2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars

Model Year Production (000)

Production 

Percent

Lab City 

MPG

Lab Hwy 

MPG

Lab 55/45 

MPG

Adj City 

MPG

Adj Hwy 

MPG

Adj Comp 

MPG Ton-MPG

Cu FtMPG

Cu FtTonMPG

1975 8237 80.6% 13.7 19.5 15.8 12.3 15.2 13.5 27.6 - -

1976 9722 78.8% 15.2 21.3 17.5 13.7 16.6 14.9 30.2 - -

1977 11300 80.0% 16.0 22.3 18.3 14.4 17.4 15.6 31.0 1780 3423

1978 11175 77.3% 17.2 24.5 19.9 15.5 19.1 16.9 30.6 1908 3345

1979 10794 77.8% 17.7 24.6 20.3 15.9 19.2 17.2 30.2 1922 3301

1980 9443 83.5% 20.3 29.0 23.5 18.3 22.6 20.0 31.2 2136 3273

1981 8733 82.7% 21.7 31.1 25.1 19.6 24.2 21.4 33.1 2338 3547

1982 7819 80.3% 22.3 32.7 26.0 20.1 25.5 22.2 34.2 2419 3645

1983 8002 77.7% 22.1 32.7 25.9 19.9 25.5 22.1 34.7 2476 3776

1984 10675 76.1% 22.4 33.3 26.3 20.2 26.0 22.4 35.1 2482 3776

1985 10791 74.6% 23.0 34.3 27.0 20.7 26.8 23.0 35.8 2553 3884

1986 11015 71.7% 23.7 35.5 27.9 21.2 27.6 23.7 36.2 2598 3899

1987 10731 72.2% 23.9 35.9 28.1 21.2 27.7 23.8 36.2 2584 3872

1988 10736 70.2% 24.2 36.6 28.6 21.4 28.2 24.1 36.9 2631 3963

1989 10018 69.3% 23.8 36.3 28.1 20.9 27.9 23.7 36.8 2591 3977

1990 8810 69.8% 23.4 36.0 27.8 20.5 27.5 23.3 37.1 2528 3984

1991 8524 67.8% 23.6 36.3 28.0 20.5 27.6 23.4 37.0 2540 3970

1992 8108 66.6% 23.1 36.3 27.6 20.0 27.5 23.1 37.4 2534 4071

1993 8456 64.0% 23.6 36.9 28.2 20.3 27.9 23.5 37.7 2580 4098

1994 8415 59.6% 23.4 36.9 28.0 20.0 27.7 23.3 37.9 2554 4108

1995 9396 62.0% 23.6 37.6 28.3 20.0 28.1 23.4 38.3 2584 4171

1996 7890 60.0% 23.5 37.6 28.3 19.8 28.0 23.3 38.3 2572 4186

1997 8335 57.6% 23.7 37.7 28.4 19.8 28.0 23.4 38.3 2565 4168

1998 7972 55.1% 23.7 37.9 28.5 19.7 28.0 23.4 38.7 2565 4210

1999 8379 55.1% 23.4 37.4 28.2 19.4 27.5 23.0 38.7 2531 4237

2000 9128 55.1% 23.5 37.3 28.2 19.3 27.3 22.9 38.6 2534 4246

2001 8408 53.9% 23.7 37.6 28.4 19.4 27.3 23.0 39.1 2551 4280

2002 8304 51.5% 24.0 37.6 28.6 19.4 27.2 23.1 39.3 2572 4331

2003 7922 50.2% 24.2 38.1 29.0 19.5 27.5 23.3 40.0 2591 4394

2004 7538 48.0% 24.1 38.2 28.9 19.3 27.4 23.1 40.3 2601 4464

2005 8027 50.5% 24.7 38.7 29.5 19.6 27.6 23.5 41.0 2677 4590

2006 7993 52.9% 24.4 38.5 29.2 19.4 27.5 23.3 41.6 2655 4649

2007 8085 52.9% 25.4 39.7 30.3 20.1 28.3 24.1 42.8 2733 4734

2008 7329 52.7% 25.6 40.0 30.5 20.3 28.5 24.3 43.3 2749 4784

2009 5562 60.2% 27.0 41.7 32.1 21.3 29.7 25.4 44.5 2863 4900

2010 - 58.9% 27.6 42.3 32.7 21.7 30.1 25.8 46.1 2947 5100

Table 1

Vehicle Size and Design Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

EPA-420-R-10-023 1 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Trucks

Model Year Production (000)

Production 

Percent

Lab City 

MPG

Lab Hwy 

MPG

Lab 55/45 

MPG

Adj City 

MPG

Adj Hwy 

MPG

Adj Comp 

MPG Ton-MPG

1975 1987 19.4% 12.1 16.2 13.7 10.9 12.7 11.6 24.2

1976 2612 21.2% 12.8 16.9 14.4 11.5 13.2 12.2 26.0

1977 2823 20.0% 14.0 18.1 15.6 12.6 14.1 13.3 28.0

1978 3273 22.7% 13.8 17.5 15.2 12.4 13.7 12.9 27.5

1979 3088 22.2% 13.4 16.8 14.7 12.1 13.1 12.5 27.3

1980 1863 16.5% 16.5 21.9 18.6 14.8 17.1 15.8 30.9

1981 1821 17.3% 17.8 23.9 20.1 16.0 18.6 17.1 33.0

1982 1914 19.7% 18.1 24.4 20.5 16.3 19.0 17.4 33.7

1983 2300 22.3% 18.3 25.2 20.9 16.5 19.6 17.8 34.0

1984 3345 23.9% 17.9 24.8 20.5 16.1 19.3 17.4 33.5

1985 3669 25.4% 18.0 24.9 20.6 16.2 19.4 17.5 33.7

1986 4350 28.3% 18.8 25.9 21.4 16.8 20.2 18.2 34.3

1987 4134 27.8% 18.8 26.5 21.6 16.8 20.5 18.3 34.2

1988 4559 29.8% 18.3 26.2 21.2 16.2 20.2 17.9 34.5

1989 4435 30.7% 18.1 25.8 20.9 15.9 19.8 17.6 34.7

1990 3805 30.2% 17.8 25.9 20.7 15.6 19.8 17.4 35.1

1991 4049 32.2% 18.3 26.6 21.3 15.9 20.3 17.8 35.3

1992 4064 33.4% 17.8 26.2 20.8 15.5 19.9 17.4 35.4

1993 4754 36.0% 17.9 26.5 21.0 15.5 20.1 17.5 35.7

1994 5710 40.4% 17.8 26.1 20.8 15.3 19.7 17.2 35.7

1995 5749 38.0% 17.5 25.9 20.5 15.0 19.5 17.0 35.7

1996 5254 40.0% 17.7 26.5 20.8 15.1 19.9 17.2 36.6

1997 6124 42.4% 17.6 26.1 20.6 14.8 19.5 17.0 36.9

1998 6485 44.9% 17.7 26.6 20.9 14.9 19.8 17.1 36.8

1999 6839 44.9% 17.4 26.0 20.5 14.6 19.2 16.7 37.0

2000 7447 44.9% 17.7 26.2 20.8 14.7 19.4 16.9 37.1

2001 7202 46.1% 17.6 26.0 20.6 14.6 19.1 16.7 37.4

2002 7815 48.5% 17.6 26.0 20.6 14.4 19.1 16.7 38.0

2003 7853 49.8% 17.8 26.5 20.9 14.6 19.3 16.9 38.7

2004 8173 52.0% 17.7 26.5 20.8 14.3 19.2 16.7 39.4

2005 7866 49.5% 18.2 27.4 21.4 14.6 19.8 17.2 40.2

2006 7111 47.1% 18.5 27.8 21.8 14.9 20.1 17.5 40.9

2007 7192 47.1% 18.7 28.3 22.1 15.1 20.4 17.7 42.1

2008 6571 47.3% 19.2 29.1 22.7 15.5 21.0 18.2 43.0

2009 3673 39.8% 20.1 30.5 23.8 16.2 21.9 19.0 43.8

2010 - 41.1% 20.2 30.6 23.8 16.2 22.0 19.1 45.3

Vehicle Size and Design Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

Table 1 (Continued)

EPA-420-R-10-023 2 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars and Trucks

Model Year Production (000)

Lab City 

MPG

Lab Hwy 

MPG

Lab 55/45 

MPG

Adj City 

MPG

Adj Hwy 

MPG

Adj Comp 

MPG Ton-MPG

1975 10224 13.4 18.7 15.3 12.0 14.6 13.1 26.9

1976 12334 14.6 20.2 16.7 13.2 15.7 14.2 29.3

1977 14123 15.6 21.3 17.7 14.0 16.6 15.1 30.4

1978 14448 16.3 22.5 18.6 14.7 17.5 15.8 29.9

1979 13882 16.5 22.3 18.7 14.9 17.4 15.9 29.5

1980 11306 19.6 27.5 22.5 17.6 21.5 19.2 31.2

1981 10554 20.9 29.5 24.1 18.8 23.0 20.5 33.1

1982 9732 21.3 30.7 24.7 19.2 23.9 21.1 34.1

1983 10302 21.2 30.6 24.6 19.0 23.9 21.0 34.5

1984 14020 21.2 30.8 24.6 19.1 24.0 21.0 34.7

1985 14460 21.5 31.3 25.0 19.3 24.4 21.3 35.3

1986 15365 22.1 32.2 25.7 19.8 25.0 21.8 35.7

1987 14865 22.2 32.6 25.9 19.8 25.3 22.0 35.7

1988 15295 22.1 32.7 25.9 19.6 25.2 21.9 36.2

1989 14453 21.7 32.3 25.4 19.1 24.8 21.4 36.2

1990 12615 21.4 32.2 25.2 18.7 24.6 21.2 36.5

1991 12573 21.6 32.5 25.4 18.8 24.7 21.2 36.5

1992 12172 21.0 32.1 24.9 18.2 24.4 20.8 36.8

1993 13211 21.2 32.4 25.1 18.2 24.4 20.9 37.0

1994 14125 20.8 31.6 24.6 17.8 23.8 20.4 37.0

1995 15145 20.8 32.1 24.7 17.7 24.1 20.5 37.3

1996 13144 20.8 32.2 24.8 17.6 24.0 20.4 37.6

1997 14459 20.6 31.8 24.5 17.4 23.6 20.1 37.7

1998 14458 20.6 31.9 24.5 17.2 23.6 20.1 37.9

1999 15218 20.3 31.2 24.1 16.9 23.0 19.7 38.0

2000 16574 20.5 31.4 24.3 16.9 23.0 19.8 37.9

2001 15610 20.5 31.1 24.2 16.8 22.8 19.6 38.3

2002 16119 20.4 30.9 24.1 16.6 22.5 19.4 38.7

2003 15775 20.6 31.3 24.3 16.7 22.7 19.6 39.4

2004 15711 20.2 31.0 24.0 16.3 22.4 19.3 39.9

2005 15893 21.0 32.1 24.8 16.8 23.1 19.9 40.6

2006 15105 21.2 32.6 25.2 17.0 23.4 20.1 41.2

2007 15277 21.8 33.4 25.8 17.4 24.0 20.6 42.5

2008 13900 22.1 34.0 26.3 17.7 24.4 21.0 43.2

2009 9235 23.8 36.4 28.2 18.9 26.0 22.4 44.2

2010 - 23.9 36.5 28.3 19.0 26.1 22.5 45.8

Table 1 (Continued)

Vehicle Size and Design Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

EPA-420-R-10-023 3 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars

Model Year Production Percent

Adj Comp 

MPG Vol (cu ft) Weight (lb)

Footprint 

(sq ft) HP

HP/ 

Weight

0-to-60 

Time Top Speed Small Midsize Large

1975 80.6% 13.5 - 4058 - 136 0.0331 14.2 111 55.4% 23.3% 21.3%

1976 78.8% 14.9 - 4059 - 134 0.0324 14.4 110 55.4% 25.2% 19.4%

1977 80.0% 15.6 110 3944 - 133 0.0335 14.0 111 51.9% 24.5% 23.5%

1978 77.3% 16.9 109 3588 - 124 0.0342 13.7 111 44.7% 34.4% 21.0%

1979 77.8% 17.2 109 3485 - 119 0.0338 13.8 110 43.7% 34.2% 22.1%

1980 83.5% 20.0 104 3101 - 100 0.0322 14.3 107 54.4% 34.4% 11.3%

1981 82.7% 21.4 106 3076 - 99 0.0320 14.4 106 51.5% 36.4% 12.2%

1982 80.3% 22.2 106 3054 - 99 0.0320 14.4 106 56.5% 31.0% 12.5%

1983 77.7% 22.1 109 3112 - 104 0.0330 14.0 108 53.1% 31.8% 15.1%

1984 76.1% 22.4 108 3099 - 106 0.0339 13.8 109 57.4% 29.4% 13.2%

1985 74.6% 23.0 108 3093 - 111 0.0355 13.3 111 55.7% 28.9% 15.4%

1986 71.7% 23.7 107 3041 - 111 0.0360 13.2 111 59.5% 27.9% 12.6%

1987 72.2% 23.8 107 3031 - 112 0.0365 13.0 112 63.5% 24.3% 12.2%

1988 70.2% 24.1 107 3047 - 116 0.0375 12.8 113 64.8% 22.3% 12.8%

1989 69.3% 23.7 108 3099 - 121 0.0387 12.5 115 58.3% 28.2% 13.5%

1990 69.8% 23.3 107 3176 - 129 0.0401 12.1 117 58.6% 28.7% 12.8%

1991 67.8% 23.4 107 3154 - 132 0.0413 11.8 118 61.5% 26.2% 12.3%

1992 66.6% 23.1 108 3240 - 141 0.0428 11.5 120 56.5% 27.8% 15.6%

1993 64.0% 23.5 108 3207 - 138 0.0425 11.6 120 57.2% 29.5% 13.3%

1994 59.6% 23.3 108 3250 - 143 0.0432 11.4 121 58.5% 26.1% 15.4%

1995 62.0% 23.4 109 3263 - 152 0.0460 10.9 125 57.3% 28.6% 14.0%

1996 60.0% 23.3 109 3282 - 154 0.0464 10.8 125 54.3% 32.0% 13.6%

1997 57.6% 23.4 109 3274 - 156 0.0469 10.7 126 55.1% 30.6% 14.3%

1998 55.1% 23.4 109 3306 - 159 0.0475 10.6 127 49.4% 39.1% 11.4%

1999 55.1% 23.0 109 3365 - 164 0.0481 10.5 128 47.7% 39.7% 12.6%

2000 55.1% 22.9 110 3369 - 168 0.0492 10.4 129 47.5% 34.3% 18.2%

2001 53.9% 23.0 109 3380 - 168 0.0492 10.3 129 50.9% 32.3% 16.8%

2002 51.5% 23.1 110 3391 - 173 0.0504 10.2 131 48.6% 36.3% 15.1%

2003 50.2% 23.3 110 3417 - 176 0.0510 10.0 132 50.6% 33.5% 15.9%

2004 48.0% 23.1 110 3462 - 182 0.0521 9.8 133 47.4% 35.5% 17.0%

2005 50.5% 23.5 111 3463 - 182 0.0518 9.8 133 44.2% 38.9% 16.8%

2006 52.9% 23.3 112 3534 - 194 0.0540 9.6 136 46.2% 32.9% 20.9%

2007 52.9% 24.1 110 3507 - 189 0.0531 9.6 135 44.6% 40.0% 15.4%

2008 52.7% 24.3 110 3527 45.4 193 0.0536 9.6 136 44.7% 35.8% 19.5%

2009 60.2% 25.4 110 3463 45.2 184 0.0520 9.8 133 48.2% 34.6% 17.2%

2010 58.9% 25.8 110 3499 45.2 192 0.0537 9.5 136 47.8% 38.5% 13.8%

Vehicle Size and Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

Table 2

EPA-420-R-10-023 4 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Trucks

Model Year Production Percent

Adj Comp 

MPG Weight (lb)

