CARGO TANK 

MOTOR VEHICLE 

(CTMV)

LOADING/UNLOADING 

OPERATIONS:

Recommended Best 

Practices Guide
 

This recommended best practices guide prepared 

by DOT’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 

Administration (PHMSA), with input from the 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration 

and the Environmental Protection Agency, is 

for informational use only and may be used 

as a supplement to, not to be considered as, 

applicable regulations. The applicable Hazardous 

Materials Regulations (HMR), 49 CFR Parts 171-

180, are available from the Government Printing 

Office or may be accessed through our website 

at http://hazmat.dot.gov. This Guide is a 

companion document to the Cargo Tank Motor 

Vehicle (CTMV) Loading/Unloading Operations 

Recommended Best Practices Pocket Guide.

Need help?

Call our Hazardous Materials Information Center at 

800-467-4922 between the hours of 9:00 AM and 5:00 

PM EST, Monday through Friday except Federal holidays

NOTE
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. BACKGROUND 

2. RECOMMENDED 

BEST PRACTICES

A. TRAINING

B. OPERATING PROCEDURES 

ҋ Risk Assessment of 

Operation

ҋ Implementing Operating 

Procedures

÷Pre-loading/-unloading

÷Loading/unloading

÷Emergency 

management 

÷Post-loading/-unloading 

÷Design, maintenance, 

and testing of transfer 

equipment 

÷Facility oversight of 

carrier personnel

ҋ Recordkeeping

1-4

5-12

5

7

7

8

8

10

11

11

12

12

12
TABLE OF CONTENTS

13-18

14

14

15

15

15

16

16

17

17

19-36

19

19

19

21

21

3. REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS

A. TRAINING AND EVALUATION 

B. RISK ASSESSMENT 

C. EMERGENCY RESPONSE 

D. OPERATING PROCEDURES 

ҋ Transfer Equipment 

Connections 

ҋ Failure to Attend

ҋ Compatible Materials and 

Packaging 

ҋ 6]LYÄSSZ

ҋ Unmanned Facility

APPENDIX A – CURRENT 

DOT REQUIREMENTS

1. DEFINITIONS

ҋ Carrier 

ҋ Hazmat employee 

ҋ Hazmat employer 

ҋ Maximum allowable working 

pressure or MAWP
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ҋ Outage (ullage) 

ҋ Person 

2. TRAINING 

ҋ Current Requirements: 

(§ 172.704; § 177.800; 

§ 177.816)

÷Carrier responsibility

÷Driver training

3. OPERATING PROCEDURES

ҋ Current Requirements: 

(§ 173.24; § 173.24b; 

§ 173.30; § 173.33; § 173.315; 

Part 177, Subpart B)

÷General safety

÷Pre-Loading/Unloading

÷Loading

࠮Packaging and 

Compatibility

࠮6[LYÄSSPUN  6]LY

Pressurization

Attendance࠮

࠮/HaTH[ :WLJPÄJ

Requirements

22

22

22

23

24

24

26

26

27

27

29

29

30

31

31
TABLE OF CONTENTS

÷Unloading

࠮6[LYÄSSPUN  6]LY

Pressurization

Attendance࠮

÷+D]PDW 6SHFLðF

Requirements

÷Personal protection 

equipment

APPENDIX B – OTHER 

FEDERAL OVERSIGHT

OSHA REQUIREMENTS

EPA REQUIREMENTS

APPENDIX C – ADDITIONAL 

RESOURCES

33

33

34

34

36

37-39

37

39

40
BACKGROUND

PHMSA’s mission is to protect people and the 

environment from the risks of hazardous materials 

(hazmat) in transportation. This document is intended 

to aid hazmat employers (hereinafter referred to as 

“employer”(s)) and others responsible for cargo tank 

motor vehicle (CTMV) loading/unloading by offering 

recommended best practices to further enhance the 

safety of these operations. A comprehensive summary 

of the regulations applicable to CTMV loading/

unloading operations is provided in Appendix A.

Human error continues to be a major contributing 

factor for incidents occurring during loading/ 

unloading operations including but not limited to:

Failing to attend/monitor loading/unloading 

operations;

BACKGROUND

1
BACKGROUND

Leaving a valve in the wrong position either prior to, 

during, or after loading/unloading operations;

Improperly connecting transfer equipment;

2YHU¿OOLQJ FDUJR WDQNV RU UHFHLYLQJ WDQNV DQG

Using defective/deteriorated devices and equipment.

The following incidents illustrate the need for loading/

unloading guidance:

In June 2013, a driver 

miscommunicated 

critical information to 

facility personnel during 

delivery of corrosive 

material that was then 

unloaded into the wrong 

storage tank containing 

incompatible materials. 

Adding to the confusion, 

WKLV ZDV WKH GULYHU¶V ¿UVW

delivery to this location. 

The comingling of 

incompatible materials 

emitted a vapor 

affecting the breathing of the driver and facility 

employee resulting in both being transported to 

a hospital for treatment. Also, approximately 100 

gallons of the mixture was released at the time of 

unloading.

2
BACKGROUND

In November 2011, a carrier loading heating oil into 

D FDUJR WDQN RYHU¿OOHG RQH RI WKH FRPSDUWPHQWV

resulting in the release of approximately 30 gallons 

of material. The cause was determined to be faulty 

operation of the high-level sensor.

In July 2009, the transfer hose on a CTMV ruptured 

following the 

transfer of 

anhydrous 

ammonia from a 

cargo tank to a 

storage tank. The 

resulting release 

of anhydrous 

ammonia caused 

one fatality, 

minor respiratory 

problems for 

several individuals, and the sheltering in place of 

nearby residents. An investigation determined the 

probable cause of the accident was the use of a 

transfer hose assembly not chemically compatible 

with anhydrous ammonia.1

In October 2007, a delivery driver used an improperly 

repaired transfer hose to unload LP gas from his 

8,000-gallon cargo tank. The hose detached from its 

connection to the vehicle’s cargo tank allowing gas to 

1 The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration has issued guidance regarding this 

incident, and cargo hose safety at: https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/carrier-safety/

LPSRUWDQWQRWLFHUHJDUGLQJDQK\GURXVDPPRQLDDQGOLTXH¿HGSHWUROHXPJDVKRVHV.

3
BACKGROUND

escape, resulting in an explosion that fatally injured 

the driver. The accident investigation revealed 

workers improperly repaired a damaged LP-gas 

transfer hose by attaching a nozzle using fasteners 

not designed to withstand pressurized gas.

PHMSA believes focused training and recommended 

operating procedures can help decrease these types 

of incidents. Even when human error was not the 

main reason for an incident or accident occurring, 

focused training and recommended operating 

procedures could help avoid them in the future.

