Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 

U.S. Army Research Laboratory 

Gun Tube Erosion Code (ATEC) 

User’s Guide 

by Paul J. Conroy 

ARL-TR-2936 March 2003 
NOTICES 

Disclaimers 

The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of 

the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. 

Citation of manufacturer’s or trade names does not constitute an official 

endorsement or approval of the use thereof. 

Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the 

originator. 
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 

Army Research Laboratory 

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5066 

ARL-TR-2936 March 2003

U.S. Army Research Laboratory 

Gun Tube Erosion Code (ATEC) 

User’s Guide 

Paul J. Conroy 

Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, ARL 
i

Contents 

List of Figures ii

List of Tables ii

1. Introduction 1

2. General Computer Model Description 2

3. Required U.S. Army Research Laboratory Gun Tube Erosion Code 

(ATEC) Input Data Files 2

4. ATEC Input Deck Generation Guide 3

5. ATEC Card/Variable Definitions 10

6. References 23

Appendix A. Example Input Number 1 24

Appendix B. Example Input Number 2 36

Appendix C. Example of “species.out” File 47

Report Documentation Page 50
ii

List of Figures 

Figure 1. Description of post-mortem erosion pit. ................................................. 19

Figure 2. Analytical surface coating description including stress. ...................... 19

Figure 3. Code/file connectivity............................................................................... 20

List of Tables 

Table 1. ATEC input/output file table....................................................................... 21
iii

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. 

1

1. Introduction 

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory Gun Tube Erosion Code (ATEC) is the 

culmination of effort by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) to identify the 

thermochemical components to gun tube erosion. The inclusion of chemistry 

was originally conceived due to discrepancies of experimentally fired propellants 

to the previous correlations. The historical correlations were based solely on the 

propellant’s adiabatic flame temperature and did not take into account the 

possible chemistry. To address this deficiency, ARL embarked on a project to 

include chemistry in a model which would enable the prediction of erosion from 

basic principles without requiring too much information prior to the actual 

system investigation. The model needed to be system independent with enough 

basic physics such that it would function for most guns or gun-like systems 

irrespective of caliber. To this end, a modular gun tube erosion code was 

developed. Technical details of the code, as well as results, have been previously 

reported by Conroy et al. [1–6] and Weinacht and Conroy [7]. 

The following physical phenomena are included in the model: 

• Convective heat transfer to the surface through convection coefficients, 

• Subsurface heat conduction with variable physical properties for gun steel, 

• Multicomponent species mass transport to the surface, independent of heat 

transport, 

• User-specified finite rate surface reactions, 

• Subsurface, diffusion limited, equilibrium reactions with user-specified 

reactants and products, 

• User-specified coating materials, 

• Coating stress/crack distribution calculation, 

• Erosion at the base of cracks in surface coatings, and 

• Uncoated surface erosion. 

This report documents the ATEC user input as well as output from the code. 

Instructions for developing an input deck are explicitly provided in the following 

sections. Files required to operate the code include a user-generated input deck, 

“erod.in”, an output file “htemp.out” from XKTC [8], the NASA Lewis library 

“library.in” [9], and a species temporal file, “species.out”, from a coupled interior 

ballistic-equilibrium thermodynamic code. 

Example input decks are provided in Appendices A and B. An example of the 

“species.out” file is given in Appendix C. The ATEC code has been applied to 
2

the 25-mm Bushmaster cannon, Navy MK45 5-in cannons, the 120-mm M256 

tank cannon, as well as various vented fixtures, and has performed well in 

representing the physics occurring at the surface. 

2. General Computer Model Description 

Figure 1 represents what occurs beneath the coating near a crack. What is 

evidenced is that a jet of combustion gases washes through the crack 

subsequently reacting and eroding the substrate material leaving a pit with 

horizontal extensions near the interface. Many species of materials in the eroded 

region have been identified and include sulfur, oxygen, and talc from the 

propellant additives [10, 11]. An interesting observation is that sulfur penetrates 

deep into the eroded pits. Sulfur comes from the black powder ignitors and 

potassium sulfide flash suppressants used in the charges. 

Figure 2 is a cartoon of the numerical simulation of erosion at the bottom of a radial crack. It is 

important to realize that crack orientation is critical, for if the crack is longitudinal, it would enable 

propellant product gases to wash directly in and out with tremendous amounts of heat transfer 

and the possibility for surface reaction, in comparison to a radial crack which would rely more on 

recirculation and diffusion of gases to the interface. 

Figure 3 shows the interconnectivity of the codes for an erosion calculation. The interior ballistics 

is modeled yielding the thermochemistry of the propellant products for further transport to the 

surface, as well as supplying gas state and velocity variables for convection heat transfer. The 

erosion code itself has an extensive input deck, the description of which is the purpose of this 

report. 

3. Required U.S. Army Research Laboratory Gun Tube 

Erosion Code (ATEC) Input Data Files 

Table 1 provides a guide to all input/output files for the ATEC code. The 

following are required input files: 

(1) A mixed free format and formatted input data deck specific to ATEC called 

“erod.in”. This input deck is described in detail in this guide. 

(2) A data file from the XKTC 1-D NOVA code entitled “htemp.out”. 
3

(3) A data file entitled “species.out”. An example of this file is supplied in this 

report. It can be generated by any number of coupled interior ballistic and 

thermodynamic equilibrium codes such as XKTC with NASA Lewis. 

(4) The NASA Lewis species thermochemistry library. This provides the 

thermochemistry for both the equilibrium and finite rate kinetics 

calculations. 

Note: Lower case should be used for input file names. 

The following is the format required of the file “species.out”. 

The first line contains the header “-Time_(ms)” followed by the names of the up 

to top 25 resultant species from the equilibrium calculation entered in the 

following format where the names are entered as “6a1” in standard NASA Lewis 

format. 

READ(30,850) ((ZLABEL(II,JJ),JJ=1,6 ), II=1,SPNDIM2) 

850 FORMAT( ' -Time_(ms)', 25(', --',6a1,'-') ) 

Note: The species should be in descending order from highest initial molar 

concentration to the lowest, from the second to the leftmost column to the last 

column to the right. 

Inclusion of the top 25 species should suffice for calculations purposes. The lines 

following the first line of the input file “species.out” contain the time history of 

each species concentration with the first column tracking time in milliseconds 

and the following columns containing the species concentration in mole fractions 

in the format presented in the following read statement: 

 

READ(30,860, END=2000)(VAR(KT1,KN1,NV),NV=1,SPNDIM2+1) 

860 FORMAT( 1X,F10.4, 25(',',1PE10.3) ) 

An example of a “species.out” file is provided in Appendix C. 

4. ATEC Input Deck Generation Guide 

0.1 Examine the htemp.out output file from XKTC. 

 Determine initial grid spacing (in). 

 Determine initial temperature (R). 

 Determine initial chamber length (in). 

 Determine final length of the tube from the last time step (in). 
4

1.1 Enter the initial temperature from the htemp.out file (R). 

1.2 Enter the initial pressure from the htemp.out file (R). 

1.3 Enter the initial velocity from the htemp.out file (in/s). 

2.1 If there is an inner surface coating layer enter thickness (in). 

2.2 Enter total time of each firing (ms). 

2.3 Usually the chamber augmentation factor is 0.1 (-). 

2.4 Enter the chamber length (in). 

2.5 Enter the tube length from the last time step of htemp.out file (in). 

2.6 Enter the number of axial grid points (<100). 

 This is not a trivial task! 

The INITIAL (t=0) grid spacing from the htemp.out file MUST BE GREATER

than the erosion grid spacing. If you wish to examine the entire barrel length, 

you may have to accomplish this in more than one calculation as the code 

currently accepts 100 axial points, where NOVA usually has 50 or more 

distributed over about a 40-in chamber, for example. 

2.7 Determine the computational region desired. 

Make sure the length of the computational space doesn't expand the grid spacing 

beyond the initial htemp.out grid spacing. 

 Enter the calculation starting position (in). 

 This must be within the specified tube geometry. 

2.8 Enter the calculation ending position (in). 

 This must be within the specified tube geometry. 

2.9 If 2-D LP chamber calculation, enter a one to trip flag (LP option). 

(Not currently implemented in erosion code, i.e., must be zero.)

2.10 If 2-D LP chamber calculation, enter the initial piston offset (in) 

(LP option). (Not currently implemented in erosion code, i.e., must be 

zero.)

2.11 If IMC cooling is desired, enter 1 (this is a flag for an extra card). 

 (Not currently implemented in erosion code, i.e., must be zero.) 

2.12 If the outside surface is insulated, enter 1. 

(Not currently implemented in erosion code, i.e., must be zero.)

2.13 If blowby is desired, enter 1 (this is a flag for an extra card). 

(Not currently implemented in erosion code, i.e., must be zero.) 
5

2.14 Enter the amount by which you want to multiply the internal convective 

heat transfer coefficient. If no multiplication is desired, enter 1.D0 or 0.0 

(both produce the nominal result). 

C1.1 This is conditional on the heat transfer coefficient augmentation in 2.14. 

If a negative value is entered, then a roughness calculation is performed 

based on defects on tube surface and Moody chart. Enter smooth 

deformation limit (m). 

C1.2 Enter rough deformation limit (m). 

3.1 Enter the number of axial locations to be specified (-). 

3.2-9 Enter up to eight axial locations (in). 

4.1-8 Enter up to eight corresponding outer diameters (in). 

5.1-8 Enter up to eight corresponding inner diameters (in). 

Breech is zero. Calculation occurs in specified computational space. 

6.1 Enter the number of probe locations, up to eight axial locations (-). 

6.2-9 Enter up to eight axial locations (in). 

7.1-8 Enter up to eight corresponding probe locations in the tube (in) . 

Note: The probe depth is only printed to two decimal places, so don’t be 

surprised when you ask for a probe at 0.005 inches and it comes back as 

0.01 inches. It is just an artifact of the print format. The probe depth is 

from the bore surface into the tube! 

8.1 Enter “1” to activate only the equilibrium surface chemistry. 

Enter “2” to activate both the subsurface equilibrium chemistry and finite 

rate surface chemistry 

 Enter zero if you wish to bypass the chemistry (-). 

8.2 Enter the freeze-out temperature (K), i.e., temperature at which the 

transport/surface chemistry routine is not called. 

