NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 98

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

Volume 98

BOREAS Level-3p Landsat TM Imagery:

Geocoded and Scaled At-sensor Radiance

Jaime Nickeson, David Knapp, and Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Raytheon ITSS,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Josef Cihlar, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

September 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010023541 2018-05-15T06:50:00+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 98

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

Volume 98

BOREAS Level-3p Landsat TM Imagery:

Geocoded and Scaled At-sensor Radiance

Jaime Nickeson, David Knapp, and Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Raytheon ITSS,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Josef Cihlar, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

September 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS Level-3p Landsat TM Imagery: Geocoded and Scaled At-sensor

Radiance

Jaime Nickeson, David Knapp, Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Josef Cihlar

Summary

For BOREAS, the level-3p Landsat TM data were used to supplement the level-3s Landsat TM

products. Along with the other remotely sensed images, the Landsat TM images were collected in

order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information

includes radiant energy, detailed land cover, and biophysical parameter maps such as FPAR and LAI.

Although very similar to the level-3s Landsat TM products, the level-3p images were processed with

ground control information, which improved the accuracy of the geographic coordinates provided.

Geographically, the level-3p images cover the BOREAS NSA and SSA. Temporally, the four images

cover the period of 20-Aug- 1988 to 07-Jun- 1994. Except for the 07-Jun- 1994 image, which contains

seven bands, the other three contain only three bands.

Note that the level-3p Landsat TM data are not contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set. An

inventory listing file is supplied on the CD-ROM to inform users of the data that were collected. See

Sections 15 and 16 for information about how to acquire the data.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS Level-3p Landsat TM Imagery: Geocoded and Scaled At-sensor Radiance

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Staff Science effort covered those activities

that were BOREAS community-level activities, or required uniform data collection procedures across

sites and time. These activities included the acquisition of the relevant satellite data. Data from the

Page 1
LandsatThematicMapper(TM) instrumentsontheLandsatsatelliteswereacquiredby theCanada

Centrefor RemoteSensing(CCRS)andprovidedfor useby BOREASresearchers.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

ForBOREAS,theLandsatTM imagery,alongwith theotherremotelysensedimages,was

collectedin orderto providespatiallyextensiveinformationovertheprimarystudyareas.This

informationincludesdetailedlandcoverandbiophysicalparametermapssuchasbiomass,Fractionof

PhotosyntheticallyActive Radiation(FPAR),andLeafAreaIndex(LAI).

1.4 Summary of Parameters

Landsat TM level-3p data in the BORIS contains the following parameters:

Original image header information, image coordinates, gains and offsets for each band for at-sensor

radiance derivations, image bands 3-5 or 1-7 processed in a precision geocorrected form.

1.5 Discussion

Use and distribution of the level-3p Landsat TM images are subject to copyright restrictions.

CCRS and Radarsat International (RSI) granted permission to BOREAS to place a subset of the

level-3a Landsat TM images on the BOREAS CD-ROM series; however, none of the level-3p images

are included. The level-3p images may not be available for public access. Please see Sections 15 and

16 for further details.

BORIS staff processed the Landsat TM level-3p imagery by:

• Extracting pertinent header information from the level-3p image product and placing it in an

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) file on disk.

• Reading the information in the ASCII disk file and loading the online data base with pertinent

information.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS Level-3a Landsat TM Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in BSQ Format

BOREAS Level-3b Landsat TM Imagery: At-sensor Radiance in BSQ Format

BOREAS Level-3s Landsat TM Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in LGSOWG Format

BOREAS Level-3s SPOT Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in LGSOWG Format

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

BOREAS Staff Science

2.2 Title of Investigation

BOREAS Staff Science Satellite Data Acquisition Program

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Josef Cihlar

Canada Centre for Remote Sensing

588 Booth Street, 4th Floor

Ottawa, Ontario

K1AOY7 Canada

(613) 947-1265

Josef.Cihlar@geocan.emr.ca

Page 2
Contact 2:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-785

(301) 286-0239

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

The Landsat series of satellites began with the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) launched

in July 1972. This satellite was renamed Landsat 1 in 1975 to reflect its primary use as a land resource

observatory. Through its onboard instruments, Landsat monitors Earth's mountain ranges, deserts,

forests, and crops by measuring the light waves they reflect.

The second generation of Landsat satellites (4 and 5) marked a significant advance in remote

sensing through the addition of the more sophisticated TM sensor, with higher spectral and spatial

resolution, and faster data processing at a highly automated data processing facility at the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt,

MD. For BOREAS, the CCRS receiving station in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, collected the raw

data. Processing of the raw data to the level-3p images was performed with the Geocoded Image

Correction System (GICS; Friedel, 1992) at the CCRS facility in Ottawa.

