PECHAN

5528-B Hempstead Way

Springfield, VA 22151

703-813-6700 telephone

703-813-6729 facsimile

3622 Lyckan Parkway

Suite 2002

Durham, NC 27707

919-493-3144 telephone

919-493-3182 facsimile

P.O. Box 1575

Shingle Springs, CA 95682

530-672-0441 telephone

530-672-0504 facsimile

PENNSYLVANIA 2002

AREA SOURCE CRITERIA 

AIR POLLUTANT 

EMISSION ESTIMATION 

METHODS

Prepared for:

Pennsylvania Department of

Environmental Protection

Bureau of Air Quality

P.O. Box 2357

Harrisburg, PA 17105-2357

Prepared by:

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

3622 Lyckan Parkway

Suite 2002

Durham, NC 27707

Contract No. SP3580003990

Work Order 9

February 2004

Pechan Rpt. No. 04.02.006/9420.109
iii

CONTENTS

Page

AREA SOURCE DEFINITION ....................................................................................................................................1

METHODS FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS ..................................................1

Control Efficiency (CE) ...........................................................................................................................................3

Rule Penetration (RP)...............................................................................................................................................3

Rule Effectiveness (RE) ...........................................................................................................................................3

Seasonal Emission Calculations...............................................................................................................................4

Point Source Subtractions ........................................................................................................................................5

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION – ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ................................................................................9

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION – CROPS (Fertilizer Application) (14 SCCs)......................................................9

ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATING (SCC 2401001000) ................................................................................9

ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs)....................................................................................................................................10

AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (SCC 2401005000).................................................................................................12

BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000)..................................................................................................................................13

BREWERIES (SCC 2302070001) ..............................................................................................................................14

COAL COMBUSTION (6 SCCs) ...............................................................................................................................16

COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER SOLVENT USE (SCC 2465000000) ..............................................................20

COMMERCIAL COOKING (5 SCCs) .......................................................................................................................21

COMPOSTING (3 SCCs)............................................................................................................................................22

DEGREASING (4 SCCs)............................................................................................................................................23

DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000370) .......................................................................................................................24

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000)....................................................................................................25

ELECTRICAL INSULATION (SCC 2401065000)....................................................................................................26

FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000)..................................................................................................27

FOREST FIRES (SCC 2810001000) ..........................................................................................................................27

FUEL OIL COMBUSTION (3 SCCs).........................................................................................................................28

GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs).........................................................................................................................32

GRAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000) ........................................................................................................................36

HIGH PERFORMANCE INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE SOLVENT (SCC 2401100000)...................................36

KEROSENE (2 SCCs).................................................................................................................................................37

LANDFILLS (SCC 2620030000) ...............................................................................................................................40

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000) ...........................................................................................41

MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000) ..................................................................................................................42

METAL CANS (SCC 2401040000)............................................................................................................................42

METAL FURNITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401025000)...................................................................................43

MISCELLANEOUS FINISHED METAL (SCC 2401050000) ..................................................................................44

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090000) ................................................................................45

NATURAL GAS AND LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) (4 SCCs)...............................................................45

OPEN BURNING (5 SCCs)........................................................................................................................................51

OTHER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATING (SCC 2401200000) .................................................................................54

OTHER TRANSPORTATION (SCC 2401085000) ...................................................................................................55

PESTICIDE APPLICATION (SCC 2461800000)......................................................................................................56

PORTABLE GASOLINE CONTAINERS (SCC 2501060300)..................................................................................56

REFRIGERANT LOSSES (SCC 2399010000) ..........................................................................................................58

PUBLIC OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (3 SCCs) ...............................................................................................59

RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION (7 SCCs)...................................................................................................60

SOLID WASTE INCINERATION (2 SCCs)..............................................................................................................61

STRUCTURE FIRES (SCC 2810030000)..................................................................................................................64

TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000).......................................................................................................65

WINERIES (SCC 2302070005)..................................................................................................................................66

WOOD FURNITURE MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401020000)..............................................................................67

APPENDIX A: REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................1
iv

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1

AREA SOURCE DEFINITION

For emission inventory development purposes, the term “area sources” traditionally refers to 

stationary air pollutant emission sources that are not inventoried at the facility-level. While point 

sources are inventoried individually, area sources are typically inventoried at the county level 

(Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development Volume III: Chapter 1).1 

Gasoline stations and dry cleaning establishments are often treated as both point and area 

sources. The main reason they are not exclusively treated as point sources is that the effort 

required to gather data and estimate emissions for each individual facility is very great, while 

emissions per facility are generally small. For these sources, a cut-off point, typically based on 

annual emissions, usually defines the distinction between point and area. The Consolidated 

Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) specifies reporting criteria air pollutant (CAP) thresholds for 

point and area sources, which vary depending on the pollutant and the attainment status of a 

county (see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/cerr/index.html).

Individual emissions sources are grouped with other like sources into source categories. These 

source categories are grouped in such a way that they can be estimated collectively using one 

methodology. Most area source categories do not have an analogue in the point source inventory. 

Pesticide use and commercial/consumer product use are such examples. The boundaries of the 

individual activities associated with these sources are often hard to determine or are, at best, 

arbitrary. Even within a point source facility, some activities occur that are more easily treated as 

area source emissions. Some emissions associated with surface coating operations such as 

equipment cleaning, for example, can be more practically estimated using area source methods 

even though other surface coating operations may be reported as part of the point source 

inventory.

METHODS FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS

Area source emissions are generally estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known 

indicator or collective activity for each area source category at the county level. Several 

methodologies are available for estimating area source activity levels and emissions. For this 

2002 area source inventory, estimates were derived by (1) treating area sources as point sources, 

(2) obtaining county-level activity data, (3) apportioning national or statewide activity data to 

counties, (4) use of per capita emission factors, and (5) use of per employee emission factors. 

Each approach has distinct advantages and disadvantages as discussed below.

Small sources that would normally be treated as area sources may be handled as point sources for 

several reasons. First, county level activity data may not be readily determinable for certain 

source categories. Municipal landfills provide an example of this situation.

For some source categories, county activity estimates were available. For example, monthly 

wine production data for 2002 were available by county from the Pennsylvania Liquor Control 
2

Board. If county activity data were not available, Commonwealth totals were apportioned to 

counties using data for a surrogate of the emissions activity. For example, the quantity of 

highway gasoline consumed in the Commonwealth was apportioned to the county level on the 

basis of vehicle miles traveled per county. Residential, commercial, and industrial fuel 

combustion were other categories that were handled in this manner. The major drawbacks of this 

approach are that additional data and resources are needed to apportion activity levels to the local 

level, and accuracy is lost in the process. If Commonwealth level data were not available, then 

national data were used in a similar manner.

Sources in certain area source categories were not only numerous and diffuse, but were too 

difficult to inventory by any of the above procedures. As an example, solvent evaporation from 

consumer and commercial products such as waxes, aerosol products and window cleaners cannot 

be routinely determined by DEP. In addition, it would be resource-intensive to develop and 

implement a survey that would yield such information. Per capita or per employee emission 

factors are used to estimate emissions for these source categories. The use of per capita emission 

factors is based on the assumption that, for a given source category, emission activity can be 

reasonably associated with population. This assumption is valid over broad areas for certain 

categories such as Architectural Surface Coating and solvent evaporation from Consumer and 

Commercial Products.

For categories that rely on a per capita emission factor, county population estimates for 2002 

were obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. When emissions are calculated from per 

employee emission factors, county-level employment data for 2002 were estimated from a 

combination of two sources. Because county employment data for 2002 will not be available 

from the Bureau of the Census’ County Business Patterns (CBP) until April 2004, 2001 data for 

the appropriate North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes were obtained 

from the 2001 CBP2and projected to 2002 using the Commonwealth-level 2001 to 2002 

employment change for the appropriate NAICS codes. The Commonwealth-level employment 

data were obtained at the NAICS code level from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.3

In some cases, the Census does not report the number of employees in the separate counties 

within the Commonwealth for each category wereemployment value for a particular NAICS 

code/county combination because available ,but ,of confidentiality concerns. In these cases, the 

Census provides employment data as a range (e.g., between 20 and 99 employees), the. When a 

precise number of employees was not available from CBP, an initial estimate was developed 

based on the mid-point of the reported range (e.g., 60 employees was used for the 20 to 99 

employment range). For a given NAICS code, the mid-point estimates were then adjusted up or 

down to yield the Commonwealth-level employment for that NAICS code as reported in the 

CBP. The adjustments were computed by first calculating the difference between the 

Commonwealth-level CBP employment and the total of the employment values for counties for 

which actual employment values were reported in the CBP. The resulting value represents 

employment for the counties for which the CBP reports an employment range value. This value 

was then divided by the sum of the mid-point employment estimates for the counties for which 

employment was reported as a range. The resulting ratio was multiplied by the mid-point 
3

estimates to yield the final county employment estimates. The calculation spreadsheets provide 

each of the steps used in this estimation procedure.

Control Efficiency (CE)

Control efficiency is the emission reduction percentage associated with a control device, process 

change or reformulation. Control efficiencies can vary widely by source within an area source 

category. Area source control efficiency values represent the weighted average control for the 

category.

Rule Penetration (RP)

Because lower-emitting sources within a source category may not be covered by a regulation, it is 

important to reflect the extent to which total source category emissions are affected. Rule 

penetration represents the percentage of total source category emissions that are affected by a 

regulation.

Rule Effectiveness (RE)

Rule effectiveness is a factor used to adjust the control efficiency to account for failures and 

uncertainties that affect the actual performance of the control. For example, control equipment 

performance may be adversely affected by age of the equipment, lack of maintenance, or 

improper use. With the exception of Federal regulations, a default RE value of 80 percent was 

applied when information was not available to substantiate the true RE value.1 An RE of 100 

percent was applied to all Federal regulations that require national compliance.

The RE factor is applied to the estimated control efficiency in the calculation of emissions from a 

source. The formula for the application of CE, RP, and RE is displayed below:

Uncontrolled Emissions = 50 pounds per day

Control Efficiency = 90 percent

Rule Penetration = 60 percent

Rule Effectiveness = 80 percent

Controlled Emissions = Uncontrolled Emissions × (1 – CE/100 × RP/100 × RE/100)

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1 – 0.9 × 0.6 × 0.8) = 50 × (1 – 0.432) = 28.4 pounds per day

An RE and/or RP value can substantially increase emission estimates when high control 

efficiencies are involved. For example, if RP was not applied in the above example (equivalent 

to a 100 percent RP assumption), then estimated emissions are:

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1 – 0.9 × 0.8) = 50 × (1 – 0.72) = 14 pounds per day.
4

Seasonal Emission Calculations

Area source emissions are typically prepared first on an annual basis because activity data are 

generally only available on an annual basis. The recently promulgated Consolidated Emissions 

Reporting Rule (CERR) requires States to submit county-level area source CAP emission 

inventories to EPA for three temporal periods: annual, summer season work weekday, and 

winter season work weekday (the latter for carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions 

only). Summer season work weekday emission inventories are needed to support planning for 

ozone NAAQS attainment. The summer season refers to the peak ozone season months of June, 

July, and August. Winter season work weekday emission inventories are used to support carbon 

monoxide (CO) NAAQS attainment planning. The winter season refers to January, February, 

and December of the same year (e.g., 2002).

Seasonal emission estimates are calculated by adjusting the annual inventory to reflect activity 

during the summer and winter season. Summer work weekday and winter work weekday 

emissions are calculated by multiplying annual emissions by the appropriate allocation factor. 

For most source categories, summer and winter work weekday allocation factors were developed 

from default monthly and weekly profiles available from EPA’s Emissions Modeling 

ClearingHouse (EMCH).4 

The EMCH provides 807 different monthly profiles and 45 different weekly profiles. The first 

step in developing summer allocation factors was to compute summer monthly ratios by dividing 

the sum of the June, July, and August monthly profile values by the total of the twelve monthly 

profile values. Winter monthly ratios were calculated in a similar manner, except monthly 

profile values for January, February, and December were incorporated into the calculation. 

Weekday profile values were computed by dividing the sum of the Monday through Friday 

weekly profile values by the total profile value for the entire week.

Summer work weekday allocation factors were calculated by multiplying the summer monthly 

ratios by the appropriate weekday ratio and then dividing the result by 65 (the number of work 

weekdays in the summer of 2002). In a like manner, winter work weekday allocation factors 

were computed by multiplying winter monthly ratios by the appropriate weekday ratio and 

dividing by 65 (the number of work weekdays in the winter of 2002).

These allocation factors were then matched to area source classification codes (SCCs) via a 

crosswalk between SCCs and temporal profiles available from EPA’s EMCH. Annual emissions 

for each SCC/county/pollutant combination were then multiplied by the appropriate summer 

work weekday allocation factor to yield summer work weekday emissions. Winter work 

weekday emissions were calculated for categories emitting CO and/or PM. Similar to the 

summer calculations, annual CO and PM emissions were multiplied by the appropriate winter 

work weekday allocation factor to yield winter work weekday emissions.

For source categories for which actual monthly/seasonal activity data were available (e.g., 

Residential Natural Gas Combustion, Structure Fires, and Wineries), summer and winter season 

allocation factors were calculated from the available activity data. The following presents 
5

sample calculations performed to develop the summer work weekday allocation factor for 

Bakeries. The individual source category methodology sections present the calculations 

performed to compute each category’s seasonal emission estimates.

SAMPLE CALCULATION OF SUMMER SEASON WORK WEEKDAY ALLOCATION FACTOR:

Bakeries (SCC 2302050000)

0.25

996

83 83 83

Totalof Monthly Profile Values

(June Profile Value July Profile Value August Profile Value)



 



 

Summer Season Ratio 

0.715

1000

143 143 143 143 143



   





Sum of Weekly Values

Sum of Monday through Friday Profile Values Weekday Ratio

Summer Work Weekday Allocation Factor = 0.25 × 0.715  65 = 0.00275

For source categories for which actual seasonal emissions activity data were available (e.g., 

Residential Natural Gas Combustion, Structure Fires, and Wineries), the summer and winter 

season allocation factors were developed from these activity data.

Point Source Subtractions

Source categories can appear in both the area source and point source inventory. For example, 

emissions from large dry cleaning establishments may be included in the point source inventory, 

while emissions from smaller dry cleaners (below some specified cutoff) are included in the area 

source inventory. When a point source inventory and an area source inventory include emissions 

from the same process, the area source emission estimates are adjusted to avoid double-counting. 

Although many area source categories (e.g., Architectural Surface Coating) do not have 

companion point source categories, there are many source categories in the area source inventory 

for which emissions are reported in the Pennsylvania point source inventory (see Table 1). For 

these source categories, point source emissions are subtracted from total emission estimates to 

yield area source emissions. Ideally, this adjustment would occur in the area source emission 

calculation by subtracting point source emission activity (throughput) from total emission 

activity as shown below.

Area Source Activity  Total Activity  Point Source Activity 
6

However, the Pennsylvania point source inventory does not report throughput for most sources. 

Therefore, it was necessary to calculate the point source subtractions using total and point source 

emission estimates as identified below.

Area Emissionsp  Total Emissionsp Point Source Emissionsp

where:

p = pollutant

Separate point source inventories were developed for Allegheny and Philadelphia counties and 

for all other counties. Except for ammonia and lead, the Allegheny inventory reports annual

emissions for all pollutants included in the area source inventory. These pollutants are also 

missing from the Philadelphia County annual inventory. Unlike the Allegheny inventory, the 

Philadelphia County inventory does not report PM emissions on a filterable and condensable 

basis, but rather on a primary basis. The inventory for the remaining counties reports annual 

emissions for the same pollutants as the Philadelphia County inventory, with the exception of 

primary PM2.5 (PM25-PRI), which is not reported for the remaining counties. Given the different 

ways in which PM emissions are reported in the 2002 Pennsylvania point source inventory, it 

was necessary to develop PM emissions on a consistent basis to facilitate the point source 

subtractions. Therefore, for Allegheny County, Pechan summed the condensable and the 

filterable PM emissions to obtain PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI emission values for use in the point 

source subtractions.

Although the point source inventories also report winter and summer day emissions, these 

estimates were not used in the point source subtractions. The annual emission estimates were 

used in the subtractions because it is not clear if every point source facility that would have 

emissions during the summer/winter have these emissions reported in the inventory. For 

example, there are only 14 records with winter day NOx emissions in the point source inventory, 

while there are over 4,000 records with annual NOx emissions reported in the inventory.

To facilitate the point source subtractions, the annual emission records for all point SCCs 

associated with an area source category were summed to the county level. Because PA DEP 

indicated that point source subtractions should be applied to the Machinery and Equipment 

Solvent Coating area source category by subtracting point source emission records associated 

with the combination of point SCCs 40202501, 40202502, and 40202599 and SIC code 3531, it 

was also necessary to compile county level annual emissions for these records. In addition, 

because these point SCCs are also associated with the Miscellaneous Finished Metals Surface 

Coating area source category, it was necessary to compile county-level annual emissions for all 

point source records with these SCCs that are not associated with SIC code 3531.

The county-level point source annual emissions were then subtracted from the area source 

category annual emissions using an area source category-to-point source category crosswalk 

developed for this project. Note that in keeping with EIIP guidance, when the resulting area 

source emission estimate was negative, the area source emission value was set to zero. In 

addition, when the PM10-PRI emission estimate resulted in a zero value, then the companion 
7

PM25-PRI emission estimate was set to zero for consistency. In addition to setting PM25-PRI 

emissions to zero when PM10-PRI emissions were zero, we also set PM25-PRI emissions to 

PM10-PRI emissions when PM25-PRI emissions were greater than PM10-PRI emissions, after 

the point source subtractions were performed. Finally, the summer and winter season work 

weekday emission estimates were updated by multiplying the revised annual emission estimate 

by the appropriate winter season and/or summer season work weekday allocation factors. The 

following presents sample point source NOx emission subtraction calculations for the 

Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion category (SCC 

2103002000).

   

   

tons

Area Source NOx Emissions for SCC tons tons

Po Source NOx Emissions Allegheny Cnty . tons (SCC ) . tons (SCC )

Total NOx Emissions for SCC Allegheny Cnty tons per year

Area Source NOx Emissions for SCC Total NOx Emissions Po NOx Emissions

895.9997

2103002000 1,054.3025 158.3028

int ( ) 152 0751 10300207 6 2277 10300208

2103002000 ( ) 1,054.3025

2103002000 int



 

 



 

The following individual sections describe the annual and seasonal emission estimation 

methodology for each area source category. Each section contains a brief description of the 

source category, identifies whether the category’s emission estimates were subject to point source 

emission subtractions, and presents sample emission calculations (point source subtractions are 

not included in these sample calculations). All referenced sources are displayed in Appendix A.
8

Table 1. Area Source Inventory Categories with Point Source Emission Subtractions

SCC SCC1DESC SCC3DESC SCC6DESC SCC8DESC

2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2102002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types

2302050000 Industrial Processes Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20 Bakery Products Total

2302070001 Industrial Processes Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20 Fermentation/Beverages Breweries

2401015000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242 Total: All Solvent Types

2401020000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Wood Furniture: SIC 25 Total: All Solvent Types

2401025000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Metal Furniture: SIC 25 Total: All Solvent Types

2401040000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Metal Cans: SIC 341 Total: All Solvent Types

2401050000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating

Miscellaneous Finished Metals: SIC 34 - (341 + 

3498) Total: All Solvent Types

2401055000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35 Total: All Solvent Types

2401060000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Large Appliances: SIC 363 Total: All Solvent Types

2401070000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Motor Vehicles: SIC 371 Total: All Solvent Types

2401080000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Marine: SIC 373 Total: All Solvent Types

2401085000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Railroad: SIC 374 Total: All Solvent Types

2401090000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Manufacturing Total: All Solvent Types

2415200000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Conveyerized Degreasing Total: All Solvent Types

2415300000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Cold Cleaning Total: All Solvent Types

2420000370 Solvent Utilization Dry Cleaning All Processes Special Naphthas

2425000000 Solvent Utilization Graphic Arts All Processes Total: All Solvent Types

2501060053 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling

2501060101 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Uncontrolled

2501060102 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Controlled

2601010000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and 

Recovery On-site Incineration Industrial Total

2601020000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and 

Recovery On-site Incineration Commercial/Institutional Total

2620030000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and 

Recovery Landfills Municipal Total

2630020010

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and 

Recovery Landfills Wastewater Treatment Processes Total
9

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION – ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Emissions from livestock production come from such activities as confinement, manure handling 

and storage, and land application of manure. Biogenic emission source calculations were derived 

from EPA’s BEIS inventory system.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION – CROPS (Fertilizer Application) (14 SCCs)

(Anhydrous Ammonia SCC 2801700001, Aqueous Ammonia SCC 2801700002, Nitrogen 

Solutions SCC 2801700003, Urea SCC 2801700004, Ammonium Nitrate SCC 2801700005, 

Ammonium Sulfate SCC 2801700006, Ammonium Thiosulfate SCC 2801700007, N-P-K 

(multi-grade nutrient fertilizers) SCC 2801700010, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate SCC 

2801700011, Potassium Nitrate SCC 2801700012, Diammonium Phosphate SCC 2801700013, 

Monoammonium Phosphate SCC 2801700014, Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate SCC 

2801700015, Misc. Fertilizers SCC 2801700099)

Emissions from crops are primarily due to spreading of various fertilizers. Fertilizers spread on 

fields that contribute to ammonia emissions include anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, 

nitrogen solutions, urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonia, and ammonium sulfate. Biogenic 

emission source calculations were derived from EPA’s BEIS inventory system.

ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATING (SCC 2401001000)

Architectural surface coatings are used by homeowners and painting contractors to coat the 

interior and exterior of buildings and other structures. The coatings are applied by spray, brush, 

or roller and dry or cure at ambient conditions. The VOC emissions from this source category 

result from the evaporation of the paint and cleanup solvents. Each county’s emissions are 

calculated using a per capita emission factor and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2002 population 

data. The Federal architectural surface coating regulations call for a 20 percent reduction in the 

solvent content of architectural surface coatings manufactured after September 1999.5 Therefore, 

a 20 percent CE is applied in the 2002 inventory.

The emission factor that is used in this effort differs from that used for the 1999 area source 

inventory. The new per capita emission factor was calculated using the Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program (EIIP) methods for this category. National solvent- and water-based 

coating per capita use factors were first calculated from 2002 national paint shipments6and 2002 

national population data.7 These factors were then combined with information on the average 

volatile organic compound (VOC) content of these coatings to calculate per capita emission 

factors as follows: 

Water-Based = 0.74 pounds VOC/gallon8× 589,527,000 gallons6/288,368,698 people7

= 1.5128 pounds VOC/person/year

Solvent-Based = 3.87 pounds VOC/gallon8× 119,914,000 gallons6/288,368,698 people7

= 1.6093 pounds VOC/person/year 
10

Final composite emission factor = 1.5128 + 1.6093 = 3.1221 pounds VOC/person/year

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Population

where:

Emission Factor = 3.1221 lbs VOC/person/year

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County)7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 20%5

RP (Rule Penetration) = 100%

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

people

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

1585.9069

2000

1

3,171,813.823

100

100

100

100

100

20 1,269,904 1

3.1221

















 













  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00356 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1585.9069  0.00356 = 5.6484 tons VOC per day

ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs)

There are two types of asphalt used for road paving and repair: cutback asphalt and emulsified 

asphalt. VOC emissions result primarily from the curing of the applied material. The following 

sections describe the two types of asphalt and identify the methods used to estimate emissions for 

each type.

Cutback Asphalt (SCC 2461021000)

Cutback asphalt is used as a pavement sealant, a tack coat, and a bonding agent between layers of 

paving material. Cutback asphalt is prepared by blending or “cutting back” asphalt cement with 

various blends of petroleum distillates. Emissions from cutback asphalt paving occur during the 

curing of the road surface when petroleum distillates evaporate.

Annual VOC emissions from cutback asphalt paving were computed from information obtained 

from the Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators (PAMA) on the amount of 
11

cutback asphalt applied in 2002 and the VOC content and density of the asphalt.10 In addition, it 

was assumed that 100 percent of cutback asphalt contained diluent and that 70 percent of the 

diluent evaporates.11 County emissions were estimated by multiplying State emissions by the ratio 

of the each county’s bituminous paved lane mileage by the State’s bituminous paved lane 

mileage.12 Based on the State regulation prohibiting use of cutback asphalt during summer 

months, there are no summer season work weekday emissions estimated for cutback asphalt.13

Emulsified Asphalt (SCC 2461022000)

Emulsified asphalt is a type of liquefied road surfacing material that is used in some of the same 

applications as cutback asphalt. However, instead of blending asphalt cement with petroleum 

distillates, emulsified asphalt uses a blend of water with an emulsifier.

Annual VOC emissions from emulsified asphalt paving were computed from information obtained 

from the Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators on the amount of emulsified 

asphalt applied in 2002, the VOC content and density of the asphalt, and the percentage of 

emulsified asphalt containing diluent.10 In addition, it was assumed that 100 percent of the 

emulsified asphalt diluent evaporates.11 County emissions were estimated by multiplying State 

emissions by the ratio of the each county’s bituminous paved lane mileage by the State’s 

bituminous paved lane mileage.14 Annual emissions were allocated to the summer season work 

weekday based on information from PAMA that emulsified asphalt is only applied from March 1 

through October 31.15 In addition, it was assumed that asphalt use is evenly distributed during 

this period and that paving is only performed on weekdays.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

  

   

State Bituminous Paved Lane Miles

County Bituminous Paved Lane Miles County Annual VOCEmissions Statewide VOC emissions x

Statewide Annual Emissions Emission Factor State Asphalt Use of Diluent Evaporating

Emission Factor VOC Content VOC Density







2002 %

where:

Cutback Asphalt VOC Content = 35%10

Emulsified Asphalt VOC Content = 8%10

Cutback Asphalt VOC Density = 7.1 lbs/gallon10

Emulsified Asphalt VOC Density = 6.25 lbs/gallon10

2002 PA Cutback Asphalt Use = 5,000,000 gallons10

2002 PA Emulsified Asphalt Use = 15,000,000 gallons10

Bituminous Paved County Lane Miles = 2,538 miles (Allegheny)14

Bituminous Paved State Lane Miles = 83,227 miles14

% of Cutback Asphalt Diluent that Evaporates = 70%11

% of Emulsified Asphalt Containing Diluent = 50%10

% of Emulsified Asphalt Diluent that Evaporates = 100%11
12

Cutback Asphalt VOC Emissions Calculation:

Annual VOC Emissions tons VOC per year

miles

miles million gallons cutback asphalt

year

gallon

tons VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

tons VOC per gallon per year

lbs

ton

year

gallon

lbs VOC

Emission Factor

132.6147

83,227

2,538 5 0.7

0.0012425

0.0012425

2000

1

7.1

0.35



   

   

(Summer work weekday emissions are estimated as zero due to State prohibition on use during this 

period)13

Emulsified Asphalt VOC Emissions Calculation:

Annual VOC Emissions tons VOC per year

miles

miles million gallons emulsified asphalt

year

gallon

tons VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

tons VOC per gallon per year

lbs

ton

year

gallon

lbs VOC

Emission Factor

57.1780

83,227

2,538 15 0.5

0.00025

0.00025

2000

1

6.25

0.08



   

   

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 3/8 (fraction of paving performed in the summer months)  5/7 

(fraction of paving performed on weekdays)  65 (number of weekdays in the summer) = 0.00412515

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 57.1780  0.004125 = 0.2359 tons VOC per day

AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (SCC 2401005000)

Automotive refinishing is the painting of worn or damaged automobiles, light trucks, and other 

vehicles. The coating of new cars, however, is considered in the point source inventory, and 

therefore not included in this inventory. The automotive refinishing VOC emission factor of 

2.30 lb/person is based on EPA guidance.16 A control efficiency of 60.94 percent for 2002 was 

computed by applying an incremental reduction of 38 percent17 to 1999’s 37 percent18 control 

efficiency based on the following calculation:

Control Efficiency Control Efficiency

Incremental Control Efficiency Control Efficiency Control Efficiency

100 60.94%

100

37 1

100

38 2002 1 1

100

100

1999 1

100

2002 2002 1 1

  



























 











  































 











  

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:
13    











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE AnnualVOC Emissions Emission Factor Population 

where:

Emission Factor =2.30 lbs VOC/person/year16

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County)7

Control Efficiency = 60.94%17 18

Rule Penetration = 100%

Rule Effectiveness = 100%

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

people

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

570.4282

2000

1

1,140,856

100

100

100

100

100

60.94 1,269,904 1

2.30

  













  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00385 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 570.4282  0.00385 = 2.1940 tons VOC per day

BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000)

Bakery emissions, primarily ethanol, result from yeast fermentation during the baking process of 

bread and bakery products. Ethanol is emitted through a vent with any combustion product gases. 

Relevant NAICS codes for bakeries are 311811 and 311812.

County-level VOC emissions were calculated using an employment-based emission factor and 

the number of NAICS code 311811 and 311812 employees in each county. The number of 

employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns2and grown to 

2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth 

employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).3 The Bakeries emission factor is 

0.11 tons VOC/employee/year.

19

 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from 

these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)

where: 

Emission Factor = 0.11 tons VOC /employee/year19

Employees = 1024 2 3(Allegheny County)
14(1024 )

0.11

employees

year

employee

tons VOC

Annual VOC Emissions





















 = 112.64 tons VOC per year

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor=0.002754

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 112.640.00275 = 0.3098 tons VOC per day

BREWERIES (SCC 2302070001)

Emissions of VOCs from breweries result from compounds such as ethanol, myrcene, ethyl 

acetate and higher alcohols resulting from the brewing process. There are two brewery emission 

factors, which differ based on facility production size (i.e., a smaller emission factor is used for 

facilities with more than 60,000 barrels production, and a larger factor for facilities producing 

60,000 barrels or less).

Because facility-level brewery production data were not available, it was necessary to estimate 

the amount of production in each county associated with small and large facilities. First, countylevel beer production was estimated by apportioning State-level production to counties based on 

county-level brewery employment. Total Pennsylvania beer production was obtained from the 

Federal Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.20 The number of brewery (NAICS code 

31212) employees in 2002 was estimated by projecting 2001 county employment, obtained from 

the 2001 County Business Patterns,2to 2002 based on the 2002 to 2001 State-level brewery 

employment ratio, obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.3

Based on the average Pennsylvania brewery production per employee (2,122 barrels) calculated 

from the data described above, it was assumed that all facilities in a county reporting fewer than 

29 employees would contain only small breweries. The cutoff of 29 employees was chosen 

based on the observation that, assuming a constant per employee production rate, a brewery with 

29 employees would produce approximately 61,500 barrels of beer. It was also assumed that a 

county with more than 29 brewery employees would have production by both small and large 

facilities. In lieu of actual data, it was assumed that 1 percent of these counties’ production is 

from small breweries, and 99 percent is from large breweries. Therefore, the small brewery 

emission factor was applied to 1 percent of the county’s beer production, while the large brewery 

emission factor was applied to 99 percent of the county’s production. This 1 percent assumption 

appears reasonable given that this value results in statewide brewery emissions similar to those 

estimated for 1996.

Since Pennsylvania’s brewery production data were available on a monthly basis, the statewide 

summer month allocation factor was calculated using the ratio of summer beer production to the 

annual beer production. This was then converted to the summer work weekday allocation factor 

using weekday temporal allocation data from EPA’s Emissions Modeling Clearinghouse 

(EMCH).4 20
15

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

  



















State Employees

County Employees Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Statewide Production

where: 

Small Brewery Emission Factor = 56.743 pounds of VOC/1000 barrels21

Large Brewery Emission Factor = 4.16791 pounds of VOC/1000 barrels22

Adams County Employees = 72 3

Allegheny County Employees = 2612 3

2002 PA Beer Production = 3,089,646 barrels20

Adams County (Small Breweries Only Assumption) Annual VOC Emissions:

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions lbs VOC per year

State Employees

County Employees barrels

barrels

lbs VOC Annual VOC Emissions

0.4214

2000

1

842.8634

1,456

7

3,089,646

1000

56.743

  

  

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month beer production/annual beer production 

weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 856,549/3,089,646  0.715/65 = 0.003054 20

Summer work weekday allocation factor=0.00305

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.4214  0.00305 = 0.001285 tons VOC per day

Allegheny County (Small and Large Breweries Assumption) Annual VOC Emissions:

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions lbs VOC per year

State Employees

County Employees barrels

barrels

lbs VOC

State Employees

County Employees barrels

barrels

lbs VOC Annual VOC Emissions

1.2998

2000

1

2599.5583

1,456

261 3,089,646

1000

4.168 0.99

1,456

261 3,089,646

1000

56.743 0.01

  

















  

















   

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month beer production/annual beer production 

weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 856,549/3,089,646  0.715/65 = 0.003054 20

Summer work weekday allocation factor=0.00305

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.2998  0.00305 = 0.00396 tons VOC per day
16

COAL COMBUSTION (6 SCCs)

(Residential Anthracite SCC 2104001000, Residential Bituminous SCC 2104002000, 

Commercial/Institutional Anthracite SCC 2103001000, Commercial/Institutional Bituminous 

SCC 2103002000, Industrial Anthracite SCC 2102001000, Industrial Bituminous SCC 

2102002000)

This category covers emissions from the burning of coal by residential, and small commercial and 

industrial users. Coal combustion emissions were estimated for VOC, NOx, CO, Pb, PM, and 

SO2.

Residential coal consumption, in tons per dwelling unit, was estimated using the following 

equation:

Coal consumption per dwelling unit = 0.003874 e(7.6414-(1000/heating degree days))

Heating Degree Day (HDD) data were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration.23 The HDD of each county was assigned according to the town or city in the 

county or the nearest town or city of similar latitude for which data were available.

After estimating county-level residential coal consumption per unit, emissions were calculated by 

multiplying these values by the number of coal-burning dwelling units in each county24 and the 

emission factor for each pollutant.

Year 2002 Commonwealth-level commercial sector coal consumption (computed from the 

Energy Information Administration’s State Energy Data 200025 and Annual Coal Report 200226) 

was allocated to individual counties using the number of commercial sector facilities in each 

county.2 County-level emissions were then calculated by multiplying county coal consumption 

by the emission factor for the applicable CAP.

Industrial coal-burning emissions were computed in a similar way to commercial/institutional 

emissions. However, county-level industrial employment data (from County Business Patterns 

and Current Employment Statistics) were used to allocate coal consumption to individual 

counties.

In some cases, CAP emission factors differ between anthracite and bituminous coal. Because 

anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the Commonwealth, while bituminous is mined in the 

western half, the emission calculations assume that eastern counties burn anthracite coal while 

western counties burn bituminous coal.

For Commercial and Industrial sector categories, point source emissions, where present, were 

subtracted from these initial emission estimates.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:
17

Residential Coal Combustion:

  

 

 













 



Coal - Burning Dwelling Units Burning Dwelling Units e Number of Coal -

Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor Percent AshContent if applicable

HDD 0.003874

,

1000 7.6414

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 10 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year27; 10 lbs/ton 

bituminous coal/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 3 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year27; 9.1 lbs/ton bituminous 

coal/year39

CO Emission Factor = 275 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year27; 275 lbs/ton 

bituminous coal/year39

Pb Emission Factor = 0.013182 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year39

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 10 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year27; 6.2 lbs/ton 

bituminous coal/year39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year27 13.38% ash 

content =8.028 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 3.8 lbs/ton bituminous 

coal/year39

PM-CON Emission Factor = 0.08 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year27 13.38% ash 

content =1.0704 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 1.04 lbs/ton bituminous 

coal/year39

SO2 Emission Factor = 39 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year

27 0.89% sulfur content 

=34.71 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 31 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year39

2.42% sulfur content = 75.02 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89% sulfur27

Bituminous Coal Sulfur Content = 2.42% sulfur27

Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash27

Number of Coal-Burning Dwelling Units (Allegheny County) = 18324

e = natural base

HDD = Heating Degree Days (Allegheny County) = 5,49423

VOC Emissions:

 

 

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

dwelling unit

e tons coal

dwelling units

year

ton coal

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

6.1539

2000

1

12,307.7791

0.003874 183

10

5494

1000 7.6414

  













































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000110 4 23

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 6.1539  0.000110 = 0.000675 tons VOC per day
18

CO Emissions:

 

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

dwelling unit

tons coal e dwelling units

year

tons coal

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

169.2320

2000

1

338,463.9245

0.003874 183

275

5494

1000 7.6414

  









































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0001104 23

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 169.2320  0.000110 = 0.01856 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor=0.005554 23

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 169.2320  0.00555 = 0.9389 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Coal Combustion:

  



















Number of State Facilities

Number of County Facilities Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor CoalConsumption

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 0.07 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year28; 1.3 lbs/ton 

bituminous coal/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 18 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year39; 33 lbs/ton bituminous 

coal/year39

CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year39; 11 lbs/ton bituminous 

coal/year39

Pb Emission Factor = 0.0089 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year39; 0.013182 lbs/ton 

bituminous coal/year39

SO2 Emission Factor =39 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year39 0.89% sulfur content 

= 34.71 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 38 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year39 

2.42% sulfur content = 91.96 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 2.3 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year39  13.38% ash 

content = 30.774 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 13.2 lbs/ton bituminous 

coal/year39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year39  13.38% ash 

content = 8.028 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 4.6 lbs/ton bituminous 

coal/year39

PM-CON Emission Factor = 0.08 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year39  13.38% ash 

content = 1.0704 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 1.04 lbs/ton bituminous 

coal/year39
19

Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89%27

Bituminous Coal Sulfur Content = 2.42%27

Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash27

Pennsylvania Coal Consumption = 512,636 tons25 26

Number of County Facilities (Allegheny County) = 24,6542

Number of Pennsylvania Facilities = 197,7952

Commercial/Institutional Coal Consumption:

25 26

tons

tons

tons

tons

State Coal Consumption Commercial Consumption

512,636

742,000

587,000 648,000

2000 Commercial and ResidentialConsumption

2002 Commercial and ResidentialConsumption

2000

  

 

VOC Emissions:

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

state facilities

county facilities

tons

year

ton bituminous coal

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

41.5331

2000

1

83,066.2561

197,795

24,654 512,636

1.3

  

  

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.001704

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 41.5331  0.00170 = 0.0705 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

tons COper year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions poundsCO per year

state facilities

county facilities

tons

year

ton bituminous coal

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

351.4342

2000

1

702,868.321

197,795

24,654 512,636

11

  

  

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.001704

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 351.4342  0.00170 = 0.5967 tons CO per day 

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.003974

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 351.4342  0.00397 = 1.3962 tons CO per day

Industrial Coal Combustion:
20   



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor CoalConsumption

The Industrial Coal Combustion emissions were calculated using the same emission factors as 

Commercial/Institutional Coal (see above).

where: 

Number of Allegheny County Employees =48,5442 3

Number of Pennsylvania Employees = 721,9022 3

Pennsylvania Coal Consumption = 42,900,812.75 tons25 26

Industrial Coal Consumption:

25 26

tons

tons

tons

tons

Other Industrial Consumption Annual Coal Report)

Other Industrial Consumption(Annual Coal Report) Industrial Consumption from State Energy Data

State Coal Consumption

42,900,812.75

3,498,000

3,121,000 48,083,000

2000 (

2002 2000

  





CO Emissions:

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

employees in state

employees in county

tons

year

ton bituminous coal

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

15,866.6603

2000

1

31,733,320.58

721,902

48,544 42,900,812.75

11

  

  

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002834

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 15,866.6603  0.00283 = 44.8538 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002834

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 15,866.6603  0.00283 = 44.8538 tons CO per day

COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER SOLVENT USE (SCC 2465000000)

This source category covers household products such as special naphthas, alcohols, carbonyls, 

and other organics that contain VOCs. There are no point sources associated with this category. 