4
BEST PRACTICES

RECOMMENDED 

A. TRAINING

Training should ensure hazmat employees (hereinafter 

referred to as “employee”(s)) understand and are 

TXDOL¿HG WR SHUIRUP GXWLHV VDIHO\ DQG LQ FRPSOLDQFH

with the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR). 

PHMSA recommends that an evaluation of employees’ 

understanding of safe loading/unloading procedures 

should be performed on an annual basis, at a 

minimum. More frequent and routine practice and 

evaluation of operating procedures should include 

observation and feedback by a knowledgeable 

supervisor on the employee’s performance of: 

covered functions, i.e., those regulated under the 

HMR; practice sessions; or drills. At a minimum, 

the training program should include provisions to:

RECOMMENDED

BEST PRACTICES

5
BEST PRACTICES

RECOMMENDED 

Identify employees and covered duties, i.e., 

employees subject to training due to performance 

of a covered function under the HMR;

Observe and evaluate covered employees’ 

performance of duties;

Provide feedback regarding performance of duties;

Establish a performance improvement plan for 

employees failing to perform up to standard; and 

Initiate enhanced training if employees are no longer 

TXDOL¿HG WR VDIHO\ SHUIRUP FRYHUHG GXWLHV RU LI

performance of duties contributed to an unintentional 

release of hazmat.

Further, PHMSA recommends that employers include 

LQ WKH UHTXLUHG WUDLQLQJ UHFRUG RI HPSOR\HHV VSHFL¿FV

on enhanced training needed, as well as noting when 

employees safely and successfully perform loading, 

unloading, or transloading operations. Employers should 

only use employees who have demonstrated that they 

can correctly and safely perform these functions.

6
BEST PRACTICES

RECOMMENDED 

B. OPERATING PROCEDURES

RISK ASSESSMENT OF OPERATION

PHMSA recommends that persons who load, unload, 

or provide transfer equipment to load/unload hazmat to/

from CTMVs should perform an analysis of operations; 

otherwise, review past analyses to evaluate hazards with 

loading/unloading operations,2 which should include:

Clearly marking loading/unloading activities for 

which facility personnel or the operator of a CTMV is 

responsible.

Assessing current procedures used to ensure the 

safety of loading/unloading operations and identifying 

areas where procedures could be improved. 

Analysis should be tailored to the complexity of the 

process and the materials involved in the operation, 

including—

Œ The characteristics and hazards of materials to 

be loaded/unloaded;

Œ Measures necessary to ensure safe handling of 

the material, such as temperature or pressure 

controls; and

Œ Conditions that could affect the safety of the 

loading/unloading operation, including access 

2

 This would include any device in the loading/unloading system that is designed to 

WUDQVIHU SURGXFW EHWZHHQ WKH LQWHUQDO YDOYH RQ WKH FDUJR WDQN DQG WKH ¿UVW SHUPDQHQW

valve on the supply or receiving equipment (e.g., pumps, piping, hoses, connections, 

etc.).

7
BEST PRACTICES

RECOMMENDED 

control, lighting, ignition sources, and physical 

obstructions.

Ensuring these operations analyses are kept with the 

operating procedures.

IMPLEMENTING OPERATING PROCEDURES

We also recommend that persons having performed 

an analysis should develop, maintain, and adhere 

WR WKH RSHUDWLQJ SURFHGXUH IRU WKH VSHFL¿F ORDGLQJ

unloading operation based on the results of the 

analysis; or, update/revise current procedures 

based on such results. At a minimum, operating 

procedure(s) should include the following elements:

Pre-loading/-unloading. Procedures to ensure the 

reliability of the cargo tank and associated transfer 

equipment, ensure the CTMV is secured against 

movement, prepare the cargo tank and transfer 

equipment for the loading/unloading operation, and 

verify the receiving container into which the material 

is to be transferred, including measures to—

Œ Identify the piping path, equipment lineups, 

and operational sequencing and procedures 

for connecting piping, hoses, or other transfer 

connections3; 

3 $GDSWRUV DUH QRW E\ GH¿QLWLRQ SDUW RI D GHOLYHU\ KRVW DVVHPEO\ XQGHU WKH +05

but carriers may have a variety of adaptors at their disposal to connect to various 

customer systems. Measures should be taken to ensure awareness of which adaptors 

are suitable/appropriate for each distinct loading or unloading operation.

8
BEST PRACTICES

RECOMMENDED 

Œ Verify that the material is being transferred into 

the appropriate receiving container, and that the 

container, and its contents, are compatible with 

WKH ODGLQJ DQG KDV VXI¿FLHQW FDSDFLW\ WR KROG WKH

quantity of material being transferred;

Œ Check components of the transfer system, 

including equipment such as delivery hose 

assemblies, piping, and connections, to 

ensure they are of sound quality without 

obvious defects (visually and audibly), and that 

connections are secure. 

Operators do not need to use instruments or take 

extraordinary actions to verify material or receiving 

containers, or check components not readily visible. 

Pumps, piping, hoses, and connections supplied by 

a facility or the motor carrier and used to load/unload 

from a CTMV should be compatible and maintained 

(if not already done so by requirement) similar to the 

maintenance program established for operators of 

&709V LQ OLTXH¿HG FRPSUHVVHG JDV VHUYLFH VHH

Ideas for ensuring proper connections 

and use of transfer equipment include 

color-coding components and/or receiving 

containers or introducing specially designed 

connections/couplings that only link 

with other components intended for use 

LQWKHWUDQVIHURI DVSHFLÀFPDWHULDO

9
BEST PRACTICES

RECOMMENDED 

§ 180.416 of the HMR). The driver of the CTMV can rely 

RQ LQIRUPDWLRQ SURYLGHG E\ WKH IDFLOLW\ RSHUDWRU WR FRQ¿UP

that transfer equipment meets requirements. Persons 

should not load/unload a CTMV using components of a 

transfer system that could result in unsafe conditions. 