8.3 Enter density of the base wall material (kg/m3). 

8.4 Enter temperature at which the base wall material begins to melt (K). 

8.5 Enter specified outer barrel heat transfer coefficient (W/m2/K). 

8.6 Enter ambient outer air temperature (K). 

8.7 Enter the computational coordinate spacing (-) usually “1”. 

8.8 Enter the latent heat of fusion for the material (J/kg). 

8.9 Enter “0” if the system is planer or “1” if the system is axisymetric. 
6

8.10 Wall temperature calculation flag (-). 

Molecular weighting function between gas and solid. 

Wall temperature. 

Conditional Card (if Chrome > 0). 

C2.1 Number of radial points considered in coating for calculation (-). 

C2.2 Number of radial points considered in base material for calculation (-). 

C2.3 Enter the freeze-out temperature of surface material (K), i.e., temperature 

at which the chemistry routine is not called. 

C2.4 Enter density of the coating material (kg/m3). 

C2.5 Enter temperature at which the coating material begins to melt (K). 

C2.6 Enter the computational coordinate spacing (-) usually “1”. 

C2.7 Enter the latent heat of fusion for the coating material (J/kg). 

C2.8 Stress flag (0)-no stress calculation (1)-stress calculation (-). 

Conditional Card (if Chrome > 0). 

C3.1 Enter the Young’s modulus of the coating material (Pa). 

C3.2 Enter the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of the Coating (1/K). 

C3.3 Enter the Poisson’s Ratio Coating (-). 

C3.4 Enter the ultimate Strength of Coating (Pa). 

C3.5 Enter the Young’s Modulus Base (Pa). 

C3.6 Enter the coefficient of Thermal Expansion Base (1/K). 

C3.7 Enter the Poisson’s ratio of the base material (-). 

Conditional Card (if Chrome > 0). 

C4.1 Enter crack width (m). 

C4.2 Enter crack distribution limit (m). 

10.1 Enter the number of shots to fire. 

(Not implemented in this version of Erosion Code, i.e., must be 1). 

10.2 Enter print frequency during htemp.out file period (-). Choosing the 

computational time interval (implicit) (usually about 0.1 ms) enables the 

print frequency to be entered, i.e., print every x time steps. 

10.3 Enter print frequency after htemp.out file period (-). 
7

10.4 If restarting, enter the number of the last round fired before restart, else 

enter a zero. 

(Not implemented in this version of Erosion Code, i.e., must be 0).

11.1–11.17 Control the files to be printed. 

(o = false), (1 = true), (2 =>single shot = burst) 

 1. 0 = K, 1 = R (units Rankine or Kelvin) 

 2. 0 = as computed, 1 = temperature rise 

 3. Screen output IOUT(1) 

 4. Single shot probe temperature IOUT(2) 

 5. Single shot inside surface temperature IOUT(3) 

 6. Single shot outside surface temperature IOUT(4) 

 7. Burst fire probe temperature IOUT(5) 

 8. Burst fire inside surface temperature IOUT(6) 

 9. Burst fire outside surface temperature IOUT(7) 

 10. Heat transfer coefficient IOUT(8) 

 11. Effective gas temperature history IOUT(9) 

 12. Single shot graphic output file (for IBGRAF movies) IOUT(10) 

 13. Burst fire graphic output file (for IBGRAF movies) IOUT(11) 

 14. Boundary condition graphic output (for IBGRAF movies) IOUT(12) 

 15. Bore surface heat flux output (single shot-1, burst-2) IOUT(13) 

 16. Bore surface regression rate (single shot-1, burst-2) IOUT(14) 

 17. Bore surface regression (single shot-1, burst-2) IOUT(15) 

 18. Bore surface concentrations IOUT(16) 

 19. Bore core flow concentrations IOUT(17) 

 20. Shear stress azmuthal at interface IOUT(18) 

 21. Shear stress axial at interface IOUT(19) 

(Note: Screen output is for PC applications only and is not supported.) 

12.1 Variable 4340 conductivity and diffusivity flag 1-use internal functions, 

0-use input values. 

12.2 Barrel conductivity (W/m/K) (Necessary even if 12.1 is 1.) 

12.3 Barrel diffusivity (m2/s) (Necessary even if 12.1 is 1.) 
8

12.4 Liner conductivity (W/m/K) Necessary even if 12.1 is 1.) 

12.5 Liner diffusivity (m2/s) (Necessary even if 12.1 is 1.) 

 (A selection of this information is provided in Appendix A.) 

13.1 Enter the flag number = “42” upon which the equilibrium chemistry read 

section is keyed (if you use the kinetics, you must include all species from 

the kinetics section in the equilibrium section in order to load the thermochemical arrays.) 

14.1 Enter the following phrase with the following format as a key for 

chemistry read section: 

FORMAT(A30,I3): "NUMBER OF REACTANT ELEMENTS = " 

15.1 Enter the number of gas phase reactant elements considered (-). 

16.1 Enter the following phrase with the following format as a key for 

chemistry read section: 

FORMAT(A30): "CONSIDERED ELEMENTS = " 

17.1–17.n Enter the “n” gas phase elements considered in atomic order 

FORMAT(n(A4)) 

18.1 Enter the following phrase with the following format as a key for 

chemistry read section: 

FORMAT(A30): "REACTANTS" 

 Enter reactant information using FORMAT (5A4,4(A2,F3.0),A1) 

19.1–19.5 Enter the reactant species name (left justified) as it appears in the 

N-L library. 

19.6–19.7 Enter the first element symbol (left justified) and the number of 

atoms (right justified). 

19.12–19.13 Enter the last element symbol (left justified) and the number of 

atoms (right justified). Leave any extra fields blank. 

19.14 Enter the phase as “G”, “S”, or “L” for gas, solid, or liquid state. 

19.15 Enter Critical Pressure PCRIT (Pa). 

19.16 Enter Critical Temperature (K). 

19.17 Enter SIGMA for Lennard Jones diffusion D. 

19.18 Enter Epsilon over K EPSOK for Lennard Jones diffusion (K). 

... 

Continue with Card 19’s until all gaseous reactants have been entered. 
9

20.1 Enter the following phrase with the following format as a key for 

chemistry read section: 

FORMAT(A30): “PRODUCTS” 

... 

21.1 Enter the considered products (gaseous, liquid, solidus) in the same 

manner as the reactants with the same format until all products are 

entered. 

Note: To match internal keyed indices: 

The 9th reactant must be C(GR). 

 The 10th reactant must be FE(A). 

 The 11th reactant must be FE(C). 

 The 15th species (#Reactants + #Products) must be FE3C. 

Kinetics data input follows 

C2 Enter the following phrase with the following format as a key for kinetics 

read section: 

FORMAT(A30): "KINETICS BEGIN REACTION CARDS" 

Contingent upon 8.1 = 2. 

C.3.1 Enter number of kinetics reactant species (-). 

C.3.2 Enter number of kinetic reactions (-). 

C.4.1 Enter considered reactant species FORMAT(4(5A4)). 

Enter reactant information using FORMAT(A10,7E10.4,I5). 

C.5.1 Enter key word “REACTANTS”. 

C.5.2 Enter forward rate coefficient CF in (cm^3/mole-s) or (cm^6/mole^2-s). 

C.5.3 Enter forward rate temperature exponent ETAF (-). 

C.5.4 Enter forward rate activation energy EF/k (K). 

C.5.2 Enter backward rate coefficient CB in (cm^3/mole-s) or (cm^6 

/mole^2-s). 

C.5.3 Enter backward rate temperature exponent ETAB (-). 

C.5.4 Enter backward rate activation energy EB/k(K). 

If backward rates are entered as zero then they are not considered, if they 

are entered as “–1” then rates are determined from thermodynamic data. 

C.5.5 Enter third body flag THIRDBODY (-) (1=T, 0=F). 
10

C.5.6 Enter surface or gas phase reaction flag ICOFU (-) 

(0 NORMAL 1 = SURFACE) 

Enter reactant and product data using: 

FORMAT(5A4,F3.0,4(A2,F3.0),A1,4E10.4) 

C.6.1 Enter reactant of first reaction using NASA Lewis library notation (-). 

C.6.2 Enter coefficient of first atomic in reactant (-). 

C.6.3 Enter first atomic of first reactant (-). 

C.6.4 Enter second coefficient of second atomic in reactant (-) blank if nonexistent. 

C.6.5 Enter second atomic of first reactant (-) blank if non-existent. 

C.6.6 Enter third coefficient of third atomic in reactant (-) blank if non-existent. 

C.6.7 Enter third atomic of first reactant (-) blank if non-existent. 

Enter all reactants as previous. 

C.7.1 Enter key word “PRODUCTS”. 

C.8.1–C.8.7 Enter product data using reactant data guide. 

CC.1.1 If reaction is third body, enter key word “EFFICIENCY”. 

CC.1.2 Enter efficiency for reaction to each kinetic reactant species in the order 

entered in C.4.1. FORMAT(7(F10.0)). 

CC.2.1 If reaction is not a third body reaction, enter key word “KEND”. 

... 

Continue with next reaction card set C.5–CC.2 until reactions are completed. 

5. ATEC Card/Variable Definitions 

Card 1: Initial State of Bore Gas 

TINIT Initial Gas Temperature (NOVA run, R) 

PINIT Initial Gas Pressure (NOVA run, psi) 

UINIT Initial Gas Velocity (NOVA run, in/s) 

Card 2: Flags, Counters, and Grid Layout 

CHROME Thickness of chrome layer (in) 
11

TMAXV Total time per shot, i.e., from the firing of one shot to the next 

shot(ms) 

XCON Breech velocity augmentation for singularity point (-) 

XCHAMB Chamber length (in) 

ZMAX Total barrel length (in) = (chamber length + tube length) (in) 

NLOC No. of axial grid points ( < 100, keep larger than 25) 

ZSTART Start of distribution of 100 axial points (in) 

ZEND End of distribution of 100 axial points (in) 

LP2D Flag for 2-D LP chamber calculations (-) 

 This function is NOT IMPLEMENTED, enter 0. 

LPOFFSET Initial piston offset for 2-D LP chamber calculations (in) 

This function is NOT IMPLEMENTED, enter 0.

IMC Flag to cause IMC card to be read for forced convection 

boundary condition for representing integral midwall cooling 

(-) 

This function is NOT IMPLEMENTED, enter 0. 

