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## Other Youth Topics

## Breadcrumb

            -  Youth Topics 
            -  Juvenile Justice 
            -           Reentry      

# Reentry

The process of previously incarcerated youth transitioning from juvenile justice residential placement back into their communities is an exciting and significant step, yet it can also be a difficult one. Young people leaving residential placement face many concerns as they reenter the community, home, and school/work force. Reentry refers to those activities and tasks that prepare youth placed out-of-home for reentry into their families and communities.1

Unfortunately, many youth return to unstable home settings, struggle to remain in school, and lack the skills needed for employment upon leaving secure care placement. Further, the majority of youth involved in the juvenile justice system have a mental health disorder, and support services in their home communities are hard to arrange until they are formally released. This can cause a gap in services that negatively impacts the reentry process.2

To improve the odds of success for youth reentering the community, the justice system, related agencies, and communities must plan for what needs to occur for reentry when youth enter the juvenile justice system: “think exit at entry.” Therefore coordination and collaboration between agencies and across services and supports are necessary at multiple phases of reentry.3 The four main phases are the following:
                      - The entry phase: The moment the youth enters residential placement
                      - The placement phase: The time the youth is in the secure care facility
                      - The transitional phase: The actual act of leaving the facility and reentering the community, which is immediately before and immediately after the date of exit
                      - The community-based aftercare phase: Usually the 120-day (or longer) period after a youth returns to the community

Successful reentry programs and practices should ensure the delivery of prescribed services and supervision in the community. Specifically, “by fostering improved family relationships and functioning, reintegration into school, and mastery of independent life skills, youth build resiliency and positive development to divert them from delinquent and other problematic behaviors.4

There are many factors that should be considered when planning for reentry. The literature confirms that successful reentry plans, services, and supports should address at least these five issues:
                      - Family:  What services and supports are needed to ensure family and home stability, skill development, and healing of damaged relationships?
                      - Substance abuse:  What are the services and supports that promote a reduction or cessation of  substance use and/or abuse ?  
                      - Peer association/friends:  What services and supports need to be in place to promote positive use of leisure time, prevent gang involvement, and discourage association with peers engaged in delinquent activities? Learn more about  positive youth development.
                      - School conflict and achievement:  What services are in place to promote the transference of educational records and placement in the appropriate school settings that will support educational success and achievement?
                      - Mental, behavioral, and physical health:  What services and supports are in place to address  mental health , social/behavioral concerns, and/or chronic health problems?  

### Mentors, Education, and Employment Opportunities

Research has demonstrated that reentry services and aftercare programs which connect youth with professional case managers, mentors, and education and/or employment opportunities can reduce recidivism.5 Youth in residential settings should be provided with high quality, appropriate education programming that parallels that of mainstream public schools and holds youth to the same academic standards. In this way, youth eligible to return to school after release will be better prepared to persist and succeed in the community setting.6

Additionally, research consistently shows that individuals who have jobs are less likely to engage in crime; however, youth exiting secure care and seeking employment often encounter obstacles.7 To help youth develop the skills necessary for successful employment, juvenile justice facilities should offer high-quality vocational training and other employment supports including providing information about how to interview and behave appropriately in the workplace. Learn more about youth employment.

### Mental and Behavioral Health Supports

Finally, regardless of where youth return upon exit from secure care, they will need the skills to properly control their emotions and behaviors in community settings. This requires that juvenile justice facilities address any mental/behavioral health needs youth may have and connect them with community-based treatment and support services upon exit. Research shows that exposure to childhood trauma, abuse, and/or neglect is correlated with high rates of recidivism, rearrest, and the execution of serious, violent, and repeated offenses in adolescence/early adulthood. 8 In light of these findings, it is crucial that juvenile reentry programs provide youth with relevant therapy and mental health supports both during placement and upon exit from secure care so that an individual’s underlying trauma and its effects on their life can be addressed and their chances of successful reentry into the community improved. 9

