1105.1-1 

(Adopted November 7, 2003)

RULE 1105.1 REDUCTION OF PM10 AND AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM 

FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNITS

(a) Purpose 

 The purpose of this rule is to reduce emissions of PM10 and ammonia from fluid 

catalytic cracking units. 

(b) Applicability 

 This rule applies to all existing, new or modified fluid catalytic cracking units at 

petroleum refineries. 

(c) Definitions 

 For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply: 

 (1) AMMONIA SLIP is the amount of unreacted ammonia emitted from a 

control equipment such as electrostatic precipitator, selective catalytic 

reduction, or selective non-catalytic reduction process, as collected and 

measured pursuant to the applicable reference test method listed in 

subdivision (f). 

 (2) CONDENSABLE PM10 is the PM10 collected in the impingers of the 

applicable reference test method listed in subdivision (f). 

 (3) CONTACT MATERIAL is any substance formulated to remove metals, 

sulfur, nitrogen, or any other contaminants from petroleum derivatives. 

 (4) FILTERABLE PM10 is the PM10 collected on the cyclone exit, probe, and 

filter(s) of the applicable reference test method(s) listed in subdivision (f). 

 (5) FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT (FCCU) is a process unit in 

which petroleum derivative feedstock is charged and fractured into 

smaller molecules in the presence of a catalyst; or reacts with a contact 

material to improve feedstock quality for additional processing; and the 

catalyst or contact material is regenerated by burning off coke and other 

deposits. The unit includes, but is not limited to, the riser, reactor, 

regenerator, air blowers, spent catalyst, and all equipment for controlling 

air pollutant emissions and recovering heat. 

 (6) FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT REGENERATOR is the 

portion of the fluid catalytic cracking unit in which coke burn-off and 
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1105.1-2 

catalyst regeneration occurs, and includes the regenerator combustion air 

blower(s). 

 (7) FRESH FEED is any petroleum derivative feedstock stream charged 

directly into the riser or reactor of a FCCU except for petroleum 

derivatives recycled within the FCCU. 

 (8) PETROLEUM REFINERY is any facility engaged in producing gasoline, 

kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other 

products through fractionation or straight distillation of crude oil, 

redistillation of unfinished petroleum derivatives, cracking or other 

processes, as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual as 

Industry No. 2911, Petroleum Refining. 

 (9) SHUT-DOWN is a period which begins when fresh feed is pulled from 

the FCCU reactor and ends when the main blower for catalyst 

recirculation is shutdown. 

 (10) START-UP is a period not to exceed one hundred twenty (120) hours 

which begins with the startup of the main blower for introduction of 

catalyst and ends when fresh feed is introduced to the FCCU reactor and 

the process reaches steady state 

(d) Emission Limits 

 (1) The operator shall not operate the FCCU unless, by December 31, 2006, 

the operator complies with one of the PM10 emission limits that the 

operator has elected, and the ammonia slip limit shown below; and has 

demonstrated to the Executive Officer that the PM10 and ammonia 

emissions from the FCCU to the atmosphere, determined by the test 

methods listed in subdivision (f), are equal to or less than one of the 

following elected PM10 emission limits and ammonia limit: 

 (A) Filterable PM10

 (i) 3.6 pounds per hour, or 

 (ii) 0.005 grain per dry standard cubic foot of flue gas 

corrected to 3% O2 dry, or 

 (iii) 2.8 pounds per thousand barrels of fresh feed. 

 (B) Ammonia slip - 10 ppmv corrected to 3% O2 dry, averaged over 

60 consecutive minutes. 

 (2) The operator may request an extension of the compliance date specified in 

paragraph (d)(1) up to December 31, 2008 for the purpose of 
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1105.1-3 

synchronizing the installation of the PM10 control equipment with the 

FCCU turnaround provided that the operator submits a request in writing 

to the Executive Officer no later than July 1, 2006 and receives a written 

approval from the Executive Officer by December 31, 2006. For an 

FCCU turnaround starting before December 31, 2008 that cannot be 

completed by that date, the Executive Officer may approve an additional 

extension of the compliance date up to ninety (90) days after start-up of 

the FCCU for the operator to conduct performance testing for the required 

demonstration, so long as the FCCU operates with all necessary control 

equipment to meet the emission limits in paragraph (d)(1). 