As Landsat's instrument mirrors scan Earth's surface, light enters the instrument optics, where it is

focused on specially calibrated detector arrays. Onboard electronics encode the detector voltage as

binary digits or bits. These digital image data are then relayed back to Earth to be processed into film

and Computer-Compatible Tape (CCT) products, which are subsequently used for Earth resources

analysis.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

The TM sensor system records radiation from seven bands in the electromagnetic spectrum. It has

a telescope that directs the incoming radiant flux obtained along a scan line through a scan line collector

to the visible and near-infrared focal plane, or to the mid-infrared and thermal-infrared cooled focal

plane. The detectors for the visible and near-infrared bands (1 to 4) are four staggered linear arrays,

each containing 16 silicon detectors. The two mid-infrared detectors are 16 indium-antimonide cells in

a staggered linear array, and the thermal-infrared detector is a four-element array of

mercury-cadmium-telluride cells. The spectral regions, band widths, and primary use of each channel

are given in the following table:

Channel Wavelength (_m) Primary Use

1 0.451

2 0.526

3 0 .622

4 0.771

5 1.564

- 0

- 0

- 0

- 0

- 1

521 Coastal water mapping, soil vegetation

differentiation, deciduous/coniferous

differentiation.

615 Green reflectance by healthy vegetation.

699 Chlorophyll absorption for plant species

differentiation.

905 Biomass surveys, water body delineation.

790 Vegetation moisture measurement, snow and

differentiation.

cloud

Page 3
6 10.450 - 12.460 Plant heat stress measurement,

mapping.

7 2.083 - 2.351 Hydrothermal mapping.

other thermal

4.1.1 Collection Environment

The BOREAS Landsat TM level-3p images were acquired through the CCRS. Radiometric

corrections and systematic geometric corrections are applied to produce the images in a path-oriented

and precision-corrected (level-3p) form. A full TM image contains 6,920 pixels in each of 5,728 lines.

Before any geometric corrections, the ground resolution is 30 m for bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 and 120

m for band 6 at nadir. The pixel values of the images can range from 0 to 255. This allows each pixel

to be stored in a single-byte field. The level-3p images were processed through the CCRS GICS. The

Landsat satellite orbits Earth at an altitude of 705 kin.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Although the majority of the BOREAS Landsat TM imagery was acquired by the instrument

onboard Landsat 5, some imagery was obtained with the TM sensor on the Landsat 4 platform.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The Landsat TM is designed to respond to and measure both reflected and emitted Earth surface

radiation to enable the investigation, survey, inventory, and mapping of Earth's natural resources.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Reflected radiation, emitted radiation, temperature.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The TM is a scanning optical sensor operating in the visible and infrared wavelengths. It contains a

scan mirror assembly that directly projects the reflected Earth radiation onto detectors arrayed in two

focal planes. The TM achieves better image resolution, sharper color separation, and greater in-flight

geometric and radiometric accuracy for seven spectral bands simultaneously than the previous

generation sensor, the MultiSpectral Scanner (MSS). Data collected by the sensor are beamed back to

ground receiving stations for processing.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

The TM sensor depends on the forward motion of the spacecraft for the along-track scan and uses

moving mirror assembly to scan in the cross-track direction (perpendicular to the spacecraft). The

instantaneous field-of-view (IFOV) for each detector from bands 1-5 and band 7 is equivalent to a

30-m square when projected to the ground at nadir; band 6 (the thermal-infrared band) has an IFOV

equivalent to a 120-m square at nadir.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

Hughes Santa Barbara Remote Sensing (SBRS)

Goleta, CA

4.2 Calibration

The internal calibrator, a flex-pivot-mounted shutter assembly, is synchronized with the scan

mirror, oscillating at the same 7-Hz frequency. During the turnaround period of the scan mirror, the

shutter introduces the calibration source energy and a black direct-current restoration surface into the

100-detector field-of-view (FOV).

The calibration signals for bands 1-5 and 7 are derived from three regulated tungsten-filament

lamps. The calibration source for band 6 is a blackbody with three temperature selections, commanded

Page 4
from theground.Themethodfortransmittingradiationto themovingcalibrationshutterallowsthe

tungstenlampstoprovideradiationindependentlyandto contributeproportionatelyto theillumination

of all detectors.

