NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 89

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

Volume 89

BOREAS Level-0 NS001 TMS Imagery:

Digital Counts in BIL Format

Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Roseanne Dominguez, ATAC, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

September 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010021954 2018-05-15T06:34:09+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 89

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

Volume 89

BOREAS Level-0 NS001 TMS Imagery:

Digital Counts in BIL Format

Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Roseanne Dominguez, ATAC, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

September 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS Level-0 NS001 TMS Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format

Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Roseanne Dominguez

Summary

For BOREAS, the NS001 TMS imagery, along with the other remotely sensed images, was collected

in order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information

includes detailed land cover and biophysical parameter maps such as fPAR and LAI. Data collections

occurred over the study areas during the 1994 field campaigns.

Note that the level-0 NS001 data are not contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set. An inventory

listing file is supplied on the CD-ROM to inform users of the data that were collected. See Section 15

for information about how to acquire actual level-0 NS001 images.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS Level-0 NS001 TMS Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Staff Science effort covered those activities

that were BOREAS community-level activities or required uniform data collection procedures across

sites and time. These activities included the acquisition, processing, and archiving of eight-band

NS001 Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data collected on the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) C-130 aircraft. The NS001 provided spectral

image data very similar to that of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM).

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

The BOREAS Staff Science effort covered those activities that were BOREAS community-level

activities or required uniform data collection procedures across sites and time. These activities included

the acquisition, processing, and archiving of eight-band NS001 TMS MSS data collected on NASA's

C- 130 aircraft.

For BOREAS, the NS001 TMS imagery, along with the other remotely sensed images, was

collected in order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This

information includes detailed land cover and biophysical parameter maps such as fraction of

Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fPAR), and Leaf Area Index (LAI).

1.4 Summary of Parameters

NS001 level-0 image data in the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) contain the following

parameters:

• Original housekeeping and calibration information and image bands 1 to 8 in the Ames

Research Center (ARC) Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) format.

1.5 Discussion

BORIS staff processed the NS001 TMS level-0 images by:

• Extracting pertinent header information from the level-0 image product and placing it in an

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) file on disk

• Reading the information in the disk file and loading the online data base with needed

information

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS Level-0 C-130 Navigation Data

BOREAS Level-0 C-130 Aerial Photography

BOREAS Level-lb ASAS Imagery

BOREAS Level-lb MAS Imagery: At-sensor Radiance, Relative X and Y Coordinates

BOREAS Level-0 TIMS Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format

BOREAS Level-lb TIMS Imagery: At-sensor Radiance in BSQ Format

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

BOREAS Staff Science

2.2 Title of Investigation

BOREAS Staff Science Aircraft Data Acquisition Program

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Jeffrey S. Myers

Aircraft Data and Sensor Facilities

NASA Ames Research Center

MS 240-6 (Bldg. 240, Rm. 219)

Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000

(415) 604-6253

(415) 604-4987 (fax)

jmyers@ mail. arc .nasa. gov

Page 2
Contact 2:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

The NASA Earth Resources Aircraft Program at ARC operates the C-130 aircraft to acquire data for

Earth science research. The NS001 MSS used on the C-130 aircraft collects radiance measurements in

the seven Landsat-4 and -5 TM bands plus a band from 1,000 to 1,300 nm. Therefore, when reflected

or emitted radiation from Earth surface features is measured from the aircraft, inferences can be made

about Landsat satellite measurements.

Thematic considerations have dictated, within technical constraints, the choice of spectral band

position and width in the NS001 sensor. Eight bands were selected, seven of which correspond to

Landsat TM bands. These bands were chosen after many years of analysis for their value in

discrimination of several Earth surface features. A blue (0.45 to 0.52 ]am) band provides increased

penetration of water bodies as well as supporting analyses of land use, soil, and vegetation

characteristics. The lower wavelength cutoff is just below the peak transmittance of clear water, while

the upper wavelength cutoff is the limit of blue chlorophyll absorption for healthy green vegetation.

Wavelengths below 450 nm are substantially influenced by atmospheric scattering and absorption.

A green (0.52 to 0.60 ]am) band spans the region between the blue and red chlorophyll absorption

bands and therefore corresponds to the green reflectance of healthy vegetation. A red (0.63 to 0.69

]am) band includes the chlorophyll absorption band of healthy green vegetation and represents one of

the most important bands for vegetation discrimination. The latter is also useful for soil and geological

boundary delineations. A reflective-infrared (0.76 to 0.90 ]am) band is especially responsive to the

amount of vegetation biomass present in a scene. It is useful for crop identification and emphasizes

soil-crop and land-water contrasts.

Two of the three mid-infrared (1.00 to 1.30 ]am; 1.55 to 1.75 ]am) bands are sensitive to the

turgidity or amount of water in plants. Such information is useful in crop drought studies and in plant

vigor investigations. In addition, these are two of the few bands that can be used to discriminate

between clouds, snow, and ice, which is very important in hydrologic research. The other

mid-infrared band (2.08 to 2.35 ]am) is important for the discrimination of geologic rock formations. It

has been shown to be particularly effective in identifying zones of hydrothermal alteration in rocks.

