NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 100

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

Volume 100

BOREAS Level-3s SPOT Imagery:

Scaled At-sensor Radiance in

LGSOWG Format

Richard Strub, Jaime Nickeson, and Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Raytheon ITSS,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Josef Cihlar, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

September 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010023539 2018-05-14T18:48:45+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 100

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

Volume 100

BOREAS Level-3s SPOT Imagery:

Scaled At-sensor Radiance in

LGSOWG Format

Richard Strub, Jaime Nickeson, and Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Raytheon ITSS,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Josef Cihlar, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

September 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS Level-3s SPOT Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in

LGSOWG Format

Richard Strub, Jaime Nickeson, Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Josef Cihlar

Summary

For BOREAS, the level-3s SPOT data, along with the other remotely sensed images, were collected in

order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information

includes radiant energy, detailed land cover, and biophysical parameter maps such as FPAR and LAI.

The SPOT images acquired for the BOREAS project were selected primarily to fill temporal gaps in the

Landsat TM image data collection. CCRS collected and supplied the level-3s images to BORIS for use

in the remote sensing research activities. Spatially, the level-3s images cover 60- by 60-kin portions of

the BOREAS NSA and SSA. Temporally, the images cover the period of 17-Apr-1994 to

30-Aug-1996. The images are available in binary image format files. Due to copyright issues, the

SPOT images may not be publicly available.

Note that the level-3s SPOT data are not contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set. An inventory

listing file is supplied on the CD-ROM to inform users of the data that were collected. See Sections 15

and 16 for information about how to acquire the data

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS Level-3s SPOT Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in LGSOWG Format

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Staff Science effort covered those activities

that were BOREAS community-level activities or required uniform data collection procedures across

sites and time. These activities included the acquisition of the relevant satellite data. Data from the

Page 1
High-ResolutionVisible (HRV)instrumentsontheSystemePourl'ObservationdelaTerre(SPOT)

satelliteswereacquiredbytheCanadaCentrefor RemoteSensing(CCRS)andprovidedfor useby

BOREASresearchers.BOREASInformationSystem(BORIS)andCCRSpersonnelsubsequently

reviewedandinventoriedtheimagesdescribedhere.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

ForBOREAS,theSPOTimagery,alongwith theotherremotelysensedimages,wascollectedin

orderto providespatiallyextensiveinformationovertheprimarystudyareas.TheSPOTimages

acquiredfor theBOREASprojectwereselectedprimarilyto fill temporalgapsintheLandsatThematic

Mapper(TM) imagecollection.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

SPOT level-3s data in BORIS contain the following parameters:

Original image header information, image coordinates, gains and offsets for each band for

at-sensor radiance derivations, image bands 1 to 3 processed with systematic spatial corrections.

1.5 Discussion

Use and distribution of the level-3s SPOT images are subject to copyright restrictions. CCRS and

Radarsat International (RSI) granted permission to BOREAS to place a subset of the level-3a Landsat

TM images on the BOREAS CD-ROM series. However, none of the other Landsat TM or level-3s

SPOT images are included. The level-3s SPOT images may not be available for public access. Please

see Sections 15 and 16 for further details.

BORIS staff processed the SPOT level-3s imagery by:

• Extracting pertinent header information from the level-3s image product and placing it in an

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) file on disk.

• Reading the information in the ASCII disk file and loading the online data base with pertinent

information.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS Level-3s Landsat TM Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in LGSOWG Format

BOREAS Level-3a Landsat TM Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in BSQ Format

BOREAS Level-3b Landsat TM Imagery: At-sensor Radiance in BSQ Format

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

BOREAS Staff Science

2.2 Title of Investigation

BOREAS Staff Science Satellite Data Acquisition Program

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Josef Cihlar

Canada Centre for Remote Sensing

588 Booth Street, 4th Floor

Ottawa, Ontario

K1AOY7 Canada

(613) 947-1265

(613) 947-1406 (fax)

cihlar@ccrs.emr.ca

Page 2
Contact 2:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

The launch of France's SPOT satellite system on 22-Feb-1986 gave the remote sensing community the

capability of applying high-resolution multispectral imagery to a range of land use and land cover

analyses. The SPOT satellite platforms are equipped with two HRV linear array (pushbroom) sensors

capable of operating in a panchromatic (PAN) mode with 10-m resolution, or a three-band

multispectral (XS) mode with 20-m resolution. The SPOT-1 satellite was retired from active service on

31-Dec-1990 but was reactivated in Jan-1998. SPOT-2 was launched on 22-Jan-1990. SPOT-3 was

launched on 25-Sep-1993 and suffered an unrecoverable malfunction on 14-Nov-1997. SPOT-4 was

launched on 24-Mar-1998. Currently, SPOT-1, SPOT-2, and SPOT-4 continue to fulfill the SPOT

global mission.

