
                          - Division of Youth Services
                          - FEMA Corps
                          - Job Corps
                          - John H. Chafee Foster Care Program for Successful Transition to Adulthood
                          - National Academies Board on Children, Youth, and Families
                          - Neighborhood Networks
                          - Registered Apprenticeship College Consortium
                          - Reintegration of ExOffenders Program
                          - ServiceWorks
                          - Workforce Investment Act Youth Programs
                          - YouthBuild

### Publications 

                          - “It Changed My Life Forever”: Our Job Corps Stories
                          - 21st Century Registered Apprenticeship: A Shared Vision for Increasing Opportunity, Innovation, and Competitiveness for American Workers and Employers
                          - Aftercare Services
                          - Are You A Teen Worker?
                          - Connecting At-Risk Youth to Promising Occupations
                          - Disability Employment 101
                          - Economic Costs of Youth Disadvantage and High-Return Opportunities for Change
                          - Employment and Training for Court-Involved Youth
                          - Employment and Unemployment Among Youth - Summer 2013
                          - Employment and Unemployment Among Youth – Summer 2014
                          - First Step: A Youth Practitioner’s Resource Guide to Supportive Services
                          - Helping Students Prepare for Employment
                          - High School Apprenticeship Toolkit
                          - Indian and Native American Summer Youth Employment Initiatives and the 2009 Recovery Act
                          - Interim Report for the Department of Labor Youth Offender Demonstration Project: Process Evaluation
                          - Joint Letter on Informing Career Decisions from the Departments of Labor, Education, and Health and Human Services
                          - Joint Letter Regarding Building Partnerships With American Job Center Network
                          - Life Changes Require Health Choices, Know Your Benefit Options
                          - My Brother’s Keeper Task Force Report to the President
                          - New Employee Savings Tips – Time Is On Your Side
                          - Opportunity for All: Supporting Asian American and Pacific Islander Families
                          - Report on Young Adult Employment
                          - Report: Combatting Religious Discrimination Today
                          - Savings Fitness: A Guide to Your Money and Your Financial Future
                          - Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS)
                          - Shaping History Through STEM Careers
                          - Soft Skills to Pay the Bills: Mastering Soft Skills for Workplace Success
                          - Teaching Soft Skills Through Workplace Simulation in Classroom Settings
                          - Teaching the SCANS Competencies
                          - Top 10 Ways to Prepare for Retirement
                          - Training and Employment Guidance Letter on WIA Youth Program
                          - Trends Among Young Adults Over Three Decades
                          - Using TANF Funds to Support Subsidized Youth Employment: The 2010 Summer Youth Employment Initiative
                          - Virtual Workplace Flexibility Toolkit
                          - Youth Apprenticeship

### Resources 

                          - Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
                          - Healthy Transitions: A Pathway to Employment for Youth with Chronic Health Conditions and Other Disabilities
                          - Report: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Life Opportunities
                          - Report: Exploring Cross-Domain Instability in Families with Children
                          - Report: Fulfilling America’s Future: Latinas in the U.S., 2015
                          - Report: High School Students’ Views on Who Influences Their Thinking about Education and Careers
                          - Report: Participation in High School Career and Technical Education and Postsecondary Enrollment
                          - Resource: 2017 Summer Jobs Resources Pages
                          - Resource: Mental Health Needs of Youth
                          - Resource: Mythbuster! WIOA Titles I and II
                          - Resource: Native One Stop Website
                          - Resource: Next Level Now (NLN) Collaborative Community
                          - Resource: NHSC Poster
                          - Resource: Program-Level Gainful Employment Earnings Data
                          - Resource: School’s Out, But Safety Should Always Be In
                          - Resource: Supporting Success of Youth under WIOA
                          - Resource: Workforce Recruitment Program (WRP)
                          - Resource: Youth Workforce Development
                          - Share with Youth: Career Video Collection
                          - Share with Youth: Educational Opportunities for a Career in Cybersecurity
                          - Share with Youth: From Fear to a Love of Nature: One Arctic Youth Ambassador’s Journey
                          - Share with Youth: Helping Teens Find Their Right Job
                          - Share with Youth: Hitting the Open Road After High School
                          - Share with Youth: TA Series for Youth Practitioners
                          - Understanding Taxes
                          - USDA Awards $200 Million for Skills Training to Help SNAP Recipients Get Jobs

### Technical Assistance 

                          - CareerOneStop Centers
                          - Homelessness Resource Center
                          - National Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety
                          - National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability
                          - National Secondary Transition Technical Assistance Center
                          - PACER Center's Technical Assistance on Transition and the Rehabilitation Act (TATRA) Project