/RDGLQJXQORDGLQJ Persons responsible for 

the loading/unloading of a CTMV should consider 

implementing procedures for monitoring the transfer 

operation, including measures to—

Œ ,QLWLDWH DQG FRQWURO WKH ODGLQJ ÀRZ

Œ Monitor, where necessary, the temperature of 

the material being transferred and the pressures 

of the cargo tank into which the material is 

being transferred;

Œ Ascertain, for materials that are heated prior 

to being loaded/unloaded, the heat input to 

be applied and the rate at which heat will be 

applied, and monitor the pressure inside the 

cargo tank being heated to ensure the heating 

process does not result in over-pressurization or 

an uncontrolled exothermic reaction;

Œ 0RQLWRU ¿OOLQJ OLPLWV DQG HQVXUH WKH TXDQWLW\ RI

hazmat to be transferred is the appropriate size 

for the cargo tank (containment vessel);

Œ 7HUPLQDWH ODGLQJ ÀRZ DQG

Œ Ensure the cargo tank is attended by a 

TXDOL¿HG SHUVRQ DW DOO WLPHV ZKHQ EHLQJ ORDGHG

10
BEST PRACTICES

RECOMMENDED 

XQORDGHG7KH TXDOL¿HG SHUVRQ DWWHQGLQJ WKH

cargo tank should have an unobstructed view of 

the cargo tank and delivery hose.

(PHUJHQF\ PDQDJHPHQW. Persons responsible 

for loading/unloading of a CTMV should consider 

procedures for handling emergencies, including —

Œ Instrumentation to monitor for leaks/releases;

Œ Equipment to isolate leaks/releases and take 

appropriate emergency shutdown measures;

Œ Training for use of emergency response 

equipment; 

Œ Emergency shutdown systems and assignment 

RI VKXWGRZQ UHVSRQVLELOLW\ WR TXDOL¿HG RSHUDWRUV

ensuring the shutdown is executed safe/timely;

Œ Emergency communication/spill reporting; and

Œ Safe startup following emergency shutdown.

3RVWORDGLQJXQORDGLQJ Persons responsible for 

the loading/unloading of a CTMV should consider 

procedures for securing transfer equipment, transport 

vehicle or packaging, and containment vessel into 

which material is transferred, including—

Œ Evacuating transfer system and depressurizing 

the containment vessel;

Œ Disconnecting transfer equipment safely; and

Œ 6HFXULQJ ¿WWLQJV YDOYHV DQG FORVXUHV

11
BEST PRACTICES

RECOMMENDED 

'HVLJQ PDLQWHQDQFH DQG WHVWLQJ RI WUDQVIHU

HTXLSPHQW Transfer equipment, used to load/

unload cargo tanks, should be compatible with the 

lading. Transfer equipment/systems, including 

pumps, piping, hoses, and connections, should be 

maintained/tested on a routine basis at time intervals 

considering how often they are used, the hazmat 

they are used to transfer, and components’ useful life. 

We recommend persons who conduct operations 

should develop/implement periodic maintenance 

schedules to prevent equipment deterioration and 

conduct periodic operational tests to ensure that 

equipment functions properly. Equipment and system 

repairs should be completed promptly and prior to 

subsequent loading/unloading operations. 

)DFLOLW\ RYHUVLJKW RI FDUULHU SHUVRQQHO Facility 

operators performing risk assessments should ensure 

carriers who load/unload CTMVs at facilities—

Œ Are supervised by personnel trained on the 

facility’s loading/unloading procedures;

Œ Are provided with written instructions on how to 

conduct transfer operations in accordance with 

procedures; or

Œ +DYH VXI¿FLHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ WR FRQGXFW WUDQVIHU

operations in accordance with procedures. 

Recordkeeping. Carrier operating procedures 

should remain in the transport vehicle. Facility 

operating procedures should always be available 

to carriers at loading/unloading facilities. 12
APPLICATIONS

REAL WORLD

The HMR are more likely to impact carrier personnel 

(e.g., drivers) than facility personnel, as drivers are 

more likely to perform hazmat transportation functions. 

Drivers are categorized as private or for-hire, the 

latter representing the larger population, which is the 

bigger challenge for implementing best practices. It is 

GLI¿FXOW WR EDODQFH WKH QHHG WR WDLORU ORDGLQJXQORDGLQJ

procedures to each facility’s unique operation with the 

need for consistency for those for-hire carriers servicing 

numerous facilities. Where a person has ownership 

of the loading facility, transport vehicle, and unloading 

facility, a risk assessment, development of operating 

procedures, and training on those procedures is less 

complex because it can be handled “in house.” In 

reality, the loading, transportation, and unloading 

of hazmat is likely to involve multiple persons; 

therefore, we discuss further the recommended best 

REAL-WORLD

APPLICATIONS

13
APPLICATIONS

REAL WORLD

practices presented above with a focus on carrierperformed loading/unloading operations to clarify 

where facility personnel should play a primary role.

A. TRAINING AND EVALUATION 

Training and testing for-hire carrier personnel on each 

facility’s loading/unloading requirements could present 

an immense task depending on the number of facilities 

serviced, variety of hazmat serviced, and size of the 

FRPSDQ\3+06$ VXJJHVWV WKDW HPSOR\HUV UH¿QH

training programs to include some form of annual 

training, the scope of which could be limited to universal 

functions. All employees performing these functions 

may not need annual retraining, thus, training regimens 

could be tailored to new employees or those having 

been involved in incidents. This annual training would 

be for a set period of time and could be adjusted 

to the HMR baseline of three years for refresher 

training. Other options include limiting annual training 

to employees performing operations involving higher 

ULVN KD]PDW HJ ÀDPPDEOH JDV RU WKRVH SHUIRUPLQJ

operations at a facility with higher risks (e.g., locations 

near populated or environmentally sensitive areas).

B. RISK ASSESSMENT 

PHMSA’s recommendation that risk assessments be 

performed by persons who load/unload, or provide 

transfer equipment to load/unload, hazmat to or from 

14
APPLICATIONS

REAL WORLD

a CTMV does not apply to drivers of CTMVs; rather, it 

applies to employees—carrier and facility operators—

involved in these operations. Additionally, carriers 

performing risk assessments should focus on the 

integrity of their equipment, and facilities should focus 

on equipment they own or have oversight of as well as 

the loading/unloading operations at these facilities.

C. EMERGENCY RESPONSE 

Responsibility for this part of the loading/unloading 

operations lies primarily with facility operators, as carriers 

should not be engaged in the full scope of emergency 

response. Carriers should, however, be involved 

in emergency response dealing with preventing the 

further spread of an incident resulting in the release of 

hazmat, i.e., emergency shut-down procedures. This is 

especially true for operations conducted at unmanned 

facilities or at retail facilities (e.g., gas stations).

D. OPERATING PROCEDURES 

Common causes of CTMV loading/unloading incidents 

are discussed below with recommended best practices 

regarding roles and means to prevent similar incidents. 

7UDQVIHU (TXLSPHQW &RQQHFWLRQVPersons 

involved in loading/unloading operations have a 

shared responsibility to verify that transfer equipment 

is properly connected between CTMV equipment 

15
APPLICATIONS

REAL WORLD

and facility equipment. Verify proper connection 

is made at time of connections, as well as prior to 

hazmat transfer, by using a connection sequencing 

checklist. If multiple persons are involved, facility 

representatives and carrier personnel should certify 

(e.g., via signature) that connection integrity was 

YHUL¿HG SULRU WR WUDQVIHU DQG FRPSRQHQWV RI WKH

transfer equipment are appropriate for the hazmat 

being transferred.