4.2.1 Specifications

Radiometric

Band Sensitivity [NE(dP)]*

0 8%

0 5%

0 5%

5%

O%

5 K

4%

[NE (dT)]

Ground IFOV 30 m (Bands 1-5, 7)

120 m (Band 6)

Avg. altitude 699.6 km

Data rate 85 Mbps

Quantization levels 256

Orbit angle 8.15 degrees

Orbital nodal period 98.88 minutes

Scan width 185 km

Scan angle 14.9 degrees

Image overlap 7.6%

Note: The radiometric sensitivities are the noise-equivalent (NE) reflectance differences for the

reflective channels expressed as percentages [NE(dP)] and temperature differences for the

thermal-infrared bands [NE(dT)] in Kelvins.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

The TM channels were designed for a NE differential represented by the radiometric sensitivity

shown in Section 4.2.1.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

The absolute radiometric calibration between bands on the TM sensor is maintained by using

internal calibrators located between the telescope and the detectors that are sampled at the end of a scan.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

Relative within-band radiometric calibration, to reduce "striping," is provided by a scene-based

procedure called histogram equalization. Because of the absolute accuracy and relative precision of this

calibration scheme, it is assumed that any changes in the optics of the primary telescope or the

"effective radiance" from the internal calibrator lamps are insignificant in comparison to the changes in

detector sensitivity and electronic gain and bias with time and that the scene-dependent sampling is

sufficiently precise for the required within-scan destriping from histogram equalization.

Each TM reflective band and the internal calibrator lamps were calibrated prior to launch using

lamps in integrating spheres that were in turn calibrated against lamps traceable to calibrated National

Bureau of Standards lamps. The absolute radiometric calibration constants in the "short-term" and

"long-term" parameter files used for ground processing were modified after launch if there was an

inconsistency within or between bands, a change in the inherent dynamic range of the sensors, or a

desire to make quantized and calibrated values from one sensor match those from another.

Page 5
5. Data Acquisition Methods

The BOREAS Landsat TM level-3s and -3p images were acquired through the CCRS. Radiometric

corrections and systematic or precision geometric corrections are applied to produce the images in a

path-oriented form. A full TM image contains 6,920 pixels in each of 5,728 lines (see Section 11.2).

Before any geometric corrections, the ground resolution is 30 m for bands 1-5 and 7 and 120 m for

band 6 at nadir. The pixel values of the images can range from 0 to 255. This allows each pixel to be

stored in a single-byte field.

6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

Not applicable.

6. Observations

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The BOREAS level-3p Landsat TM images cover the Southern Study Area (SSA) and the Northern

Study Area (NSA). The SSA and the NSA are located in the southwest and northeast portions of the

overall region. A full TM scene covers approximately 31,000 square kilometers.

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) comer coordinates of the SSA are:

Latitude Longitude

Northwest 54.321 N 106.228 W

Northeast 54.225 N 104.237 W

Southwest 53.515 N 106.321 W

Southeast 53.420 N 104.368 W

The NAD83 corner coordinates of the NSA are:

Latitude Longitude

Northwest 56.249 N 98.825 W

Northeast 56.083 N 97.234 W

Southwest 55.542 N 99.045 W

Southeast 55.379 N 97.489 W

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

Page 6
7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Beforeanygeometriccorrections,thespatialresolutionis 30m for bands1-5and7 and120m for

band6 atnadir.Thesevaluesincreasewith scanangleawayfrom thenadirpath.Thelevel-3pLandsat

TM imageshavehadgeometriccorrectionsappliedsothatthespatialresolutionfor all pixelsis 30m in

all bands.Theselevel-3pimageshaveahighlevelof internalspatialintegrity and have had ground

control added to improve the accuracy of the geographic coordinates provided on the tape. The

accuracy of these geographic coordinates is unknown at the time of writing this document.

7.1.4 Projection

The level-3p Landsat TM images are placed in a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection

based on NAD83. Detailed projection parameter information for the individual images is contained in

the leader file(s).

7.1.5 Grid Description

The pixel/grid spacing for each pixel in the level-3p Landsat TM images is 30 m in the UTM

projection. Detailed grid parameter information for the individual images is contained in the leader

file(s).

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Imagery acquired before the BOREAS field campaigns were conducted is included in the BOREAS

archive with imagery collected during the project. Historical Landsat data have been acquired by CCRS

routinely since the launch of Landsat 1 and are kept in the CCRS archive.

Since the mid-1980s, CCRS has been acquiring and archiving all Landsat data over Canada during

the growing season; however, during the winter, only requested data were obtained. For BOREAS,

this policy was modified to obtain data throughout the year over the BOREAS region. The acquired

data are archived by CCRS and can be interrogated to ascertain which scenes were archived and their

characteristics. The BOREAS level-3p Landsat TM acquisitions cover 20-Aug-1988 to 07-Jun-1994.

There are a limited number of level-3p TM images in BORIS. A few level-3p three-band scenes

were ordered specifically to compare precision coordinate information in the header with coordinates

derived from the enhanced geographic information BORIS is providing with the level-3a TM product.