Footprint 

(sq ft) HP HP/ Weight

0-to-60 

Time Top Speed Van SUV Pickup

1975 19.4% 11.6 4072 - 142 0.0349 13.6 114 23.0% 9.4% 67.6%

1976 21.2% 12.2 4155 - 141 0.0340 13.8 113 19.2% 9.3% 71.4%

1977 20.0% 13.3 4135 - 147 0.0356 13.3 115 18.2% 10.0% 71.8%

1978 22.7% 12.9 4151 - 146 0.0351 13.4 114 19.1% 11.6% 69.3%

1979 22.2% 12.5 4252 - 138 0.0325 14.3 111 15.6% 13.0% 71.5%

1980 16.5% 15.8 3869 - 121 0.0313 14.5 108 13.0% 9.9% 77.1%

1981 17.3% 17.1 3806 - 119 0.0311 14.6 108 13.5% 7.5% 79.1%

1982 19.7% 17.4 3806 - 120 0.0317 14.5 109 16.2% 8.5% 75.3%

1983 22.3% 17.8 3763 - 118 0.0313 14.5 108 16.6% 12.6% 70.8%

1984 23.9% 17.4 3782 - 118 0.0310 14.7 108 20.2% 18.7% 61.1%

1985 25.4% 17.5 3795 - 124 0.0326 14.1 110 23.3% 20.0% 56.6%

1986 28.3% 18.2 3738 - 123 0.0330 14.0 110 24.0% 17.8% 58.2%

1987 27.8% 18.3 3713 - 131 0.0351 13.3 113 26.9% 21.1% 51.9%

1988 29.8% 17.9 3841 - 141 0.0366 12.9 115 24.8% 21.2% 53.9%

1989 30.7% 17.6 3921 - 146 0.0372 12.8 116 28.8% 20.9% 50.3%

1990 30.2% 17.4 4005 - 151 0.0377 12.6 117 33.2% 18.6% 48.2%

1991 32.2% 17.8 3948 - 150 0.0379 12.6 117 25.5% 27.0% 47.4%

1992 33.4% 17.4 4056 - 155 0.0382 12.5 118 30.0% 24.7% 45.3%

1993 36.0% 17.5 4073 - 162 0.0398 12.1 120 30.3% 27.6% 42.1%

1994 40.4% 17.2 4125 - 166 0.0403 12.0 121 24.8% 28.4% 46.7%

1995 38.0% 17.0 4184 - 168 0.0401 12.0 121 28.9% 31.6% 39.5%

1996 40.0% 17.2 4225 - 179 0.0423 11.5 124 26.8% 36.0% 37.2%

1997 42.4% 17.0 4344 - 187 0.0429 11.4 126 20.7% 40.0% 39.3%

1998 44.9% 17.1 4283 - 187 0.0435 11.2 126 23.0% 39.8% 37.2%

1999 44.9% 16.7 4412 - 197 0.0446 11.0 128 21.4% 41.4% 37.2%

2000 44.9% 16.9 4375 - 197 0.0448 11.0 128 22.7% 42.2% 35.1%

2001 46.1% 16.7 4463 - 209 0.0466 10.6 131 17.1% 47.9% 35.0%

2002 48.5% 16.7 4546 - 219 0.0482 10.4 134 15.9% 53.6% 30.5%

2003 49.8% 16.9 4586 - 221 0.0481 10.4 134 15.7% 52.8% 31.5%

2004 52.0% 16.7 4710 - 236 0.0501 10.0 137 11.7% 57.7% 30.7%

2005 49.5% 17.2 4668 - 237 0.0505 10.0 137 18.8% 51.9% 29.2%

2006 47.1% 17.5 4665 - 235 0.0502 10.0 137 16.4% 52.8% 30.8%

2007 47.1% 17.7 4752 - 248 0.0520 9.8 140 11.8% 58.8% 29.4%

2008 47.3% 18.2 4707 53.0 247 0.0521 9.7 140 12.0% 60.7% 27.3%

2009 39.8% 19.0 4605 52.7 245 0.0528 9.6 140 10.0% 63.0% 26.9%

2010 41.1% 19.1 4738 54.0 259 0.0544 9.4 143 8.5% 60.7% 30.8%

Table 2 (continued)

Vehicle Size and Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

EPA-420-R-10-023 5 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars and Trucks

Model Year Adj Comp MPG Weight (lb)

Footprint (sq 

ft) HP

HP/ 

Weight

0-to-60 

Time Top Speed

1975 13.1 4060 - 137 0.0335 14.1 112

1976 14.2 4079 - 135 0.0328 14.3 111

1977 15.1 3982 - 136 0.0339 13.8 112

1978 15.8 3715 - 129 0.0344 13.6 112

1979 15.9 3655 - 124 0.0335 13.9 110

1980 19.2 3228 - 104 0.0320 14.3 107

1981 20.5 3202 - 102 0.0318 14.4 107

1982 21.1 3202 - 103 0.0320 14.4 107

1983 21.0 3257 - 107 0.0327 14.1 108

1984 21.0 3262 - 109 0.0332 14.0 109

1985 21.3 3271 - 114 0.0347 13.5 110

1986 21.8 3238 - 114 0.0351 13.4 111

1987 22.0 3221 - 118 0.0361 13.1 112

1988 21.9 3283 - 123 0.0372 12.8 114

1989 21.4 3351 - 129 0.0382 12.5 115

1990 21.2 3426 - 135 0.0394 12.2 117

1991 21.2 3410 - 138 0.0402 12.1 118

1992 20.8 3512 - 145 0.0413 11.8 120

1993 20.9 3519 - 147 0.0416 11.8 120

1994 20.4 3603 - 152 0.0420 11.7 121

1995 20.5 3613 - 158 0.0438 11.3 123

1996 20.4 3659 - 164 0.0447 11.1 125

1997 20.1 3727 - 169 0.0452 11.0 126

1998 20.1 3744 - 171 0.0457 10.9 126

1999 19.7 3835 - 179 0.0465 10.7 128

2000 19.8 3821 - 181 0.0472 10.6 129

2001 19.6 3879 - 187 0.0480 10.5 130

2002 19.4 3951 - 195 0.0493 10.3 132

2003 19.6 3999 - 199 0.0496 10.2 133

2004 19.3 4111 - 211 0.0511 9.9 135

2005 19.9 4059 - 209 0.0512 9.9 135

2006 20.1 4067 - 213 0.0522 9.8 137

2007 20.6 4093 - 217 0.0525 9.7 137

2008 21.0 4085 49.0 219 0.0529 9.7 138

2009 22.4 3917 48.2 208 0.0523 9.7 136

2010 22.5 4009 48.8 220 0.0540 9.5 139

Vehicle Size and Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

Table 2 (continued)

EPA-420-R-10-023 6 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars

Model Year Production (000)

Production 

Percent

Lab City CO2 

(g/mi)

Lab Hwy 

CO2 (g/mi)

Lab 55/45 

CO2 (g/mi)

Adj City 

CO2 (g/mi)

Adj Hwy 

CO2 (g/mi)

Adj Comp 

CO2 (g/mi) CO2 / Ton

CO2 /Cu 

Ft

CO2 / 

Ton/ Cu 

Ft

1975 8237 80.6% 649 457 563 722 586 660 327 - -

1976 9722 78.8% 584 418 509 649 536 598 297 - -

1977 11300 80.0% 556 399 485 618 512 570 290 5.2 2.7

1978 11175 77.3% 516 363 447 573 466 525 294 4.9 2.8

1979 10794 77.8% 503 362 440 559 464 517 298 4.8 2.9

1980 9443 83.5% 439 308 380 488 395 446 289 4.4 2.9

1981 8733 82.7% 412 288 356 458 369 418 273 4.0 2.7

1982 7819 80.3% 401 273 343 445 350 402 264 3.9 2.6

1983 8002 77.7% 402 273 344 447 350 403 259 3.8 2.5

1984 10675 76.1% 397 267 339 441 343 397 256 3.8 2.5

1985 10791 74.6% 388 259 330 431 333 387 250 3.7 2.4

1986 11015 71.7% 375 250 319 419 322 375 247 3.6 2.4

1987 10731 72.2% 373 248 317 419 320 373 247 3.6 2.4

1988 10736 70.2% 367 243 311 415 315 368 242 3.5 2.3

1989 10018 69.3% 374 245 316 425 319 375 243 3.5 2.3

1990 8810 69.8% 380 247 320 434 323 381 241 3.6 2.3

1991 8524 67.8% 377 245 318 434 322 380 241 3.6 2.3

1992 8108 66.6% 385 245 322 445 324 385 239 3.6 2.3

1993 8456 64.0% 376 241 315 439 319 379 237 3.5 2.2

1994 8415 59.6% 379 241 317 444 321 382 236 3.6 2.2

1995 9396 62.0% 377 236 314 445 316 379 233 3.5 2.2

1996 7890 60.0% 378 237 314 448 318 381 233 3.5 2.2

1997 8335 57.6% 376 235 313 449 318 380 233 3.5 2.2

1998 7972 55.1% 375 235 312 450 318 380 231 3.5 2.2

1999 8379 55.1% 380 237 316 459 323 386 230 3.6 2.2

2000 9128 55.1% 379 238 316 461 326 388 231 3.6 2.2

2001 8408 53.9% 374 237 312 459 325 386 229 3.6 2.1

2002 8304 51.5% 371 237 310 458 326 385 228 3.6 2.1

2003 7922 50.2% 367 233 307 456 323 382 224 3.6 2.1

2004 7538 48.0% 369 233 308 462 324 384 222 3.6 2.1

2005 8027 50.5% 360 230 301 454 322 378 219 3.5 2.0

2006 7993 52.9% 364 231 304 459 324 382 216 3.5 2.0

2007 8085 52.9% 349 224 293 442 314 369 211 3.4 2.0

2008 7329 52.7% 347 222 291 439 311 366 208 3.4 1.9

2009 5562 60.2% 329 213 277 418 300 350 202 3.2 1.9

2010 - 58.9% 323 210 272 410 295 345 197 3.2 1.8

Table 3

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

EPA-420-R-10-023 7 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Trucks

Model Year Production (000)

Production 

Percent

Lab City CO2 

(g/mi)

Lab Hwy 

CO2 (g/mi)

Lab 55/45 

CO2 (g/mi)

Adj City 

CO2 (g/mi)

Adj Hwy 

CO2 (g/mi)

Adj Comp 

CO2 (g/mi) CO2 / Ton

1975 1987 19.4% 733 548 650 815 702 764 374

1976 2612 21.2% 693 525 617 770 673 726 349

1977 2823 20.0% 633 490 569 703 628 669 323

1978 3273 22.7% 646 507 583 717 650 687 330

1979 3088 22.2% 663 530 604 736 679 711 333

1980 1863 16.5% 541 407 481 602 521 565 294

1981 1821 17.3% 502 374 445 558 479 523 275

1982 1914 19.7% 496 368 438 551 472 515 272

1983 2300 22.3% 488 355 428 542 455 503 268

1984 3345 23.9% 497 360 435 552 461 511 270

1985 3669 25.4% 494 357 432 548 458 508 267

1986 4350 28.3% 474 343 415 529 441 489 262

1987 4134 27.8% 472 336 411 530 434 486 262

1988 4559 29.8% 485 340 420 547 441 497 260

1989 4435 30.7% 491 344 425 557 448 506 258

1990 3805 30.2% 498 344 429 568 449 511 256

1991 4049 32.2% 486 335 418 558 439 500 254

1992 4064 33.4% 498 340 427 574 447 512 253

1993 4754 36.0% 496 335 424 575 443 509 251

1994 5710 40.4% 500 341 428 582 452 516 251

1995 5749 38.0% 507 343 433 594 456 523 251

1996 5254 40.0% 501 335 426 590 448 516 245

1997 6124 42.4% 506 340 431 598 456 524 243

1998 6485 44.9% 501 334 426 596 449 519 243

1999 6839 44.9% 510 342 434 610 462 531 242

2000 7447 44.9% 501 339 428 603 459 525 241

2001 7202 46.1% 504 342 431 610 466 532 240

2002 7815 48.5% 506 341 432 616 466 533 236

2003 7853 49.8% 499 335 425 610 460 526 231

2004 8173 52.0% 503 336 428 620 462 531 227

2005 7866 49.5% 490 325 415 607 449 517 223

2006 7111 47.1% 481 320 408 596 443 509 219

2007 7192 47.1% 475 314 403 590 436 502 213

2008 6571 47.3% 462 305 391 574 423 488 209

2009 3673 39.8% 441 292 374 550 405 467 204

2010 - 41.1% 441 291 373 550 404 467 198

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

Table 3 (continued)

EPA-420-R-10-023 8 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars and Trucks

Model Year Production (000)

Production 

Percent

Lab City CO2 

(g/mi)

Lab Hwy 

CO2 (g/mi)

Lab 55/45 

CO2 (g/mi)

Adj City 

CO2 (g/mi)

Adj Hwy 

CO2 (g/mi)

Adj Comp 

CO2 (g/mi) CO2 / Ton

1975 10224 100.0% 666 474 580 740 608 681 336

1976 12334 100.0% 607 440 532 674 565 625 308

1977 14123 100.0% 571 418 502 635 535 590 296

1978 14448 100.0% 545 396 478 606 508 562 302

1979 13882 100.0% 539 399 476 599 512 560 306

1980 11306 100.0% 456 324 397 507 416 466 290

1981 10554 100.0% 428 303 371 475 388 436 274

1982 9732 100.0% 419 292 362 466 374 425 266

1983 10302 100.0% 421 291 363 468 373 426 261

1984 14020 100.0% 421 290 362 467 371 424 259

1985 14460 100.0% 414 284 356 461 364 417 255

1986 15365 100.0% 403 276 346 450 356 407 251

1987 14865 100.0% 400 272 343 450 352 405 251

1988 15295 100.0% 402 272 343 454 353 407 248

1989 14453 100.0% 410 275 349 466 359 415 248

1990 12615 100.0% 415 276 353 475 361 420 245

1991 12573 100.0% 412 274 350 474 360 418 245

1992 12172 100.0% 423 277 357 488 365 428 244

1993 13211 100.0% 419 275 354 488 364 426 242

1994 14125 100.0% 428 281 362 500 374 436 242

1995 15145 100.0% 426 277 359 501 369 434 240

1996 13144 100.0% 427 276 359 505 370 435 238

1997 14459 100.0% 431 280 363 512 376 441 237

1998 14458 100.0% 431 279 363 516 377 442 236

1999 15218 100.0% 438 285 369 527 386 451 236

2000 16574 100.0% 434 283 366 525 386 450 236

2001 15610 100.0% 434 285 367 529 390 453 234

2002 16119 100.0% 436 287 369 534 394 457 232

2003 15775 100.0% 432 284 366 533 391 454 228

2004 15711 100.0% 439 286 370 544 396 461 225

2005 15893 100.0% 424 277 358 529 385 447 221

2006 15105 100.0% 419 273 353 523 380 442 218

2007 15277 100.0% 409 266 345 511 371 431 212

2008 13900 100.0% 401 261 338 503 364 424 208

2009 9235 100.0% 374 245 316 470 342 397 203

2010 - 100.0% 371 243 314 467 340 395 198

Table 3 (continued)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

EPA-420-R-10-023 9 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars

Model Year Production Percent

Adj Comp 

CO2 (g/mi) Vol (cu ft) Weight (lb)

Footprint 

(sq ft) HP

HP/ 

Weight

0-to-60 

Time Top Speed Small Midsize Large

1975 80.6% 660 - 4058 - 136 0.0331 14.2 111 55.4% 23.3% 21.3%

1976 78.8% 598 - 4059 - 134 0.0324 14.4 110 55.4% 25.2% 19.4%

1977 80.0% 570 110 3944 - 133 0.0335 14.0 111 51.9% 24.5% 23.5%

1978 77.3% 525 109 3588 - 124 0.0342 13.7 111 44.7% 34.4% 21.0%

1979 77.8% 517 109 3485 - 119 0.0338 13.8 110 43.7% 34.2% 22.1%

1980 83.5% 446 104 3101 - 100 0.0322 14.3 107 54.4% 34.4% 11.3%

1981 82.7% 418 106 3076 - 99 0.0320 14.4 106 51.5% 36.4% 12.2%

1982 80.3% 402 106 3054 - 99 0.0320 14.4 106 56.5% 31.0% 12.5%

1983 77.7% 403 109 3112 - 104 0.0330 14.0 108 53.1% 31.8% 15.1%

1984 76.1% 397 108 3099 - 106 0.0339 13.8 109 57.4% 29.4% 13.2%

1985 74.6% 387 108 3093 - 111 0.0355 13.3 111 55.7% 28.9% 15.4%

1986 71.7% 375 107 3041 - 111 0.0360 13.2 111 59.5% 27.9% 12.6%

1987 72.2% 373 107 3031 - 112 0.0365 13.0 112 63.5% 24.3% 12.2%

1988 70.2% 368 107 3047 - 116 0.0375 12.8 113 64.8% 22.3% 12.8%

1989 69.3% 375 108 3099 - 121 0.0387 12.5 115 58.3% 28.2% 13.5%

1990 69.8% 381 107 3176 - 129 0.0401 12.1 117 58.6% 28.7% 12.8%

1991 67.8% 380 107 3154 - 132 0.0413 11.8 118 61.5% 26.2% 12.3%

1992 66.6% 385 108 3240 - 141 0.0428 11.5 120 56.5% 27.8% 15.6%

1993 64.0% 379 108 3207 - 138 0.0425 11.6 120 57.2% 29.5% 13.3%

1994 59.6% 382 108 3250 - 143 0.0432 11.4 121 58.5% 26.1% 15.4%

1995 62.0% 379 109 3263 - 152 0.0460 10.9 125 57.3% 28.6% 14.0%

1996 60.0% 381 109 3282 - 154 0.0464 10.8 125 54.3% 32.0% 13.6%

1997 57.6% 380 109 3274 - 156 0.0469 10.7 126 55.1% 30.6% 14.3%

1998 55.1% 380 109 3306 - 159 0.0475 10.6 127 49.4% 39.1% 11.4%

1999 55.1% 386 109 3365 - 164 0.0481 10.5 128 47.7% 39.7% 12.6%

2000 55.1% 388 110 3369 - 168 0.0492 10.4 129 47.5% 34.3% 18.2%

2001 53.9% 386 109 3380 - 168 0.0492 10.3 129 50.9% 32.3% 16.8%

2002 51.5% 385 110 3391 - 173 0.0504 10.2 131 48.6% 36.3% 15.1%

2003 50.2% 382 110 3417 - 176 0.0510 10.0 132 50.6% 33.5% 15.9%

2004 48.0% 384 110 3462 - 182 0.0521 9.8 133 47.4% 35.5% 17.0%

2005 50.5% 378 111 3463 - 182 0.0518 9.8 133 44.2% 38.9% 16.8%

2006 52.9% 382 112 3534 - 194 0.0540 9.6 136 46.2% 32.9% 20.9%

2007 52.9% 369 110 3507 - 189 0.0531 9.6 135 44.6% 40.0% 15.4%

2008 52.7% 366 110 3527 45.4 193 0.0536 9.6 136 44.7% 35.8% 19.5%

2009 60.2% 350 110 3463 45.2 184 0.0520 9.8 133 48.2% 34.6% 17.2%

2010 58.9% 345 110 3499 45.2 192 0.0537 9.5 136 47.8% 38.5% 13.8%

Vehicle Size and Design Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

Table 4

EPA-420-R-10-023 10 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Trucks

Model Year Production Percent

Adj Comp 

CO2 (g/mi) Weight (lb)