Thematic considerations have dictated, within technical constraints, the choice of spectral band

position and width in the multispectral mode. Three bands were selected for the multispectral mode: 1)

A green (500- to 590-nm) band centered at the 550-nm maximum in the chlorophyll reflectance curve,

which is on the long wavelength side of the broad attenuation minimum of water, thus giving access to

turbidity assessment and bathymetric evaluation in the first 10 to 20 m of surface water. 2) A red band

(610 to 680 nm), similar to the Landsat TM channel 3, which provides much information on crop

identification, bare soil, and rocky surfaces. Atmospheric transmittance on a fine day is about 90

percent while water penetration is about 2 m with surface reflectance of 4 percent (attenuation

coefficient: 5x10 I/m). This band corresponds to chlorophyll absorption; i.e., low vegetation

reflectance. 3) The near-infrared band (790 to 890 nm), which penetrates best through the atmosphere

(transmittance is about 95 percent for a clear atmosphere model) and light haze. Vegetation stands out

brightly and water surfaces appear very dark (1 percent reflectance with a high attenuation coefficient:

10 to 50 m). Although silicon spectral sensitivity extends out to 1,100 nm, the band was not extended

beyond 900 nan in order to avoid response modulation by atmospheric water vapor and to limit the

smearing effect of electron diffusion within the detectors. Vegetation biomass can be evaluated with the

red and near-infrared bands taken together. All three color bands are coded linearly on 8 bits, with a

choice of ground-controlled preset gains.

For the higher ground-resolution black-and-white, or panchromatic mode, a broader spectral band

was required. In order to retain the capability for texture analysis in support of the color mode and a

high information content over vegetated areas, the interval 510 to 730 nm was chosen for the broad

band. The basic coding scheme is 6-bits linear with a choice of eight selectable preset gains. Higher

radiometric resolution can be selected by ground command of a differential Pulse Code Modulation

System, which compresses each 3-pixel packet to 18 bits, while retaining an 8-bit equivalent

radiometric resolution.

Page 3
4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

The HRV instruments form images without any moving mechanical part (e.g., scanning mirrors,

disc choppers, or mechanical modulators). The HRV telescope is a pseudo-Schmidt design, since the

corrector plate is a spherical doublet. In this folded arrangement, sufficient room is available in the

focal plane for a dichroic prism separator followed by four multilinear array mounts. The spectral

regions and bandwidths of each channel are given in the table below:

Channel Wavelength (_m)

1 0.50

2 0.61

3 0.79

- 0.59

- 0.68

- 0.89

4.1.1 Collection Environment

The BOREAS SPOT level-3s imagery was acquired through the CCRS. The SPOT satellites orbit

Earth at a mean altitude of 805 kin. Radiometric corrections and systematic geometric corrections are

applied to produce the images in a path-oriented, systematically corrected spatial form. A full level-3s

SPOT image contains 4,500 pixels in each of 3,000 lines. Before any geometric corrections, the

ground resolution is 20 m for bands 1-3 at nadir. The pixel values of the images can range from 0 to

255. This allows each pixel to be stored in a single-byte field. The level-3s images were processed

through the CCRS Geocoded Image Correction System (GICS) (Friedel, 1992).

4.1.2 Source/Platform

The BOREAS SPOT images were collected by the HRV instruments on the SPOT-2 and SPOT-3

satellites.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objectives of the SPOT mission are to 1) experiment on desirable characteristics of

(operational) remote sensing systems; 2) build up an archive and make available a wide data base for

cartographic and Earth exploration purposes; 3) experiment on improving vegetative species

discrimination and producing forecasting by frequent access and off-nadir viewing; 4) build up a stereo

archive of areas of real interest for purposes of photo-interpretation, planimetric cartography, and

cartographic updating at scales of 1/100,000 and 1/50,000; and 5) qualify the multimission platform

and solar array camera in space.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Reflected radiation.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The SPOT system consists of an orbiting satellite with two HRV instruments as well as ground

facilities for image reception, preprocessing, distribution, satellite monitoring, and preparation of

imaging programs. The instruments are pointable in the across-track direction in order to allow rapid

access to any point on the globe and acquisition of stereoscopic image pairs from different satellite

passes. Imaging is accomplished by the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) linear array using the

"pushbroom" scanning principle. In a given spectral mode, the HRV instrument images a single line of

the landscape at a given moment: all the points making up one line are analyzed simultaneously. The

motion of the orbiting satellite and the corresponding shift of the imaged line allow acquisition of a

complete image.