Finally, the thermal infrared (10.4 to 12.5 ]am) band measures the amount of infrared radiant flux

emitted from surfaces. The apparent temperature is a function of the emissivities and true or kinetic

temperature of the surface. It is useful for geothermal activity location, thermal inertia mapping for

geologic investigations, vegetation classification, vegetation stress analysis, and soil moisture studies.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

The NS001 TMS instruments are designed to simulate spectral, spatial, and radiometric

characteristics of the TM sensor on the Landsat-4 and -5 spacecraft. The NS001 is generally flown at

medium altitudes aboard NASA's C-130 aircraft based at ARC and provides 12.2-meter resolution at

nadir at an altitude of 4,878 meters (16,000 feet). The NS001 sensor differs slightly from the Landsat

TM instruments. It has seven spectral channels that are very similar to those of the TM sensor, but has

an additional infrared channel, as follows:

Comparable

Page 3
NS001 Channel Wavelength, _m Landsat TM Band

0 45-0 52

0 52-0 60

0 63-0 69

0 76-0 90

1 00-i 30

1 55-1 75

2 08-2 35

i0 40-12 .5

4.1.1 Collection Environment

As part of the BOREAS Staff Science data collection effort, the ARC Medium Altitude Aircraft

Branch collected and processed eight-band NS001 TMS MSS data to BOREAS level-0 products. The

NS001 was flown on NASA's C-130 aircraft during the BOREAS mission (see the BOREAS

Experiment Plan for flight pattern details and objectives).

Maintenance and operation of the instrument are the responsibility of ARC. The C-130

Experimenter's Handbook (supplemental) produced by the Medium Altitude Aircraft Branch at ARC

provides a description of the instrument, calibration procedures, and data format. Data from the level-0

tapes provided by ARC can be decoded based on the contents of the handbook.

NS001 data may be intentionally overscanned; e.g., operated at some integral multiple of the

desired scan rate and then subsampled in preprocessing. The subsampling factor is reported under the

label "demagnification factor."

4.1.2 Source/Platform

NASA's C-130 Earth Resources Aircraft.

4.1.3 Sonree/Platform Mission Objeetives

The original purpose of the scanner was to provide low-altitude data in the Landsat TM bands for

analysis prior to the launch of the satellite, and to provide calibration information from under-flights

subsequent to the launch of the satellite.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Emitted radiation, reflected radiation, and temperature.

4.1.5 Prineiples of Operation

Design parameters of the NS001 are based on the specifications of the Landsat TM with respect to

spectral band characteristics. A single spectrometer disperses the energy to cover the first six bands

from 0.45 pm to 1.75 pm. An array, employing silicon, germanium, and indium antimonide detectors,

is used. Band 7 is separated by a dichroic bandpass filter. Band 8, in the 10.4 pm to 12.5 pm region,

is detected by a cooled mercury-cadmium-telluride detector.

Variable velocity over height (V/H) conditions are compensated by a variable speed motor that

drives the scan mirror.

Each channel uses a preamplifier to provide initial video amplification. Gain and level control of

video signals are adjustable from the operator's control panel. Each channel is digitized to an 8-bit

resolution and is multiplexed with calibration and housekeeping data.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Instantaneous Field-of-View (IFOV) 2.5 mrad

Total Scan Angle i00 degrees

Pixels/Scan Line 699

Sensor footprint is 12.2 m by 12.2 m at nadir at 4,878 meters altitude.

4.1.7 Mannfaetnrer of Sensor/Instrument

Page 4
NASA/LyndonB. JohnsonSpaceCenter

Houston,TX

LockheedElectronicsCompany,Inc.

SystemsandServicesDivision

Houston,TX

4.2 Calibration

TheNS001includestwo full-apertureblackbodiesandoneintegratingspherewithin thescan

mirror cavity.Theyareviewedeachscanbytheinstrument,andtheresponsesareembeddedin the

datastream.Blackbodytemperaturesandlampcurrentdataaremultiplexedwith scanneroutputdata.

Theblackbodyirradianceisdeterminedby its monitoredtemperatureandestimatedemissivity.The

blackbodiesarealsocross-checkedperiodicallyby comparingtheNS001responsesto theblackbodies

andanexternalprecisionblackbody.Theinternalsphereis calibratedby referenceto anexternallight

source.

Theprincipalsourceusedfor calibratingtheinternalspherefor BOREASin 1994wasa76cm

diameterintegratingsphereownedby ARCandcalibratedby theStandardsandCalibrationOfficeat

GSFC.Thespherecontains12internallymountedquartzhalogenlamps.Estimateduncertaintyin the

calibrationof thesphereis+/-5%.TheApril 1994calibrationof thespherewasusedto calibratethe

internalcalibrationsourcein theNS001in 1994.