County-level emissions were calculated using a composite per capita emission factor (see table 

below) and U.S. Bureau of the Census population data. The emission factor represents precontrol emission rates. A CE of 20 percent29 and an RP of 48.6 percent9 were applied to reflect 

the Federal Rule for consumer products. This yields a post-control VOC emission factor of 
21

7.078 lbs per capita which was used in all emission calculations. Each county’s emissions are 

estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SUBCATEGORY EMISSION FACTOR

Household Products 0.79 lbs/person/year

Personal Care Products 2.32 lbs/person/year

Automotive Aftermarket Products 1.36 lbs/person/year

Adhesives and Sealants 0.57 lbs/person/year

FIFRA-Regulated Products 1.78 lbs/person/year

Coatings and Related Products 0.95 lbs/person/year

Miscellaneous Products 0.07 lbs/person/year

Total (Pre-Control) 7.84 lbs/person/year

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor Population

where:

Emission Factor =7.84 lbs VOC/person/year30

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County)7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 20%29

RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% 9

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

4494.1598

2000

1

8,988,319.557

100

100

100

48.6

100

20 1,269,904 1

7.84

  













  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00274 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 4494.1598 0.00274 = 12.3128 tons VOC per day

COMMERCIAL COOKING (5 SCCs)

Chain-Driven (Conveyorized) Charbroilers SCC 2302002100; Under-Fired Charbroilers SCC 

2302002200; Flat Griddles SCC 2302002300; Clamshell Griddles SCC 2302002400; and DeepFat Fryers SCC 2302002500

Criteria pollutant annual emissions associated with commercial cooking were compiled from the 

2002 nonpoint source National Emissions Inventory (NEI).31 The 2002 NEI reports commercial 

cooking emissions in five SCCs, each of which represents a specific equipment type. Source 
22

categories comprise emissions from all meat types for a particular piece of equipment. The 

following types of meat are included: hamburger, steak, fish, pork, and chicken. Emissions for 

deep-fat frying of french fries were also estimated. With the exception of deep-fat frying of 

french fries, commercial cooking activity was developed from survey data obtained from a Public 

Research Institute (PRI) report on charbroiling activity estimation in the State of California.32 

Further details on the annual emission estimation methodology are available in the forthcoming 

2002 nonpoint source NEI documentation.31

The NEI reports emissions for the following criteria pollutants: VOC, CO, PM10-PRI, and 

PM25-PRI (note, however, that each pollutant is not reported for each equipment type). The 

sources of the commercial cooking criteria pollutant emission factors are documented in a report 

prepared for EPA.33

Because temporal allocation data were not developed for this category in the 2002 NEI, the 

default temporal data reported in the EMCH for SCC 2302002000 (Commercial Charbroiling) 

were applied to each commercial cooking SCC.4 These data were used to estimate both summer 

season and winter season work weekday emission estimates.

SAMPLE SEASONAL CALCULATIONS (CHAIN-DRIVEN CHARBROILERS):

Annual VOC emissions (Allegheny County) = 10.7792 tons VOC per year

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday 

allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 10.7792  0.00275 = 0.0296 tons VOC per day

Annual PM10-PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 43.0837 tons VOC per year

Winter work weekday PM10-PRI emissions = annual PM10-PRI emissions winter work 

weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Winter work weekday PM10-PRI emissions = 43.0837  0.00275 = 0.1185 tons VOC per day

COMPOSTING (3 SCCs) 

(Biosolids SCC 2680001000, Mixed Waste 2680002000, Green Waste 2680030000)

Composting refers to the use of both aerobic and anaerobic microbial processes to degrade waste 

materials for beneficial refuse. Compostable wastes include biosolids (sewage sludge), manure, 

green waste ( e.g., landscape trimmings, grass clippings), and other biodegradable materials such 

as food waste. Composting produces emissions of NH3, VOC, and methane. Emissions for each 

county were estimated using a biosolids-generation-based emission factor65. Figures on material 

composted were obtained from BioCycle’s nationwide survey34

Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below.

SAMPLE NH3 EMISSION CALCULATION:
23

Annual NH3 Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Tons material composted)

Where:

Emissions Factor = 3.28 lbs NH3/ton Biosolids 

2.81 lbs NH3/ton Mixed Waste 

0.82 lbs NH3/ton Green Waste

Tons Biosolids = 3,321.65 (Allegheny County) 

 tons Biosolids

year

lbs NH ton Biosolids Annual NH Emissions 3,321.65 3.28 3/

3 













Annual NH3 Emissions = 10895.012 * 

lbs

ton

2000

1

= 5.45 tons NH3/ year

DEGREASING (4 SCCs)

(Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) SCC 2415360000, Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) SCC 

2415300000, Electronics (Vapor/In-Line) SCC 2415230000, Other (Vapor/In-Line) SCC 

2415200000)

Surface cleaning, also known as “degreasing”, includes the solvent cleaning or conditioning of 

metal surfaces and parts, fabricated plastics, electronic and electrical components and other 

nonporous substrates. These cleaning processes are designed to remove foreign material, such as 

oils, grease, waxes and moisture, usually in the preparation for further treatment, such as painting, 

electroplating, galvanizing, anodizing or applying conversion coatings. Three basic types of 

surface cleaning operations are currently used: cold cleaning, vapor cleaning, and in-line or 

conveyorized cleaning, which can be either a cold or vapor cleaning process. VOC emission results

from the evaporation of solvents used in these processes.

Cold cleaning is a batch process in which solvents are applied at room temperature or slightly 

heated. Parts are immersed in a solvent, usually mineral spirits. Parts too large for immersion may 

be sprayed or wiped with a solvent. The primary cold cleaning application is cleaning of tools or 

metal parts at service and automotive repair stations and manufacturing facilities. Cold cleaning 

may incorporate covers or freeboards to limit the evaporative loss of solvents.

In-line cleaners use automated load systems (typically conveyors) to maintain a continuous feed to 

the cleaning unit. These units use both cold and vapor-cleaning methods as described above, with 

the majority being halogenated solvent cleaning systems. These units are used for large-scale 

operations and are usually enclosed except to the conveyor inlet or exit. A common application of 

in-line cleaners is cleaning printed circuit boards for the electronic and electrical component 

industries.

The Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) developed the following population-based 

methods for estimating degreasing emissions. Point source emissions, where present, were 

subtracted from these emission estimates. 
24

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor Population

where:

Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 2.5 lbs VOC/person/year35

Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 1.1 lbs 

VOC/person/year35

Electronics (Vapor/In-Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.21 lbs VOC/person/year35

Other (Vapor/In-Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.49 lbs VOC/person/year35

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County)7

Auto Repair Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66%36

Manufacturing Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66%36

Electronics Vapor/In-Line CE (Control Efficiency) = 63%36 37

Other Vapor/In-Line CE (Control Efficiency) = 63%36 37

All Categories RP (Rule Penetration) = 100%

All Categories RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80%

Allegheny County Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emissions Calculation:

 

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

749.2434

2000

1

1,498,486.72

100

80

100

100

100

66 1,269,904 1

2.5

  













  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions calculation for Allegheny County Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning):

Degreasing (all categories) summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00385 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 749.2434  0.00385 = 2.8817 tons VOC per day

DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000370)

Three types of dry cleaning operations are used: coin-operated facilities using perchloroethylene 

(perc); commercial/industrial facilities using perc; and commercial/industrial facilities using 

VOC solvents. As perc is no longer considered a VOC, only commercial/industrial facilities 

using VOC solvents are considered for the area source inventory. The first two categories are not 

included in the baseline inventory. They are, however, retained for use in the modeling inventory 

as required by EPA guidance. 
25

Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. Each 

county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below using a per capita emission 

factor and US Census Bureau population data. The emission factor was determined by the 

Department using 1990 survey data supplied by the industry (contacts with the Pennsylvania and 

Delaware Cleaners Association indicate that more recent data are not available).38

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population)

where:

Emission Factor = 0.15 lbs VOC/person/year38

Population = 1,269,904 (2002 Allegheny County)7

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

95.2428

2000

1

190,485.6

1,269,904

0.15

  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 95.2428 0.0028=0.2674 tons VOC per day

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in 

the coating process in the manufacture of electrical appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, 

laundry equipment, and electric housewares. Emissions for each county were estimated per the 

sample calculations below using an employment-based emission factor and the number of 

employees in the NAICS codes, 333414, 335211, 335212, 335221, and 335228. The number of 

employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns2and grown to 

2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth 

employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

3

 Point source emissions, where 

present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 463 lbs VOC/employee/year16

Employees = 150 (Allegheny County) 2 3
26

 

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

34.725

2000

1

69,450

150

463

  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 34.725 x 0.00275=0.0955 tons VOC per day

ELECTRICAL INSULATION (SCC 2401065000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in 

the insulation coatings applied to wire and cable. The emissions for each county were calculated 

using an employment-based emission factor and the number of employees in NAICS codes 

331422, 331491, 335311, 335921 and 335929. The number of employees in each county for 

2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns2and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 

total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

3

 Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample 

calculations below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 290 lbs VOC/employee/year16

Employees = 58 (Allegheny County)

2 3

 

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

8.41

2000

1

16820

58

290

  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002774

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 8.41 0.00277=0.0233 tons VOC per day
27

FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in 

the gluing and coating process. The emissions for each county were calculated using an 

employment-based emission factor and the number of employees in NAICS codes 32192, 33711, 

321211, 321212, 321213, 321911, 321918, 321992, and 321999. The number of employees in 

each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns2and grown to 2002 using the 

ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained 

from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

3

 Point source emissions, where present, were 

subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 131 lbs VOC/employee/year16

Employees =615 (Allegheny County)2 3

 

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

40.2825

2000

1

80565

615

131

  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 40.2825 x 0.0028=0.1141 tons VOC per day

FOREST FIRES (SCC 2810001000)

Forest fires in certain rural areas can produce very large, short-term emissions of VOC, NOx, and 

CO, SO2, and particulates. The emissions for each county were calculated using an emission 

factor from AP-4239 or the 1999 National Emissions Inventory40 and a loading factor from AP4239

. The number of acres burned was obtained from the Department of Conservation and 

Natural Resources.41 Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below. 

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Annual Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Acres Burned)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 24 lbs VOC/ton of flora/year

39
28

NOx Emission Factor = 4 lbs NOx/ton of flora/year39

CO Emission Factor = 140 lbs CO/ton of flora/year39

Loading Factor = 11 tons of flora/acre39

Acres Burned = 3.85 acres (Westmoreland County)41

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions poundsVOC per year

acres burned

acre

tons of flora

year

ton of flora

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

0.5082

2000

1

1016.4

3.85 11

24

  



































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00554

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.5082 0.0055=0.002795 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

acres burned

acre

tons of flora

year

ton of flora

lbsCO

Annual CO Emissions

2.9645

2000

1

5929

3.85 11

140

  







































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00554

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 2.9645 0.0055=0.0163 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.000564

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 2.9645 0.00056=0.0017 tons CO per day

FUEL OIL COMBUSTION (3 SCCs)

(Residential Distillate Fuel Oil SCC 2104004000, Commercial/Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil 

SCC 2103004000, Commercial/Institutional Residual Fuel Oil SCC 2103005000)

Distillate and residual oil combustion sources, which emit VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, Pb, and PM are 

grouped into three categories: Commercial/Institutional, Residential, and Industrial. Industrial 

source emissions are captured in the point source inventory. For Commercial sector categories, 

point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding 
29

county. Fuel oil emissions were calculated for each county using fuel use estimates derived by 

allocating Commonwealth consumption estimates from the Energy Information Administration 

to individual counties. The county allocations were performed using data obtained from the 

County Business Patterns and the U.S. Census Bureau. 

 

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential Distillate Fuel Oil:

Residential fuel oil usage was determined by allocating the total residential fuel oil use to each 

county. The residential fuel oil consumption was allocated by the ratio of dwelling units (DU) 

using distillate fuel oil in a county to the number of dwelling units burning distillate fuel oil in 

the Commonwealth. The following is the general equation for the calculation of usage for 

residential sources of fuel oil combustion. 

 



















State Fuel -Oil - Burning DU

County Fuel -Oil - Burning DU Annual Fuel Oil Usage PA Residential Distillate Fuel Oil Usage

where:

PA Residential Distillate Fuel Use = 829,470 thousands of gallons42

2000 County Fuel-Oil-Burning DUs = 8123 Dwelling Units (Allegheny 

County)7

2000 State Fuel-Oil-Burning DUs = 1,217,155 Dwelling Units7

VOC Emissions:

tons VOCper year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Dwelling Units

Dwelling Units thousands of gallons

gallons

lbsVOC Annual VOC Emissions

1.9375

2000

1

3874.9784

1,217,155

8123 829,470

1000

0.7

  

  

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0001654

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.9375 0.000165=0.000319 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

tons COper year

pounds

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

Dwelling Units

Dwelling Units thousands of gallons

gallons

lbsVOC Annual CO Emissions

13.8392

2000

1

27,678.4173

1,217,155

8123 829,470

1000

5

  

  

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0001654

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 13.8392 0.000165=0.00228 tons CO per day
30

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0006264

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 13.8392 0.00626=0.0866 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil:

The total amount of distillate fuel oil was apportioned to each county according to the number of 

commercial sector (i.e., SIC code 50-89) facilities. The number of commercial facilities in 2001 

was used for this allocation because 2001 data were the last year available.2 Total 

Commonwealth use was obtained from the Energy Information Administration.

42

 Each county’s 

emissions for commercial/institutional fuel oil combustion were estimated per the following 

sample calculations. 

  



















Number of State Facilities

Number of County Facilities Annual Emissions Emission Factor PACommercial / Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil Use

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.34 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 20 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

SO2 Emission Factor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year39  0.3% sulfur content = 

42.6 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

Lead Emission Factor = 0.001268 lbs/1000 gallons/yearError! Bookmark not 

defined.

Distillate Fuel Sulfur Content = 0.3%27

County Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County)2

Commonwealth Facilities = 197,7952

PA Commercial/Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil Use = 301,554,000 gallons42

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOCper year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Facilities

Facilities 301,554 thousands of gallons

year

gallons

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

6.3898

2000

1

12,779.5656

197,795

1000 24,654

0.34

  







































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.001704

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 6.3898  0.00170=0.0108 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:
31

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions poundsCO per year

Facilities

Facilities 301,554 thousands of gallons

year

gallons

lbsCO

Annual CO Emissions

93.9674

2000

1

187,934.7889

197,795

1000 24,654

5

  







































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.001704

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 93.9674  0.00170=0.1595 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00404

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 93.9674  0.0040=0.3733 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Residual Fuel Oil:

The total amount of residual fuel oil was apportioned to each county according to the number of 

commercial facilities, which was obtained from County Business Patterns.

2

 The total 

Commonwealth use was obtained from the Energy Information Administration.

42

 Each county’s 

emissions for commercial/institutional fuel oil combustion were estimated per the following 

sample calculations. 

  



















Number of State Facilities

Number of County Facilities Annual Emissions Emission Factor PACommercial Residual Fuel Oil Use

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 1.13 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 55 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

SO2 Emission Factor = 157 lbs/1000 gallons/year39  1.05% sulfur content = 

164.85 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 5.17 lbs/1000 gallons/year  0.19% ash content 

= 0.9823 lbs/1000 gallons/year

39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 1.92 lbs/1000 gallons/year  0.19% ash content 

= 0.3648 lbs/1000 gallons/year

39

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.5 lbs/1000 gallons/year

39

Lead Emission Factor = 0.00155 lbs/1000 gallons/yearError! Bookmark not 

defined.

Residual Fuel Sulfur Content = 1.05% 43

County Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County)2

Commonwealth Facilities = 197,7952

PA Commercial/Institutional Residual Fuel Oil Use = 16,597,000 gallons42
32

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOCper year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Facilities

Facilities 16,597 thousands of gallons

year

gallons

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

1.1688

2000

1

2337.6534

197,795

1000 24,654

1.13

  











































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.001704

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.1688  0.00170= 0.00198 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions poundsCO per year

Facilities

Facilities 16,597 thousands of gallons

year

gallons

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

5.1718

2000

1

10,343.5991

197,795

1000 24,654

5

  







































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 5.1718  0.00170=0.00878 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0040 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 5.1718  0.0040 = 0.0205 tons CO per day

GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs)

(Stage I SCC 2501060053, Stage II Uncontrolled SCC 2501060101, Stage II Controlled SCC 

2501060102, Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying SCC 2501060201, Truck 

Transit SCC 2505030120)

Gasoline marketing involves the operations typically associated with transporting gasoline from 

refineries to final consumption in gasoline-powered vehicles. Evaporative emissions of VOCs 

occur at all points in the distribution process. The operations that were inventoried as area 

sources are gasoline dispensing outlets and gasoline tank trucks in transit. Bulk terminals and 

outlets are inventoried as point sources. VOC emissions result from the following sources: 1) 
33

Stage I (tank truck unloading into underground storage tanks), 2) Stage II (vehicle fueling), 3) 

Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying, and 4) Truck Transit. 

Each category’s AP-42 emission factor is based on the average daily throughput that was 

calculated from monthly data obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue Bureau of 

Motor Fuel Taxes. The vehicle miles traveled (VMT), which were obtained from Dan Szekeres 

of the Baker Corporation44, was used to apportion the gasoline throughput to each county. 

Control efficiency (CE), rule penetration (RP), and rule effectiveness (RE) factors were applied 

to Stage I for each county to reflect the application of vapor balance systems. A RE factor was 

applied to Stage II to each regulated county. CE, RP, and RE factors were applied to 

Underground Storage Tank Breathing to reflect the application of pressure relief valves. There 

were no point sources for this source category. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the 

following sample calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Stage I:

  







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

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

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

State Annual VMT

County Annual VMT Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor State Annual Gasoline Sales

where: 

Emission Factor = 1.92 lbs VOC/1000 gallons39

State Annual Gasoline Sales = 5,238,145,337 gallons/year45

County Annual VMT = 8,836,074,725 miles (Allegheny County) 44

State Annual VMT = 97,021,666,321 miles44

Control Efficiency (CE) = 96%46 47

Rule Penetration (RP) = 96%46 47

Rule Effectiveness (RE) = 80%

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

miles

miles

day

gallons

gallons

lbs VOC Annual VOC Emissions

120.3185

2000

1

240,637.0855

100

80

100

96

100

96 1

97,021,666,321

5,238,145,337 8,836,074,725

1000

1.92

  

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

  

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

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

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

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

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales 

weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337 0.8333/65 = 0.00335 4 45

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 120.3185  0.00335 = 0.4035 tons VOC per day

Stage II:

Vehicle refueling VOC emissions are estimated using MOBILE6.2-based emission factors;48

monthly gasoline sales estimates;45 and county-level, annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) 

data.44 MOBILE6.2 provided monthly, emission factors for each county in Pennsylvania. 
34

MOBILE6.2 input files were set up to model refueling emission factors in a manner similar to 

that used for calculating onroad mobile source emissions for 2002. For each county, twelve 

monthly scenarios were modeled, along with an ozone season scenario and a winter scenario. 

These scenarios used the same 2002 monthly temperature and fuel inputs that were used in 

preparing onroad mobile source emissions. Each input file also called upon the external countyspecific age distribution file developed for 2002. No speed information or I/M program 

information was modeled, as these are not needed in the refueling calculations.

Stage II control program information was included for the counties with controls based on 

program information regarding control efficiency from Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania counties 

with Stage II controls are Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Bucks, Butler, Chester, Delaware, 

Fayette, Montgomery, Philadelphia, Washington, and Westmoreland.49 Vehicle-specific 

emission factors were then obtained in the database output format of MOBILE6.2. Using the 

fuel economy data and VMT fraction data contained in the MOBILE6.2 output files, the gram per 

mile emission factors were first converted to gram per gallon emission factors. These gram per 

gallon emission factors were then weighted according to the VMT fraction of each gasoline 

vehicle type to obtain monthly, county-specific gram per gallon emission factors weighted for all 

gasoline vehicle types. 

VMT data were used to allocate monthly Pennsylvania gasoline sales to each county. These are 

the same gasoline sales figures that are used to estimate Stage I emissions. The MOBILE6.2 

emission factors were then multiplied by the corresponding gasoline sales data to estimate 

refueling emissions. The VOC emissions calculations provide emissions at the county level for 

each month of 2002.

  

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

State VMT

County VMT Allegheny June VOC Emissions VOC Emission Factor Monthly State Gasoline Sales

where:

Allegheny County June Emission Factor = 1.027 grams/gallon48

PA June Gasoline Consumption =443,778,938 gallons45

Allegheny County 2002 VMT = 8,836,074,725 miles44

PA 2002 VMT = 97,021,666,321 miles44

 

  

   

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

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

Annual Allegheny County VOC Emissions Monthly Allegheny County Emissions tons VOC

tons VOC

lb

ton

g

lb Allegheny June VOC Emissions g VOC

miles

miles gallons

gallon

g VOC Allegheny June VOC Emissions

573.8276

45.7546

2000

1

453.59

1

41,507,615.1

97,021,666,321

8,836,074,725 443,778,938 1.027

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales 

weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer
35

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337 0.715/65 = 0.00288 4 45

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 573.8276  0.00288 = 1.6510 tons VOC per day

 

Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying:

  



















State Annual VMT

County Annual VMT Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor State Annual Gasoline Sales

where: 

Emission Factor = 1.0 lbs VOC/1000 gallons39

State Annual Gasoline Sales = 5,238,145,337 gallons/year45

County Annual VMT = 8,836,074,725 miles (Allegheny County) 44

State Annual VMT = 97,021,666,321 miles44

Control Efficiency (CE) = 90% 46 50

Rule Penetration (RP) = 96%46 50

Rule Effectiveness (RE) = 80%

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

miles

miles

day

gallons

gallons

lbs VOC Annual VOC Emissions

73.6572

2000

1

147,314.4698

100

80

100

96

100

90 1

97,021,666,321

5,238,145,337 8,836,074,725

1000

1.0

  





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





  









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

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

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



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

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

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

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales 

weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337 0.715/65 = 0.00288 4 45

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 73.6572  0.00288 = 0.2119 tons VOC per day

Truck Transit:

  











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

State Annual VMT

County Annual VMT Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor State Annual Gasoline Sales

where: 

Emission Factor = 0.06 lbs VOC/1000 gallons39

State Annual Gasoline Sales = 5,238,145,337 gallons/year45

County Annual VMT = 8,836,074,725 miles (Allegheny County) 44

State Annual VMT = 97,021,666,321 miles44

(The emission factor is based on the assumption that gasoline delivery is via single trips and 

accounts for both full and empty truck travel.)
36

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

miles

miles

day

gallons

gallons

lbs VOC Annual VOC Emissions

14.3116

2000

1

28,623.2831

97,021,666,321

5,238,145,337 8,836,074,725

1000

0.06

  



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

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

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

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

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



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales 

weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337 0.8333/65 = 0.00335 4 45

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 14.3116  0.00335 = 0.04799 tons VOC per day

GRAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000)

Graphic arts include operations that are involved in the printing of newspapers, magazines, 

books, and other printed material. Emissions of VOCs result from evaporation of solvents used 

in inks and cleaning. The emissions for each county were calculated using a per capita emission 

factor and U.S. Census Bureau population data. Point source emissions, where present, were 

subtracted from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population)

where:

Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs VOC/person/year16

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County)7

825.4376 tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions ,650,875.2 pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

  

 

2000

1

1

1,269,904

1.3

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 825.4376  0.0028=2.2904 tons VOC per day

HIGH PERFORMANCE INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE SOLVENT (SCC 2401100000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of solvents from 

surface coating of objects and materials that may exist in extreme conditions. There were no 

point sources. The emissions for each county were calculated using a per capita emission factor 
37

and U.S. Census Bureau population data. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the 

following sample calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor Population

where:

Emission Factor = 0.8 lbs VOC/person/year16

Population = 1,269,904 people (Allegheny County)7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 5

RP (Rule Penetration) = 100%

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton AnnualVOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbsVOC

AnnualVOC Emissions

406.3693

2000

1

812,738.56

1,269,904 1

0.8

100

100

100

100

100

2 0

  

     

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00356 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 406.3693  0.00356=1.4473 tons VOC per day

KEROSENE (2 SCCs)

(Residential Kerosene SCC 2104011000, Commercial/Institutional Kerosene SCC 2103011000)

Kerosene combustion sources, which emit VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, and PM are grouped into two 

area source categories: Commercial/Institutional and Residential (all Industrial sector kerosene 

emissions are assumed to be included in the point source inventory). Emissions were calculated 

for each county using emission factors and Energy Information Administration fuel use 

information. The EIA kerosene consumption data are reported for each State. Commonwealth 

consumption was allocated to counties using data obtained from the County Business Patterns

and the U.S. Census Bureau.

 

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential Kerosene:

The emissions for residential kerosene combustion were determined by allocating total 

residential kerosene consumption in the Commonwealth to each county. This allocation was 

performed using the ratio of dwelling units (DU) heating with kerosene in a county to the number 

of dwelling units heating with kerosene in the Commonwealth. The following is the general 

equation used to calculate emissions from residential kerosene combustion. 
38   

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





State Kerosene Burning DU

County Kerosene Burning DU Annual Emissions Emission Factor PA Residential Kerosene Fuel Oil Usage

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.7 lbs/1000 gallons/year27

NOx Emission Factor = 17.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year27

CO Emission Factor = 4.8 lbs/1000 gallons/year27

SO2 Emission Factor = 41.1 lbs/1000 gallons/year27

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PA Residential Kerosene Fuel Use = 83,366 thousands of gallons42

2000 County Kerosene-Burning DUs = 8123 Dwelling Units (Allegheny 

County)7

2000 State Kerosene-Burning DUs = 1,217,155 Dwelling Units7

VOC Emissions:

tons VOCper year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Dwelling Units

Dwelling Units thousands of gallons

gallons

lbsVOC Annual VOC Emissions

0.1947

2000

1

389.4553

1,217,155

8123 83,366

1000

0.7

  

  

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday VOC emissions =0.1947  0.00275=0.000536 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

tons COper year

pounds

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

Dwelling Units

Dwelling Units thousands of gallons

gallons

lbsVOC Annual CO Emissions

1.3353

2000

1

2670.5503

1,217,155

8123 83,366

1000

4.8

  

  

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 1.3353  0.00275=0.00367 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 1.3353  0.00275=0.00367 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Kerosene:
39

The total amount of fuel oil was apportioned to each county according to the number of 

commercial facilities, which was obtained from County Business Patterns.

2

 The total 

Commercial/Institutional kerosene consumption in the Commonwealth was obtained from the 

Energy Information Administration.42 The emission factors used for Commercial/Institutional 

Kerosene were the same as those used for Commercial/ Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil as per 

EIIP guidance. Each county’s emissions for commercial/institutional fuel oil combustion were 

estimated per the following sample calculations. 

  

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Number of State Facilities

Number of County Facilities Annual Emissions Emission Factor PACommercial KeroseneUse

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.34 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 20 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

SO2 Emission Factor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year39  0.3% sulfur content = 

42.6 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

Kerosene Sulfur Content = 0.3%27

County Commercial Sector Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County)2

Commonwealth Commercial Sector Facilities = 197,7952

Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Oil Use = 16,290 thousands of gallons42

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Facilities

Facilities 16,290 thousands of gallons

year

gallons

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

0.3452

2000

1

690.3544

197,795

1000 24,654

0.34

  





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









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



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002834

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.3452  0.00283 = 0.000976 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:
40

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions poundsCO per year

Facilities

Facilities 16,290 thousands of gallons

year

gallons

lbsCO

Annual CO Emissions

5.0761

2000

1

10152.2703

197,795

1000 24,654

5

  





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

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

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002834

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 5.0761  0.00283 = 0.0143 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002834

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 5.0761  0.00283 = 0.0143 tons CO per day

LANDFILLS (SCC 2620030000)

Municipal solid waste landfills receive primarily household and/or commercial waste. The VOC 

emissions from landfills are produced by volatilization, chemical reaction, and biological 

decomposition of refuse material. 

The emissions were calculated using the total amount of refuse in Pennsylvania’s municipal solid 

waste landfills, not the landfills’ capacity. Since landfills continue to emit VOCs long after they 

are closed (at least 20 years), data from active and inactive landfills were collected.

For active landfills, data from page two of the 2002 “Annual Facility Capacity Report” for each 

landfill were collected. In particular, Total Waste Accepted was needed for the final emissions 

calculation.

Several landfills that were included in the 1996 Pennsylvania area source inventory were not 

included in the compilation of 2002 facility reports provided by PA DEP. After confirming with 

PA DEP that these landfills are inactive (in a few cases the landfills had merely been renamed), 

the 1996 Total Waste Accepted data for these now-closed landfills were incorporated into the 

2002 inventory.

Total Waste Accepted was summed at the county level to calculate the total landfill emissions in 

each county. The emissions estimate was adjusted for precipitation. Each county’s emissions 

were estimated per the following sample calculation.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Precipitation Adjustment Factor)(Tons of Waste)
41

where:

Emission Factor = 13.6 tons VOC/1,000,000 tons of waste

Precipitation Adjustment Factor = 2.6

Amount of Waste = 19,422,841.6 tons of waste (Allegheny County)

  

Annual VOC Emissions tons VOC per year

tons of waste

year

tons waste

tons VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

686.7917

2.6 19,422,841.6

1,000,000

13.6











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

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

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 686.7917  0.00275 = 1.8887 tons VOC per day

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in 

the coating process in manufacturing facilities, such as engines, turbines, farm and garden 

equipment, computers, and office machinery. The emissions for each county were calculated 

using an employment-based emission factor and employee data from NAICS Codes 333 (except 

333314 and 333315), 33271, 332991, 332997, 3341, and 336391. The number of employees in 

each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns2and grown to 2002 using the 

ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained 

from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

3

 Point source emissions, where present, were 

subtracted from the Machinery and Equipment category emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 77 lbs VOC /employee/year16

Employees = 4944 employees (Allegheny County)2 3

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

190.344

2000

1

380,688

4944

77

  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002774
42

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 190.344  0.00277 = 0.5282 tons VOC per day

MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000)

This source category includes ship and boat building and repairing. The emissions were 

calculated using an employment-based emission factor and employee data from NAICS code 

33661. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business 

Patterns2and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 

total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

3

 Each 

county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations below. Point source 

emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 308 lbs VOC /employee/year16

Employees = 52 employees (Allegheny County)2 3

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Employees

year

Employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

8.008

2000

1

16,016

52

308

  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 8.008  0.0028 = 0.0222 tons VOC per day

METAL CANS (SCC 2401040000)

This source category includes the manufacturing of metal cans, barrels, drums, kegs, and pails. 

The emissions from point sources, where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the 

corresponding county. The emissions for each county were calculated per the calculation below 

using an employment-based emission factor and employee data from NAICS Codes 332431 and 

332439. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business 

Patterns2and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 

total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

3

 Point 

source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:
43

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) 

where:

Emission Factor = 6,029 lbs VOC/employee/year16

Employees =48 employees (Allegheny County)2 3

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Employees

year

Employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

144.696

2000

1

289,392

48

6,029

  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 144.696  0.0028 = 0.4015 tons VOC per day

METAL FURNITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401025000)

This source category includes manufacturing metal household and office furniture, such as beds, 

cabinets, desks, bookcases, and chairs. The emissions for each county were calculated per the 

sample calculations below using an employment-based emission factor and employee data for 

NAICS codes 337121, 337124, 337214, and 337215. The number of employees in each county 

for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns2and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 

2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).3 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from 

these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 1,597 lbs VOC /employee/year16

Employees = 487 employees (Allegheny County)2 3
44

 

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

388.8695

2000

1

777,739

487

1,597

  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 388.8695  0.0028 = 1.0790 tons VOC per day

MISCELLANEOUS FINISHED METAL (SCC 2401050000)

This source category includes facilities which enamel, lacquer, and/or varnish metals. The 

emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an 

employment-based emission factor and employee data from NAICS Codes 332812, 339911, 

339912, and 339914. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from 

County Business Patterns2and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth 

employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS).

3

 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 2,877 lbs VOC/employee/year16

Employees = 683 employees (Allegheny County)2 3

 

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

982.4955

2000

1

1,964,991

683

2877

  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 982.4955  0.0028 = 2.7262 tons VOC per day
45

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090000)

This source category includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing products not 

classified in any other group such as jewelry, silverware, musical instruments, dolls, toys, games, 

pens, pencils, buttons, brooms, and caskets. The emissions for each county were calculated per 

the sample calculations below using a per capita emission factor and U.S. Census Bureau 

population data. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission 

estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population)

where:

Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs VOC/person/year16

Population =1,269,904 (Allegheny County)7

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

380.9712

2000

1

761,942.4

1,269,904

0.6

  



























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday VOC Emissions = 380.9712  0.0028 = 1.0633 tons VOC per day

NATURAL GAS AND LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) (4 SCCs)

(Residential Natural Gas SCC 2104006000, Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas SCC 

2103006000, Residential LPG SCC 2104007000, Commercial/Institutional LPG SCC 

2103007000)

Natural gas and LPG are used in residential, commercial/institutional, and industrial facilities. 

Industrial natural gas and LPG consumption is considered to be covered in the point source 

inventory. Area source natural gas and LPG emissions were estimated using fuel consumption 

data and AP-42 emission factors. Because monthly natural gas consumption data were available, 

these data were used in developing the summer and winter season work weekday allocation 

factors. Consumption data were apportioned according to the number of dwelling units heating 

with natural gas/LPG, which was available from U.S. Census Bureau data (for residential 

sources), and according to the number of commercial sector facilities, obtained from County 

Business Patterns (for commercial/institutional sources). Commercial and Residential LPG 

consumption was not available for 2002; therefore, the 2001 consumption was grown to 2002 by 
46

applying the ratio of 2002 Commercial/Residential propane sales in Pennsylvania to 2001 

Commercial/Residential propane sales in the Commonwealth. Commercial LPG consumption in 

2001 was obtained from the Energy Information Administration’s State Energy Data 2001. 

Propane sales for 2001 and 2002 were obtained from Petroleum Marketing Annual.51 52 Each 

county’s emissions were estimated using the sample calculations below. For Commercial sector 

categories, point sources, where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the 

corresponding county.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Natural Gas:

Residential Natural Gas:

  

















 

Natural - Gas- Burning State Dwelling Units

Natural - Gas- Burning CountyDwellingUnits

Annual Emissions EmissionFactor StatewideResidential NaturalGasConsumption

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMcf (million cubic feet)/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 94 lbs/MMcf/year39

CO Emission Factor = 40 lbs/MMcf/year39

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMcf/year39

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/MMcf/year39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor =1.9 lbs/MMcf/year39

PM-CON Emission Factor =5.7 lbs/MMcf/year39

Pb Emission Factor = 0.0005 lbs/MMcf/year39

Residential Natural Gas Consumption = 237,640 MMcf 53

County Dwelling Units Heating with Natural Gas = 474,292 (Allegheny County)7

State Dwelling Units Heating with Natural Gas = 2,452,941 units7

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

state dwelling units

county dwelling units MMcf

year

MMcf

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

126.3604

2000

1

252,720.7666

2,452,941

474,292 237,640

5.5

  







































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00078354

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 126.3604  0.000783 = 0.0989 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:
47

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

state dwelling units

county dwelling units MMcf

year

MMcf

lbs VOC

Annual CO Emissions

918.9846

2000

1

1,837,969.211

2,452,941

474,292 237,640

40

  







































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00078354

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 918.9846  0.000783 = 0.7196 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor =0.0052654

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 918.9846  0.00526 = 4.8370 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas:

  



















StateCommercialUnits

CountyCommercialUnits Annual Emissions EmissionFactor PA CommercialNaturalGasConsumption

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMcf (million cubic feet)/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 100 lbs/MMcf/year39

CO Emission Factor = 84 lbs/MMcf/year39

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMcf/year39

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/MMcf/year39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/MMcf/year39

PM-CON Emission Factor = 5.7 lbs/MMcf/year39

Pb Emission Factor = 0.0005 lbs/MMcf/year39

Commercial Natural Gas Consumption = 148,346 MMcf 53

County Commercial Sector Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County)2

Commonwealth Commercial Sector Facilities = 197,7952

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

state commercial units

county commercial units MMcf

year

MMcf

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

50.8488

2000

1

101,697.5786

197,795

24,654 148,346

5.5

  







































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor =0.0012555

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 50.8488 0.00125 = 0.0634 tons VOC per day
48

CO Emissions:

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

state commercial units

county commercial units MMcf

year

MMcf

lbsCO

Annual CO Emissions

776.5997

2000

1

1,553,199.382

197,795

24,654 148,346

84

  







































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0012555

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 776.5997 0.00125 = 0.9683 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor =0.0047855

Winter work weekday CO emissions =776.5997 0.00478 = 3.7121 tons CO per day

LPG:

Residential LPG:

  





















 

LPG Burning State Dwelling Units

LPG Burning County Dwelling Units

Annual Emissions Emission Factor Residentia l LPG Consumption

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.5 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 14 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

CO Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.1 lbs/1000 gallons/year39  0.54 grains/100 cubic feet 

= 0.054 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM-CON Emission Factor = 0.506 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

Residential LPG Sulfur Content = 0.54 grains/100 cubic feet27

Residential LPG Consumption = 157,014,873.6 gallons25 51 52

County Dwelling Units Heating with LPG = 4317 units (Allegheny County)7

Commonwealth Dwelling Units Heating with LPG = 145,254 units7

Residential LPG Consumption Calculation:

25 51 52
49

gallons LPG

barrel

gallons

. thousand barrels LPG

thousand barrels LPG

thousand gallons LPG per day

. thousand gallons LPG per day

. thousand barrels LPG

PA PropaneConsumption

PA PropaneConsumption

Residentia l LPG Consumption Residentia l LPG Consumption

157,014,873.6

1

42 3738 449

3738.449

765.9

822 8

3479 92024

2001

2002 2002 (2001 )

 



 

 

Data Sources for Residential LPG Consumption Calculation:

2001 Residential LPG Consumption25

2002 PA Propane Consumption51

2001 PA Propane Consumption43

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

county dwelling units

county dwelling units gallons

year

gallons

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

1.1666

2000

1

2333.2687

145,254

4,317 157,014,873.61000

0.5

  











































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.1666 0.00275 = 0.00321 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

county dwelling units

county dwelling units gallons

year

gallons

lbs VOC

Annual CO Emissions

4.4332

2000

1

8866.4209

145,254

4,317 157,014,873.61000

1.9

  











































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 4.4332  0.00275 = 0.0122 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 4.4332  0.00275 = 0.0122 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional LPG:
50   



















StateCommercialUnits

CountyCommercialUnits Annual Emissions EmissionFactor CommercialLPGConsumption

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.5 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 14 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

CO Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.1 lbs/1000 gallons/year39 0.54 grains/100 cubic feet 

= 0.054 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

PM-CON Emission Factor = 0.506 lbs/1000 gallons/year39

Commercial/Institutional LPG Sulfur Content = 0.54 grains/100 cubic feet27

Commercial LPG Consumption = 1,380,620.1 gallons25 51 52 (computed in the 

same manner as Residential LPG Consumption above)

County Commercial Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County)2

Commonwealth Commercial Facilities = 197,795 units2

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

state commercial units

county commercial units gallons

year

gallons

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

0.0430

2000

1

86.0431

197,795

24,654 1,380,620.11000

0.5

  











































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.0430 0.0028 = 0.000122 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

state commercial units

county commercial units gallons

year

gallons

lbsCO

Annual CO Emissions

0.1635

2000

1

326.9640

197,795

24,654 1,380,620.11000

1.9

  











































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 0.1635  0.0028 = 0.000462 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00284
51

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 0.1635  0.0028 = 0.000462 tons CO per day

OPEN BURNING (5 SCCs)

(Residential Municipal Solid Waste Open Burning SCC 2610030000; Residential Leaf Open 

Burning SCC 2610000100; Residential Brush Open Burning SCC 2610000400; 

Commercial/Institutional Open Burning SCC 2610020000, Industrial Open Burning SCC 

2610010000)

Open burning can be done in open drums or baskets, in fields and yards, and in large open dumps 

or pits. Materials commonly disposed of in this manner include municipal waste, auto body 

components, landscape refuse, agricultural field refuse, wood refuse, bulky industrial refuse, and 

leaves. For emission inventory purposes, Open Burning is divided into five categories: 

Residential Municipal Solid Waste (MSW); Residential Leaf; Residential Brush; 

Commercial/Institutional; and Industrial.