Image acquisitions are commanded by the satellite's onboard computer. An imaging sequence can

comprise a succession of images acquired in panchromatic or multispectral mode (note that the satellite

cannot operate the HRV sensors in both modes at the same time) and changes in the viewing direction

of each of the two HRV instruments (rotation of the strip-selection mirror at the entrance of each

Page 4
instrument).Datageneratedby theinstrumentsaretransmittedto thegroundoverthepayload-specific

X-bandtelemetrylink orstoredby meansof two onboardrecordersforlaterrecoveryby theToulouse

imageryreceivingfacility.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

The HRV was designed to achieve a multispectral capability with a nominal nadir ground sampling

interval of 20 m x 20 m; a 10-m sampling interval in a panchromatic mode. A ground resolution of 20

m over a 60-km swath is achieved using an array of 3,000 detectors (CCD) per spectral band, sampled

every 3 milliseconds, while a ground resolution of 10 m over the same swath width uses 6,000

detectors per line, sampled every 1.5 milliseconds.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)

Centre Spatial de Toulouse

31055 Toulouse, France

4.2 Calibration

The calibration unit is an auxiliary device designed to illuminate the detection unit by providing

light at the entrance to the HRV telescope (the strip selection mirror having been previously moved to

the calibration position). One of two light sources may be selected: the calibration lamp or the

fiber-optic sunlight collector. The calibration lamp illuminates all 16 CCD linear arrays of the HRV

detection unit and is used for relative calibration (sometimes referred to as "in-band calibration." The

fiber-optic sunlight collector illuminates a small number of detectors in each spectral band with sunlight

gathered from outside the HRV instrument at certain periods and is used for absolute, interband,

multidate calibration.

4.2.1 Specifications

Main Instrument Parameters

Color mode B/W mode

Ground sampling step (m) 20 i0

Array sampling period (m/s) 3 1.5

XSl 0.50-0.59

Spectral bands (gm) XS2 0.61-0.68 P 0.51-0.73

XS3 0.79-0.89

Grey levels 256 (8 bits) 128 (6 bits)

Image data bit rate (Mb/s) 25 25

Number of pixels per line 3000 6000

Swath width (km) 60 (nadir)

Nominal altitude (km) 832

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

Central viewing direction +0.163 and -0.163 deg.

Field steering direction 0+/-45 steps 0.6 deg. apart

Outermost observable direction +/-29.23 deg.

Corresponding distance to track +/-475 km

Location accuracy level-iB 650 m (max)

Scale distortion 0.07%

Anisomorphism 0.07%

Multispectral band registration 0.15 pixels

Multidate registration accuracy 2.5 m

Relief plotting accuracy for

viewing angles between 0 to 27 deg. 7 m

-27 to +27 deg. 3.5 m

Page 5
4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

CNES maintains an ongoing calibration monitoring effort. Every 3 to 6 months, analysis results of

instrument calibration are released for use by data users.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None given.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

The BOREAS SPOT level-3s imagery was acquired through CCRS. Radiometric and systematic

geometric corrections are applied to produce the images in a path-oriented, systematically corrected

spatial form. A full level-3s SPOT image contains 4,500 pixels in each of 3,000 lines. Before any

geometric corrections, the ground resolution is 20 m for bands 1-3 at nadir. The pixel values of the

images can range from 0 to 255. This allows each pixel to be stored in a single-byte field. The level-3s

images were processed through the CCRS GICS.

6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

Not applicable.

6. Observations

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The BOREAS level-3s SPOT images cover portions of the Northern Study Area (NSA) and the

Southern Study Area (SSA), which are located in the northeast and southwest portions of the overall

region. A full SPOT scene covers approximately 3,600 square kilometers.

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) corner coordinates of the NSA are:

Latitude Longitude

Northwest 56.249 N 98.825 W

Northeast 56.083 N 97.234 W

Southwest 55.542 N 99.045 W

Southeast 55.379 N 97.489 W

The NAD83 corner coordinates of the SSA are:

Latitude Longitude

Northwest 54.321 N 106.228 W

Northeast 54.225 N 104.237 W

Southwest 53.515 N 106.321 W

Southeast 53.420 N 104.368 W

Page 6
7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Before any geometric corrections, the spatial resolution is 20 m at nadir. These values increase

with scan angle away from the nadir path. The level-3s SPOT images have had geometric corrections

applied so that the spatial resolution for all pixels is 20 m in all bands. These level-3s images have a

high level of internal spatial integrity, but the actual geographic coordinates contained in the image

header can be offset from their actual positions by as much as 10 km (personal communication with

CCRS personnel, 1994).

7.1.4 Projection

The level-3s SPOT images are placed in a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection based

on NAD83. Detailed projection parameter information for the individual images is contained in the

leader file(s).

7.1.5 Grid Description

The grid spacing for each pixel in the level-3s SPOT images is 20 m in the UTM projection.

Detailed grid parameter information for the individual images is contained in the leader file(s).