)DLOXUH WR $WWHQG The HMR places the responsibility 

of attendance of CTMV loading/unloading primarily 

on the carrier during the operation; however, facilities 

also should provide trained persons to attend the 

operations. Facility personnel are most familiar with 

the hazmat being handled, facility structure/layout, 

and emergency response procedures, although 

they need not attend in the same manner as carrier 

personnel. Facility personnel could provide on-site 

supervision via remote video with full coverage and 

visual of the location. Adding a secondary layer 

RI DWWHQGDQFH FRXOG SUHYHQWPLQLPL]H RYHU¿OOV RI

CTMVs or receiving containers (e.g., storage tanks). 

Note this level of on-site supervision is not expected 

for residential customers arranging for delivery of 

hazmat (e.g., propane) for personal use.

&RPSDWLEOH 0DWHULDOV DQG 3DFNDJLQJThe HMR 

provide requirements to ensure compatibility of 

hazmat with CTMVs or residue materials contained 

therein. PHMSA recommends applying these 

practices to hazmat that is unloaded into receiving 

16
APPLICATIONS

REAL WORLD

containers/storage tanks. Facility personnel should 

play a lead role with ensuring hazmat is being 

transferred to/from the right facility container as part 

of the pre-loading/-unloading procedures and, once 

YHUL¿HG VKRXOG DXWKRUL]H WKH WUDQVIHU$GGLWLRQDO

steps to ensure compatibility include certifying that a 

CTMV has been in dedicated service for a compatible 

hazmat, maintaining proof of tank wash prior to 

loading, and using visual aids on receiving containers 

at a facility to communicate the appropriate container 

(e.g., the chemical name, a GHS4 label, etc.). 

2YHUÀOOV With regard to unloading (not to include 

transloading) from a CTMV, both the carrier and 

IDFLOLW\ KDYH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ LQ SUHYHQWLQJ RYHU¿OOV RI D

receiving container; however, facility operators have 

primary responsibility for ensuring that containers 

have enough space to handle the volume of product 

being unloaded. As part of standard procedures, 

carriers should include steps to verify with facility 

personnel that receiving containers provide adequate 

space, or use facility-provided checklists that verify 

required space is available. 

8QPDQQHG )DFLOLW\ Unmanned facilities are those 

not likely to have personnel available to assist with 

loading/unloading operations at the time a carrier 

delivers hazmat (e.g., night deliveries). These 

facilities are typically locked and access is given only 

to drivers that have completed some form of training 

4 *OREDOO\ +DUPRQL]HG 6\VWHP RI &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ DQG /DEHOOLQJ RI &KHPLFDOV

17
APPLICATIONS

REAL WORLD

requirements. PHMSA recommends additional 

training in facility operations when there are few 

personnel and many facilities to service. Rather than 

a training program for each employee at each facility, 

carrier personnel can be trained on unique aspects 

or higher risks of a facility’s operations. The extent 

of the training could be expanded based on the 

circumstance of the carrier personnel (e.g., personnel 

are provided for exclusive service). Facilities could 

post a checklist that carrier personnel (i.e., drivers) 

can reference prior to, during, and following a loading 

or unloading operation.

18
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

APPENDIX A – 

DOT Regulations as of 

January 1, 20155

1. DEFINITIONS

7KH IROORZLQJ GH¿QLWLRQV RI +05 WHUPV XVHG

throughout Appendix A are provided for 

ease of understanding by the reader.

&DUULHU means: A person who transports 

passengers or property in commerce by rail 

car, aircraft, motor vehicle, or vessel.

+D]PDW HPSOR\HH means: A person who is:

APPENDICES

5 Regulations are subject to revision. Always review the GPO e-cfr for the most 

current regulations.

19
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

(1) Employed on a full-time, part time, or temporary basis 

by a hazmat employer and who in the course of such 

full time, part time or temporary employment directly 

affects hazardous materials transportation safety;

(2) Self-employed (including an owner-operator 

of a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft) transporting 

hazardous materials in commerce who in the 

course of such self-employment directly affects 

hazardous materials transportation safety;

(3) A railroad signalman; or

(4) A railroad maintenance-of-way employee.

This term includes an individual, employed on 

a full time, part time, or temporary basis by a 

hazmat employer, or who is self-employed, 

who during the course of employment:

/RDGV XQORDGV RU KDQGOHV KD]DUGRXV PDWHULDOV

HPSKDVLV DGGHG

Designs, manufactures, fabricates, inspects, 

marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a 

package, container or packaging component that is 

UHSUHVHQWHG PDUNHG FHUWL¿HG RU VROG DV TXDOL¿HG IRU

use in transporting hazardous material in commerce;

Prepares hazardous materials for transportation;

Is responsible for safety of transporting hazardous 

materials; or

20
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

Operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous 

materials.

+D]PDW HPSOR\HU means: 

(1) A person who employs or uses at least one hazmat 

employee on a full-time, part time, or temporary basis;

(2) A person who is self-employed (including an 

owner-operator of a motor vehicle, vessel, or 

aircraft) transporting materials in commerce; or

(3) A department, agency, or instrumentality of the United 

States Government, or an authority of a State, political 

subdivision of a State, or an Indian tribe; and who:

Transports hazardous materials in commerce;

Causes hazardous materials to be transported in 

commerce; or

Designs, manufactures, fabricates, inspects, 

marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs or tests a 

package, container, or packaging component that 

LV UHSUHVHQWHG PDUNHG FHUWL¿HG RU VROG E\ WKDW

SHUVRQ DV TXDOL¿HG IRU XVH LQ WUDQVSRUWLQJ KD]DUGRXV

materials in commerce.

0D[LPXP DOORZDEOH ZRUNLQJ SUHVVXUH or 0$:3

means: The maximum pressure allowed at the top 

of the tank in its normal operating position. The 

MAWP must be calculated as required in ASME 

Code (Section VIII). In use, the MAWP must be 

21
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

greater than or equal to the maximum lading pressure 

conditions prescribed in § 173.33 of the HMR.

2XWDJH XOODJH means: The amount by which 

a packaging falls short of being liquid full, 

usually expressed in percent by volume.