### Environment

Another key consideration for reentry planning is the environment to which a youth will return. The extent to which a youth’s neighborhood generally accepts criminal behavior and drug use—or “special contagion” 10—must be reviewed. When necessary, alternative supports and activities must be put in place to lower the risk of the youth re-engaging in delinquent/criminal behavior. Because it is not possible to move all families from low-income communities where the presence of criminal activity may be higher due to a lack of resources, reentry activities should include building skills in both avoiding criminal involvement and engaging in positive community capacity building.11

## Resources for Youth and Families

**Improving Outcomes for Youth with Disabilities in Juvenile Corrections: Transition and Reentry****(PDF, 7 pages)**This source summarizes best practices for helping youth with disabilities transition out of the juvenile justice system and reenter their communities. Included are countless resources and websites with information for previously incarcerated youth and youth with disabilities, parents and families of incarcerated youth, as well as educators and other after-care community partners.

**In Focus: Juvenile Reentry Fact Sheet****(PDF, 1 page)**This fact sheet presents a summary of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s (OJJDP) supports for youth and adolescents who are transitioning out of the juvenile justice system. The page highlights educational, vocational, and positive youth development programs sponsored by the OJJDP inside correctional facilities and after reentry into the community.

**Reentry Starts Here: A Guide for Youth in Long-Term Juvenile Corrections and Treatment Programs****(PDF, 36 pages)**This toolkit equips incarcerated minors with a guide on what to expect upon reentry and what footwork they should be doing both while they are still in a juvenile correctional facility and well after. The guide is organized into two sections: planning for reentry while in placement and successful reentry into your community. Included are descriptions regarding common barriers youth may encounter upon reentry as well as tools and action steps to help them overcome those barriers.

**You Got This! Educational Pathways for Youth Transitioning from Juvenile Justice Facilities****(PDF, 12 pages)**This guide offers youth who are transitioning from the juvenile justice system back into their communities and schools with a framework of tips and resources. It informs youth and professionals working closely with incarcerated youth of the rights juveniles are entitled to both within the system and at school. The guide includes a roadmap of juvenile detention to school re-enrollment, a re-enrollment checklist, community resources and organizations, a student bill of rights, and more.

## Resources for Practitioners, Local Governments, and/or Non-profits

**Improving Outcomes for Youth with Disabilities in Juvenile Corrections: Transition and Reentry****(PDF, 7 pages)**This source summarizes best practices for helping youth with disabilities transition out of the juvenile justice system and reenter their communities. Included within the document are countless resources and websites with information for previously incarcerated youth and youth with disabilities, parents and families of incarcerated youth, as well as educators and other after-care community partners.

**Making the Right Turn: A Research Update on Evidence-Based and Promising Post-Exit Supports for Formerly Incarcerated Youth****(PDF, 28 pages)**This research brief describes evidence-based and promising post-exist supports for formerly incarcerated youth. The brief describes support approaches to be implemented by practitioners dealing with newly released youth and their families at the following levels: school-based preparatory experiences, career preparation and work-based learning experiences, youth development and leadership opportunities, connecting activities (supporting and community services), and family involvement and supports.

**National Reentry Resource Center (NRRC)**This center provides education, training, and technical assistance to states, tribes, territories, local governments, service providers, non-profit organizations, and corrections institutions working on prisoner reentry. The website highlights announcements, current research, and policy changes related to incarcerated youth and adults.

**Reentry Employment Opportunities (REO)**This program provides funding for justice-involved youth and young adults and adults who were formerly incarcerated. The mission is to inform the public workforce system on how best to serve this population. A main goal is to develop strategies and partnerships that will facilitate the implementation of successful programs at the state and local levels that will improve the workforce outcomes for this population.

**Ten Core Competencies for Youth and Young Adult Centered Mental Health Systems****(PDF, 25 pages)**This report addresses existing gaps in youth and young-adult mental health systems, and they reflect values that translate into skills, attitudes, knowledge, and abilities of system participants.