Footprint 

(sq ft) HP HP/ Weight

0-to-60 

Time Top Speed Small Midsize Large Van SUV Pickup

1975 19.4% 764 4072 - 142 0.0349 13.6 114 10.9% 24.2% 64.9% 23.0% 9.4% 67.6%

1976 21.2% 726 4155 - 141 0.0340 13.8 113 9.0% 20.3% 70.7% 19.2% 9.3% 71.4%

1977 20.0% 669 4135 - 147 0.0356 13.3 115 11.0% 20.4% 68.5% 18.2% 10.0% 71.8%

1978 22.7% 687 4151 - 146 0.0351 13.4 114 10.9% 22.7% 66.3% 19.1% 11.6% 69.3%

1979 22.2% 711 4252 - 138 0.0325 14.3 111 15.2% 19.5% 65.3% 15.6% 13.0% 71.5%

1980 16.5% 565 3869 - 121 0.0313 14.5 108 28.4% 17.6% 54.0% 13.0% 9.9% 77.1%

1981 17.3% 523 3806 - 119 0.0311 14.6 108 23.2% 19.1% 57.7% 13.5% 7.5% 79.1%

1982 19.7% 515 3806 - 120 0.0317 14.5 109 21.1% 31.0% 47.9% 16.2% 8.5% 75.3%

1983 22.3% 503 3763 - 118 0.0313 14.5 108 16.6% 45.9% 37.6% 16.6% 12.6% 70.8%

1984 23.9% 511 3782 - 118 0.0310 14.7 108 19.5% 46.4% 34.1% 20.2% 18.7% 61.1%

1985 25.4% 508 3795 - 124 0.0326 14.1 110 19.2% 48.5% 32.3% 23.3% 20.0% 56.6%

1986 28.3% 489 3738 - 123 0.0330 14.0 110 23.5% 48.5% 28.0% 24.0% 17.8% 58.2%

1987 27.8% 486 3713 - 131 0.0351 13.3 113 19.9% 59.6% 20.6% 26.9% 21.1% 51.9%

1988 29.8% 497 3841 - 141 0.0366 12.9 115 15.0% 57.2% 27.8% 24.8% 21.2% 53.9%

1989 30.7% 506 3921 - 146 0.0372 12.8 116 13.9% 58.9% 27.2% 28.8% 20.9% 50.3%

1990 30.2% 511 4005 - 151 0.0377 12.6 117 13.4% 57.1% 29.6% 33.2% 18.6% 48.2%

1991 32.2% 500 3948 - 150 0.0379 12.6 117 11.4% 67.2% 21.4% 25.5% 27.0% 47.4%

1992 33.4% 512 4056 - 155 0.0382 12.5 118 10.4% 64.0% 25.6% 30.0% 24.7% 45.3%

1993 36.0% 509 4073 - 162 0.0398 12.1 120 8.8% 65.3% 25.9% 30.3% 27.6% 42.1%

1994 40.4% 516 4125 - 166 0.0403 12.0 121 9.8% 63.1% 27.2% 24.8% 28.4% 46.7%

1995 38.0% 523 4184 - 168 0.0401 12.0 121 8.6% 63.5% 27.9% 28.9% 31.6% 39.5%

1996 40.0% 516 4225 - 179 0.0423 11.5 124 6.5% 67.1% 26.4% 26.8% 36.0% 37.2%

1997 42.4% 524 4344 - 187 0.0429 11.4 126 10.1% 52.5% 37.3% 20.7% 40.0% 39.3%

1998 44.9% 519 4283 - 187 0.0435 11.2 126 8.9% 58.7% 32.4% 23.0% 39.8% 37.2%

1999 44.9% 531 4412 - 197 0.0446 11.0 128 7.7% 55.8% 36.5% 21.4% 41.4% 37.2%

2000 44.9% 525 4375 - 197 0.0448 11.0 128 6.7% 55.7% 37.5% 22.7% 42.2% 35.1%

2001 46.1% 532 4463 - 209 0.0466 10.6 131 6.6% 47.6% 45.9% 17.1% 47.9% 35.0%

2002 48.5% 533 4546 - 219 0.0482 10.4 134 7.1% 43.5% 49.4% 15.9% 53.6% 30.5%

2003 49.8% 526 4586 - 221 0.0481 10.4 134 5.8% 48.0% 46.1% 15.7% 52.8% 31.5%

2004 52.0% 531 4710 - 236 0.0501 10.0 137 5.1% 46.2% 48.7% 11.7% 57.7% 30.7%

2005 49.5% 517 4668 - 237 0.0505 10.0 137 2.8% 47.3% 49.9% 18.8% 51.9% 29.2%

2006 47.1% 509 4665 - 235 0.0502 10.0 137 2.0% 49.0% 49.0% 16.4% 52.8% 30.8%

2007 47.1% 502 4752 - 248 0.0520 9.8 140 2.0% 44.9% 53.1% 11.8% 58.8% 29.4%

2008 47.3% 488 4707 53.0 247 0.0521 9.7 140 2.5% 49.6% 47.9% 12.0% 60.7% 27.3%

2009 39.8% 467 4605 52.7 245 0.0528 9.6 140 2.1% 52.6% 45.3% 10.0% 63.0% 26.9%

2010 41.1% 467 4738 54.0 259 0.0544 9.4 143 1.4% 45.7% 52.9% 8.5% 60.7% 30.8%

Vehicle Size and Design Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

Table 4 (continued)

EPA-420-R-10-023 11 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars and Trucks

Model Year Adj Comp CO2 (g/mi) Weight (lb)

Footprint (sq 

ft) HP

HP/ 

Weight

0-to-60 

Time Top Speed

1975 681 4060 - 137 0.0335 14.1 112

1976 625 4079 - 135 0.0328 14.3 111

1977 590 3982 - 136 0.0339 13.8 112

1978 562 3715 - 129 0.0344 13.6 112

1979 560 3655 - 124 0.0335 13.9 110

1980 466 3228 - 104 0.0320 14.3 107

1981 436 3202 - 102 0.0318 14.4 107

1982 425 3202 - 103 0.0320 14.4 107

1983 426 3257 - 107 0.0327 14.1 108

1984 424 3262 - 109 0.0332 14.0 109

1985 417 3271 - 114 0.0347 13.5 110

1986 407 3238 - 114 0.0351 13.4 111

1987 405 3221 - 118 0.0361 13.1 112

1988 407 3283 - 123 0.0372 12.8 114

1989 415 3351 - 129 0.0382 12.5 115

1990 420 3426 - 135 0.0394 12.2 117

1991 418 3410 - 138 0.0402 12.1 118

1992 428 3512 - 145 0.0413 11.8 120

1993 426 3519 - 147 0.0416 11.8 120

1994 436 3603 - 152 0.0420 11.7 121

1995 434 3613 - 158 0.0438 11.3 123

1996 435 3659 - 164 0.0447 11.1 125

1997 441 3727 - 169 0.0452 11.0 126

1998 442 3744 - 171 0.0457 10.9 126

1999 451 3835 - 179 0.0465 10.7 128

2000 450 3821 - 181 0.0472 10.6 129

2001 453 3879 - 187 0.0480 10.5 130

2002 457 3951 - 195 0.0493 10.3 132

2003 454 3999 - 199 0.0496 10.2 133

2004 461 4111 - 211 0.0511 9.9 135

2005 447 4059 - 209 0.0512 9.9 135

2006 442 4067 - 213 0.0522 9.8 137

2007 431 4093 - 217 0.0525 9.7 137

2008 424 4085 49.0 219 0.0529 9.7 138

2009 397 3917 48.2 208 0.0523 9.7 136

2010 395 4009 48.8 220 0.0540 9.5 139

Table 4 (continued)

Vehicle Size and Design Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

EPA-420-R-10-023 12 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Manufacturer Make 2008 Cars 2008 Trucks

2008 Cars 

and Trucks 2009 Cars 2009 Trucks

2009 Cars 

and 

Trucks 2010 Cars 2010 Trucks

2010 Cars 

and 

Trucks

Toyota Toyota 292 469 386 305 424 341 296 471 358

Toyota Lexus 396 456 422 390 466 425 376 415 394

Toyota Scion 350 - 350 350 - 350 344 - 344

Toyota All 317 467 389 314 430 349 307 461 363

Hyundai All 334 435 364 333 431 355 336 381 343

Honda Honda 321 430 365 319 420 354 309 411 338

Honda Acura 401 504 443 381 496 424 394 472 420

Honda All 328 437 372 325 428 361 317 418 346

Kia All 339 458 388 326 447 367 319 438 354

Nissan Nissan 335 500 396 332 444 371 330 451 364

Nissan Infiniti 441 519 465 418 492 437 414 475 435

Nissan All 351 502 406 341 447 377 340 455 373

VW VW 373 541 381 357 435 365 340 447 351

VW Audi 399 549 423 391 488 410 370 467 390

VW All 385 545 398 367 456 379 352 458 367

Mitsubishi All 378 460 399 373 415 379 359 399 367

Mazda All 353 440 385 360 422 383 361 438 391

Subaru All 391 425 399 389 397 393 373 398 382

BMW BMW 422 482 434 417 491 432 425 486 437

BMW Mini 307 - 307 293 - 293 302 - 302

BMW All 406 482 419 390 491 407 384 486 399

GM Chevrolet 371 517 448 359 514 430 361 477 421

GM Pontiac 388 437 393 376 438 379 - - -

GM GMC - 522 522 - 517 517 - 468 468

GM Buick 429 471 444 366 464 390 417 454 425

GM Cadillac 456 560 488 465 562 487 442 475 455

GM Saturn 381 437 415 350 425 393 - - -

GM All 387 510 452 371 507 432 375 472 427

Ford Ford 385 503 461 352 478 438 361 483 436

Ford Lincoln 432 498 465 437 465 443 422 481 433

Ford Mercury 426 454 437 435 406 422 379 436 401

Ford Volvo 424 532 457 414 530 432 411 471 438

Ford All 398 501 459 379 475 437 375 481 434

Daimler Mercedes Benz 461 544 482 454 542 476 442 525 467

Daimler Smart 239 - 239 239 - 239 239 - 239

Daimler All 439 544 464 432 542 457 432 525 459

Chrysler Dodge 393 489 434 403 467 429 414 468 440

Chrysler Chrysler 411 452 426 404 452 436 399 450 426

Chrysler Jeep - 491 491 - 494 494 - 474 474

Chrysler Ram - 548 548 - 563 563 - 558 558

Chrysler All 401 495 460 403 490 464 409 489 463

Other All 398 529 462 411 527 453 400 548 476

Fleet 366 488 424 350 467 397 345 467 395

Table 5

Adjusted Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Manufacturer and Make for MY2008-2010 (g/mi)

EPA-420-R-10-023 13 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Model Year

Gasoline Production 

Share

Diesel 

Production 

Share

Weighted CO2 

per Gallon 

(grams)

1975 99.8% 0.2% 8890

1976 99.8% 0.2% 8890

1977 99.6% 0.4% 8892

1978 99.1% 0.9% 8899

1979 98.0% 2.0% 8913

1980 95.7% 4.3% 8943

1981 94.1% 5.9% 8963

1982 94.4% 5.6% 8959

1983 97.3% 2.7% 8922

1984 98.2% 1.8% 8910

1985 99.1% 0.9% 8899

1986 99.6% 0.4% 8892

1987 99.7% 0.3% 8891

1988 99.9% 0.1% 8888

1989 99.9% 0.1% 8888

1990 99.9% 0.1% 8888

1991 99.9% 0.1% 8888

1992 99.9% 0.1% 8888

1993 100.0% - 8887

1994 100.0% 0.0% 8887

1995 100.0% 0.0% 8887

1996 99.9% 0.1% 8888

1997 99.9% 0.1% 8888

1998 99.9% 0.1% 8888

1999 99.9% 0.1% 8888

2000 99.9% 0.1% 8888

2001 99.9% 0.1% 8888

2002 99.8% 0.2% 8890

2003 99.8% 0.2% 8890

2004 99.9% 0.1% 8888

2005 99.7% 0.3% 8891

2006 99.6% 0.4% 8892

2007 99.9% 0.1% 8888

2008 99.9% 0.1% 8888

2009 99.5% 0.5% 8893

2010 99.6% 0.4% 8892

Table 6

Factors for Converting Industry-wide Fuel Economy Values from this 

Report to Carbon Dioxide Emissions Values

EPA-420-R-10-023 14 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Vehicle Type Size 1975 1988 2010

Difference 

1975 to 

2010

Difference 

1975 to 1988

Difference 

1988 to 

2010

Car Small 40.0% 43.8% 23.7% -16.3% 3.9% -20.2%

Car Midsize 16.0% 13.8% 21.9% 5.9% -2.1% 8.1%

Car Large 15.2% 8.5% 8.0% -7.2% -6.7% -0.5%

Car All 71.1% 66.2% 53.6% -17.6% -5.0% -12.6%

Wagon Small 4.7% 1.7% 4.5% -0.2% -3.0% 2.8%

Wagon Midsize 2.8% 1.9% 0.8% -2.1% -1.0% -1.1%

Wagon Large 1.9% 0.5% 0.1% -1.8% -1.4% -0.4%

Wagon All 9.4% 4.0% 5.3% -4.1% -5.4% 1.3%

Van Small 0.0% 0.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% -0.3%

Van Midsize 3.0% 6.2% 3.3% 0.3% 3.2% -2.8%

Van Large 1.5% 0.9% 0.1% -1.4% -0.6% -0.8%

Van All 4.5% 7.4% 3.5% -1.0% 2.9% -3.9%

SUV Small 0.5% 1.9% 0.5% 0.0% 1.4% -1.4%

SUV Midsize 1.2% 4.0% 14.0% 12.8% 2.8% 10.0%

SUV Large 0.1% 0.5% 10.4% 10.3% 0.3% 10.0%

SUV All 1.8% 6.3% 25.0% 23.1% 4.5% 18.6%

Pickup Small 1.6% 2.2% - -1.6% 0.7% -2.2%

Pickup Midsize 0.5% 6.9% 1.4% 0.9% 6.3% -5.5%

Pickup Large 11.0% 7.0% 11.2% 0.2% -4.1% 4.3%

Pickup All 13.1% 16.1% 12.7% -0.5% 2.9% -3.4%

All Trucks 19.4% 29.8% 41.1% 21.7% 10.4% 11.3%

Table 7

Production Shares of Model Years 1975, 1988, and 2010 by Vehicle Size and Type

EPA-420-R-10-023 15 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Car or Truck Vehicle Type Size 1975 Low