4.2.1 Specifications

The wavelength ranges (in pm) of the bands for the NS001 are:

Band Detector Wavelength Noise Equivalent (NE) (delta P) %

1 Si 0.458 - 0.5

2 Si 0.529 - 0.6

3 Si 0.633 - 0.6

4 Si 0.767 - 0.9

5 Ge 1.13 - 1.35

6 Ge 1.57 - 1.71

7 InSb 2.10 - 2.38

8 HgCdTe 10.9 - 12.3

19

03

97

i0

0 5

0 5

0 5

0 5

1 0

1 0

2 0

NE (delta T) = 0.25 K

DESIGN DATA:

IFOV

Across-track FOV

Nominal aperture diameter

Effective aperture area

f/number

Primary focal length

Inflight calibration

Short wavelength array temperature

V/H range

Scan rate

Scan speed stability

Data quantization

Number of video samples/scan line

Roll compensation

Scan mirror

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

2.5 mrad

i00 degrees

10.16 cm

72.4 cm 2

1.85

18.8 cm

Integrating sphere and two

controllable blackbodies

255 K

Variable 0.025 to 0.25

Variable i0 to i00 scans/sec.

One-third of the IFOV, scan

line to scan line

8 bits (256 discrete levels)

699

+/-15 degrees

45-degree rotating mirror

Page 5
TheNS001channelsweredesignedfor NEreflectancedifferencesfor thechannels,representedby

theradiometricsensitivity[NE(deltaP) %;NE(deltaT) K] shownin Section4.2.1.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

An integratingsphereandtwocontrollablethermalblackbodies(BB1andBB2) areintegralto the

NS001scanner.Eachisviewedonceduringacompleterevolutionof thescanmirror.Thetwothermal

blackbodiesareprincipallyusedto spantherecordedthermalimage,therebyprovidingascalingfactor

for themeasureddata.Thesurfaceof BB2is alsousedto providethetarevalue(darkestobjectviewed

per sweep)for thesevennonthermaldetectors.Tarevalueis artificially setabovezerocounts(e.g.,

8-10counts)to compensatefor any systemdrift.

ForBOREAS,oneof theblackbodiesis usedfor theinternallampoffset.Theaverageof thetwo

blackbodiesis usedfor thesceneoffset.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

4.2.3.1 Reflective Band Calibration

The BB2 View is used for the internal source offset; i.e., the gain is calculated in effect as:

Gain = (Ref. Lamp View - BB2 View) / Ref. Lamp Spectral Radiance

The reference lamp spectral radiance is determined by preseason calibration relative to the integrating

sphere. The apparent scene spectral radiance in Watts/(m2 sr ]am) can then be calculated as:

(pixel value - (BB 1 View + BB2 View) / 2) / Gain

4.2.3.2 Thermal Band Calibration

GSFC Gain (G), Offset (O), as found in the header summary file(s) are calculated as follows:

a) Calculate blackbody radiances, Lw(mW/cmZ/sr/lam) (assume emissivity=l) for BB 1 and BB2

temperatures T(K) e.g.

For example:

Lw,bbl = [K1 / (exp(K2/Tbbl)-l)]

where: K1 = 607.05 W/cmZ/sr/]am

K2 = 1258.39 K

K1, K2 were "best fit" parameters for the temperature range of 273-323 K using the 8/87 NS001

spectral data and the Planck equation.

b) G = [(BB2 View - BB1 View) /(Lw,BB2 - Lw,BB1)]

(DN/mW/cmZ/sr/]am)

O = BB 1 View - G * Lw,BB 1 (DN)

Target Radiance (Lw) can then be calculated as:

(pixel value - O) / G

and at-sensor apparent temperature as:

Y = [K2 / (ln(K1/Lw + 1)]

Page 6
5. Data Acquisition Methods

As part of the BOREAS Staff" Science data collection eflbrt, ARC Medium Altitude Aircraft Branch

collected and processed 8-band NS001 TMS MSS data to BOREAS level-0 products. The NS001 was

flown on NASA's C-130 aircraft during the BOREAS mission (see the BOREAS Experiment Plan for

flight pattern details and objectives).

Maintenance and operation of the instrument are the responsibility of ARC. The C-130

Experimenter's Handbook (supplemental) produced by the Medium Altitude Aircraft Branch at ARC

provides a description of the instrument, calibration procedures, and data format. Data from the level-0

tapes provided by ARC can be decoded based on the contents of the handbook.

NS001 data may be intentionally overscanned; e.g., operated at some integral multiple of the

desired scan rate and then subsampled in preprocessing. The subsampling factor is reported under the

label "demagnification factor."

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

See Section 11.

6.2 Field Notes

Flight summary reports and verbal records on videotapes are available for the BOREAS NS001

data.

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The BOREAS level-0 NS001 TMS images cover portions of the Southern Study Area (SSA) and

the Northern Study Area (NSA). A few images were acquired for the transect area between the SSA

and the NSA. The SSA and the NSA are located in the southwest and northeast portions of the overall

BOREAS region.