One seven-band level-3p TM scene is archived in BORIS, only because the level-3s was not available.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

The following table lists the available level-3p Landsat TM images:

Date Study Area

20-Aug-1988 NSA

14-Aug-1989 NSA

09-Aug-1991 SSA

07-Jui-1994 SSA

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The Landsat TM satellite revisit frequency is 16 days for each path/row; however, in the BOREAS

region the overlap between scene paths is about 50%.

7.3 Data Characteristics

Page 7
7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The main parameter contained in the image data files is scaled at-sensor radiance.The parameters

contained in the inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

NUM BANDS

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

PATH NUM

ROW NUM

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

CRTFCN CODE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

For the image data files:

Scaled at-sensor radiance - The scaled value representing the quantized DN derived

by the TM scanning systemradiant energy

incident on the sensor aperture at the time of data

collection in the specific TM wavelength regions.

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

The general term used to denote the spatial area

over which the data were collected.

The date on which the data were collected.

The starting Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for the

data collected.

The ending Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for the

data collected.

The object (e.g., satellite, aircraft, tower,

person) that supported the instrument.

The name of the device used to make the

measurements.

Page 8
NUM BAND S

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

PATH NUM

ROW NUM

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

CRTFCN CODE

The number of spectral bands in the data.

The data analyst's assessment of the quality of

the spectral bands in the data.

The data analyst's assessment of the cloud cover

that exists in the data.

For Landsat and SPOT, the sequential number

given to the orbital paths trending from northeast

to southwest and extending around the earth.

For Landsat and SPOT, the sequential number

given to the nominal scene acquisition points

along the orbital paths which trend from

northeast to southwest.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the northwest corner of the minimum bounding rectangle

for the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

northwest corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the north

east corner of the minimum bounding rectangle for

the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

north east corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the south

west corner of the minimum bounding rectangle for

the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

southwest corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the south

east corner of the minimum bounding rectangle for

the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

southeast corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The nominal altitude of the data collection plat

form above the target.

The minimum angle from the surface normal

(straight up) to the sun during the data

collection.

The maximum angle from the surface normal

(straight up) to the sun during the data

collection.

The minimum azimuthal direction of the sun

during data collection expressed in clockwise

increments from North.

The maximum azimuthal direction of the sun

during data collection expressed in clockwise

increments from North.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

Page 9
7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The units for the scaled at-sensor radiance values vary by band. To obtain at-sensor radiance values

in Watts/(m2 * sr */am) use the formula:

At-sensor Radiance = Scaled Value * Gain + Offset

where the Gain and Offset values are contained in the ASCII header file.The measurement units for the

parameters contained in the inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SPATIAL COVERAGE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

START TIME [HHMM GMT]

END TIME [HHMM GMT]

PLATFORM [none]

INSTRUMENT [none]

NUM BANDS [counts]

BAND QUALITY [none]

CLOUD COVER [none]

PATH NUM [unitless]

ROW NUM [unitless]

NW LATITUDE [degrees]

NW LONGITUDE [degrees]

NE LATITUDE [degrees]

NE LONGITUDE [degrees]

SW LATITUDE [degrees]

SW LONGITUDE [degrees]

SE LATITUDE [degrees]

SE LONGITUDE [degrees]

PLATFORM ALTITUDE [meters]

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG [degrees]

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG [degrees]

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG [degrees]

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG [degrees]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

7.3.4 Data Source

The data contained in the level-3p Landsat TM data files come from various portions of the Landsat

satellite, the TM instrument, and the ground processing components. The level-3p Landsat TM images

were supplied to BOREAS by the CCRS. The sources of the parameter values contained in the

inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

[Determined by BORIS software from latitude and

longitude information contained on the level-3s

data files.]

[Determined by BORIS software from data and time

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Determined by BORIS software from data and time

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Determined by BORIS software from data and time

Page 10
PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

NUM BANDS

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

PATH NUM

ROW NUM

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

CRTFCN CODE

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Determined by BORIS software from platform

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Constant software value]

[Determined by BORIS software from processing of

the data files.]

[Assessed by BORIS personnel from viewing the

image.]

[Assessed by BORIS personnel from viewing the

image.]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from platform

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Assigned by BORIS based on processing.]