1975 

Average 1975 High 1988 Low

1988 

Average 1988 High 2010 Low

2010 

Average

2010 

High

Car Car Small 8.6 15.6 28.3 7.5 25.7 54.4 10.1 26.7 42.9

Car Car Midsize 8.6 11.6 18.4 10.5 22.6 27.7 12.2 26.1 49.4

Car Car Large 8.4 11.2 14.6 10.0 20.6 26.0 12.6 22.7 26.4

Car Car All 8.4 13.4 28.3 7.5 24.2 54.4 10.1 25.8 49.4

Car Wagon Small 11.8 19.1 24.1 17.1 26.3 33.2 20.0 26.8 35.7

Car Wagon Midsize 8.4 11.3 25.0 17.5 22.2 27.7 18.5 22.6 25.5

Car Wagon Large 8.4 10.2 12.8 19.2 19.4 19.4 16.5 16.8 20.9

Car Wagon All 8.4 13.8 25.0 17.1 23.3 33.2 16.5 25.9 35.7

Truck Van Small 16.2 17.5 18.5 15.5 20.6 25.0 24.1 24.1 24.8

Truck Van Midsize 8.2 11.3 18.4 11.3 18.4 23.4 18.4 20.2 23.5

Truck Van Large 8.9 10.7 14.5 9.9 14.3 16.8 14.7 16.0 17.4

Truck Van All 8.2 11.1 18.5 9.9 17.9 25.0 14.7 20.1 24.8

Truck SUV Small 10.2 13.7 16.3 15.6 20.4 27.7 17.0 17.1 17.6

Truck SUV Midsize 8.2 10.2 18.4 10.2 16.5 23.6 13.4 21.6 31.9

Truck SUV Large 7.9 10.3 13.7 12.2 14.0 18.8 12.4 18.7 27.0

Truck SUV All 7.9 11.0 18.4 10.2 17.2 27.7 12.4 20.2 31.9

Truck Pickup Small 13.0 19.2 20.8 13.3 21.0 24.6 - - -

Truck Pickup Midsize 17.8 17.9 18.0 15.3 21.3 25.9 15.9 19.9 24.3

Truck Pickup Large 7.6 11.1 18.5 9.8 15.2 21.0 14.4 16.6 21.8

Truck Pickup All 7.6 11.9 20.8 9.8 18.1 25.9 14.4 16.9 24.3

Car All All 8.4 13.5 28.3 7.5 24.1 54.4 10.1 25.8 49.4

Truck All All 7.6 11.6 20.8 9.8 17.9 27.7 12.4 19.1 31.9

All All 7.6 13.1 28.3 7.5 21.9 54.4 10.1 22.5 49.4

Table 8

Lowest, Average, and Highest Adjusted Fuel Economy by Vehicle Type and Size

EPA-420-R-10-023 16 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Car or Truck Vehicle Type Size

1975 to 2010 

Low

1975 to 

2010 

Average

1975 to 

2010 High

1975 to 1988 

Low

1975 to 

1988 

Average

1975 to 

1988 High

1988 to 2010 

Low

1988 to 

2010 

Average

1988 to 

2010 

High

Car Car Small 17% 71% 52% -13% 65% 92% 35% 4% -21%

Car Car Midsize 42% 125% 168% 22% 95% 51% 16% 15% 78%

Car Car Large 50% 103% 81% 19% 84% 78% 26% 10% 2%

Car Car All 20% 93% 75% -11% 81% 92% 35% 7% -9%

Car Wagon Small 69% 40% 48% 45% 38% 38% 17% 2% 8%

Car Wagon Midsize 120% 100% 2% 108% 96% 11% 6% 2% -8%

Car Wagon Large 96% 65% 63% 129% 90% 52% -14% -13% 8%

Car Wagon All 96% 88% 43% 104% 69% 33% -4% 11% 8%

Truck Van Small 49% 38% 34% -4% 18% 35% 55% 17% -1%

Truck Van Midsize 124% 79% 28% 38% 63% 27% 63% 10% 0%

Truck Van Large 65% 50% 20% 11% 34% 16% 48% 12% 4%

Truck Van All 79% 81% 34% 21% 61% 35% 48% 12% -1%

Truck SUV Small 67% 25% 8% 53% 49% 70% 9% -16% -36%

Truck SUV Midsize 63% 112% 73% 24% 62% 28% 31% 31% 35%

Truck SUV Large 57% 82% 97% 54% 36% 37% 2% 34% 44%

Truck SUV All 57% 84% 73% 29% 56% 51% 22% 17% 15%

Truck Pickup Small - - - 2% 9% 18% - - -

Truck Pickup Midsize -11% 11% 35% -14% 19% 44% 4% -7% -6%

Truck Pickup Large 89% 50% 18% 29% 37% 14% 47% 9% 4%

Truck Pickup All 89% 42% 17% 29% 52% 25% 47% -7% -6%

Car All All 20% 91% 75% -11% 79% 92% 35% 7% -9%

Truck All All 63% 65% 53% 29% 54% 33% 27% 7% 15%

All All 33% 72% 75% -1% 67% 92% 35% 3% -9%

Table 9

Percent Change in Lowest, Average and Highest Adjusted Fuel Economy by Vehicle Type and Size

EPA-420-R-10-023 17 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Car or Truck Vehicle Type Size 1975 Low

1975 

Average 1975 High 1988 Low

1988 

Average 1988 High 2010 Low

2010 

Average

2010 

High

Car Car Small 11.6 6.4 3.5 13.3 3.9 1.8 9.9 3.7 2.3

Car Car Midsize 11.6 8.6 5.4 9.5 4.4 3.6 8.2 3.8 2.0

Car Car Large 11.9 8.9 6.8 10.0 4.9 3.8 7.9 4.4 3.8

Car Car All 11.9 7.5 3.5 13.3 4.1 1.8 9.9 3.9 2.0

Car Wagon Small 8.5 5.2 4.1 5.8 3.8 3.0 5.0 3.7 2.8

Car Wagon Midsize 11.9 8.8 4.0 5.7 4.5 3.6 5.4 4.4 3.9

Car Wagon Large 11.9 9.8 7.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 6.1 6.0 4.8

Car Wagon All 11.9 7.2 4.0 5.8 4.3 3.0 6.1 3.9 2.8

Truck Van Small 6.2 5.7 5.4 6.5 4.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0

Truck Van Midsize 12.2 8.8 5.4 8.8 5.4 4.3 5.4 5.0 4.3

Truck Van Large 11.2 9.3 6.9 10.1 7.0 6.0 6.8 6.2 5.7

Truck Van All 12.2 9.0 5.4 10.1 5.6 4.0 6.8 5.0 4.0

Truck SUV Small 9.8 7.3 6.1 6.4 4.9 3.6 5.9 5.8 5.7

Truck SUV Midsize 12.2 9.8 5.4 9.8 6.1 4.2 7.5 4.6 3.1

Truck SUV Large 12.7 9.7 7.3 8.2 7.1 5.3 8.1 5.3 3.7

Truck SUV All 12.7 9.1 5.4 9.8 5.8 3.6 8.1 5.0 3.1

Truck Pickup Small 7.7 5.2 4.8 7.5 4.8 4.1 - - -

Truck Pickup Midsize 5.6 5.6 5.6 6.5 4.7 3.9 6.3 5.0 4.1

Truck Pickup Large 13.2 9.0 5.4 10.2 6.6 4.8 6.9 6.0 4.6

Truck Pickup All 13.2 8.4 4.8 10.2 5.5 3.9 6.9 5.9 4.1

Car All All 11.9 7.4 3.5 13.3 4.1 1.8 9.9 3.9 2.0

Truck All All 13.2 8.6 4.8 10.2 5.6 3.6 8.1 5.2 3.1

All All 13.2 7.6 3.5 13.3 4.6 1.8 9.9 4.4 2.0

Adjusted Fuel Consumption (Gal./100 miles) by Vehicle Type and Size

Table 10

EPA-420-R-10-023 18 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Car or Truck Vehicle Type Size

1975 to 2010 

Low

1975 to 

2010 

Average

1975 to 

2010 High

1975 to 1988 

Low

1975 to 

1988 

Average

1975 to 

1988 High

1988 to 2010 

Low

1988 to 

2010 

Average

1988 to 

2010 

High

Car Car Small 15% 42% 34% -15% 39% 49% 26% 5% -28%

Car Car Midsize 29% 56% 63% 18% 49% 33% 14% 14% 44%

Car Car Large 34% 51% 44% 16% 45% 44% 21% 10% 0%

Car Car All 17% 48% 43% -12% 45% 49% 26% 5% -11%

Car Wagon Small 41% 29% 32% 32% 27% 27% 14% 3% 7%

Car Wagon Midsize 55% 50% 3% 52% 49% 10% 5% 2% -8%

Car Wagon Large 49% 39% 38% 56% 47% 33% -17% -15% 8%

Car Wagon All 49% 46% 30% 51% 40% 25% -5% 9% 7%

Truck Van Small 34% 28% 26% -5% 14% 26% 37% 16% 0%

Truck Van Midsize 56% 43% 20% 28% 39% 20% 39% 7% 0%

Truck Van Large 39% 33% 17% 10% 25% 13% 33% 11% 5%

Truck Van All 44% 44% 26% 17% 38% 26% 33% 11% 0%

Truck SUV Small 40% 21% 7% 35% 33% 41% 8% -18% -58%

Truck SUV Midsize 39% 53% 43% 20% 38% 22% 23% 25% 26%

Truck SUV Large 36% 45% 49% 35% 27% 27% 1% 25% 30%

Truck SUV All 36% 45% 43% 23% 36% 33% 17% 14% 14%

Truck Pickup Small - - - 3% 8% 15% - - -

Truck Pickup Midsize -13% 11% 27% -16% 16% 30% 3% -6% -5%

Truck Pickup Large 48% 33% 15% 23% 27% 11% 32% 9% 4%

Truck Pickup All 48% 30% 15% 23% 35% 19% 32% -7% -5%

Car All All 17% 47% 43% -12% 45% 49% 26% 5% -11%

Truck All All 39% 40% 35% 23% 35% 25% 21% 7% 14%

All All 25% 42% 43% -1% 39% 49% 26% 4% -11%

*Note: A Negative Change indicates that the fuel consumption has increased.

Table 11

Percent Change* in Adjusted Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type and Size

EPA-420-R-10-023 19 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Weight (lb) MY1975 MY1988 MY2010

<3000 13.4% 27.2% 3.8%

3000 8.7% 25.4% 15.6%

3500 10.6% 25.2% 25.3%

4000 20.6% 13.2% 23.7%

4500 21.3% 6.0% 12.5%

5000 16.7% 2.4% 8.2%

5500 8.7% 0.5% 4.5%

>5500 0.0% 0.0% 6.4%

Avg Wt 4060 3283 4009

Table 12

Light Vehicle Production Share by Weight Class for Three Model Years

EPA-420-R-10-023 20 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars

Model Year Production Share

Adj Comp 

MPG CID HP HP/ CID

Front Wheel 

Drive

Four 

Wheel 

Drive

Manual 

Trans

Lockup 

Trans CVT

GDI 

Metering

Port 

Metering

TBI 

Metering Diesel

MultiValve VVT Turbo CD Hybrid

1975 80.6% 13.5 288 136 0.515 6.5% - 19.6% 0.3% - - 5.1% - 0.2% - - - - -

1976 78.8% 14.9 287 134 0.502 5.8% - 17.1% - - - 3.2% - 0.3% - - - - -

1977 80.0% 15.6 279 133 0.516 6.8% - 16.8% - - - 4.2% - 0.5% - - - - -

1978 77.3% 16.9 251 124 0.538 9.6% - 19.8% 7.1% - - 5.1% - 0.9% - - - - -

1979 77.8% 17.2 238 119 0.545 11.9% 0.3% 21.1% 8.8% - - 4.7% - 2.1% - - - - -

1980 83.5% 20.0 188 100 0.583 29.7% 0.9% 30.9% 16.8% - - 6.2% 0.7% 4.4% - - - - -

1981 82.7% 21.4 182 99 0.594 37.0% 0.7% 29.9% 33.3% - - 6.1% 2.6% 5.9% - - - - -

1982 80.3% 22.2 175 99 0.609 45.6% 0.8% 29.2% 51.4% - - 7.2% 9.8% 4.7% - - - - -

1983 77.7% 22.1 182 104 0.615 47.3% 3.1% 26.1% 56.7% - - 9.5% 18.9% 2.1% - - - - -

1984 76.1% 22.4 179 106 0.637 53.7% 1.0% 24.1% 58.3% - - 15.0% 24.4% 1.7% - - - - -

1985 74.6% 23.0 177 111 0.671 61.6% 2.1% 22.8% 58.7% - - 21.4% 32.0% 0.9% - - - - -

1986 71.7% 23.7 167 111 0.701 71.1% 1.1% 24.8% 58.0% - - 36.7% 28.4% 0.3% 4.8% - - - -

1987 72.2% 23.8 162 112 0.732 77.0% 1.1% 24.9% 59.5% - - 42.5% 30.5% 0.3% 14.7% - - - -

1988 70.2% 24.1 160 116 0.759 81.7% 0.8% 24.3% 66.1% - - 53.7% 30.0% 0.0% 19.9% - - - -

1989 69.3% 23.7 163 121 0.783 82.5% 1.0% 21.0% 69.3% 0.1% - 62.4% 27.8% 0.0% 24.4% - - - -

1990 69.8% 23.3 163 129 0.829 84.6% 1.0% 19.6% 72.9% 0.0% - 77.5% 21.1% 0.0% 33.0% 0.6% - - -

1991 67.8% 23.4 163 132 0.851 83.2% 1.4% 20.5% 73.6% 0.0% - 78.0% 21.8% 0.1% 34.1% 2.4% - - -

1992 66.6% 23.1 170 141 0.868 80.8% 1.1% 17.4% 76.4% 0.0% - 89.5% 10.4% 0.1% 35.0% 4.6% - - -

1993 64.0% 23.5 166 138 0.865 85.1% 1.2% 17.8% 77.0% 0.0% - 91.6% 8.4% - 36.7% 4.8% - - -

1994 59.6% 23.3 168 143 0.884 84.4% 0.4% 16.7% 79.3% - - 94.9% 5.1% 0.0% 41.0% 8.0% - - -

1995 62.0% 23.4 167 152 0.945 82.0% 1.2% 16.3% 81.9% - - 98.8% 1.2% 0.1% 52.2% 9.8% - - -

1996 60.0% 23.3 165 154 0.958 86.5% 1.5% 14.9% 83.6% 0.0% - 98.8% 1.1% 0.1% 57.3% 11.7% 0.3% - -

1997 57.6% 23.4 164 156 0.974 86.5% 1.7% 13.5% 85.8% 0.1% - 99.1% 0.8% 0.1% 58.6% 11.3% 0.7% - -

1998 55.1% 23.4 164 159 0.993 87.0% 2.3% 12.3% 87.3% 0.1% - 99.7% 0.1% 0.2% 61.4% 18.4% 2.4% - -

1999 55.1% 23.0 166 164 1.009 87.2% 2.2% 10.9% 88.4% 0.0% - 99.7% 0.1% 0.2% 64.6% 17.1% 3.3% - -

2000 55.1% 22.9 165 168 1.032 84.9% 2.1% 11.2% 87.7% 0.0% - 99.7% 0.1% 0.2% 65.1% 23.4% 2.3% - 0.1%

2001 53.9% 23.0 165 168 1.042 84.1% 3.2% 11.4% 87.5% 0.2% - 99.7% - 0.3% 67.2% 28.3% 3.6% - 0.0%

2002 51.5% 23.1 166 173 1.066 84.9% 3.8% 11.2% 88.1% 0.4% - 99.6% - 0.4% 69.9% 33.9% 4.2% - 0.3%

2003 50.2% 23.3 165 176 1.086 82.0% 3.5% 11.2% 87.9% 0.9% - 99.6% - 0.4% 73.8% 41.3% 2.1% - 0.6%

2004 48.0% 23.1 168 182 1.106 80.8% 5.4% 10.2% 88.2% 1.4% - 99.7% - 0.3% 77.2% 44.2% 4.0% - 0.9%

2005 50.5% 23.5 166 182 1.115 79.8% 5.8% 9.3% 88.0% 2.6% - 99.6% - 0.4% 78.2% 51.6% 2.7% 1.1% 2.1%

2006 52.9% 23.3 172 194 1.146 75.8% 5.8% 9.4% 88.1% 2.4% - 99.4% - 0.6% 80.8% 60.6% 3.6% 2.2% 1.5%

2007 52.9% 24.1 165 189 1.157 80.5% 5.7% 8.5% 81.1% 10.4% - 99.6% - 0.0% 84.8% 65.2% 3.7% 1.0% 3.4%

2008 52.7% 24.3 165 193 1.178 77.8% 7.3% 8.0% 80.2% 11.5% 3.2% 96.8% - 0.1% 87.8% 63.5% 4.7% 2.3% 3.4%