Person means: An individual, corporation, company, 

DVVRFLDWLRQ ¿UP SDUWQHUVKLS VRFLHW\ MRLQW VWRFN

company; or a government, Indian Tribe, or authority of 

a government or Tribe, that offers a hazardous material 

for transportation in commerce, transports a hazardous 

material to support a commercial enterprise, or designs, 

manufactures, fabricates, inspects, marks, maintains, 

reconditions, repairs, or tests a package, container, 

or packaging component that is represented, marked, 

FHUWL¿HG RU VROG DV TXDOL¿HG IRU XVH LQ WUDQVSRUWLQJ

hazardous material in commerce. This term does 

not include the United States Postal Service or, for 

purposes of 49 U.S.C. 5123 and 5124, a Department, 

agency, or instrumentality of the government.

2. TRAINING 

The HMR require a training program that ensures a 

hazmat employee: (1) has familiarity with the general 

requirements of the HMR; (2) is able to recognize 

DQG LGHQWLI\ KD]PDW  KDV NQRZOHGJH RI VSHFL¿F

requirements of the HMR applicable to functions 

performed by the employee; and (4) has knowledge 

22
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

of emergency response information, self-protection 

measures and accident prevention methods and 

procedures. Also, there are additional training 

UHTXLUHPHQWV VSHFL¿F WR PRWRU YHKLFOH WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ

of hazmat. Employees must be trained prior to 

performing a hazmat function and must be retrained 

every three (3) years. Regulated persons may exceed 

these minimum training standards. This section 

describes the current training standards required 

under the HMR and recommended best practices 

PHMSA encourages regulated persons to consider 

when developing training materials and programs.6

CURRENT REQUIREMENTS: 

(§ 172.704; § 177.800; § 177.816)

It is the responsibility of the hazmat employer to 

ensure that each hazmat employee is trained in 

accordance with the requirements of the HMR. A 

hazmat employee who performs any function subject 

to the requirements of the HMR cannot perform that 

IXQFWLRQ XQOHVV LQVWUXFWHG LQ WKRVH IXQFWLRQVSHFL¿F

requirements of HMR. Training may be provided by the 

hazmat employer or other public or private sources.

A new hazmat employee, or a hazmat employee 

who changes job functions, must be trained prior 

6

 PHMSA supports training and development through the Outreach and Training 

Division. Information is available at: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/outreachtraining. Appendix C also lists useful training documents.

23
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

to performance of any regulated functions. A new 

hazmat employee may perform a HMR regulated 

function prior to the completion of training provided:

The employee performs those functions under 

the direct supervision of a properly trained and 

knowledgeable hazmat employee; and

The training is completed within 90 days after 

employment or a change in job function.

Hazmat employee training must cover 

the following elements:

General awareness and familiarization of the HMR;

)XQFWLRQVSHFL¿F

Safety; and

Security awareness (See § 172.704 for details.) 

&DUULHU UHVSRQVLELOLW\

A carrier may not transport a hazmat by motor 

vehicle unless all employees involved in that 

transportation are trained as required by the HMR.

'ULYHU WUDLQLQJ

No carrier may transport, or cause to be transported, a 

hazmat unless each hazmat employee who will operate 

a motor vehicle has been trained in the applicable 

requirements of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety 

Regulations (49 CFR Parts 390-397) and the procedures 

24
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

necessary for the safe operation of that motor vehicle7. 

Driver training must include the following subjects:

Pre-trip safety inspection;

Use of vehicle controls and equipment, including 

operation of emergency equipment;

Operation of the vehicle including procedures for 

maneuvering tunnels, bridges, and railroad crossings;

Requirements pertaining to attendance of vehicles, 

parking, smoking, routing, and incident reporting; and

Loading/unloading of materials.

There are specialized training requirements associated 

with cargo tanks. Each driver of a CTMV must 

have the appropriate State-issued commercial 

driver’s license (CDL) required by 49 CFR Part 383. 

Specialized training must include the following:

Operation of emergency control features of the cargo 

tank;

Special vehicle handling characteristics, including: 

KLJK FHQWHU RI JUDYLW\ ÀXLGORDG VXEMHFW WR VXUJH

HIIHFWV RI ÀXLGORDG VXUJH RQ EUDNLQJ FKDUDFWHULVWLF

GLIIHUHQFHV LQ VWDELOLW\ DPRQJ EDIÀHG XQEDIÀHG DQG

multi-compartmented tanks; and effects of partial 

loads on vehicle stability; 

Loading/unloading procedures;

7 FMCSA provides resources for drivers. Information is available at http://www.fmcsa.

dot.gov/resources-for-drivers.

25
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

The properties and hazards of the material 

transported; and

Retest and inspection requirements for cargo tanks.

Compliance with the current requirements for a CDL 

with a tank vehicle or hazmat endorsement may be 

used to satisfy these driver training requirements.

3. OPERATING PROCEDURES

The HMR provide for requirements associated with 

loading/unloading operating procedures throughout 

the regulations. This includes operating procedures 

contained in: (1) the general requirements for packages 

and packagings; (2) additional general requirements for 

bulk packagings; (3) requirements for hazmat in cargo 

tanks; (4) requirements for compressed gases in cargo 

tanks; and (5) the general requirements for loading/

unloading. Below we provide a summary of regulations 

applicable to loading/unloading operations, however, 

this summary discussion is not all encompassing and 

we remind readers to become familiar with the HMR to 

educate themselves on all the requirements that would 

DSSO\ WR WKHLU VSHFL¿F ORDGLQJXQORDGLQJ RSHUDWLRQV

CURRENT REQUIREMENTS: 

(§ 173.24; § 173.24B; § 173.30; § 173.33; 

§ 173.315; PART 177, SUBPART B)

26
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

GENERAL SAFETY:

Smoking on or about a CTMV is forbidden while 

ORDGLQJ RU XQORDGLQJ DQ\ &ODVV  ÀDPPDEOH

OLTXLG &ODVV  ÀDPPDEOH VROLG &ODVV 

R[LGL]HU RU 'LYLVLRQ  ÀDPPDEOH JDV

([WUHPH FDUH PXVW EH WDNHQ WR NHHS ¿UH DZD\ DQG WR

prevent persons in the vicinity from smoking, lighting 

PDWFKHV RU FDUU\LQJ DQ\ ÀDPH RU OLJKWHG FLJDU

pipe, or cigarette when loading or unloading of any 

&ODVV  ÀDPPDEOH OLTXLG &ODVV  ÀDPPDEOH VROLG

&ODVV  R[LGL]HU RU 'LYLVLRQ  ÀDPPDEOH JDV

No hazmat may be loaded into or unloaded from a 

CTMV unless the handbrake is securely set and all other 

reasonable precautions are taken to prevent motion of 

the vehicle during such loading or unloading operations.