INSOBC Flag to trip insulated outer barrel surface (-) 

This function is NOT IMPLEMENTED, enter 0.

LBLOWBY Flag to cause blowby multiplication factors card to be read 

(-) 

This function is NOT IMPLEMENTED, enter 0. 

AUGMENT Convective heat transfer multiplication factor 1.0 or user 

specified value (-) 

Conditional Card 1: Roughness Data (if AUGMENT is negative) 

ESMOOTH Smooth deformation limit (Moody Chart) (m) 

EROUGH Rough deformation limit (Moody Chart) (m) 

Card 3: Barrel Geometry 

NDTZ No. of axial barrel geometry description locations (up to 8) 

ZDB(1-NDTZ) Axial Location (in) 

Card 4: O.D. 

DBAR(1-NDTZ) Barrel O.D. at the location (in) 

Card 5: Inner Diameter 

DBOR(1-NDTZ) Barrel I.D. at the location (in) 
12

Card 6: Probe Location Information 

NHTZ No. of probe locations (up to 8) 

ZOUT(1-NHTZ) Probe AXIAL LOCATION(s) for output (in) 

Card 7: Radial Probe Location 

ROUT(1-NHTZ) Probe RADIAL LOCATION(s) from inside surface (in) 

Card 8: Erosion Material (Base) and Numerical Information 

ICHEM 1 equilibrium, 0 none, 2 finite rate kinetics on surface and 

equilibrium subsurface (-) 

TFREEZ Surface routine freeze out temperature (K) 

RHOSTEEL Density of the wall material (kg/m3) 

TMELT Temperature at which the material begins to melt (K) 

CHTOUT Outer barrel heat transfer coefficient (W/m2/K) 

TOUT Ambient outer air temperature (K) 

DETA Computational coordinate spacing (-) usually “1” 

HOF Latent heat of fusion for the material (J/kg) 

IAXI “0” if the system is planer or “1” if the system is 

axisymetric 

MTMIX Surface temperature 

(1) Molecular weighting function 

(2) Wall temperature 

Conditional Card 2: Erosion Material (Coating) and Numerical Information 

(if chrome > 0) 

NCOAT Number of radial points in coating material (-) 

NBASE Number of radial points in base material (-) 

TFREEZC Coating freeze-out temperature (K) 

RHOCOAT Coating density (Kg/m3) 

TMELTC Melting temperature of coating (K) 

DETA Computational coordinate spacing (-) usually “1” (-) 

HOFC Latent heat of fusion for coating material (J/kg) 

SCALC Coating Stress Flag (-) 
13

Conditional Card 3: Stress Calculation Card (if SCALC >= 1) 

YMC Young’s Modulus Coating (Pa) 

CTEC Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Coating (1/K) 

PRC Poisson’s Ratio Coating (-) 

USC Ultimate Strength of Coating (Pa) 

YMB Young’s Modulus Base (Pa) 

CTEB Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Base (1/K) 

PRB Poisson’s Ratio Base (-) 

Conditional Card 4: Surface Crack Card (if SCALC > 1) 

CW Crack Width (m) 

CLIMIT Crack Distribution Limit for Heat Transfer Augmentation (m) 

Card 9: Burst Fire, Numerical Time Step, and Print Control 

NROUNDS No. of rounds to be simulated 

(NOT IMPLEMENTED IN THIS VERSION = 1)

NKOUNT1 Counter for output print intervals (during htemp.out for each 

round) 

NKOUNT2 Counter for output print intervals (after htemp.out for each 

round) 

DELTV Numerical time step (s) 

LASTSHOT Last round of the immediately previous simulation 

(NOT IMPLEMENTED IN THIS VERSION = 0)

Card 10: Output File Control (0 = false), (1 = true), (2 = >single shot = burst) 

IUNIT Units to be printed 0=K, 1=R 

ITEMP Temperature 0 = as computed, 1= temperature rise 

IOUT(1) Screen output 

IOUT(2) Single shot probe temperature (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(3) Single shot inside surface temperature (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(4) Single shot outside surface temperature (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(5) Burst fire probe temperature (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(6) Burst fire inside surface temperature (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(7) Burst fire outside surface temperature (NHTZ locations) 
14

IOUT(8) Heat transfer coefficient (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(9) Effective gas temperature history (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(10) Single shot graphic output file (for IBGRAF) 

IOUT(11) Burst fire graphic output file (for IBGRAF) 

IOUT(12) Boundary condition output file (P,T,U, I.B.) (for IBGRAF) 

IOUT(13) Bore surface heat flux output file (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(14) Bore surface regression rate (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(15) Bore surface regression (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(16) Bore surface concentrations (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(17) Bore core flow concentrations (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(18) Shear stress azmuthal at interface (NHTZ locations) 

IOUT(19) Shear stress axial at interface (NHTZ locations) 

(Note: Screen output is for PC applications only and is not supported.) 

Card 11: Barrel Material Properties 

IF4340 (1 = true; 0 = false) 

XKS Conductivity of barrel (W/m/K) 

(if IF4340 = 1, a number must still be entered here) 

ALFAS Diffusivity of barrel (m2/s) ) 

(if IF4340 = 1, a number must still be entered here) 

XKC Conductivity of liner (W/m/K) 

ALFAC Diffusivity of liner (m2/s) 

Card 12: Chemistry Data Flag (-) 

AMAGIC “42" – key flag number for the chemistry reading section (-) 

Card 13: Chemistry Data Flag (A30) 

TITLE: Key phrase for chemistry read section 

 “NUMBER OF REACTANT ELEMENTS = “ 

Card 14: Chemistry Data Card (I3) 

NEL: Number of reactant elements (-) 
15

Card 15: Chemistry Data Flag (A30) 

TITLE: Key phrase for chemistry read section 

 "CONSIDERED ELEMENTS = " 

Card 16: Chemistry Data Card (10A4) 

CELEM2(NN)—Element symbols 

Card 17: Chemistry Data Flag (A30) 

TITLE: Key phrase for chemistry read section 

 "REACTANTS" 

Card 18 + No. of Reactants: Chemistry Data Cards (5A4,4(A2,F3.0),A1) 

19.1–19.7 

CNAME(N,K): Enter the reactant species name (left justified) as it appears 

in the N-L library. 

OSPEC1(N,J) Elemental symbol (left justified) 

OSPEC2(N,J) Number of elements in reactant 

ORFAZ(N) Phase: “G”, “L”, or “S” 

PCRIT(N) Critical Pressure (Pa) 

TCRIT(N) Critical Temperature (K) 

SIGMA(N) Sigma for Lennard Jones diffusion (D) 

EPSOK(N) Epsilon over K EPSOK for Lennard Jones diffusion (K) 

Continue until all reactants have been entered # = MXGAS 

Card 19: Chemistry Data Flag (A30) 

TITLE: Key for chemistry read section 

 “PRODUCTS” 

Card 20 + No. Products: Chemistry Data Cards (5A4,4(A2,F3.0),A1) 

20.1–20.7 

CNAME(N,K): Enter the reactant species name (left justified) as it appears 

in the N-L library. 

OSPEC1(N,J) Elemental symbol (left justified) 

OSPEC2(N,J) Number of elements in reactant 

ORFAZ(N) Phase: “G”, “L”, or “S” 

PCRIT(N) Critical Pressure (Pa) 
16

TCRIT(N) Critical Temperature (K) 

SIGMA(N) Sigma for Lennard Jones diffusion (D) 

EPSOK(N) Epsilon over K EPSOK for Lennard Jones diffusion (K) 

Continue until all products have been entered # = MXGAS 

Kinetics data input follows: 

Conditional Card 5: Kinetics Title Card (A40) (if ICHEM = 2) 

TITLEK Key phrase for kinetics read section 

“KINETICS BEGIN REACTION CARDS' 

Conditional Card 6: Kinetics Data Card (3I5) (if ICHEM = 2) 

KNSPEC Number of species 

NRXN Number of reactions 

Conditional Card 7: Kinetics Data Card (4(5A4) (if ICHEM = 2) 

CSPECK(NN,J) Character array of considered species names 

(Order is important) 

Conditional Card 8: Reactants Title & Data Card (A40) (if ICHEM = 2) 

TITLEK Key phrase for kinetics read section 

“CONSIDERED SPECIES FOR KINETIC REACTIONS” 

Conditional Card 9: Reactants Name Card (4(5A4)) (if ICHEM = 2) 

CSPECK Species characters using NASA Lewis notation, using as 

many lines as needed 

Conditional Card 10: Data Card (A10,6E10.4,F5.0,I5) (if ICHEM = 2) 

TITLESMALL Key phrase for kinetics read section 

“REACTANTS” 

CF(N) Forward rate coefficient (cm^3/mole-s) or (cm^6/mole^2-s) 

ETAF(N) Forward rate temperature exponent ETAF (-) 

EF(N) Forward rate activation energy EF/k (K) 

CB(N) Backward rate coefficient (cm^3/mole-s) or (cm^6/mole^2-s) 

“0” - not considered, “-1” computed from thermodynamics 

ETAB(N) Backward rate temperature exponent ETAB (-) 

“0” - not considered, “-1” computed from thermodynamics 
17

EB(N), Backward rate activation energy EB/k(K) 

“0” - not considered, “-1” computed from thermodynamics 

BODY3(N) Third body flag (1=T, 0=F) 

ICOFU(N) Surface or gas phase reaction flag (0 NORMAL 1 = SURFACE) 

Kinetic reactant and product data cards for reaction follow: 

Conditional Card 11: Reactants Data Card (5A4,F3.0,4(A2,F3.0),A1,4E10.4) 

(if ICHEM = 2) 

CKNAME(N,M,K),K=1,5) First reactant of reaction using NASA Lewis 

Notation 

CRCTT(N,M) Reactant atomic coefficient 

OSPECK1(N,M,J) Reactant atomic character 

OSPECK2(N,M,J),J=1,4) Corresponding reactant atomic subscript 

ORFAZK(N,M) Reactant phase “G”, “S”, “L” 

Continue with Card 11 until all reactants in reaction are entered. 