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) comer coordinates of the SSA are:

Latitude Longitude

Northwest 54.321 N 106.228 W

Northeast 54.225 N 104.237 W

Southwest 53.515 N 106.321 W

Southeast 53.420 N 104.368 W

The NAD83 comer coordinates of the NSA are:

Latitude Longitude

Northwest 56.249 N 98.825 W

Northeast 56.083 N 97.234 W

Southwest 55.542 N 99.045 W

Southeast 55.379 N 97.489 W

Page 7
7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Typical altitudes for BOREAS were around 5,000 m, producing a 12.5-m pixel at nadir given the

NS001's 2.5-mrad IFOV.

7.1.4 Projection

The BOREAS level-0 NS001 images are stored in their original data collection frame with

increasing pixel sizes from nadir to the scanning extremes based on the scan angle.

7.1.5 Grid Description

The BOREAS level-0 NS001 images are stored in their original data collection frame with

increasing pixel sizes from nadir to the scanning extremes based on the scan angle.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The data were collected during BOREAS' Field Campaigns, covering the period from

16-Apr- 1994 through 17-Sep- 1994.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

IFC# Dates

FFC-T 16-Apr-1994

IFC-I 26-May-1994

IFC-2 21-Ju1-1994

IFC-3 06-Sep-1994

-- 20-Apr-1994

-- 08-Jun-1994

-- 08-Aug-1994

-- 17-Sep-1994

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Images were acquired on multiple days during each of the IFCs.

7.3 Data Characteristics

A level-0 NS001 image from BORIS is contained in a single file. Each record of a level-0 NS001

data file contains 6,000 bytes. The number of records in a file varies depending on the length of the

flight line. Detailed information about the contents of the data file is provided in Section 8 of this

document.

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The main parameter contained in the image data files is:

Digital Number (DN) . The other parameters contained in the NS001

housekeeping are described in section 8.2.

The parameters contained in the inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

Page 8
NUM BANDS

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

C130 MISSION ID

C130 LINE NUM

C130 RUN NUM

C130 SITE

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

NS001 MEAN FRAME STATUS

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

CRTFCN CODE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

For the image data files:

Digital Number (DN) - The quantized DN derived by the NS001 TMS scanning system

for the respective channel.

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

NUM BANDS

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

The general term used to denote the spatial area

over which the data were collected.

The date on which the data were collected.

The starting Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for the

data collected.

The ending Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for the

data collected.

The object (e.g., satellite, aircraft, tower,

person) that supported the instrument.

The name of the device used to make the

measurements.

The number of spectral bands in the data.

The nominal altitude of the data collection

platform above the target.

The minimum angle from the surface normal

(straight up) to the sun during the data

collection.

The maximum angle from the surface normal

(straight up) to the sun during the data

collection.

The minimum azimuthal direction of the sun

during data collection expressed in clockwise

Page 9
MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

C130 MISSION ID

C130 LINE NUM

C130 RUN NUM

C130 SITE

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

NS001 MEAN FRAME STATUS

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

increments from North.

The maximum azimuthal direction of the sun

during data collection expressed in clockwise

increments from North.

The mission identifier assigned to the C130

mission in the form of YY-DDD-FF where YY is the

last two digits of the fiscal year, DDD is the

deployment number for "official" C130 missions

and is day of year for non-"official" C130

missions (i.e., no site coverage), and FF is the

flight number within the given deployment (00 is

given for non-"official" C130 missions) . An

example would be 94-006-04.

The number of the C130 line in its flights over

the BOREAS area as given in the flight logs.

Zero values are given for non-"official" C130

missions and for data between C130 sites or

lines.

The number of the C130 run in its flights over

the BOREAS area as given in the flight logs.

Zero value is given for non-"official" C130

missions and data between C130 sites, lines or

runs.

The C130 site designator as given in the flight

logs. PRE is used for data taken from the

airport to the first "official" C130 site, BTW is

used for data taken between two "official" C130

sites, DSC is used for data taken after the last

"official" C130 site, TRN is used for transect

data, and YTH and YPA are used for data taken at

the YTH and YPA airports (aircraft never

left the ground).

The data analyst's assessment of the quality of

the spectral bands in the data.

The data analyst's assessment of the cloud cover

that exists in the data.

The mean frame status calculated from the

respective values on the digital tape of NS001

data collected during the given flight. Values

other than zero indicate interpolated, repeated,

or zero filled lines in the image.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the northwest corner of the minimum bounding rectangle

for the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

northwest corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the north

east corner of the minimum bounding rectangle for

the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

north east corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the south

Page 10
SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

CRTFCN CODE

west corner of the minimum bounding rectangle for

the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

southwest corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the south

east corner of the minimum bounding rectangle for

the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

southeast corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

F0r theimage datafiles:Digital Number (DN) - counts

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

NUM BANDS

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

C130 MISSION ID

C130 LINE NUM

C130 RUN NUM

C130 SITE

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

NS001 MEAN FRAME STATUS

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

CRTFCN CODE

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[HHMM GMT]

[HHMM GMT]

[none]

[none]

[counts]

[meters]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[none]

[none]

[none]

[none]

[none]

[none]

[unitless]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[none]

Page 11
7.3.4 Data Source

The level-0 NS001 TMS data were collected by the NS001 instrument on the C130 aircraft. The

data were processed from the aircraft tapes and supplied to BOREAS by the Medium Altitude Aircraft