PRE-LOADING/UNLOADING:

Each person offering a hazmat that requires the use 

RI D VSHFL¿FDWLRQ &709 PXVW FRQ¿UP WKDW WKH &709

FRQIRUPV WR WKH VSHFL¿FDWLRQ UHTXLUHG IRU WKH KD]PDW

and that the MAWP of the cargo tank is greater 

than or equal to the largest pressure as follows:

For compressed gases and some refrigerated liquids 

that are not cryogenic liquids, the pressure required 

in § 173.315.

For cryogenic liquids, the pressure required in 

§ 173.318.

27
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

)RU OLTXLG KD]PDW ORDGHG LQ '27 VSHFL¿FDWLRQ FDUJR

tanks equipped with a 1 psig normal vent, the sum 

of the tank static head plus 1 psig. In addition, 

for hazmat loaded in these cargo tanks, the vapor 

pressure of the hazmat at 115°F must not be >1 psig, 

except for gasoline transported in accordance with 

Special Provision B33 in § 172.102(c)(3).

For liquid hazmat not covered above, the sum of the 

vapor pressure of the lading at 115°F, plus the tank 

static head exerted by the hazmat, plus any pressure 

exerted by the gas padding, including air in the 

outage space or dome.

The maximum pressure in the tank during loading 

or unloading.

%HIRUH XQORDGLQJ IURP D &709 FRQWDLQLQJ D OLTXH¿HG

FRPSUHVVHG JDV WKH TXDOL¿HG SHUVRQ SHUIRUPLQJ WKH

function must check those components of the discharge 

system, including delivery hose assemblies and piping, 

that are readily observed during the normal course of 

unloading to assure they are of sound quality, without 

obvious defects detectable through visual observation 

and audio awareness, and that connections are secure. 

This check must be made after the pressure in the 

discharge system has reached at least equilibrium with 

the pressure in the cargo tank. Operators need not 

use instruments or take extraordinary actions to check 

components not readily visible. No operator may unload 

OLTXH¿HG FRPSUHVVHG JDVHV IURP D &709 ZLWK D GHOLYHU\

KRVH DVVHPEO\ IRXQG WR KDYH DQ\ FRQGLWLRQ LGHQWL¿HG

28
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

in § 180.416(g)(1) or with piping systems found to have 

DQ\ FRQGLWLRQ LGHQWL¿HG LQ  J RI WKH +05

LOADING:

This section provides a summary of loading 

requirements categorized by subtopics 

based on frequent types of incidents. 

PACKAGING AND COMPATIBILITY

1R SHUVRQ PD\ ¿OO DQG RIIHU IRU WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ D

VSHFL¿FDWLRQ &709 IRU ZKLFK WKH UHTXLUHG SHULRGLF UHWHVW

or inspection is past due until the retest or inspection has 

EHHQ VXFFHVVIXOO\ FRPSOHWHG$ FDUJR WDQN ¿OOHG SULRU WR

the retest or inspection due date may be transported.

Two or more materials may not be loaded in a CTMV 

the mixing of which would cause an unsafe condition 

VXFK DV DQ H[SORVLRQ ¿UH DQ H[FHVV LQFUHDVH LQ

pressure or heat, or the release of toxic vapors.

A hazmat may not be loaded into a cargo tank if 

during the course of transportation contact by any 

part of the tank with the hazmat would result in a 

dangerous reaction (e.g., release of toxic vapors).

A hazmat may not be loaded into a cargo tank 

that will adversely affect the tank’s integrity or:

May combine with residue or contaminants in the 

WDQN WR SURGXFH DQ H[SORVLRQ ¿UH H[FHVV LQFUHDVH LQ

pressure (or heat), or release of toxic vapors.

29
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

May severely corrode or react with the tank 

material at any concentration or temperature during 

transportation.

Is prohibited by the HMR.

OVERFILLING / OVER-PRESSURIZATION

$ OLTXLG RU OLTXH¿HG JDV KD]PDW PXVW EH ORDGHG

VR WKDW WKH RXWDJH LV DW OHDVW ¿YH SHUFHQW DQG

at least one percent of the cargo tank capacity 

(or any compartment) for material poisonous by 

inhalation and for all other materials, respectively. 

The reference temperatures are 115°F for noninsulated tanks and 105°F for insulated tanks.

Air pressure in excess of ambient atmospheric pressure 

may not be used to load a hazmat which may create 

DQ DLUHQULFKHG PL[WXUH ZLWKLQ WKH ÀDPPDELOLW\ UDQJH

of the material in the vapor space of the tank.

The loading rate used must be less than or equal to the 

UDWH LQGLFDWHG RQ WKH FDUJR WDQN VSHFL¿FDWLRQ SODWH,I

QR ORDGLQJ UDWH LV PDUNHG RQ WKH VSHFL¿FDWLRQ SODWH8, 

the loading rate and pressure used must be limited 

such that the pressure in the tank may not exceed 130 

percent of the maximum allowable working pressure.

A hazmat that is classed as Division 6.1, Packing Group I 

or II (poisonous liquid) must be loaded in a CTMV having 

D PD[LPXP DOORZDEOH ZRUNLQJ SUHVVXUH RI  SVLJ

8 Exceptions for cryogenic liquids are provided in § 173.318(b)(6).

30
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

ATTENDANCE

$ FDUJR WDQN PXVW EH DWWHQGHG E\ D TXDOL¿HG9

person at all times when it is being loaded. The 

person who is responsible for loading the cargo 

tank also is responsible for ensuring that it is 

DWWHQGHG$ TXDOL¿HG SHUVRQ 3DWWHQGV ́ WKH ORDGLQJ RI

a cargo tank if, throughout the process, the person 

is alert and is within 25 feet of the cargo tank.

HAZMAT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

Engine stop (Division 2.1 material)

Unless the engine is used for the operation of the 

transfer pump of the vehicle, no material may be 

loaded into any CTMV with the engine running. 

Unless the delivery hose is equipped with a shut-off 

valve at its discharge end, the engine of the motor 

YHKLFOH PXVW EH VWRSSHG DW WKH ¿QLVK RI VXFK ORDGLQJ

operation while the connections are disconnected.

Engine stop (Class 3 material)

Unless the engine of a CTMV is to be used for the 

operation of a pump, no material may be loaded while 

the engine is running. The diesel engine of a CTMV 

may be left running during loading if the ambient 

DWPRVSKHULF WHPSHUDWXUH LV DW RU EHORZ  ) í &

9 $ SHUVRQ LV 3TXDOL¿HG ́ LI WKH SHUVRQ LV DZDUH RI WKH QDWXUH RI WKH KD]PDW WKDW LV WR EH

loaded or unloaded, has been instructed on emergency procedures, and is authorized 

to move the cargo tank and has the means to do so.