## References

1 Bilchik & Altschuler, 20102 Schubert & Mulvey 2014; Schubert, Mulvey & Glasheen 2011; OJJDP, 20173 Brock, O’Cummings & Milligan, 20084 Nellis & Wayman, 2009, p. 55 Nellis & Wayman, 20096 Brock, O’Cummings & Milligan, 20087 The Sentencing Project, 20108 The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2017; Wolff et al., 2015; Fox et al., 20159 Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 201710 Grunwald, et al., 201011 Grunwald, et al., 2010

## Other Resources on this Topic

### Agencies 

                          - National Institute of Justice
                          - Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
                          - Tribal Justice and Safety

### Announcements 

                          - 2022 National Crime Victims’ Service Awards Recipients Announced
                          - 2023 Advancing Racial Justice and Equity in Youth Legal Systems Certificate Program
                          - 50th Anniversary of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA)
                          - Brightly-Colored Fentanyl Used to Target Young Americans
                          - Department of Justice Awards More Than $136 Million to Support Youth and Reform the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Department of Justice Awards Nearly $105 Million to Protect Children from Exploitation, Trauma, and Abuse
                          - Event: National Conference on Juvenile Justice
                          - Fact Sheet: System Involvement Among LBQ Girls and Women
                          - How to Connect to OJJDP TTA
                          - National Drug Court Month
                          - National Youth Justice Awareness Month, 2015
                          - OJJDP’s Fiscal Year 2021 Discretionary Awards Total Nearly $344 Million
                          - Opportunity: Call for Lightning Talk and Poster Submissions
                          - Podcast: Justice Matters
                          - Report: Coordination to Reduce Barriers to Reentry: Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and Beyond
                          - Report: Data Snapshot on Hispanic Youth Delinquency Cases
                          - Report: Drug and Alcohol Use Reported by Youth in Juvenile Facilities, 2008–2018
                          - Report: Healing Indigenous Lives: Native Youth Town Halls
                          - Report: Juvenile Court Statistics 2014
                          - Report: Juveniles Incarcerated in U.S. Adults Jails and Prisons, 2002–2021
                          - Report: Mentoring in Juvenile Treatment Drug Courts
                          - Report: Patterns of Juvenile Court Referrals of Youth Born in 2000
                          - Report: PREA Data Collection Activities, Calendar Year 2022
                          - Report: Referrals to Law Enforcement and School-Related Arrests in U.S. Public Schools During the 2020-21 School Year
                          - Report: Spotlight on Girls in the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Report: Spotlight on Juvenile Justice Initiatives: A State by State Survey
                          - Report: Student Discipline and School Climate in U.S. Public Schools
                          - Report: Substantiated Incidents of Sexual Victimization Reported by Juvenile Justice Authorities, 2013–2018
                          - Report: The Impact of COVID-19 on Juvenile Justice Systems: Practice Changes, Lessons Learned, and Future Considerations
                          - Report: The Prevalence of Safe, Stable, Nurturing Relationships Among Children and Adolescents
                          - Request for Information: Programs and Strategies for Justice–Involved Young Adults
                          - Resource: 5 Ways Juvenile Court Judges Can Use Data
                          - Resource: A Law Enforcement Official’s Guide to the OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model
                          - Resource: Activate: The Center to Bring Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Research to Youth-Supporting Professionals
                          - Resource: Adverse Childhood Experiences Capacity Assessment Tool Roadmap
                          - Resource: Answering the Call
                          - Resource: Archived Webinar – Multi-Tiered Systems of Support in Residential Juvenile Facilities
                          - Resource: Arrests of Youth Declined Through 2020
                          - Resource: Beyond the Box
                          - Resource: Changing Prison Culture Reduces Violence
                          - Resource: Child Victims and Witnesses Support Materials
                          - Resource: Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice System Involvement