Criteria pollutant annual emissions associated with three of the Residential Open Burning 

categories (i.e., MSW, Leaf, and Brush) were compiled from an inventory prepared for the MidAtlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU).56

 Because the MANE-VU estimates were 

prepared at the Census tract level, it was necessary to aggregate these estimates to the countylevel. In many cases, it was necessary to develop a county-level RP value by weighting MANEVU inventory Census tract level RP values by Census tract emissions. Seasonal emission 

estimates were calculated from the annual estimates using the temporal allocation profiles 

developed in the MANE-VU inventory project.

Annual emission estimates for Commercial/Institutional and Industrial Open Burning were 

calculated in this project using AP-42 emission factors and population and employment based 

emission activity loading factors.16 39 U.S. Census Bureau population data were used in the 

Residential and Commercial/Institutional calculations, while the number of Manufacturing 

employees (NAICS 31-33) was used for the Industrial category. The 2001 Manufacturing sector 

employment data from County Business Patterns2 was grown to 2002 using the ratio of the 2002 

Pennsylvania Manufacturing sector employment to the 2001 Pennsylvania Manufacturing sector 

employment obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.3 Seasonal Commercial/Institutional 

and Industrial emission estimates were developed by applying temporal allocation profiles from 

EPA’s EMCH to the annual emission estimates.4 Commercial/Institutional and Industrial Open 

Burning are prohibited in the Commonwealth. An 80 percent RE value was applied to each 

county’s Commercial/Institutional and Industrial emissions to reflect less than 100 percent 

compliance with the burning ban.57 For the Industrial and Commercial sector source categories, 

point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

The following provides samples of the emission calculations performed in this effort for each of 

the five open burning categories.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:
52

Residential MSW Open Burning:

(See MANE-VU inventory report for discussion of annual emission calculations)56

Annual VOC emissions (Allegheny County) = 0.3823 tons VOC per year

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002156

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.3823 0.0021 = 0.0008 tons VOC per day

Annual PM10-PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 1.6979 tons VOC per year

Winter work weekday PM10-PRI emissions = annual PM10-PRI emissions winter work weekday 

allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002156

Winter work weekday PM10-PRI emissions = 1.6979  0.0021 = 7.2489 tons VOC per day

Residential Leaf Open Burning:

(See MANE-VU inventory report for discussion of annual emission calculations)56

Because the summer and winter season work weekday allocation factors for leaf burning are 0, 

summer season work weekday and winter season work weekday emissions are 0.

Residential Brush Open Burning:

(See MANE-VU inventory report for discussion of annual emission calculations)56

Annual VOC emissions (Allegheny County) = 0.2263 tons VOC per year

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000556

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.2263 0.0005 = 0.0001 tons VOC per day

Annual PM10-PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 0.235 tons VOC per year

Winter work weekday PM10-PRI emissions = annual PM10-PRI emissions winter work weekday 

allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.001756

Winter work weekday PM10-PRI emissions = 0.235  0.0017 = 0.00004 tons VOC per day

Commercial/Institutional Open Burning:

    











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual Emissions EmissionFactor LoadingFactor Population

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 30 lbs VOC/ton waste/year39
53

NOx Emission Factor = 6 lbs NOx/ton waste/year39

CO Emission Factor = 85 lbs CO/ton waste/year39

Loading Factor = 24 tons waste/1000 people39

Population = 94,437 people (Adams County – this is non-air basin county)7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 100%57

RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% 

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80%57

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

, people

people

tons waste

year

ton waste

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

6.7995

2000

1

13,598.928

100

80

100

100

100

100 94 437 1

1000

24

30

  













  







































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 6.7995 0.00275 = 0.0187 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

, people

people

tons waste

year

ton waste

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

19.2651

2000

1

38,530.296

100

80

100

100

100

100 94 437 1

1000

24

85

  













  







































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday CO emissions =19.2651 0.00275 = 0.0530 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 19.2651  0.00275 = 0.0530 tons CO per day

Industrial Open Burning:

    











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual Emissions EmissionFactor LoadingFactor Employees

where:

Emission Factors are the same as for Commercial/Institutional Open Burning

Loading Factor = 160 tons waste/1000 employees39
54

Employees = 8,216 employees (Adams County – this is non-air basin county) 2 3

Control Efficiency = 100%57

Rule Penetration = 100% 

Rule Effectiveness = 80%57

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

employees

tons waste

year

ton waste

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

3.9437

2000

1

7887.36

100

80

100

100

100

100 8216 1

1000

160

30

  



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

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  

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

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

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







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









Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 3.9437  0.00275 = 0.0108 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

employees

employees

tons waste

year

ton waste

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

11.1738

2000

1

22,347.52

100

80

100

100

100

100 8216 1

1000

160

85

  













  











































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday CO emissions =11.1738  0.00275 = 0.0307 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 11.1738  0.00275 = 0.0307 tons CO per day

OTHER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATING (SCC 2401200000)

This category includes special purpose coatings used for applications such as maintenance 

operations at industrial and other facilities, auto refinishing, traffic paints, marine finishes, and 

aerosol sprays. Note that this category covers those specific coating processes not already 

included in other source categories (e.g., High Performance Industrial Maintenance Coatings). 

Emissions for this category were estimated using a per capita emission factor and U.S. Bureau of 

the Census population data. Each county’s emissions were calculated per the following sample 

calculations. 
55

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor Population

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.8 lbs VOC/person/year16

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County)7

Control Efficiency = 20% 5

Rule Penetration = 100%

Rule Effectiveness = 100%

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

406.3693

2000

1

812,738.56

100

100

100

100

100

20 1,269,904 1

0.8

  



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







  



















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

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00356 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 406.3693  0.00356 = 1.4473 tons VOC per day

OTHER TRANSPORTATION (SCC 2401085000)

This source category includes the finishing of vehicles and vehicle parts not included in other 

source categories (note that area source emissions were not estimated for the Motor Vehicle 

Surface Coating category because all Pennsylvania automobile assembly plants are assumed to be 

included in the point source inventory). The emissions for each county were calculated per the 

sample calculations below using an employment-based emission factor and employee data from 

NAICS Codes 33633, 33634, 33635, 333924, 336312, 336322, 336399, 336411, 336413, and 

33651. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business 

Patterns2and grown to 2002 using the ratio or 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 

total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.3 Point source 

emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. Note that emissions 

for this category are reported using the Railroad SCC because there is no “Other Transportation” 

SCC.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 35 lbs VOC/employee/year16

Employees = 2556 employees (Allegheny County)2 3
56

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

44.73

2000

1

89,460

2556

35

  



















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

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00287 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 44.73  0.00287 = 0.1282 tons VOC per day

PESTICIDE APPLICATION (SCC 2461800000)

Pesticides, which contain petroleum solvents and synthetic organic ingredients, are used to kill or 

retard the growth of insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, or microorganisms. The bulk of pesticide 

application is associated with agriculture and, therefore, occurs in rural areas. The VOC 

emissions for each county were estimated using an emission factor based on the number of 

harvested acres. Harvested acreage data were obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service.58

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Acres Harvested)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 3.5 lbs VOC /acre harvested/year16

Acres Harvested = 10,527.2490 acres harvested (Allegheny County)58

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

acres harvested

year

acres harvested

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

18.4227

2000

1

36,845.3716

10,527.2490

3.5

  









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

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











Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002774

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 18.4227 0.00277 = 0.0510 tons VOC per day

PORTABLE GASOLINE CONTAINERS (SCC 2501060300)

This category covers emissions from residential and commercial sector portable gasoline 

containers. This category accounts for permeation, diurnal, transport, spillage, and vapor 
57

displacement emissions. Permeation, diurnal, and transport emissions are based on daily 

gasoline container throughput data. Gasoline throughput for 2002 was estimated based on gas 

container population and use data obtained from a California Air Resources Board survey.59 The 

year 2002 residential container population was estimated from the county-level number of 

occupied housing units.60 For counties for which 2002 occupied housing units data were not 

available, 2000 year housing units data61 were projected to 2002 based on county population 

growth rates.7 The year 2002 commercial container population was estimated from the number 

of commercial sector businesses.62 County-level nonroad equipment gasoline consumption 

estimates were obtained from the NONROAD model.63 

County-level year 2002 housing unit, commercial facility, and gasoline throughput data were 

then used in the emission calculation procedures described in Control Measure Development 

Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules.9 For the permeation, diurnal, 

and transport emission processes, these procedures result in daily emission estimates for both 

residential and commercial. These emissions were converted to annual emissions by multiplying 

by 214 days based on the assumption that nonroad equipment is fueled via gas containers 

primarily between April and October. The resulting annual emission estimates were then added 

to the spillage and vapor displacement annual emissions estimates, which were developed from 

annual NONROAD model gasoline consumption data, to yield total portable gasoline container 

annual emissions for each county. Summer season work weekday allocation factors were 

developed from the NONROAD model temporal allocations and applied to the annual emissions 

estimates to obtain summer season workday emissions.63

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

For Allegheny County:

Annual Permeation,Diurnal,and TransportVOC Emissions Daily Emissions 214 days

where (calculated using Ozone Transport Commission methods):

Allegheny Residential Permeation VOC Emissions = 299,065.1043 g/day

Allegheny Residential Diurnal VOC Emissions = 2,582,567.049 g/day

Allegheny Residential Transport VOC Emissions = 141,733.9079 g/day

Allegheny Commercial Permeation VOC Emissions = 41,816.3711 g/day

Allegheny Commercial Diurnal VOC Emissions = 408,285.9064 g/day

Allegheny Commercial Transport VOC Emissions = 255,584.0428 g/day

Annual Permeation, Diurnal, and Transport VOC Emissions = 3,729,052.382 g/day  214 

Annual Permeation, Diurnal, and Transport VOC Emissions = 798,017,209.6 g/year

Total Annual Emissions = Annual Permeation, Diurnal, and Transport Emissions + Annual 

Spillage Emissions + Annual Vapor Displacement Emissions

where:

Spillage VOC Emissions = 307,338,392.7 g/year

Vapor Displacement VOC Emissions = 93,509,532.4 g/year
58

Total Annual Emissions = 798,017,209.6 g/year + 307,338,392.7 g/year + 93,509,532.4 g/year

Total Annual Emissions = 1,198,865,134.7 g/year 

g

ton

907,184.74

1

 = 1,321.5226 tons/year

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month proportion weekday ratio/number of 

weekdays in summer

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.3600 0.692/65 = 0.00383 63

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1321.5226 0.00383 = 5.0639 tons VOC per day

REFRIGERANT LOSSES (SCC 2399010000)

This source category covers industrial refrigerant losses from refrigeration equipment used in 

such industries as ice cream manufacturing, meat packing plants, ice manufacturing, and 

refrigerated warehousing. Losses occur in both the normal use of refrigeration systems and 

during malfunctions. Emissions for each county were estimated using an employment-based 

emission factor64,65 and the number of employees in the following NAICS codes: 311611, 

311612, 311613, 311615, 311512-311514, 31152, 311411, 311412, 311421-311423, 31181, 

31132, 31133, 31211-31213, 31171, 312113, 311991, 311999, 325211, 49312, 311612, 42281, 

42282. The number of employees in each county was obtained from County Business Patterns66

and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total 

Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Each county’s 

emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below.

SAMPLE NH3 EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual NH3 Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees in Sector)

Where:

Emission Factor = 30 lbs NH3/ employee/ year

Employees = 8265 (Allegheny County)

 employees

year

lbs NH employee Annual NH Eissions 8265 30 3/

3 













Annual NH3 Emissions = 247,950 pounds NH3 per year * 

lbs

ton

2000

1

= 123.975 tons NH3/ year
59

PORTABLE GAS CONTAINERS

This category covers emissions from portable gas container use, both commercial and 

residential. Emission estimates account for permeation, diurnal, transport-spillage, 

spillage, and vapor displacement emissions. Estimated use data is based on survey 

information from the California Air Resources Board. The number of housing units is 

used as an indicator for residential containers. The number of commercial businesses 

expected to have at least one gas container is used to estimate commercial use. Emissions 

for 1996 were taken from estimates developed for the analysis of the OTC Model Rules29. 

Emissions were then projected to 1999 using population as the growth indicatoPUBLIC 

OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (3 SCCs)

Public Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) are wastewater treatment plants typically owned by 

municipalities. Emissions are calculated for three POTW processes: POTW Wastewater 

Treatment Processes (SCC 2630020010), POTW Biosolids Processes (SCC 2630020020), and 

Biosolids Land Application (SCC 2630050000). Biosolids are recyclable solid, semisolid, or 

liquid untreated residue from sewage treatment in a wastewater treatment plant.

Although both VOC and NH3 emissions result from each of the three processes included in this 

category, VOC emissions are only estimated for POTW Wastewater Treatment Processes (SCC 

2630020010) because of the lack of VOC emission factors for the other processes. Annual NH3

emission estimates were taken from an on-going Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union 

(MANE-VU) inventory development project. As part of this Pennsylvania inventory effort, 

annual VOC emissions were estimated for the POTW Wastewater Treatment Processes category 

using the MANE-VU project Pennsylvania emission activity data (total POTW flow) and an AP42 sewage treatment emission factor.28

 Summer season work weekday emissions were 

calculated for each process using a summer season work weekday allocation factor based on EIIP 

temporal allocation guidance.1

Year 2000 POTW flow data for Pennsylvania facilities were obtained from the EPA Office of 

Wastewater Management’s year 2000 Clean Watersheds Needs Survey.67 Year 2002 wastewater 

flow was estimated from the county population change between 2000 and 2002.7 Year 2000 

statewide biosolids generation was obtained from BioCycle 2000.68 Facility-level biosolids 

production was estimated based on allocating State generation using facility-level wastewater 

flow rates. Year 2002 biosolids generation was estimated by applying Bureau of Census county 

population growth rates to year 2000 generation.7 Land application of total biosolids generation 

was calculated by multiplying total generation by 55 percent, which represents the percentage of 

total Pennsylvania biosolids generation applied to land.68 Further information on the annual 

emission estimation methods for the processes in this category will be available in a forthcoming 

report prepared for MANE-VU. Where present, point source emissions were subtracted from the 
60

emissions of the corresponding county. Each county’s emissions were calculated per the 

following sample calculations.

SAMPLE VOC CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions  EmissionFactorCounty Wastewater Flow

where:

Emission Factor = 8.9 lbs VOC/millions of gallons flow

Flow = 75,290.54 million gallons (Allegheny County)

 

tons VOC

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions lbs

E6 gallons lbs

year

million gallons

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

335.04

2000

1

670,085.81

75,290.54 670,085.81

8.9











































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.003851

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 335.04  0.00385 = 1.2899 tons VOC per day

SAMPLE NH3 CALCULATION:

Annual NH3 Emissions  G x EF NH3/ 2000

Where:

G = Annual amount of wastewater processed (MMgal) = 75,290 (Allegheny Co.)

EFNH3 = Ammonia emission factor of 0.027 lb/ MMgal (Pechan, 2004a)64

Annual NH3 Emissions = 

75,290 MMgal x 0.027 lb NH3/ 2000

= 1.016415 Tons NH3

RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION (7 SCCs)

(Fireplaces: Without Inserts SCC 2104008001; Fireplaces: Inserts - Catalytic, non-EPA-certified 

SCC 2104008002; Fireplaces: Inserts - Non-catalytic, EPA-certified SCC 2104008003; 

Fireplaces: Inserts - Catalytic, EPA-certified SCC 2104008004; Woodstoves - Conventional 

SCC 2104008010; Woodstoves - Catalytic SCC 2104008030; and Woodstoves - Non-catalytic 

SCC 2104008050)
61

Criteria pollutant annual emissions associated with residential heating with wood were compiled 

from the 2002 nonpoint source National Emissions Inventory (NEI).31 The 2002 NEI reports 

residential wood combustion emissions in seven SCCs, each of which representing a specific 

combustion equipment type. The NEI reports emissions for the following criteria pollutants: 

VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM25-PRI. The NEI residential wood combustion 

emission estimation methodology is based on the national population of each equipment type and 

an estimate of the amount of wood burned in each type of equipment. The national wood 

combustion estimates by equipment type were then allocated to counties using a number of steps. 

These steps incorporated information on heating degree days by climate zone, and the urban/rural 

designation and number of single-family detached homes in each county. Further details on the 

annual emission estimation methodology are available in a forthcoming 2002 nonpoint source 

NEI document. 31

The majority of the residential wood combustion emission factors were obtained from EPA's AP42 document.39

 County-level seasonal throughput percentages developed for the 2002 NEI were 

applied in this effort to estimate winter season work weekday emissions (no residential wood 

combustion activity was allocated to summer season months).

SAMPLE SEASONAL CALCULATION (FIREPLACES WITHOUT INSERTS):

Annual PM10-PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 59.8205 tons VOC per year

Winter work weekday PM10-PRI emissions = annual PM10-PRI emissions winter work weekday 

allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0044

Winter work weekday VOC emissions = 59.8205  0.0044 = 0.2632 tons VOC per day

PORTABLE GAS CONTAINERS

This category covers emissions from portable gas container use, both commercial and 

residential. Emission estimates account for permeation, diurnal, transport-spillage, 

spillage, and vapor displacement emissions. Estimated use data is based on survey 

information from the California Air Resources Board. The number of housing units is 

used as an indicator for residential containers. The number of commercial businesses 

expected to have at least one gas container is used to estimate commercial use. Emissions 

for 1996 were taken from estimates developed for the analysis of the OTC Model Rules29. 

Emissions were then projected to 1999 using population as the growth indicatoSOLID 

WASTE INCINERATION (2 SCCs)

(Commercial/Institutional Solid Waste Incineration SCC 2601020000, Industrial Solid Waste 

Incineration SCC 2601010000)
62

Solid waste may consist of any discarded solid materials from commercial or industrial sources. 

The materials may be combustible or noncombustible, and are often burned to reduce bulk, 

unless direct burial is either available or practical. The resulting pollutants for the purpose of this 

inventory are VOC, NOx, and CO. On-site incineration is the confined burning of waste leaves, 

landscape refuse, or other refuse or rubbish. Slash and large scale agricultural open burning are 

not included in this emission category.

The emissions for each county were estimated per the sample calculations below using emission 

factors and loading factors from AP-42, population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, and 

employee data from County Business Patterns. Point source emissions, where present, were 

subtracted from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Commercial/Institutional Solid Waste Incineration:

Annual Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Population)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 9.8 lbs VOC/ton waste burned/year39

NOx Emission Factor = 3.7 lbs NOx/ton waste burned/year39

CO Emission Factor = 37 lbs CO/ton waste burned/year39

Loading Factor = 54 tons/1000 people39

Population = 1,269,904 people (Allegheny County)7

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

, , people

people

tons waste

year

ton waste burned

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

336.0166

2000

1

672,033.1968

1 269 904

1000

54

9.8

  







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





















Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 336.0166 0.00275 = 0.9240 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:
63

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

, , people

people

tons waste

year

ton waste burned

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

1268.6341

2000

1

2,537,268.192

1 269 904

1000

54

37

  







































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday CO emissions =1268.6341 0.00275 = 3.4887 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 1268.6341 0.00275 = 3.4887 tons CO per day

Industrial Solid Waste Incineration:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factors are the same as noted above

Loading Factor = 560 tons/1000 employees39

Employees = 48,544 employees (Allegheny County)2 3

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

48,544 employees

employees

tons waste burned

year

ton waste burned

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

133.2047

2000

1

266,409.472

1000

560

9.8

  















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

























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 133.2047 0.00275 = 0.3663 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

48,544 employees

employees

tons waste burned

year

ton waste burned

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

502.9158

2000

1

1,005,831.68

1000

560

37

  











































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
64

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Summer work weekday CO emissions =502.9158 0.00275 = 1.3830 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.002754

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 502.9158 0.00275 = 1.3830 tons CO per day

STRUCTURE FIRES (SCC 2810030000)

Building fires can produce short-term emissions of VOC, NOx, CO, and PM. Structure fire 

emissions were estimated using emission factors, a loading factor, and a default number of fires 

per capita (note that PM10-FIL, PM25-FIL, and PM-CON emission factors were not available). 

Population data were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Each county’s emissions were 

calculated per the following sample calculations.

Annual Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Per Capita # of Fires)(Population)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 11 lbs VOC/ton material burned/year16

NOx Emission Factor = 1.4 lbs NOx/ton material burned/year16

CO Emission Factor = 60 lbs CO/ton material burned/year16

Loading Factor = 1.15 tons material/fire69

Per Capita Number of Fires = 0.0018 fires/person70

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County)7

VOC Emissions:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

person

fires

fire

tons material

year

tons material

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

14.4560

2000

1

28,912.168

1,269,904 1.15 0.0018

11

  















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









































Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00242771

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 14.4560 0.002427 = 0.03509 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions:
65

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

people

person

fires

fire

tons material

year

ton material

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

78.8514

2000

1

157,702.7342

1,269,904 1.15 0.0018

60

  















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







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































Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00242771

Summer work weekday CO emissions =78.8514 0.002427 = 0.1914 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00312671

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 78.8514 0.003126 = 0.2465 tons CO per day

TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000)

Traffic paints are used to mark pavement in applications such as dividing lines for traffic lanes, 

parking space markings, crosswalks, and arrows. The markings are usually applied by 

Commonwealth or local highway maintenance crews. VOC emissions result from the 

evaporation of organic solvents during and shortly after application of the marking paint. Each 

county’s emissions were calculated per “Alternative Method Three” described in the EIIP 

emission estimation guidance document for this category.72 The calculation uses a national per 

capita emission factor based on 2002 data for national traffic paint consumption and U.S. 

population. Control efficiency, rule penetration, and rule effectiveness factors were incorporated 

into the final calculation.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

    











    

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor Per Capita Usage Factor Population

2002 U.S. Population

2002 National Traffic Paint Consumption

Per Capita Usage Factor 

National per Capita Usage Factor = 39,397,000 gallons73/288,368,698 people7

National per Capita Usage Factor = 0.1366 gallons/person

where:

Emission Factor = 3.36 lbs VOC/gallon72

National per Capita Usage Factor = 0.1366 gallons/person

Population =1,269,904 (Allegheny County)7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 5

RP (Rule Penetration) = 100%

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%
66

  

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

gallons person people

year

gallon

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

233.1767

2000

1

466,353.4473

100

100

100

100

100

20 0.1366 / 1,269,904 1

3.36

  













  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00356 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 233.1767  0.00356 = 0.8305 tons VOC per day

TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES (TSDF’S)

This source category applies to industrial wastewater and hazardous waste which is generated in 

many industry types and sizes and include general waste categories such as contaminated 

wastewaters, spent solvent residuals, still bottoms, spent catalysts, electroplating wastes, metal 

contaminated sludges, degreasing solvents, leaded tank bottoms, separator sludges, and offspecification chemicals. These wastes are generated at an industrial site and treated, stored 

and/or disposed either on-site at the industrial facility or off-site at a commercial facility. 

Operations involved in treatment, storage or disposal of hazardous wastes include impoundment 

and tanks, land treatment, landfills and waste piles, transfer and handling operation, injection 

wells, incinerators, and organic compound removal devices. 

The VOC emission estimates for this source category were developed by E.H. Pechan 

company.26 The estimates were derived from EPA Emissions Standard Division estimates. A 

growth factor , based on 1990 population and 1999 population projections , was applied to adjust 

for 1999 estimates. 

WINERIES (SCC 2302070005)

Winery emissions result from the entrainment of ethanol by carbon dioxide during wine 

fermentation. Factors affecting ethanol emissions are handling techniques, temperature, process 

equipment design, and fermenting parameters. Other sources of emissions from the wine making 

process are blending, transferring, racking and storing of the wine. 

Emissions were determined using 2002 county-level wine production data provided by the 

Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (PLCB).74 Because monthly production data were available, 

these data were used to develop the seasonal allocation factors for this category. The emission 

factors for both red and white wines were obtained from AP-42.75 Since the emission factors for 

the two types of wines are different, but wine type production data are no longer available, wine 

production in the Commonwealth was assumed to be 60 percent white wine and 40 percent red 

wine. 76 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. 

Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:
67

Annual VOC Emissions = (0.6  White Wine Emission Factor + 0.4  Red Wine Emission 

Factor)  (2002 Total Wine Production)

where:

White Wine Emission Factor = 1.80873 lbs VOC/1000 gallons white 

wine/year75

Red Wine Emission Factor = 4.6236 lbs VOC/1000 gallons red wine/year75

2002 Total Wine Production = 8.270 thousand gallons (Adams County)74

2002 Summer Wine Production = 3.000 thousand gallons (Adams County)74

White Wine Production Factor = 60% of wine produced76

Red Wine Production Factor = 40% of wine produced76

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions lbs VOC per year

thousand gallons

gallons

lbs

gallons

lbs Annual VOC Emissions

0.0121

2000

1

24.2698

8.270

1000

4.6236 0.4

1000

1.80873 0.6

  

















   

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month wine production/annual wine production 

weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 3.000/8.270 0.715/65 = 0.00399 (Adams County)4 74

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.0121 0.00399 = 0.0000484 tons VOC per day

WOOD FURNITURE MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401020000)

This source category includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of wood home or office 

furniture. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of solvents used in the finish coats and 

cleanup procedures. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission 

estimates. Each county’s emissions were calculated according to the sample calculations below 

using a per employee emission factor and the number of employees in NAICS codes 337122, 

337127, 337129, 337211, and 337212. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was 

obtained from County Business Patterns2and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total 

Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS).3

A 30 percent reduction in VOC emissions was assumed based on a RACT-based regulation.77

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)(30% Control Efficiency Reduction)
68

where:

Emission Factor = 1,311 lbs VOC/employee/year78

Employees = 256 employees (Allegheny County)2 3

Control Efficiency = 30%77

Rule Penetration = 100%

Rule Effectiveness = 80%

 

. tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions , . pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

127 5341

2000

1

255 06816

100

80

100

100

100

30 256 1

1311

  













  























Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002774

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 127.5341  0.00277 = 0.3539 tons VOC per day
A-1

APPENDIX A: REFERENCES

 

1 Eastern Research Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area 

Sources, Chapter 1, Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development (Revised Final),” prepared for the 

Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001. (Note: Because this inventory 

was prepared prior to November 2005, the Commonwealth did not apply the rule effectivness guidance found in 

EPA-454/P-05-001)

2

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns 2001, Pennsylvania, available 

from http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html. 2003, accessed October 2003.

3 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics, available from http://www.bls.gov/cew/home.htm, 

accessed November 2003.

4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Temporal Allocation Data,” Emissions Modeling Clearinghouse, 

available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/temporal/, accessed November 2003.

5

63 FR 48848, 1998: Federal Register, "National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for 

Architectural Coatings, Final Rule, Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998.

6 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Table 2: 2002 Architectural Coating Shipments,” Current 

Industrial Reports, Paint and Allied Products: 2002, available from 

http://www.census.gov/industry/1/ma325f02.pdf), accessed October 2003.

7 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “County Population Estimates Data Sets,” available from 

http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php, accessed November 2003.

8 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, 

Chapter 3, Architectural Surface Coating,” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program, November 1995.

9 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission 

Model Rules, prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.

10 Glen Heilman, Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators, personal communication with Andrea 

Ramsey, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February 2004.

11 Eastern Research Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area 

Sources, Chapter 17, Asphalt Paving (Revised Final),” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001. 

12 Dan Szekeres, Michael Baker Corporation, personal communication with Andy Bollman, E. H. Pechan & 

Associates, Inc., December 2003.

13 25 Pa. Code Section 129.64, “Cutback Asphalt Paving,” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.64.html, accessed February 2004.

14 Dan Szekeres, Michael Baker Corporation, personal communication with Andy Bollman, E. H. Pechan & 

Associates, Inc., December 2003.

15 Steve Fulk, Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators, personal communication with Andrea 

Ramsey, E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February, 2004.

16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Procedures for the

Preparation of Emission Inventories for Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Volume 1, General Guidance 

for Stationary Sources, EPA-450/4-91-016, May 1991.

17 25 Pa. Code Section 129.75, “Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing.” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.75.html, accessed January 2004.

18 63 FR 48806, 1998: Federal Register, “National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile 

Refinish Coatings, Final Rule,” Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998.

19 Lucy Adams, Radian Corporation, memorandum to SIP inventory preparers and EPA Regions, “VOC Emissions 

from Bakeries,” prepared under contract to the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA Contract No. 68-D0-0125), April 24, 1992.

20 Monthly statewide beer production data from Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, available from 

http://www.ttb.gov/alcohol/stats/02stats/02beerstats.htm, accessed December 2003.

21 Brewery emission factor is the sum of individual brewery process emission factors found in Table 4-2 of Emission 

Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 9.12.1: Malt Beverages, Final Report, prepared by Midwest Research 
A-2

 

Institute October 1996 and available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/bgdocs/b9s12-1.pdf, accessed 

February 2004.

22 Brewery emission factor is the sum of individual brewery process emission factors found in Table 4-3 of Emission 

Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 9.12.1: Malt Beverages, Final Report, prepared by Midwest Research 

Institute October 1996 and available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/bgdocs/b9s12-1.pdf, accessed 

February 2004.

23 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatological Data: Pennsylvania July-December 2002

(Volume 107, Numbers 07-12), published by National Climatic Data Center, 2003.

24 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Table H40 - House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: 

Summary File 3, [Data file], March 2003.

25 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data, Pennsylvania, available from 

www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/main_pa.html. 2003, accessed November 2003.

26 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2002, DOE/EIA-0584 

(2002), 2003.

27 Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., “Final Summary of the Development and Results of a Methodology for 

Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel Combustion,” prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, September 2002.

28 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Factor Information Retrieval Data System (FIRE) 6.23, October 2000.

29 63 FR 48819, 1998: Federal Register, “National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Consumer 

Products, Final Rule,” Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998.

30 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area 

Sources, Chapter 6, Solvent Cleaning,” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement 

Program, September 1997.

31 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Documentation for the 2002 Nonpoint Source National Emission Inventory for 

Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants ,” prepared for Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html, (forthcoming).

32 Public Research Institute, “Charbroiling Activity Estimation, Draft Report,” prepared for California Environmental 

Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board, March 2003.

33 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, “Methods for Developing a 

National Emission Inventory for Commercial Cooking Processes: Technical Memorandum,” prepared by E.H. 

Pechan & Associates, Inc., September 2003.

34 BioCycle, 2000. “2000 BioCycle National Survey – Solid Waste Composting Trends in the U.S.”, BioCycle, 

November 2000.

35 Eastern Research Group, ““Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area 

Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996.

36 25 Pa. Code Section 129.63, “Degreasing Operations,” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.63.html, accessed January 2004.

37 Federal Register, “Subpart T—National Emission Standards for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning,” Volume 59, 

Number 2331, December 2, 1994.

38 The Pennsylvania Dry Cleaners Association disclosed that 1.8 million pounds of VOCs were emitted in 

Pennsylvania in 1990 from dry cleaning operations.

Emission Factor = Total VOC emitted ÷ Pennsylvania Population

= 1.8 million lbs VOC ÷ 11.88 million people (1990 census)

= 0.15 lbs VOC/person/year

39 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Compilation of Air 

Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, AP-42, Fifth Edition, January 1995.

40 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Documentation for the Draft 1999 National Emissions Inventory (Version 3.0) 

for Criteria Air Pollutants and Ammonia: Area Sources,” prepared for Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 

Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, March 2003. Available from 

ftp://ftp.epa.gov/pub/EmisInventory/draftnei99ver3/criteria/documentation/area/ardoc_99nei_draftv3_0303.pdf, 

accessed February 2004.

41 Stan Piorkowski, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, personal 

communication with PJ Disclafani, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 2003.
A-3

 

42 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 2002, available 

from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_sales/foks.html, accessed 

November 2003.

43 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, median sulfur content reported in the 1999 National Emissions Inventory, 

available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/1999inventory.html#final3crit, accessed October 2003.

44 Dan Szekeres, Michael Baker Corporation, personal communication with Maureen Mullen, E. H. Pechan & 

Associates, Inc., February 2004.

45 Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, Bureau of Motor Fuel Taxes, “Monthly Report of Gallons” for 2002, 

provided by Paul Sload, December 2003.

46 25 Pa. Code Section 129.60, “Bulk Gasoline Plants,” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.60.html, accessed February 2004.

47 25 Pa. Code Section 129.61, “Small Gasoline Storage Tank Control (Stage I Control),” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.61.html, accessed February 2004.

48 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission 

Factor Model,” EPA420-R-02-028, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air 

Quality, October 2002.

49 25 Pa. Code Section 129.82. “Control of VOCs from Gasoline Dispensing Facilities (Stage II),” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.82.html, accessed February 2004.

50 25 Pa. Code Section 129.59. “Bulk Gasoline Terminals,” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.59.html, accessed February 2004.

51 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2001, available 

from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/petroleum/048701.pdf, accessed November 2003.

52 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2002, available 

from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_marketing_annual/pma.html, accessed 

November 2003.

53 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Pennsylvania Natural Gas Long Summary,” 

available from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_sum_lsum_spa_a_d.htm. accessed November 2003.

54 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Pennsylvania Natural Gas Residential 

Consumption,” available from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/hist/n3010pa2M.htm, accessed November 2003.

55 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Natural Gas Deliveries to Commercial 

Consumers in Pennsylvania,” available from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/hist/n3020pa2M.htm, accessed 

November 2003.

56 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Open Burning in Residential Areas, Emissions Inventory Development Report,” 

prepared for Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, January 31, 2004.

57 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, “Summary of the Methodology Used to Determine 

Volatile Organic Compounds, Nitrogen Oxides, and Carbon Monoxide Emissions by Source Type for Calendar Year 

1999 in Pennsylvania,” no date reported.

58 U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, “Agricultural Statistics Database, Crops 

County Data,” available from http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb/, accessed October 2003.

59 California Air Resources Board, Public Meeting to Consider Approval of California’s Portable GasolineContainer Emissions Inventory, September 1999.

60 U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2002 American Community Survey, available from 

http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Profiles/Single/2002/ACS/PA.htm, accessed February 2004.

61 U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, available from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-

geo_id=04000US42&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-H6&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-

format=ST-2&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTH6_US9&-_sse=on, accessed February 2004.

62 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc., MarketPlace CD-ROM, Jan.-Mar., 2002, April 2002.

63 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Draft NONROAD2002a, 

[Computer software]. Available June 16, 2003 at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/nonroadmdl.htm. 

64 Pechan. Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources – Draft Report, 

prepared for the US EPA, Emissions Inventory Improvement Program, prepared by E.H.Pechan & Associates, Inc. 

March 2004.
A-4

 

65 Pechan. Technical Memorandum: MANE-VU 2002 Ammonia Emissions Inventory for Miscellaneous Sources –

Final, prepared for MARAMA by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. March, 2004.

66 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns 2001, Pennsylvania, available 

from http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html. 2003, accessed October 2003.

67 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2000,” Office of Wastewater 

Management, available from http://cfpub.epa.gov/cwns/, accessed December 2003.

68 JG Press, Inc. “2000 Biocycle National Survey – Solid Waste Composting Trends in the U.S.” BioCycle, Vol. 41 

Issue 11, November 2000.

69 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area 

Sources, Chapter 18, Structure Fires,” prepared for Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement 

Program, January 2001.