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The images cover the period of 17-Apr-1994 to 30-Aug-1996. The SPOT images acquired for the

BOREAS project were selected in order to fill temporal gaps in the Landsat image collection.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Study Area Date Study Area Date

NSA 28-Apr-94 SSA

NSA 09-May-94 SSA

NSA 25-May-94 SSA

NSA 06-Jun-94 SSA

NSA 06-Jun-94 SSA

NSA 26-Jun-94 SSA

NSA 26-Jun-94 SSA

NSA 12-Jui-94 SSA

NSA 18-Jui-94 SSA

NSA 23-Aug-94 SSA

NSA 23-Aug-94 SSA

NSA 08-Sep-94 SSA

NSA 16-Sep-94 SSA

NSA 17-Sep-94 SSA

NSA 29-Jui-95 SSA

NSA 26-Jui-96 SSA

NSA 27-Jui-96 SSA

NSA 30-Aug-96 SSA

NSA 30-Aug-96 SSA

17-Apr-94

21-Apr-94

15-May-94

06-Jun-94

06-Jun-94

21-Jui-94

24-Jui-94

21-Aug-94

23-Aug-94

13-Sep-94

16-Sep-94

16-Sep-94

05-Aug-95

05-Aug-95

09-Jui-96

09-Jui-96

09-Jui-96

30-Jui-96

30-Jui-96

Page 7
7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The SPOT satellite revisit frequency is 26 days for each path/row. During the period of

17-Apt-1994 to 30-Aug-1996, 19 images were acquired for each of the study areas. For the NSA there

are 19 images that cover a total of 15 dates, 11 dates in 1994, 1 date in 1995, and 3 dates in 1996. For

the SSA there are 19 images that cover a total of 13 dates, 10 in 1994, 1 date in 1995, and 2 dates in

1996.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The main parameter contained in the image data files is scaled at-sensor radiance. The parameters

contained in the inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

NUM BANDS

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

PATH NUM

ROW NUM

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

CRTFCN CODE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

For the image data files:

Scaled at-sensor radiance - The scaled value representing the quantized DN

derived by the TM scanning system from the radiant

energy incident on the sensor aperture at the time

of data collection in the specific TM wavelength

regions.

Page 8
Thedescriptionsof theparameterscontainedin theinventorylistingfile ontheCD-ROMare:

Column Name Description

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

NUM BANDS

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

PATH NUM

ROW NUM

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

The general term used to denote the spatial area

over which the data were collected.

The date on which the data were collected.

The starting Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for the

data collected.

The ending Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for the

data collected.

The object (e.g., satellite, aircraft, tower,

person) that supported the instrument.

The name of the device used to make the

measurements.

The number of spectral bands in the data.

The data analyst's assessment of the quality of

the spectral bands in the data.

The data analyst's assessment of the cloud cover

that exists in the data.

For Landsat and SPOT, the sequential number

given to the orbital paths trending from

northeast to southwest and extending around the

earth.

For Landsat and SPOT, the sequential number

given to the nominal scene acquisition points

along the orbital paths which trend from

northeast to southwest.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the northwest corner of the minimum bounding rectangle

for the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

northwest corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the north

east corner of the minimum bounding rectangle for

the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

north east corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the south

west corner of the minimum bounding rectangle for

the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

southwest corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate of the south

east corner of the minimum bounding rectangle for

the data.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate of the

southeast corner of the minimum bounding

rectangle for the data.

The nominal altitude of the data collection plat

form above the target.

Page 9
MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

CRTFCN CODE

The minimum angle from the surface normal

(straight up) to the sun during the data

collection.

The maximum angle from the surface normal

(straight up) to the sun during the data

collection.

The minimum azimuthal direction of the sun

during data collection expressed in clockwise

increments from North.

The maximum azimuthal direction of the sun

during data collection expressed in clockwise

increments from North.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The units for the scaled at-sensor radiance values vary by band. To obtain at-sensor radiance values

in Watts/(m2 * sr * ]am) use the formula:

At-sensor Radiance = Scaled Value * Gain + Offset

where the gain and Offset values are contained in the image leader files. The measurement units for the

parameters contained in the inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

NUM BANDS

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

PATH NUM

ROW NUM

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

SE LONGITUDE

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

CRTFCN CODE

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[HHMM GMT]

[HHMM GMT]

[none]

[none]

[counts]

[none]

[none]

[unitless]

[unitless]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[meters]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[degrees]

[none]

Page 10
7.3.4 Data Source

Thedatacontainedin thelevel-3sSPOTdatafiles comefromvariousportionsof theSPOT

satellite,theHRV instrument,andthegroundprocessingcomponents.Thelevel-3sSPOTimages

weresuppliedto theBOREASbytheCCRS.Thesourcesof theparametervaluescontainedin the

inventorylistingfile ontheCD-ROMare:

Column Name Data Source

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

PLATFORM

INSTRUMENT

NUM BANDS

BAND QUALITY

CLOUD COVER

PATH NUM

ROW NUM

NW LATITUDE

NW LONGITUDE

NE LATITUDE

NE LONGITUDE

SW LATITUDE

SW LONGITUDE

SE LATITUDE

[Determined by BORIS software from latitude and

longitude information contained on the level-3s

data files.]