 (3) The operator shall submit a permit application to include one or more 

selected emission limit(s) to comply with subparagraph (d)(1)(A) at least 

thirty (30) calendar days prior to the compliance date. The operator shall 

also conduct a performance test pursuant to paragraph (e)(1) to 

demonstrate compliance with the selected emission limit(s). The emission 

limit(s) selected shall be specified in the permit. The operator may 

change the selected emission limit(s) at any time provided that the 

operator has submitted an application for permit revision, conducted a 

performance test to demonstrate compliance, and received a revised 

Permit to Operate from the Executive Officer. 

 (4) If the operator does not make a selection pursuant to paragraph (d)(3), the 

operator shall be deemed to have selected the emission limit of 3.6 pounds 

per hour. 

(e) Monitoring, Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements 

 (1) Performance Testing 

 (A) If the operator constructs a new FCCU or modifies the FCCU to 

meet the emission limit(s) specified in paragraph (d)(1), the 

operator shall conduct a performance source test for PM10 and 

ammonia in accordance with the applicable source test methods 

listed in subdivision (f) and subparagraph (e)(1)(D) no later than 

180 calendar days after initial start-up of the equipment not to 

exceed the applicable time limits specified in paragraph (d)(1) or 

paragraph (d)(2). 

 (B) The operator with an existing FCCU that already meets the 

emission limit(s) specified in paragraph (d)(1) shall conduct a 
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1105.1-4 

performance source test by July 1, 2006 to demonstrate 

compliance with the selected emission limit(s) in accordance with 

the applicable source test methods listed in subdivision (f) and 

subparagraph (e)(1)(D). 

 (C) The operator shall submit a source test protocol to the Executive 

Officer no later than sixty (60) calendar days before the proposed 

test date for the Executive Officer's approval. The operator shall 

include in the test protocol, at a minimum, the following 

information: the selected PM10 emission limit(s) to be complied 

with set forth in paragraph (d)(1), the selected operating 

parameters to be monitored for the control equipment to ensure 

compliance with the emission limit(s), the operating conditions of 

the FCCU, the identity of the testing lab, a statement from the 

testing lab certifying that it meets the criteria of Rule 304, and a 

description of all sampling and analytical procedures. 

 (D) The operator shall conduct the performance source test for PM10

emissions using SCAQMD Source Test Method 5.2 modified as 

in subparagraph (f)(1)(F) to determine the filterable PM10

emissions and the condensable PM10 emissions. The operator 

shall recover the PM captured in the cyclone and report the data 

for informational purposes only. The operator may elect to 

conduct a performance source test for PM emissions using 

SCAQMD Source Test Method 5.2, simultaneous with the 

performance source test for PM10 emissions to determine the ratio 

of filterable PM10 emissions to filterable PM emissions. Subject 

to the approval of the Executive Officer following an evaluation 

of a performace source test report, the operator may conduct 

subsequent annual compliance source tests for PM10 emissions 

using SCAQMD Source Test Method 5.2 and the above 

determined ratio. The operator shall conduct a performance 

source test for ammonia emissions concurrently with the 

performance source test for PM10 emissions. 

 (E) During the performance source test, the operator shall establish 

the operating levels for each parameter of the control equipment 

to be monitored pursuant to paragraph (e)(3). The operator shall 

monitor and record, at a minimum, all operating data for each 
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1105.1-5 

parameter, fresh feed rate, and flue gas flow rate and submit this 

data with the test report. 

 (F) The operator shall submit a complete test report to the Executive 

Officer no later than sixty (60) calendar days after completion of 

the source test. 

 (2) Compliance Testing 

 (A) The operator of any FCCU shall conduct, at a minimum, an 

annual compliance source test for PM10 and ammonia emissions 

in accordance with the test methods listed in subdivision (f) to 

demonstrate compliance with the selected emission limit(s) in 

subdivision (d). The operator shall conduct the compliance 

source tests for PM10 emissions concurrently with the compliance 

source test for ammonia emissions. 

 (B) During the annual compliance source test, the operator shall 

monitor and record, at a minimum, all operating data for the 

selected operating parameters of the FCCU control equipment, 

fresh feed rate and flue gas flow rate and submit this data with the 

test report. 

 (C) The operator shall conduct annual compliance source test(s) to 

determine the filterable and condensable PM10 emissions using 

SCAQMD Source Test Method 5.2 modified as in subparagraph 

(f)(1)(F). The operator may use SCAQMD Source Test Method 

5.2 to determine the filterable PM emissions and estimate the 

filterable PM10 emissions using the ratio determined in the 

performance source test conducted pursuant to paragraph (e)(1). 