Branch at ARC. The source of the parameter values contained in the inventory listing file on the

CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

NUM BANDS

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

C130 MISSION ID

C130 LINE NUM

C130 RUN NUM

C130 SITE

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

NS001 MEAN FRAME STATUS

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

[Determined from latitude and longitude

information provided in the NASA Ames flight

summary reports]

[Software derived from NS001 housekeeping data]

[Software derived from NS001 housekeeping data]

[Software derived from NS001 housekeeping data]

[Data base constant]

[Data base constant]

[Data base constant]

[Determined from latitude and longitude

information provided in the NASA Ames flight

summary reports]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Taken from the delivered tape label and the NASA

Ames Flight Summary Reports]

[Taken from the delivered tape label and the NASA

Ames Flight Summary Reports]

[Taken from the delivered tape label and the NASA

Ames Flight Summary Reports]

[Taken from the delivered tape label and the NASA

Ames Flight Summary Reports]

[Constant software parameter value]

[Constant software parameter value]

[Software derived from NS001 housekeeping data]

[Calculated with software from the C130 altitude

and heading, starting and ending flight line

latitude and longitude, and the static NS001 scan

angle information]

[Calculated with software from the C130 altitude

and heading, starting and ending flight line

latitude and longitude, and the static NS001 scan

angle information]

[Calculated with software from the C130 altitude

and heading, starting and ending flight line

latitude and longitude, and the static NS001 scan

angle information]

[Calculated with software from the C130 altitude

and heading, starting and ending flight line

latitude and longitude, and the static NS001 scan

Page 12
SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

CRTFCN CODE

angle information]

[Calculated with software from the C130 altitude

and heading, starting and ending flight line

latitude and longitude, and the static NS001 scan

angle information]

[Calculated with software from the C130 altitude

and heading, starting and ending flight line

latitude and longitude, and the static NS001 scan

angle information]

[Calculated with software from the C130 altitude

and heading, starting and ending flight line

latitude and longitude, and the static NS001 scan

angle information]

[Calculated with software from the C130 altitude

and heading, starting and ending flight line

latitude and longitude, and the static NS001 scan

angle information]

[Constant data base value]

7.3.5 Data Range

The maximum range of DNs in each level-0 NS001 image band is limited from 0 (zero) to 255 so

that the values can be stored in a single 8-bit (1-byte) field. The following table gives information

about the parameter values found in the inventory table on the CD-ROM.

Column Name

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SPATIAL COVERAGE N/A N/A None None None None

DATE OBS 16-APR-94 17-SEP-94 None None None None

START TIME 6 2343 None None None None

END TIME 6 2237 None None None None

PLATFORM C130 C130 None None None None

INSTRUMENT N/A N/A None None None None

NUM BANDS 8 8 None None None None

PLATFORM ALTITUDE 106 8025 None None None None

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG 32.3 64.8 None None None None

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG 33.3 71.3 None None None None

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG 92.9 274.3 None None None None

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG 94.1 283.1 None None None None

C130 MISSION ID 94-004-09 94-009-09 None None None None

C130 LINE NUM 1 703 None None None None

C130 RUN NUM 1 3 None None None None

C130 SITE 429 433 None None None None

BAND QUALITY N/A N/A None None None None

CLOUD COVER N/A N/A None None None None

NS001 MEAN FRAME 0 40 -99 None None None

STATUS

NW LATITUDE 53.02807 56.3363 None None None None

NW LONGITUDE -106.53493 -97.90026 None None None None

NE LATITUDE 53.02709 56.09363 None None None None

NE LONGITUDE -106.23253 -97.65146 None None None None

SW LATITUDE 53.00191 56.0027 None None None None

SW LONGITUDE -106.61522 -97.96021 None None None None

Page 13
SE LATITUDE 53.00094 55.9992 None None None None

SE LONGITUDE -106.24214 -97.76988 None None None None

CRTFCN CODE PRE PRE None None None None

Minimum Data Value - The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value - The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value - The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the parameter

value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value - The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the parameter

value, but the value was deemed to be unreliable by the

analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit - The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to indicate

that an attempt was made to determine the parameter value,

but the analysis personnel determined that the parameter

value was below the detection limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd - This value indicates that no attempt was made to determine the

parameter value. This usually indicates that BORIS combined

several similar but not identical data sets into the same data

base table but this particular science team did not measure

that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that a blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

A sample data record for the level-0 NS001 images is not available here. The following are

wrapped versions of the first few records from the level-0 NS001 inventory table on the CD-ROM:

SPATIAL COVERAGE,DATE OBS,START TIME,END TIME,PLATFORM, INSTRUMENT,NUM BANDS,

PLATFORM ALTITUDE,MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG,MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG,MIN SOLAR AZ ANG,

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG,CI30 MISSION ID,CI30 LINE NUM, CI30 RUN NUM, CI30 SITE,