### Tools & Guides 

                          - Charting the Course: Supporting the Career Development of Youth with Learning Disabilities
                          - Child Labor Rules Advisor
                          - Explore Career and Educational Opportunities
                          - MySkillsMyFuture
                          - Occupational Outlook Handbook
                          - Regulations for Unpaid Internships
                          - State-based Occupational Health Surveillance Clearinghouse
                          - Ticket to Work Program
                          - Tunnels and Cliffs: A Guide for Workforce Development Practitioners and Policymakers Serving Youth with Mental Health Needs
                          - USDA Living Science
                          - Young Workers

### Training Resources 

                          - Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Youth Flash Training Series

### Videos & Podcasts 

                          - Know Your Health Benefits Rights Video
                          - Saving Matters Video
                          - Share with Youth: CareerOneStop's Video Collection
                          - Share with Youth: Health Profession Opportunity Grant Spotlight on Kelly
                          - Share with Youth: Job Corps Means — Feeling Needed
                          - Share With Youth: Job Corps Voices: Kevin and Green Career Training — Career Training and Education Program
                          - TechGirls 2013: A Network of Young Innovators
                          - Video: Job Corps Voices — Brittany and Making a Better Future — Career Training and Education Program
                          - Video: Reflections on The White House Internship Program

### Websites 

                          - Apprenticeship.gov
                          - Federal Network for Young Worker Safety and Health
                          - Help Youth Connect to Internships!
                          - Interagency Council on Homelessness
                          - Kids.gov
                          - Recovery.gov
                          - Resource: Disability and Apprenticeship
                          - Resources to Assist Apprenticeship Programs
                          - Saving Matters
                          - Student Leaders Speak About Preparing for 21st Century Careers
                          - The Campaign for Disability Employment
                          - Workforce System Strategies
                          - www.MyFuture.com
                          - Young Worker Safety and Health
                          - Youth@Work
                          - Youth@Work: Talking Safety
                          - YouthBuild AmeriCorps: A Path Out of Poverty

### Youth Topics 

                          - Employment
                          - Opportunity Youth

## Youth Briefs

How Individualized Education Program (IEP) Transition Planning Makes a Difference for Youth with Disabilities
Youth who receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 2004) and especially young adults of transition age, should be involved in planning for life after high school as early as possible and no later than age 16. Transition services should stem from the individual youth’s needs and strengths, ensuring that planning takes into account his or her interests, preferences, and desires for the future.

Youth Transitioning to Adulthood: How Holding Early Leadership Positions Can Make a Difference
Research links early leadership with increased self-efficacy and suggests that leadership can help youth to develop decision making and interpersonal skills that support successes in the workforce and adulthood. In addition, young leaders tend to be more involved in their communities, and have lower dropout rates than their peers. Youth leaders also show considerable benefits for their communities, providing valuable insight into the needs and interests of young people

How Trained Service Professionals and Self-Advocacy Makes a Difference for Youth with Mental Health, Substance Abuse, or Co-occurring Issues
Statistics reflecting the number of youth suffering from mental health, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders highlight the necessity for schools, families, support staff, and communities to work together to develop targeted, coordinated, and comprehensive transition plans for young people with a history of mental health needs and/or substance abuse.

Young Adults Formerly in Foster Care: Challenges and Solutions
Nearly 30,000 youth aged out of foster care in Fiscal Year 2009, which represents nine percent of the young people involved in the foster care system that year. This transition can be challenging for youth, especially youth who have grown up in the child welfare system.

Coordinating Systems to Support Transition Age Youth with Mental Health Needs
Research has demonstrated that as many as one in five children/youth have a diagnosable mental health disorder. Read about how coordination between public service agencies can improve treatment for these youth.

Civic Engagement Strategies for Transition Age Youth
Civic engagement has the potential to empower young adults, increase their self-determination, and give them the skills and self-confidence they need to enter the workforce. Read about one youth’s experience in AmeriCorps National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC).

## Main navigation

- Employment
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- Experiences for Youth
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- Qualifications and Attributes Critical to Employers
- Connection to Education
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- References

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## Latest Resources

### Announcements

Share with Youth: Intelligence and Cybersecurity Diversity Fellowship Program

Resource: Change and Implementation in Practice: Teaming Worksheets

Share with Youth: Youth Reentry Technical Assistance (YRTA) Center Fellowship Program

### Collaboration Profiles

Program Components

Program Collaboration

Worcester Youth Development and Professional Leadership Symposium

### Feature Articles

YE4C Accepting Applications for the Editorial Board

New Toolkit on Education & Careers for Youth on YE4C

Just Launched! Redesigned YE4C

### Publications

High School Apprenticeship Toolkit

Youth Apprenticeship

Report: Combatting Religious Discrimination Today

### Resources

Resource: Next Level Now (NLN) Collaborative Community

Report: High School Students’ Views on Who Influences Their Thinking about Education and Careers

Report: Participation in High School Career and Technical Education and Postsecondary Enrollment

### Youth Topics

Opportunity Youth

Employment