70 National Fire Protection Association, Fire Loss in the United States During 2002, September 2003.

71 U.S. Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Fire Data Center, Fire in the United 

States: 1987-1996, August 1999, available from http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/fius11th.pdf, 

accessed December 2003.

72 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area 

Sources, Chapter 14, Traffic Markings” prepared for Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement 

Program, May 1997.

73 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports: Paint and Allied Products: 

2002, MA325F(02)-1, July 2003.

74 Susan Rose, Office of Planning and Policy Management, Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, personal 

communication with PJ Disclafani, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 2003.

75 From Table 9.12.2-1 of emission factor documentation for AP-42 Section 9.12.2 Wines and Brandy, October 

1995, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/final/c9s12-2.pdf, accessed February 2004.

76 Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board figures showing Pennsylvania wine production in 1990.

77 30 Pa.B 2995, 2000: Pennsylvania Bulletin, "Surface Coating Processes," Volume 30, Number 24, Harrisburg, 

PA, June 10, 2000.

78 “Short List” of AMS SCCs and Emission Factors. July 1992.
Pennsylvania 2007 Area Source Criteria Air Pollutant Emission Estimation 

Methods

December 2009

Prepared by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

Bureau of Air Quality

Rachel Carson State Office Building

PO Box 8468

Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468

Contact: Sherry Bogart, 717-783-5974, sbogart@state.pa.us
2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AREA SOURCE DEFINITION.......................................................................................................................................5

METHODS FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS ....................................................5

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS (SCC 2460600000)...................................................................................................12

AIRCRAFT COATING (SCC 2401075000).................................................................................................................14

APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000)................................................................................................................................16

ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATINGS (SCC 2401001000) ..............................................................................18

ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs) ......................................................................................................................................20

AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET PRODUCTS (SCC 2460400000).........................................................................25

AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (SCC 2401005000) ...................................................................................................27

BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000) ....................................................................................................................................29

COATINGS AND RELATED PRODUCTS (SCC 2460500000).................................................................................31

COMMERCIAL COOKING – (5 SCCs).......................................................................................................................33

CONSTRUCTION DUST (3 SCCs: SCC 2311010000, SCC 2311020000, SCC 2311030000) ..................................41

DEGREASING (4 SCCs: SCC 2415360000, SCC 2415300000, SCC 2415230000, SCC 2415200000).....................53

DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000000)..........................................................................................................................56

ELECTRONIC AND OTHER ELECTRIC COATINGS (SCC 2401065000)..............................................................58

FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000).....................................................................................................60

FIFRA-REGULATED PRODUCTS (SCC 2460800000) .............................................................................................61

FUEL COMBUSTION – COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL (7 SCCs: SCC 2103001000, SCC 2103002000, .......64

SCC 2103004000, SCC 2103005000, SCC 2103006000, SCC 2103007000, SCC 2103011000)................................64

FUEL COMBUSTION – INDUSTRIAL (7 SCCs: 2102001000, ................................................................................79

SCC 2102002000, SCC 2102004000, SCC 2102005000,..............................................................................................79

SCC 2102006000, SCC 2102007000, SCC 2102011000) .............................................................................................79

GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs) .........................................................................................................................102

GRAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000) .........................................................................................................................107

HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS (SCC 2460200000)........................................................................................................108

INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE COATINGS (SCC 2401100000) ..........................................................................110
3

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000)............................................................................................111

MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000) ...................................................................................................................113

METAL CANS (SCC 2401040000).............................................................................................................................115

METAL FURNITURE (SCC 2401025000).................................................................................................................117

METAL SHEETS, STRIPS, COILS (SCC 2401045000)............................................................................................118

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090000).................................................................................120

MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS (NOT OTHERWISE COVERED) (SCC 2460900000).......................................122

OPEN BURNING (3 CCs)...........................................................................................................................................124

OTHER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATINGS (SCC 2401200000)................................................................................129

PAPER, FOIL AND FILM (SCC 2401030000) ..........................................................................................................131

PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS (SCC 2460100000)................................................................................................133

PORTABLE FUEL CONTAINERS – GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION (10 SCCs) .....................................................135

PUBLIC OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (SCC: 2630020000)..............................................................................138

RAILROAD SOLVENTS (SCC 2401085000)............................................................................................................140

RESIDENTIAL COAL FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION (2 SCCs: SCC 2104001000, SCC 2104002000)...............142

RESIDENTIAL FUEL OIL/KEROSENE COMBUSTION (2 SCCs: SCC 2104004000, SCC 2104011000)...........149

RESIDENTIAL LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) (SCC 2104007000)..........................................................154

RESIDENTIAL NATURAL GAS (SCC 2104006000)...............................................................................................157

TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000)........................................................................................................161

WINERIES (SCC 2302070005)...................................................................................................................................163

WOOD FURNITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401020000) ....................................................................................165

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................................................................167
4

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5

AREA SOURCE DEFINITION 

For emission inventory development purposes, the term “area sources” traditionally refers to stationary air pollutant emission sources 

that are not inventoried at the facility-level. While point sources are inventoried individually, area sources are typically inventoried at 

the county level (Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development Volume III: Chapter 1)

1

. Sources such as gasoline 

stations and dry cleaning establishments are often treated as both point and area sources. The main reason they are not exclusively 

treated as point sources is that the effort required to gather data and estimate emissions for each individual facility is very great, while 

emissions per facility are generally small. For these sources, a cut-off point, typically based on annual emissions, usually defines the 

distinction between point and area. The Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) specifies reporting criteria air pollutant 

(CAP) thresholds for point and area sources, which vary depending on the pollutant and the attainment status of a county (see

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/cerr/index.html).

Individual emissions sources are grouped with other like sources into source categories. These source categories are grouped in such a 

way that they can be estimated collectively using one methodology. Most area source categories do not have an analogue in the point 

source inventory. Commercial/consumer product use is such an example. The boundaries of the individual activities associated with 

these sources are often hard to determine or are, at best, arbitrary. Even within a point source facility, some activities occur that are 

more easily treated as area source emissions. Some emissions associated with surface coating operations such as equipment cleaning, 

for example, can be more practically estimated using area source methods even though other surface coating operations may be 

reported as part of the point source inventory.

METHODS FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS 

Area source emissions are generally estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known indicator or collective activity for 

each area source category at the county level. Several methodologies are available for estimating area source activity levels and 

emissions. For this 2007 area source inventory, estimates were derived by (1) treating area sources as point sources, (2) obtaining 

 

1

Eastern Research Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 1, 

Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development (Revised Final),” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001.
6

county-level activity data, (3) apportioning national or statewide activity data to counties, (4) use of per capita emission factors, and 

(5) use of per employee emission factors. Each approach has distinct advantages and disadvantages as discussed below.

Small sources that would normally be treated as area sources may be handled as point sources for several reasons. First, county level 

activity data may not be readily determinable for certain source categories. Municipal landfills provide an example of this situation.

For some source categories, county activity estimates were available. For example, monthly wine production data for 2007 were

available by county from the Alcohol & Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department of Treasury. If county activity data were not 

available, Commonwealth totals were apportioned to counties using data for a surrogate of the emissions activity. For example, the 

quantity of highway gasoline consumed in the Commonwealth was apportioned to the county level on the basis of vehicle miles 

traveled per county. Residential, commercial, and industrial fuel combustion were other categories that were handled in this manner. 

The major drawbacks of this approach are that additional data and resources are needed to apportion activity levels to the local level, 

and accuracy is lost in the process. If Commonwealth level data were not available, then national data were used in a similar manner.

Sources in certain area source categories were not only numerous and diffuse, but were too difficult to inventory by any of the above 

procedures. As an example, solvent evaporation from consumer and commercial products such as waxes, aerosol products and 

window cleaners cannot be routinely determined by DEP. In addition, it would be resource-intensive to develop and implement a 

survey that would yield such information. Per capita or per employee emission factors are used to estimate emissions for these source 

categories. The use of per capita emission factors is based on the assumption that, for a given source category, emission activity can be 

reasonably associated with population. This assumption is valid over broad areas for certain categories such as Architectural Surface 

Coating and solvent evaporation from Consumer and Commercial Products.

For categories that rely on a per capita emission factor, county population estimates for 2007 were obtained from the U.S. Bureau of 

the Census. When emissions are calculated from per employee emission factors, county-level employment data for 2006 were 

obtained. Because county employment data for 2007 was not be available from the Bureau of the Census’ County Business Patterns

(CBP) until July 2009, data for the appropriate North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes were obtained by E. 

H. Pechan & Associates from the 2006 CBP1. The Commonwealth-level employment data were obtained at the NAICS code level 

from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.2

 

1U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns 2006, Pennsylvania, available from 

http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html,.

2U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics, available from http://www.bls.gov/sae/home.htm.
7

In some cases, the Census does not report the employment value for a particular NAICS code/county combination because of 

confidentiality concerns. In these cases, the Census provides employment data as a range (e.g., between 20 and 99 employees). When 

a precise number of employees was not available from CBP, an initial estimate was developed based on the mid-point of the reported 

range (e.g., 60 employees was used for the 20 to 99 employment range). For a given NAICS code, the mid-point estimates were then 

adjusted up or down to yield the Commonwealth-level employment for that NAICS code as reported in the CBP. The adjustments 

were computed by first calculating the difference between the Commonwealth-level CBP employment and the total of the 

employment values for counties for which actual employment values were reported in the CBP. The resulting value represents 

employment for the counties for which the CBP reports an employment range value. This value was then divided by the sum of the 

mid-point employment estimates for the counties for which employment was reported as a range. The resulting ratio was multiplied by 

the mid-point estimates to yield the final county employment estimates. The calculation spreadsheets provide each of the steps used in 

this estimation procedure. National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of 

employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity 

data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor was performed by E.H. Pechan & Associates.

Control Efficiency (CE)

Control efficiency is the emission reduction percentage associated with a control device, process change or reformulation. Control 

efficiencies can vary widely by source within an area source category. Area source control efficiency values represent the weighted 

average control for the category.

Rule Penetration (RP) 

Because lower-emitting sources within a source category may not be covered by a regulation, it is important to reflect the extent to 

which total source category emissions are affected. Rule penetration represents the percentage of total source category emissions that 

are affected by a regulation.

 
8

Rule Effectiveness (RE)

Rule effectiveness is a factor used to adjust the control efficiency to account for failures and uncertainties that affect the actual 

performance of the control. For example, control equipment performance may be adversely affected by age of the equipment, lack of 

maintenance, or improper use. With the exception of Federal regulations, a default RE value of 80 percent was applied when 

information was not available to substantiate the true RE value1. An RE of 100 percent was applied to all Federal regulations that 

require national compliance.

The RE factor is applied to the estimated control efficiency in the calculation of emissions from a source. The formula for the 

application of CE, RP, and RE is displayed below:

Uncontrolled Emissions = 50 pounds per day

Control Efficiency = 90 percent

Rule Penetration = 60 percent

Rule Effectiveness = 80 percent

Controlled Emissions = Uncontrolled Emissions × (1 – CE/100 × RP/100 × RE/100)

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1 – 0.9 × 0.6 × 0.8) = 50 × (1 – 0.432) = 28.4 pounds per day

An RE and/or RP value can substantially increase emission estimates when high control efficiencies are involved. For example, if RP 

was not applied in the above example (equivalent to a 100 percent RP assumption), then estimated emissions are:

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1 – 0.9 × 0.8) = 50 × (1 – 0.72) = 14 pounds per day.

 

1

Eastern Research Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 1, 

Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development (Revised Final),” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001.
9

Point Source Subtractions 

Source categories can appear in both the area source and point source inventory. For example, emissions from large dry cleaning 

establishments may be included in the point source inventory, while emissions from smaller dry cleaners (below some specified 

cutoff) are included in the area source inventory. When a point source inventory and an area source inventory include emissions from 

the same process, the area source emission estimates are adjusted to avoid double counting. Although many area source categories 

(e.g., Architectural Surface Coating) do not have companion point source categories, there are many source categories in the area 

source inventory for which emissions are reported in the Pennsylvania point source inventory (see Table 1). For these source 

categories, point source emissions are subtracted from total emission estimates to yield area source emissions.

Ideally, this adjustment would occur in the area source emission calculation by subtracting point source emission activity 

(throughput) from total emission activity as shown below.

Area Source Activity  Total Activity  Point Source Activity 

However, the Pennsylvania point source inventory does not report throughput for most sources. Therefore, it was necessary to

calculate the point source subtractions using total and point source emission estimates as identified below.

Area Emissionsp  Total Emissionsp Point Source Emissionsp

where:

p = pollutant

Separate point source inventories were developed for Allegheny and Philadelphia counties and for all other counties. Except for 

ammonia and lead, the Allegheny inventory reports annual emissions for all pollutants included in the area source inventory. These 

pollutants are also missing from the Philadelphia County annual inventory. Unlike the Allegheny inventory, the Philadelphia County 

inventory does not report PM emissions on a filterable and condensable basis, but rather on a primary basis. The inventory for the 

remaining counties reports annual emissions for the same pollutants as the Philadelphia County inventory, with the exception of 

primary PM2.5 (PM25-PRI), which is not reported for the remaining counties. Given the different ways in which PM emissions are 

reported in the 2002 Pennsylvania point source inventory, it was necessary to develop PM emissions on a consistent basis to facilitate 

the point source subtractions. Therefore, for Allegheny County, Pechan summed the condensable and the filterable PM emissions to 

obtain PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI emission values for use in the point source subtractions.
10

To facilitate the point source subtractions, the annual emission records for all point SCCs associated with an area source category were 

summed to the county level. The county-level point source annual emissions were then subtracted from the area source category 

annual emissions using an area source category-to-point source category crosswalk developed for this project. Note that in keeping 

with EIIP guidance, when the resulting area source emission estimate was negative, the area source emission value was set to zero. 

The following presents an example of point source NOx emission subtraction calculations for the Commercial/Institutional 

Bituminous/Sub-bituminous Coal Combustion category (SCC 2103002000).

   

   

tons

Area Source NOx Emissions for SCC tons tons

Po Source NOx Emissions Allegheny Cnty . tons (SCC ) . tons (SCC )

Total NOx Emissions for SCC Allegheny Cnty tons per year

Area Source NOx Emissions for SCC Total NOx Emissions Po NOx Emissions

895.9997

2103002000 1,054.3025 158.3028

int ( ) 152 0751 10300207 6 2277 10300208

2103002000 ( ) 1,054.3025

2103002000 int



 

 



 

The following individual sections describe the annual and seasonal emission estimation methodology for each area source category. 

Each section contains a brief description of the source category, identifies whether the category’s emission estimates were subject to 

point source emission subtractions, and presents sample emission calculations (point source subtractions are not included in these 

sample calculations). All referenced sources are displayed in Appendix A.
11

Table 1. Area Source Inventory Categories with Point Source Emission Subtractions

SCC SCC1DESC SCC3DESC SCC6DESC SCC8DESC

2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2102002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Bituminous/Sub-bituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Sub-bituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2102005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types

2302070001 Industrial Processes Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20 Fermentation/Beverages Breweries

2401015000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242 Total: All Solvent Types

2401020000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Wood Furniture: SIC 25 Total: All Solvent Types

2401040000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Metal Cans: SIC 341 Total: All Solvent Types

2401050000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating

Miscellaneous Finished Metals: SIC 34 - (341 + 

3498) Total: All Solvent Types

2401055000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35 Total: All Solvent Types

2401080000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Marine: SIC 373 Total: All Solvent Types

2401085000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Railroad: SIC 374 Total: All Solvent Types

2401090000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Manufacturing Total: All Solvent Types

2415200000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Conveyerized Degreasing Total: All Solvent Types

2415300000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Cold Cleaning Total: All Solvent Types

2425000000 Solvent Utilization Graphic Arts All Processes Total: All Solvent Types

2501060053 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling

2501060101 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Uncontrolled

2501060102 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Controlled

2601010000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery On-site Incineration Industrial Total

2601020000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery On-site Incineration Commercial/Institutional Total

2620030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Landfills Municipal Total
12

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS (SCC 2460600000) 

Adhesives are formulated organic polymer compounds that adhere to, or form a bond between, one or more substrates. 

They are commonly referred to as cements, glues and pastes. Adhesives can be classified as water-based, solventbased, hot melts, or radiation curable. Sealants and caulking compounds are organic polymers used to fill or seal gaps 

between surfaces. The primary solvents used in formulating adhesives and sealants are aliphatic hydrocarbons and 

keytones.

County-level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP)1and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data2. The emission factor 

represents pre-control emission rates. A CE of 8.3 percent3and an RP of 48.6 percent4 were applied to reflect the 

Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, 

Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4-1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates 

[10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-

01.html, accessed March 2009.

3

ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission 

Model Rules, prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.
13

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Population

where:

Emission Factor = 0.57 lbs VOC/person/year1

 Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)2

 Control Efficiency = 8.3%3

 RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6%4

 RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

333.47

2000

1

666,916.82

100

100

100

48.6

100

8.3

1,219,210 1

0.57

















 













  






















14

AIRCRAFT COATING (SCC 2401075000) 

This source category includes aircraft building and repairing. The emissions were calculated using an employmentbased emission factor1

and employee data from NAICS code 3364XX. The number of employees in each county for 

2006 was collected by E.H. Pechan and Associates, who calculated the midpoints from any given ranges2. Each 

county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations below. Point source emissions, where present, 

were subtracted from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 15 lbs VOC /employee/year

Employees = 4494 employees (Delaware County)

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed October, 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment 

flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity 

data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor.
15

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Employees

year

Employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

33.705

2000

1

67,410

4494

15

  






















16

APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000) 

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the coating process in 

the manufacture of electrical appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, laundry equipment, and electric house wares. 

Emissions for each county were estimated per the sample calculations below using an employment-based emission 

factor1and the number of 2006 employees in the NAICS codes 3352XX. . The number of Appliance employees was 

collected from U.S. Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns2by E. H. Pechan and Associates who calculated 

midpoints for any ranges obtained. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission 

estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 249 lbs VOC/employee/year

Employees = 41 (Berks County) 

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 National, state and county level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag 

letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data 

using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor.
17

 

5.1045 VOCperyear

2000

1

10,209

41

249

tons

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

  






















18

ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATINGS (SCC 2401001000)

Architectural surface coatings are used by homeowners and painting contractors to coat the interior and exterior of 

buildings and other structures. The coatings are applied by spray, brush, or roller and dry or cure at ambient conditions. 

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the paint and cleanup solvents. 

Each county’s emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor1and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 

county population data2. The Federal architectural surface coating regulations call for a 20 percent reduction in the 

solvent content of architectural surface coatings manufactured after September 1999, which reduction was accounted 

for in the development of the new per capita emission factor for states with AC rules (2.41 lbs VOC/person/year)1. 

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

   











  

100 100

1

RP RE Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Population

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed August 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates 

[10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-

01.html, accessed March 2009.
19

where:

Emission Factor = 2.41 lbs VOC/person/year1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)

CE (Control Efficiency) =0%, integral with new EF, for states 

with AC rules1

RP (Rule Penetration) = 100%

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

people

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

1469.1481

2000

1

2,938,296.10

100

100

100

100 1,219,210 1

2.41

















 













 






















20

ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs)

SCC category’s emissions for 2461021000 (Cutback Asphalt) and 2461022000 (Emulsified Asphalt) were calculated 

by E.H. Pechan and Associates. The following documentation was prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates with 

footnotes located at the end of this section:

Asphalt paving is the process of applying asphalt concrete to seal or repair the surface of roads, parking lots, driveways, 

walkways, or airport runways. Asphalt concrete is a composite material comprised of a binder and a mineral aggregate. 

The binder, referred to as asphalt cement, is a byproduct of petroleum refining and contains the semi-solid residual 

material left after the more volatile chemical fractions have been distilled off.1

a. Emulsified Asphalt

Asphalt cements thinned with water and an emulsifying agent are known as cutback asphalts. This thinning reduces the 

viscosity of the asphalt making it easier to work with the mixture. The primary uses of emulsified asphalt include tack 

and seal operations, priming roadbeds, and paving operations for pavements up to several inches thick. 

Emulsified asphalt may contain up to 12 percent organic solvents by volume.1Emissions from emulsified asphalt result 

from the evaporation of VOCs after the mixture is laid down. Compared to cutback asphalt, emulsified asphalt has lower 

VOCs emissions per ton used. 

b. Cutback Asphalt

Asphalt cements thinned with petroleum distillates are known as cutback asphalts. The primary uses of cutback asphalt 

include tack and seal operations, priming roadbeds, and paving operations for pavements up to several inches thick. Cutback asphalt is produced by thinning the binder in a diluent containing 25 to 45 percent petroleum distillates by volume

prior to mixing with the aggregate. This reduces the viscosity of the asphalt making it easier to work with the mixture. 

Emissions from cutback asphalt result from the evaporation of VOCs and HAPS after the mixture is laid down. Of all 

asphalt types, cutback asphalt has the highest diluent content and, as a result, emits the highest levels of VOCs per ton 
21

used. The timeframe and quantity of VOC and HAP emissions depend on the type and the quantity of organic solvent 

used as a diluent.

For these source categories, the following SCCs were assigned:

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4

2461022000 Solvent 

Utilization

Misc. Non-industrial: 

Commercial

Emulsified 

Asphalt

Total: All 

Solvent Types

2461021000 Solvent 

Utilization

Miscellaneous Nonindustrial: 

Commercial

Cutback Asphalt Total: All 

Solvent Types

The general approach to calculating emissions from emulsified asphalt and cutback asphalt paving is to multiply the 

estimated county-level emulsified asphalt usage by emission factors for VOCs. 

State-level emulsified asphalt and cutback asphalt usage in 2008 was obtained from the Asphalt Institute’s 2008 

Asphalt Usage Survey.

2

State-level data were allocated to county-level according to the fraction of paved road vehicle 

miles traveled (VMT) in each county. 

Total annual VMT estimates by State and roadway class were obtained from the Federal Highway Administration’s 

(FHWA) annual Highway Statistics report.3 Paved road VMT was calculated by subtracting the State/roadway class 

unpaved road VMT from total State/roadway class VMT. State-level paved road VMT was spatially allocated to 

counties according to the fraction of total VMT in each county for the specific roadway class as shown by the 

following equation:

VMTx,total= ∑VMTST,y * VMTx,y / VMTST,y

where: VMTx,total = VMT (million miles) in county x on all paved roadways

VMTST,y = paved road VMT for the entire State for roadway class y 

VMTx,y = total VMT (million miles) in county x and roadway class y 

VMTST,y = total VMT (million miles) in entire State for roadway class y
22

The county-level total VMT by roadway class used in this calculation was previously developed by E.H. Pechan and 

Associates, Inc. to support the on-road national emissions inventory.

4

 

c. Emission Factors

Emission factors for emulsified asphalt and cutback asphalt usage were obtained from the Technical Report Series 

produced by the U.S. EPA’s Emission Inventory Improvement Program and are reported in Table 1 below.1

d. Emissions

Emissions were calculated by multiplying the county-level asphalt usage (barrels) by the emission factors listed in Table 

1 and then dividing by 2000 to convert pounds to tons.

Emissionsx,y = (Asphalt Usagex * EFy) / 2000

where: Emissionsx,y = emissions (tons) of pollutant y in county x

Asphalt Usagex = emulsified asphalt (barrels) used in county x

EFy = emission factor for pollutant y

To convert tons of asphalt reported in the 2008 Asphalt Usage Survey to barrels, it was assumed that the density of 

asphalt is similar to that of water, 8.34 lbs/gal, and that one barrel equals 42 gallons.

Barrels of Asphalt = (tons of asphalt * 2000 lbs / 8.34 lbs/gal) / 42 gal/barrel

Note that one barrel of asphalt weights approximately 350 pounds.
23

e. Sample Calculation

VOC emissions from emulsified asphalt usage in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania:

From the 2008 Asphalt Usage Survey, the state of Pennsylvania used 69,671 tons of emulsified asphalt in 2008. The 

fraction of paved road VMT traveled in Allegheny County is 10,516.10 million miles divided by 104,400.2 million miles 

which equals 0.10073.

Asphalt Usage Allegheny = ((69,671 tons * 2000 lbs / 8.34 lbs/gal) / 42 gal/barrel) * 0.10073

Asphalt Usage Allegheny = 40,070.571 barrels

VOC Emissions Allegheny = (40,070.571 barrels * 9.2 lbs/barrel) / 2000 lbs/ton

VOC Emissions = 184.32 tons

Table 1. Criteria Emission Factors for Emulsified and Cutback Asphalt Paving

Pollutant Description Pollutant 

Code

Emission 

Factor 

(LBS/BARRE

L)

Emission Factor

Reference

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS VOC 9.2 Emulsified 

Asphalt

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS VOC 88.00 Cutback Asphalt
24

f. References

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emissions Inventory Improvement Program, Technical Report Series, 

Volume III – Area Sources, Chapter 17, “Asphalt Paving,” prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc. for EPA, 

Research Triangle Park, NC, 2001. Available at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html. 

2. Asphalt Institute, 2008 Asphalt Usage Survey for the United States and Canada, http://www.asphaltinstitute.org/. 

3. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics 2007, Office of Highway 

Policy Information, Washington, DC, 2008. Available at 

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2007/.

4. E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. “Documentation for the On-road National Emission Inventory (NEI) for Base 

Years 1970 - 2002,” report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning 

and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. January 2004.
25

AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET PRODUCTS (SCC 2460400000) 

The EPA has divided automotive consumer products into two different major categories: (1) detailing products, and (2) 

maintenance and repair products. It is often difficult to distinguish the automotive aftermarket product subcategories 

and formulations for distinct product types because category descriptions and designations may overlap. In some cases 

varying formulations may be due to the product form. There are a large number of individual VOCs in these products, 

including HAPs.

County-level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP)1and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data2. The emission factor 

represents pre-control emission rates. A CE of 8.97 percent3and an RP of 48.6 percent4 were applied to reflect the 

Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, 

Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4-1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates 

[10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-

01.html, accessed March 2009.

3

ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission 

Model Rules, prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.
26

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Population

where:

Emission Factor = 1.36 lbs VOC/person/year1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)2

 Control Efficiency = 8.97%3

 RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6%4

 RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

792.92

2000

1

1,585,840.94

100

100

100

48.6

100

8.97 1,219,210 1

1.36

















 













  






















27

AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (SCC 2401005000) 

Automotive refinishing is the painting of worn or damaged automobiles, light trucks, and other vehicles. The coating of 

new cars, however, is considered in the point source inventory, and therefore not included in this inventory. Countylevel emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the ERTAC Area 

Inventory Comparability Project solvent working group1and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data2. The 

automotive refinishing VOC emission factor is 0.5 lb/person.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

AnnualVOCEmissions  Emission Factor Population  

 

where:

Emission Factor =0.5 lbs VOC/person/year1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)2

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revision August 14, 2009. Factor is derived from national numbers 

and so represents an average for the entire country; Freedonia 2007; accessed August 2009. 

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates 

[10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-

01.html, accessed March 2009.
28

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

people

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

304.8025

2000

1

609,605

1,219,210

0.5

  






















29

BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000) 

Bakery emissions, primarily ethanol, result from yeast fermentation during the baking process of bread and bakery 

products. Ethanol is emitted through a vent with any combustion product gases. Relevant NAICS codes for bakeries 

are 311811 and 311812.

County-level VOC emissions were calculated using an employment-based emission factor and the number of NAICS 

code 311811 and 311812 employees in each county. The number of employees in each county for 2007 was obtained 

from County Business Patterns1 The Bakeries emission factor is 0.11 tons VOC/employee/year2. Point source 

emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)

where: 

Emission Factor = 0.11 tons VOC /employee/year

Employees = 863 (Allegheny County)

 

1 U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 County Business Patterns,

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GQRGeoSearchByListServlet?ds_name=CB0700A1&_lang=en&_ts=286

805349530

2

Lucy Adams, Radian Corporation, memorandum to SIP inventory preparers and EPA Regions, “VOC Emissions from 

Bakeries,” prepared under contract to the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA Contract No. 68-D0-0125), April 24, 1992.
30

(863 )

0.11

employees

year

employee

tons VOC

Annual VOC Emissions





















 = 94.93 tons VOC per year
31

COATINGS AND RELATED PRODUCTS (SCC 2460500000) 

Aerosol spray paints and related products such as paint removers make up this consumer and commercial solvent 

product group. Other forms of coatings (besides aerosols) are not included in this group, but are included under 

architectural or industrial coatings, or auto body refinishing. Aerosols spray paints contain VOCs that function as both 

solvents and propellants. The most commonly used propellants in aerosol paints are propane, butane and isobutane. 

Paint removers are classified as either application removers or immersion removers. Solvents such as methanol, ethanol 

and isopropanol are also used to enhance the action of the paint remover. Methylene chloride (53 percent) and 

methanol (41 percent) account for the majority of paint-removing solvents consumed (Frost & Sulllivan, Inc., 1990).

County-level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP)1and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data2. The emission factor 

represents pre-control emission rates. A CE of 0 percent3and an RP of 48.6 percent4 were applied to reflect the Federal 

Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, 

Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4-1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed April 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates 

[10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-

01.html, accessed March 2009.

3

ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission 

Model Rules, prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.
32

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Population

where:

Emission Factor = 0.95 lbs VOC/person/year1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)2

 Control Efficiency = 0%3

 RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6%4

 RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

579.12

2000

1

1,158,249.50

100

100

100

48.6

100

0

1,219,210 1

0.95

















 













  























 
33

COMMERCIAL COOKING – (5 SCCs) 

Source Category Description

Commercial Cooking emissions are for 5 source categories (2302002100, 2302002200, 2302003000, 2302003100, and 

2302003200) based on equipment type. Emissions estimates are for all types of meat cooked in a particular piece of 

equipment. Deep fat frying of french fries was also included. The following documentation was prepared by E.H. 

Pechan and Associates:

For this source category, the following SCCs were assigned:

Source 

Classification Code SCC Level One SCC Level Two SCC Level Three SCC Level Four

2302002100 Industrial 

Processes

Food and Kindred 

Products: SIC 20

Commercial Cooking -

Charbroiling

Conveyorized 

Charbroiling

2302002200 Industrial 

Processes

Food and Kindred 

Products: SIC 20

Commercial Cooking -

Charbroiling

Under-fired 

Charbroiling

2302003000 Industrial 

Processes

Food and Kindred 

Products: SIC 20

Commercial Cooking -

Frying

Deep Fat Frying

2302003100 Industrial 

Processes

Food and Kindred 

Products: SIC 20

Commercial Cooking -

Frying

Flat Griddle Frying

2302003200 Industrial 

Processes

Food and Kindred 

Products: SIC 20

Commercial Cooking -

Frying

Clamshell Griddle 

Frying
34

Activity Data

Activity data was collected from the US Census Bureau’s county level population estimates for July 1, 2007.

1

Control Factors

No controls were assumed for this category. 

Emission Factors

Emission factors were developed and reviewed by an ERTAC advisory panel composed of state and EPA personnel 

(Contact: Roy Huntley, huntley.roy@epa.gov). They were created by taking 2002 emissions in the NEI and dividing 

by the 2002 population to develop per capita emission factors. These emission factors are listed in Table 1. 

Sample Calculations

Emissions are calculated for each county using emission factors and activity as:

Ex,p = Ax × EFx,p

 

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates 

[10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-

01.html, accessed March 2009.
35

where:

Ex,p = annual emissions for category x and pollutant p;

Ax = population data associated with category x;

EFx,p = emission factor for category x and pollutant p.

Example:

Using conveyorized charbroiling in Allegheny County, PA as an example:

According to the US Census Bureau, population on July 1, 2007 is 1,219,210

The emission factor for VOC is 0.01205 lb/person

EVOC= 1,219,210 people × 0.012056 lb VOC/ person

= 14,698.81 lb VOC or 7.3494 ton VOC

Table 1: Commercial Cooking Emission Factors Developed by ERTAC

SCC SCC description

Pollutant 

Code

Factor 

Numeric 

Value

Factor Unit 

Numerator

Factor Unit 

Denominator

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 100027 1.326E-05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 100027 6.385E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 100414 7.668E-05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 100414 5.312E-04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 100425 3.730E-04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 100425 2.747E-03 LB EACH
36

SCC SCC description

Pollutant 

Code

Factor 

Numeric 

Value

Factor Unit 

Numerator

Factor Unit 

Denominator

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 106445 7.003E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 106445 4.214E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 107062 2.682E-05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 107062 2.183E-04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 108883 3.597E-04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 108883 2.496E-03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 108952 4.421E-05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 108952 3.063E-04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 120127 5.943E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 120127 1.914E-05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 120127 8.487E-06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 123386 1.466E-04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 123386 1.113E-03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 129000 8.852E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 129000 3.587E-05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 129000 3.139E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 130498292 2.709E-04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 130498292 7.911E-04 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 130498292 2.589E-04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 1330207 7.799E-07 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 1330207 1.560E-06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 191242 1.309E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 191242 2.542E-06 LB EACH
37

SCC SCC description

Pollutant 

Code

Factor 

Numeric 

Value

Factor Unit 

Numerator

Factor Unit 

Denominator

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 193395 1.278E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 193395 1.723E-06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 206440 6.484E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 206440 2.638E-05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 206440 2.371E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 208968 2.476E-05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 208968 6.372E-05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 208968 4.886E-06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 50000 7.796E-04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 50000 5.876E-03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 50328 1.450E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 50328 2.332E-06 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 50328 1.154E-06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 56553 1.772E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 56553 5.432E-06 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 56553 2.918E-06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 71432 1.006E-03 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 71432 7.351E-03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 75070 5.562E-04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 75070 4.242E-03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 83329 1.613E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 83329 2.776E-06 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 83329 1.357E-06 LB EACH
38

SCC SCC description

Pollutant 

Code

Factor 

Numeric 

Value

Factor Unit 

Numerator

Factor Unit 

Denominator

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 84742 4.140E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 84742 2.413E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 85018 2.771E-05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 85018 8.647E-05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 85018 6.021E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 86737 6.408E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 86737 2.003E-05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 86737 6.484E-06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 91203 1.135E-04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 91203 2.649E-04 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 91203 1.308E-04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 92524 1.271E-05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 92524 2.613E-05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 92524 2.788E-06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 95476 6.167E-05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 95476 4.387E-04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 95487 3.482E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 95487 2.111E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 98862 4.991E-06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling 98862 3.250E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling CO 4.245E-02 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling CO 1.350E-01 LB EACH

2302003000 Deep Fat Flying CO 0.000E+00 LB EACH
39

SCC SCC description

Pollutant 

Code

Factor 

Numeric 

Value

Factor Unit 

Numerator

Factor Unit 

Denominator

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying CO 1.269E-02 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying CO 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling NOX 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling PM10-FIL 1.648E-04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling PM10-FIL 1.048E-03 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying PM10-FIL 2.727E-04 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying PM10-FIL 1.981E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling PM10-PRI 4.980E-02 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling PM10-PRI 3.528E-01 LB EACH

2302003000 Deep Fat Flying PM10-PRI 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying PM10-PRI 1.031E-01 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying PM10-PRI 6.994E-03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling PM25-FIL 1.597E-04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling PM25-FIL 1.013E-03 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying PM25-FIL 2.074E-04 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying PM25-FIL 1.685E-05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling PM25-PRI 4.827E-02 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling PM25-PRI 3.415E-01 LB EACH

2302003000 Deep Fat Flying PM25-PRI 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying PM25-PRI 7.834E-02 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying PM25-PRI 5.910E-03 LB EACH

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling SO2 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling VOC 1.206E-02 LB EACH
40

SCC SCC description

Pollutant 

Code

Factor 

Numeric 

Value

Factor Unit 

Numerator

Factor Unit 

Denominator

2302002200 Under-fired Charbroiling VOC 4.148E-02 LB EACH

2302003000 Deep Fat Flying VOC 1.261E-02 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying VOC 5.943E-03 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying VOC 2.316E-04 LB EACH
41

CONSTRUCTION DUST (3 SCCs: SCC 2311010000, SCC 2311020000, SCC 2311030000)

RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

Emissions from residential construction activity are a function of the acreage disturbed and volume of soil excavated 

for residential construction. Residential construction activity is developed from data obtained from the U.S. 

Department of Commerce (DOC)’s Bureau of the Census. The following documentation was prepared by E.H. Pechan 

and Associates with footnotes located at the end of this section:

For this source category, the following SCC was assigned:

Source 

Classification 

Code SCC Level One SCC Level Two

SCC Level 

Three

SCC Level 

Four

2311010000 Industrial 

Processes

Construction: 

SIC 15 - 17

General Building 

Construction

Total

Activity data:

There are two activity calculations performed for this SCC, acres of surface soil disturbed and volume of soil removed 

for basements.

Surface soil disturbed

The US Census Bureau has 2008 data for Housing Starts - New Privately Owned Housing Units Started1 which 

provides regional level housing starts based on the groupings of 1 unit, 2-4 units, 5 or more units. A consultation with 

the Census Bureau in 2002 gave a breakdown of approximately 1/3 of the housing starts being for 2 unit structures, and 

2/3 being for 3 and 4 unit structures. The 2-4 unit category was then divided into 2-units, and 3-4 units based on this 

ratio. 
42

To get the number of structures for each grouping, the 1unit category was divided by 1, 2 unit category was divided by 

2, and the 3-4 unit category was divided by 3.5. The 5 or more unit category listed may be made up of more than one 

structure. New Privately Owned Housing Units Authorized Unadjusted Units2gives a conversion factor to determine 

the ratio of structures to units in the 5 or more unit category. For example if a county has one 40unit apartment 

building, the ratio would be 40/1. If there are 5 different 8 unit buildings in the same project, the ratio would be 40/5. 

Structures started by category are then calculated at a regional level. The table Annual Housing Units Authorized by 

Building Permit3has 2007 data at the county level to allocate regional housing starts to the county level. This results in 

county level housing starts by number of units. The following surface areas were assumed disturbed for each unit type:

Table 1: Surface Soil removed per unit type

1-Unit 1/4 acre/structure

2-Unit 1/3 acre/structure

Apartment 1/2 acre/structure 

The 3-4 unit category was considered to be an apartment. Multiplication of housing starts to soil removed results in 

number of acres disturbed for each unit category. 