BAND QUALITY,CLOUD COVER, NS001 MEAN FRAME STATUS,NW LATITUDE,NW LONGITUDE,

NE LATITUDE,NE LONGITUDE,SW LATITUDE,SW LONGITUDE,SE LATITUDE,SE LONGITUDE,

CRTFCN CODE

'SSA-9OA',I6-APR-94,1606,1606, 'C130', 'NS001',8,4754.0,56.1,56.3,123.5,123.8,

'94-004-09',301,i, '429', 'NOT ASSESSED', 'NOT ASSESSED',0.0,53.68983,-106.33041,

53.67367,-i05.94092,53.53624,-i06.34776,53.52015,-i05.9597, 'PRE'

'SSA-9OA',I6-APR-94,1606,1610, 'C130', 'NS001',8,4754.0,55.8,56.1,123.8,124.6,

'94-004-09',301,i, '429', 'NOT ASSESSED', 'NOT ASSESSED',0.0,53.68983,-106.33041,

53.673 46,-i05.93592,53.53646,-i06.34773,53.52015,-i05.9547, 'PRE'

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data for level-0 NS001 images is a single image. Although the image inventory

is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual level-0 NS001 images are not. See Section 15

for information about how to obtain the data.

Page 14
8.2 Data Format(s)

The CD-ROM inventory listing file consists of numerical and character fields of varying length

separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no

spaces between the fields.

A level-0 NS001 image from BORIS is contained in a single file. Each record of a level-0 NS001

data file contains 6,000 bytes. The number of records in a file varies depending on the length of the

flight line. Each physical record of 6,000 bytes contains eight logical records of 750 bytes. These sets

of eight logical records contain the consecutive eight bands of NS001 data for a given image line in

BIL format. Each logical record contains 50 bytes of housekeeping information, 699 bytes of image

data, and 1 filler byte. The fields containing 16- or 32-bit (2- or 4-byte) values are stored as high-order

byte first. For computer systems using low-order byte first ordering, the bytes in these fields need to

be swapped before they can be interpreted properly. The specific logical record structure is:

Bytes Description

1-50 Channel Scanline Housekeeping Information

1 - 2

3 - 4

5 - 8

9- i0

ii - 12

13 - 14

15 - 16

17 - 18

19 - 20

21 - 22

23 - 24

25 - 26

27 - 28

29 - 30

31 - 32

33 - 36

37 - 38

39 - 40

41 - 42

43 - 44

45 - 46

Data Frame Status

0 Good frame

i0 Interpolated data

20 Repeated data

30 Zero-fill for data

Radiance Per Count Calibration Values

Visible channel (1-7) flight calibration values

in units of tens (not tenths) of nanowatts per square

centimeter per micron per steradian per count.

Thermal channel is not used.

Scanline Count (32-bit integer)

BBI Thermistor Count

BB2 Thermistor Count

BBI Thermal Reference Temperature in units

of hundredths of degrees C

BB2 Thermal Reference Temperature in units

of hundredths of degrees C

Scan Speed in units of hundredths of scans per second

GMT Hours

GMT Minutes

GMT Seconds in units of tenths of seconds

Demagnification Value (X i00)

Total Air Temperature (TAT) in units of tenths of °C

TAT algorithm is TAT(°C):0.483(16-bit value)-70.4

Gain Value (X i000)

Visible channel (1-7) gain value is defined as

i000 times (REF LAMP RAD COUNT minus BBI RAD COUNT)

divided by (the laboratory value of reference lamp

less tare).

Thermal channel (8) is not used.

Channel Number

Time (GMT)expressed as a 7-digit number HHMMSST

BBI Radiance Count

BB2 Radiance Count

Reference Lamp Voltage Count

Reference Lamp Current Count

Reference Lamp State (16 bits 00000000ab000000)

Page 15
47

49

- 48

- 50

a=l means reference lamp selected as visible high-level

calibration source

b:0 means lamp has degraded below predetermined

level of 12.8V

b=l means lamp has not degraded below predetermined level

(i.e., a value of 192 (: 128 + 64) indicates a good lamp state

Reference Lamp Radiance Count

Precision Radiation Thermometer (PRT-5) in units of

tenths of °C (-40.0 to +70.0 °fC)

(memo 21-Feb-1985)

51

51

52

53

54

749

750

- 749 Digitized Video Pixel Information (see note

Digitized Video Pixel #699; Image Pixel #i

Digitized Video Pixel #698; Image Pixel #2

Digitized Video Pixel #697; Image Pixel #3

Digitized Video Pixel #696; Image Pixel #4

Digitized Video Pixel #i; Image Pixel #699

Filler Byte

below)

NOTE: Based on the scanning direction of the NS001 instrument (right to left or clockwise) and how it

is mounted in the C-130 aircraft, the first ground area imaged is to the far left of the aircraft's direction

of travel. This pixel in a given scan line is labeled as Video Pixel #1, and the last ground area imaged

(to the far right of the aircraft's direction of travel) is labeled as Video Pixel #699. This set of video

pixels is reversed in order when they are written to the level-0 tape file records so that the pixels are in

the correct spatial position when read by the user.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

BORIS staff processed the level-0 NS001 imagery by:

• Extracting pertinent header and calibration information from the level-0 image product and

writing it to a disk file

• Reading the information in the disk file and loading the online data base with needed

information

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

Page 16
9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

The NS001 data are calibrated in-flight by reference to the NS001 internal integrating sphere

source. Apparent instabilities in this source or its monitoring circuitry, which are not fully understood,

are the principal limiting factors in the absolute calibration of NS001 data. Uncertainties caused solely

by this behavior reached 25% in 1987, though more typically they are expected to be less than 15%.