Conditional Card 12: Products Flag Card (5A4,F3.0,4(A2,F3.0),A1) 

(if ICHEM = 2) 

CKNAME(N,M,K),K=1,5) Key phrase for kinetics read section 

 “PRODUCTS” 

Conditional Card 13: Products Data Card (5A4,F3.0,4(A2,F3.0),A1,4E10.4) 

(if ICHEM = 2) 

CKNAME(N,M,K),K=1,5) First product of reaction using NASA Lewis 

Notation 

CRCTT(N,M) Product Atomic Coefficient 

OSPECK1(N,M,J) Product atomic character 

OSPECK2(N,M,J),J=1,4) Corresponding reactant atomic subscript 

ORFAZK(N,M) Product phase “G”, “S”, “L” 

Continue with Card 13 until all products in reaction are entered. 

Conditional Card 14: Efficiency Flag Card (5A4,F3.0,4(A2,F3.0),A1) 

(if BODY3 = 1) 

CKNAME(N,M,K),K=1,5) Key phrase for kinetics read section 

 “EFFICIENCY” 
18

Conditional Card 15: Efficiency Data Card (7E10.4) (if BODY3=1) 

EFF(N,J) Efficiency of each species CSPECK (in CSPECK order!) reacting 

with each other species (in CSPECK order!) to make a product. 

Conditional Card 16: End of Kinetic Reaction Card (5A4,F3.0,4(A2,F3.0),A1) 

(if BODY3 not equal to 1) 

KEND Key phrase for kinetics read section after each reaction if it is not a 

third body 

 “KEND” 

Continue looping on conditional Cards 10–16 until all reactions are entered. 
19

Figure 1. Description of post-mortem erosion pit. 

Figure 2. Analytical surface coating description including stress. 
20

Figure 3. Code/file connectivity. 
21

Table 1. ATEC input/output file table. 

“EK58.f” file numbering table 

File 

No. File name Purpose Input Output 

8 htcoff.dat Heat transfer coefficient data X 

9 bprobe.dat Residual probe data (burst) X 

10 ssurfi.dat Single (burst) shot bore temperature X 

11 bsurfo.dat Residual (burst) outer surface 

temperature 

 X 

12 LASTTEMP.DAT Restart data file X X 

15 erod.in User input X 

16 erod.out Echo of user input X 

17 scratch — X 

20 sprobe.dat Single (burst) shot probe temperature X 

21 ssurfi.dat Single (burst) shot bore temperature X 

22 ssurfo.dat Single (burst) outer surface 

temperature 

 X 

23 htemp.out IB input X 

24 LASTTEMP.DAT Restart data file X X 

25 gastmp.dat Effective gas temperature for exported 

B.C. 

 X 

27 stemps.tab Single (burst) graphic probe 

temperatures 

 X 

28 btemps.tab Burst, graphic probe temperatures X 

29 sputib.tab Single (burst) graphic P,T,u output 

(tableaux) 

 X 

30 species.out Species file from IBBLAKE X 

32 library.in NASA Lewis Library X 

33 — — — — 

34 intp.out Interpolated species concentration 

output 

 X 

35 senergy.dat Bore heat flux convection/chemical X 
22

Table 1. ATEC input/output file table (continued). 

“EK58.f” file numbering table 

File 

No. File name Purpose Input Output 

36 sdsdt.dat Bore surface regression rate X 

37 sregres.dat Bore surface regression X 

38 surfphi.dat Bore surface concentrations X 

39 corephi.dat Bore core flow concentrations X 

40 shears.dat Shear stress azmuthal at interface X 

41 shearz.dat Shear stress axial at interface X 

 fort.3 Input echo X 

 test.out Diagnostics information X 
23

6. References 

1. Conroy, P. J., P. Weinacht, and M. J. Nusca. “Surface Chemistry Effects on 

High Performance Tank Ammunition.” ARL-TR-1526, U.S. Army Research 

Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, October 1997. 

2. Conroy, P. J., P. Weinacht, and M. J. Nusca. “Erosion Studies of Existing 

Army Systems (Point Studies).” ARL-TR-2054, U.S. Army Research 

Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, September 1999. 

3. Conroy, P. J., P. Weinacht, and M. J. Nusca. “Erosion: A Parametric Study— 

Flame Temperature.” Submitted to the Journal of Defense Science, April 2000. 

4. Conroy, P. J., P. Weinacht, and M. J. Nusca. “Gun Tube Coatings in 

Distress.” ARL-TR-2393, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving 

Ground, MD, February 2001. 

5. Conroy, P. J., P. Weinacht, M. J. Nusca, and K. Rice. “Extended Range 5-in 

Navy Gun, Theoretical Thermal and Erosion Investigations.” ARL-TR-2473, 

U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, May 2001. 

6. Conroy, P. J., M. J. Nusca, C. Chabalowski, and W. Anderson. “Gun Tube 

Erosion Macroscopic Surface Kinetics.” ARL-TR-2546, U.S. Army Research 

Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, July 2001. 

7. Weinacht, P., and P. J. Conroy. “A Numerical Method for Predicting Thermal 

Erosion in Gun Tubes.” ARL-TR-1156, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, October 1996. 

8. Gough, P. S. “The XNOVAKTC Code.” BRL-CR-627, U.S. Army Ballistic 

Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1990. 

9. Gordon, S., and B. J. McBride. “Computer Program for Calculation of 

Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions, Rocket Performance, Incident 

and Reflected Shocks, and Chapman-Jouget Detonations.” NASA SP-273, 

NASA Lewis, Cleveland, OH, 1971. 

10. Cote, P. J., and C. Rickard. “Gray Layers and the Erosion of Chromium 

Plated Gun Bore Surfaces.” Submitted to WEAR, August 1999. 

11. Fisher, R. M., A. Sizrmae, and M. H. Kamdar. “Metallographic Studies of 

Erosion and Cracking of Cannon Tubes.” Proceedings of the Tri-Service Gun 

Tube Wear and Erosion Symposium, pp. II-151–II-160, U.S. Army Armament 

Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, 

NJ, October 1982. 
24

Appendix A. Example Input Number 1 

 

 This appendix appears in its original form, without editorial change. 
25

;;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;; Example Input Number 1, June 2001 ;;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; NOTES: ; ; - Add as many comment lines as you want. ; - Each comment line *must* have a semi-colon in column 1. ; - Add comment lines carefully. Most common error is to put a colon (:) ; instead of a semi-colon (;) in column 1. Erosion program issues warning ; message and continues. ; - Can include blank lines ; - Those comments that have a semi-colon in column 2 as well are echoed in the ; output file ero.out (like the first three lines of this file. ; - The free format is nice to use but some systems do not permit more than 72 ; characters per line. ;; ; Please use "instructions" pamphlet to ensure correct input deck development ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Ambient Temp (R), Pr (psi), gas vel (in/s) (FROM XKTC FILE: htemp.out) ; : ..............: : (CRUMMY UNITS ARE FROM THE 70'S) ; : : ......................: ; : : : 530.0 14.70 0.00 
26

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; xchrom (in), tmaxv (ms), xcon, xcham (in), ; : .........: : : ; : : .............: : ; : : : ...............: ; : : : : ; : : : : zmax (in) , nloc , zstart (in), zend (in) ; : : : : : ......: : : ; : : : : : : ...........: : ; : : : : : : : .................: ; : : : : : : : : 2-D LP chamber option ; : : : : : : : : : piston offset for 2-D LP calculation (in; : : : : : : : : : : IMC (extra card required at end) ; : : : : : : : : : : : insulate outer B.C. ; : : : : : : : : : : : : blowby (extra card need p; : : : : : : : : : : : : : (after IMC c; : : : : : : : : : : : : : heat XFR coefficient ; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : : : : : : :<72 0.000 15.0 0.0 7.0 14.0 16 7.6 10.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1. Standard heat tra;0.010 15.0 0.0 22.0 200. 3 25. 28. NA NA NA NA NA -1. Augmented heat t; ROUGHNESS DATA (only if heat transfer coefficient fudge factor is negative) ; esmooth (m) smooth deformation limit (Moody chart) ; : erough (m) rough deformation limit (Moody chart) ; : : ; 1.524D-6 5.D-2 ; ESMOOTH = 2.540D-4 ! (m) CHROME THICKNESS - CHIPPED VIRGIN TUBE ; ESMOOTH = 1.5240D-6 ! (m) DRAWN TUBING - CHROMED TUBE VIRGIN ; EROUGH = 5.0D-2 ! (m) CONDEMNATION CRITERA FOR M256 = 0.5cm therefore EROUGH larg; Barrel Geometry : ; ndtz, zdb (1:ndtz) -- no of axial locations, ndtz locations (in) ; (max = 8) ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 0.0 5.870 6.500 8.877 8.927 9.027 9.370 10.5 
27

; dbar (1:ndtz) -- barrel o.d. at ndtz locations (in)  4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 ; dbor (1:ndtz) -- barrel i.d. at ndtz locations (in) ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1.972 1.942 1.532 0.73 0.618 0.538 0.49 0.50 ; Desired Output Locations: ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; nhtz, zout (1:nhtz)-- no of locations for output, nhtz locations (in) ; (max =8) ; ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 8.90 9.00 9.10 9.20 9.30 9.37 9.50 9.60 ; rout (1:nhtz) -- radial depth at nhtz locations (in) ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 ; ; EROSION DATA CARD (BASE MATERIAL!) ; .... ICHEM (2) EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETICS ON (1) EQUILIBRIUM ONLY ON (0) OFF ; : .... FREEZE-OUT TEMPERATURE (i.e. ICHEM=0) (K) ; : : ..... DENSITY IN (kg/m3) ; : : : ......MELT TEMP (K) ; : : : : .......OUTER BARREL HEAT TRANSFER COEF (W/m2/K) ; : : : : : ..... AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) (OUTSIDE) ; : : : : : : ..... COMPUTATIONAL COORD SPACING (-) ; : : : : : : : ..... LATENT HEAT OF FUSION (J/kg) ; : : : : : : : : .... (0) PLANER (1) AXISYMETRIC ; : : : : : : : : : .... TMIX control volume temperat; : : : : : : : : : : (1)Molecular weighting ; : : : : : : : : : : (0)Wall temp ; : : : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : : :  2 550.0 7827.0 2720.0 6.0 298.0 1.0 2.7E+5 1 0 
28