 (D) The operator shall conduct the first annual compliance source test 

in accordance with the approved source test protocol within sixty 

(60) calendar days after the compliance date specified in 

subdivision (d). For the first annual compliance source test, the 

operator shall submit a source test protocol to the Executive 

Officer no later than sixty (60) calendar days prior to the proposed 

test date for the Executive Officer's approval. The operator shall 

include in the test protocol the same information as required in 

subparagraph (e)(1)(C). The operator may use the performance 

source test as the first annual compliance source test if the 

performance source test is conducted within 180 calendar days 
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1105.1-6 

from the compliance date specified in subdivision (d). The 

operator need not submit a source test protocol for a subsequent 

annual compliance source test if the subsequent annual 

compliance source test will be conducted using the previously 

approved protocol. 

 (E) The operator shall conduct subsequent annual source tests within 

twelve (12) calendar months but no sooner than nine (9) calendar 

months from the date of completion of the previous annual source 

test. 

 (F) The operator shall submit a complete test report for any annual 

source test to the Executive Officer no later than sixty (60) 

calendar days of completion of the source test. 

 (G) Subject to the Executive Officer's approval, the operator may 

synchronize the timing of testing and submitting the test report 

required under subparagraphs (e)(2)(D) and (e)(2)(F) with the 

Relative Accuracy Test Audit (RATA) required under Rule 2011, 

Requirements for Monitoring, Reporting, and Recordkeeping for 

Oxides of Sulfur (SOx) Emissions, and Rule 2012, Requirements 

for Monitoring, Reporting, and Recordkeeping for Oxides of 

Nitrogen (NOx) Emissions, of Regional Clean Air Incentives 

Market (RECLAIM) program. 

 (3) Monitoring 

 (A) No later than May 7, 2004, the operator shall submit a plan, for 

Executive Officer approval, specifying the operating parameters 

to be monitored, the range of operating levels of each proposed 

parameter, and the frequency of monitoring and recording, for the 

control equipment of the FCCU installed and operated before 

November 7, 2003. 

 (B) With the application for permit to construct or modify the FCCU, 

the operator shall submit a plan, for Executive Officer approval, 

specifying the operating parameters to be monitored, the range of 

operating levels of each proposed parameter, and the frequency of 

monitoring and recording, for the control equipment of the FCCU 

constructed or modified after November 7, 2003. 

 (C) The operator shall select the operating parameters and frequency 

of monitoring and recording specified in Attachment A, or as an 
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1105.1-7 

alternative, the operator may propose other appropriate substitute 

parameters and frequencies for Executive Officer approval. 

 (D) The operator shall not be required to comply with the monitoring 

or recording requirements during a malfunction period or a 

planned routine maintenance period of the monitoring or 

recording device provided that: 

 (i) The malfunction period or the planned routine 

maintenance period of the monitoring or recording device 

does not exceed ninety-six (96) consecutive hours; 

 (ii) The monitoring or recording device has been either 

shutdown for a planned routine maintenance and the 

operator has provided a written notification to the 

Executive Officer at least two calendar weeks in advance; 

or by a mechanical or electrical failure or fire caused by 

circumstances beyond the operator's control; and 

 (iii) The operator has submitted a report to the Executive 

Officer within ninety-six (96) hours after the monitoring 

or recording device(s) returns to normal operation. Such 

written notification and report shall include information 

as prescribed by the Executive Officer including at a 

minimum the cause of the shutdown, the time the 

monitoring or recording device(s) became nonoperational, the time or estimated time the monitoring or 

recording device(s) returned to normal operation, the 

maintenance performed or corrective and preventive 

actions taken to prevent future non-operational conditions 

 (4) Reporting 

 The operator shall report filterable PM10, condensable PM10 and ammonia 

emissions measured according to the test method specified under 

subdivision (f) on an annual basis pursuant to paragraph (e)(2). 

 (5) Recordkeeping 

 The operator shall maintain all information required to demonstrate 

compliance in a manner approved by the Executive Officer for a period of 

at least five years and made available to the Executive Officer upon 

request. 
Rule 1105.1 (Cont.) (Adopted November 7, 2003) 

1105.1-8 

(f) Source Test Methods and Calculation 

 (1) The operator shall use the following source test methods, as applicable, to 

determine the PM10 and ammonia emission rates. All source test methods 

referenced below shall be the most recent version issued by the respective 

organization. 