Other identified error sources at the 1-2% level for typical signals include dark current drift along the

scan line, hysteresis-like sensitivity changes along the scan line, random noise, scan-speed-induced

errors, and nonlinearity of radiance with wavelength.

Channel 7 (2.08-2.35 ]am) shows a number of peculiarities that are hysteresis-like, including a

change in the apparent dark current drift along scan with scene brightness and a drop in sensitivity in

scanning across a bright target of an estimated 8% over the total 100-degree scan angle. Polarization

sensitivity of the NS001 was such that for typical atmospheric conditions, errors in channel 1

(0.45-0.52 ]am) radiances would be up to +/-10% and vary with scan angle; this progressively

decreases with increasing wavelength (Markham and Abroad, 1992).

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Spectral errors could arise from image-wide signal-to-noise ratio, saturation, cross-talk, spikes,

and response normalization caused by a change in gain.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

System optical focus is continually monitored by close observation of the apparent sharpness and

resolution of objects appearing in scenes after data processing. Although this is somewhat subjective,

the approach has proved to be a viable alternative compared to the classical resolution measurement

method.

The latter method requires removing the scanner system from the C-130 airplane with subsequent

setup. This is not a practical option during the flying/deployment portion of the year. However, any

observed focus degradation would be corrected by focus adjustment.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

The NE spectral radiance for the channels ranges from 0.08 to 2.77 microwatts per square cm.

Uncertainties caused by the behavior of the internal integrating sphere reached 25% in 1987, though

more typically they are expected to be less than 15%.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

None, other than reviewing the values extracted from the tape files and loaded in the data base.

Page 17
1 1. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

To date, the following discrepancies/problems have been noted in the data:

• Certain values in the header information, such as MEAN FRAME STATUS, MEAN and

STDV GSFC, and AMES GAIN and OFFSETS, especially for bands 7 and 8, were outside

the valid range for these parameters. Such values, when found, were entered into the BORIS

data base as the number -99.0 or -999.0, depending on the data base field width. The problem

appears to occur at random.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None.

11.3 Usage Guidance

The NS001 data are not geometrically corrected. The data contain both panoramic distortion, as a

function of the 100-degree total FOV, as well as other spatial perturbations induced by a moving

aircraft.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

Two in-flight adjustments are made that affect the radiometric calibration of the reflective channels.

The primary adjustment is to the postamplifier gain of each chalmel. This is adjusted with a

channel-specific potentiometer before and between data acquisitions to optimize the spread of the data

across the range of the A/D converter (8 bits). The gain settings are continuously variable and are not

directly recorded in the data; they are inferred from changes in the instrument response to the

integrating sphere. The second adjustment is for scan speed, which is adjusted between 10 and 85

scans per second to maintain contiguous scan lines, or some multiple of contiguous lines if contiguity

is not maintainable at the altitude required for data collection. Typical altitudes for BOREAS in 1994

were 5,000 m, which produced 12.5-m pixels at nadir given the NS001's 2.5-mrad IFOV.

Although the image inventory is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual level-0 NS001

images are not. See Section 15 for information about how to acquire the actual level-0 NS001 images.

12. Application of the Data Set

These data can be used to supplement the Landsat TM coverage of the BOREAS areas during 1994 for

high-resolution mapping of the ground surface.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

None. The NS001 instrument was decommissioned in October 1995.

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

BORIS staff developed software and command procedures for:

• Extracting header information from level-0 NS001 TMS images on tape and writing it to

ASCII files on disk

• Reading the ASCII disk file and logging the level-0 NS001 image products into the Oracle

data base tables

Page 18
14.2 Software Access

The software is written in C and is operational on VAX 6410 and MicroVAX 3100 systems at

GSFC. The primary dependencies in the software are the tape I/O library and the Oracle data base

utility routines.

15. Data Access

The level-0 NS001 TMS images are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information

System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center

(DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

The BOREAS level-0 NS001 TMS data can be made available on 8-mm, Digital Archive Tape

(DAT), or 9-track tapes at 1600 or 6250 Bytes Per Inch (BPI).

16.2 Film Products

Color aerial photographs and video records were made during data collection. The video record

includes aircraft crew cabin intercom conversations and an audible tone that was initiated each time the

sensor was triggered. The BOREAS data base contains an inventory of available BOREAS aircraft

flight documentation, such as flight logs, videotapes, and photographs.