[Determined by BORIS software from data and time

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Determined by BORIS software from data and time

information contained on the level-3s data files]

[Determined by BORIS software from data and time

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Determined by BORIS software from platform

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Constant software value]

[Determined by BORIS software from processing of

the data files.]

[Assessed by BORIS personnel from viewing the

image.]

[Assessed by BORIS personnel from viewing the

image ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files ]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

Page 11
SE LONGITUDE

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG

CRTFCN CODE

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Determined by BORIS software from location

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Determined by BORIS software from platform

information contained on the level-3s data

files.]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Calculated with software from latitude and

longitude and time information]

[Assigned by BORIS based on processing.]

7.3.5 Data Range

The maximum range of digital numbers in each level-3s SPOT image band is limited to the range 0

(zero) to 255 so that the values can be stored in a single 8-bit (byte) field. The following table gives

information about the parameter values found in the inventory table on the CD-ROM.

Column Name

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SPATIAL COVERAGE N/A N/A None None None None

DATE OBS 17-APR-94 30-AUG-96 None None None None

START TIME 1729 1839 None None None None

END TIME 1729 1839 None None None None

PLATFORM SPOT 2 SPOT 3 None None None None

INSTRUMENT N/A N/A None None None None

NUM BANDS 3 3 None None None None

BAND QUALITY N/A N/A None None None None

CLOUD COVER N/A N/A None None None None

PATH NUM 550 566 None None None None

ROW NUM 236 241 None None None None

NW LATITUDE 53.9705 56.30094 None None None None

NW LONGITUDE -106.42326 -97.80651 None None None None

NE LATITUDE 53.82529 56.16124 None None None None

NE LONGITUDE -105.53683 -96.75452 None None None None

SW LATITUDE 53.44538 55.791 None None None None

SW LONGITUDE -106.69194 -98.04481 None None None None

SE LATITUDE 53.31475 55.64067 None None None None

SE LONGITUDE -105.81544 -97.03178 None None None None

PLATFORM ALTITUDE 0 833914 None None None None

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG 31.2 53.7 None None None None

MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG 31.2 53.7 None None None None

MIN SOLAR AZ ANG 153.7 178.2 None None None None

MAX SOLAR AZ ANG 153.7 178.2 None None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Page 12
Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

A sample data record for the level-3s SPOT images is not available here. The following are

wrapped versions of the first few records from the level-3s SPOT inventory table on the CD-ROM:

SPATIAL COVERAGE,DATE OBS,START TIME,END TIME,PLATFORM, INSTRUMENT,NUM BANDS,

BAND QUALITY,CLOUD COVER, PATH NUM, ROW NUM, NW LATITUDE,NW LONGITUDE,NE LATITUDE,

NE LONGITUDE,SW LATITUDE,SW LONGITUDE,SE LATITUDE,SE LONGITUDE,PLATFORM ALTITUDE,

MIN SOLAR ZEN ANG,MAX SOLAR ZEN ANG,MIN SOLAR AZ ANG,MAX SOLAR AZ ANG,CRTFCN CODE

'SSA',I7-APR-94,1800,1800, 'SPOT 2', 'HRV-2',3, 'NOT ASSESSED', 'NOT ASSESSED',

553,241,54.1706,-105.51248,54.04471,-104.44787,53.64516,-105.72139,53.52115,

-i04.66936,822145.0,44.8,44.8,160.5,160.5, 'CPI'

'SSA',21-APR-94,1824,1824, 'SPOT 2', 'HRV-2',3, 'NOT ASSESSED', 'NOT ASSESSED',550,

24__54._26_2_-__6.42326_53.98357_-__5.53683_53.6__36_-__6.69_94_53.46976_-__5.8_5

44,822145.0,42.6,42.6,167.2,167.2, 'CPI'

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data for level-3s SPOT imagery is a full SPOT scene.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The CD-ROM inventory listing file consists of numerical and character fields of varying length

separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed within single apostrophe marks. There are no

spaces between the fields.

The level-3s SPOT imagery from CCRS is stored in either a band sequential (BSQ) or a band

interleaved by line (BIL) form. General information on these two formats is provided in the

subsequent sections. Detailed information on these formats can be obtained from the CCRS document,

Standard SPOT MLA/PLA Format, referenced in Section 17.1.