 (A) SCAQMD Source Test Method 1 – Velocity and Sample Traverse 

Points; 

 (B) SCAQMD Source Test Method 2 – Stack Gas Flow Rate; 

 (C) SCAQMD Source Test Method 3 – Stack Gas Density; 

 (D) SCAQMD Source Test Method 4 – Stack Gas Moisture; 

 (E) SCAQMD Source Test Method 5.2 - Determination of Particulate 

Matter Emissions from Stationary Sources Using Heated Probe 

and Filter; 

 (F) SCAQMD Source Test Method 5.2 modified to use an in-stack 

PM10 cut cyclone and operated at a constant sampling rate to 

sample PM10, as specified in U.S. EPA Source Test Method 201A 

- Determination of PM10 Emissions - Constant Sampling Rate 

Procedures, 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix M. Analyses and 

calculations shall be performed according to SCAQMD Source 

Test Method 5.2, including those for the determination of the 

condensable PM10 portion; 

 (G) SCAQMD Source Test Method 207-1 - Determination of 

Ammonia Emissions from Stationary Sources; 

 (H) SCAQMD Source Test Method 10.1 - Carbon Monoxide, Carbon 

Dioxide and Oxygen; and 

 (I) SCAQMD Source Test Method 100.1 - Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur 

Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, and Oxygen.

 (J) EPA Source Test Method 5 may be used in lieu of SCAQMD 

Method 5.2 modified. 

 (2) Source tests for PM and PM10 shall be taken and the average of the 

samples shall be used to determine the applicable emission rate in 

accordance with the following requirements: 

 (A) Simultaneous duplicate samples shall be obtained unless the 

operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Executive Officer 

that it is not physically feasible to do so, in which case the 
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1105.1-9 

operator shall take sequential triplicate samples; 

 (B) All samples must have minimum sampling volume of 120 cubic 

feet or a minimum filterable PM and PM10 catch of 6 milligrams 

per sample shall be collected; 

 (C) For duplicate samples, the source test shall be deemed invalid if 

the difference between the two samples is greater than 35% of the 

average of the two samples in the applicable units specified in 

subparagraph (d)(1)(A) and if the difference between the 

filterable sample catches normalized to the average sampling 

volume is greater than 3.5 milligrams. If the source test is 

deemed invalid, the test shall be repeated; and 

 (D) For triplicate samples, if the operator can demonstrate to the 

satisfaction of the Executive Officer that the process conditions, 

including but not limited to the throughput, the quantity, type, and 

quality of all feedstock to the FCCU, and the emission control 

equipment conditions have not changed throughout the sequential 

test period, then the operator may apply the Dixon outlier test at 

the 95% significance level to check for and discard one outlier, 

and shall use the average of the two remaining samples to 

determine filterable PM and PM10 emissions. 

 (3) The operator may use alternative or equivalent source test methods, as 

defined in U.S. EPA 40 CFR 60.2, if they are approved in writing by the 

Executive Officer, the California Air Resources Board, and the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. 

 (4) The operator shall use a test lab approved under the SCAQMD Laboratory 

Approval Program for the source test methods cited in paragraph (f)(1) if 

such approved lab exists. If there is no approved lab, then approval shall 

be granted by the Executive Officer on a case-by-case basis. 

 (5) Any particulate emissions from existing CO boilers located downstream 

of existing electrostatic precipitators, existing as of November 7, 2003, 

may be excluded for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with the 

PM10 limit of paragraph (d)(1). 

(g) Exemptions 

 (1) The operator shall not be required to comply with the emission limits 

specified under paragraph (d)(1) during planned startup and shutdown 
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1105.1-10 

periods related to the FCCU process turnaround provided that the operator 

utilizes the control equipment during these periods to the maximum extent 

possible, as demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Executive Officer, to 

minimize the PM10 emissions including drying, energizing the 

electrostatic precipitators, and using the electrostatic precipitators prior to 

filling the FCCU regenerator with catalyst, if applicable and considering 

the safe operation of the equipment. Each startup or shutdown period 

shall not exceed one hundred twenty (120) hours. The operator shall 

provide written notification to the Executive Officer at least two calendar 

weeks in advance of the beginning of the startup and shutdown period. 

 (2) The operator of control equipment designed and installed prior to 

November 7, 2003 meeting the emission limits specified under paragraph 

(d)(1) shall not be required to comply with the emission limits under 

paragraph (d)(1) during routine maintenance periods of the electrostatic 

precipitators provided that the maintenance period does not occur more 

than once per any twelve month consecutive period for a duration of not 

more than ten (10) consecutive days. The operator shall provide written 

notification to the Executive Officer at least two calendar weeks in 

advance of the maintenance period. The operator may extend the routine 

maintenance period to more than ten (10) consecutive days provided that 

the operator pays a mitigation fee of $8,800 per day for each day in excess 

of ten (10) days. The mitigation fee shall be submitted within ninety (90) 

calendar days after the end of the routine maintenance period. 