Basement soil removal

To calculate basement soil removal, 2007 Characteristics of New Houses4is used to estimate the percentage of 1 unit 

structures that have a basement (on the regional level). The county level estimate of number of 1 unit starts is 

multiplied by the percent of 1 unit houses in the region that have a basement to get the number of basements in a 

county. Basement volume is calculated by assuming a 2000 square foot house has a basement dug to a depth of 8 feet 

(making 16,000 ft3per basement). An additional 10% is added for peripheral dirt bringing the total to 17,600 ft3per 

basement. 
43

Emission Factors: 

Initial PM10 emissions from construction of single family, two family, and apartments structures are calculated using 

the emission factors given in Table 2. The duration of construction activity for houses is assumed to be 6 months and 

the duration of construction for apartments is assumed to be 12 months.

Table 2. Emission Factors for Residential Construction

Type of Structure Emission Factor Duration of 

Construction

Apartments 0.11 tons PM10/acre-month 12 months

2-Unit Structures 0.032 tons PM10/acre-month 6 months

1-Unit Structures w/o 

Basements

0.032 tons PM10/acre-month 6 months

1-unit Structures with 

Basements

0.011 tons PM10/acre-month 6 months

0.059 tons PM10/1000 cubic 

yards

Regional variances in construction emissions are corrected using soil moisture level and silt content. These correction 

parameters are applied to initial PM10 emissions from residential construction to develop the final emissions inventory.

To account for the soil moisture level, the PM10 emissions are weighted using the 30-year average precipitationevaporation (PE) values from Thornthwaite’s PE Index. Average precipitation evaporation values for each State were 

estimated based on PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These values range from 7 to 41. 
44

To account for the silt content, thePM10 emissions are weighted using average silt content for each county. A data base 

containing county-level dry silt values was complied. These values were derived by applying a correction factor 

developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt values to dry silt values.5

The equation for PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content 

is:

Corrected E Initial

PE

S

PM PM 10 E 10   

24

9%

where:

Corrected EPM10 = PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content,

PE = precipitation-evaporation value for each State,

S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried.

Once PM10 adjustments have been made, PM25 emissions are set to 10% of PM10

Example Calculation: 

PM10 Emissions = ∑( Aunit x Tconstruction x EFunit ) x AdjPM

Where Aunit = HSUnit x SMUnit

HSUnit = Regional Housing Starts x (county building permits/Regional building permits)

SMUnit = Area or volume of soil moved for the given unit type

TConstruction = Construction time (in months) for given unit type

EFUnit = Unadjusted emission factor for PM10 for the given unit type

AdjPM = PM Adjustment factor
45

References:

1. New Privately Owned Housing Units Started for 2008 ( Not seasonally adjusted) 

http://www.census.gov/const/startsua.pdf

2. Table 2au. New Privately Owned Housing Units Authorized Unadjusted Units for Regions, Divisions, and 

States http://www.census.gov/const/C40/Table2/tb2u2007.txt

3. Annual Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits CO2007A, purchased from US Department of Census

4. Type of Foundation in New One-Family Houses Completed, 

http://www.census.gov/const/C25Ann/sftotalfoundation.pdf
46

NON-RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

Emissions from non-residential construction activity are a function of the acreage disturbed for non-residential 

construction. The following documentation was prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates with footnotes located at the 

end of this section:

For this source category, the following SCC was assigned:

Source 

Classification 

Code SCC Level One SCC Level Two

SCC Level 

Three

SCC Level 

Four

2311020000

Industrial 

Processes

Construction: 

SIC 15 - 17

Heavy 

Construction Total

Activity Data: 

Annual Value of Construction Put in Place in the U.S1has the 2008 National Value of Non-residential construction. 

The national value of non-residential construction put in place (in millions of dollars) was allocated to counties using 

county-level non-residential construction (NAICS Code 2362) employment data obtained from County Business 

Patterns2(CBP). Because some counties employment data was withheld due to privacy concerns, the following 

procedure was adopted:

1. State totals for the known county level employees was subtracted from the number of employees reported in the 

state level version of CBP. This results in the total number of withheld employees in the state.

2. A starting guess of the midpoint of the range code was used (so for instance in the 1-19 employees range, a 

guess of 10 employees would be used) and a state total of the withheld counties was computed.
47

3. A ratio of guessed employees (Step 2) to withheld employees (Step 1) was then used to adjust the county level 

guesses up or down so the state total of adjusted guesses should match state total of withheld employees (Step 

1)

In 1999 a figure of 2 acres/$106 was developed. The Bureau of Labor Statistics Producer Price Index3lists costs of the 

construction industry from 1999-2007. 

2007 acres per $106= 1999 acres per $106x (1999 PPI / 2007 PPI) 

=2 acres/$106(132.9 / 204.3)

= 1.301 acres per $106

Emission Factors: 

Initial PM10 emissions from construction of non-residential buildings are calculated using an emission factor of 0.19 

tons/acre-month. The duration of construction activity for non-residential construction is assumed to be 11 months.

Regional variances in construction emissions are corrected using soil moisture level and silt content. These correction 

parameters are applied to initial PM10 emissions from non-residential construction to develop the final emissions 

inventory.

To account for the soil moisture level, the PM10 emissions are weighted using the 30-year average precipitationevaporation (PE) values from Thornthwaite’s PE Index. Average precipitation evaporation values for each State were 

estimated based on PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These values range from 7 to 41. 

To account for the silt content, the PM10 emissions are weighted using average silt content for each county. A data 

base containing county-level dry silt values was complied. These values were derived by applying a correction factor 

developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt values to dry silt values.7

The equation for PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content is:

Corrected E Initial

PE

S

PM PM 10 E 10   

24

9%
48

where:

Corrected EPM10 = PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content,

PE = precipitation-evaporation value for each State,

S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried.

Once PM10 adjustments have been made, PM25 emissions are set to 10% of PM10

Example Calculation:

EmissionsPM10 = NSpending x (Empcounty / EmpNational) x Apd x EFAdj x M

Where NSpending = National spending

Empcounty = county level employment data

EmpNational = National level employment data

Apd = Acres per million dollars

EFAdj = Adjusted PM10 emission factor

M = duration of construction activity

References:

1. Annual Value of Construction Put in Place: http://www.census.gov/const/www/ototpage.html

2. County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/index.html

3. Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov/data/ Table BMNR
49

ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Emissions from road construction activity are a function of the acreage disturbed for road construction. Road 

construction activity is developed from data obtained from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 

The following documentation was prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates with footnotes located at the end of this 

section:

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

Source 

Classification 

Code SCC Level One SCC Level Two

SCC Level 

Three

SCC Level 

Four

2311030000

Industrial 

Processes

Construction: SIC 

15 - 17 Road Construction Total

Activity Data:

The Federal Highway Administration has Highway Statistics, Section IV - Highway Finance, Table SF-12A, State 

Highway Agency Capital Outlay1for 2006 which outlines spending by state in several different categories. For this 

SCC, the following columns are used: New Construction, Relocation, Added Capacity, Major Widening, and Minor 

Widening. These columns are also differentiated according to the following six classifications:

1. Interstate, urban

2. Interstate, rural

3. Other arterial, urban

4. Other arterial, rural 

5. Collectors, urban

6. Collectors, rural
50

The State expenditure data are then converted to new miles of road constructed using $/mile conversions obtained from 

the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) in 2000. A conversion of $4 million/mile is applied to the 

interstate expenditures. For expenditures on other arterial and collectors, a conversion factor of $1.9 million/mile is 

applied, which corresponds to all other projects.

The new miles of road constructed are used to estimate the acreage disturbed due to road construction. The total area 

disturbed in each state is calculated by converting the new miles of road constructed to acres using an acres 

disturbed/mile conversion factor for each road type as given in the table below:

Table 1: Spending per Mile and Acres Disturbed per Mile by Highway Type

Road Type

Thousand 

Dollars per 

mile

Acres 

Disturbed per 

mile

Urban Areas, Interstate 4000 15.2

Rural Areas, Interstate 4000 15.2

Urban Areas, Other Arterials 1900 15.2

Rural Areas, Other Arterials 1900 12.7

Urban Areas, Collectors 1900 9.8

Rural Areas, Collectors 1900 7.9
51

Residential building starts2are used to allocate the state-level acres disturbed by road construction to the county. A 

ratio of the number of building starts in each county to the total number of building starts in each state is applied to the 

state-level acres disturbed to estimate the total number of acres disturbed by road construction in each county.

Emission Factors:

Initial PM10 emissions from construction of roads are calculated using an emission factor of 0.42 tons/acre-month. 

Since most road construction consists of grading and leveling of land, the higher emission factor more accurately 

reflects the high level of cut and fill activity that occurs at road construction sites. The duration of construction activity 

for road construction is assumed to be 12 months.

Regional variances in construction emissions are corrected using soil moisture level and silt content. These correction 

parameters are applied to initial PM10 emissions from road construction to develop the final emissions inventory.

To account for the soil moisture level, the PM10 emissions are weighted using the 30-year average precipitationevaporation (PE) values from Thornthwaite’s PE Index. Average precipitation evaporation values for each State were 

estimated based on PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These values range from 7 to 41. 

To account for the silt content, thePM10 emissions are weighted using average silt content for each county. A data base 

containing county-level dry silt values was complied. These values were derived by applying a correction factor 

developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt values to dry silt values.

The equation for PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content is:

where: Corrected EPM10 = PM10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content,

PE = precipitation-evaporation value for each State,

S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried.

Once PM10 adjustments have been made, PM25 emissions are set to 10% of PM10

Corrected E Initial

PE

S

PM PM 10 E 10   

24

9%
52

Emission Calculation:

EmissionsPM10 = ∑(HDrt x MCrt x ACrt) x (HSCounty / HSState) x EFAdj x M

Where HDrt = Highway Spending for a specific road type

MCrt = Mileage conversion for a specific road type

ACrt = Acreage conversion for a specific road type

HSCounty = Housing Starts in a given county

HSState = Housing Starts in a given State

EFAdj = Adjusted PM10 Emission Factor

M = duration of construction activity

References:

1. 2006 Highway Spending : http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs06/xls/sf12a.xls

2. Annual Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits CO2007A, purchased from US Department of Census.
53

DEGREASING (4 SCCs: SCC 2415360000, SCC 2415300000, SCC 2415230000, SCC 2415200000)

(Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) SCC 2415360000, Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) SCC 2415300000, Electronics 

(Vapor/In-Line) SCC 2415230000, Other (Vapor/In-Line) SCC 2415200000)

Surface cleaning, also known as “degreasing”, includes the solvent cleaning or conditioning of metal surfaces and parts, 

fabricated plastics, electronic and electrical components and other nonporous substrates. These cleaning processes are 

designed to remove foreign material, such as oils, grease, waxes and moisture, usually in the preparation for further 

treatment, such as painting, electroplating, galvanizing, anodizing or applying conversion coatings. Three basic types of 

surface cleaning operations are currently used: cold cleaning, vapor cleaning, and in-line or conveyorized cleaning, which 

can be either a cold or vapor cleaning process. VOC emission results from the evaporation of solvents used in these 

processes.

Cold cleaning is a batch process in which solvents are applied at room temperature or slightly heated. Parts are immersed 

in a solvent, usually mineral spirits. Parts too large for immersion may be sprayed or wiped with a solvent. The primary 

cold cleaning application is cleaning of tools or metal parts at service and automotive repair stations and manufacturing 

facilities. Cold cleaning may incorporate covers or freeboards to limit the evaporative loss of solvents.

In-line cleaners use automated load systems (typically conveyors) to maintain a continuous feed to the cleaning unit. 

These units use both cold and vapor-cleaning methods as described above, with the majority being halogenated solvent 

cleaning systems. These units are used for large-scale operations and are usually enclosed except to the conveyor inlet or 

exit. A common application of in-line cleaners is cleaning printed circuit boards for the electronic and electrical 

component industries.

The Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) developed the following population-based methods for estimating 

degreasing emissions.
54

Activity data was collected from the US Census Bureau’s county level population estimates for July 1, 2007.1Point 

source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor Population

where:

Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 2.5 lbs VOC/person/year1

Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 1.1 lbs VOC/person/year1

Electronics and Electrical (Vapor/In-Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.21 lbs VOC/person/year1

Other (Vapor/In-Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.49 lbs VOC/person/year1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)

2

Auto Repair Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66%3

Manufacturing Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66%3

Electronics Vapor/In-Line CE (Control Efficiency) = 63%

3

Other Vapor/In-Line CE (Control Efficiency) = 63%3

All Categories RP (Rule Penetration) = 100%

All Categories RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80%

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, 

Chapter 6,Solvent Cleaning,” Table 6.5-2 (EPA 1991), prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program, Septembert 1997.

2

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates 

[10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-

01.html, accessed March 2009.

3

25 Pa. Code Section 129.63, “Degreasing Operations,” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.63.html
55

Allegheny County Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emissions Calculation:

 

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

719.3339

2000

1

1,438,667.80

100

80

100

100

100

66 1,219,210 1

2.5

  













  






















56

DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000000) 

Three types of dry cleaning operations are used: coin-operated facilities using perchloroethylene (perc); 

commercial/industrial facilities using perc; and commercial/industrial facilities using VOC solvents. 

Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below using an employment-based emission 

factor1and the number of 2006 employees in NAICS codes 81231X, 81232X, and 81233X.. The number of Dry 

Cleaning employees was obtained from County Business Patterns2by E. H. Pechan and Associates who also performed 

midpoint calculations on any ranges obtained. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations 

below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 467 lbs VOC/ employee/ year1

Employees = 2002 (2006 Allegheny County)2

 

1

ERTAC Recommended, Freedonia 2007, accessed October 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment 

flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity 

data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor.
57

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

person

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

 467.467

2000

1

934,934

2002

467

  






















58

ELECTRONIC AND OTHER ELECTRIC COATINGS (SCC 2401065000) 

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the insulation coatings 

applied to wire and cable and electronic parts. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employmentbased emission factor1

and the number of employees in NAICS codes 331319, 331422, 331491, 335929, 335921 and 

335311. The number of Electrical Appliance employees was obtained from County Business Patterns2and the 

midpoints were calculated by E. H. Pechan and Associates where obtained. Each county’s emissions were estimated 

per the sample calculations below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 24.7 lbs VOC/employee/year1

Employees = 60 (Allegheny County)2

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project solvent working group, August 8, 2009, (version 4) .xls, accessed 

September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment 

flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity 

data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor.
59

 

0.741 VOCperyear

2000

1

1,482

60

24.7

tons

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

  






















60

FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000) 

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the gluing and coating 

process. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employment-based emission factor 1and employees 

numbers in NAICS codes 321XX2. The number of employees in each county was collected from County Business 

patterns and the adjusted employee numbers were prepared by Pechan & Associates using employment midpoint and 

adjustment factors for any ranges obtained. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission 

estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 43 lbs VOC/employee/year1

Employees =270 (Allegheny County)2

 

5.805. VOCperyear

2000

1

11,610

270

43

tons

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

  























 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project solvent working group, August 8, 2009, (version 4).xls, accessed 

September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment 

flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity 

data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor.
61

FIFRA-REGULATED PRODUCTS (SCC 2460800000) 

Pesticides defined by FIFRA include substances or mixtures that are used to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests, 

as well as substances used as plant regulators, defoliators, and desiccants. Consumer pesticides are used in the home 

and garden, as well as in commercial and governmental applications. Disinfectants and antimicrobial products are 

included. Household uses include pet care products, disinfectants and insecticides. All consumer and commercial 

pesticides contain VOCs. Aerosol and liquid sprays contain VOCs as solvents, usually ethanol and isobutane. 

Pesticides products can be grouped according to their target pest, but should also be grouped according to their form 

(solid, liquid or aerosol) when considering control measures.

County-level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP)1and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data2. The emission factor 

represents pre-control emission rates. A CE of 20 percent3and an RP of 48.6 percent4 were applied to reflect the 

Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, 

Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4-1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates 

[10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-

01.html, accessed March 2009.

3

ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission 

Model Rules, prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.
62

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Population

where:

Emission Factor = 1.78 lbs per person/year1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)2

 Control Efficiency = 20%3

 RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6%4 

 RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, 

Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4-1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates 

[10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-

01.html, accessed March 2009.

3

ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission 

Model Rules, prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.
63

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

979.6255

2000

1

1,959,250.963

100

100

100

48.6

100

20 1,219,210 1

1.78

















 













  






















64

FUEL COMBUSTION – COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL (7 SCCs: SCC 2103001000, SCC 2103002000,

SCC 2103004000, SCC 2103005000, SCC 2103006000, SCC 2103007000, SCC 2103011000)

Source Description and Classification

This sub-sector covers emissions from fuel combustion at stationary non-point sources within the 

commercial/institutional sector. These documentation and fuel combustion emissions were calculated by E. H. Pechan 

and Associates. References are listed at the end of the Fuel Combustion – Commercial/Institutional section. The 

following are the fuel types that will be included in the inventory for the commercial/institutional non-point source subsector: anthracite coal, bituminous/sub-bituminous coal, distillate oil, residual oil, natural gas, LPG, wood, and 

kerosene. Motor gasoline is not included as a non-point source because it is expected that all non-point gasoline 

combustion in this sector is included in the non-road inventory.

The approach to be used in calculating emissions for commercial/institutional fuel combustion is to first develop statelevel fuel consumption estimates, then to allocate these to the county-level, and then to multiply the resulting countylevel consumption estimates by appropriate emission factors.

Source Classification. The non-point SCCs associated with commercial/institutional fuel combustion are displayed in 

Table 1.

Table 1. Non-point Source Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion SCCs

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Sub-bituminous 

Coal

Total: All Boiler Types

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines
65

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas 

(LPG)

Total: All Combustor Types

2103008000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Wood Total: All Boiler Types

2103011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Total: All Combustor Types

Activity Data

Table 2 summarizes this sector’s non-point source activity data, units, and data source. Total state-level commercial 

sector energy consumption data are available from the Energy Information Administration (EIA)’s State Energy Data 

System (SEDS), and were used for most source categories (EIA, 2007a). However, as documented below, a number of 

adjustments were made to the SEDS data, and a separate EIA data source was used for distillate oil. Year 2006 SEDS 

data were used to estimate 2007 emissions because these were the latest year consumption data available at the time 

this work was performed in 2009.

Table 2. Non-point Source Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion Activity Data

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4 Activity

Activity 

Data 

Source

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types Thousand short tons 

of coal consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/

Sub-bituminous Coal

Total: All Boiler Types Thousand short tons 

of coal consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: All Boiler Types Thousand barrels of 

distillate oil consumed

EIA’s Fuel Oil 

and Kerosene 

Salesa

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types Thousand barrels of 

residual oil consumed

EIA’s SEDSa
66

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4 Activity

Activity 

Data 

Source

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Total: All Boiler Types Million cubic feet of 

natural gas consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas 

(LPG)

Total: All Combustor 

Types

Thousand barrels of 

LPG consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

2103008000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Wood Total: All Boiler Types Billion Btu of wood 

consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

2103011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Total: All Combustor 

Types

Thousand barrels of 

kerosene consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

(a) With adjustments that are described in the text of this section.

Fuel-Specific Activity Data Adjustments

Coal - for commercial/institutional coal combustion, the SEDS data do not provide coal consumption estimates by type 

of coal (i.e., anthracite versus bituminous/sub-bituminous) and in some cases, CAP emission factors differ between the 

two. Because anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the Commonwealth, while bituminous is mined in the western 

half, the emission calculations assume that eastern counties burn anthracite coal while western counties burn 

bituminous coal.

Commercial Coal Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor CoalConsumption

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 0.3 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 0.05 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 

NOx Emission Factor = 9 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 11 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 5.0 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00042 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year and bituminous coal/year
67

SO2 Emission Factor =34.71 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 91.96 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year (EPA 

default values for PA)

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 14.718 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 12 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 6.4224 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 1.4 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 0.08 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 0.04 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89%

Bituminous Coal Sulfur Content = 2.42%

Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash

Pennsylvania Commercial Coal Consumption = 574,000 tons

Number of Commercial County Employees (Allegheny County) = 637,800

Number of Pennsylvania’s Commercial Employees = 4,546,525

where: 

NOX Emissions:

tons NOX per year

lbs

ton Annual NOX Emissions pounds NOX per year

employees in state

employees in county

ns

year

lbs NOX

Annual NOX Emissions

442.8733

2000

1

885,746.6307

4,546,525

637,800 574,000 t oton bituminous coal

11

  

  
68

Distillate Oil and LPG – the SEDS commercial/institutional sector distillate oil and LPG consumption data include 

consumption estimates for equipment that EPA includes in the non-road sector inventory. To avoid double-counting of 

LPG consumption, EPA ran the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) for 2006 and calculated the national 

volume of non-road LPG consumption from commercial sector source categories. This estimate was then divided into 

the SEDS total industrial sector LPG consumption estimate to yield the proportion of total commercial/institutional 

sector LPG consumption attributable to the non-road sector in that year (approximately 18 percent). To estimate the 

volume of commercial/institutional sector LPG consumption that should not be included in the non-point source inventory EPA subtracted 18 percent from each state’s commercial sector LPG consumption estimate reported in SEDS.

To avoid double-counting of distillate oil consumption between the non-point and non-road sector emission 

inventories, EPA relied on a source other than SEDS to estimate consumption. The approach uses more detailed 

distillate oil consumption estimates reported in EIA’s Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, and assumptions from the 

regulatory impact analysis (RIA) for EPA’s non-road diesel emissions rulemaking (EIA, 2008b; EPA, 2003). Table 4 

displays the assumptions that were applied to the state-level distillate oil consumption estimates reported in Fuel Oil 

and Kerosene Sales to estimate total stationary source commercial/institutional sector consumption.

Table 4. Assumptions Used to Estimate Commercial/Institutional Sector Stationary Source Distillate 

Fuel Consumption

Sector Distillate Fuel Type

% of Total 

Consumption 

from Stationary 

Sources

Commercial No. 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 80

No. 2 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

No. 2 Distillate/Ultra-Low, Low, and High Sulfur 

Diesel

0

a

No. 4 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

a A very small portion of total commercial/institutional diesel is consumed by point sources (SCC 203001xx).
69

Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor OilConsumption

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 0.34 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year

NOx Emission Factor = 20 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year 

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00126 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year

Sulfur Content = 0.3%

SO2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year

Pennsylvania Commercial Distillate Oil Consumption = 4,264,000 barrels = 179,088 thousand 

gallons

where: 

Number of Allegheny County Commercial Employees =637,800 

Number of Pennsylvania Commercial Employees = 4,546,525

NO2 Emissions:

tons NO per year

lbs

ton Annual NO Emissions pounds NO per year

employees in state

employees in county thousgallons

year

istoil

lbs NO

Annual NO Emissions

251.2300 2

2000

1

2 502,459.9069 2

4,546,525

637,800 179,088,ton d

20 2

2

  

  
70

Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor OilConsumption

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 1.13 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

NOx Emission Factor = 55 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00165 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 353.25 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

Sulfur Content = 2.25%

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 14.9413 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 5.5488 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.5 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

Pennsylvania Commercial Residual Consumption = 287,000 barrels = 12,054,000 gallons

 where:

Number of Commercial/Institutional County Employees (Allegheny County) = 637,800

Number of Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional Employees = 4,546,525

VOC Emissions:

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions poundsVOC per year

employees in state

employees in county thousgallons

year

gal s oil

lbs VOC

Annual VOCL Emissions

0.9554

2000

1

1910.7971

4,546,525

637,800 12,054 1000 Re .

1.13

  

  
71

Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor OilConsumption

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

NOx Emission Factor = 100 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

CO Emission Factor = 84 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

Pb Emission Factor = .0005 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 0.13 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.11 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 0.32 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional NG Consumption = 130,328 MMCF

where: 

Number of Allegheny County Commercial Employees = 637,800 

Number of Pennsylvania Commercial Employees = 4,546,525
72

CO Emissions:

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions poundsCO per year

employees in state

employees in count MMCFNG

year

MMCFNG

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

767.8775

2000

1

1,535,755.036

4,546,525

637,800 130,328

84

  

  

Commercial/Institutional LPG Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor LPGConsumption

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 21.91 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

NOx Emission Factor = 398.38 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

CO Emission Factor = 501.96 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.001827 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 2.39 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 0.797 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.438 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.28 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional LPG Consumption = 689,000 barrels 
73

where: 

Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =637,800 

Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 4,546,525

VOC Emissions:

tonsVOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions poundsVOC per year

employees in state

employees in county

BBL

year

BBL

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

1.0588

2000

1

2,117.7102

4,546,525

637,800 689,000 1000

21.91

  

  

Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor KeroseneConsumption

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 0.3278571 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

NOx Emission Factor = 19.28572 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

CO Emission Factor = 4.821429 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.001215 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 41.07857 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.041429 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.8003572 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.25 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

Pennsylvania Commercial Kerosene Consumption = 420,000 barrels = 17,640,000 gallons
74

where: 

Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =637,800

Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 4,546,525

SO2 Emissions:

tons SO per year

lbs

ton Annual SO Emissions pounds SO per year

employees in state

employees in county GAL

year

GAL

lbs SO

Annual SO Emissions

2 2 2

2

2

50.8263

2000

1

101,652.6791

4,546,525

637,800 17,640,000 1000

41.07857

  

  

Point Source Energy Adjustment

Because the point source inventory also includes commercial/institutional fuel combustion source categories, it is 

necessary to subtract point source inventory fuel use from the SEDS fuel consumption estimates. Table 5 displays the 

crosswalk between commercial/institutional fuel combustion non-point SCCs and associated point SCCs that EPA 

plans to use in the subtraction procedure. The subtractions will be performed after summing the point source 

throughput estimates to the state-level.
75

Table 5. Point Source Subtraction SCCs Relevant to Nonpoint Source 

Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel-if not specified at level 3)

2103001000 & 2103002000 -- Commercial/Institutional; Anthracite Coal; Total: All Boiler Types and Bituminous/Sub-bituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

103002xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Sub-bituminous Coal

10500202 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Coal)

50190002 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal - Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Coal)

50290002 Waste Disposal

Solid Waste Disposal -

Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Coal)

2103004000 -- Commercial/Institutional; Distillate Oil; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

103005xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil

10500205 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Distillate Oil)

50190005 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal - Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Distillate Oil)

50290005 Waste Disposal

Solid Waste Disposal -

Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Distillate Oil)

2103005000 -- Commercial/Institutional; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

103004xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil

2103006000 -- Commercial/Institutional; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

103006xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas

10500206 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Natural Gas)

203002xx Internal Combustion Engines Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas

50190006 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal - Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Natural Gas)

50290006 Waste Disposal

Solid Waste Disposal -

Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Natural Gas)

2103007000 -- Commercial/Institutional; Liquid Petroleum Gas; Total: All Combustor Types

103010xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

10500210 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (LPG)

203010xx Internal Combustion Engines Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

50190010 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal - Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (LPG)

50290010 Waste Disposal

Solid Waste Disposal -

Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (LPG)

2103008000 -- Commercial/Institutional; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

103009xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Wood/Bark Waste

10500209 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Wood)

2103011000 -- Commercial/Institutional; Kerosene; Total: All Combustor Types

203009xx Internal Combustion Engines Commercial/Institutional Kerosene/Naphtha (Jet Fuel)

50100603 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal - Government Fire Fighting (Kerosene)
County Allocation of State Activity Data

Year 2007 county-level activity estimates will be developed by allocating the state-level activity resulting from the adjustments to the 

SEDS data described above. The EPA compiled 2006 estimates of commercial sector (NAICS codes 42 through 81) employment 

from the Bureau of Census’ County Business Patterns 2006 for use in this procedure (Census, 2009a). A separate document describes 

how withheld County Business Patterns employment data were estimated (Divita, 2008). The EPA also developed 2006 county-level 

estimates of institutional sector (NAICS code 92) employment from 2007 local government employment data in the 2007 Census of 

Governments and adjustments reflecting each state’s 2006/2007 local government 

employment ratio (Census, 2009b).1 State-level commercial/institutional fuel combustion by fuel type was allocated to each county 

using the ratio of the number of commercial/institutional sector employees in each county to the total number of 

commercial/institutional sector employees in the state.

Emission Factors 

The EPA has compiled criteria and hazardous air pollutant emission factors for non-point source commercial/institutional fuel 

combustion categories (Huntley, 2009). These emission factors, which are too numerous to list here, are included in a spreadsheet 

within the ICI fuel combustion workbook. In most cases, these are the same emission factors that were used in preparing the 2002 

non-point source NEI (Pechan, 2006). Commercial/institutional wood combustion emission factors were obtained from an ICI fuel 

combustion study being performed for the Central Regional Air Planning Association (CENRAP) (Pechan, 2009a).

Potential Improvements 

States may wish to incorporate the following improvements in developing non-point source commercial/institutional fuel combustion 

emission estimates: Update SO2 emission factors to reflect coal sulfur content estimates for coal used in the industrial sector in 2006--

 

1 County-level federal and state government employment data are not available from the Bureau of the Census.
77

a recent review of industrial and commercial coal sulfur content values for the Central Regional Air Planning Association concluded 

that the 2002 NEI values are based on unrepresentative data (Pechan, 2009b).1

Additional References for Fuel Combustion - Commercial/Institutional

1. Census, 2009a: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, County Business Patterns 2006, available from: 

http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/download/06_data/index.html, accessed March 2009.

Census, 2009b: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, “Local Government Employment and Payroll, March 2006,” 

2007 Census of Governments, available from: http://www.census.gov/govs/www/apesloc06.html, accessed March 2009.

2. Divita, 2008: Divita, Frank, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., memorandum to Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, “County Business Patterns Calculations,” December 4, 2008.

3. EIA, 2008a: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, State Energy Data System – Consumption, Physical 

Units, 1960-2006, available from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html, released November 28, 2008.

4. EIA, 2008b: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, data available from: 

http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821use_dcu_nus_a.htm, release date December 23, 2008.

5. EPA, 2003: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Emissions from Nonroad 

Diesel Engines,” EPA420-R-03-008, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, April 2003.

6. Huntley, 2009: Huntley, Roy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “SCCs & emission factors to be used in 2008 NEI to 

Bollman May 1 2009.mdb [electronic file],” May 1, 2009.

 

1 Actual data characterizing sulfur content of coal consumed in the commercial sector is limited, but appears to be in-line with 

industrial coal consumption values. Therefore, industrial sector sulfur content can reasonably be assumed to be representative of 

commercial sector sulfur content.
78

7. Pechan, 2009a: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Area Combustion Source Emissions Inventory Improvement Methodology, 

Technical Memorandum,” E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., prepared for Central Regional Air Planning Association, March 20, 2009.

8. Pechan, 2009b: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Evaluation of ICI Combustion Coal Sulfur Content, Technical Memorandum,” 

prepared for Central Regional Air Planning Association, March 28, 2009.

9. Pechan, 2006: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. “Documentation for the Final 2002 Nonpoint Sector (Feb 06 Version) National 

Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants,” prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 2006.
79

FUEL COMBUSTION – INDUSTRIAL (7 SCCs: 2102001000,

SCC 2102002000, SCC 2102004000, SCC 2102005000,

SCC 2102006000, SCC 2102007000, SCC 2102011000)

Source Category Description

This sub-sector covers emissions from fuel combustion at stationary non-point sources within the industrial sector (i.e., sources that 

are not reported in the point source inventory because their emissions are too small). These documentation and fuel combustion 

emissions were calculated by E. H. Pechan and Associates. References are listed at the end of the Fuel Combustion – Industrial 

section. Industrial fuel combustion emissions will be computed for the following fuel types: coal, distillate oil, residual oil, natural 

gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), kerosene, and wood.

There are additional types of energy that are consumed in the industrial sector: asphalt and road oil; feedstocks, naphtha (less than 

401°F); feedstocks, other oils (greater than 401°F); lubricants; motor gasoline; miscellaneous petroleum products; pentanes plus; 

special naphthas; and waxes. With the exception of motor gasoline, all of these additional fossil fuels are not actually combusted 

(oxidized) but are used as chemical feedstocks, construction materials, lubricants, solvents, or reducing agents. Therefore, there are no 

industrial sector combustion emissions from these fuel types. As described in more detail later, most of the fuel types that are 

included in the industrial combustion sector, also have a non-fuel use component. Therefore, it is necessary to exclude this component 

in calculating non-point source industrial fuel combustion activity/emissions. Motor gasoline is not inventoried as a non-point source 

because it is expected that gasoline combustion in this sector is included in the non-road inventory.

The approach to be used in calculating emissions for industrial fuel combustion is to first develop state-level fuel consumption 

estimates, then to allocate these to the county-level, and then to multiply the resulting county-level consumption estimates by 

appropriate emission factors.
80

Source Classification. Table 1 displays the non-point SCCs associated with industrial fuel combustion.

Table 1. Non-point Source Industrial Fuel Combustion SCCs

SCC SCC Level 1

SCC Level 

2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4

21020010

00

Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion

Industrial Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

21020020

00

Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion

Industrial Bituminous/Sub-bituminous 

Coal

Total: All Boiler Types

21020040

00

Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion

Industrial Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC 

Engines

21020050

00

Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion

Industrial Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

21020060

00

Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion

Industrial Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC

Engines

21020070

00

Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion

Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas 

(LPG)

Total: All Boiler Types

21020080

00

Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion

Industrial Wood Total: All Boiler Types

21020110

00

Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion

Industrial Kerosene Total: All Boiler Types
81

Activity Data

Table 2 summarizes this sector’s non-point source activity data, units, and data source. Total state-level industrial sector energy 

consumption data are available from the Energy Information Administration (EIA)’s State Energy Data System (SEDS), and were 

used for most source categories (EIA, 2008a). However, as documented below, a number of adjustments were made to the SEDS 

data, and a separate EIA data source was used for distillate oil. Year 2006 SEDS data were used to estimate 2007 emissions because 

these were the latest year consumption data available at the time this work was performed in 2009

Table 2. Non-point Source Industrial Fuel Combustion Activity Data

SCC SCC Level 1

SCC 

Level 2

SCC Level 

3 SCC Level 4 Activity

Activity Data 

Source

21020010

00

Stationary Source 

Fuel Combustion

Industri

al

Anthracite 

Coal

Total: All 

Boiler Types

Thousand short tons of 

coal consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

21020020

00

Stationary Source 

Fuel Combustion

Industri

al

Bituminous/

Subbituminous 

Coal

Total: All 

Boiler Types

Thousand short tons of 

coal consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

21020040

00

Stationary Source 

Fuel Combustion

Industri

al

Distillate Oil Total: 

Boilers and 

IC Engines

Thousand barrels of 

distillate oil consumed

EIA’s Fuel Oil 

and Kerosene 

Salesa
82

SCC SCC Level 1

SCC 

Level 2

SCC Level 

3 SCC Level 4 Activity

Activity Data 

Source

21020050

00

Stationary Source 

Fuel Combustion

Industri

al

Residual Oil Total: All 

Boiler Types

Thousand barrels of 

residual oil consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

21020060

00

Stationary Source 

Fuel Combustion

Industri

al

Natural Gas Total: 

Boilers and 

IC Engines

Million cubic feet of 

natural gas consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

21020070

00

Stationary Source 

Fuel Combustion

Industri

al

Liquefied 

Petroleum 

Gas (LPG)

Total: All 

Boiler Types

Thousand barrels of 

LPG consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

21020080

00

Stationary Source 

Fuel Combustion

Industri

al

Wood Total: All 

Boiler Types

Billion Btu of wood 

consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

21020110

00

Stationary Source 

Fuel Combustion

Industri

al

Kerosene Total: All 

Boiler Types

Thousand barrels of 

kerosene consumed

EIA’s SEDSa

a With adjustments that are described in the text of this section.

Fuel-Specific Activity Data Adjustments

Coal - for industrial coal combustion, it was necessary to compile data representing a sub-set of total sector coal consumption. Data 

representing non-coke plant consumption were compiled from EIA because coal consumed by coke plants is accounted for in the point 

source inventory. The SEDS data do not provide coal consumption estimates by type of coal (i.e., anthracite versus bituminous/subbituminous) and in some cases, CAP emission factors differ between the two. Because anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the 

Commonwealth, while bituminous is mined in the western half, the emission calculations assume that eastern counties burn anthracite 

coal while western counties burn bituminous coal.
83

Industrial Coal Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor CoalConsumption

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 0.3 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 0.05 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 

NOx Emission Factor = 9 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 11 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 5.0 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00042 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year and bituminous coal/year

SO2 Emission Factor =34.71 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 91.96 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year (EPA default values for 

PA)

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 14.718 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 12 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 6.4224 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 1.4 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 0.08 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 0.04 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89%

Bituminous Coal Sulfur Content = 2.42%

Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash

Pennsylvania Industrial Coal Consumption = 2,597,000 tons

Number of Industrial County Employees (Allegheny County) = 41,656

Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578

where: 

Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 

Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578
84

CO Emissions:

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

employees in state

employees in county

ns

year

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

337.8204

2000

1

675,640.7995

800,578

41,656 2,597,000 t o

ton bituminous coal

5

  

  

Distillate Oil and LPG – the SEDS industrial sector distillate oil and LPG consumption data include consumption estimates for 

equipment that EPA includes in the non-road sector inventory. In particular, SEDS considers the following non-road source category 

activities to be part of the industrial sector: farming, logging, mining, and construction. To avoid double-counting of LPG 

consumption, EPA ran the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) for 2006 and calculated the national volume of non-road LPG 

consumption from agriculture, logging, mining, and construction source categories. 

This estimate was then divided into the SEDS total industrial sector LPG consumption estimate to yield the proportion of total 

industrial sector LPG consumption attributable to the non-road sector in that year (approximately 9 percent). 

To estimate the volume of industrial sector LPG consumption that should not be included in the non-point source industrial fuel 

combustion category, EPA subtracted 9 percent from each state’s industrial sector LPG consumption estimate reported in SEDS.

To avoid double-counting of distillate oil consumption between the non-point and non-road sector emission inventories, EPA relied on 

a source other than SEDS to estimate consumption. The approach uses more detailed distillate oil consumption estimates reported in 

EIA’s Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, and assumptions used in the regulatory impact analysis (RIA) for EPA’s non-road diesel 

emissions rulemaking (EIA, 2008b; EPA, 2003). 

Table 4 displays the assumptions that were applied to the state-level distillate oil consumption estimates reported in Fuel Oil and 

Kerosene Sales to estimate total stationary source industrial sector consumption.
85

Table 4. Assumptions Used to Estimate Industrial Sector Stationary Source Distillate Fuel Consumption

Sector Distillate Fuel Type

% of Total 

Consumption 

from Stationary 

Sources

Industrial No. 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 60

No. 2 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

No. 2 Distillate/Low and High Sulfur 

Diesel

15a

No. 4 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

Farm Diesel 0

Other Distillate Fuel Oil 100

Off-Highway

(Construction and 

Other)

Distillate Fuel Oil 5

a

This value differs from the 0% assumption adopted in EPA’s non-road diesel emissions rulemaking because it is known that some diesel fuel is 

used by stationary sources (a 15 percent value was selected for use as an approximate mid-point of a potential range of 8 to 24% stationary 

source use computed from a review of data from the EIA’s Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey and Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales). 