2009 60.2% 25.4 155 184 1.190 82.5% 6.8% 6.7% 81.9% 11.0% 4.6% 94.7% - 0.7% 91.9% 80.7% 4.4% 2.1% 3.0%

2010 58.9% 25.8 159 192 1.205 79.8% 6.5% 10.0% 76.0% 13.8% 6.7% 92.7% - 0.5% 93.4% 91.5% 3.9% 3.1% 6.1%

Table 13

Powertrain Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles (Percentage Basis)

EPA-420-R-10-023 21 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Trucks

Model Year Production Share

Adj Comp 

MPG CID HP HP/ CID

Front Wheel 

Drive

Four 

Wheel 

Drive

Manual 

Trans

Lockup 

Trans CVT

GDI 

Metering

Port 

Metering

TBI 

Metering Diesel

MultiValve VVT Turbo CD Hybrid

1975 19.4% 11.6 311 142 0.476 - 17.1% 37.0% - - - - 0.1% - - - - - -

1976 21.2% 12.2 319 141 0.458 - 22.9% 34.8% - - - - 0.1% - - - - - -

1977 20.0% 13.3 318 147 0.482 - 23.6% 32.0% - - - - 0.1% - - - - - -

1978 22.7% 12.9 314 146 0.481 - 29.0% 32.4% - - - - 0.1% 0.8% - - - - -

1979 22.2% 12.5 298 138 0.486 - 18.0% 35.2% 2.1% - - - 0.3% 1.8% - - - - -

1980 16.5% 15.8 248 121 0.528 1.4% 25.0% 53.0% 24.6% - - - 1.7% 3.5% - - - - -

1981 17.3% 17.1 247 119 0.508 1.9% 20.1% 51.6% 31.1% - - - 1.1% 5.6% - - - - -

1982 19.7% 17.4 243 120 0.524 1.7% 20.0% 45.7% 33.2% - - - 0.7% 9.3% - - - - -

1983 22.3% 17.8 231 118 0.543 1.4% 25.8% 45.9% 36.1% - - - 0.6% 4.7% - - - - -

1984 23.9% 17.4 224 118 0.557 4.9% 31.0% 42.1% 35.1% - - 1.9% 0.6% 2.3% - - - - -

1985 25.4% 17.5 224 124 0.586 7.1% 30.6% 37.1% 42.2% - - 8.7% 3.5% 1.1% - - - - -

1986 28.3% 18.2 211 123 0.621 5.9% 30.3% 42.7% 42.0% - - 21.8% 18.7% 0.7% - - - - -

1987 27.8% 18.3 210 131 0.654 7.4% 31.5% 39.9% 44.8% - - 33.3% 33.6% 0.3% - - - - -

1988 29.8% 17.9 227 141 0.650 9.0% 33.3% 35.5% 53.1% - - 43.3% 44.4% 0.2% - - - - -

1989 30.7% 17.6 234 146 0.653 9.9% 32.0% 32.7% 56.8% - - 45.9% 47.6% 0.2% - - - - -

1990 30.2% 17.4 237 151 0.668 15.5% 31.3% 28.2% 67.4% - - 55.2% 40.8% 0.2% - - - - -

1991 32.2% 17.8 228 150 0.681 9.7% 35.3% 31.0% 67.4% - - 55.0% 43.2% 0.1% - - - - -

1992 33.4% 17.4 234 155 0.685 13.6% 31.4% 27.3% 71.5% - - 65.9% 32.5% 0.1% - - - - -

1993 36.0% 17.5 235 162 0.710 15.1% 29.4% 23.3% 75.7% - - 73.4% 25.7% - - - - - -

1994 40.4% 17.2 239 166 0.717 13.1% 36.9% 23.5% 75.1% - - 77.2% 22.5% - 5.6% - - - -

1995 38.0% 17.0 244 168 0.715 17.7% 40.7% 20.5% 78.6% - - 79.8% 20.2% - 8.4% - - - -

1996 40.0% 17.2 243 179 0.757 20.1% 37.1% 15.6% 83.5% - - 99.9% - 0.1% 12.4% - - - -

1997 42.4% 17.0 248 187 0.775 13.9% 43.2% 14.6% 85.0% - - 100.0% - 0.0% 13.7% - - - -

1998 44.9% 17.1 242 187 0.795 18.7% 42.0% 13.4% 86.0% - - 100.0% - 0.0% 15.8% - - - -

1999 44.9% 16.7 249 197 0.814 17.4% 44.6% 9.1% 90.5% - - 100.0% - 0.0% 17.3% - - - -

2000 44.9% 16.9 242 197 0.832 19.4% 42.4% 8.0% 91.7% - - 100.0% - - 19.9% 4.7% - - -

2001 46.1% 16.7 243 209 0.882 18.5% 43.8% 6.3% 93.4% - - 100.0% - - 27.6% 9.3% - - -

2002 48.5% 16.7 244 219 0.918 18.5% 47.6% 5.0% 94.7% 0.0% - 100.0% - - 35.6% 16.2% - - -

2003 49.8% 16.9 243 221 0.927 19.1% 46.7% 4.8% 93.7% 1.2% - 100.0% - - 37.1% 19.7% 0.2% - -

2004 52.0% 16.7 252 236 0.953 17.2% 52.3% 3.7% 95.0% 1.0% - 100.0% - 0.0% 48.4% 33.3% 0.8% - 0.0%

2005 49.5% 17.2 244 237 0.983 25.7% 48.3% 3.0% 95.0% 2.0% - 99.9% - 0.1% 52.8% 39.8% 0.6% 0.5% 0.1%

2006 47.1% 17.5 240 235 0.992 25.1% 48.4% 3.2% 93.5% 3.3% - 99.9% - 0.1% 61.4% 49.6% 0.5% 5.3% 1.4%

2007 47.1% 17.7 244 248 1.034 24.9% 49.0% 2.5% 93.9% 3.7% - 99.9% - 0.1% 57.0% 48.5% 1.3% 14.3% 0.9%

2008 47.3% 18.2 237 247 1.059 28.0% 49.6% 2.0% 94.1% 3.9% 1.2% 98.6% - 0.2% 63.6% 52.3% 1.1% 11.7% 1.4%

2009 39.8% 19.0 226 245 1.103 32.7% 49.3% 1.8% 91.0% 7.3% 3.8% 96.0% - 0.2% 71.1% 58.9% 1.6% 15.3% 1.2%

2010 41.1% 19.1 236 259 1.121 30.2% 48.2% 2.0% 92.8% 5.2% 11.0% 88.8% - 0.2% 75.6% 79.2% 2.2% 12.5% 1.6%

Table 13 (continued)

Powertrain Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles (Percentage Basis)

EPA-420-R-10-023 22 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Cars and Trucks

Model Year Adj Comp MPG CID HP HP/ CID

Front 

Wheel 

Drive

Four Wheel 

Drive

Manual 

Trans

Lockup 

Trans CVT

GDI 

Metering

Port 

Metering

TBI 

Metering Diesel

MultiValve VVT Turbo CD Hybrid

1975 13.1 293 137 0.507 5.3% 3.3% 23.0% 0.2% - - 4.1% 0.0% 0.2% - - - - -

1976 14.2 294 135 0.493 4.6% 4.8% 20.9% - - - 2.5% 0.0% 0.2% - - - - -

1977 15.1 287 136 0.510 5.5% 4.7% 19.8% - - - 3.4% 0.0% 0.4% - - - - -

1978 15.8 266 129 0.525 7.4% 6.6% 22.7% 5.5% - - 3.9% 0.0% 0.9% - - - - -

1979 15.9 252 124 0.532 9.2% 4.3% 24.2% 7.3% - - 3.7% 0.1% 2.0% - - - - -

1980 19.2 198 104 0.574 25.0% 4.9% 34.6% 18.1% - - 5.2% 0.8% 4.3% - - - - -

1981 20.5 193 102 0.580 31.0% 4.0% 33.6% 33.0% - - 5.1% 2.4% 5.9% - - - - -

1982 21.1 188 103 0.593 37.0% 4.6% 32.4% 47.8% - - 5.8% 8.0% 5.6% - - - - -

1983 21.0 193 107 0.599 37.0% 8.1% 30.5% 52.1% - - 7.3% 14.8% 2.7% - - - - -

1984 21.0 190 109 0.618 42.1% 8.2% 28.4% 52.8% - - 11.9% 18.7% 1.8% - - - - -

1985 21.3 189 114 0.650 47.8% 9.3% 26.5% 54.5% - - 18.2% 24.8% 0.9% - - - - -

1986 21.8 180 114 0.678 52.6% 9.3% 29.8% 53.5% - - 32.5% 25.7% 0.4% - - - - -

1987 22.0 175 118 0.710 57.7% 9.6% 29.1% 55.4% - - 39.9% 31.4% 0.3% - - - - -

1988 21.9 180 123 0.726 60.0% 10.5% 27.6% 62.2% - - 50.6% 34.3% 0.1% - - - - -

1989 21.4 185 129 0.743 60.2% 10.5% 24.6% 65.5% 0.1% - 57.3% 33.9% 0.1% - - - - -

1990 21.2 185 135 0.781 63.8% 10.1% 22.2% 71.2% 0.0% - 70.8% 27.0% 0.1% - - - - -

1991 21.2 184 138 0.796 59.6% 12.3% 23.9% 71.6% 0.0% - 70.6% 28.7% 0.1% - - - - -

1992 20.8 191 145 0.807 58.4% 11.2% 20.7% 74.8% 0.0% - 81.6% 17.8% 0.1% - - - - -

1993 20.9 191 147 0.809 59.9% 11.3% 19.8% 76.5% 0.0% - 85.0% 14.6% - - - - - -

1994 20.4 197 152 0.816 55.6% 15.2% 19.5% 77.6% - - 87.7% 12.1% 0.0% 26.7% - - - -

1995 20.5 196 158 0.857 57.6% 16.2% 17.9% 80.7% - - 91.6% 8.4% 0.0% 35.6% - - - -

1996 20.4 197 164 0.878 60.0% 15.7% 15.2% 83.5% 0.0% - 99.3% 0.7% 0.1% 39.3% - 0.2% - -

1997 20.1 199 169 0.890 55.8% 19.3% 14.0% 85.5% 0.0% - 99.5% 0.5% 0.1% 39.6% - 0.4% - -

1998 20.1 199 171 0.904 56.4% 20.1% 12.8% 86.7% 0.0% - 99.8% 0.1% 0.1% 40.9% - 1.4% - -

1999 19.7 203 179 0.921 55.8% 21.3% 10.1% 89.4% 0.0% - 99.9% 0.1% 0.1% 43.4% - 1.8% - -

2000 19.8 200 181 0.942 55.5% 20.2% 9.7% 89.5% 0.0% - 99.8% 0.0% 0.1% 44.8% 15.0% 1.3% - 0.0%

2001 19.6 201 187 0.968 53.8% 21.9% 9.0% 90.2% 0.1% - 99.9% - 0.1% 49.0% 19.6% 2.0% - 0.0%

2002 19.4 203 195 0.994 52.7% 25.0% 8.2% 91.3% 0.2% - 99.8% - 0.2% 53.3% 25.3% 2.2% - 0.2%

2003 19.6 204 199 1.007 50.7% 25.0% 8.0% 90.8% 1.1% - 99.8% - 0.2% 55.5% 30.6% 1.2% - 0.3%

2004 19.3 212 211 1.026 47.7% 29.8% 6.8% 91.8% 1.2% - 99.9% - 0.1% 62.3% 38.5% 2.3% - 0.5%

2005 19.9 205 209 1.049 53.0% 26.8% 6.2% 91.4% 2.3% - 99.7% - 0.3% 65.6% 45.8% 1.7% 0.8% 1.1%

2006 20.1 204 213 1.073 51.9% 25.8% 6.5% 90.6% 2.8% - 99.6% - 0.4% 71.7% 55.4% 2.1% 3.6% 1.5%

2007 20.6 203 217 1.099 54.3% 26.1% 5.6% 87.1% 7.2% - 99.8% - 0.1% 71.7% 57.3% 2.6% 7.3% 2.2%

2008 21.0 199 219 1.122 54.2% 27.3% 5.2% 86.8% 7.9% 2.3% 97.6% - 0.1% 76.4% 58.2% 3.0% 6.7% 2.5%

2009 22.4 183 208 1.156 62.7% 23.7% 4.7% 85.5% 9.5% 4.2% 95.2% - 0.5% 83.6% 72.0% 3.3% 7.4% 2.3%

2010 22.5 191 220 1.170 59.4% 23.6% 6.7% 82.9% 10.3% 8.5% 91.1% - 0.4% 86.1% 86.4% 3.2% 7.0% 4.3%

Powertrain Characteristics of 1975 to 2010 Light Duty Vehicles (Percentage Basis)

Table 13 (continued)

EPA-420-R-10-023 23 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Vehicle Type Vehicle Size

Front 

Wheel 

Drive

Four 

Wheel 

Drive

Manual 

Trans

MultiValve VVT

Car Small 74% 4% 17% 92% 88%

Car Midsize 88% 7% 4% 99% 99%

Car Large 74% 6% 1% 78% 84%

Car All 80% 5% 9% 93% 92%

Wagon Small 93% 7% 22% 100% 94%

Wagon Midsize 33% 67% 5% 100% 48%

Wagon Large - 100% - 100% 100%

Wagon All 83% 17% 19% 100% 88%

Van Small 100% - 6% 100% 100%

Van Midsize 99% 1% - 59% 46%

Van Large - 12% - - 49%

Van All 96% 1% 0% 58% 47%

SUV Small - 96% 28% - -

SUV Midsize 40% 57% 1% 96% 87%

SUV Large 33% 52% 0% 83% 84%

SUV All 36% 55% 1% 89% 84%

Pickup Midsize - 32% 28% 100% 100%

Pickup Large - 49% 1% 49% 75%

Pickup All - 47% 4% 55% 78%

Transmission Car 1988 Car 2010 Van 1988 Van 2010 SUV 1988 SUV 2010

Pickup 

1988

Pickup 

2010

M4 37.0 - 33.6 - 38.0 - 32.4 -

M5 37.7 42.8 37.7 43.4 33.1 42.2 35.3 41.0

M6 - 40.7 - - - 38.2 - 36.3

CVT - 46.1 - - - 43.1 - -

L3 36.1 - 37.1 - 33.5 - 31.4 -

L4 37.9 43.6 36.6 43.7 33.8 41.9 33.8 42.2

L5 - 44.3 - 47.3 - 43.7 - 40.0

L6 - 45.0 - 44.8 - 46.8 - 46.9

Table 14

MY2010 Technology Usage by Vehicle Type and Size

(Percent of Vehicle Type/Size Strata)

Table 15

Ton-MPG by Transmission and Vehicle Type

(Conventionally Powered Vehicles)

EPA-420-R-10-023 24 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Model Year Other 8 Cylinder 6 Cylinder 4 Cylinder

1975 0.6% 61.9% 17.7% 19.8%

1976 0.4% 62.2% 19.3% 18.2%

1977 0.2% 65.4% 16.0% 18.4%

1978 0.3% 57.1% 20.0% 22.6%

1979 0.7% 53.6% 19.5% 26.2%

1980 1.1% 25.6% 28.3% 45.1%

1981 0.9% 23.1% 28.7% 47.3%

1982 1.1% 21.9% 28.0% 49.0%

1983 1.2% 25.9% 25.3% 47.6%

1984 1.1% 24.1% 26.1% 48.7%

1985 1.4% 23.7% 25.7% 49.2%

1986 1.4% 18.4% 26.5% 53.8%

1987 1.2% 15.4% 28.1% 55.3%

1988 1.1% 16.3% 33.0% 49.6%

1989 0.8% 15.8% 36.4% 47.0%

1990 0.7% 15.0% 39.2% 45.1%

1991 1.1% 13.2% 39.9% 45.7%

1992 1.2% 14.8% 45.6% 38.4%

1993 1.2% 13.6% 47.7% 37.6%

1994 1.2% 16.5% 46.0% 36.4%

1995 0.6% 16.7% 46.0% 36.7%

1996 0.9% 16.1% 46.9% 36.2%

1997 0.5% 20.1% 42.1% 37.4%

1998 0.8% 17.9% 45.4% 35.9%

1999 0.4% 19.9% 47.2% 32.4%

2000 0.5% 19.0% 48.9% 31.7%

2001 0.6% 20.4% 47.1% 32.0%

2002 0.5% 19.6% 48.8% 31.1%

2003 0.3% 21.3% 46.6% 31.8%

2004 2.0% 23.9% 46.1% 28.0%

2005 2.1% 20.0% 46.2% 31.7%

2006 2.6% 18.9% 47.0% 31.5%

2007 2.1% 19.3% 42.1% 36.5%

2008 2.1% 16.8% 43.4% 37.7%

2009 1.9% 12.4% 35.0% 50.8%

2010 1.1% 16.5% 34.0% 48.4%

Table 16

 Production Share by Number of Cylinders

EPA-420-R-10-023 25 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Vehicle Type HP CID HP/ CID