Page 13
8.2.1 Band Sequential Format

The files associated with a BSQ SPOT scene are as follows:

File 1 volume directory

File 2 leader file band 1

File 3 SPOT band 1

File 4 trailer file band 1

File 5 leader file band 2

File 6 SPOT band 2

File 7 trailer file band 2

File 8 leader file band 2

File 9 SPOT band 3

File i0 trailer file band 2

File ii null volume file

If there are multiple scenes on a tape, the next scene would occupy files 12-22, 11 files exactly as

above. Up to five SPOT scenes (55 files) are contained on one 8-mm tape. There are multiple-volume

directory files on one tape media because the 8-mm tapes were generated by copying the original

9-track tapes, and each of the 9-track tapes had its own volume directory. Each image file in BSQ

format contains data for one spectral band.

8.2.1.1 BSQ Leader Files

• File descriptor record

• Scene header record

• Map projection (scene-related) ancillary record

• Type 1 radiometric transformation ancillary record

• Type 2 radiometric transformation ancillary record

All leader files contain fixed-length records 6,120 bytes in length and contain both ASCII and binary

data. For specific details, see the CCRS documentation referenced in Section 17.1.

8.2.1.2 BSQ Imagery File

The BSQ image files have 3,001 records, with each record containing 4,500 bytes. The first record

in this file is a header record, followed by 3,000 image records.

The contents of the Scene Header record are specified by Landsat Ground Station Operations

Working Group (LGSOWG) Technical Working Group (LTWG) standards and contain information

relating to the mission, sensor parameters, processing options, and geometric parameters for the

sensor.

Each image record contains 32 bytes of prefix data, 4,320 bytes of image data, and 36 bytes of

suffix data. Image data consist of digital numbers and O's as fillers. The record size is 4,500 bytes.

Although the width of the image is nominally 3,000 pixels, the number of pixels in the image grows

proportionally with the view angle. All 4,500 pixels were included because none of the parameters in

any of the header records seemed to be reliable for determining how many nonzero pixels there were in

a particular record.

Each image is oriented so that pixel 1, line 1 is in the upper left-hand comer (i.e., northwest) of the

screen display. Pixels and lines progress left to right and top to bottom so that pixel n, line n is in the

lower right-hand comer.

8.2.1.3 BSQ Trailer File

The trailer file contains information associated with the image data not always available before

writing the image data, such as data and recording quality and data summaries. Each trailer file

contains a file descriptor record and trailer records for all bands of imagery in the associated imagery

file. All trailer files contain fixed-length records 4,320 bytes in length and contain both ASCII and

binary data.

Page 14
8.2.2 Band Interleaved by Line Format

The files associated with a BIL SPOT scene are as follows:

File 1 volume directory

File 2 leader file bands 1-3

File 3 SPOT bands 1-3

File 4 trailer

File 5 null volume file

If there are multiple scenes on a tape, the next scene would occupy files 6-10, five files exactly as

above. Up to four TM scenes (20 files) are contained on one 8-ram tape. There are multiple volume

directory files on one tape media because the 8-ram tapes were generated from copying the original

9-track tapes, and each of the 9-track tapes had its own volume directory. The image files in BIL

format contain image data for all three spectral bands.

8.2.2.1 BIL Leader Files

A detailed description may be found in the SPOT Standard CCT Format document from SPOT

Image Corporation.

Record i: Header File descriptor 3960 bytes

Record 2: Header 3960 bytes

Record 3: Ancillary Ephemeris/Attitude 3960 bytes

Record 4-21: Ancillary Radiometric/Calibration 3960 bytes

Record 22-24: Ancillary Histogram 3960 bytes

Record 25: Ancillary Map projection 3960 bytes

Record 26: GCP/RCP 3960 bytes

Record 27: Annotation 3960 bytes

8.2.2.2 BIL Imagery File

The BIL image files are contained in a single file of 9,000 5,400-byte records.

Each image is oriented so that pixel 1, line 1 is in the upper left-hand comer (i.e., northwest) of the

screen display. Pixels and lines progress left to right and top to bottom so that pixel n, line n is in the

lower right-hand comer.

8.2.2.3 BIL Trailer File

The trailer file contains information associated with the image data not always available before

writing the image data, such as data and recording quality and data summaries. Each trailer file

contains a file descriptor record and trailer records for all bands of imagery in the associated imagery

file. All trailer files contain fixed length records 4,320 bytes in length and contain both ASCII and

binary data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

None.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Not applicable.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

The SPOT data are included in BORIS only as a supplement to the Landsat TM data. Therefore,

the SPOT images were not processed beyond level-3s.

Page 15
9.2.1 Processing Steps

BORISStaffprocessesalevel-3sSPOTimageby:

• Extractingpertinentheaderinformationfrom thelevel-3simageproductandwritingit to adisk

file.