Page 11
7.3.5 Data Range

The maximum range of scaled at-sensor radiance values in each level-3p Landsat TM image band is

limited from 0 (zero) to 255 so that the values can be stored in a single 8-bit (1-byte) field. The

following table gives information about the parameter values found in the inventory table on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SPATIAL COVERAGE N/A N/A None None None None

DATE OBS 20-AUG-88 07-JUN-94 None None None None

START TIME 1703 1721 None None None None

END TIME 1703 1721 None None None None

PLATFORM LANDSAT-5 LANDSAT-5 None None None None

INSTRUMENT THEMATIC THEMATIC None None None None

MAPPER MAPPER

NUM BANDS 3 7 None None None None

BAND QUALITY N/A N/A None None None None

CLOUD COVER N/A N/A None None None None

PATH NUM 33 37 None None None None

ROW NUM 21 22 None None None None

NW LATITUDE 54.76512 56.85902 None None None None

NW LONGITUDE -106.14753 -99.00933 None None None None

NE LATITUDE 54.35433 56.42659 None None None None

NE LONGITUDE -103.34489 -96.08501 None None None None

SW LATITUDE 53.2722 55.37101 None None None None

SW LONGITUDE -106.83398 -99.75359 None None None None

SE LATITUDE 52.87873 54.95749 None None None None

SE LONGITUDE -104.124 -96.93001 None None None None

PLATFORM ALTITUDE 705300 705300 None None None None

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG 36.1 46.4 None None None None

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG 36.1 46.4 None None None None

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG 139.3 149.8 None None None None

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG 139.3 149.8 None None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

Page 12
not identical data sets into the same data

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

base table

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

A sample data record for the level-3p Landsat TM images is not available here. The following are

wrapped versions of the records in the level-3p Landsat TM inventory table on the CD-ROM:

SPATIAL COVERAGE,DATE OBS,START TIME,END TIME,PLATFORM, INSTRUMENT,NUM BANDS,

BAND QUALITY,CLOUD COVER, PATH NUM, ROW NUM, NW LATITUDE,NW LONGITUDE,NE LATITUDE,

NE LONGITUDE,SW LATITUDE,SW LONGITUDE,SE LATITUDE,SE LONGITUDE,PLATFORM ALTITUDE,

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG,MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG,MIN SOLAR AZ ANG,MAX SOLAR AZ ANG,CRTFCN CODE

'NSA',20-AUG-88,1703,1703, 'LANDSAT-5', 'THEMATIC MAPPER',3, 'GOOD', 'NONE',33,21,

56.85902,-99.00933,56.42659,-96.08501,55.37101,-99.75359,54.95749,-96.93001,

705300.0,46.4,46.4,149.8,149.8, 'CPI'

'NSA',I4-AUG-89,1705,1705, 'LANDSAT-5', 'THEMATIC MAPPER',3, 'NOT ASSESSED',

'NOT ASSESSED',34,21,56.85336,-100.64357,56.42299,-97.71424,55.36488,

-i01.38263,54.95287,-98.55591,705300.0,44.9,44.9,147.1,147.1, 'CPI'

'SSA',09-AUG-91,1721,1721, 'LANDSAT-5', 'THEMATIC MAPPER',3, 'GOOD', 'CLEAR',37,22,

54.93235,-106.14753,54.51774,-103.34489,53.44032,-106.83398,53.04264,-104.124,

705300.0,42.4,42.4,142.8,142.8, 'CPI'

'SSA',07-JUN-94,1711,1711, 'LANDSAT-5', 'THEMATIC MAPPER',7, 'GOOD', 'CLEAR',36,22,

54.76512,-104.74031,54.35433,-101.9444,53.2722,-105.42017,52.87873,-102.7158,

705300.0,36.1,36.1,139.3,139.3, 'CPI'

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data for level-3p Landsat TM imagery is a full TM scene. The individual

level-3p Landsat TM images from CCRS are stored in either a band sequential (BSQ) or band

interleaved by line (BIL) form. General information on these two formats is provided in Section 8.2.

Detailed information on these formats can be obtained from the CCRS document referenced in Section

17.1. Most of the BOREAS level-3p Landsat TM image products contain only three of the seven

bands. BORIS used these three-band images to evaluate the processing of the level-3s images to

level-3a products. As such, the number and size of the BIL and BSQ files for the three-band images

are less than the full seven-band image format described below.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The CD-ROM inventory listing file consists of numerical and character fields of varying length

separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed within single apostrophe marks. There are no

spaces between the fields.

Page 13
8.2.1 Band Sequential Format

The files associated with a BSQ TM scene are as follows:

File 1 volume directory

File 2 leader file band 1

File 3 TM band 1

File 4 trailer file band 1

File 5 leader file band 2

File 6 TM band 2

File 7 trailer file band 2

File 8 leader file band 2

File 9 TM band 2

File i0 trailer file band 2

and so on..

File 21 TM band 7

File 22 trailer file band 7

File 23 null volume file

If there are multiple scenes on a tape, the next scene would occupy files 24-46, 23 files exactly as

above. Up to four TM scenes (92 files) are contained on one 8-mm tape. Multiple-volume directory

files are contained on one tape media because the 8-mm tapes were generated from copying the original

9-track tapes, and each one of those had its own volume directory. Each image file in BSQ format

contains image data for one spectral band.