MultiValve VVTCylinder 

Deactivation

Car 192 159 1.21 93% 92% 3%

Van 217 215 1.01 58% 47% 15%

SUV 247 209 1.20 89% 84% 6%

Pickup 295 295 1.00 55% 78% 25%

All 220 191 1.17 86% 86% 7%

Vehicle Type Cylinders HP 1988 HP 2010

Percent 

Change CID 1988 CID 2010

Percent 

Change

HP/ CID 

1988

HP/ CID 

2010

Percent 

Change

Car 4 95 152 60% 118 128 8% 0.805 1.190 48%

Car 6 142 261 84% 193 209 8% 0.744 1.253 68%

Car 8 164 365 123% 301 319 6% 0.544 1.148 111%

Van 4 98 143 46% 145 126 -13% 0.678 1.134 67%

Van 6 149 222 49% 213 222 5% 0.722 1.001 39%

Van 8 168 320 90% 322 323 0% 0.520 0.991 91%

SUV 4 94 180 91% 122 148 21% 0.773 1.219 58%

SUV 6 147 259 76% 212 212 0% 0.706 1.224 73%

SUV 8 183 348 90% 338 329 -3% 0.541 1.061 96%

Pickup 4 97 159 64% 142 159 12% 0.685 1.001 46%

Pickup 6 142 229 61% 229 240 5% 0.644 0.957 49%

Pickup 8 180 320 78% 329 320 -3% 0.544 1.000 84%

Table 17

MY2010 Engine Characteristics by Vehicle Type

Table 18

Changes in Horsepower and Specific Power by Vehicle Type and Number of Cylinders

EPA-420-R-10-023 26 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Weight (lb) HP 1988 HP 2010

Percent 

Change CID 1988 CID 2010

Percent 

Change

HP/ CID 

1988

HP/ CID 

2010

Percent 

Change

Cars

2000 59 70 19% 77 61 -21% 0.770 1.148 49%

2250 73 225 208% 90 110 22% 0.808 2.045 153%

2500 79 106 34% 100 91 -9% 0.785 1.165 48%

2750 97 115 19% 123 97 -21% 0.804 1.182 47%

3000 114 139 22% 145 115 -21% 0.797 1.208 52%

3500 151 180 19% 212 152 -28% 0.732 1.184 62%

4000 160 255 59% 289 209 -28% 0.569 1.230 116%

4500 144 329 128% 305 274 -10% 0.474 1.231 160%

5000 207 363 75% 408 275 -33% 0.509 1.329 161%

5500 205 300 46% 412 236 -43% 0.498 1.263 154%

6000 205 381 86% 412 313 -24% 0.498 1.181 137%

Vans

3500 123 143 16% 166 126 -24% 0.736 1.134 54%

4500 169 216 28% 321 222 -31% 0.528 0.975 85%

5000 156 241 54% 312 225 -28% 0.500 1.081 116%

5500 195 320 64% 347 323 -7% 0.562 0.991 76%

6000 126 320 154% 379 323 -15% 0.332 0.991 198%

SUVs

3500 147 179 22% 210 151 -28% 0.712 1.180 66%

4000 135 209 55% 190 169 -11% 0.723 1.250 73%

4500 148 258 74% 312 214 -31% 0.494 1.211 145%

5000 181 269 49% 330 223 -32% 0.545 1.217 123%

5500 200 314 57% 350 259 -26% 0.572 1.229 115%

6000 162 345 113% 368 329 -11% 0.445 1.050 136%

Pickups

3500 130 155 19% 184 154 -16% 0.719 1.010 40%

4000 154 206 34% 282 212 -25% 0.555 0.972 75%

4500 174 240 38% 322 239 -26% 0.539 1.009 87%

5000 193 304 58% 342 307 -10% 0.565 0.985 74%

5500 178 308 73% 363 315 -13% 0.495 0.979 98%

6000 140 335 139% 379 328 -13% 0.369 1.024 178%

Table 19

Changes in Horsepower and Specific Power by Vehicle Type and Weight

EPA-420-R-10-023 27 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Engine Type Cars 1988 Cars 2010 Vans 1988 Vans 2010 SUVs 1988 SUVs 2010

Pickups 

1988

Pickups 

2010 All 1988 All 2010

Carb 16% - 0% - 16% - 16% - 15% -

TBI 30% - 43% - 37% - 48% - 34% -

Port Fixed 54% 8% 57% 53% 47% 16% 35% 22% 51% 13%

Port Variable - 79% - 47% - 63% - 78% - 74%

GDI Fixed - 0% - - - - - - - 0%

GDI Variable - 7% - - - 18% - - - 8%

Diesel 0% 1% 0% - 0% 0% 0% - 0% 0%

Hybrid - 6% - - - 3% - 0% - 4%

Fuel Metering Number of Valves

Valve 

Timing HP 1988 HP 2010 CID 1988 CID 2010

HP/ CID 

1988

HP/ CID 

2010

Ton MPG 

1988

Ton MPG 

2010

0-to-60 

Time 

1988

0-to-60 

Time 

2010

Carb Fixed 88 - 131 - 0.75 - 37.2 - 14.3 -

TBI 2 Fixed 97 - 141 - 0.71 - 36.9 - 13.7 -

Port 2 Fixed 137 313 193 301 0.74 1.07 36.6 37.6 11.9 7.5

Port 4 Fixed 137 191 131 168 1.05 1.14 37.9 42.8 11.1 9.8

Port 4 Variable - 184 - 151 - 1.21 - 44.3 - 9.7

GDI 4 Fixed - 200 - 121 - 1.65 - 45.9 - 8.9

GDI 4 Variable - 261 - 177 - 1.50 - 45.0 - 8.2

Fuel Metering Number of Valves

Valve 

Timing HP 1988 HP 2010 CID 1988 CID 2010

HP/ CID 

1988

HP/ CID 

2010

Ton MPG 

1988

Ton MPG 

2010

0-to-60 

Time 

1988

0-to-60 

Time 

2010

Carb Fixed -35.8% - -32.1% - 1.4% - 1.6% - 20.2% -

TBI 2 Fixed -29.2% - -26.9% - -4.1% - 0.8% - 15.1% -

Port 2 Fixed - 128.5% - 56.0% - 44.6% - 2.7% - -37.0%

Port 4 Fixed - 39.4% -32.1% -13.0% 41.9% 54.1% 3.6% 16.9% -6.7% -17.6%

Port 4 Variable - 34.3% - -21.8% - 63.5% - 21.0% - -18.5%

GDI 4 Fixed - 46.0% - -37.3% - 123.0% - 25.4% - -25.2%

GDI 4 Variable - 90.5% - -8.3% - 102.7% - 23.0% - -31.1%

Percent Change over 1988 Port Two Valve, Fixed Valve Timing Base Model

Table 20

Production Share of MY1988 and MY2010 Light Vehicles by Engine Type and Valve Timing

Table 21

Comparison of MY1988 and MY2010 Cars by Engine Fuel Metering, Number of Valves and Valve Timing

EPA-420-R-10-023 28 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Fuel Boost

Valve 

Timing

2 Valve HP/ 

CID

2 Valve 

Production 

Fraction

3 Valve 

HP/ CID

3 Valve 

Production 

Fraction

4 Valve 

HP/ CID

4 Valve 

Production 

Fraction

Total 

Production 

Fraction

Model Year 2010 Cars

Regular No Boost Fixed 0.94 1.5% - - 1.12 6.0% 7.5%

Regular No Boost Variable 1.07 4.8% 1.12 0.6% 1.18 71.4% 76.8%

Regular Boost Fixed - - - - 1.72 0.0% 0.0%

Regular Boost Variable - - - - 1.73 0.7% 0.7%

Premium No Boost Fixed 1.88 0.2% - - 1.35 0.0% 0.2%

Premium No Boost Variable 1.16 0.0% 1.06 0.0% 1.33 11.3% 11.3%

Premium Boost Fixed 1.49 0.1% - - 1.64 0.2% 0.3%

Premium Boost Variable - - 1.56 0.0% 1.72 2.6% 2.6%

Diesel Boost - - - - 1.17 0.5% 0.5%

Total - - 6.6% - 0.7% - 92.7% 100.0%

Model Year 2010 Trucks

Regular No Boost Fixed 0.88 11.4% 1.01 3.2% 1.16 6.2% 20.7%

Regular No Boost Variable 0.98 13.0% 0.94 4.1% 1.18 49.4% 66.6%

Regular Boost Variable - - - - 1.60 0.2% 0.2%

Premium No Boost Fixed - - - - 0.96 0.0% 0.0%

Premium No Boost Variable 1.13 0.0% - - 1.24 10.3% 10.3%

Premium Boost Variable - - 1.51 0.0% 1.72 1.9% 1.9%

Diesel Boost - - - - 1.24 0.2% 0.2%

Total - - 24.4% - 7.3% - 68.2% 100.0%

Table 22

HP/CID and Production Share by Fuel and Engine Technology

EPA-420-R-10-023 29 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Car Class Model Name Drive Transmission Weight CID HP

Lab 55/45 

mpg Cylinders

Cylinder 

Deactivation

HP % 

Change

Lab MPG 

% 

Change

Small Car Challenger Rear L5 4500 348 359 24.1 8 Yes -5% 2%

Challenger Rear M6 4500 348 376 23.6 8 No

Small Car TSX Front L5 4000 214 280 28.0 6 Yes 28% -15%

TSX Front L5 3500 146 201 32.3 4 No

Large Car Charger Rear L5 4500 348 359 24.1 8 Yes -18% 19%

Charger Rear L5 4500 372 425 19.6 8 No

Large Car Accord 4DR Sedan Front L5 4000 214 280 29.4 6 Yes 32% -11%

Accord 4DR Sedan Front L5 3500 146 190 32.6 4 No

Large Pickup Ram 1500 Pickup 2WD Rear L5 5000 348 390 20.4 8 Yes 23% 3%

Ram 1500 Pickup 2WD Rear L5 5500 287 302 19.8 8 No

Large SUV C1500 Yukon 2WD Rear L6 6000 378 403 21.0 8 Yes 25% -4%

C1500 Yukon 2WD Rear L6 6000 323 301 21.8 8 No

Comparison of MY2010 Vehicles with Engines with Cylinder Deactivation

Model Year 2010 Cars and Trucks

Table 23

EPA-420-R-10-023 30 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Model Name Transmission Weight (lb) CID (cu in)

Lab 55/45 

MPG

Adj City 

MPG

Adj Hwy 

MPG

Adj Comp 

MPG Ton/ MPG

Hwy/ City 

Ratio

Hybrid Cars

CAMRY HYBRID CVT 4000 144 45.9 33.4 34.1 33.8 67.6 1.0

CIVIC HYBRID CVT 3000 79 58.8 40.2 45.3 42.9 64.4 1.1

FUSION HYBRID FWD CVT 4000 153 54.2 41.4 36.4 38.4 76.8 0.9

GS 450h CVT 4500 211 30.8 21.9 25.3 23.8 53.5 1.2

HS 250h CVT 4000 144 47.3 35.3 33.6 34.3 68.6 0.9

INSIGHT CVT 3000 79 57.6 40.1 43.3 41.9 62.8 1.1

LS 600h L CVT 5500 303 26.9 19.6 21.8 20.8 57.2 1.1

MALIBU HYBRID Other 4000 146 38.6 25.8 34.0 29.9 59.8 1.3

MILAN HYBRID FWD CVT 4000 153 54.2 41.4 36.4 38.4 76.8 0.9

PRIUS CVT 3500 110 70.9 50.9 48.3 49.4 86.4 0.9

S400 HYBRID Other 5000 213 27.5 18.6 25.1 21.8 54.6 1.3

All 2010 Cars 3499 159 32.7 21.7 30.1 25.8 46.1 1.4

Hybrid Trucks

ActiveHybrid X6 Other 6000 269 23.1 16.7 19.2 18.0 54.1 1.2

C15 SIERRA 2WD 

HYBRID CVT 6000 366 28.4 21.2 22.0 21.6 64.9 1.0

C15 SILVERADO 2WD 

HYBRID CVT 6000 366 28.4 21.2 22.0 21.6 64.9 1.0

C1500 TAHOE 2WD 

HYBRID CVT 6000 366 28.4 21.2 22.0 21.6 64.9 1.0

C1500 YUKON HYBRID 

2WD CVT 6000 366 28.4 21.2 22.0 21.6 64.9 1.0

ESCALADE 2WD 

HYBRID CVT 6000 366 28.4 21.2 22.0 21.6 64.9 1.0

ESCAPE HYBRID 4WD CVT 4000 153 38.8 30.2 27.1 28.4 56.7 0.9

ESCAPE HYBRID FWD CVT 4000 153 44.1 34.0 30.5 31.9 63.9 0.9

HIGHLANDER HYBRID 

4WD CVT 5000 202 35.2 27.3 25.1 26.0 65.0 0.9

K15 SILVERADO 4WD 

HYBRID CVT 6000 366 28.3 21.1 21.8 21.5 64.6 1.0

K1500 TAHOE 4WD 

HYBRID CVT 6000 366 28.3 21.1 21.8 21.5 64.6 1.0

K1500 YUKON 4WD 

HYBRID CVT 6000 366 28.3 21.1 21.8 21.5 64.6 1.0

MARINER HYBRID 

4WD CVT 4000 153 38.8 30.2 27.1 28.4 56.7 0.9

MARINER HYBRID 

FWD CVT 4000 153 44.1 34.0 30.5 31.9 63.9 0.9

ML450 HYBRID 

4MATIC Other 5500 213 29.6 21.2 24.2 22.8 62.7 1.1

RX 450h CVT 5000 211 40.4 31.5 27.9 29.4 73.4 0.9

RX 450h AWD CVT 5000 211 39.2 30.2 27.7 28.7 71.7 0.9

TRIBUTE HYBRID 2WD CVT 4000 153 44.1 34.0 30.5 31.9 63.9 0.9

TRIBUTE HYBRID 4WD CVT 4000 153 38.8 30.2 27.1 28.4 56.7 0.9

VUE FWD HYBRID L4 4000 146 36.7 24.8 32.2 28.5 57.0 1.3

All 2010 Trucks 4738 236 23.8 16.2 22.0 19.1 45.3 1.4

Characteristics of MY 2010 Hybrid and Diesel Vehicles

Table 24

EPA-420-R-10-023 31 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Model Name Transmission Weight (lb) CID (cu in)

Lab 55/45 

MPG

Adj City 

MPG

Adj Hwy 

MPG

Adj Comp 

MPG Ton/ MPG

Hwy/ City 

Ratio

Diesel Cars

335d L6 4000 183 36.0 22.7 36.1 28.8 57.6 1.6

A3 L6 3500 120 46.2 29.7 42.0 35.7 62.4 1.4

GOLF L6 3500 120 46.2 29.7 42.0 35.7 62.4 1.4

GOLF M6 3500 120 45.7 29.7 41.0 35.2 61.6 1.4

JETTA L6 3500 120 46.2 29.7 42.0 35.7 62.4 1.4

JETTA M6 3500 120 45.7 29.7 41.0 35.2 61.6 1.4

JETTA SPORTWAGEN L6 3500 120 46.2 29.7 42.0 35.7 62.4 1.4

JETTA SPORTWAGEN M6 3500 120 45.7 29.7 41.0 35.2 61.6 1.4

R 350 BLUETEC Other 5500 182 26.3 17.9 23.9 20.9 57.5 1.3

All 2010 Cars 3499 159 32.7 21.7 30.1 25.8 46.1 1.4

Diesel Trucks

GL 350 BLUETEC Other 6000 182 24.8 16.9 22.7 19.8 59.3 1.3

ML 350 BLUETEC Other 5000 182 27.1 18.4 24.7 21.5 53.7 1.3

Q7 L6 6000 183 24.2 15.9 23.8 19.6 58.9 1.5

Touareg L6 5500 183 26.2 17.5 24.7 21.0 57.7 1.4

X5 xDrive35d L6 5500 183 28.4 19.1 26.2 22.5 62.0 1.4

All 2010 Trucks 4738 236 23.8 16.2 22.0 19.1 45.3 1.4

Table 24 (continued)

Characteristics of MY 2010 Hybrid and Diesel Vehicles

EPA-420-R-10-023 32 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Hybrid Version Baseline Version