31
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

%RQGLQJ IRU &ODVV  PDWHULDO ± 2SHQ ¿OOLQJ KROH:KHQ

D FDUJR WDQN LV ORDGHG WKURXJK DQ RSHQ ¿OOLQJ KROH RQH

end of a bond wire must be connected to the stationary 

system piping or integrally connected steel framing, and 

the other end to the shell of the cargo tank to provide 

a continuous electrical connection. (If bonding is to 

the framing, it is essential that piping and framing be 

electrically interconnected.) This connection must be 

PDGH EHIRUH DQ\ ¿OOLQJ KROH LV RSHQHG DQG PXVW UHPDLQ

LQ SODFH XQWLO DIWHU WKH ODVW ¿OOLQJ KROH KDV EHHQ FORVHG

Additional bond wires are not needed around all-metal 

ÀH[LEOH RU VZLYHO MRLQWV EXW DUH UHTXLUHG IRU QRQPHWDOOLF

ÀH[LEOH FRQQHFWLRQV LQ WKH VWDWLRQDU\ V\VWHP SLSLQJ

9DSRU WLJKW ± QRW RSHQ ¿OOLQJ KROH:KHQ D FDUJR

tank is loaded through a vapor-tight top or bottom 

connection, so that there is no release of vapor 

at a point where a spark could occur, bonding or 

grounding is not required. Contact of the closed 

FRQQHFWLRQ PXVW EH PDGH EHIRUH ÀRZ VWDUWV DQG PXVW

QRW EH EURNHQ XQWLO DIWHU WKH ÀRZ LV FRPSOHWHG

A CTMV in chlorine service may not be moved, coupled 

or uncoupled, when any loading connections are 

attached to the vehicle, nor may it be left without the 

power unit attached unless the vehicle is chocked or 

equivalent means are provided to prevent motion.

Full equilibration of a cargo tank transporting a Division 

 ÀDPPDEOH JDV PDWHULDO WKDW LV D FU\RJHQLF OLTXLG

32
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

may only be done at a facility that loads or unloads a 

'LYLVLRQ  ÀDPPDEOH JDV PDWHULDO WKDW LV D FU\RJHQLF

OLTXLG DQG PXVW EH SHUIRUPHG DQG YHUL¿HG DV IROORZV

The temperature and pressure of the liquid must be 

reduced by a manually controlled release of vapor; 

and

The pressure in the cargo tank must be measured 

at least ten minutes after the manual release is 

terminated.

UNLOADING:

This section provides a summary of unloading 

requirements categorized by subtopics based on frequent 

types of incidents.

OVERFILLING / OVER-PRESSURIZATION

Air pressure in excess of ambient atmospheric 

pressure may not be used to unload a hazmat that may 

FUHDWH DQ DLUHQULFKHG PL[WXUH ZLWKLQ WKH ÀDPPDELOLW\

range of the lading in the vapor space of the tank.

The unloading rate used must be less than or equal 

WR WKH UDWH LQGLFDWHG RQ WKH FDUJR WDQN VSHFL¿FDWLRQ

plate. If no unloading rate is marked on the 

VSHFL¿FDWLRQ SODWH WKH XQORDGLQJ UDWH DQG SUHVVXUH

used must be limited such that the pressure in the 

tank may not exceed 130 percent of the MAWP. 

33
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

ATTENDANCE

A motor carrier must ensure that the cargo tank is 

DWWHQGHG E\ D TXDOL¿HGSHUVRQ10 at all times during 

unloading11. Except for unloading operations covering 

FRPEXVWLEOH OLTXLGV VHH  G DQG OLTXH¿HG

petroleum gas and anhydrous ammonia in metered 

and non-metered delivery service (see § 177.840(p) 

DQG T D TXDOL¿HG SHUVRQ 3DWWHQGV ́ WKH ORDGLQJ RU

unloading of a cargo tank if, throughout the process, the 

person is alert and is within 25 feet of the cargo tank. 

7KH TXDOL¿HG SHUVRQ PXVW KDYH DQ XQREVWUXFWHG YLHZ

of the cargo tank and delivery hose to the maximum 

extent practicable during the unloading operation. 

HAZMAT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

Engine stop (Division 2.1 material)

Unless the engine is used for the operation of the 

transfer pump of the vehicle, no material may be 

unloaded from any CTMV with the engine running. 

Unless the delivery hose is equipped with a shut-off 

valve at its discharge end, the engine of the motor 

11 The carrier’s obligation to ensure attendance during unloading ceases when: 

transportation is completed; the cargo tank is on the customer’s property; and the 

motive power has been removed from the cargo tank and the property.

10 $ SHUVRQ LV 3TXDOL¿HG ́ LI WKH SHUVRQ LV DZDUH RI WKH QDWXUH RI WKH KD]PDW WKDW LV

to be loaded or unloaded, has been instructed on emergency procedures, and is 

authorized to move the cargo tank and has the means to do so.

34
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

YHKLFOH PXVW EH VWRSSHG DW WKH ¿QLVK RI VXFK XQORDGLQJ

operation while the connections are disconnected.

Engine stop (Class 3 material)

Unless the engine of a CTMV is to be used for the 

operation of a pump, no material may be unloaded while 

the engine is running. The diesel engine of a CTMV 

may be left running during unloading if the ambient 

DWPRVSKHULF WHPSHUDWXUH LV DW RU EHORZ  ) í &

%RQGLQJ IRU &ODVV  PDWHULDO ± 2SHQ ¿OOLQJ KROH

When a cargo tank is unloaded by a suctionSLSLQJ V\VWHP WKURXJK DQ RSHQ ¿OOLQJ KROH RI

the cargo tank, electrical continuity must be 

maintained from cargo tank to receiving tank.

9DSRU WLJKW ± QRW RSHQ ¿OOLQJ KROH:KHQ D FDUJR WDQN

is unloaded through a vapor-tight (not open hole) top 

or bottom connection, so that there is no release of 

vapor at a point where a spark could occur, bonding 

or grounding is not required. Contact of the closed 

FRQQHFWLRQ PXVW EH PDGH EHIRUH ÀRZ VWDUWV DQG PXVW

QRW EH EURNHQ XQWLO DIWHU WKH ÀRZ LV FRPSOHWHG%RQGLQJ

or grounding is not required when a cargo tank is 

unloaded through a non-vapor-tight connection into a 

VWDWLRQDU\ WDQN SURYLGHG WKH PHWDOOLF ¿OOLQJ FRQQHFWLRQ

LV PDLQWDLQHG LQ FRQWDFW ZLWK WKH ¿OOLQJ KROH

A CTMV used for transportation of chlorine may 

not be moved, coupled or uncoupled, when any 

35
REGULATIONS

DOT’S CURRENT APPENDIX A: 

unloading connections are attached to the vehicle, 

nor may it be left without the power unit attached 

unless the vehicle is chocked or equivalent 

means are provided to prevent motion. 