; EROSION COATING DATA CARD ONLY IF CHROME > 0.D0 ; ...NUMBER OF RADIAL PTS IN COATING (-) ; : .....NUMBER OF RADIAL PTS IN BASE MATERIAL (-) ; : : .... FREEZE-OUT TEMPERATURE (i.e. ICHEM=0) (K) ; : : : ..... DENSITY IN (kg/m3) ; : : : : ......MELT TEMP (K) ; : : : : : ..... COMPUTATIONAL COORD SPACING (-) ; : : : : : : .... LATENT HEAT OF FUSION (J/kg) ; : : : : : : : ...COATING STRESS FLAG (-) ; : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : ; 35 65 250.0 16650.0 3269. 1.0 1.7E+5 1 Ta ; 35 65 250.0 7827.0 2133.0 1.0 2.7E+5 1 chrome ; COATING STRESS CALCULATION CARD - ONLY IF COATING STRESS FLAG GT 0 ; .... Youngs Modulus Coating (Pa) ; : .... CTE Coating (1/K) ; : : .... Poisson's Ratio Coating (-) ; : : : .... Ultimate Strength Coating (Pa) ; : : : : .... Youngs Modulus Base (Pa) ; : : : : : .... CTE Base(1/K) ; : : : : : : .... Poisson's Ratio Base (-) ; : : : : : : : ; ; 186.D9 6.8D-6 0.35D0 900.D6 211.D9 12.6D-6 .296D0 ; TA TA TA TA 4340 4340 4340 ; 248.D9 6.5D-6 0.21D0 413.D6 211.D9 12.6D-6 .296D0 ; chrome chrome chrome chrome 4340 4340 4340 ; chrome data from www.matweb.com ; 4340 data from 4340 material data sheet ; CRACK CALCULATION CARD - ONLY IF COATING STRESS FLAG GT 0 ; .... Crack Width (m) ; : .... Crack Distribution Limit (m) for augmentation of HXF in crack ; : : ; 2.D-4 50.0 ; 
29

; crack width - estimated ; crack distribution limit - estimated ; Firing Data: ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; nrounds, nkount1, nkount2, deltv (s), lastshot ; ..........: : : : ; : .............: : : ; : : ...................: : ; : : : ......................: ; : : : : 1 5 20 10D-6 0 
30

; Desired Output Units and Files: ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; ; iunit (0 for K, 1 for deg R) Units flag ; ___ itemp (0 for as calculated, 1 for temp rise), ; | ; | _______. screen output (single shot-1, burst-2) IOUT(; | | iout (1:9) --- ; | | _______ single shot probe temperature, IOUT(; | | | _______single shot inside surface temperature, IOUT(; | | | | ______single shot outside surface temperature, IOUT(; | | | | | ; | | | | | _____ burst fire probe temperature, IOUT(; | | | | | | ____ burst fire inside surface temperature, IOUT(; | | | | | | | ___ burst fire outside surface temperature, IOUT(; | | | | | | | | ; | | | | | | | | ___ heat transfer coefficient, IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | ___ effective gas temperature history IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | ; | | | | | | | | | | ___ single shot graphics output (for IBGRAF movies) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | ___ burst fire graphics output (for IBGRAF movies) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | ___ boundary condition graphic output (for IBGRAF movies) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | ; | | | | | | | | | | | | | ___ bore surface heat flux output IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ___ bore surface regression rate IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ___ bore surface regression IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ core species concentration (-) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ wall species concentrations(-) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ interfacial shear (MPa) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ interfacial axial shear (MPa) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ blank IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920  Variable Property: k Barrel Alpha Barrel k Liner Alpha Liner ; Property Material: (4340) (4340) (4340) (4340) ; For 4340 Units: (W/m/K) (m2/s) (W/m/K) (m2/s) ; (1=y,2=no) Source: [TPOM] [TPOM] [I&D] [I&D]  1 34.1 5.7e-6 34.1 5.7e-6 
31

; Note: The variable property option overrides the other property inputs Alpa,Cp ; New physical property inputs are in units of W,m,s,K (only for version v32 and above) ; Material Data Source Value @Temp MKS Units ; 304SS k pg. 1164 curve 11 TPOM Vol. 1 0.180 W/cm/K @523K = 18.0 W/m/K ; 304SS k pg. 1164 curve 11 TPOM Vol. 1 0.219 W/cm/K @823K = 21.9 W/m/K ; 4340 k pg. 1212 curve 21 TPOM Vol. 1 0.335 W/cm/K @295K = 33.5 W/m/K ; 4340 k pg. 1212 curve 25 TPOM Vol. 1 0.341 W/cm/K @813K = 34.1 W/m/K ; CHROME k pg. 755 Inc. and Dewitt 0.807 W/cm/K @ 600K = 80.7 W/m/K ; CHROME k pg. 755 Inc. and Dewitt 0.654 W/cm/K @1000K = 65.4 W/m/K ; Comp. k11 = k22 Tzeng Comp. Man. V4 #3 0.0071 W/cm/K = 0.71 W/m/K ; Comp. k33 Tzeng Comp. Man. V4 #3 0.160 W/cm/K = 16.0 W/m/K ; 304SS g. 344 curve 11 TPOM Vol.10 0.0352 cm2/s @ 460K = 3.52e-6 m2/s ; 304SS g. 344 curve 11 TPOM Vol.10 0.0457 cm2/s @1146K = 4.57e-6 m2/s ; 4340 g. 362 curve 2 TPOM Vol.10 0.096 cm2/s @ 313K = 9.6e-6 m2/s ; 4340 g. 362 curve 3 TPOM Vol.10 0.087 cm2/s @ 313K = 8.7e-6 m2/s ; 4340 g. 362 curve 3 TPRC Vol.10 0.057 cm2/s @1203K = 5.7e-6 m2/s ; CHROME . 755 Inc. and Dewitt 0.207 cm2/s @ 600K = 2.0795e-5m2/s ; CHROME . 755 Inc. and Dewitt 0.148 cm2/s @1000K = 1.4828e-5m2/s ; Composite Tzeng Comp. Manu. Vol 4 no 3 0.0051 cm2/s = 5.10e-7 m2/s ; Composite Tzeng Comp. Manu. Vol 4 no 3 0.1150 cm2/s = 1.15e-5 m2/s 42 This species input section is keyed on key phrases in the following notes: Also the previous number "42" is a "magic number" flag 1.SPECIES NAME MUST MATCH NASA LEWIS LIBRARY NAME EXACTLY 2.LEFT JUSTIFIED ELEMENT CHARACTERS 3.RIGHT JUSTIFIED ELEMENT NUMBERS 4.FORMAT (5A4,4(A2,F3.0),A1) 5.LEAVE EXTRAINIOUS FORMAT SEGMENTS BLANK 6.PHASE MUST BE EXPLICITLY SPECIFIED 7.REACTANT ORDER MUST BE THE SAME AS THAT EXTRACTED FROM IB CODE 8.KEY POINTER PHRASES ARE: FORMAT(A30,I3): "NUMBER OF REACTANT ELEMENTS = ",# CONSIDERED ELEMENTS IN "A" ORDER: "CONSIDERED ELEMENTS = " BEGINING OF ALL REACTANT CARDS: "REACTANTS" BEGINING OF THE PRODUCT CARDS: "PRODUCTS" NUMBER OF REACTANT ELEMENTS = 8 
32

CONSIDERED ELEMENTS = H C N O S CR FE NI REACTANTS ; FORMAT (5A4,4(A2,F3.0),A1,4E10.4) ;FORMULA ELEMENTS,# PHASE PCRIT(Pa) TCRIT(K) SIGMA(A) EPSOK(K) ;A4][A4][A4][A4][A4][][ ][][ ][][ ][][ ]A[ E10.4 ][ E10.4 ][ E10.4 ][ E10.4 ] H2 H 2 G 1.3E6 33.1 2.827 59.7 O2 O 2 G 5.08E6 154.6 3.467 106.7 CO C 1O 1 G 3.5E6 133.0 3.690 91.7 CO2 C 1O 2 G 7.39E6 304.0 3.941 195.2 H2O H 2O 1 G 22.09E6 647.1 2.641 809.1 SO2 S 1O 2 G 7.88E6 430.8 4.112 335.4 N2 N 2 G 3.39E6 126.0 3.798 71.4 NO N 1O 1 G 6.48E6 180.0 3.492 116.7 ; note: the 1RST solid reactant (9th reactant) must be C(GR) solid phase C(GR) C 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ; note: the 10th reactant must be FE(A) solid phase FE(A) FE 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 10 ; note: the 11th reactant must be FE(C) solid phase FE(C) FE 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 11 NI(B) NI 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 12 S S 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 13 CR2O3(S) CR 2O 3 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 14 PRODUCTS ; note: FE3C must be the 15th (reactant+product) to match index in program FE3C FE 3C 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 15 FEO(S) FE 1O 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 16 FE3O4(S) FE 3O 4 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 17 FE2O3(S) FE 2O 3 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 18 FEO(L) FE 1O 1 L 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 19 FE FE 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 20 FE(L) FE 1 L 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 21 FEO FE 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 22 FEO2H2 FE 1O 2H 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 23 H H 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 24 O O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 25 ; Note: Neither the critical values nor the Leonard Jones values for O and H in ; substrate. This influences neither the surface state nor transport calculation NO2 N 1O 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 26 NI(L) NI 1 L 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 27 OH O 1H 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 28 
33

;S2 S 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 25 - ;COS C 1O 1S 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 26 - ;SO S 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 27 - ;CRO CR 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 28 - ;CRO2 CR 1O 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 29 - ;HCO RAD H 1C 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 30 - ;HCN H 1C 1N 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 31 - ;HNO H 1N 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 32 - ;OH+ O 1H 1E -1. G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 15 - ;NIO2H2 NI 1O 2H 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 35 - ;NI NI 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 36 - ;NIO NI 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 37 - EQEND ; SIGMA, EPSOK, SOURCE - MARTIN MILLER'S BOOK AND HIRSHFIELDER ; TCRIT, PCRIT, SOURCE - VAN WEHLAN AND SONNTAG ;------- Kinetics data follows------------------------------------------------------------KINETICS BEGIN REACTION CARDS ; ..NUMBER OF KINETIC REACTANT SPECIES (-) FORMAT(4(5A4)) ; : ..NUMBER OF REACTIONS (-) ; : :  10 7 CO2 CO O2 C(GR) FE(A) O H2O H2 H OH CONSIDERED SPECIES FOR KINETIC REACTIONS ; .. REACTANTS "KEY WORD" FORMAT(A10,7E10.4,I5) ; : .. CF (cm^3/mole-s) or (cm^6/mole^2-s) FORWARD RATES ; : : ..ETAF (-) ; : : : .. EF/k (K) (0 => NOT CONSIDERED, -1 => COMPUTED) ; : : : : (cal -> need ICOFU=1) ; : : : : .. CB (cm^3/mole-s) or (cm^6/mole^2-s) REV ; : : : : : .. ETAB (-) ; : : : : : : .. EB/k(K)(0=>NOT,-1=; : : : : : : : .. THIRDBODY (-) ; : : : : : : : : (1=T, 0=F) ; : : : : : : : : ..ICOFU (-) ; : : : : : : : : : (0 NORMA; : : : : : : : : : 
34