Model Name Weight CID Trans

Adj Comp 

MPG

Gal Per 

Year* Weight CID Trans

Adj Comp 

MPG

Gal Per 

Year*

Adj 

Comp 

MPG

Gal Per 

Year

FUSION HYBRID FWD 4000 153 CVT 38.4 391 3500 153 L6 26.0 576 47% 185

MALIBU HYBRID 4000 146 A4 29.9 501 3500 146 L4 25.9 580 16% 78

CIVIC HYBRID 3000 79 CVT 42.9 349 3000 110 L5 29.6 506 45% 157

GS 450h** 4500 211 CVT 23.8 631 4000 211 L6 22.4 669 6% 37

LS 600h L** 5500 303 CVT 20.8 721 5000 281 L8 19.2 781 8% 60

CAMRY HYBRID 4000 144 CVT 33.8 444 3500 152 L6 26.8 560 26% 116

HIGHLANDER HYBRID 

4WD 5000 202 CVT 26.0 577 4500 211 L5 19.7 760 32% 183

ActiveHybrid X6 6000 269 L7 18.0 831 5500 269 L6 15.4 977 18% 146

ML450 HYBRID 

4MATIC 5500 213 A8 22.8 657 5000 213 L7 17.3 866 32% 209

TRIBUTE HYBRID 2WD 4000 153 CVT 31.9 470 3500 153 L6 24.3 617 31% 147

TRIBUTE HYBRID 4WD 4000 153 CVT 28.4 529 4000 153 L6 23.3 644 22% 115

ESCAPE HYBRID 4WD 4000 153 CVT 28.4 529 4000 153 L6 22.9 656 24% 127

ESCAPE HYBRID FWD 4000 153 CVT 31.9 470 3500 153 L6 24.3 617 31% 147

MARINER HYBRID 

4WD 4000 153 CVT 28.4 529 4000 153 L6 22.9 656 24% 127

MARINER HYBRID 

FWD 4000 153 CVT 31.9 470 3500 153 L6 24.3 617 31% 147

MILAN HYBRID FWD 4000 153 CVT 38.4 391 3500 153 L6 26.0 576 47% 185

ESCALADE 2WD 

HYBRID 6000 366 CVT 21.6 693 6000 378 L6 17.1 878 27% 185

C15 SILVERADO 2WD 

HYBRID 6000 366 CVT 21.6 693 5000 323 L6 17.9 840 21% 146

K15 SILVERADO 4WD 

HYBRID 6000 366 CVT 21.5 697 5000 323 L6 17.6 850 22% 153

C1500 TAHOE 2WD 

HYBRID 6000 366 CVT 21.6 693 6000 323 L6 17.6 850 23% 157

K1500 TAHOE 4WD 

HYBRID 6000 366 CVT 21.5 697 6000 323 L6 17.6 850 22% 154

C15 SIERRA 2WD 

HYBRID 6000 366 CVT 21.6 693 5500 323 L6 17.9 839 21% 146

C1500 YUKON HYBRID 

2WD 6000 366 CVT 21.6 693 6000 323 L6 17.6 850 23% 157

K1500 YUKON 4WD 

HYBRID 6000 366 CVT 21.5 697 6000 378 L6 16.7 898 29% 201

VUE FWD HYBRID 4000 146 A4 28.5 526 4000 146 L4 22.6 663 26% 136

RX 450h 5000 211 CVT 29.4 511 4500 211 L6 21.5 699 37% 188

RX 450h AWD 5000 211 CVT 28.7 523 4500 211 L6 21.1 712 36% 189

S400 HYBRID** 5000 350 A7 21.8 688 5000 546 L7 17.6 852 24% 164

Improvement

Table 25

Comparison of MY 2010 Hybrid Vehicles with Their Conventional Counterparts

*Note:

Gallons per year calculation is based on all vehicles being driven 15,000 miles. 

**Note: 

Baseline version used for the GS 450h comparison is the GS 350. Baseline vehicle used for the LS 600HL comparison is the LS 460L. Baseline versions used for the Rx 450h and Rx 450h AWD comparison were the Rx 350 

and the Rx 350 AWD. Baseline version used for the S400 comparison is the S550 4MATIC

EPA-420-R-10-023 33 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Hybrid Version Baseline Version

Model Name Weight CID Trans

Adj Comp 

MPG

Gal Per 

Year* Weight CID Trans

Adj Comp 

MPG

Gal Per 

Year*

Adj 

Comp 

MPG

Gal Per 

Year

335d 4000 183 L6 28.8 521 4000 183 L6 21.3 704 35% 183

A3 3500 120 L6 35.7 420 3500 121 L6 24.6 610 45% 190

Golf 3500 120 L6 35.7 420 3000 151 L6 25.1 598 42% 177

Golf 3500 120 M6 35.7 420 3000 151 M5 24.0 625 49% 205

Jetta 3500 120 L6 35.7 420 3500 121 L6 27.2 551 31% 131

Jetta 3500 120 M6 35.7 420 3500 121 M6 24.9 602 43% 182

Jetta Sportwagen 3500 120 L6 35.7 420 3500 151 L6 24.9 602 43% 182

Jetta Sportwagen 3500 120 M6 35.7 420 3500 151 M6 23.8 630 50% 210

GL 350 Bluetec** 6000 182 L7 19.8 758 6000 285 L7 15.0 1000 32% 242

ML 350 Bluetec** 5000 182 L7 21.5 698 5000 213 L7 17.3 867 24% 169

Q7 6000 183 L6 19.6 765 5500 219 L6 16.3 920 20% 155

R 350 Bluetec** 5500 182 L7 20.9 718 5500 213 L7 16.5 909 27% 191

Touareg 5500 183 L6 21.0 714 5500 219 L6 16.3 920 29% 206

X5 xDrive35d** 5500 183 L6 22.5 667 5000 183 L6 18.3 820 23% 153

Manufacturer Makes (above Threshold) Makes (below Threshold)

General Motors Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick, GMC, Pontiac, Saturn Hummer, Isuzu, Daewoo

Ford Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, Volvo Saleen, Roush, Shelby

Chrysler Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, Ram

Toyota Toyota, Lexus, Scion

Honda Honda, Acura

Nissan Nissan, Infiniti

Hyundai Hyundai

Volkswagen Volkswagen, Audi Lamborghini, Bentley, Bugatti

Kia Kia

Subaru Subaru

BMW BMW, Mini Rolls Royce, Phantom

Mitsubishi Mitsubishi

Daimler Mercedes-Benz, Smart Maybach

Mazda Mazda

Others Jaguar, Land Rover, Spyker, Saab, Ferrari, Maserati, Aston Martin, Lotus, Suzuki, Porsche

Comparison of MY 2010 Diesel Vehicles with Their Conventional Counterparts

Table 27

Manufacturers and Makes in This Report

Improvement

Table 26

*Note:

Gallons per year calculation is based on all vehicles being driven 15,000 miles. 

**Note: 

Baseline version used for the R350 Bluetec comparison is the R350 4MATIC. Baseline version used for the GL350 Bluetec comparison is the GL450 4MATIC. Baseline version used for the ML350 Bluetec comparison is the 

ML350 4MATIC. Baseline version used for the X5 xDrive 35d comparison is the X5 xDrive 30i.

EPA-420-R-10-023 34 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Manufacturer Make 2008 Cars 2008 Trucks

2008 Cars 

and Trucks 2009 Cars 2009 Trucks

2009 Cars 

and 

Trucks 2010 Cars 2010 Trucks

2010 Cars 

and 

Trucks

Toyota Toyota 39.5 23.8 29.2 37.5 26.5 33.3 38.8 23.6 31.6

Toyota Lexus 28.1 24.7 26.5 28.5 24.0 26.2 29.9 27.1 28.5

Toyota Scion 32.5 - 32.5 32.5 - 32.5 33.0 - 33.0

Toyota All 36.0 23.9 29.0 36.3 26.1 32.4 37.2 24.2 31.2

Hyundai All 33.8 25.6 30.9 33.8 25.9 31.7 33.5 29.5 32.8

Honda Honda 35.1 25.9 30.7 35.4 26.6 31.7 36.7 27.1 33.3

Honda Acura 27.6 22.1 25.0 29.2 22.4 26.3 28.2 23.7 26.5

Honda All 34.3 25.5 30.1 34.6 26.1 31.1 35.7 26.7 32.5

Kia All 33.3 24.2 28.8 34.8 25.0 30.7 35.6 25.5 31.9

VW VW 29.9 20.4 29.2 32.1 25.7 31.3 34.1 25.1 32.9

VW Audi 27.8 20.0 26.2 28.6 22.9 27.3 30.5 24.3 28.9

VW All 28.9 20.2 27.9 31.0 24.5 30.0 32.5 24.7 31.1

Nissan Nissan 33.9 22.1 28.3 34.3 25.2 30.5 34.4 24.8 31.0

Nissan Infiniti 25.1 21.2 23.8 26.5 22.4 25.3 26.8 23.2 25.4

Nissan All 32.2 22.0 27.6 33.3 25.0 29.9 33.3 24.6 30.2

Mitsubishi All 29.8 24.2 28.1 30.2 27.1 29.7 31.4 28.3 30.7

Mazda All 32.0 25.4 29.2 31.2 26.6 29.3 31.1 25.4 28.6

Subaru All 28.7 26.4 28.1 28.9 28.4 28.7 30.2 28.3 29.5

BMW BMW 26.1 22.9 25.4 26.4 22.7 25.6 25.9 23.0 25.3

BMW Mini 37.2 - 37.2 39.2 - 39.2 37.9 - 37.9

BMW All 27.2 22.9 26.3 28.4 22.7 27.3 28.9 23.0 27.9

GM Chevrolet 29.9 21.3 24.7 31.0 21.5 25.7 30.8 23.1 26.3

GM Pontiac 28.5 25.3 28.2 29.7 25.3 29.5 - - -

GM GMC - 21.1 21.1 - 21.3 21.3 - 23.5 23.5

GM Buick 25.5 23.4 24.7 30.5 23.8 28.5 26.2 24.3 25.8

GM Cadillac 24.0 19.3 22.4 23.6 19.3 22.4 24.8 23.3 24.2

GM Saturn 29.3 25.3 26.7 31.8 26.1 28.3 - - -

GM All 28.6 21.6 24.4 30.0 21.7 25.6 29.6 23.4 25.9

Ford Ford 28.9 22.0 24.1 31.8 23.2 25.4 31.0 23.0 25.5

Ford Lincoln 25.4 22.1 23.6 25.2 23.7 24.9 26.2 23.0 25.5

Ford Mercury 25.8 24.6 25.3 25.3 27.6 26.2 29.4 25.6 27.8

Ford Volvo 26.0 20.6 24.1 26.7 20.7 25.5 26.9 23.4 25.2

Ford All 27.9 22.1 24.1 29.4 23.4 25.4 29.7 23.1 25.6

Daimler Mercedes-Benz 24.0 20.8 23.0 24.3 20.8 23.3 24.9 21.2 23.7

Daimler Smart 49.5 - 49.5 49.5 - 49.5 49.5 - 49.5

Daimler All 25.3 20.8 24.0 25.6 20.8 24.3 25.6 21.2 24.1

Chrysler Dodge 28.4 22.6 25.6 27.6 23.6 25.9 26.8 23.6 25.1

Chrysler Chrysler 27.0 24.4 26.0 27.6 24.4 25.4 27.9 24.4 26.0

Chrysler Jeep - 22.7 22.7 - 22.6 22.6 - 23.6 23.6

Chrysler Ram - 20.2 20.2 - 19.5 19.5 - 19.7 19.7

Chrysler All 27.8 22.4 24.2 27.6 22.5 23.9 27.1 22.6 23.9

Other All 27.9 20.8 23.9 27.0 20.8 24.4 27.8 20.0 23.1

Fleet 30.5 22.7 26.3 32.1 23.8 28.2 32.7 23.8 28.3

Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Manufacturer and Make for MY2008-2010

Table 28

EPA-420-R-10-023 35 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Manufacturer Make 2008 Cars 2008 Trucks

2008 Cars 

and Trucks 2009 Cars 2009 Trucks

2009 Cars 

and 

Trucks 2010 Cars 2010 Trucks

2010 Cars 

and 

Trucks

Toyota Toyota 30.4 19.0 23.0 29.2 21.0 26.1 30.0 18.9 24.8

Toyota Lexus 22.4 19.5 21.0 22.8 19.1 20.9 23.7 21.4 22.5

Toyota Scion 25.4 - 25.4 25.4 - 25.4 25.8 - 25.8

Toyota All 28.1 19.0 22.8 28.3 20.7 25.4 28.9 19.3 24.5

Hyundai All 26.6 20.4 24.4 26.7 20.6 25.1 26.4 23.3 25.9

Honda Honda 27.7 20.7 24.4 27.9 21.2 25.1 28.8 21.6 26.3

Honda Acura 22.2 17.6 20.1 23.3 17.9 21.0 22.6 18.8 21.1

Honda All 27.1 20.3 23.9 27.3 20.8 24.6 28.1 21.2 25.6

Kia All 26.2 19.4 22.9 27.3 19.9 24.2 27.9 20.3 25.1

VW VW 23.8 16.5 23.3 25.4 20.4 24.8 26.9 20.0 25.9

VW Audi 22.3 16.2 21.0 22.7 18.2 21.7 24.1 19.3 22.9

VW All 23.1 16.3 22.3 24.6 19.5 23.8 25.7 19.6 24.6

Nissan Nissan 26.6 17.8 22.4 26.8 20.0 24.0 26.9 19.7 24.4

Nissan Infiniti 20.1 17.1 19.1 21.3 18.1 20.3 21.5 18.7 20.4

Nissan All 25.3 17.7 21.9 26.1 19.9 23.6 26.2 19.5 23.8

Mitsubishi All 23.5 19.3 22.3 23.8 21.4 23.5 24.7 22.3 24.2

Mazda All 25.2 20.2 23.1 24.7 21.1 23.2 24.6 20.3 22.7

Subaru All 22.7 20.9 22.3 22.8 22.4 22.6 23.8 22.3 23.3

BMW BMW 21.1 18.5 20.5 21.3 18.3 20.6 21.0 18.5 20.4

BMW Mini 29.0 - 29.0 30.3 - 30.3 29.4 - 29.4

BMW All 21.9 18.5 21.2 22.8 18.3 21.9 23.1 18.5 22.3

GM Chevrolet 24.0 17.2 19.8 24.8 17.3 20.7 24.6 18.6 21.1

GM Pontiac 22.9 20.3 22.6 23.6 20.3 23.5 - - -

GM GMC - 17.0 17.0 - 17.2 17.2 - 19.0 19.0

GM Buick 20.7 18.9 20.0 24.3 19.2 22.8 21.3 19.6 20.9

GM Cadillac 19.5 15.9 18.2 19.1 15.8 18.2 20.1 18.7 19.5

GM Saturn 23.4 20.3 21.4 25.4 20.9 22.6 - - -

GM All 23.0 17.4 19.6 24.0 17.5 20.6 23.7 18.8 20.8

Ford Ford 23.1 17.7 19.3 25.2 18.6 20.3 24.6 18.4 20.4

Ford Lincoln 20.6 17.8 19.1 20.3 19.1 20.1 21.1 18.5 20.5

Ford Mercury 20.9 19.6 20.3 20.4 21.9 21.1 23.4 20.4 22.1

Ford Volvo 21.0 16.7 19.5 21.5 16.8 20.6 21.6 18.8 20.3

Ford All 22.4 17.7 19.3 23.5 18.7 20.3 23.7 18.5 20.5

Daimler Mercedes-Benz 19.3 16.6 18.6 19.6 16.7 18.8 20.1 17.0 19.1

Daimler Smart 37.1 - 37.1 37.1 - 37.1 37.1 - 37.1

Daimler All 20.3 16.6 19.3 20.6 16.7 19.5 20.6 17.0 19.4

Chrysler Dodge 22.6 18.2 20.5 22.0 19.0 20.7 21.5 19.0 20.2

Chrysler Chrysler 21.6 19.7 20.9 22.0 19.6 20.4 22.3 19.7 20.9

Chrysler Jeep - 18.1 18.1 - 18.0 18.0 - 18.8 18.8

Chrysler Ram - 16.2 16.2 - 15.8 15.8 - 15.9 15.9

Chrysler All 22.2 18.0 19.3 22.0 18.1 19.2 21.7 18.2 19.2

Other All 22.3 16.8 19.2 21.6 16.9 19.6 22.2 16.2 18.7

Fleet 24.3 18.2 21.0 25.4 19.0 22.4 25.8 19.1 22.5

Table 29

Adjusted Composite Fuel Economy by Manufacturer and Make for MY2008-2010

EPA-420-R-10-023 36 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Manufacturer 2008 Cars 2008 Trucks