Industrial Distillate Oil Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor OilConsumption
86

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 0.20 lbs/thous gal. distillate oil/year

NOx Emission Factor = 20 lbs/thous gal. distillate oil/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/thous gal. distillate oil/year 

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00126 lbs/thous gal. distillate oil/year 

SO2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lbs/thous gal. distillate oil/year

Sulfur Content = 0.3%

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1 lbs/thous gal. distillate oil/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.25 lbs/thous gal. distillate oil/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/thous gal. distillate oil/year

Pennsylvania Industrial Distillate Oil Consumption = 2,521,000 barrels = 105,882 thouand gallons

 Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 

Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578 

SO2 Emissions:

tons SO per year

lbs

ton Annual SO Emissions pounds SO per year

employees in state

employees in county thousgallons

year

gal istoil

lbs SO

Annual SO Emissions

117.3479 2

2000

1

2 234,695.9787 2

800,578

41,656 105,882 1000 d

42.6 2

2

  

  
87

Industrial Residual Oil Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor OilConsumption

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 0.28 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

NOx Emission Factor = 47 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year 

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00165 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 353.25 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

Sulfur Content = 2.25%

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 20.7213 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 13.4963 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.5 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

Pennsylvania Industrial Residual Oil Consumption = 1,702,000 barrels = 71,484 thousand gallons

Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 

Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578 

PM10-FIL Emissions:

tons PM FIL per year

lbs

ton Annual PM FIL Emissions pounds PM FIL per year

employees in state

employees in county thousgallons

year

gal s oil

lbs PM FIL

Annual PM FIL Emissions

     

 



 

38.5363 10

2000

1

10 77,072.5553 10

800,578

41,656 71,484 1000 Re .

20.7213 10

10
88

Industrial Natural Gas Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor NGConsumption

where: 

VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

NOx Emission Factor = 100 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

CO Emission Factor = 84 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

Pb Emission Factor = .0005 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 0.13 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.11 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 0.32 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

Pennsylvania Industrial NG Consumption = 193,856 MMCF

where: 

Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 

Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578 

NOx Emissions:
89

tons NOx per year

lbs

ton Annual NOx Emissions pounds NOx per year

employees in state

employees in county MMCF

year

MMCF

lbs NOx

Annual NOx Emissions

504.3397

2000

1

1,008,679.421

800,578

41,656 193,856

100

  

  

Industrial LPG Gas Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor LPGConsumption

where: 
90

VOC Emission Factor = 21.91 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

NOx Emission Factor = 398.38 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

CO Emission Factor = 501.96 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.001827 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 2.39 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 0.797 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.438 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.28 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

Pennsylvania Industrial LPG Consumption = 3,923,000 bbl

Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 

Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578 

CO Emissions:

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions poundsCO per year

employees in state

employees in county BBL

year

BBL

lbs CO

Annual CO Emissions

51.2308

2000

1

102,461.6469

800,578

41,656 3,923,000 1000

501.96

  

  

Industrial Kerosene Combustion:

  



















Number of State Employees

Number of County Employees Annual Emissions Pollutant Emission Factor KeroseneConsumption

where: 
91

VOC Emission Factor = 0.1928471 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

NOx Emission Factor = 20.0 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.001215 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.0 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.25 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 

Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578 

SO2 Emissions:

tons S O per year

lbs

ton Annual S O Emissions poundsS O per year

employees in state

employees in county

year

Gal

lbs S O

Annual S O Emissions

2 2 2

2

2

1.8158

2000

1

3,630.7589

800,578

41,656 1,638,000 1000

42.6

  

 

Non-Fuel Use Energy Adjustment

Some industrial sector energy is consumed for non-fuel purposes. For example, natural gas is used as a feedstock in chemical 

manufacturing plants and to make nitrogenous fertilizer, and LPG is used to create intermediate products that are made into plastics. 

To estimate the volume of fuel that is associated with industrial combustion, it is necessary to subtract the volume of fuel consumption 

for non-energy uses from the volume of total fuel consumption. The EPA’s State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool (SIT) provides 

national defaults representing the percentage of total industrial fuel consumption from non-energy uses. These default values have an 

additional limitation beyond their lack of geographic detail - they represent the EIA’s definition of the industrial sector, which 

includes fuel consumption from industrial, farm, mining, and construction sectors that is accounted for in the non-road inventory. 
92

Furthermore, a review of the SIT default data indicates that all residual oil is consumed as a fuel source. However, the EIA’s 2002 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) indicates significant non-fuel use of residual oil in the manufacturing sector 

(EIA, 2007a). In discussions about this issue, EIA noted that the non-fuel use data in the SIT appeared to be incorrect, and that the 

MECS data were representative of 2002 non-fuel use (Lorenz, 2009). Given this concern, a review was conducted of the non-fuel use 

assumptions incorporated into the EIA’s GHG emissions inventory for 2005 (EIA, 2007b). For each type of industrial sector energy 

consumed in 2006, Table 5 summarizes EIA’s non-fuel use assumptions.

Table 5. Non-Fuel Use Information from EIA’s 2005 GHG Inventory

Fuel Non-Fuel Use 

Assumption

Asphalt and Road Oil 100%

Coal (non-coke) Yes (<100%)

Distillate Oil Yes (<100%)

Feedstocks, Naphtha <401°F 100%

Feedstocks, Other oils >401°F 100%

Kerosene None

LPG Yes (<100%)

Lubricants 100%

Misc. Petroleum Products 100%

Motor Gasoline None

Natural Gas Yes (<100%)

Pentanes Plus 100%

Residual Oil Yes (<100%)

Special Naphthas 100%

Waxes 100%

In calculating the emission activity for industrial fuel combustion, EPA excluded all SEDS fuel types for which EIA assumes 100 

percent of consumption is non-fuel use. 
93

For fuel types for which non-fuel use occurs, but is less than 100 percent, Pechan reviewed two information sources to identify the 

non-fuel use percentage to apply in the NEI. The first source was that listed by EIA in its 2005 national GHG inventory; the second 

was the EIA’s 2002 MECS. The MECS data has the advantage of providing region-specific estimates as well as values that exclude 

fuel consumption that is already accounted for in the non-road inventory. For distillate and residual fuel and natural gas, the EIA GHG 

inventory source was MECS. For LPG, it was not possible to use the EIA GHG inventory source for non-fuel consumption as it is a 

proprietary source published by the American Petroleum Institute. For non-coke coal, EIA extrapolated data from 1994. 

The MECS non-fuel consumption data treat coal that is used to produce coke as a feedstock, and therefore, MECS can not be used to 

represent non-coke coal consumption. The 2002 MECS data treat “synthetic coal” that is ultimately combusted as regular coal, as a 

non-fuel (feedstock) use. Because of the limitations of the MECS data, EPA obtained from EIA a rough estimate of the percentage of 

non-coking coal that is used for non-fuel purposes (while also treating “synthetic coal” as a fuel use). 

Based on the EIA’s estimate that 5-10 percent of non-coke coal is used for non-fuel purposes, EPA assumed that 7 percent of noncoke plant industrial sector coal consumption is for non-fuel purposes (Lorenz, 2009). Table 6 presents the non-fuel use percentages 

that were applied to estimate industrial fuel combustion activity.

Table 6. Industrial Sector Non-Fuel Use Estimates

Fuel

% Non-Fuel Use by Region

Northeast South Midwest West Source

Distillate Oil 5

a

9

b

9

b

5

a

2002 MECS

LPG 41a98 88 41a2002 MECS

Natural Gas 1 15 6 41 2002 MECS

Non-Coke 

Coal

7

c

7

c

7

c

7

c

Lorenz, 

2009

Residual Oil 0 25b25b8 2002 MECS

a Due to withheld data, value represents combination of Northeast and West region data.

b Due to withheld data, value represents combination of Midwest and South region data.

c Region-specific values not available.
94

Source Energy Adjustment

Because the point source inventory also includes industrial fuel combustion categories, it is necessary to subtract point source 

inventory fuel use from the SEDS fuel consumption estimates. 

Table 7 displays a crosswalk between industrial fuel combustion non-point SCCs and associated point SCCs that EPA plans to use in 

the subtraction procedure.1 The subtractions will be performed after summing the point source throughput estimates to the state-level.

County Allocation of State Activity Data

Year 2005 county-level activity estimates will be developed by allocating the state-level activity resulting from the adjustments to the 

EIA data described above. The EPA compiled 2006 estimates of manufacturing sector employment from the Bureau of Census’ 

County Business Patterns 2006 for use in this procedure (Census, 2009). State-level industrial fuel combustion by fuel type will be 

allocated to each county using the ratio of the number of manufacturing sector (NAICS codes 31-33) employees in each county to the 

total number of manufacturing sector employees in the state. 

A separate document describes how withheld County Business Patterns employment data were estimated (Divita, 2008).

Table 7. Point Source Subtraction SCCs Relevant to Non-point Source Industrial Fuel Combustion

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel-if not specified at level 3)

2102002000 – Industrial; Bituminous/Sub-bituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

102002xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Bituminous/Sub-bituminous Coal

10500102 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Industrial (Coal)

390002xx Industrial Processes In-Process Fuel Use Bituminous Coal

50390002 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal – Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Coal)

2102004000 – Industrial; Distillate Oil; Total: All Boilers and IC Engines

102005xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Distillate Oil

10201403 External Combustion Boilers Industrial CO Boiler (Distillate Oil)

 

1 As noted in a footnote to Table 7, it is important to exclude any natural gas pipeline fuel use from the point source subtraction 

procedure because SEDS includes such use in the Transportation sector rather than the Industrial sector.
95

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel-if not specified at level 3)

10500105 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Industrial (Distillate Oil)

202001xx Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Distillate Oil (Diesel)

20200401 Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Large Bore Engine (Diesel)

20200405 Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Crankcase Blow-by (Diesel)

20200406 Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Evaporative Losses (Fuel Storage and Delivery System) (Diesel)

20200407 Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Exhaust (Diesel)

27000320 Internal Combustion Engines Off-Highway Diesel Engines Industrial Equipment

30190001 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30190011 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30190021 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30290001 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30390001 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30390011 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30390021 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30400406 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Lead (Distillate Oil)

30490001 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30490011 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30490021 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30490031 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30500208 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (Distillate Oil)

30505022 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (Distillate Oil)

30590001 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30590011 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30590021 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30600901 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (Distillate Oil)

30609901 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (Distillate Oil)

30790001 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30790011 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30790021 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30890001 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics 

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30890011 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics 

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30890021 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics 

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30990001 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30990011 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

31000401 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Distillate Oil)
96

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel-if not specified at level 3)

31000411 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Distillate Oil)

31390001 Industrial Processes Electrical Equipment Process Heaters (Distillate Oil)

390005xx Industrial Processes In-Process Fuel Use Distillate Oil

39900501 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Process Heater/Furnace (Distillate Oil)

39990001 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Distillate Oil)

39990011 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Distillate Oil)

39990021 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Distillate Oil)

40201002 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (Distillate Oil)

40290011 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

49090011 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

49090021 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

50390005 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal – Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Distillate Oil)

2102005000 – Industrial; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

102004xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Residual Oil

10201404 External Combustion Boilers Industrial CO Boiler (Residual Oil)

202005xx Internal Combustion Boilers Industrial Residual/Crude Oil

30190002 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30190012 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30190022 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30290002 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30390002 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30390012 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30390022 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490002 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490012 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490022 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490032 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30500207 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (Residual Oil)

30505021 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (Residual Oil)

30590002 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30590012 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30600111 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

30600902 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (Residual Oil)

30609902 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (Residual Oil)

30790002 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30790012 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30790022 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30890002 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)
97

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel-if not specified at level 3)

Products

30890012 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics 

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30890022 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics 

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30990002 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30990012 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

31000402 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

31000412 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

31390002 Industrial Processes Electrical Equipment Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

390004xx Industrial Processes In-Process Fuel Use Residual Oil

39990002 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Residual Oil)

39990012 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Residual Oil)

39990022 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Residual Oil)

40201003 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (Residual Oil)

40290012 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

49090012 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

49090022 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

2102006000 – Industrial; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

102006xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Natural Gas

10201401 External Combustion Boilers Industrial CO Boiler (Natural Gas)

10500106 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Natural Gas)

202002xxaInternal Combustion Engines Industrial Natural Gas

30190003 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30190013 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30190023 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30290003 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30291001 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30390003 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30390013 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30390023 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30400407 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Lead (Natural Gas)

30490003 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30490013 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30490023 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30490033 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30500206 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (Natural Gas)

30505020 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (Natural Gas)
98

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel-if not specified at level 3)

30590003 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30590013 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30590023 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30600105 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

30600903 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (Natural Gas)

30602401 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Reciprocating Engine Compressors (Natural Gas)

30609903 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (Natural Gas)

30622003 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Underground Storage and Other Remediation: Soil: Natural Gas

30622403 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Underground Storage and Other Remediation: Air Stripping: Natural Gas

30790003 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30790013 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30790023 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30890003 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics 

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30890013 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics 

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30890023 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics 

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30990003 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30990013 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30990023 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

31000404 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

31000414 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

31390003 Industrial Processes Electrical Equipment Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

390006xx Industrial Processes In-process Fuel Use Natural Gas

39900601 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Process Heater/Furnace (Natural Gas)

39990003 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Natural Gas)

39990013 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Natural Gas)

39990023 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Natural Gas)

40201001 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (Natural Gas)

40290013 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

40290023 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

49090013 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

49090023 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

50390006 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal – Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Natural Gas)

2102007000 – Industrial; LPG; Total: All Boiler Types

102010xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas

10500110 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Industrial (LPG)
99

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel-if not specified at level 3)

202010xx Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas

27300320 Internal Combustion Engines Off-highway LPG-fueled Engines Industrial Equipment

30290005 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (LPG)

30490035 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Propane)

30500209 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (LPG)

30505023 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (LPG)

30590005 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (LPG)

30600107 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Process Heaters (LPG)

30600905 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (LPG)

30609905 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (LPG)

30890004 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics 

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (LPG)

31000406 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Propane/Butane)

390010xx Industrial Processes In-process Fuel Use Liquefied Petroleum Gas

39901001 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Process Heater/Furnace (LPG)

40201004 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (LPG)

50390010 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal - Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (LPG)

2102008000 – Industrial; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

102009xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Wood/Bark Waste

390009xx Industrial Processes In-process Fuel Use Wood

2102011000 – Industrial; Kerosene; Total: All Boiler Types

202009xx Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Kerosene/Naphtha (Jet Fuel)

a Note that EIA’s SEDS includes natural gas used as pipeline fuel (e.g., for use in compressor engines) in the Transportation sector rather than the Industrial sector Therefore, such 

pipeline use should not be included in the point source subtraction procedure.

d. Emission Factors 

The EPA has compiled criteria and hazardous air pollutant emission factors for non-point source industrial fuel combustion categories 

(Huntley, 2009). These emission factors, which are too numerous to list here, are included in a spreadsheet within the ICI fuel 

combustion workbook. In most cases, these are the same emission factors that were used in preparing the 2002 non-point source NEI 

(Pechan, 2006). Industrial LPG and wood combustion emission factors were obtained from an ICI fuel combustion study being 

performed for the Central Regional Air Planning Association (CENRAP) (Pechan, 2009a).
100

Potential Improvements 

The following are potential improvements that states may wish to incorporate in developing non-point source industrial fuel 

combustion emission estimates:

 Investigate the availability of more geographic and year-specific estimates of non-fuel use consumption of industrial energy 

(e.g., MECS is planning to release 2006 year data in the coming months);

 Consider implementing a county allocation procedure that Pechan developed for the Central Regional Air Planning 

Association (CENRAP) that reflects the energy-intensity of each industrial sector--current methods only reflect number of 

employees in each industry sector (Pechan, 2009a); and

 Update SO2 emission factors to reflect coal sulfur content estimates for coal used in the industrial sector in 2006--a recent 

review of industrial coal sulfur content values for CENRAP concluded that the 2002 NEI values are based on unrepresentative 

data (Pechan, 2009b).

Additional References for Fuel Combustion - Industrial

Census, 2009: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, County Business Patterns 2006, Washington, DC, available 

from: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/download/06_data/index.html accessed March 2009.
101

Divita, 2008: Divita, Frank, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., memorandum to Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

“County Business Patterns Calculations,” December 4, 2008.

EIA, 2008a: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, State Energy Data System – Consumption, Physical 

Units, 1960-2006, available from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html, released November 28, 2008.

EIA, 2008b: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, data available from 

http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821use_dcu_nus_a.htm, release date December 23, 2008.

EIA, 2007a: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, 2002 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, U.S. 

Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, accessed from 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs/mecs2002/data02/shelltables.html, issued January 2007.

EIA, 2007b: Energy Information Administration, US Department of Energy, Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in 

the United States 2005, DOE/EIA-0638 (2005), October 2007.
102

GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs) 

(Stage I SCC 2501060053, Stage II Uncontrolled SCC 2501060101, Stage II Controlled SCC 2501060102, Underground Storage 

Tank Breathing and Emptying SCC 2501060201, Truck Transit SCC 2505030120)

Gasoline marketing involves the operations typically associated with transporting gasoline from refineries to final consumption in 

gasoline-powered vehicles. Evaporative emissions of VOCs occur at all points in the distribution process. The operations that were 

inventoried as area sources are gasoline dispensing outlets and gasoline tank trucks in transit. Bulk terminals and outlets are 

inventoried as point sources. VOC emissions result from the following sources: 1) Stage I (tank truck unloading into underground 

storage tanks), 2) Stage II (vehicle fueling), 3) Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying, and 4) Truck Transit.

Each category’s emission factors were obtained from AP-42 Fire factors1. Throughputs were calculated from monthly data obtained 

from the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue Bureau of Motor Fuel Taxes2. County and state populations3 were used to apportion 

the gasoline throughput to each county. Control efficiency (CE)4,

5

rule penetration (RP)4,

5

and rule effectiveness (RE) factors were 

 

1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission 

Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Chapter 5: Petroleum Industry, Table 5.2-7., January 

1995, Accessed October 2009.

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch05/index.html

2

Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, “Monthly Revenue Report”, accessed October 2009. 

http://www.revenue.state.pa.us/revenue/cwp/view.asp?a=13&q=201148

3 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009.

4

25 Pa. Code Section 129.60, “Bulk Gasoline Plants,” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.60.html

5

25 Pa. Code Section 129.61, “Small Gasoline Storage Tank Control (Stage I Control),” available from 

http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.61.html
103

applied to Stage I for each county to reflect the application of vapor balance systems. A RE factor was applied to Stage II to each 

regulated county. CE, RP, and RE factors were applied to Underground Storage Tank Breathing to reflect the application of pressure 

relief valves. There were no point sources for this source category. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample 

calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Stage I:

  



















State Pop

County Pop Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor State Annual Gasoline Sales

where: 

Emission Factor = 7.3 lbs VOC/1000 gallons

State Annual Gasoline Sales = 2,360,855,769 gallons/year

County Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)

State Population = 12,432,792

Control Efficiency (CE) = 96%

Rule Penetration (RP) = 96%

Rule Effectiveness (RE) = 80%

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

year

gallons

gallons

lbs VOC Annual VOC Emissions

222.0063

2000

1

444,012.605

100

80

100

96

100

96 1

12,432,792

2,360,855,769 1,219,210

1000

7.3

  













   

















































 
104

Stage II:

Vehicle refueling VOC emissions were estimated using AP-42 factors, monthly gasoline sales estimates and county populations. 

These are the same gasoline sales figures that are used to estimate Stage I emissions.

Stage II control program information was included for the counties with controls based on program information regarding control 

efficiency from Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania counties with Stage II controls are Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Bucks, Butler, 

Chester, Delaware, Fayette, Montgomery, Philadelphia, Washington, and Westmoreland.

Population data were used to allocate monthly Pennsylvania gasoline sales to each county. 

Stage II Controlled:

  



















State Pop

County Pop Allegheny VOC Emissions VOC Emission Factor State Gasoline Sales

where:

Emission Factor = 1.1 lb/1000 gallons

State Gasoline Consumption =2,360,855,769 gallons

2007 Allegheny County Pop = 1,219,210

 2007 State Population = 12,432,792

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

pop

pop

year

gallons

gallons

lbs VOC Annual VOC Emissions

25.4667

2000

1

50,933.3199

100

80

100

100

100

100 1

12,432,792

2,360,855,769 1,219,210

1000

1.1

  













  


















































105

Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying:

  



















State pop

County pop Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor State Annual Gasoline Sales

where: 

Emission Factor = 1.0 lbs VOC/1000 gallons

2007 State Gasoline Sales = 2,360,855,769 gallons/year

County Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County) 

State Population = 12,432,792 

Control Efficiency (CE) = 90% 

Rule Penetration (RP) = 96% 

Rule Effectiveness (RE) = 80%

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

year

gallons

gallons

lbs VOC Annual VOC Emissions

35.7459

2000

1

71,491.8599

100

80

100

96

100

90 1

12,432,792

2,360,855,769 1,219,210

1000

1.0

  













   
















































106

Truck Transit:

  



















State Pop

County Pop Annual VOC Emissions Emission Factor State Annual Gasoline Sales

where: 

Emission Factor = 0.06 lbs VOC/1000 gallons

State Annual Gasoline Sales = 2,360,855,769 gallons/year

County Pop = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County) 

State Pop = 12,432,792 

(The emission factor is based on the assumption that gasoline delivery is via single trips and accounts for both full and empty truck 

travel.)

tons VOC per year

pounds

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

pop

pop

day

gallons

gallons

lbs VOC Annual VOC Emissions

6.9454

2000

1

13,890.9054

12,432,792

2,360,855,769 1,219,210

1000

0.06

  


















































107

GRAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000)

The graphic arts industry can be divided by technology into six different printing segments: rotogravure, flexographic, offset 

lithographic, letterpress, screen, and plateless (xerographic,electrostatic, magnetic, thermal, ink-jet, etc.). Graphic arts include 

operations that are involved in the printing of publications, such as newspapers, magazines, books, and advertising, and also printed 

packaging on various substrates such as paper, plastic, foil bags, wrappers, cardboard cartons, and metal cans. Paper can be coated or 

uncoated. Films include polyethylene and a number of other polymers. Other products include wall and floor coverings, greeting 

cards, and paper towels. Textiles are specifically excluded from the graphic arts operations source category.

Emissions of VOCs result from evaporation of solvents used in inks and cleaning. The emissions for each county were calculated 

using a per capita emission factor1and U.S. Census Bureau population data2. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted 

from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population)

where:

Emission Factor = 4.4 lbs VOC/person/year3

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)2

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed October 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009.
108

HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS (SCC 2460200000) 

Household products consist primarily of cleaning products for hard surfaces, clothing, carpet, dishes waxes and polishes. Other 

products include air fresheners and charcoal lighter fluids. These products have air emissions such as special napthas, alcohols, 

carbonyls and other organics that contain VOCs. The amount of VOCs emitted primarily depends on the VOC content of the product 

and the amount of product used.

County-level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program (EIIP)

1

and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data2. The emission factor represents pre-control 

emission rates. A CE of 10.94 percent3and an RP of 48.6 percent4 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. 

There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, 

Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4-1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement 

Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009.

3

ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules, 

prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.
109

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Population

where:

Emission Factor = 0.79 lbs VOC/person/year1

 Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)

1

 Control Efficiency = 10.94% 

 RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6%4

 RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

455.98

2000

1

911,965.38

100

100

100

48.6

100

10.94 1,219,210 1

0.79

















 













  






















110

INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE COATINGS (SCC 2401100000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of solvents from surface coating of objects and materials 

that may exist in extreme conditions. There were no point sources. The emissions for each county were calculated using a per capita 

emission factor1and U.S. Census Bureau population data2. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample 

calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

Annual VOC Emissions  Emission FactorPopulation 

where:

Emission Factor = 0.15 lbs VOC/person/year1

Population = 1,219,210 people (Allegheny County)2

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people person Annual VOC Emissions

91.4408

2000

1

182,881.5000

1,219,210

year

0.15 lbs VOC

  

 

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009.
111

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000) 

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the coating process in manufacturing 

facilities of such as engines, turbines, farm and garden equipment, computers, and office machinery. The emissions for each county 

were calculated using an employment-based emission factor1and employee data2from NAICS Codes 3331XX, 3332XX, 3333XX and 

33341XX obtained from County Business Pattern, with midpoints calculated by E.H. Pechan and Associates. Point source emissions, 

where present, were subtracted from the Machinery and Equipment category emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 109 lbs VOC /employee/year1

Employees = 1,119 employees (Allegheny County)2

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 18, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters 

reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment 

midpoint and adjustment factor.
112

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

60.9855

2000

1

121,971

1,119

109

  






















113

MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000)

This source category includes ship and boat building and repairing. The emissions were calculated using an employment-based 

emission factor1and employee data from NAICS codes 3366XX and 488390. The number of employees in each county for 2006 was 

collected by E.H. Pechan and Associates, who calculated the midpoints from any given ranges2. Each county’s emissions were 

estimated per the following sample calculations below. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission 

estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 198 lbs VOC /employee/year

Employees = 5 employees (Allegheny County)

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed October, 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters 

reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment 

midpoint and adjustment factor.
114

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Employees

year

Employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

0.489

2000

1

990

5

198

  






















115

METAL CANS (SCC 2401040000) 

This source category includes the manufacturing of metal cans, barrels, drums, kegs, and pails. The emissions from point sources, 

where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding county. The emissions for each county were calculated per the 

calculation below using an employment-based emission factor1and employee data from NAICS Code 332431, obtained from County 

Business Patterns

2

. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) 

where:

Emission Factor = 2,326 lbs VOC/employee/year

1

Employees =10 employees (Allegheny County)

2

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters 

reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment 

midpoint and adjustment factor.
116

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Employees

year

Employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

11.63

2000

1

23,260

10

2,326

  






















117

METAL FURNITURE (SCC 2401025000) 

This source category includes manufacturing metal household and office furniture, such as beds, cabinets, desks, bookcases, and 

chairs. The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employment-based emission factor1

and employee data for NAICS codes 337124, 337214, and half of NAICS codes 337127, 339111 and 337215. The number of 

employees in each county for 2007 was obtained from County Business Patterns2for year 2006 by E. H. Pechan and Associates, who 

performed calculations for midpoints and adjustment factors for any ranges that were obtained. Point source emissions, where 

present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 772 lbs VOC /employee/year

Employees = 102 employees (Allegheny County)

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters 

reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment 

midpoint and adjustment factor.
118

METAL SHEETS, STRIPS, COILS (SCC 2401045000) 

This source category includes the manufacturing of metal sheets, strips and coils, of which functional coatings may be added for 

protective purposes. This can be accomplished by brushing, rolling, spraying, dipping, flow coating, electro-coating, or specialized 

combinations or variations of these methods. Emissions result from the evaporation of the paint solvent and any additional solvent 

used to thin

the coating and from the use of solvents in cleaning the surface prior to

coating and in cleaning coating equipment after use. 

Emissions for each county were calculated per the calculation below using an employment-based emission factor1and employee data 

from NAICS Codes 339911, 339914, 332812 and 339912. The number of employees in each county for 2006 was obtained from 

County Business Patterns

2

by E. H. Pechan and Associates, who also performed the calculations of midpoints and adjustment factors 

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 8, 

Industrial Surface Coating,” Table 8.5-1, Principal Industrial Surface Coating SIC, September 1997, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters 

reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment 

midpoint and adjustment factor.
119

from any associated ranges obtained. The emissions from point sources, where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the 

corresponding county.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) 

where:

Emission Factor = 2,877 lbs VOC/employee/year1

Employees =514 employees (Allegheny County)2

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Employees

year

Employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

739.389

2000

1

1,478,778

514

2,877

  






















120

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090000) 

This source category includes small industrial surface coating establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing products not 

classified in any other group such as jewelry, silverware, musical instruments, dolls, toys, games, pens, pencils, buttons, brooms, and 

caskets. Operations involve applying a thin layer of coating, such as paint, lacquer, enamel and varnish, to an object for decorative 

purposes. The surface coating products are either water-based or solvent based liquid carriers that mostly evaporate in the drying or 

curing process.

The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using a per capita emission factor1and U.S. Census 

Bureau population data2. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population)

where:

Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs VOC/person/year

Population =1,219,210 (Allegheny County)

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 8, 

Industrial Surface Coating,” Table 8.5-2, National Default Per Capita VOC Emission Factors, September 1997, accessed March 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009.
121

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

365.763

2000

1

731,526

1,219,210

0.6

  


























122

MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS (NOT OTHERWISE COVERED) (SCC 2460900000) 

Miscellaneous consumer products not covered in the other product groups include arts and crafts supplies, non-pesticidal veterinary 

and pet products, and pressurized food products. 

County-level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program (EIIP)1and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data2. A CE of 0 percent3and an RP of 48.6 percent

4

were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Population

where:

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, 

Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4-1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement 

Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed March 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009.

3

ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules, 

prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.
123

Emission Factor = 0.07 lbs VOC/person/year1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)2

 Control Efficiency = 0%3

 RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6%4

 RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

42.67

2000

1

85,344.7

100

100

100

48.6

100

0

1,219,210 1

0.07

















 













  






















124

OPEN BURNING (3 CCs)

(Residential Household Waste SCC 2610030000; Residential Yard Waste – Leaves, SCC 2610000100; Residential Yard Waste -

Brush SCC 2610000400)

Open burning can be done in open drums or baskets, in fields and yards, and in large open dumps or pits. Materials commonly 

disposed of in this manner include household waste, landscape refuse, agricultural field refuse, wood refuse, and leaves. For emission 

inventory purposes, Open Burning is divided into four categories: Residential Household Waste; Residential Leaf; Residential Brush;

Land Clearing.

County-level emissions were calculated for Residential Household Waste using an emission factor which was obtained from the 

Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP)1and U.S. Bureau of the Census 20002and 20073population data. There are no point 

sources associated with this category.

Throughput data was obtained from the percent Rural 2000 county population numbers applied to the 2007 county populations. The 

average household size4 was considered to be 2.5 residents and the average amount of waste produced per household4 was considered 

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 16, 

Open Burning,” Table 16.4-1, Emission Factors for Open Burning of Municipal Refuse (EPA, 1997 & EPA,1995a) available at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed December 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2000 Census Data, 

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DownloadCenterServlet

3 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009

4

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 16, 

Open Burning,” Example 16.4-1, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed December 2009.
125

to be 5.37 lbs/day or 1960.05 lbs/year or 0.9800 tpy. The loading factor4was 6.7% to reflect the percent of rural households who 

actually burn their household trash.

For counties with areas labeled as Air Basins it was assumed that no open burning of household waste was being accomplished and 

therefore no emissions were calculated.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential Household Waste Burning:

VOC Emission Factor = 8.560 lbs/ ton waste/year

NOx Emission Factor = 6 lbs/ ton waste/year

CO Emission Factor = 85 lb/ ton waste/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 1.0 lbs/ ton waste/year

PM10 Emission Factor = 38.0 lbs/ton waste/year

PM2.5 Emission Factor = 34.8 lbs/ ton waste/year

CO Emission Factor = 85.0 lbs/ ton waste/year

Loading Factor = 0.067 tons waste/2.5 person household

Rural Households = 24,109 (Adams County – this is non-air basin county) 

CE (Control Efficiency) = 0% 

RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% 

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80% (reflects PA’s Solid Waste rules)
126

VOC Emissions for Adams County:

   

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

tons households lf

year

ton waste

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

6.775

2000

1

13,550.45

100

80

100

100

100

0

0.98 24,109 0.067 1

8.560

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Yard Wastes

Yard waste burning is the open burning of materials such as grass clippings, leaves, and trimmings from trees and shrubs. Yard waste 

burning takes place where the waste is generated (i.e., residences, parks, institutions such as universities or hospitals, office complexes 

or other areas where grounds maintenance generates this type of waste) or waste disposal sites where wastes have been collected. 

Many municipalities, who provide leaf removal and composting, prohibit or restrict the burning of yard wastes. 

County-level emissions were calculated for the Open Burning categories of Residential Yard Waste - Leaves and Residential Yard 

Waste - Brush using emission factors obtained from AP-42 factors1, 1995.

Throughput data was obtained by applying the percent Rural 2000 county population2to the 2007 county populations3. The average 

amount of leaf waste produced per person1 was considered to be 0.64 lbs/day or 0.00728 tpy calculated for the months of September, 

 

1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission 

Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, AP-42, Fifth Edition, January 1995.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2000 Census Data, 

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DownloadCenterServlet

3 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009
127

October and November. The loading factor2of 28% was applied to reflect the percent of rural population who actually burn their yard 

leaf waste. For counties with areas labeled as Air Basins it was assumed that no open burning of household waste was being 

accomplished and therefore no emissions were calculated.

Leaf Open Burning:

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 28 lbs/ton waste/year

NOx Emission Factor = 6.2 lbs/ton waste/year

CO Emission Factor = 112 lbs/ton waste/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.76 lbs/ton waste/year

PM2.5 Emission Factor = 22 lbs/ton waste/year

PM10 Emission Factor = 22 lbs/ton waste/year

Average amount Leaf Waste/person = 0.64 lbs/day or 

58.24 lbs/person for (Sept. Oct. Nov.)

Yard Waste Average Composition = 50% grass/ 25% brush/25% leaves

Average Leaf Waste per person = 14.56 lbs or 0.00728 tpy

Loading Factor = 0.28 tons waste/person

Population = 94,437 people (Adams County – this is a non-air basin county)

CE (Control Efficiency) = 0% 

RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% 

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80% 

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 16, 

Open Burning,” 4.1.3 Yard Wastes, example (16.4-5) available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, 

accessed December 

2009.

2

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed December 2009. 
128

Leaf Open Burning; Example PM10 Calculation for Adams County:

  

tons PM per year

lbs

ton Annual PM Emissions pounds PM per year

rural

year person

ton waste

lbs PM

Annual PM Emissions

1.3514 10

2000

1

10 2702.9306 10

100

80

100

100

100

0

60,273 0.28 1

0.00728

22 10

10

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Additional References for Open Burning:

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Open Burning in Residential Areas, Emissions Inventory Development Report,” prepared for MidAtlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, January 31, 2004.

Pennsylvania Code, Section 25, Chapter 129.14 , available at http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.14.html
129

OTHER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATINGS (SCC 2401200000) 

This category includes special purpose coatings used for applications such as maintenance operations at industrial and other facilities, 

auto refinishing, traffic paints, marine finishes, and aerosol sprays. Note that this category covers those specific coating processes not 

already included in other source categories (e.g., Industrial Maintenance Coatings). Emissions for this category were estimated using a 

per capita emission factor1and U.S. Bureau of the Census population data2. Each county’s emissions were calculated per the following 

sample calculations. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.007 lbs VOC/person/year1

Population 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)2

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed August 2009. 

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009.

Annual VOC Emissions  Emission FactorPopulation 
130

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

people

year

person

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

4.2672

2000

1

8,534.47

1,219,210

0.007

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131

PAPER, FOIL AND FILM (SCC 2401030000) 

This source category includes the manufacturing of paper, foil and film. The emissions from point sources, where present, were 

subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding county. Emissions for each county were calculated per the calculation below using 

an employment-based emission factor1and employee data from NAICS Codes 322221, 322222, 322223, 322225 and 322226. The 

number of employees in each county for 2006 was obtained from County Business Patterns2by E. H. Pechan and Associates, who also 

performed the calculations of midpoints and adjustment factors from any associated ranges.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) 

where:

Emission Factor = 735 lbs VOC/employee/year

Employees =862 employees (York County) 

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009. 

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters 

reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment 

midpoint and adjustment factor.
132

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Employees

year

Employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

316.785

2000

1

633,570

862

735

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133

PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS (SCC 2460100000)

Personal care products include hair care products, deodorants and antiperspirants, perfumes, colognes, and nail care products. Ethanol 

and isopropanol are the primary solvents used in the formulation of these products. Each county’s emissions were calculated using a 

per capita emission factor

1 which was obtained from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) and U.S. Bureau of the 

Census 2007 population data2. A control efficiency of 12.11%3and a rule penetration of 48.6%4are applied in the 2007 inventory to 

reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: 

   











   

100 100 100

1

CE RP RE Annual VOC Emissions EmissionFactor Population

where:

Emission Factor = 2.32 lbs VOC/person/year1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)1

 

1

Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, 

Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4-1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement 

Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html, accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009.

3

ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules, 

prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.
134

 Control Efficiency = 12.11%3

 RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6%4

 RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds per year

year

person

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

1331.05

2000

1

2,662,093.01

100

100

100

48.6

100

12.11 1,219,210 1

2.32

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135

PORTABLE FUEL CONTAINERS – GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION (10 SCCs) 

The following SCC (2501011011, 2501011012, 2501011013, 2501011014, 2501011015, 2501012011, 2501012012, 2501012013, 

2501012014, 2501012015) category’s emissions were calculated by E.H. Pechan and Associates. The following documentation was 

prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates:

1. GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION – PORTABLE FUEL CONTAINERS

Portable fuel containers (PFCs, or gas cans) are consumer products used to refuel a wide variety of gasoline-powered equipment.

The general approach to calculating emissions for this SCC is to take the inventories already prepared by the EPA for 2002 and 2010 

and apply a linear fit between to get 2008 emissions. 

For this source category, the following SCCs were assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2501011011 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans Permeation

2501011012 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans

Evaporation 

(includes Diurnal 

losses)

2501011013 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans

Spillage During 

Transport

2501011014 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans

Refilling at the Pump 

- Vapor 

Displacement

2501011015 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans

Refilling at the Pump 

- Spillage

2501012011 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage

Commercial Portable Gas 

Cans Permeation
136

2501012012 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage

Commercial Portable Gas 

Cans

Evaporation 

(includes Diurnal 

losses)

2501012013 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage

Commercial Portable Gas 

Cans

Spillage During 

Transport

2501012014 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage

Commercial Portable Gas 

Cans

Refilling at the Pump 

- Vapor 

Displacement

2501012015 Storage and Transport

Petroleum and Petroleum Product 

Storage

Commercial Portable Gas 

Cans

Refilling at the Pump 

- Spillage

Activity data for the 2002 and 2010 inventories were developed using EPA’s Non-road Model which uses a variety of variables like 

equipment size, equipment population, equipment age, RVP, and air temperature to estimate activity. 