Page 19
16.3 Other Products

Although the image inventory is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual level-0 NS001

images are not. See Section 15 for information about how to obtain the data.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

Airborne Instrumentation Research Project - Flight Summary Reports for Flight No. 94-004-09 to

94-009-09 or April 16, 1994, to September 19, 1994. NASA Ames Research Center. Airborne

Missions and Applications Division. Moffett Field, California. 94035.

NASA. 1990. C-130 Earth Resources Aircraft Experimenter's Handbook. National Aeronautics and

Space Administration. Ames Research Center. Moffett Field, California.

Operations Manual - NS001 Multispectral Scanner. 1977. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Flight Center.

Document # JSC 12715.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Ahmad, S.P. and B.L. Markham. 1992. Radiometric Calibration of a Polarization-Sensitive Sensor. J.

Geophys. Res., Vol. 97:18,815-18,827.

Hall, F.G., P.J. Sellers, I. McPherson, R.D. Kelly, S. Verma, B. Markham, B. Blad, J. Wang, and

D.E. Strebel. 1989. FIFE: Analysis and Results - A Review, Adv. Space Res. 9(7):275-293.

Markham, B.L. and S.P. Ahmad. 1990. Radiometric properties of the NS001 Thematic Mapper

Simulator aircraft multispectral scanner. Remote Sens. Environ., 34:133-149.

Markham, B.L., F.M. Wood, Jr., and S.P. Ahmad. 1988. Radiometric calibration of the reflective

bands of NS001-Thematic Mapper Simulator and Modular Multispectral Radiometers. In: Recent

Advances in Sensors, Radiometry and Data Processing for Remote Sensing. Proc. SPIE Vol. 924,

Bellingham, WA. pp. 96-108.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Newcomer, J.A., S.J. Goetz, D.E. Strebel, and F.G. Hall. 1989. Image processing software for

providing radiometric inputs to land surface climatology models. IGARSS '89.12th Can. Syrup. on

Remote Sensing, pp. 1779-1782.

Richard, R.R., R.F. Merkel, and G.R. Meeks. 1978. NS001MS - Landsat-D Thematic Mapper Band

Aircraft Scanner. In: Proc. 12th Int. Sym. Remote Sens. Environ. pp. 719-728.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Page 20
Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.RansomD. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J.Berry, M. Ryan,K. J.Ranson,

P.M. Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J. Cihlar,J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D. E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin. 1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Strebel,D.E.,S.J.Goetz,andF.G.Hall. 1987.Atmosphericcorrectionof NS001dataandextraction

of multipleanglereflectancedatasets.In: Proc.21stInt. Sym.RemoteSens.Environ.,ERIM, Ann

Arbor, MI, pp. 939-948.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

ARC

ASAS

ASCII

BIL

BOREAS

BORIS

BPI

CCRS

CCT

CD-ROM

DAAC

DAT

DN

EOS

EOSDIS

ERTS

FFC-T

FIFE

FOV

fPAR

GICS

GIS

GMT

GSFC

IFC

19. List of Acronyms

- Ames Research Center

- Advanced Solid-State Array Spectroradiometer

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- Band Interleaved by Line

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Bytes Per Inch

- Canada Centre for Remote Sensing

- Computer Compatible Tape

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Digital Archive Tape

- Digital Number

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Earth Resources Technology Satellite

- Focused Field Campaign - Thaw

- First ISLSCP Field Experiment

- Field-of-View

- fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation

- Geocoded Image Correction System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Intensive Field Campaign

Page 21
IFOV

ISLSCP

LAI

MAS

MODIS

MSS

NAD83

NASA

NE

NSA

ORNL

PANP

PRT

SSA

TAT

TIMS

TM

TMS

URL

- Instantaneous Field-of-View

- International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project

- Leaf Area Index

- MODIS Airborne Simulator

- Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer

- Multispectral Scanner

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Noise Equivalent

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Precision Radiation Thermometer

- Southern Study Area

- Total Air Temperature

- Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner

- Thematic Mapper

- Thematic Mapper Simulator

- Uniform Resource Locator

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date(s)

Written: 09-Jun- 1995

Last Updated: 05-Feb- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 03-Jan- 1997

Science Review: 09-May- 1997

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgement as well as citations of

relevent papers in Section 17.2: The BOREAS Level-0 NS001 TMS data were collected and processed

from the original aircraft tapes by personnel of the Medium Altitude Aircraft Branch at NASA ARC.

Their contributions to providing this data set are greatly appreciated.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

Unknown.

20.6 Document URL

Page 22
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

September 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS Level-0 NS001 TMS Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format 923

6. AUTHOR(S) RTOP: 923-462-33-01

Jeffrey A Newcomer and Roseanne Dominguez

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 89

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

J.A. Newcomer: Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland;

R. Dominguez: ATAC, Inc., NASAAmes Research Center, Moffett Field, California

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

For BOREAS, the NS001 TMS imagery, along with the other remotely sensed images, was collected

in order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information

includes detailed land cover and biophysical parameter maps such as fPAR and LAI. Data collections

occurred over the study areas during the 1994 field campaigns

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, remote sensing science, NS001 TMS imagery.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

22

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102