2008 Cars and 

Trucks

2008 

Percent 

Trucks 2009 Cars 2009 Trucks

2009 Cars 

and 

Trucks

2009 

Percent 

Trucks 2010 Cars

2010 

Trucks

2010 Cars 

and 

Trucks

2010 

Percent 

Trucks

GM 46.3 56.7 51.8 53.1% 46.6 59.1 52.1 44.6% 46.7 57.4 52.4 53.2%

Toyota 44.1 52.8 48.3 48.3% 44.3 51.0 46.4 30.6% 44.3 54.5 47.9 36.0%

Honda 44.7 48.4 46.2 40.5% 44.6 48.3 45.9 34.7% 44.3 48.5 45.5 29.3%

Ford 46.7 53.7 50.9 59.9% 45.7 54.3 50.9 60.6% 46.1 56.2 51.7 55.9%

Nissan 45.4 53.7 48.4 36.2% 45.0 50.3 46.8 33.7% 44.8 50.8 46.6 29.3%

Chrysler 47.7 51.8 50.3 62.5% 48.1 52.1 50.9 69.6% 49.6 53.5 52.2 67.3%

Hyundai 44.2 47.0 45.0 29.4% 45.0 46.8 45.4 22.1% 45.5 47.0 45.8 14.4%

VW 43.6 52.6 44.3 8.2% 43.4 48.5 44.0 12.7% 43.6 48.1 44.2 14.1%

Kia 45.1 49.3 46.8 41.6% 44.6 49.2 46.2 34.5% 44.4 51.0 46.3 29.7%

BMW 45.4 50.0 46.2 17.4% 44.3 51.2 45.4 16.4% 44.2 50.6 45.1 14.8%

Subaru 44.4 44.5 44.4 24.8% 44.4 43.4 43.9 47.6% 44.8 43.4 44.3 35.6%

Daimler 48.1 52.5 49.1 23.9% 47.7 52.2 48.7 22.8% 47.8 50.7 48.7 29.6%

Mazda 44.0 47.5 45.3 36.8% 45.0 47.2 45.8 36.6% 45.3 48.6 46.6 39.2%

Mitsubishi 43.9 45.8 44.4 25.9% 44.5 44.2 44.5 13.3% 44.1 44.5 44.2 20.3%

Other 41.9 48.0 44.9 48.8% 42.9 49.1 45.2 36.5% 43.4 48.3 46.1 51.3%

All 45.4 53.0 49.0 47.3% 45.2 52.7 48.2 39.8% 45.2 54.0 48.8 41.1%

Footprint (sq ft) by Manufacturer for MY2008-2010

Table 30

EPA-420-R-10-023 37 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Vehicle Type/Size GM Toyota Honda Ford Nissan Chrysler Hyundai VW Kia BMW Subaru Daimler Mazda Mitsubishi All

Cars

Small 25.6 30.0 29.4 26.3 23.1 19.1 30.2 24.5 30.5 23.5 23.0 21.4 25.5 24.0 26.4

Midsize 23.8 27.6 21.5 21.5 26.5 25.0 28.5 22.1 27.1 21.1 - 19.9 23.7 23.4 25.6

Large 21.6 23.7 25.1 20.4 19.4 20.7 25.1 19.0 20.2 17.6 - 16.7 - - 22.8

All Sizes 23.8 28.6 27.0 23.5 26.0 22.1 26.7 24.3 28.0 22.8 23.0 20.7 24.7 23.8 25.4

Wagons

Small 25.6 25.7 30.6 23.4 28.7 21.8 26.9 27.5 - 21.6 22.8 - - - 26.2

Midsize - - - 18.9 - - - 22.8 23.0 20.1 22.7 18.4 - - 22.3

Large - - - - - - - - - - - 17.2 - - 17.2

All Sizes 25.6 25.7 30.6 19.8 28.7 21.8 26.9 27.0 23.0 21.2 22.7 17.4 - - 25.5

All Cars

Small 25.6 29.2 29.7 26.2 24.5 20.1 29.8 24.8 30.5 23.5 22.9 21.4 25.5 24.0 26.4

Midsize 23.8 27.6 21.5 21.3 26.5 25.0 28.5 22.2 26.4 21.1 22.7 19.8 23.7 23.4 25.5

Large 21.6 23.7 25.1 20.4 19.4 20.7 25.1 19.0 20.2 17.6 - 16.8 - - 22.8

All Sizes 24.0 28.3 27.3 23.5 26.1 22.0 26.7 24.6 27.3 22.8 22.8 20.6 24.7 23.8 25.4

Vans

Small - - - - - - - - - - - - 23.8 - 23.8

Midsize - 20.8 20.4 19.6 19.7 19.8 - - 19.2 - - - - - 20.1

Large 16.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16.0

All Sizes 16.0 20.8 20.4 19.6 19.7 19.8 - - 19.2 - - - 23.8 - 20.1

SUVs

Small - - - - - 16.6 - - - - - - - - 16.6

Midsize 21.6 21.8 21.0 22.1 22.7 18.7 20.7 21.2 20.6 - 22.4 - 20.6 21.7 21.2

Large 18.2 15.1 - 17.9 19.5 19.1 18.9 18.0 18.7 18.3 - 16.7 18.2 - 18.3

All Sizes 18.4 21.6 21.0 20.6 20.6 18.3 20.6 19.5 20.1 18.3 22.4 16.7 19.5 21.7 19.9

Pickups

Midsize 19.8 19.3 - 19.9 - - - - - - - - 23.4 - 19.5

Large 16.6 15.6 17.6 16.3 16.4 15.8 - - - - - - 15.1 16.3 16.4

All Sizes 16.8 18.7 17.6 16.8 16.4 15.8 - - - - - - 22.3 16.3 16.9

All Trucks

Small - - - - - 16.6 - - - - - - 23.8 - 18.1

Midsize 21.0 21.1 20.9 21.6 22.4 19.3 20.7 21.2 20.2 - 22.4 - 20.7 21.7 20.8

Large 17.3 15.5 17.6 16.8 18.7 17.1 18.9 18.0 18.7 18.3 - 16.7 18.2 16.3 17.3

All Sizes 17.5 20.7 20.8 18.7 19.9 18.1 20.6 19.5 19.9 18.3 22.4 16.7 21.1 21.4 19.0

Fleet

All Sizes 20.6 25.4 24.6 20.3 23.6 19.2 25.1 23.8 24.2 21.9 22.6 19.5 23.2 23.5 22.4

Table 31

MY2009 Adjusted Composite Fuel Economy by Vehicle Type and Size for Largest Manufacturers

EPA-420-R-10-023 38 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Vehicle Type/Size GM Toyota Honda Ford Nissan Chrysler Hyundai VW Kia BMW Subaru Daimler Mazda Mitsubishi All

Cars

Small 24.4 29.7 30.7 24.5 22.9 20.1 26.6 25.6 29.5 24.7 22.6 21.2 25.9 24.7 26.7

Midsize 23.5 29.0 21.3 24.5 26.8 25.1 30.0 22.2 25.7 20.7 24.7 20.7 23.7 25.4 26.1

Large 22.0 23.7 25.2 20.6 19.5 20.6 24.4 19.2 - 17.8 - 18.3 - - 22.7

All Sizes 23.5 29.2 27.7 23.8 26.0 21.7 26.4 25.3 28.7 23.2 23.7 20.8 24.6 24.9 25.8

Wagons

Small 25.5 25.6 30.6 23.4 28.8 21.7 26.9 29.8 27.2 21.6 21.8 - - 23.5 26.8

Midsize - - - 19.2 - - - 24.9 22.3 20.0 24.4 - - - 22.6

Large - - - - - - - - - - - 16.8 - - 16.8

All Sizes 25.5 25.6 30.6 19.6 28.8 21.7 26.9 29.1 25.5 20.6 23.9 16.8 - 23.5 25.9

All Cars

Small 24.7 29.0 30.7 24.5 24.3 20.5 26.7 26.0 29.0 24.7 22.3 21.2 25.9 24.6 26.7

Midsize 23.5 29.0 21.3 24.1 26.8 25.1 30.0 22.7 24.5 20.7 24.5 20.7 23.7 25.4 26.0

Large 22.0 23.7 25.2 20.6 19.5 20.6 24.4 19.2 - 17.8 - 17.8 - - 22.6

All Sizes 23.7 28.9 28.1 23.7 26.2 21.7 26.4 25.7 27.9 23.1 23.8 20.6 24.6 24.7 25.8

Vans

Small - - - - - - - - - - - - 24.1 - 24.1

Midsize - 20.8 20.4 23.5 - 19.7 - - 19.8 - - - - - 20.2

Large 16.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16.0

All Sizes 16.0 20.8 20.4 23.5 - 19.7 - - 19.8 - - - 24.1 - 20.1

SUVs

Small - - - - - 17.1 - - - - - - - - 17.1

Midsize 22.1 22.2 21.8 22.0 22.1 19.5 24.0 21.2 21.5 - 22.3 18.5 21.4 22.3 21.6

Large 19.8 15.6 - 17.9 18.9 19.9 19.5 18.8 18.7 18.5 - 16.4 18.3 - 18.7

All Sizes 19.9 21.0 21.8 20.1 20.4 18.9 23.3 19.6 20.7 18.5 22.3 17.0 20.0 22.3 20.2

Pickups

Midsize 21.1 19.5 - 21.9 - - - - - - - - - - 19.9

Large 17.4 15.8 17.6 16.6 16.5 16.1 - - - - - - - - 16.6

All Sizes 17.5 16.9 17.6 16.8 16.5 16.1 - - - - - - - - 16.9

All Trucks

Small - - - - - 17.1 - - - - - - 24.1 - 17.8

Midsize 21.9 21.5 21.5 22.1 22.1 19.6 24.0 21.2 20.5 - 22.3 18.5 21.4 22.3 21.2

Large 18.7 15.7 17.6 17.0 18.0 16.7 19.5 18.8 18.7 18.5 - 16.4 18.3 - 17.5

All Sizes 18.8 19.3 21.2 18.5 19.5 18.2 23.3 19.6 20.3 18.5 22.3 17.0 20.3 22.3 19.1

Fleet

All Sizes 20.8 24.5 25.6 20.5 23.8 19.2 25.9 24.6 25.1 22.3 23.3 19.4 22.7 24.2 22.5

Table 32

MY2010 Adjusted Composite Fuel Economy by Vehicle Type and Size for Largest Manufacturers

EPA-420-R-10-023 39 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Category Vehicle Characteristics

Actual

Data

Best 4 

Nameplates in 

Size Class

Best 12 

Vehicles in 

Size Class

Best 12 

Vehicles in 

Weight 

Class

Fuel Economy Lab. 55/45 32.7 42.8 39.4 38.8

Adjusted City 21.7 29.4 26.5 26.0

Adjusted Highway 30.1 35.2 34.0 34.0

Adjusted Composite 25.8 32.4 30.4 30.0

Vehicle Size Weight (lb.) 3499 3407 3233 3499

Volume (Cu. Ft.) 110 109 109 106

CID 159 125 124 129

HP 192 148 145 162

HP/CID 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.26

HP/WT 0.054 0.043 0.044 0.046

Percent Multivalve 93% 88% 92% 93%

Percent Variable Valve 92% 98% 94% 81%

Percent Diesel 0.5% 1.6% 5.5% 14.2%

Performance 0-60 Time (Sec.) 9.5 9.9 10.3 9.9

Top Speed 136 122 122 125

Ton-MPG 46.1 57.7 50.3 53.7

Cu. Ft. MPG 2947 3698 3394 3282

Cu. Ft. Ton-MPG 5100 6339 5502 5701

Drive Front 80% 95% 95% 84%

Rear 14% 5% 4% 6%

4WD 6% 1% 1% 10%

Transmission Manual 10% 10% 37% 28%

Lockup 76% 42% 36% 32%

CVT 14% 48% 24% 37%

Hybrid Vehicle 6.1% 46.4% 20.6% 18.9%

Best in Class Results 2010 Cars

Table 33

EPA-420-R-10-023 40 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Category Vehicle Characteristics

Actual

Data

Best 4 

Nameplates in 

Size Class

Best 12 

Vehicles in 

Size Class

Best 12 

Vehicles in 

Weight 

Class

Fuel Economy Lab. 55/45 32.7 42.8 39.4 38.8

Adjusted City 21.7 29.4 26.5 26.0

Adjusted Highway 30.1 35.2 34.0 34.0

Adjusted Composite 25.8 32.4 30.4 30.0

Vehicle Size Weight (lb.) 3499 3407 3233 3499

Volume (Cu. Ft.) 110 109 109 106

CID 159 125 124 129

HP 192 148 145 162

HP/CID 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.26

HP/WT 0.054 0.043 0.044 0.046

Percent Multivalve 93% 88% 92% 93%

Percent Variable Valve 92% 98% 94% 81%

Percent Diesel 0.5% 1.6% 5.5% 14.2%

Performance 0-60 Time (Sec.) 9.5 9.9 10.3 9.9

Top Speed 136 122 122 125

Ton-MPG 46.1 57.7 50.3 53.7

Cu. Ft. MPG 2947 3698 3394 3282

Cu. Ft. Ton-MPG 5100 6339 5502 5701

Drive Front 80% 95% 95% 84%

Rear 14% 5% 4% 6%

4WD 6% 1% 1% 10%

Transmission Manual 10% 10% 37% 28%

Lockup 76% 42% 36% 32%

CVT 14% 48% 24% 37%

Hybrid Vehicle 6.1% 46.4% 20.6% 18.9%

Table 34

Best in Class Results 2010 Trucks

EPA-420-R-10-023 41 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Category Vehicle Characteristics

Actual

Data

Best 4 

Nameplates in 

Size Class

Best 12 

Vehicles in 

Size Class

Best 12 

Vehicles in 

Weight 

Class

Fuel Economy Lab. 55/45 28.3 37.2 34.6 33.0

Adjusted City 19.0 26.1 23.7 22.3

Adjusted Highway 26.1 30.3 29.9 29.2

Adjusted Composite 22.5 28.3 26.9 25.8

Vehicle Size Weight (lb.) 4009 3941 3684 4009

CID 191 163 152 162

HP 220 182 173 196

HP/CID 1.17 1.15 1.15 1.23

HP/WT 0.054 0.045 0.046 0.048

Percent Multivalve 86% 83% 90% 91%

Percent Variable Valve 86% 97% 93% 84%

Percent Diesel 0.4% 0.9% 5.8% 10.7%

Performance 0-60 Time (Sec.) 9.5 9.4 9.9 9.6

Top Speed 139 127 127 131

Ton-MPG 45.8 57.7 50.4 52.6

Drive Front 59% 70% 73% 64%

Rear 17% 14% 13% 9%

4WD 24% 16% 14% 27%

Transmission Manual 7% 7% 32% 19%

Lockup 83% 38% 39% 50%

CVT 10% 51% 26% 29%

Hybrid Vehicle 4.3% 53.0% 23.6% 17.9%

Table 35

Best in Class Results 2010 Light Duty Vehicles

EPA-420-R-10-023 42 November 2010
 2010 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and

Fuel Economy Trends Report

Main Report Tables

Vehicle Weight

Interior

Volume CID HP

0-to-60 

Time

Lab 55/45

MPG

Calculated From:

2010 Actual Distribution 3493 110 162 197 9.5 31.7

1981 Weight Distribution 3043 98 133 173 9.6 34.0

1988 Weight Distribution 3053 103 127 156 10.2 35.5

1981 Size Distribution 3482 108 161 198 9.5 31.7

1988 Size Distribution 3449 108 160 194 9.6 32.0

Reference: 1981 Actual 3043 106 178 99 14.1 24.9

Reference: 1988 Actual 3047 107 160 116 12.8 28.6

Percent Change:

1981 Weight Distribution -13% -11% -18% -12% 1% 7%

1988 Weight Distribution -13% -6% -21% -21% 8% 12%

1981 Size Distribution 0% -2% -1% 0% 0% 0%

1988 Size Distribution -1% -2% -2% -1% 0% 1%

Reference: 1981 Actual -13% -4% 9% -49% 48% -22%

Reference: 1988 Actual -13% -3% -1% -41% 34% -10%

Vehicle Weight CID HP

0-to-60 

Time

Lab 55/45

MPG

Calculated From:

2010 Actual Distribution 4734 237 260 9.4 23.7

1981 Weight Distribution 4185 192 223 9.7 26.2

1988 Weight Distribution 4083 188 216 9.7 26.7

1981 Size Distribution 5060 277 276 9.5 21.7

1988 Size Distribution 4551 232 235 10.0 23.6

Reference: 1981 Actual 3841 252 121 14.4 19.7

Reference: 1988 Actual 3838 227 141 12.9 21.2

Percent Change:

1981 Weight Distribution -12% -19% -14% 2% 11%

1988 Weight Distribution -14% -21% -17% 3% 13%

1981 Size Distribution 7% 17% 6% 1% -8%

1988 Size Distribution -4% -2% -10% 5% 0%

Reference: 1981 Actual -19% 6% -53% 52% -17%

Reference: 1988 Actual -19% -4% -46% 37% -10%

Table 37

Table 36

Characteristics of 2010 Cars

Characteristics of 2010 Trucks

EPA-420-R-10-023 43 November 2010