There are at least 15 states which have enacted or are considering rules for PFCs. Due to the complexities in calculating emissions, 

these rules have already been accounted for in the emissions, but will not be listed in the control table. 

Section 2.2 of the EPA PFC report details emission factors used for each of the activities associated with PFCs. 

Emissions are calculated in the formula:

EmisCounty, Pollutant = m x yeardiff + Emis2002

where:

m = (Emis2010 – Emis2002) / (2010 – 2002)
137

Example:

Using SCC 2501011011 in Allegheny County PA as an example:

Emis2010 = 60.7 tons VOC

Emis2002 = 181.7 tons VOC

m = (60.7 – 181.7) / (2010 – 2002) = -15.125

EmisAlegheny, VOC = -15.125 x (2008-2002) + 181.7

= 90.95 tons VOC

Reference:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Estimating Emissions Associated with Portable Fuel Containers (PFCs). Ann Arbor 

Michigan. February 2007. 
138

PUBLIC OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (SCC: 2630020000)

Public Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) are wastewater treatment plants typically owned by municipalities in Pennsylvania. Year

2007 POTW flow rate data for Pennsylvania facilities was extrapolated by E.H. Pechan and Associates from EPA national 

projections1and allocated to county-level by population2. VOC Emission Factor based on a TriTAC study 3per E.H. Pechan and 

Associates.

SAMPLE VOC CALCULATIONS:

2007 County Wastewater Flow = (Nat. Wastewater Flow)(County Population/Nat. Population)

where:

2007 National Wastewater Flow = 13,423,660 million gallons1

2007 County Population (Allegheny) = 1,219,2104

2007 National Population = 301,290,3325

 

1

Projected national POTW flow rates from EPA

2 National flow rate allocated to county-level by population, by E.H. Pechan and Associates.

3 VOC Emission Factor based on a TriTAC study. Prakasam Tata, Jay Witherspoon, Cecil Lue-Hing (eds.), VOC Emissions from 

Wastewater Treatment Plants: Characterization, Control, and Compliance, Lewis Publishers, 2003, p. 261.

4 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population Estimates Program,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 

2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html, accessed March 2009.

5

2007 US population found at U.S. Census Bureau, http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-

_box_head_nbr=GCT-T1-R&-ds_name=PEP_2008_EST&-_lang=en&-format=US-40S&-_sse=on 
139

  

E gal

AlleghenyCo WastewaterFlow E gal

54,320.5632 6

2007( .) 1,219,210 / 301,290,332 13,423,660 6





SAMPLE VOC CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions  EmissionFactorCounty Wastewater Flow

where:

Emission Factor = 0.85 lbs VOC/millions of gallons flow3

Wastewater Flow = 54,320.5632 million gallons (Allegheny County)2

 

tons VOC

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions lbs

E gallons lbs AlleghenyCo

year

E gals

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

23.0862

2000

1

46,172.4787

54,320.5632 6 46,172.4787 ( .) 6

0.85

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140

RAILROAD SOLVENTS (SCC 2401085000) 

This source category includes Railcar building and repairing. The emissions were calculated using an employment-based emission 

factor1and employee data from NAICS code 3365XX. The number of employees in each county for 2006 was collected by E.H. 

Pechan and Associates, who calculated the midpoints from any given ranges2. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the 

following sample calculations below. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 222 lbs VOC /employee/year

Employees = 1722.89 employees (Allegheny County)

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed October 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters 

reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment 

midpoint and adjustment factor.
141

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

Employees

year

Employee

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

191.24079

2000

1

382,481.58

1,722.89

222

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142

RESIDENTIAL COAL FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION (2 SCCs: SCC 2104001000, SCC 2104002000)

Residential Coal Combustion is coal that is burned to heat residential housing. 

These documentation and fuel combustion emissions were calculated by E. H. Pechan and Associates. References are listed at the end 

of the Residential Coal Fossil Fuel Combustion section. The general approach to calculating emissions for these two SCCs is to take 

state coal consumption values from the EIA and allocate it to the county level using methods described below. County-level coal 

consumption is multiplied by the emission factors to calculate emissions.

For this source category, the following SCCs were assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2104001000 Stationary 

Source Fuel 

Combustion

Residential Anthracite Coal All Boiler 

Types

2104002000 Stationary 

Source Fuel 

Combustion

Residential Bituminous/ 

Subbituminous 

Coal

All Boiler 

Types

Activity Data

The mass of coal consumed by residential combustion in the U.S. was used to estimate emissions. Coal consumption by energy use 

sector is presented in State Energy Data 2006 Consumption tables published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA).1 Year 

2006 consumption data were used as a surrogate for 2007 emissions because year 2006 data were the latest data available when this 

inventory was prepared.

Fuel-Specific Activity Data Adjustments

Coal - for residential coal combustion, the EIA data do not distinguish between anthracite and bituminous coal consumption estimates.

(i.e., anthracite versus bituminous/sub-bituminous) Because anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the Commonwealth, while 
143

bituminous is mined in the western half, the emission calculations assume that eastern counties burn anthracite coal while western 

counties burn bituminous coal.

State-level coal consumption was allocated to each county using the US Census Bureau’s 2000 Census Detailed Housing 

Information.3These data include the number of housing units using a specific type of fuel for residential heating. State coal 

consumption was allocated to each county using the ratio of the number of houses burning coal in each Anthracite or Bituminous coalburning county to the total number of Anthracite or Bituminous coal-burning housing units in the State.

No controls were assumed for this category

Emission Factors

In some cases (see Table 2), SO2 and PM emission factors required information on the sulfur and/or ash content of the coal burned. 

State-specific sulfur and ash contents of anthracite and bituminous coal were obtained from data compiled in preparing the 1999 

residential coal combustion emissions estimates.4This study mostly relied on data obtained from USGS COALQUAL database. 

States not included in the database but that reported coal usage were assigned values based on their proximity to coal seams or using 

an average value for Pennsylvania (see report for details of the analysis). 

Table 3 presents the bituminous coal sulfur content values used for each state. For anthracite coal, an ash content value of 13.38% and 

a sulfur content of 0.89% were applied to Pennsylvania.

The remaining criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total coal consumed in each county per year 

by an emission factor. All emission factors except ammonia are from AP-42.5Table 4 presents a summary of the emission factors 

for residential anthracite coal combustion (SCC 2104001000). Table 5 presents a summary of the emission factors for residential 

bituminous coal combustion (SCC 2104002000).

Sample Calculations

Annual emissions are calculated for each county using emission factors and activity as:

Ex,p = FCx × EFx,p
144

where:

Ex,p = annual emissions for fuel type x and pollutant p (lbs/year),

FCx = annual fuel consumption for fuel type x,

EFx,p = emission factor for fuel type x and pollutant p.

County level fuel consumption is calculated using:

FCx = AState x RatioCounty houses

where: 

AState = total tons of coal reported by the EIA, 

RatioCounty houses = county allocation ratio based on number of houses burning coal per Anthracite coal-burning counties or per 

Bituminous coal-burning counties. 

Example:

Using Allegheny County, PA as an example:

Allegheny County, PA, labeled a Bituminous coal-burning county, had 183 houses out of the state total of 19,921 Bituminous coalburning houses that use coal as the primary heating fuel. This equates to a share of 0.9186 % of the 9,687.54 tons of coal used for 

residential heating in the state.

The emission factor for PM2.5-FIL Bituminous (See Table 2) is 3.8 lb/ton of coal burnt 

FCAllegheny, anth = 9,687.54 × 0.9186% = 88.9897 tons Bituminous coal

EmisAllegheny, anth, PM2.5-FIL = 88.9897 tons Bituminous coal × 3.8 lbs PM2.5-FIL per ton coal

= 338.1610 lbs PM2.5-FIL
145

Table 2. SO2 and PM Emission Factors for Industrial Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Combustion

Pollutant Emission Factor

(lb/ton) AP-42 Table

Anthracite Emission Factors (SCC 2104001000)

PM-CON 0.08* % Ash 1.2-3

PM10-FIL 10 1.2-4

PM25-FIL 0.6 * % Ash 1.2-4

Sulfur Dioxide 39 * % Sulfur 1.2-1

Bituminous Emission Factors (SCC 2104002000)

PM-CON .04 1.1-5

PM10-FIL 6.2 1.1-9

PM25-FIL 3.8 1.1-9

Sulfur Dioxide 31 * % Sulfur 1.1-3

NOTE: PM10, PM2.5, and condensable PM emission factors 

for bituminous coal do not require ash content, nor does the 

condensable PM emission factor for anthracite coal. 
146

Table 3. State-Specific Sulfur Content for Bituminous Coal (SCC 2104002000)

State

Percent 

Sulfur 

Content

State

Percent 

Sulfur 

Content

Alabama 2.08 Montana 0.60

Alaska 0.31 Nebraska 2.43

Arizona 0.47 Nevada 2.30

Arkansas 1.20 New 

Hampshire

2.42

California 0.47 New Jersey 2.42

Colorado 0.61 New Mexico 0.75

Connecticut 2.42 New York 2.42

Delaware 1.67 North Carolina 1.62

District of 

Columbia

1.67 North Dakota 0.97

Florida 1.28 Ohio 3.45

Georgia 1.28 Oklahoma 3.08

Hawaii 1.00 Oregon 0.50

Idaho 0.31 Pennsylvania 2.42

Illinois 3.48 Rhode Island 2.42

Indiana 2.49 South 

Carolina

1.28

Iowa 4.64 South Dakota 0.97

Kansas 5.83 Tennessee 1.62

Kentucky 1.93 Texas 1.14

Louisiana 0.86 Utah 0.80

Maine 2.42 Vermont 2.42

Maryland 1.67 Virginia 1.19

Massachusetts 2.42 Washington 0.50

Michigan 1.20 West Virginia 1.25

Minnesota 0.97 Wisconsin 1.00

Mississippi 1.24 Wyoming 0.87

Missouri 3.39
147

Table 4. National Criteria Emission Factors for Residential Coal Combustion (SCC 2104001000 and 2104002000)

7439921 LEAD 0.00042 LB TON

CO CARBON MONOXIDE 275 LB TON

NOX NITROGEN OXIDES/Anthracite 3 LB TON

VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 10 LB TON

NOX NITROGEN OXIDES/Bituminous 9.1 LB TON

References

1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2006 Consumption. Washington, 

DC 2008. Internet Address: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/total/csv/use_all_phy.csv accessed November 2008.

2. EIA, 2008. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by 

Destination State, Consumer, Origin and Method of Transportation”, 2006. Available from: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/coaldistrib/coal_distributions.html, accessed December 2008.

3. U.S. Census Bureau. "Table H40. House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3. Internet address: 

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMainPageServlet?_program=DEC&_submenuId=&_lang=en&_ts=, accessed July 

2009.
148

4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factor and Inventory Group. Final Summary of the Development and 

Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel Combustion. Prepared by Pacific 

Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2002. Internet address: 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draft1999_ residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip accessed November 2004.

5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP-42, Volume I: 

Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.

6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factor and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia Emissions from 

Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September 

2003.
149

RESIDENTIAL FUEL OIL/KEROSENE COMBUSTION (2 SCCs: SCC 2104004000, SCC 2104011000) 

Distillate oil and kerosene combustion sources emit VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, Pb, and PM. Fuel oil and kerosene emissions were 

calculated for each county using fuel use estimates derived by allocating Commonwealth consumption estimates from the Energy 

Information Administration to individual counties. The county allocations were performed using data obtained from the American 

Community Survey and the U.S. Census Bureau. 

 

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential Distillate Fuel Oil/Kerosene:

Residential fuel oil and kerosene usage was determined by allocating the residential fuel oil and kerosene use to each county. The 

residential fuel consumption was allocated by the ratio of dwelling units (DU) using distillate fuel oil/kerosene in a county to the 

number of dwelling units burning distillate fuel oil/kerosene in the Commonwealth. The following is the general equation for the 

calculation of usage for residential sources of fuel oil and kerosene combustion. 

 



















State Distillate/Kerosene - Burning DU

County Distillate/Kerosene - Burning DU Annual Fuel Usage PAResidential Distillate FuelorKerosene Usage

where:

PA Residential Fuel Oil = 706,956 thousand gallons1

2007 County Fuel Oi/Kerosene Burning DUs = 6916 Dwelling Units (Allegheny County)2

2007 State Fuel Oil/Kerosene-Burning DUs = 1,118,774 Dwelling Units1

 

1

Energy Information Administration, Pennsylvania Sales of Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene by End Use, 

http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821use_dcu_SPA_a.htm, accessed May 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005-2007 

American Community Survey 3-year Estimates, accessed May 2009.
150

VOC Emissions:

where:

Distillate Fuel Oil:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.7 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

NOx Emission Factor = 18 lbs/1000 gallons/year

1

CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

SO2 Emission Factor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year  0.3% sulfur content = 0.426 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

Lead Emission Factor = 0.001268 lbs/1000 gallons/year3

Distillate Fuel Sulfur Content = 0.3%4

 

1 VOC, NOx, CO and SO2 emission factors are from WEBFIRE (3//19/09).

2

PM emission factors are from US EPA Document - A National Methodology and Emission Inventory for Residential Fuel 

Combustion by Bernd H. Haneke presented at 2003 EPA EI conference. These emission factors are primarily from AP-42.

3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. “Documentation for the 1999 Base Year Non-point 

Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants.” Prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. 

September 2002.

4 AP-42
151

VOC Emissions for Distillate Oil:

1.5295 .

2000

1

3059.1660

1,118,774

6916 706,956

1000

0.7

tons VOCper yearforAlleghenyCo

pounds

ton AnnualVOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

DistillateFuelBurningDwelling Units

DistillateFuelBurningDwelling Units thousands of gallons

gallons

lbsVOC AnnualVOC Emissions

  

  

Where:

Kerosene:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.672 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

NOx Emission Factor = 17.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

CO Emission Factor = 4.8 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

SO2 Emission Factor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year  0.3% sulfur content = 0.426 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 1.03 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.8 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

 

1

Emission factors for kerosene were obtained by multiplying the emission factors for distillate oil by a factor of 135/140 to convert 

them for this use. This factor is based on the ratio of the heat content of kerosene (135,000 Btu/gallon) to the heat content of distillate 

oil (140,000 Btu/gallon). Criteria pollutant emission factors are from AP-42. Distillate sulfur content (0.30%) was used for kerosene 

as well.
152

PM-CON Emission Factor = 1.25 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

Lead Emission Factor = 0.001268 lbs/1000 gallons/year1

Distillate Fuel Sulfur Content = 0.3%1

2007PA Residential Kerosene Usage = 39,702,000 gallons1

County Dwelling Units Heating with Distillate Oil or Kerosene = 6916 (Allegheny County)2

2007 State Fuel Oil/Kerosene-Burning DUs = 1,118,774 Dwelling Units1

CO Emissions for Kerosene:

0.5890 .

2000

1

1178.0568

1,118,774

6916 39,702

1000

4.8

tons COper yearforAlleghenyCo

pounds

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

Dwelling Units

Dwelling Units thousands of gallons

gallons

lbsVOC Annual CO Emissions

  

 

Since the 2005-2007 American Community Survey did not include the six small populated counties in Pennsylvania (namely 

Cameron, Forest, Fulton, Montour, Potter and Sullivan counties) in their estimations of Occupied House Heating Fuel Units, these 

omissions were accounted for by taking the ratio of 2005-7 Averaged Total County Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heated Housing Units (not 

including the 6 Small Counties) to the 2007 Total State Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties' Housing Units) and by that 

percent find the 6 Small County Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heated Housing Units (HU). The following is the general equation for the 

calculation of the 6 Small County Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heated Housing Units.

 

1

Energy Information Administration, Pennsylvania Sales of Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene by End Use, 

http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821use_dcu_SPA_a.htm, accessed May 2009. 
153

where:

PA Total Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties) = 5,430,2341

Pa Total Fuel-Oil/Kerosene-Burning DUs (not including the 6 Small Counties) = 1,109,0462

County (Cameron) Total Housing Units= 4,5921

4,592 937.8489( )

5,430,234

1,109,046 /

/ CameronCounty

HUs

FuelOil KeroseneDUs

CountyFuelOil KeroseneHeatingDwellingUnits   

 

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Housing Unit Estimates, Data Set 2007 Population Estimates, Note: For 

information on errors stemming from model error, sampling error, and non-sampling error, see: 

http://www.census.gov/popest/topics/methodology, accessed May 2009. 

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005-2007 

American Community Survey 3-year Estimates, accessed May 2009. 
154

RESIDENTIAL LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) (SCC 2104007000)

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used in residential heating. Area source LPG was estimated using fuel consumption data and AP-42 

emission factors. Consumption data were apportioned according to the number of dwelling units heating with LPG, which was 

available from U.S. Census Bureau data. LPG consumption was obtained from the Energy Information Administration’s State Energy 

Data 2001.1Each county’s emissions were estimated using the sample calculations below. 

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential LPG for Allegheny Co.:

  





















 

LPG Burning State Dwelling Units

LPG Burning County Dwelling Units

Annual Emissions Emission Factor Residentia l LPG Consumption

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.52 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

NOx Emission Factor = 13.40 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

CO Emission Factor = 3.80 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.06 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

 

1

Energy Information Administration (eia), State Energy Data System (SEDS) 2007, released March 2009, accessed May 2009, found 

at 'http://www.eia.doe.gov/states/_seds_whats_new.html.

2 Based on AP-42 natural gas emission factors, converted to LPG using heat contents. ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, 

revised August 14, 2009, accessed August, 2009.
155

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 0.02 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.01 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

PM-CON Emission Factor = 0.03 lbs/1000 gallons/year2

Residential LPG Consumption = 222,936,000 gallons1

County Dwelling Units Heating with LPG = 5318 units (Allegheny County)1

PA Dwelling Units Heating with LPG = 178,821 units ( plus prorated values for 6 smaller counties, see below for 

calculation)1

VOC Emissions:

tons VOCper year

pounds

ton AnnualVOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

LPGBurningDwelling Units

Allegheny LPGBurningDwelling Units thousands of gallons

gallons year

lbsVOC AnnualVOC Emissions

1.72378

2000

1

3,447.5721

178,821

5318( )

222,936

1000 /

0.52

  

  

CO Emissions:

 

tons CO per year

lbs

ton Annual CO Emissions pounds CO per year

county dwelling units

Alleghenyc ounty dwelling units thousandgallons

year

gallons

lbs VOC

Annual CO Emissions

12.5969

2000

1

25,193.7963

178,821

5318 222,936 1000

3.80

  







































 

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005-2007 

American Community Survey 3-year Estimates, accessed May 2009.
156

Since the 2005-2007 American Community Survey did not include the six small populated counties in Pennsylvania (namely 

Cameron, Forest, Fulton, Montour, Potter and Sullivan counties) in their estimations of Occupied House Heating Fuel Units, these 

omissions were accounted for by taking the ratio of 2005-7 Averaged Total County LPG Heated Housing Units (not including the 6 

Small Counties) to the 2007 Total State Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties' Housing Units) and by that percent find the 6 

Small County LPG Heated Housing Units (HU). The following is the general equation for the calculation of the 6 Small County LPG 

Heated Housing Units.

where:

PA Total Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties) = 5,430,2341

Pa Total LPG-Burning DUs (not including the 6 Small Counties) = 178,8212

County (Cameron) Total Housing Units= 4,5921

4,592 150( )

5,430,234

178,821 CameronCounty

HUs

LPGDUs CountyLPGHeatingDwellingUnits   

 

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Housing Unit Estimates, Data Set 2007 Population Estimates, Note: For 

information on errors stemming from model error, sampling error, and non-sampling error, see: 

http://www.census.gov/popest/topics/methodology, accessed May 2009. 

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005-2007 

American Community Survey 3-year Estimates, accessed May 2009. 
157

RESIDENTIAL NATURAL GAS (SCC 2104006000)

Area source natural gas was estimated using fuel consumption data1and AP-42 emission factors2and adjusted PM emission factors3. 

Consumption data were apportioned according to the number of dwelling units heating with natural gas, which was available from 

U.S. Census Bureau data for residential sources). Each county’s emissions were estimated using the sample calculations below.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Natural Gas:

Residential Natural Gas:

  

















 

Natural - Gas- Burning State Dwelling Units

Natural - Gas- Burning CountyDwellingUnits

Annual Emissions EmissionFactor StatewideResidential NaturalGasConsumption

 

1

Energy Information Administration, Pennsylvania Natural Gas Residential Consumption (MMCF),

see:http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/n3010us2m.htm, accessed May 2009.

2 VOC (TOC*.95), NOx, CO and SO2 efs are from WEBFIRE (3//19/09). 

3

PM emission factors were adjusted lower than the 2002 NEI to account for lower estimates for condensable emissions. ERTAC Area 

Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed August, 2009.
158

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMCF (million cubic feet)/year2

NOx Emission Factor = 94 lbs/MMCF/year2

CO Emission Factor = 40 lbs/MMCF/year2

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMCF/year

2

PM10-FIL Emission Factor = 0.2 lbs/MMCF/year3

PM25-FIL Emission Factor = 0.11 lbs/MMCF/year3

PM-CON Emission Factor =0.32 lbs/MMCF/year3

Pb Emission Factor = 0.0005 lbs/MMCF/year2

where:

2007 PA Residential Natural Gas Consumption = 231,258 MMCF1

County Dwelling Units Heating with Natural Gas = 455,921(Allegheny County)2

State Dwelling Units Heating with Natural Gas = 2,516,263 Units2

VOC Emissions:

 

1

Energy Information Administration, Pennsylvania Natural Gas Residential Consumption (MMCF),

see:http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/n3010us2m.htm, accessed May 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005-2007 

American Community Survey 3-year Estimates, accessed May 2009.
159

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

State NGdwellingunits

County NGdwelling units MMCF

year

MMcf

lbsVOC

Annual VOC Emissions

115.2293

2000

1

230,458.6533

2,516,263

455,921 231,258

5.5

  







































Since the 2005-2007 American Community Survey did not include the six small populated counties in Pennsylvania (namely 

Cameron, Forest, Fulton, Montour, Potter and Sullivan counties) in their estimations of Occupied Natural Gas Heating Dwelling 

Units, these omissions were accounted for by taking the ratio of 2005-7 Averaged Total County Natural Gas Heated Dwelling Units 

(not including the 6 Small Counties) to the 2007 Total State Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties' Housing Units) and by that 

percent find the 6 Small County Natural Gas Heated Housing Units (HU). The following is the general equation for the calculation of 

the 6 Small County Natural Gas Heated Dwelling Units.
160

where:

PA Total Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties) = 5,430,2341

Pa Total NG-Burning Dwelling Units (not including the 6 Small Counties) = 2,494,3842

County (Cameron) Total Housing Units= 4,592

1

4,592 2,109( )

5,430,234

2,494,384 CameronCounty

DwellingUnits

NGDwellingUnits CountyNGHeatedDwellingUnits   

 

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Housing Unit Estimates, Data Set 2007 Population Estimates, Note: For 

information on errors stemming from model error, sampling error, and non-sampling error, see: 

http://www.census.gov/popest/topics/methodology, accessed May 2009. 

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005-2007 

American Community Survey 3-year Estimates, accessed May 2009.
161

TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000) 

Traffic paints are used to mark pavement in applications such as dividing lines for traffic lanes, parking space markings, crosswalks, 

and arrows. The markings are usually applied by Commonwealth or local highway maintenance crews. VOC emissions result from the 

evaporation of organic solvents during and shortly after application of the marking paint.

Each county’s emissions were calculated by using county-level lane miles totals1and a lbs VOC/lane mile emission factor2. 

There are no point sources associated with this category.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOCEmissions  Emission FactorLane Miles

where:

Emission Factor = 10.5 lbs VOC/lane mile

Lane Miles =12,525.22 (Allegheny County) 

 

1

Penn DOT Bureau of Planning and Research, 

http://www.dot.state.pa.us/Internet/Bureaus/pdPlanRes.nsf/PlanningAndResearchHomePage?OpenFrameset

2

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed October, 2009.
162

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

lanemiles

year

lanemile

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

65.7574

2000

1

131,514.81

12,525.22

10.5

  






















163

WINERIES (SCC 2302070005)

Winery emissions result from the entrainment of ethanol by carbon dioxide during wine fermentation. Factors affecting ethanol

emissions are handling techniques, temperature, process equipment design, and fermenting parameters. Other sources of emissions 

from the wine making process are blending, transferring, racking and storing of the wine.

Emissions were determined using 2007 county-level wine production data provided by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Alcohol 

and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.1 Because monthly production data were available, these data were used to develop the seasonal 

allocation factors for this category. The emission factors for both red and white wines were obtained from AP-42.2

Since the emission factors for the two types of wines are different, but wine type production data are not available, wine production in 

the Commonwealth was assumed to be 60 percent white wine and 40 percent red wine. Point source emissions, where present, were 

subtracted from these emission estimates. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (0.6  White Wine Emission Factor + 0.4  Red Wine Emission Factor)  (2007 Total Wine Production)

 

1 Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department of the Treasury, 2007 – Wine Statistical Information.

http://www.ttb.gov/statistics/07winestats.shtml and http://www.ttb.gov/foia/frl.shtml, accessed March 2009. 

2

From Table 9.12.2-1 of emission factor documentation for AP-42 Section 9.12.2 Wines and Brandy, October 1995, available from 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/final/c9s12-2.pdf, accessed March 2009.
164

where:

White Wine Emission Factor = 1.8 lbs VOC/1000 gallons white wine/year2

Red Wine Emission Factor = 4.6 lbs VOC/1000 gallons red wine/year2

2007 Total Wine Production = 23.78 thousand gallons (Allegheny County)1

2007 Summer Wine Production = 3.000 thousand gallons (Allegheny County)1

White Wine Production Factor = 60% of wine produced

Red Wine Production Factor = 40% of wine produced

where:

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions lbs VOC per year

thousand gallons

gallons

lbs

gallons

lbs Annual VOC Emissions

0.03472

2000

1

69.4376

23.78

1000

4.6

0.4

1000

1.8

0.6

  

















   
165

WOOD FURNITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401020000) 

This source category includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of wood home or office furniture. VOC emissions result 

from the evaporation of solvents used in the finish coats and cleanup procedures. Point source emissions, where present, were

subtracted from these emission estimates. Each county’s emissions were calculated according to the sample calculations below using a 

per employee emission factor1and the number of employees in NAICS codes 337110, 337121, 337122, 337219, 337211, 337212 and 

one half of NAICS codes 337127, 337215 and 339111. The number of employees in each county for 2006 was obtained from County 

Business Patterns2. 

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 244 lbs VOC/employee/year

Employees =387 employees (Allegheny County)

 

1

ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, accessed September, 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters 

reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment 

midpoint and adjustment factor.
166

 

tons VOC per year

lbs

ton Annual VOC Emissions pounds VOC per year

employees

year

employee

lbs VOC

Annual VOC Emissions

47.214

2000

1

94,428

387

244

  






















167

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The format and some of the wording of this document were originally created by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., 3622 Lyckan 

Parkway, Suite 2002, Durham, NC 27707. Updated values were inserted in place of those originally entered to reflect changes 

between years 2002 and 2007. Some changes were made to correct or update comments in the document.

THE END
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types N

42071 Lancaster 2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types P

42071 Lancaster 2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types P

42071 Lancaster 2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types P

42071 Lancaster 2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types P

42071 Lancaster 2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types S

42071 Lancaster 2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types V

42071 Lancaster 2103001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types N

42071 Lancaster 2103001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types P

42071 Lancaster 2103001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types P

42071 Lancaster 2103001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types S

42071 Lancaster 2103001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler Types V

42071 Lancaster 2103004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total: Boilers and IC Engines N

42071 Lancaster 2103004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total: Boilers and IC Engines P

42071 Lancaster 2103004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total: Boilers and IC Engines P

42071 Lancaster 2103004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total: Boilers and IC Engines S

42071 Lancaster 2103004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total: Boilers and IC Engines V

42071 Lancaster 2103005000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: All Boiler Types N

42071 Lancaster 2103005000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: All Boiler Types P

42071 Lancaster 2103005000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: All Boiler Types P

Page 1
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2103005000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: All Boiler Types S

42071 Lancaster 2103005000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: All Boiler Types V

42071 Lancaster 2103006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total: Boilers and IC Engines N

42071 Lancaster 2103006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total: Boilers and IC Engines P

42071 Lancaster 2103006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total: Boilers and IC Engines P

42071 Lancaster 2103006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total: Boilers and IC Engines S

42071 Lancaster 2103006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total: Boilers and IC Engines V

42071 Lancaster 2103011000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: All Combustor Types N

42071 Lancaster 2103011000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: All Combustor Types P

42071 Lancaster 2103011000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: All Combustor Types P

42071 Lancaster 2103011000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: All Combustor Types S

42071 Lancaster 2103011000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: All Combustor Types V

42071 Lancaster 2104001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Combustor Types N

42071 Lancaster 2104001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Combustor Types P

42071 Lancaster 2104001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Combustor Types P

42071 Lancaster 2104001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Combustor Types S

42071 Lancaster 2104001000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Combustor Types V

42071 Lancaster 2104004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All Combustor Types N

42071 Lancaster 2104004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All Combustor Types P

42071 Lancaster 2104004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All Combustor Types P

Page 2
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2104004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All Combustor Types S

42071 Lancaster 2104004000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All Combustor Types V

42071 Lancaster 2104006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All Combustor Types N

42071 Lancaster 2104006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All Combustor Types P

42071 Lancaster 2104006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All Combustor Types P

42071 Lancaster 2104006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All Combustor Types S

42071 Lancaster 2104006000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All Combustor Types V

42071 Lancaster 2104007000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total: All Combustor Types N

42071 Lancaster 2104007000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total: All Combustor Types P

42071 Lancaster 2104007000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total: All Combustor Types P

42071 Lancaster 2104007000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total: All Combustor Types S

42071 Lancaster 2104007000

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total: All Combustor Types V

42071 Lancaster 2104008001 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: General N

42071 Lancaster 2104008001 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: General P

42071 Lancaster 2104008001 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: General P

42071 Lancaster 2104008001 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: General S

42071 Lancaster 2104008001 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: General V

42071 Lancaster 2104008002

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPA certified N

42071 Lancaster 2104008002

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPA certified P

42071 Lancaster 2104008002

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPA certified P

42071 Lancaster 2104008002

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPA certified S

42071 Lancaster 2104008002

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPA certified V

Page 3
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2104008003

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPA certified; non-catalytic P

42071 Lancaster 2104008003

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPA certified; non-catalytic P

42071 Lancaster 2104008003

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPA certified; non-catalytic S

42071 Lancaster 2104008003

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPA certified; non-catalytic V

42071 Lancaster 2104008004

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPA certified; catalytic N

42071 Lancaster 2104008004

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPA certified; catalytic P

42071 Lancaster 2104008004

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPA certified; catalytic P

42071 Lancaster 2104008004

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPA certified; catalytic S

42071 Lancaster 2104008004

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPA certified; catalytic V

42071 Lancaster 2104008010 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: General N

42071 Lancaster 2104008010 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: General P

42071 Lancaster 2104008010 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: General P

42071 Lancaster 2104008010 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: General S

42071 Lancaster 2104008010 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: General V

42071 Lancaster 2104008030

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves: General N

42071 Lancaster 2104008030

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves: General P

42071 Lancaster 2104008030

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves: General P

42071 Lancaster 2104008030

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves: General S

42071 Lancaster 2104008030

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves: General V

42071 Lancaster 2104008050

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Non-catalytic Woodstoves: EPA certified P

42071 Lancaster 2104008050

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Non-catalytic Woodstoves: EPA certified P

42071 Lancaster 2104008050

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Non-catalytic Woodstoves: EPA certified S

Page 4
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2104008050

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Non-catalytic Woodstoves: EPA certified V

42071 Lancaster 2104011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater Types N

42071 Lancaster 2104011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater Types P

42071 Lancaster 2104011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater Types P

42071 Lancaster 2104011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater Types S

42071 Lancaster 2104011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater Types V

42071 Lancaster 2294000000 Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: Fugitives P

42071 Lancaster 2294000000 Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: Fugitives P42071 Lancaster 2294000000 Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: Fugitives P42071 Lancaster 2294000000 Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: Fugitives P42071 Lancaster 2296000000 Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: Fugitives P42071 Lancaster 2296000000 Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: Fugitives P42071 Lancaster 2296000000 Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: Fugitives P42071 Lancaster 2296000000 Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: Fugitives P42071 Lancaster 2302000000 Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, All Processes, Total V

42071 Lancaster 2302002100

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling, Conveyorized Charbroiling P

42071 Lancaster 2302002100

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling, Conveyorized Charbroiling P

42071 Lancaster 2302002100

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling, Conveyorized Charbroiling V

42071 Lancaster 2302002200

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling, Under-fired Charbroiling P

42071 Lancaster 2302002200

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling, Under-fired Charbroiling P

42071 Lancaster 2302002200

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling, Under-fired Charbroiling V

42071 Lancaster 2302003000

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Frying, Deep Fat Fying V

42071 Lancaster 2302003100

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Frying, Flat Griddle Frying P

42071 Lancaster 2302003100

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Frying, Flat Griddle Frying P

Page 5
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2302003100

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Frying, Flat Griddle Frying V

42071 Lancaster 2302003200

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Frying, Clamshell Griddle Frying P

42071 Lancaster 2302003200

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Frying, Clamshell Griddle Frying P

42071 Lancaster 2302003200

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking - Frying, Clamshell Griddle Frying V

42071 Lancaster 2302050000 Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Bakery Products, Total V

42071 Lancaster 2302070001

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Fermentation/Beverages, Breweries V

42071 Lancaster 2302070005

Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Fermentation/Beverages, Wineries V

42071 Lancaster 2311010000 Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Residential, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311010000 Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Residential, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311010000 Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Residential, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311010000 Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Residential, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311020000

Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Industrial/Commercial/Institutional, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311020000

Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Industrial/Commercial/Institutional, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311020000

Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Industrial/Commercial/Institutional, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311020000

Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Industrial/Commercial/Institutional, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311030000 Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Road Construction, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311030000 Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Road Construction, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311030000 Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Road Construction, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2311030000 Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Road Construction, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2325000000 Industrial Processes, Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14, All Processes, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2325000000 Industrial Processes, Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14, All Processes, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2325000000 Industrial Processes, Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14, All Processes, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2325000000 Industrial Processes, Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14, All Processes, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2399000000 Industrial Processes, Industrial Processes: NEC, Industrial Processes: NEC, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2399000000 Industrial Processes, Industrial Processes: NEC, Industrial Processes: NEC, Total P42071 Lancaster 2399000000 Industrial Processes, Industrial Processes: NEC, Industrial Processes: NEC, Total P

Page 6
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2399000000 Industrial Processes, Industrial Processes: NEC, Industrial Processes: NEC, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2399010000 Refrigerant Losses N

42071 Lancaster 2401001000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Architectural Coatings, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401005000

Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Auto Refinishing: SIC 7532, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401008000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Traffic Markings, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401015000

Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401020000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Wood Furniture: SIC 25, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401025000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Metal Furniture: SIC 25, Total: All Solvent Types V42071 Lancaster 2401030000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Paper: SIC 26, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401040000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Metal Cans: SIC 341, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401045000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Metal Coils: SIC 3498, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401050000

Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Miscellaneous Finished Metals: SIC 34 - (341 + 3498), Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401055000

Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401060000

Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Large Appliances: SIC 363, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401065000

Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Electronic and Other Electrical: SIC 36 - 363, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401080000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Marine: SIC 373, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401085000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Railroad: SIC 374, Total: All Solvent Types V42071 Lancaster 2401090000

Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Miscellaneous Manufacturing, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401100000

Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Industrial Maintenance Coatings, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2401200000

Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Other Special Purpose Coatings, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2415200000

Solvent Utilization, Degreasing, All Industries: Conveyerized Degreasing, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2415230000

Solvent Utilization, Degreasing, Electronic and Other Elec. (SIC 36): Conveyerized Degreasing, Total: All Solvent Types V

Page 7
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2415300000 Solvent Utilization, Degreasing, All Industries: Cold Cleaning, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2415360000

Solvent Utilization, Degreasing, Auto Repair Services (SIC 75): Cold Cleaning, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2420000370 Solvent Utilization, Dry Cleaning, All Processes, Special Naphthas V

42071 Lancaster 2430000000 Solvent Utilization, Rubber/Plastics, All Processes, Total: All Solvent Types V42071 Lancaster 2440020000

Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Industrial, Adhesive (Industrial) Application, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2461021000

Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Cutback Asphalt, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2461022000

Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Emulsified Asphalt, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2461800000

Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Pesticide Application: All Processes, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2465000000

Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer, All Products/Processes, Total: All Solvent Types V

42071 Lancaster 2501060053

Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling V

42071 Lancaster 2501060101

Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Uncontrolled V

42071 Lancaster 2501060201

Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying V

42071 Lancaster 2501060300 Portable Gasoline Containers V

42071 Lancaster 2501080050

Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Airports : Aviation Gasoline, Stage 1: Total V

42071 Lancaster 2501080100

Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Airports : Aviation Gasoline, Stage 2: Total V

42071 Lancaster 2505030120 Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport, Truck, Gasoline V

42071 Lancaster 2601010000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, On-site Incineration, Industrial, Total N42071 Lancaster 2601010000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, On-site Incineration, Industrial, Total V

42071 Lancaster 2601020000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, On-site Incineration, Commercial/Institutional, Total V

42071 Lancaster 2610000100

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified N

42071 Lancaster 2610000100

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified N

42071 Lancaster 2610000100

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified P

Page 8
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2610000100

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified P

42071 Lancaster 2610000100

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified S

42071 Lancaster 2610000100

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified V

42071 Lancaster 2610000400

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified N

42071 Lancaster 2610000400

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified N

42071 Lancaster 2610000400

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified P

42071 Lancaster 2610000400

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified P

42071 Lancaster 2610000400

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified S

42071 Lancaster 2610000400

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified V

42071 Lancaster 2610000500

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Land Clearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning) N

42071 Lancaster 2610000500

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Land Clearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning) P

42071 Lancaster 2610000500

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Land Clearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning) P

42071 Lancaster 2610000500

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Land Clearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning) P

42071 Lancaster 2610000500

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Land Clearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning) P

42071 Lancaster 2610000500

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Land Clearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning) V