(h) Alternative Compliance Provision 

 In lieu of complying with the PM10 emission limit in clause (d)(1)(A)(ii), the 

operator may comply with the emission rate of 0.006 grain per dry standard cubic 

foot of flue gas, corrected to 3% O2 dry, provided that the operator has a 

compliance plan approved by the Executive Officer that demonstrates equivalent 

PM10 emission reductions commencing December 31, 2006 through the use of 

alternative compliance method(s). The operator shall submit a complete 

compliance plan by June 15, 2004. Equivalent PM10 emission reductions 

between 0.006 grain/dscf and 0.005 grain/dscf shall be determined as follows. 

 Epm10 = (0.006 - 0.005 grain/dscf)(F)(CFpm10) 
Rule 1105.1 (Cont.) (Adopted November 7, 2003) 

1105.1-11 

 where: 

 Epm10 = Equivalent PM10 emission reductions per year between 0.006 

grain/dscf and 0.005 grain/dscf, tons/yr; 

 F = Maximum design exhaust flue gas flow rate, dscfm; and 

 CFpm10 = Conversion factor from grains per minute to tons per year = 

0.038. 

 The Executive Officer shall approve or deny the compliance plan, or any 

amendments to the compliance plan, within 180 calendar days from the date the 

plan is deemed complete. The operator shall, at a minimum, submit a compliance 

plan that includes: 

 (A) A precise description of the alternative compliance method(s), 

including but not limited to, a listing of equipment that are the 

source of PM10 emissions, operation schedule and modes of 

operation of such equipment, control techniques for PM10

emissions, documents to support the control efficiency used in the 

plan, a quantification of emission reductions from each of the 

alternative compliance method(s), and date when such reductions 

are to be achieved; 

 (B) A demonstration that the emission reductions are surplus, 

enforceable, real, and sustainable. Surplus means that the 

emission reductions are not required by the control options 

identified in the most recent Air Quality Management Plan 

approved by the District Governing Board, and are not used by 

the operator to meet any other regulatory requirements. 

Enforceable means that the alternative compliance method(s) to 

achieve emission reductions can be verified by the Executive 

Officer. Real and sustainable means that the emission reductions 

can be measured by appropriate source test methods approved by 

the District, CARB and U.S. EPA, and sustainable during the 

implementation time frame of the alternative compliance 

method(s) as specified in the compliance plan; 

 (C) A demonstration that at least 50% of the required equivalent PM10
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1105.1-12 

emission reductions are obtained within five (5) kilometers from 

the outer boundaries of the facility; and 

 (D) A demonstration that the overall PM10 emission reductions 

provided by the alternative compliance method(s) are comprised 

of at least an 80% emission reduction in PM2.5. 
Rule 1105.1 (Cont.) (Adopted November 7, 2003) 

1105.1-13 

Attachment A 

Operating Parameters and Frequency of Monitoring and Recording 1

Operating Parameters Monitoring 

Frequency 

Recording 

Frequency 

Dry (or Wet) Electrostatic Precipitators 

Flue gas inlet temperature to ESP Continuously 2 Hourly 3

Flue gas flow rate Continuously 2 Hourly 3

Voltage and current across ESP (or total 

power input) 

Continuously 2 Hourly 3

Ammonia injection rate Continuously 2 Hourly 3

Wet Scrubbers (or Wet Electrostatic 

Precipitators) 

Flue gas flow rate Continuously 2 Hourly 3

Type of scrubbing liquid and average pH Daily 4 Daily 4

Scrubbing liquid flow rate Continuously 2 Hourly 3

SO2 Reducing Catalyst Additives 

Type of SO2 reducing catalyst Once and when 

change occurs 

Once and when 

change occurs 

Addition rate of SO2 reducing catalyst Daily 4 Daily 4

Pickup factor (i.e. lbs SO2 reduced per lbs 

of additives) 

Once and when 

change occurs 

Once and when 

change occurs 

Baghouses 

Flue gas flow rate Continuously 2 Hourly 3

Pressure drop Continuously 2 Hourly 3

Flue gas inlet temperature Continuously 2 Hourly 3

Note: 

1. Monitoring and recording as shown in this attachment shall not be required during periods of routine 

maintenance and malfunction of monitoring and recording devices. 

2. "Continuously Monitoring" means monitoring at least once every 15 minutes. 

3. "Hourly Recording" means recording at least one measurement every hour. 

4. "Daily Monitoring" and "Daily Recording" means monitoring and recording at least one 

measurement every day.