• Readingtheinformationin thediskfile andloadingthedatabasewithneededinformation.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Errors could arise in the acquired imagery from location inaccuracy, distortion of lengths,

anisomorphism, the instrument's local coherence, multispectral registrability, and relief plotting

inaccuracy. Other errors could arise from inherent radiometric imperfections of the sensors.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Whatever the processing level, the geometric quality of the image depends on the accuracy of the

viewing geometry. Spectral errors could arise from image-wide signal-to-noise ratio, saturation,

cross-talk, spikes, response normalization caused by a change in gain.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

Assessment of accuracy of the absolute radiometric constants is difficult. The uncertainties in

prelaunch and postlaunch updates of the absolute calibration constants are nominally specified to be

less than 10%. A root mean square (rms) summing of known errors in the prelaunch calibration

suggests that this may be a reasonable estimate of overall uncertainty in the prelaunch calibration.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

Not available at this revision.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

Images are screened for level of cloud cover before BORIS processing.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

BORIS staff used developed software to extract information for logging the data into a relational

data base. The software also read through the records of the files checking for proper record sizes. A

subset of the images was unpacked and displayed for visual review. None of the displayed images

showed any notable abnormalities.

Page 16
11.1 Limitations of the Data

None.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

11. Notes

12. Application of the Data Set

The SPOT images should be useful for anyone interested in high spatial resolution imagery over the

entire NSA or SSA in between the Landsat TM acquisitions.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

BORIS staff developed software and command procedures to:

• Extract header information from level-3s SPOT images on tape and write to ASCII files on

disk.

• Read the ASCII disk file and log the level-3 SPOT image products into the Oracle data base

tables.

• Convert coordinates in the leader file(s) between the geographic systems of (latitude,

longitude), UTM (northing, easting), and BOREAS (x,y) grid locations.

The software mentioned under items 1 and 2 is written in the C language and is operational on VAX

6410 and MicroVAX 3100 systems at GSFC. The primary dependencies in the software are the tape

input/output (I/O) library and the Oracle data base utility routines.

The geographic coordinate conversion utility (BOR_CORD) has been tested and used on

Macintosh, IBM PC, VAX, Silicon Graphics, and Sun workstations.

14.2 Software Access

All of the described software is available upon request. BORIS staff would appreciate knowing of

any problems discovered with the software, but cannot promise to fix them.

Page 17
15. Data Access

The SPOT level-3s data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System

(EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Although the BOREAS level-3s SPOT images are being held in a public archive, copyright

restrictions limit the distribution and use of the data. The BOREAS CD-ROM series is publicly

available and contains some of the level-3a Landsat TM images. However, other Landsat TM and

SPOT image products in the collection are available only to official BOREAS project personnel. Please

contact the ORNL DAAC User Services office to get the most recent information.

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

The SPOT level-3s data can be made available on 8-ram, Digital Archive Tape (DAT), or 9-track

tapes at 1600 or 6250 Bytes Per Inch (BPI).

Although the BOREAS level-3s SPOT images are being held in a public archive, copyright

restrictions limit the distribution and use of the data. Users interested in high spatial resolution image

data will find that the BOREAS CD-ROM series is publicly available and contains some level-3a

Landsat TM images. Other Landsat TM and SPOT image products in the collection are available only

to official BOREAS project personnel. Please contact the ORNL DAAC User Services office (see

Section 15.4) to get the most recent information.

16.2 Film Products

None.

Page 18
16.3 Other Products

Although the inventory is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual level-3s SPOT

images are not. See Section 15 for information about how to obtain the data.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

The SPOT Standard CCT Format. 1989. Document: SI/AT/85.0113 Version: 1.1 Revision 4, SPOT

Image Corporation. Reston, VA.

Standard SPOT MLA/PLA CCT Format. Technical Memorandum No. DMD-TM-85-428A, 1985.

Digital Methods Division Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Asrar, G., R. Murphy, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. 1991. Use of multitemporal SPOT data in First

ISLSCP Field Experiment. Proc. 5th Intl. Colloquium. Courchevel, France, 14-18 January.

Begni, G. 1982. Selection of the optimum spectral bands for the SPOT satellite. Photogr. Engr. and

Rem. Sen. 48:1613-1620.

Boissin, B. and J. Perbos. 1985. SPOT image quality and post launch assessment. Advanced Space

Res. 5:51-60.

Byrne, G.F., P.F. Crapper, and K.K. Mayo. 1980. Monitoring land-cover change by principal

component analysis of multitemporal Landsat data. Remote Sens. Environ. 10:175-184.

Carper, J.W., T.M. Lillesand, and R.W. Kiefer. 1990. The use of intensity-hue-saturation

transformations for merging SPOT panchromatic and multispectral image data. Photogr. Engr. and

Rem. Sen. 56:459-467.