A three-band level-3p TM scene would contain a total of 11 files as described above; however, the

bands included in the three-band subset are TM bands 3, 4, and 5.

8.2.1.1 BSQ Leader Files

The contents of leader files, which have been defined in detail by the Landsat Ground Station

Operations Working Group (LGSOWG) Technical Working Group (LTWG), are as follows:

• File descriptor record

• Scene header record

• Map projection (scene-related) ancillary record

• Radiometric transformation ancillary record

All leader files contain fixed-length records of 4,320 bytes and contain both ASCII and binary

data. For specific details, see the CCRS documentation referenced in Section 17.1.

8.2.1.2 BSQ Imagery File

The BSQ image files have 5,729 records; each record contains 7,020 bytes. The first record in this

file is a header record, followed by 5,728 image records.

The contents of the scene header record are specified by LTWG standards and include information

relating to the mission, sensor parameters, processing options, and geometric parameters for the

sensor.

Each image record contains 32 bytes of prefix data, 6,920 bytes of image data, and 68 bytes of

suffix data (32 + 6920 + 68 = 7020). Each image is oriented so that pixel 1, line 1 is in the upper

left-hand comer (i.e., northwest) of the screen display. Pixels and lines progress left to right and top to

bottom so that pixel n, line n is in the lower right-hand comer.

8.2.1.3 BSQ Trailer File

The trailer file contains information associated with the image data that was not always available

before writing the image data, such as data and recording quality and data summaries. Each trailer file

contains a file descriptor record and trailer records for all bands of imagery in the associated imagery

file. All trailer files contain fixed-length records of 4,320 bytes and contain both ASCII and binary

data. For specific details, see the CCRS documentation referenced in Section 17.1.

Page 14
8.2.2 Band Interleaved by Line Format

At this time, no level-3p Landsat TM data were supplied in BIL format.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

None.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Not applicable.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

BORIS staff processes a level-3p Landsat TM image by :

• Extracting pertinent header information from the level-3p image product and writing it to a

disk file.

• Reading the information in the disk file and loading the online data base with needed

information.

Some cloud cover and image quality assessment information is generated when BORIS staff processed

the level-3p images to level-3a products. This information is entered into the BORIS data base but is

not included with the images on tape. To obtain this information, see the inventory file included on the

CD-ROMs or see Section 15.1.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Errors could arise in the acquired imagery from location inaccuracy, distortion of lengths,

anisomorphism, the instrument's local coherence, and multispectral registrability. Other errors could

arise from inherent radiometric imperfections of the sensors.

10.2 Quality Assessment

Page 15
10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Whatever the processing level, the geometric quality of the image depends on the accuracy of the

viewing geometry. Spectral errors could arise from image-wide signal-to-noise ratio, saturation,

cross-talk, spikes, and response normalization caused by change in gain.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

Assessment of accuracy of the absolute radiometric constants is difficult. The uncertainties in

prelaunch and postlaunch updates of the absolute calibration constants are nominally specified to be

less than 10%. A root mean square (rms) summing of known errors in the prelaunch calibration

suggests that this may be a reasonable estimate of overall uncertainty in the prelaunch calibration.

There are also known, but as yet uncorrected, effects associated with temperature-dependence of

the TM internal calibrator that may be contributing to apparent discontinuous changes at launch and to

the continuous changes of gain while in orbit. Additional uncertainties for exoatmospheric reflectances

are probably less than 2% in the visible/near-infrared and less than 5% in the shortwave infrared

portion of the spectrum as judged by the current differences in estimates of the solar irradiance.

The level-3p Landsat TM images have had geometric corrections applied so that the spatial

resolution for all pixels is 30 m in all bands. These level-3p images have a high level of internal spatial

integrity and have had ground control applied to give a high level of accuracy to the supplied

geographic coordinates.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

The reproducibility of ground measurements at White Sands, NM, at times of Landsat TM

overpass to about 5% for five dates for bands 1-4 suggests a potential for monitoring sensor change

for the whole system with time. Images are screened for level of cloud cover before BORIS

processing.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

BORIS used developed software to extract information for logging the data into a relational data

base. In addition, the software read through the records of the files checking for proper record sizes.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

None.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

To date, the following discrepancies/problems have been noted in the data:

• Some header files refer to Level-1 rather than Level-3 or to LIP rather than L3P since they

were created by software prior to BORIS finalization of data categories.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

Page 16
12. Application of the Data Set

The level-3p Landsat TM images are useful for anyone interested in high spatial resolution imagery

over the entire NSA or SSA.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

BORIS staff developed software and command procedures for:

• Extracting header information from level-3p Landsat TM images on tape and writing it to

ASCII files on disk.