;1RST REACTION CO + O <-> CO2 3rd order rxn REACTANTS 6.17E14 0.0 1510.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 ; FORMAT (5A4,F3.0,4(A2,F3.0),A1,4E10.4) CO 1C 1O 1 G O 1O 1 G PRODUCTS CO2 1C 1O 2 G EFFICIENCY ; FORMAT (7(F10.0))  1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0 ;2ND REACTION CO + Fe <-> Fe + C + O REACTANTS 5.2E14 0.0 23903.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 works fCO 1C 1O 1 G FE(A) 1FE 1 S PRODUCTS O 1O 1 G C(GR) 1C 1 S FE(A) 1FE 1 S ;note: if NOT 3rd body RXN, “KEND” is required at end of reaction KEND ;3RD REACTION O + O <-> O2 REACTANTS 1.89E13 0.0 -900.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 O 2O 1 G PRODUCTS O2 1O 2 G EFFICIENCY  1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0 ;4RTH REACTION H + OH <-> H2O REACTANTS 8.35E21 -2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 OH 1O 1H 1 G H 1H 1 G PRODUCTS H2O 1H 2O 1 G EFFICIENCY  1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0 
35

;5TH REACTION H2 + FE <-> H + H + FE REACTANTS 4.57E19 -1.4 52530.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 H2 1H 2 G FE(A) 1FE 1 S PRODUCTS FE(A) 1FE 1 S H 2H 1 G KEND ;6TH REACTION H + O <-> OH REACTANTS 4.71E18 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 O 1O 1 G H 1H 1 G PRODUCTS OH 1O 1H 1 G EFFICIENCY  1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0 ;7TH REACTION CO + O2 <-> CO2 + O REACTANTS 5.06E13 0.0 31800.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 O2 1O 2 G CO 1C 1O 1 G PRODUCTS CO2 1C 1O 2 G O 1O G KEND 
36

Appendix B. Example Input Number 2 

 

 This appendix appears in its original form, without editorial change. 
37

;;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;; Example erod.in number 2 July 2, 2001 ;;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Please use"instructions" pamphlet to ensure correct input deck development ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Ambient Temp (R), Pr (psi), gas vel (in/s) (FROM XKTC FILE: htemp.out) ; : ..............: : (CRUMMY UNITS ARE FROM THE 70'S) ; : : ......................: ; : : : 530.0 14.70 0.00 ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; xchrom (in), tmaxv (ms), xcon, xcham (in), ; : .........: : : ; : : .............: : ; : : : ...............: ; : : : : ; : : : : zmax (in) , nloc , zstart (in), zend (in) ; : : : : : ......: : : ; : : : : : : ...........: : ; : : : : : : : .................: ; : : : : : : : : 2-D LP chamber option ; : : : : : : : : : piston offset for 2-D LP calculation (in; : : : : : : : : : : IMC (extra card required at end) ; : : : : : : : : : : : insulate outer B.C. ; : : : : : : : : : : : : blowby (extra card need p; : : : : : : : : : : : : : (after IMC c; : : : : : : : : : : : : : heat transfer coeffifactor ; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.010 1.0 0.0 22.0 200. 81 19.0 59.0 0 0 0 0 0 -1. augwlower coef ; ROUGHNESS DATA (only if heat transfer coef fudge factor is negative) ; esmooth (m) smooth deformation limit (Moody chart) ; : erough (m) rough deformation limit (Moody chart) ; : :  1.524D-6 5.D-2 
38

; ESMOOTH = 2.540D-4 ! (m) CHROME THICKNESS - CHIPPED VIRGIN TUBE 

; ESMOOTH = 1.5240D-6 ! (m) DRAWN TUBING - CHROMED TUBE VIRGIN ; EROUGH = 5.0D-2 ! (m) CONDEMNATION CRITERA FOR M256 = 0.5cm therefore erough larg; ; Barrel Geometry : ; ndtz, zdb (1:ndtz) -- no of axial locations, ndtz locations (in) ; (max = 8) ; ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 0.0 200.0 ; dbar (1:ndtz) -- barrel o.d. at ndtz locations (in)  10.00 10.00 ; dbor (1:ndtz) -- barrel i.d. at ndtz locations (in) ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  4.80 4.80 ; Desired Output Locations: ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; nhtz, zout (1:nhtz)-- no of locations for output, nhtz locations (in) ; (max =8) ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 25. 29. 33. 37. 41. 45. 49. 53. ; rout (1:nhtz) -- radial depth at nhtz locations (in) ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 ; EROSION DATA CARD (BASE MATERIAL!) ; .... ICHEM (2) EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETICS ON (1) EQUILIBRIUM ONLY ON (0) OFF ; : .... FREEZE-OUT TEMPERATURE (i.e. ICHEM=0) (K) ; : : ..... DENSITY IN (kg/m3) ; : : : ......MELT TEMP (K) ; : : : : .......OUTER BARREL HEAT TRANSFER COEF (W/m2/K) ; : : : : : ..... AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) (OUTSIDE) 
39

; : : : : : : ..... COMPUTATIONAL COORD SPACING (-) ; : : : : : : : ..... LATENT HEAT OF FUSION (J/kg) ; : : : : : : : : .... (0) PLANER (1) AXISYMETRIC ; : : : : : : : : : .... TMIX control volume temperat; : : : : : : : : : : (1)molecular weighting fun; : : : : : : : : : : (0)wall temp ; : : : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : : :  2 750.0 7827.0 1720.0 6.0 298.0 1.0 2.7E+5 1 0 ; EROSION COATING DATA CARD ONLY IF CHROME GT 0.D0 ; ...NUMBER OF RADIAL PTS IN COATING (-) ; : .....NUMBER OF RADIAL PTS IN BASE MATERIAL (-) ; : : .... FREEZE-OUT TEMPERATURE (i.e. ICHEM=0) (K) ; : : : ..... DENSITY IN (kg/m3) ; : : : : ......MELT TEMP (K) ; : : : : : ..... COMPUTATIONAL COORD SPACING (-) ; : : : : : : .... LATENT HEAT OF FUSION (J/kg) ; : : : : : : : ...COATING STRESS FLAG (-) ; : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : ;  35 65 250.0 16650.0 3269. 1.0 1.7E+5 1 Ta ; 35 65 250.0 7827.0 2133.0 1.0 2.7E+5 1 chrome ; COATING STRESS CALCULATION CARD - ONLY IF COATING STRESS FLAG GT 0 ; .... Youngs Modulus Coating (Pa) ; : .... CTE Coating (1/K) ; : : .... Poisson's Ratio Coating (-) ; : : : .... Ultimate Strength Coating (Pa) ; : : : : .... Youngs Modulus Base (Pa) ; : : : : : .... CTE Base(1/K) ; : : : : : : .... Poisson's Ratio Base (-) ; : : : : : : :  186.D9 6.8D-6 0.35D0 900.D6 211.D9 12.6D-6 .296D0 ; TA TA TA TA 4340 4340 4340 
40

; 248.D9 6.5D-6 0.21D0 413.D6 211.D9 12.6D-6 .296D0 ; chrome chrome chrome chrome 4340 4340 4340 ; chrome data from www.matweb.com ; 4340 data from 4340 material data sheet ; CRACK CALCULATION CARD - ONLY IF COATING STRESS FLAG GT 0 ; .... Crack Width (m) ; : .... Crack Distribution Limit (m) for augmentation of HXF in crack ; : :  2.D-4 50.0 ; crack width - estimated ; crack distribution limit - estimated ; Firing Data: ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; nrounds, nkount1, nkount2, deltv (s), lastshot ; ..........: : : : ; : .............: : : ; : : ...................: : ; : : : ......................: ; : : : : 1 5 20 10D-6 0 ; Desired Output Units and Files: ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; ; iunit (0 for K, 1 for deg R) ; ___ itemp (0 for as calculated, 1 for temp rise), ; | ; | _______. screen output (single shot-1, burst-2) IOUT(; | | iout (1:9) --- ; | | _______ single shot probe temperature, IOUT(; | | | _______single shot inside surface temperature, IOUT(; | | | | ______single shot outside surface temperature, IOUT(; | | | | | ; | | | | | _____ burst fire probe temperature, IOUT(; | | | | | | ____ burst fire inside surface temperature, IOUT(; | | | | | | | ___ burst fire outside surface temperature, IOUT(
41