42071 Lancaster 2610010000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Industrial, Total N

42071 Lancaster 2610010000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Industrial, Total V

42071 Lancaster 2610020000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Commercial/Institutional, Total N

42071 Lancaster 2610020000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Commercial/Institutional, Total V

42071 Lancaster 2610030000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, Household Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes) N

42071 Lancaster 2610030000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, Household Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes) P

Page 9
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2610030000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, Household Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes) P

42071 Lancaster 2610030000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, Household Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes) S

42071 Lancaster 2610030000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, Household Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes) V

42071 Lancaster 2620030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Landfills, Municipal, Total V

42071 Lancaster 2630020010 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery N

42071 Lancaster 2630020010 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery V

42071 Lancaster 2630020020 POTW Biosolids Processes N

42071 Lancaster 2630050000 Biosolids Land Application N

42071 Lancaster 2640000000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, TSDFs, All TSDF Types, Total: All Processes V

42071 Lancaster 2680001000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Composting, 100% Biosolids (e.g., sewage sludge, manure, mixtures of these matls), All Processes N

42071 Lancaster 2680001000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Composting, 100% Biosolids (e.g., sewage sludge, manure, mixtures of these matls), All Processes V

42071 Lancaster 2680002000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Composting, Mixed Waste (e.g., a 50:50 mixture of biosolids and green wastes), All Processes N

42071 Lancaster 2680002000

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Composting, Mixed Waste (e.g., a 50:50 mixture of biosolids and green wastes), All Processes V

42071 Lancaster 2801000003 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Agriculture - Crops, Tilling P

42071 Lancaster 2801000003 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Agriculture - Crops, Tilling P

42071 Lancaster 2801000003 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Agriculture - Crops, Tilling P

42071 Lancaster 2801000003 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Agriculture - Crops, Tilling P

42071 Lancaster 2801700003

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Nitrogen Solutions N

42071 Lancaster 2801700004

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Urea N

42071 Lancaster 2801700005

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Ammonium Nitrate N

42071 Lancaster 2801700006

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Ammonium Sulfate N

42071 Lancaster 2801700007

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Ammonium Thiosulfate N

Page 10
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2801700010

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, N-PK (multi-grade nutrient fertilizers) N

42071 Lancaster 2801700011

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate N

42071 Lancaster 2801700012

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Potassium Nitrate N

42071 Lancaster 2801700013

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Diammonium Phosphate N

42071 Lancaster 2801700014

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Monoammonium Phosphate N

42071 Lancaster 2801700015

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate N

42071 Lancaster 2801700099

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, Miscellaneous Fertilizers N

42071 Lancaster 2805001100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots (drylots), Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805001200

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots (drylots), Manure handling and storage N

42071 Lancaster 2805001300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots (drylots), Land application of manure N

42071 Lancaster 2805003100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Beef cattle - finishing operations on pasture/range, Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805007100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production - layers with dry manure management systems, Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805007300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production - layers with dry manure management systems, Land application of manure N

42071 Lancaster 2805009100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production - broilers, Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805009200

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production - broilers, Manure handling and storage N

42071 Lancaster 2805009300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production - broilers, Land application of manure N

42071 Lancaster 2805010100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production - turkeys, Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805010200

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production - turkeys, Manure handling and storage N

42071 Lancaster 2805010300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production - turkeys, Land application of manure N

Page 11
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2805019100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - flush dairy, Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805019200

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - flush dairy, Manure handling and storage N

42071 Lancaster 2805019300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - flush dairy, Land application of manure N

42071 Lancaster 2805021100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - scrape dairy, Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805021200

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - scrape dairy, Manure handling and storage N

42071 Lancaster 2805021300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - scrape dairy, Land application of manure N

42071 Lancaster 2805022100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - deep pit dairy, Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805022200

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - deep pit dairy, Manure handling and storage N

42071 Lancaster 2805022300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - deep pit dairy, Land application of manure N

42071 Lancaster 2805023100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - drylot/pasture dairy, Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805023200

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - drylot/pasture dairy, Manure handling and storage N

42071 Lancaster 2805023300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - drylot/pasture dairy, Land application of manure N

42071 Lancaster 2805030007

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry Waste Emissions, Ducks N

42071 Lancaster 2805030008

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry Waste Emissions, Geese N

42071 Lancaster 2805035000

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Horses and Ponies Waste Emissions, Not Elsewhere Classified N

42071 Lancaster 2805039100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production - operations with lagoons (unspecified animal age), Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805039200

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production - operations with lagoons (unspecified animal age), Manure handling and storage N

42071 Lancaster 2805039300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production - operations with lagoons (unspecified animal age), Land application of manure N

42071 Lancaster 2805040000

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Sheep and Lambs Waste Emissions, Total N

Page 12
Lancaster County

PM 2.5 SIP Inventory

FIPS County SCC Description 

42071 Lancaster 2805045000

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Goats Waste Emissions, Not Elsewhere Classified N

42071 Lancaster 2805047100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production - deep-pit house operations (unspecified animal age), Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2805047300

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production - deep-pit house operations (unspecified animal age), Land application of manure N

42071 Lancaster 2805053100

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production - outdoor operations (unspecified animal age), Confinement N

42071 Lancaster 2810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, Total N

42071 Lancaster 2810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, Total S

42071 Lancaster 2810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, Total V

42071 Lancaster 2810015000

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for Forest Management, Total N

42071 Lancaster 2810015000

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for Forest Management, Total N

42071 Lancaster 2810015000

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for Forest Management, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2810015000

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for Forest Management, Total P

42071 Lancaster 2810015000

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for Forest Management, Total S

42071 Lancaster 2810015000

Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for Forest Management, Total V

42071 Lancaster 2810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Structure Fires, Total N

42071 Lancaster 2810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Structure Fires, Total V

Page 13
STATE FIPS CNTY_NAMNONATTAINSCC SCC_DESCRTF_SCC TF ORIGINAL GFINAL GRO

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210200100Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210200400Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210200500Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210200600Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MAEO2011; M

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210200700Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210201100Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210300100Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210300400Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210300500Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210300600Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210300700Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210301100Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400100Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400400Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400600Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400700Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400810Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400821Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400822Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400823Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400831Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400832Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400833Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400840Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400851Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400861Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210400900Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; FUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 210401100Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 229400000Paved RoadYES 0.618322 AEO2010 NCounty Spe

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 229600000Unpaved R YES 0.618322 Default ‐ N Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 230200210Food & Kin NO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 230200220Food & Kin NO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 230200300Food & Kin NO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 230200310Food & Kin NO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 230200320Food & Kin NO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 230205000Food & Kin NO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 231101000ConstructioYES 0.618322 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 231102000ConstructioYES 0.618322 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 231103000ConstructioYES 0.618322 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 232500000Mining &Q NO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240100100Surface CoaNO 1 State‐Supp Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240100500Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240100800Surface CoaNO 1 Default ‐ N Use Origina
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240101500Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240102000Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240102500Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240103000Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240104000Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240104500Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240106000Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240106500Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240108000Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240108500Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240109000Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240110000Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 240120000Surface CoaNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 241520000DegreasingNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 241523000DegreasingNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 241530000DegreasingNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 241536000DegreasingNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 242000000Dry CleaninNO 1 State‐Supp Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 242500000Graphic ArtNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 246010000Misc Non‐i NO 1 State‐Supp Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 246020000Misc Non‐i NO 1 State‐Supp Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 246040000Misc Non‐i NO 1 State‐Supp Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 246050000Misc Non‐i NO 1 State‐Supp Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 246060000Misc Non‐i NO 1 State‐Supp Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 246080000Misc Non‐i NO 1 State‐Supp Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 246090000Misc Non‐i NO 1 State‐Supp Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 246102100Misc Non‐i NO 1 Default ‐ N Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 246102200Misc Non‐i NO 1 Default ‐ N Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101101Residential NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101101Residential NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101101Residential NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101101Residential NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101101Residential NO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101201CommerciaNO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101201CommerciaNO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101201CommerciaNO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101201CommerciaNO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250101201CommerciaNO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250106005Gasoline SeNO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250106020Gasoline SeNO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 250503012Petrol & PeNO 1 AEO2010; MUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 261000010Open Burn NO 1 Default ‐ N Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 261000040Open Burn NO 1 Default ‐ N Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 261000050Open Burn NO 1 Default ‐ N Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 261003000Open Burn NO 1 Default ‐ N Use Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 263002000WastewateNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280100000Agric ‐ CropYES 0.618322 State EmploUse Origina
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170000Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170000Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170000Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170000Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170000Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170000Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170000Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170001Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170001Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170001Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170001Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170001Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170001Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280170009Agric ‐ CropNO 1 State EmploUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500110Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500120Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500130Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500200Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500310Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500710Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500730Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500810Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500820Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500830Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500910Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500920Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280500930Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280501010Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280501020Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280501030Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280501800Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280501910Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280501920Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280501930Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502110Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502120Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502130Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502210Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502220Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502230Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502310Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502320Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502330Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280502500Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280503000Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280503000Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280503000Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280503500Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280503910Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280503920Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280503930Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; LUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280504000Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; liUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280504500Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; liUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280504710Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; liUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280504730Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; liUse Origina

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 280505310Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; liUse Origina
Original GFs based on Column I Reference Final GFs based on Column J Reference

GF_07_13 GF_07_17 GF_07_20 GF_07_25 GF_07_13 GF_07_17 GF_07_20 GF_07_25 CONTROL RNH3_2007

0.84897 0.86815 0.86943 0.84996 0.84897 0.86815 0.86943 0.84996 0.673785

0.90689 0.90647 0.91167 0.88043 0.90689 0.90647 0.91167 0.88043 2010 RICE M 2.39803

0.66759 0.59932 0.58513 0.56793 0.66759 0.59932 0.58513 0.56793 MANEVU L 1.618979

1.11646 1.14481 1.12062 1.07699 1.2886 1.3654 1.4202 1.4725 2010 RICE M17.56191

0.90299 0.9019 0.90321 0.88313 0.90299 0.9019 0.90321 0.88313 0.005553

0.90689 0.90647 0.91167 0.88043 0.90689 0.90647 0.91167 0.88043 MANEVU L 0.035707

1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 0.32283

0.82625 0.76663 0.73685 0.70742 0.82625 0.76663 0.73685 0.70742 2010 RICE M0.268595

1.08048 1.08735 1.09164 1.09118 1.08048 1.08735 1.09164 1.09118 MANEVU L 0.180785

1.04704 1.07601 1.10042 1.14605 1.04704 1.07601 1.10042 1.14605 2010 RICE M1.197222

0.98314 0.99085 0.99869 1.00876 0.98314 0.99085 0.99869 1.00876 0.000646

1.35148 1.43016 1.45574 1.50984 1.35148 1.43016 1.45574 1.50984 MANEVU L 0.026456

0.63929 0.62245 0.61173 0.5898 0.63929 0.62245 0.61173 0.5898 0.065981

0.8674 0.79161 0.74978 0.68898 0.8674 0.79161 0.74978 0.68898 MANEVU L 13.55093

0.97682 0.99878 1.02195 1.04433 0.97682 0.99878 1.02195 1.04433 1.115528

0.73171 0.70053 0.69522 0.69148 0.73171 0.70053 0.69522 0.69148 0.39243

1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 6.653064

0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 5.005632

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 0.518056

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 0.216927

0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 14.42905

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.493659

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 0.623541

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 0.746531

0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 2.193918

1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 PA Outdoo 2.769213

1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18

0.90566 0.93467 0.97462 1.00876 0.90566 0.93467 0.97462 1.00876 MANEVU L 0.73247

1.03457 1.09557 1.16211 n/a 1.077308 1.128847 1.182153 1.267919

11111111

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

1.03413 1.05723 1.07482 1.10493 1.03413 1.05723 1.07482 1.10493

1.03413 1.05723 1.07482 1.10493 1.03413 1.05723 1.07482 1.10493

1.02034 1.03403 1.04439 1.06194 1.02034 1.03403 1.04439 1.06194

1.018987 1.031755 1.041412 1.05775 1.018987 1.031755 1.041412 1.05775

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124

1.0248 1.04152 1.0542 1.07575 1.0248 1.04152 1.0542 1.07575

11111111
1.0089 1.01485 1.01934 1.02687 1.0089 1.01485 1.01934 1.02687

0.96394 0.9403 0.92287 0.89468 0.96394 0.9403 0.92287 0.89468

0.96394 0.9403 0.92287 0.89468 0.96394 0.9403 0.92287 0.89468

0.95405 0.92407 0.90207 0.86679 0.95405 0.92407 0.90207 0.86679

1.04066 1.06827 1.08935 1.12561 1.04066 1.06827 1.08935 1.12561

1.04066 1.06827 1.08935 1.12561 1.04066 1.06827 1.08935 1.12561

0.9642 0.94073 0.92343 0.89543 0.9642 0.94073 0.92343 0.89543

0.91259 0.85671 0.81662 0.75467 0.91259 0.85671 0.81662 0.75467

0.95717 0.92918 0.90862 0.87555 0.95717 0.92918 0.90862 0.87555

0.95717 0.92918 0.90862 0.87555 0.95717 0.92918 0.90862 0.87555

1.04168 1.07 1.09162 1.12884 1.04168 1.07 1.09162 1.12884

0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822 0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822

0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822 0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822

0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822 0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822

0.91259 0.85671 0.81662 0.75467 0.91259 0.85671 0.81662 0.75467

0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822 0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822

1.0248 1.04152 1.0542 1.07575 1.0248 1.04152 1.0542 1.07575

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124

0.90835 0.84988 0.80802 0.74362 0.90835 0.84988 0.80802 0.74362

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Con

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Con

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Con

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Con

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Con

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Con

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Con

11111111

11111111

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rules

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023

1.22201 1.18515 1.16707 1.15754 1.22201 1.18515 1.16707 1.15754

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111111

1.02567 1.04298 1.05611 1.07845 1.02567 1.04298 1.05611 1.07845 1.876623

1.008097 1.013515 1.017594 1.02444 1.008097 1.013515 1.017594 1.02444
1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 236.8308

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 282.4977

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 8.846085

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 133.115

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 53.8349

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0.014844

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0.011216

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 2.312657

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0.529423

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.542139

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 185.0368

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 28.96056

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 0.011597

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 23.142

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 82.78224

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 9.891552

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 3147.312

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 70.7484

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 0

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 0

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 0

1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 1176.936

1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 214.2288

1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 962.7072

11111111 62.02056

11111111 11.14783

11111111 55.80528

11111111 1772.016

11111111 16.00104

11111111 45.09384

11111111 4.549056

11111111 569.9544

11111111 569.9544

11111111 1299.919

11111111 49.59

11111111 2.3142

11111111 28.69608

11111111 477.3864

11111111 8.212104

11111111 637.3968

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 0

1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 579.2112

1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 166.6224

1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 1.247023
1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 202.3272

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 318.6984

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 636.0744

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 53.02824

1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 20.89392

1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 34.91136

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 858.2376

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 366.3048

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 5.130912

15550.71
NH3_17_G NH3_17_CFNH3_17_G NH3_25_G NH3_25_CFNH3_25_G NOX_2007 NOX_17_G NOX_17_C NOX_17_G

0.584947 1 0.584947 0.572691 1 0.572691 202.1356 175.484 1 175.484

2.173742 1 2.173742 2.111298 1 2.111298 59.95075 54.34356 1 54.34356

0.970287 1 0.970287 0.919467 1 0.919467 76.68804 45.96068 1 45.96068

23.97903 1 23.97903 25.85991 1 25.85991 213.3246 291.2735 0.9203 268.059

0.005008 1 0.005008 0.004904 1 0.004904 44.2444 39.90403 1 39.90403

0.032367 1 0.032367 0.031437 1 0.031437 0010

0.334387 1 0.334387 0.334387 1 0.334387 96.84904 100.3162 1 100.3162

0.205913 1 0.205913 0.190009 1 0.190009 67.14867 51.47818 1 51.47818

0.196576 1 0.196576 0.197269 1 0.197269 12.42896 13.51463 1 13.51463

1.288223 1 1.288223 1.372076 1 1.372076 241.631 259.9974 0.9203 239.2756

0.00064 1 0.00064 0.000652 1 0.000652 5.145857 5.098772 1 5.098772

0.037837 1 0.037837 0.039945 1 0.039945 6.377866 9.121368 1 9.121368

0.04107 1 0.04107 0.038915 1 0.038915 6.598061 4.106963 1 4.106963

10.72705 1 10.72705 9.336317 1 9.336317 304.8958 241.3586 1 241.3586

1.114167 1 1.114167 1.164979 1 1.164979 213.9992 213.7381 1 213.7381

0.274909 1 0.274909 0.271357 1 0.271357 105.1712 73.67556 1 73.67556

7.318371 1 7.318371 7.850616 1 7.850616 9.609982 10.57098 1 10.57098

4.004506 1 4.004506 3.203605 1 3.203605 8.244571 6.595657 1 6.595657

0.621667 1 0.621667 0.704556 1 0.704556 1.312408 1.574889 1 1.574889

0.260313 1 0.260313 0.295021 1 0.295021 0.48206 0.578472 1 0.578472

11.54324 1 11.54324 9.234593 1 9.234593 23.7655 19.0124 1 19.0124

1.792391 1 1.792391 2.031377 1 2.031377 3.783937 4.540724 1 4.540724

0.748249 1 0.748249 0.848016 1 0.848016 1.385646 1.662776 1 1.662776

0.895837 1 0.895837 1.015282 1 1.015282 9.456061 11.34727 1 11.34727

1.755135 1 1.755135 1.404108 1 1.404108 2.244293 1.795434 1 1.795434

3.046134 1 3.046134 3.267671 1 3.267671 2.832796 3.116075 1 3.116075

010010 4.010615 4.411676 1 4.411676

0.684618 1 0.684618 0.738886 1 0.738886 16.4568 15.38168 1 15.38168

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

0100100010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010
010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

0100100010

0100100010

010010 86.33477 86.33477 1 86.33477

0100100010

1.957281 1 1.957281 2.023845 1 2.023845 0 1 0

010010 010
010010 010

010010 010

240.0328 1 240.0328 242.619 1 242.619 0 1 0

286.3171 1 286.3171 289.4019 1 289.4019 0 1 0

8.965684 1 8.965684 9.062283 1 9.062283 0 1 0

134.9147 1 134.9147 136.3683 1 136.3683 0 1 0

010010 010

54.56275 1 54.56275 55.15063 1 55.15063 0 1 0

0.015045 1 0.015045 0.015207 1 0.015207 0 1 0

0.011368 1 0.011368 0.01149 1 0.01149 0 1 0

2.343924 1 2.343924 2.369179 1 2.369179 0 1 0

0.536581 1 0.536581 0.542362 1 0.542362 0 1 0

1.562989 1 1.562989 1.579829 1 1.579829 0 1 0

187.5385 1 187.5385 189.5591 1 189.5591 0 1 0

29.45231 1 29.45231 29.82648 1 29.82648 0 1 0

0.011794 1 0.011794 0.011944 1 0.011944 0 1 0

23.53495 1 23.53495 23.83395 1 23.83395 0 1 0

84.18788 1 84.18788 85.25743 1 85.25743 0 1 0

10.05951 1 10.05951 10.18731 1 10.18731 0 1 0

3748.197 1 3748.197 4206.351 1 4206.351 0 1 0

84.25568 1 84.25568 94.55453 1 94.55453 0 1 0

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

1492.99 1 1492.99 1733.992 1 1733.992 0 1 0

271.7578 1 271.7578 315.6254 1 315.6254 0 1 0

1221.233 1 1221.233 1418.366 1 1418.366 0 1 0

62.02056 1 62.02056 62.02056 1 62.02056 0 1 0

11.14783 1 11.14783 11.14783 1 11.14783 0 1 0

55.80528 1 55.80528 55.80528 1 55.80528 0 1 0

1772.016 1 1772.016 1772.016 1 1772.016 0 1 0

16.00104 1 16.00104 16.00104 1 16.00104 0 1 0

45.09384 1 45.09384 45.09384 1 45.09384 0 1 0

4.549056 1 4.549056 4.549056 1 4.549056 0 1 0

569.9544 1 569.9544 569.9544 1 569.9544 0 1 0

569.9544 1 569.9544 569.9544 1 569.9544 0 1 0

1299.919 1 1299.919 1299.919 1 1299.919 0 1 0

49.59 1 49.59 49.59 1 49.59 0 1 0

2.3142 1 2.3142 2.3142 1 2.3142 0 1 0

28.69608 1 28.69608 28.69608 1 28.69608 0 1 0

477.3864 1 477.3864 477.3864 1 477.3864 0 1 0

8.212104 1 8.212104 8.212104 1 8.212104 0 1 0

637.3968 1 637.3968 637.3968 1 637.3968 0 1 0

010010 010

701.5696 1 701.5696 794.8805 1 794.8805 0 1 0

201.8214 1 201.8214 228.6643 1 228.6643 0 1 0

1.510457 1 1.510457 1.711352 1 1.711352 0 1 0
217.7142 1 217.7142 229.4492 1 229.4492 0 1 0

341.8582 1 341.8582 359.5109 1 359.5109 0 1 0

682.2979 1 682.2979 717.5301 1 717.5301 0 1 0

56.8818 1 56.8818 59.81904 1 59.81904 0 1 0

22.4829 1 22.4829 23.69475 1 23.69475 0 1 0

37.56637 1 37.56637 39.59123 1 39.59123 0 1 0

920.6057 1 920.6057 968.1435 1 968.1435 0 1 0

392.9242 1 392.9242 413.2138 1 413.2138 0 1 0

5.503775 1 5.503775 5.787977 1 5.787977 0 1 0

17151.87 18371.8 1826.509 1702.358
Without TFWith TF With TF With TF With TF

NOX_25_G NOX_25_C NOX_25_G P10_2007 P10_2007_P10_17_GOP10_17_CFP10_17_GCP10_25_GOP10_25_CF

171.8072 1 171.8072 332.3559 332.3559 288.5348 1 288.5348 282.4892 1

52.78244 1 52.78244 6.894336 6.894336 6.249509 0.9243 5.776421 6.06998 0.9243

43.55344 1 43.55344 43.39138 43.39138 26.00532 1 26.00532 24.64327 1

314.1205 0.9203 289.0851 1.756191 1.756191 2.397903 1 2.397903 2.585991 1

39.07356 1 39.07356 0.229563 0.229563 0.207043 1 0.207043 0.202734 1

0 1 0 0.060284 0.060284 0.054645 1 0.054645 0.053076 1

100.3162 1 100.3162 159.2413 159.2413 164.9422 1 164.9422 164.9422 1

47.50231 1 47.50231 7.990692 7.990692 6.125904 0.9243 5.662173 5.652775 0.9243

13.56223 1 13.56223 3.715423 3.715423 4.039965 1 4.039965 4.054195 1

276.9213 0.9203 254.8506 0.95949 0.95949 1.032421 1 1.032421 1.099623 1

5.190934 1 5.190934 0.026829 0.026829 0.026583 1 0.026583 0.027064 1

9.629557 1 9.629557 0.757785 0.757785 1.083754 1 1.083754 1.144134 1

3.891536 1 3.891536 24.34773 24.34773 15.15524 1 15.15524 14.36029 1

210.0671 1 210.0671 40.314 40.314 31.91297 1 31.91297 27.77554 1

223.4858 1 223.4858 14.16037 14.16037 14.1431 1 14.1431 14.7881 1

72.72376 1 72.72376 0.39243 0.39243 0.274909 1 0.274909 0.271357 1

11.33978 1 11.33978 87.22906 87.22906 95.95197 1 95.95197 102.9303 1

5.276525 1 5.276525 90.10138 90.10138 72.08111 1 72.08111 57.66488 1

1.784875 1 1.784875 11.2821 11.2821 13.53852 1 13.53852 15.34366 1

0.655602 1 0.655602 4.917016 4.917016 5.900419 1 5.900419 6.687142 1

15.20992 1 15.20992 259.7229 259.7229 207.7783 1 207.7783 166.2227 1

5.146154 1 5.146154 32.52858 32.52858 39.0343 1 39.0343 44.23887 1

1.884479 1 1.884479 14.13359 14.13359 16.96031 1 16.96031 19.22169 1

12.86024 1 12.86024 7.614617 7.614617 9.137541 1 9.137541 10.35588 1

1.436347 1 1.436347 33.64008 33.64008 26.91207 1 26.91207 21.52965 1

3.342699 1 3.342699 42.46126 42.46126 46.70739 1 46.70739 50.10429 0.1

4.732525 1 4.732525 14.8232 14.8232 16.30552 1 16.30552 17.49137 1

16.60096 1 16.60096 2.1689 2.1689 2.027206 1 2.027206 2.1879 1

0 1 0 1841.908 1138.893 1285.636 1 1285.636 1444.024 1

0 1 0 2335.447 1444.059 1444.059 1 1444.059 1444.059 1

0 1 0 12.41076 12.41076 11.65668 1 11.65668 11.08095 1

0 1 0 87.91936 87.91936 82.57738 1 82.57738 78.4988 1

0100001001

0 1 0 25.69854 25.69854 24.13709 1 24.13709 22.94494 1

0 1 0 1.743168 1.743168 1.637253 1 1.637253 1.556388 1

010 001001

0 1 0 47.84738 29.5851 31.27825 1 31.27825 32.68946 1

0 1 0 2584.792 1598.235 1689.701 1 1689.701 1765.937 1

0 1 0 1770.707 1094.867 1132.126 1 1132.126 1162.683 1

0 1 0 238.87 238.87 246.4554 1 246.4554 252.6647 1

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001
010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

0100001001

0100001001

86.33477 1 86.33477 293.5382 293.5382 293.5382 1 293.5382 293.5382 1

0100001001

010 001001

0 1 0 4876.275 3015.109 3055.859 1 3055.859 3088.799 1
010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001
010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

1704.127 10218.14 10412.25
With TF Without TFWith TF With TF With TF With TF With TF

P10_25_GCP25_2007 P25_2007_P25_17_GOP25_17_CFP25_17_GCP25_25_GOP25_25_CFP25_25_GCSO2_2007

282.4892 146.0407 146.0407 126.7853 1 126.7853 124.1288 1 124.1288 779.5697

5.610483 4.646183 4.646183 4.211626 0.9243 3.892806 4.090639 0.9243 3.780978 127.6951

24.64327 28.80158 28.80158 17.26136 1 17.26136 16.35728 1 16.35728 697.13

2.585991 1.756191 1.756191 2.397903 1 2.397903 2.585991 1 2.585991 0

0.202734 0.189692 0.189692 0.171083 1 0.171083 0.167523 1 0.167523 0.265435

0.053076 0.060284 0.060284 0.054645 1 0.054645 0.053076 1 0.053076 0

164.9422 69.97236 69.97236 72.47737 1 72.47737 72.47737 1 72.47737 373.5145

5.22486 7.151333 7.151333 5.482427 0.9243 5.067407 5.058996 0.9243 4.67603 143.0267

4.054195 1.592896 1.592896 1.732035 1 1.732035 1.738136 1 1.738136 79.82782

1.099623 0.950624 0.950624 1.02288 1 1.02288 1.089462 1 1.089462 1.455986

0.027064 0.022191 0.022191 0.021988 1 0.021988 0.022386 1 0.022386 0.030872

1.144134 0.678061 0.678061 0.969736 1 0.969736 1.023764 1 1.023764 13.58485

14.36029 20.0106 20.0106 12.4556 1 12.4556 11.80225 1 11.80225 76.33957

27.77554 36.0794 36.0794 28.56081 1 28.56081 24.85799 1 24.85799 721.59

14.7881 13.95548 13.95548 13.93845 1 13.93845 14.57413 1 14.57413 1.365952

0.271357 0.313944 0.313944 0.219927 1 0.219927 0.217086 1 0.217086 0.470916

102.9303 87.22906 87.22906 95.95197 1 95.95197 102.9303 1 102.9303 1.478459

57.66488 90.10138 90.10138 72.08111 1 72.08111 57.66488 1 57.66488 1.177796

15.34366 11.2821 11.2821 13.53852 1 13.53852 15.34366 1 15.34366 0.230247

6.687142 4.917016 4.917016 5.900419 1 5.900419 6.687142 1 6.687142 0.096412

166.2227 259.7229 259.7229 207.7783 1 207.7783 166.2227 1 166.2227 3.395071

44.23887 32.52858 32.52858 39.0343 1 39.0343 44.23887 1 44.23887 0.663849

19.22169 14.13359 14.13359 16.96031 1 16.96031 19.22169 1 19.22169 0.277129

10.35588 7.614617 7.614617 9.137541 1 9.137541 10.35588 1 10.35588 0.7963

21.52965 33.64008 33.64008 26.91207 1 26.91207 21.52965 1 21.52965 2.474252

5.010429 42.46126 42.46126 46.70739 1 46.70739 50.10429 0.1 5.010429 3.123056

17.49137 15.30339 15.30339 16.83373 1 16.83373 18.058 1 18.058

2.1879 1.9501 1.9501 1.8227 1 1.8227 1.967183 1 1.967183 0.4052

1444.024 452.1047 279.5464 315.5651 1 315.5651 354.4423 1 354.4423

1444.059 232.0422 143.4769 143.4769 1 143.4769 143.4769 1 143.4769

11.08095 12.03126 12.03126 11.30024 1 11.30024 10.74211 1 10.74211

78.4988 85.1175 85.1175 79.94576 1 79.94576 75.99716 1 75.99716 0

000010010

22.94494 19.52557 19.52557 18.3392 1 18.3392 17.43341 1 17.43341

1.556388 1.473061 1.473061 1.383558 1 1.383558 1.315223 1 1.315223

0 0010010

32.68946 4.784738 2.95851 3.127825 1 3.127825 3.268946 1 3.268946

1765.937 258.4792 159.8235 168.9701 1 168.9701 176.5937 1 176.5937

1162.683 177.0707 109.4867 113.2126 1 113.2126 116.2683 1 116.2683

252.6647 47.77 47.77 49.28694 1 49.28694 50.52872 1 50.52872

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010
0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0000100100

0000100100

293.5382 293.5382 293.5382 293.5382 1 293.5382 293.5382 1 293.5382

0000100100

0 0010010

3088.799 975.255 603.0219 611.1719 1 611.1719 617.7598 1 617.7598
0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010
0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

10616.63 2690.875 2649.006 2610.147 3029.985
Currently Currently When FullyWhen Fully Currently Currently When FullyWhen Fully

Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted

Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil

SO2_17_GOSO2_17_CFSO2_17_GCSO2_17_CFSO2_17_GCSO2_25_GOSO2_25_CFSO2_25_GCSO2_25_CFSO2_25_GC

676.7834 1 676.7834 1 676.7834 662.6031 1 662.6031 1 662.6031

115.7518 1 115.7518 0.005 0.578759 112.4266 1 112.4266 0.005 0.562133

417.8039 1 417.8039 0.25 104.451 395.921 1 395.921 0.25 98.98026

0101001010

0.239396 1 0.239396 1 0.239396 0.234414 1 0.234414 1 0.234414

0 1 0 0.005 0010 0.005 0

386.8863 1 386.8863 1 386.8863 386.8863 1 386.8863 1 386.8863

109.6485 1 109.6485 0.005 0.548243 101.1799 1 101.1799 0.005 0.5059

86.80078 1 86.80078 0.25 21.7002 87.10652 0.25 21.77663 0.25 21.77663

1.566656 1 1.566656 1 1.566656 1.668633 1 1.668633 1 1.668633

0.030589 1 0.030589 1 0.030589 0.031142 1 0.031142 1 0.031142

19.42851 1 19.42851 0.005 0.097143 20.51095 1 20.51095 0.005 0.102555

47.51756 1 47.51756 1 47.51756 45.02508 1 45.02508 1 45.02508

571.2179 1 571.2179 0.005 2.856089 497.1611 0.005 2.485805 0.005 2.485805

1.364286 1 1.364286 1 1.364286 1.426505 1 1.426505 1 1.426505

0.329891 1 0.329891 1 0.329891 0.325629 1 0.325629 1 0.325629

1.626305 1 1.626305 1 1.626305 1.744581 1 1.744581 1 1.744581

0.942237 1 0.942237 1 0.942237 0.753789 1 0.753789 1 0.753789

0.276296 1 0.276296 1 0.276296 0.313136 1 0.313136 1 0.313136

0.115694 1 0.115694 1 0.115694 0.13112 1 0.13112 1 0.13112

2.716057 1 2.716057 1 2.716057 2.172845 1 2.172845 1 2.172845

0.796618 1 0.796618 1 0.796618 0.902834 1 0.902834 1 0.902834

0.332555 1 0.332555 1 0.332555 0.376896 1 0.376896 1 0.376896

0.95556 1 0.95556 1 0.95556 1.082968 1 1.082968 1 1.082968

1.979402 1 1.979402 1 1.979402 1.583522 1 1.583522 1 1.583522

3.435362 1 3.435362 1 3.435362 3.685207 1 3.685207 1 3.685207

0101001010

0.378728 1 0.378728 0.005 0.001894 0.40875 1 0.40875 0.005 0.002044

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

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2448.924 1765.657
y

VOC_2007 VOC_17_G VOC_17_CFVOC_17_G VOC_25_G VOC_25_CFVOC_25_GC

6.737854 5.849468 1 5.849468 5.726906 1 5.726906

0.599508 0.543436 0.6915 0.375786 0.527824 0.6915 0.364991

0010010

0 0 0.8329 0 0 0.8329 0

2.433342 2.194631 1 2.194631 2.148957 1 2.148957

0010010

3.228301 3.343875 1 3.343875 3.343875 1 3.343875

1.141527 0.875129 0.6915 0.605152 0.807539 0.6915 0.558413

0.255359 0.277664 1 0.277664 0.278642 1 0.278642

13.23821 14.24444 0.8329 11.8642 15.17165 0.8329 12.63647

0.283011 0.280421 1 0.280421 0.28549 1 0.28549

0.108424 0.155063 1 0.155063 0.163702 1 0.163702

21.99354 13.68988 1 13.68988 12.97179 1 12.97179

11.8571 9.386199 1 9.386199 8.169305 1 8.169305

12.52123 12.50595 1 12.50595 13.0763 1 13.0763

4.081269 2.859052 1 2.859052 2.822116 1 2.822116

69.85717 76.84289 1 76.84289 82.43147 1 82.43147

156.058 124.8464 1 124.8464 99.87709 1 99.87709

6.90741 8.288892 1 8.288892 9.394078 1 9.394078

3.615453 4.338543 1 4.338543 4.917016 1 4.917016

449.8469 359.8775 1 359.8775 287.902 1 287.902

19.91546 23.89855 1 23.89855 27.08502 1 27.08502

10.39235 12.47082 1 12.47082 14.13359 1 14.13359

0.102026 0.122431 1 0.122431 0.138755 1 0.138755

14.38235 11.50588 1 11.50588 9.204707 1 9.204707

18.15373 19.9691 1 19.9691 21.4214 1 21.4214

20.64809 22.7129 1 22.7129 24.36475 1 24.36475

0.6392 0.597441 1 0.597441 0.644799 1 0.644799

010010

010010

3.004749 2.822181 1 2.822181 2.682791 1 2.682791

10.33824 9.710089 1 9.710089 9.230498 1 9.230498

3.142361 2.951431 1 2.951431 2.805657 1 2.805657

1.481259 1.391258 1 1.391258 1.322542 1 1.322542

0.057713 0.054207 1 0.054207 0.051529 1 0.051529

44.55 41.84314 1 41.84314 39.77647 1 39.77647

010010

010010

010010

010010

600.6503 634.6591 1 634.6591 661.4602 1 661.4602

124.6163 129.7903 1 129.7903 134.0559 1 134.0559

41.89909 41.89909 1 41.89909 41.89909 1 41.89909
10.382 10.53617 1 10.53617 10.66096 1 10.66096

36.28948 34.123 1 34.123 32.46748 1 32.46748

37.07546 34.86205 1 34.86205 33.17067 1 33.17067

15.44592 14.27311 1 14.27311 13.38837 1 13.38837

170.2707 181.8951 1 181.8951 191.6584 1 191.6584

285.9714 305.4947 1 305.4947 321.8923 1 321.8923

0010010

11.10334 9.512343 1 9.512343 8.379358 1 8.379358

0.808225 0.750986 1 0.750986 0.707641 1 0.707641

19.12413 17.76976 1 17.76976 16.74413 1 16.74413

149.5395 160.0073 1 160.0073 168.8062 1 168.8062

37.38488 35.87378 1 35.87378 34.70139 1 34.70139

1.744628 1.67411 1 1.67411 1.619398 1 1.619398

60.57347 58.12509 1 58.12509 56.2255 1 56.2255

25.96006 22.24024 1 22.24024 19.59128 1 19.59128

129.4015 124.1711 1 124.1711 120.1131 1 120.1131

294.0944 306.3051 1 306.3051 316.372 1 316.372

128.425 135.6964 1 135.6964 141.4267 1 141.4267

786.5755 668.4948 1 668.4948 584.9133 1 584.9133

544.1885 575.0005 0.98 563.5005 599.2822 0.98 587.2965

186.4252 196.9805 0.98 193.0409 205.2988 0.98 201.1929

324.1797 342.5347 0.98 335.684 356.9996 0.98 349.8596

236.7709 250.1768 0.98 245.1733 260.7416 0.98 255.5267

136.332 144.0511 0.98 141.1701 150.1343 0.98 147.1316

400.5126 423.1897 0.98 414.7259 441.0605 0.98 432.2393

17.44628 18.43408 0.98 18.0654 19.21254 0.98 18.82829

257.4161 257.4161 1 257.4161 257.4161 1 257.4161

69.84666 69.84666 1 69.84666 69.84666 1 69.84666

41.76653 49.62197 0.25 12.40549 48.45878 0.22 10.66093

81.54769 96.88518 0.25 24.2213 94.61408 0.22 20.8151

22.3219 26.5202 0.25 6.63005 25.89854 0.22 5.697678

7.618973 9.051949 0.25 2.262987 8.839761 0.22 1.944747

0.693461 0.823887 0.25 0.205972 0.804574 0.22 0.177006

1.334032 1.584937 0.25 0.396234 1.547784 0.22 0.340512

2.604651 3.094534 0.25 0.773634 3.021995 0.22 0.664839

30.45051 36.17764 0.25 9.044411 35.3296 0.22 7.772511

14.68342 17.44508 0.25 4.36127 17.03615 0.22 3.747952

1.334277 1.585227 0.25 0.396307 1.548068 0.22 0.340575

90.76564 107.8368 1 107.8368 105.309 1 105.309

14.61446 17.36315 1 17.36315 16.95613 1 16.95613

2.839597 3.365348 1 3.365348 3.286947 1 3.286947

0010010

0010010

200.2967 200.2967 1 200.2967 200.2967 1 200.2967

0010010

109.9324 114.6573 1 114.6573 118.5566 1 118.5566

010010
010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010
010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

010010

6674.828 6458.624 6426.089