• Reading the ASCII disk file and logging the level-3 Landsat TM image products into the

Oracle data base tables.

• Converting between the geographic systems of (latitude, longitude), UTM (northing, easting),

and BOREAS (x,y) grid locations.

The software mentioned under items 1 to 5 is written in C and is operational on VAX 6410 and

MicroVAX 3100 systems at GSFC. The primary dependencies in the software are the tape input/output

(I/O) library and the Oracle data base utility routines.

The geographic coordinate conversion utility (BOR_CORD) has been tested and used on

Macintosh, IBM PC, VAX, Silicon Graphics, and Sun workstations.

14.2 Software Access

All of the described software is available upon request. BORIS staff would appreciate knowing of

any problems discovered with the software, but cannot promise to fix them.

15. Data Access

The level-3p Landsat TM images are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information

System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center

(DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

Page 17
15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Although the BOREAS level-3p Landsat TM images are being held in a public archive, copyright

restrictions limit the distribution and use of the data. The BOREAS CD-ROM series is publicly

available and contains some of the level-3a Landsat TM images. However, other Landsat TM image

products in the collection are available only to official BOREAS project personnel. Please contact the

ORNL DAAC User Services office to get the most recent information.

Users may obtain informaion about the data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and

order system [http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site

[ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax,

letter, or personal visit using the contact information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

The level-3a Landsat TM data can be made available on 8-ram, Digital Archive Tape (DAT), or

9-track tapes at 1600 or 6250 Bytes Per Inch (BPI).

Although the BOREAS level-3p Landsat TM images are being held in a public archive, copyright

restrictions limit the distribution and use of the data. The BOREAS CD-ROM series is publicly

available and contains some of the level-3a Landsat TM images. However, other Landsat TM image

products in the collection are available only to official BOREAS project personnel. Please contact the

ORNL DAAC User Services office (see Section 15.1) to get the most recent information.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

Although the image inventory is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual level-3p

Landsat TM images are not. See Section 15 for information about how to obtain the data.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

Multispectral Scanner System for ERTS. 1972. HS324-5214. Hughes Aircraft Corporation. Santa

Barbara, CA.

Standard Landsat 4, 5 and 6 TM CCT Format Specification, DMD-TM #82-249E. 1991. Canada

Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS), Surveys, Mapping and Remote Sensing Sector, Energy, Mines

and Resources, Canada.

User's Guide for Landsat Thematic Mapper Computer-Compatible Tapes. 1985. Earth Observation

Satellite Company. Lanham, MD.

Page 18
17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Byrne, G.F., P.F. Crapper, and K.K. Mayo. 1980. Monitoring land-cover change by principal

component analysis of multitemporal Landsat data. Remote Sens. Environ. 10:175-184.

Chavez, P.C., S.C. Guptill, and J.A. Bowell. 1984. Image processing techniques for Thematic

Mapper data. Technical Papers. 50th Annual Meeting of the Amer. Soc. of Photogr. 2:728-743.

Crist, E.P. and R.C. Cicone. 1984. Application of the Tasseled Cap concept to simulated Thematic

Mapper data. Photogr. Engr. & Rein. Sens. 50:343-352.

Engel, J.L. and O. Weinstein. 1983. The Thematic Mapper: An Overview. IEEE Transactions on

Geoscience and Remote Sensing. GE-21:258-265.

Friedel, J. 1992. System description of the Geocoded Image Correction System. Report

GC-MA-50-3915, MacDonald Detwiller and Associates, Richmond, B.C.

Holmes, R.A. 1984. Advanced sensor systems: Thematic Mapper and beyond. Remote Sens.

Environ. 15:213-221.

Kanemasu, E.T., J.L. Heilman, J.O. Bagley, and W.L. Powers. 1977. Using Landsat data to

estimate evapotranspiration of winter wheat. Environmental Management. 1:515-520.

Lulla, K. 1983. The Landsat satellites and selected aspects of Physical Geography. Progress in Phy.

Geogr. 7:1-45.

Malila, W.A. 1985. Comparison of the Information Contents of Landsat TM and MSS Data.

Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 51:1449-1457.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Pollock, R.B. and E.T. Kanemasu. 1979. Estimating leaf-area index of wheat with Landsat data.

Remote Sens. Environ. 8:307-312.

Robinov, C.J. 1982. Computation with physical values from Landsat digital data. Photogr. Engr. &

Rein. Sens. 48:781-784.

Salomonson, V.V. 1984. Landsat 4 and 5 status and results from Thematic Mapper data analysis.