; | | | | | | | | ; | | | | | | | | ___ heat transfer coefficient, IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | ___ effective gas temperature history IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | ; | | | | | | | | | | ___ single shot graphics output (for IBGRAF) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | ___ burst fire graphics output (for IBGRAF) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | ___ boundary condition graphic output (for IBGRAF) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | ; | | | | | | | | | | | | | ___ bore surface heat flux output IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ___ bore surface regression rate IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ___ bore surface regression IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ core species concentration (-) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ wall species concentrations(-) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ interfacial shear (MPa) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ interfacial axial shear (MPa) IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __ blank IOUT(; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 ; Variable Property: k Barrel Alpha Barrel k Liner Alpha Liner ; Property Material: (4340) (4340) (TA) (TA) ; For 4340 Units: (W/m/K) (m2/s) (W/m/K) (m2/s) ; (1=y,2=no) Source: [TPOM] [TPOM] [I&D] [I&D]  1 34.1 9.6e-6 60.2 2.3397e-5 ; Note: The variable property option overrides the other property inputs Alpa,Cp ; New physical property inputs are in units of W,m,s,K (only for version v32 and above) ; 304SS k pg. 1164 curve 11 TPOM Vol. 1 0.180 W/cm/K @523K = 18.0 W/m/K ; 304SS k pg. 1164 curve 11 TPOM Vol. 1 0.219 W/cm/K @823K = 21.9 W/m/K ; 4340 k pg. 1212 curve 21 TPOM Vol. 1 0.335 W/cm/K @295K = 33.5 W/m/K ; 4340 k pg. 1212 curve 25 TPOM Vol. 1 0.341 W/cm/K @813K = 34.1 W/m/K ; CHROME k pg. 755 Inc. and Dewitt 0.807 W/cm/K @ 600K = 80.7 W/m/K ; CHROME k pg. 755 Inc. and Dewitt 0.654 W/cm/K @1000K = 65.4 W/m/K ; Comp. k11 = k22 Tzeng Comp. Man. V4 #3 0.0071 W/cm/K = 0.71 W/m/K ; Comp. k33 Tzeng Comp. Man. V4 #3 0.160 W/cm/K = 16.0 W/m/K ; 304SS g. 344 curve 11 TPOM Vol.10 0.0352 cm2/s @ 460K = 3.52e-6 m2/s ; 304SS g. 344 curve 11 TPOM Vol.10 0.0457 cm2/s @1146K = 4.57e-6 m2/s ; 4340 g. 362 curve 2 TPOM Vol.10 0.096 cm2/s @ 313K = 9.6e-6 m2/s ; 4340 g. 362 curve 3 TPOM Vol.10 0.087 cm2/s @ 313K = 8.7e-6 m2/s 
42

; 4340 g. 362 curve 3 TPRC Vol.10 0.057 cm2/s @1203K = 5.7e-6 m2/s ; CHROME . 755 Inc. and Dewitt 0.207 cm2/s @ 600K = 2.0795e-5m2/s ; CHROME . 755 Inc. and Dewitt 0.148 cm2/s @1000K = 1.4828e-5m2/s ; Composite Tzeng Comp. Manu. Vol 4 no 3 0.0051 cm2/s = 5.10e-7 m2/s ; Composite Tzeng Comp. Manu. Vol 4 no 3 0.1150 cm2/s = 1.15e-5 m2/s 42 This species input section is keyed on key phrases in the following notes: Also the previous number "42" is a "magic number" flag 1.SPECIES NAME MUST MATCH NASA LEWIS LIBRARY NAME EXACTLY 2.LEFT JUSTIFIED ELEMENT CHARACTERS 3.RIGHT JUSTIFIED ELEMENT NUMBERS 4.FORMAT (5A4,4(A2,F3.0),A1) 5.LEAVE EXTRAINIOUS FORMAT SEGMENTS BLANK 6.PHASE MUST BE EXPLICITLY SPECIFIED 7.REACTANT ORDER MUST BE THE SAME AS THAT EXTRACTED FROM IB CODE 8.KEY POINTER PHRASES ARE: FORMAT(A30,I3): "NUMBER OF REACTANT ELEMENTS = ",# CONSIDERED ELEMENTS IN "A" ORDER: "CONSIDERED ELEMENTS = " BEGINING OF ALL REACTANT CARDS: "REACTANTS" BEGINING OF THE PRODUCT CARDS: "PRODUCTS" NUMBER OF REACTANT ELEMENTS = 8 CONSIDERED ELEMENTS = H C N O S CR FE NI REACTANTS ; FORMAT (5A4,4(A2,F3.0),A1,4E10.4) ;FORMULA ELEMENTS,# PHASE PCRIT(Pa) TCRIT(K) SIGMA(A) EPSOK(K) ;A4][A4][A4][A4][A4][][ ][][ ][][ ][][ ]A[ E10.4 ][ E10.4 ][ E10.4 ][ E10.4 ] H2 H 2 G 1.3E6 33.1 2.827 59.7 O2 O 2 G 5.08E6 154.6 3.467 106.7 CO C 1O 1 G 3.5E6 133.0 3.690 91.7 CO2 C 1O 2 G 7.39E6 304.0 3.941 195.2 H2O H 2O 1 G 22.09E6 647.1 2.641 809.1 SO2 S 1O 2 G 7.88E6 430.8 4.112 335.4 N2 N 2 G 3.39E6 126.0 3.798 71.4 NO N 1O 1 G 6.48E6 180.0 3.492 116.7 ; note: the 1RST solid reactant (9th reactant) must be C(GR) solid phase C(GR) C 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 
43

; note: the 10th reactant must be FE(A) solid phase FE(A) FE 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 10 ; note: the 11th reactant must be FE(C) solid phase FE(C) FE 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 11 NI(B) NI 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 12 S S 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 13 CR2O3(S) CR 2O 3 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 14 PRODUCTS ; note: FE3C must be the 15th (reactant+product) to match index in program FE3C FE 3C 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 15 FEO(S) FE 1O 1 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 16 FE3O4(S) FE 3O 4 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 17 FE2O3(S) FE 2O 3 S 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 18 FEO(L) FE 1O 1 L 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 19 FE FE 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 20 FE(L) FE 1 L 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 21 FEO FE 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 22 FEO2H2 FE 1O 2H 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 23 H H 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 24 O O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 25 ; Note: Neither the critical values nor the Leonard Jones values for O and H in ; substrate. This influences neither the surface state nor tranport calculation NO2 N 1O 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 26 NI(L) NI 1 L 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 27 OH O 1H 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 28 ;S2 S 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 25 - ;COS C 1O 1S 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 26 - ;SO S 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 27 - ;CRO CR 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 28 - ;CRO2 CR 1O 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 29 - ;HCO RAD H 1C 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 30 - ;HCN H 1C 1N 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 31 - ;HNO H 1N 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 32 - ;OH+ O 1H 1E -1. G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 15 - ;NIO2H2 NI 1O 2H 2 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 35 - ;NI NI 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 36 - ;NIO NI 1O 1 G 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 37 - EQEND ; SIGMA, EPSOK, SOURCE - MARTIN MILLER'S BOOK AND HIRSHFIELDER ; TCRIT, PCRIT, SOURCE - VAN WEHLAN AND SONNTAG 
44

KINETICS BEGIN REACTION CARDS ; ..NUMBER OF KINETIC REACTANT SPECIES ; : ..NUMBER OF REACTIONS ; : :  10 7 ; FORMAT(4(5A4)) CO2 CO O2 C(GR) FE(A) O H2O H2 H OH CONSIDERED SPECIES FOR KINETIC REACTIONS ; .. REACTANTS "KEY WORD" FORMAT(A10,7E10.4,I5) ; : .. CF (CM3/MOLE-S) or (CM6/MOLE2-S) FORWARD RATES ; : : ..ETAF (-) ; : : : .. EF/k (K) (0 => NOT CONSIDERED, -1 => COMPUTED) ; : : : : (cal -> need icofu=1) ; : : : : .. CB (CM3/MOLE-S) or (CM6/MOLE2-S) REV RA; : : : : : .. ETAB (-) ; : : : : : : .. EB/k(K)(0=>NOT,-1=; : : : : : : : .. THIRDBODY (-) ; : : : : : : : : (1=T, 0=F) ; : : : : : : : : ..ICOFU (-) ; : : : : : : : : : (0 NORMA; : : : : : : : : : ;1RST REACTION CO + O <-> CO2 3rd order rxn REACTANTS 6.17E14 0.0 1510.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 ; FORMAT (5A4,F3.0,4(A2,F3.0),A1,4E10.4) CO 1C 1O 1 G O 1O 1 G PRODUCTS CO2 1C 1O 2 G EFFICIENCY  1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0 ;2ND REACTION CO + Fe <-> Fe + C + O REACTANTS 5.2E14 0.0 23903.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 CO 1C 1O 1 G FE(A) 1FE 1 S PRODUCTS 
45

O 1O 1 G C(GR) 1C 1 S FE(A) 1FE 1 S ;note: if NOT 3rd body RXN, KEND is required KEND ;3RD REACTION O + O <-> O2 REACTANTS 1.89E13 0.0 -900.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 O 2O 1 G PRODUCTS O2 1O 2 G EFFICIENCY  1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0 ;4RTH REACTION H + OH <-> H2O REACTANTS 8.35E21 -2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 OH 1O 1H 1 G H 1H 1 G PRODUCTS H2O 1H 2O 1 G EFFICIENCY  1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0 ;5TH REACTION H2 + FE <-> H + H + FE REACTANTS 4.57E19 -1.4 52530.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 H2 1H 2 G FE(A) 1FE 1 S PRODUCTS FE(A) 1FE 1 S H 2H 1 G KEND ;6TH REACTION H + O <-> OH REACTANTS 4.71E18 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 O 1O 1 G H 1H 1 G PRODUCTS OH 1O 1H 1 G EFFICIENCY 
46

 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0 ;7TH REACTION CO + O2 <-> CO2 + O REACTANTS 5.06E13 0.0 31800.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 O2 1O 2 G CO 1C 1O 1 G PRODUCTS CO2 1C 1O 2 G O 1O G KEND 
47

Appendix C. Example of “species.out” File 

 

 This appendix appears in its original form, without editorial change. 
48

-Time_(ms), ------N2-, ------CO-, -----H2O-, ------H2-, -----CO2-, -----KOH-, ------NO-, -----COS-, ------O2-, 