Unloading of chlorine from a CTMV must be 

performed in compliance with Section 3 of the 

Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 57, “Emergency Shut-off 

Systems for Bulk Transfer of Chlorine.” [Note the 

OSHA requirements also apply for this operation.]

PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT:

CTMVs in chlorine service must be equipped:

With an approved respirator by the National Institute 

for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services, see 

1,26+ &HUWL¿HG (TXLSPHQW /LVW DW www.cdc.gov/

niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/CEL/; and

:LWK DQ HPHUJHQF\ NLW IRU FRQWUROOLQJ OHDNV LQ ¿WWLQJV

on the dome cover plate. (The Chlorine Institute can 

be used as a resource for obtaining such a kit.)

A carrier of carbon monoxide, cryogenic liquid 

must provide each driver with a self-contained 

breathing apparatus (SCBA) that is approved by 

1,26+ VHH 1,26+ &HUWL¿HG (TXLSPHQW /LVW DW

www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/CEL/.

36
OVERSIGHT

OTHER FEDERAL APPENDIX B: 

APPENDIX B – Other 

Federal Oversight

Several Federal agencies share responsibility for the 

safety of loading, unloading or transloading operations 

involving hazmat and associated with CTMVs—DOT 

(PHMSA), the Occupational Safety and Health 

Administration (OSHA), and the Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). Below is a brief summary of OSHA and 

EPA programs relating to loading/unloading operations.

OSHA REQUIREMENTS

OSHA’s Process Safety Management (PSM) standard 

(see 29 CFR 1910.119) contains requirements for 

processes that use, store, manufacture, handle, or 

transport threshold quantities of highly hazardous 

chemicals (HHC)12 on-site as well as processes 

FRQWDLQLQJ  SRXQGV RU PRUH RI ÀDPPDEOH OLTXLGV RU

gases with certain exemptions. Bulk13 loading/unloading 

operations involving PSM-covered chemicals or other 

processes with PSM-covered chemicals are subject to the 

requirements of the PSM standard. The PSM standard 

requires employers to compile process safety information 

(PSI) to identify and understand the hazards of a process. 

PSI is then used to perform a process hazard analysis to 

identify, evaluate, and control the hazards of the process. 

The results of the analysis are then used as the basis 

for development and implementation of written operating 

procedures providing instructions for safe operations of 

37
OVERSIGHT

OTHER FEDERAL APPENDIX B: 

a process, such as loading/unloading operations to or 

from bulk containers (see 29 CFR 1910.119(f)). After the 

procedures are developed, each employee, including a 

contract employee, who is involved in loading/unloading 

operations must be trained in the required processes and 

procedures, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.119(g). 

Detailed information about the OSHA PSM standard and 

additional guidance is available at the following website: 

www.osha.gov/SLTC/processsafetymanagement/.

OSHA’s Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency 

Response standard (HAZWOPER) (29 CFR 1910.120) 

contains requirements for the cleanup of hazardous 

waste and the responding to releases of hazardous 

substances without regard to the location of the hazard. 

Where applicable, 29 CFR 1910.120(q) requires an 

emergency response plan that would include elements 

on emergency recognition and prevention, emergency 

alerting and response procedures, and personal 

protective equipment. In addition, those that respond 

to a hazardous substance release must be trained in 

accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6). Detailed 

information about the OSHA HAZWOPER standard and 

additional guidance is available at the following website: 

www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardouswaste/index.html.

13 7KH XVH RI WKLV WHUP ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH 360 VWDQGDUG LV QRW WKH VDPH DV GH¿QHG

in the PHMSA HMR.

12  &)5 E GH¿QHV D highly hazardous chemical as a substance 

SRVVHVVLQJ WR[LF UHDFWLYH ÀDPPDEOH RU H[SORVLYH SURSHUWLHV DQG VSHFL¿HG E\

paragraph (a)(1) of § 1910.119.

38
OVERSIGHT

OTHER FEDERAL APPENDIX B: 

EPA REQUIREMENTS

EPA regulations establish a general duty for facility 

owners or operators of facilities that produce, handle, 

process, distribute, or store certain chemicals to identify 

hazards associated with the accidental release of 

extremely hazardous substances, design and maintain 

a safe facility as needed to prevent such release, and 

minimize the consequences of release. In addition, 

stationary sources with more than a threshold quantity 

of a regulated substance in a process are subject to 

EPA’s accident prevention regulations, including the 

requirement to develop a Risk Management Plan 

(RMP) and submit the RMP to the EPA (see 40 CFR 

Part 68). EPA’s RMP requirements contain accident 

prevention measures that are virtually identical to those 

within the OSHA PSM standard. Detailed information 

about the EPA RMP standard and additional guidance is 

available at the following website: www2.epa.gov/rmp.

39
RESOURCES

ADDITIONAL APPENDIX C: 

APPENDIX C – Additional 

Resources

The following documents provide additional educational 

resources and recommended practices that can 

enhance the safety of loading/unloading operations.

 ́/LTXHÀHG &RPSUHVVHG *DVHV &RPSOLDQFH

$VVLVWDQFH *XLGHμ – This brochure describes the 

testing, recordkeeping, and unloading requirements 

IRU RSHUDWRUV RI &709V ZKHQ WUDQVSRUWLQJ OLTXH¿HG

compressed gases. 

 ́,PSRUWDQW 1RWLFH 5HJDUGLQJ $QK\GURXV $PPRQLD

DQG /LTXHÀHG 3HWUROHXP *DV +RVHVμ – This notice 

provides information on incidents occurring during the 

transfer of these materials to or from a CTMV, and 

provides recommended procedures to prevent future 

incidents.

 ́:KDW <RX 6KRXOG .QRZ $ *XLGH WR 'HYHORSLQJ

D +D]DUGRXV 0DWHULDOV 7UDLQLQJ 3URJUDPμ – This 

guidance explains the training requirements in the 

+D]DUGRXV 0DWHULDOV 5HJXODWLRQV LGHQWL¿HV WKRVH

employees who must be trained, and provides a tool 

to help employers determine what type of training and 

training environment may be best for their employees.

40

Need help?

Call our Hazardous Materials Information 

Center at 800-467-4922 between the 

hours of 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM EST, Monday 

through Friday except Federal holidays

PHH50-0151-0515