Proceedings. Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data Symposium. Lab. for the Applications of

Remote Sensing. West Lafayette, IN. p 13-18.

Satterwhite, M.B. 1984. Discriminating vegetation and soils using Landsat MSS and Thematic Mapper

bands and band ratios. Technical Papers. 50th Annual Meeting of the Amer. Soc. of Photogr.

2:479-485.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Page 19
Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.RansomD. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Singh,A.N. andR.S.Dwived. 1986.TheUtility of LandsatImageryasanIntegralPartof theData

Basefor SmallScaleSoil Mapping.Int. J.RemoteSensing.7:1099-1108.

Taranik,J.V. 1978.Characteristicsof theLandsat Multispectral Data System. U.S. Dept. of the

Interior. Open File Report File Report 78-187. Sioux Falls, SD.

Thompson, D.R. and O.A. Wehmanen. 1980. Using Landsat digital data to detect moisture stress in

corn-soybean growing region. Photogr. Engr. & Rem. Sens. 46:1082-1089.

Williams, D.L., J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Toll, R.S. Latty, and M.L. Stauffer.

1984. A statistical evaluation of the advantages of Landsat Thematic Mapper data in comparison to

Multi-spectral Scalmer data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. GE-22.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

19. List of Acronyms

ASCII

BIL

BOREAS

BORIS

BPI

BSQ

CCRS

CCT

CD-ROM

DAAC

DAT

DN

EDC

EOS

EOSDIS

- American Standard Code for Information

- Band Interleaved By Line

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Bytes Per Inch

- Band sequential

- Canada Centre for Remote Sensing

- Computer-Compatible Tape

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Digital Archive Tape

- Digital Number

- EROS Data Center

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

Interchange

Page 20
EROS

ERTS

FOLD

FOV

FPAR

GICS

GIS

GMT

GPS

GSFC

IFOV

I/O

LAI

LGSOWG

LTWG

MSS

NAD27

NAD83

NASA

NE

NSA

ORNL

PANP

rms

RSI

SBRC

SSA

TIPS

TM

URL

UTM

- Earth Resources Observation System

- Earth Resources Technology Satellite

- Federally Owned Landsat Database

- Field of View

- Fraction of Photosynthetically Active

- Geocoded Image Correction System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Global Positioning System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Instantaneous Field-of-View

- Input/Output

- Leaf Area Index

- Landsat Ground Station Operations Working

- LGSOWG Technical Working Group

- Multispectral Scanner

- North American Datum of 1927

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space

- Noise Equivalent

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- root-mean-square

- Radarsat International

- Santa Barbara Research Center

- Southern Study Area

- Thematic Mapper Image Processing System

- Thematic Mapper

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Universal Transverse Mercator

Radiation

Group

Administration

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Dates

Written: 12-Apr- 1995

Last Updated: 18-May- 1999

20.2 Document Review Dates

BORIS Review: 20-Feb- 1998

Science Review: 27-Feb- 1998

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

The Landsat TM level-3p images were acquired by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS)

and processed by Radarsat International (RSI) under an agreement with CCRS.

Page 21
If usingdatafromtheBOREASCD-ROM series,alsoreferencethedataas:

BOREASStaffScience,"BOREASStaffScienceSatelliteDataAcquisitionProgram."In Collected

Dataof TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.Eds.J.Newcomer,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.

Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker, R.Strub,T.

Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers.CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also,citetheBOREASCD-ROMsetas:

Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.CollectedDataof

TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 22
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

September 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS Level-3p Landsat TM hnagery: Geocoded and Scaled At-sensor 923

Radiance

6. AUTHOR(S) RTOP: 923-462-33-01

Jaime Nickeson, David Knapp, Jeffrey A. Newcomer, and Josef Cihlar

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 98

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

J. Nickeson, D. Knapp, J.A. Newcomer: Raytheon ITSS, Greenbelt, Maryland;

J. Cihlar: Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

For BOREAS, the level-3p Landsat TM data were used to supplement the level-3s Landsat TM products. Along with the other remotely sensed images, the Landsat TM images were collected in order to

provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information includes radiant energy, detailed land cover, and biophysical parameter maps such as FPAR and LAI. Although

very similar to the level-3s Landsat TM products, the level-3p images were processed with ground

control information, which improved the accuracy of the geographic coordinates provided. Geographically, the level-3p images cover the BOREAS NSA and SSA. Temporally, the four images cover the

period of 20-Aug-1988 to 07-Jun-1994. Except for the 07-Jun-1994 image, which contains seven

bands, the other three contain only three bands.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, remote sensing science, Landsat TM data.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

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NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

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15. NUMBER OF PAGES

22

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102