Chavez, P.C., S.C. Guptill, and J.A. Bowell. 1984. Image processing techniques for Thematic

Mapper data. Technical Papers. 50th Annual Meeting of the Amer. Soc. of Photogr. 2:728-743.

Chavez, P.S., Jr., and J.A. Bowell. 1988. Comparison of the spectral information content of Landsat

Thematic Mapper and SPOT for three different sites in the Phoenix, Arizona. Region. Photogr. Engr.

and Rem. Sen. 54:1699-1708.

Chevrel, M., M. Courtois, and G. Weill. 1981. The SPOT satellite remote sensing mission. Photogr.

Engr. and Rein. Sens. 47:1163-1171.

Cliche, G., F. Bonn, and P. Teillet. 1985. Integration of the SPOT panchromatic channel into its

multispectral mode for image sharpness enhancement. Photogr. Engr. and Rem. Sen. 51:311-316.

Dinguirard, M., R.D. Jackson, and P.N. Slater. 1986. Absolute calibration of the SPOT-1 HRV

cameras. SPIE Proc. vol. 60.

Friedel, J. 1992. System description of the Geocoded Image Correction System. Report

GC-MA-50-3915, MacDonald Detwiller Associates, Richmond, B.C.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Page 19
Rodriguez,V., P.Gigord,A.C. deGaujac,andP.Munier. 1988.Evaluationof thestereoscopic

accuracyof theSPOTsatellite.Photogr.Engr.andRem.Sen.54:217-221.

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1994.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1994-3.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 94).

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1996-2.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1994

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC94).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.RansomD. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Welch,R. 1985.Cartographicproductsof SPOTimagedata.Photogr.Engr.andRem.Sen.

51:1085-1091.

Welch,R. andM. Ehlers.1987.MergingmultiresolutionSPOTHRV andLandsatTM data.Photogr.

Engr.andRem.Sen.53:301-305.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

ASCII

BIL

BOREAS

BORIS

BPI

BSQ

CCD

CCRS

CCT

CD-ROM

CNES

DAAC

DAT

18. Glossary of Terms

19. List of Acronyms

- American Standard Code for Information

- Band Interleaved by Lines

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Bytes Per Inch

- Band Sequential

- Charge-Coupled Device

- Canada for Remote Sensing

- Computer Compatible Tape

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Digital Archive Tape

Interchange

Page 20
EOS

EOSDIS

FPAA

GICS

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HRV

I/O

IFOV

LAI

LGSOWG

LTWG

MSS

NAD27

NAD83

NASA

NSA

ORNL

PANP

RMS

RSI

SPOT

SSA

TIPS

TM

URL

UTM

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Fraction of Photosynthetically Active

- Geocoded Image Correction System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- High-Resolution Visible

- Input/Output

- Instantaneous Field-of-View

- Leaf Area Index

- Landsat Ground Station Operations Working

- LGSOWG Technical Working Group

- Multispectral Scanner

- North American Datum of 1927

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Root-Mean-Square

- Radarsat International

- Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre

- Southern Study Area

- Thematic Mapper Image Processing System

- Thematic Mapper

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Universal Transverse Mercator

Radiation

Group

Administration

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 12-Apr- 1995

Last Updated: 29-Nov- 1999

20.2 Document Review Dates

BORIS Review: 17-Mar-1998

Science Review: 10-Apr- 1998

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

The SPOT level-3s images were acquired by CCRS and processed by RSI under an agreement

with CCRS.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

BOREAS Staff Science, "BOREAS Staff Science Satellite Data Acquisition Program." In Collected

Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S.

Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T.

Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Page 21
Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 22
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

September 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS Level-3s SPOT hnagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in

LGSOWG Format 923

6. AUTHOR(S) RTOP: 923-462-33-01

Richard Strub, Jaime Nickeson, Jeffrey A. Newcomer, and Josef Cihlar

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 100

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

R. Strub, J. Nickeson, and J.A. Newcomer: Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland; J. Cihlar: Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

For BOREAS, the level-3s SPOT data, along with the other remotely sensed images, were collected

in order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information

includes radiant energy, detailed land cover, and biophysical parameter maps such as FPAR and LAI.

The SPOT images acquired for the BOREAS project were selected primarily to fill temporal gaps in

the Landsat TM image data collection. CCRS collected and supplied the level-3s images to BORIS

for use in the remote sensing research activities. Spatially, the level-3s images cover 60- by 60-km

portions of the BOREAS NSA and SSA. Temporally, the images cover the period of 17-Apr-1994 to

30-Aug-1996. The images are available in binary image format files. Due to copyright issues, the

SPOT images may not be publicly available.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, remote sensing science, SPOT data.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

22

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102