0.0000, 2.773E-01, 2.740E-01, 2.498E-01, 1.200E-01, 6.843E-02, 2.115E-03, 3.748E-04, 9.378E-05, 4.045E-05, 

0.0500, 2.820E-01, 2.741E-01, 2.429E-01, 1.261E-01, 6.511E-02, 1.947E-03, 3.321E-04, 9.704E-05, 3.205E-05, 

0.1000, 2.884E-01, 2.715E-01, 2.372E-01, 1.311E-01, 6.245E-02, 1.810E-03, 3.000E-04, 9.926E-05, 3.272E-05, 

0.1500, 2.886E-01, 2.714E-01, 2.372E-01, 1.309E-01, 6.218E-02, 1.815E-03, 3.268E-04, 9.745E-05, 3.432E-05, 

0.2000, 2.962E-01, 2.683E-01, 2.303E-01, 1.371E-01, 5.912E-02, 1.653E-03, 2.854E-04, 9.995E-05, 4.025E-05, 

0.2500, 3.028E-01, 2.655E-01, 2.240E-01, 1.428E-01, 5.656E-02, 1.508E-03, 2.438E-04, 1.019E-04, 4.559E-05, 

0.3000, 3.088E-01, 2.630E-01, 2.183E-01, 1.479E-01, 5.422E-02, 1.382E-03, 2.179E-04, 1.025E-04, 5.244E-05, 

0.3500, 3.140E-01, 2.608E-01, 2.131E-01, 1.526E-01, 5.224E-02, 1.267E-03, 1.911E-04, 1.027E-04, 5.844E-05, 

0.4000, 3.187E-01, 2.587E-01, 2.084E-01, 1.568E-01, 5.041E-02, 1.166E-03, 1.738E-04, 1.020E-04, 6.630E-05, 

0.4500, 3.189E-01, 2.587E-01, 2.085E-01, 1.567E-01, 5.026E-02, 1.170E-03, 1.819E-04, 1.021E-04, 6.961E-05, 

0.5000, 3.231E-01, 2.569E-01, 2.043E-01, 1.605E-01, 4.865E-02, 1.079E-03, 1.653E-04, 1.012E-04, 7.853E-05, 

0.5500, 3.269E-01, 2.552E-01, 2.004E-01, 1.641E-01, 4.727E-02, 9.956E-04, 1.487E-04, 9.975E-05, 8.603E-05, 

0.6000, 3.303E-01, 2.537E-01, 1.968E-01, 1.673E-01, 4.598E-02, 9.217E-04, 1.369E-04, 9.820E-05, 9.618E-05, 

0.6500, 3.334E-01, 2.524E-01, 1.936E-01, 1.702E-01, 4.487E-02, 8.532E-04, 1.250E-04, 1.045E-04, 9.606E-05, 

0.7000, 3.362E-01, 2.511E-01, 1.907E-01, 1.729E-01, 4.382E-02, 7.924E-04, 1.162E-04, 1.160E-04, 9.410E-05, 

0.7500, 3.372E-01, 2.507E-01, 1.898E-01, 1.736E-01, 4.344E-02, 7.749E-04, 1.230E-04, 1.147E-04, 9.389E-05, 

0.8000, 3.389E-01, 2.500E-01, 1.881E-01, 1.752E-01, 4.277E-02, 7.399E-04, 1.349E-04, 1.104E-04, 9.304E-05, 

0.8500, 3.412E-01, 2.490E-01, 1.856E-01, 1.774E-01, 4.195E-02, 6.877E-04, 1.453E-04, 1.022E-04, 9.041E-05, 

0.9000, 3.433E-01, 2.480E-01, 1.834E-01, 1.795E-01, 4.116E-02, 6.413E-04, 1.600E-04, 9.576E-05, 9.271E-05, 

0.9501, 3.457E-01, 2.469E-01, 1.818E-01, 1.808E-01, 4.031E-02, 5.875E-04, 1.757E-04, 1.040E-04, 8.814E-05, 

1.0001, 3.471E-01, 2.463E-01, 1.831E-01, 1.794E-01, 3.982E-02, 5.583E-04, 1.884E-04, 1.130E-04, 8.431E-05, 

1.0501, 3.472E-01, 2.463E-01, 1.830E-01, 1.795E-01, 3.975E-02, 5.605E-04, 1.979E-04, 1.195E-04, 8.487E-05, 

1.1001, 3.488E-01, 2.456E-01, 1.845E-01, 1.777E-01, 3.914E-02, 5.242E-04, 2.168E-04, 1.333E-04, 8.223E-05, 

1.1501, 3.503E-01, 2.449E-01, 1.860E-01, 1.761E-01, 3.862E-02, 4.899E-04, 2.314E-04, 1.442E-04, 7.941E-05, 

1.2001, 3.517E-01, 2.443E-01, 1.873E-01, 1.747E-01, 3.810E-02, 4.590E-04, 2.529E-04, 1.601E-04, 7.722E-05, 

1.2501, 3.530E-01, 2.437E-01, 1.886E-01, 1.733E-01, 3.766E-02, 4.297E-04, 2.694E-04, 1.726E-04, 7.446E-05, 

1.3001, 3.542E-01, 2.432E-01, 1.897E-01, 1.721E-01, 3.721E-02, 4.032E-04, 2.938E-04, 1.910E-04, 7.233E-05, 

1.3501, 3.543E-01, 2.432E-01, 1.896E-01, 1.721E-01, 3.715E-02, 4.046E-04, 3.086E-04, 2.018E-04, 7.352E-05, 

1.3503, 3.553E-01, 2.427E-01, 1.907E-01, 1.709E-01, 3.681E-02, 3.784E-04, 3.182E-04, 2.096E-04, 7.010E-05, 

1.4000, 3.561E-01, 2.423E-01, 1.914E-01, 1.702E-01, 3.651E-02, 3.615E-04, 3.410E-04, 2.271E-04, 6.872E-05, 
49

1.4500, 3.569E-01, 2.420E-01, 1.921E-01, 1.693E-01, 3.621E-02, 3.661E-04, 3.433E-04, 2.465E-04, 6.706E-05, 

1.5000, 3.577E-01, 2.416E-01, 1.928E-01, 1.686E-01, 3.593E-02, 3.921E-04, 3.266E-04, 2.665E-04, 6.553E-05, 

1.5500, 3.583E-01, 2.414E-01, 1.933E-01, 1.680E-01, 3.572E-02, 4.197E-04, 3.137E-04, 2.874E-04, 6.468E-05, 

1.6000, 3.589E-01, 2.411E-01, 1.938E-01, 1.674E-01, 3.552E-02, 4.428E-04, 3.049E-04, 2.995E-04, 6.328E-05, 

1.6500, 3.596E-01, 2.408E-01, 1.945E-01, 1.666E-01, 3.528E-02, 4.823E-04, 3.342E-04, 2.822E-04, 7.346E-05, 

1.7000, 3.596E-01, 2.408E-01, 1.945E-01, 1.667E-01, 3.527E-02, 5.081E-04, 3.521E-04, 2.833E-04, 8.149E-05, 

1.7500, 3.603E-01, 2.404E-01, 1.951E-01, 1.659E-01, 3.509E-02, 5.540E-04, 3.846E-04, 2.672E-04, 9.860E-05, 

1.8000, 3.609E-01, 2.401E-01, 1.958E-01, 1.652E-01, 3.492E-02, 5.882E-04, 4.088E-04, 2.516E-04, 1.132E-04, 

1.8500, 3.614E-01, 2.399E-01, 1.963E-01, 1.646E-01, 3.480E-02, 6.414E-04, 4.447E-04, 2.376E-04, 1.378E-04, 

1.9000, 3.619E-01, 2.396E-01, 1.969E-01, 1.639E-01, 3.469E-02, 6.809E-04, 4.712E-04, 2.242E-04, 1.586E-04, 

1.9500, 3.623E-01, 2.394E-01, 1.973E-01, 1.634E-01, 3.464E-02, 7.422E-04, 5.105E-04, 2.121E-04, 1.939E-04, 

1.9946, 3.625E-01, 2.393E-01, 1.976E-01, 1.630E-01, 3.466E-02, 7.844E-04, 5.346E-04, 2.228E-04, 2.050E-04, 

2.0000, 3.625E-01, 2.393E-01, 1.976E-01, 1.630E-01, 3.468E-02, 7.887E-04, 5.366E-04, 2.259E-04, 2.051E-04, 

2.0500, 3.624E-01, 2.392E-01, 1.977E-01, 1.629E-01, 3.479E-02, 8.218E-04, 5.517E-04, 2.525E-04, 2.042E-04, 

2.1000, 3.625E-01, 2.391E-01, 1.980E-01, 1.625E-01, 3.486E-02, 8.497E-04, 5.633E-04, 2.792E-04, 1.979E-04, 

2.1500, 3.625E-01, 2.391E-01, 1.984E-01, 1.621E-01, 3.504E-02, 8.859E-04, 5.739E-04, 3.197E-04, 1.936E-04, 

2.2000, 3.625E-01, 2.390E-01, 1.986E-01, 1.619E-01, 3.517E-02, 9.079E-04, 5.780E-04, 3.493E-04, 1.903E-04, 

2.2500, 3.623E-01, 2.390E-01, 1.989E-01, 1.615E-01, 3.544E-02, 9.365E-04, 5.790E-04, 3.956E-04, 1.883E-04, 

2.2705, 3.622E-01, 2.390E-01, 1.990E-01, 1.614E-01, 3.558E-02, 9.480E-04, 5.779E-04, 4.171E-04, 1.886E-04, 
50

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PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 

1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 

March 2003 

2. REPORT TYPE 

Final 

3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 

October 2000–October 2001 

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 

5b. GRANT NUMBER 

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 

U.S. Army Research Laboratory Gun Tube Erosion Code (ATEC) User's Guide 

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 

5d. PROJECT NUMBER 

622105H8411 

5e. TASK NUMBER 

6. AUTHOR(S) 

Paul J. Conroy 

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 

U.S. Army Research Laboratory 

ATTN: AMSRL-WM-BD 

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5066

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 

 REPORT NUMBER 

ARL-TR-2936 

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 

11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT 

 NUMBER(S) 

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 

14. ABSTRACT 

This report documents the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Gun Tube Erosion Code (ATEC) user input as well as output from the 

code. Instructions for developing an input deck are explicitly provided to assist the user. Each input variable is described, and 

units are provided where necessary. The appendices include examples of various input decks and an example of the species 

input file. Files required to operate the code include a user-generated input deck, an output file HTEMP.OUT from XKTC 

(Gough, P. S. "The XNOVAKTC Code." BRL-CR-627, U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 

1990), the NASA Lewis library (Gordon, S., and B. J. McBride. "Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical 

Equilibrium Compositions, Rocket Performance, Incident and Reflected Shocks, and Chapman-Jouget Detonations." NASA SP273, NASA Lewis, Cleveland, OH, 1971), and a species temporal file, "species.out", from a coupled interballistic equilibrium 

thermodynamic code. The ATEC code has been applied to the 25-mm Bushmaster cannon, Navy 5-in cannons, the 120-mm 

M256 tank cannon, as well as various vented fixtures, and has performed well in representing the physics which occurs at the 

surface. 

15. SUBJECT TERMS

gun tube erosion, surface chemistry 

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON 

Paul J. Conroy 

a. REPORT 

UNCLASSIFIED

b. ABSTRACT 

UNCLASSIFIED

c. THIS PAGE 

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