                          - Resource: Child Welfare in the News
                          - Resource: Common Problems, Common Solutions: Looking Across Sectors at Strategies for Supporting Rural Youth and Families Tool-Kit
                          - Resource: Community Violence Intervention: The Chicago Story
                          - Resource: Complex Trauma Fact Sheets
                          - Resource: Core Youth Outcomes in Youth of Color
                          - Resource: Court Improvement Programs: Collaboration Between Child Welfare Agencies and Legal and Judicial Communities
                          - Resource: Data Snapshot: Youth Victims of Suicide and Homicide
                          - Resource: Dear Colleague Letter: Court-Imposed Fees and Fines for Youth
                          - Resource: Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Court, 2019
                          - Resource: Department of Justice Awards Nearly $105 Million To Protect Children From Exploitation, Trauma and Abuse
                          - Resource: Diversion Programs I-Guide
                          - Resource: Drug Courts
                          - Resource: Emoji Drug Code: Decoded
                          - Resource: Facility Characteristics of Sexual Victimization of Youth in Juvenile Facilities, 2018
                          - Resource: Family-Based Justice Center
                          - Resource: Family-Based Justice Center
                          - Resource: Federal Justice Statistics Program 2020-2021 Datasets
                          - Resource: Five Things
                          - Resource: Five Things About Juvenile Delinquency Intervention and Treatment
                          - Resource: Focused Deterrence of High-Risk Individuals: Response Guide No. 13
                          - Resource: Guide for Drafting or Revising Tribal Juvenile Delinquency and Status Offense Laws
                          - Resource: Highlights From the 2020 Juvenile Residential Facility Census
                          - Resource: Improving Youth Defense
                          - Resource: Interactions Between Youth and Law Enforcement
                          - Resource: Judicial Leadership for Community-Based Alternatives to Juvenile Secure Confinement
                          - Resource: Juvenile Court Statistics 2021
                          - Resource: Juvenile Residential Facility Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic
                          - Resource: Juveniles in Residential Placement, 2019
                          - Resource: Key Considerations for Applying an Equity Lens to Collaborative Practice
                          - Resource: Let's Talk Podcast - The Offical National Runaway Safeline Podcast
                          - Resource: Leveraging the Every Student Succeeds Act to Improve Educational Services in Juvenile Justice Facilities
                          - Resource: Literature Review on Teen Dating Violence
                          - Resource: Literature Review: Children Exposed to Violence
                          - Resource: Mentoring as a Component of Reentry
                          - Resource: Mentoring for Enhancing Career Interests and Exploration
                          - Resource: Mentoring for Enhancing School Attendance, Academic Performance, and Educational Attainment
                          - Resource: National Juvenile Drug Treatment Court Dashboard
                          - Resource: OJJDP Urges System Reform During Youth Justice Action Month (YJAM)
                          - Resource: Preventing Youth Hate Crimes & Identity-Based Bullying Fact Sheet
                          - Resource: Prevention and Early Intervention Efforts Seek to Reduce Violence by Youth and Youth Recruitment by Gangs
                          - Resource: Probation Reform: A Toolkit for State Advisory Groups (SAGs)
                          - Resource: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Processing of Delinquency Cases
                          - Resource: Raising the Bar: Creating and Sustaining Quality Education Services in Juvenile Detention
                          - Resource: Reentry Matters: Voices of Experience
                          - Resource: Resilience, Opportunity, Safety, Education, Strength (ROSES) Program
                          - Resource: Suicide and Homicide Death Rates Among Youth and Young Adults Aged 10–24: United States, 2001–2021
                          - Resource: Support for Child Victims and Witnesses of Human Trafficking
                          - Resource: Support for Prosecutors Who Work with Youth
                          - Resource: The Fight Against Rampant Gun Violence: Data-Driven Scientific Research Will Light the Way
                          - Resource: The Mentoring Toolkit 2.0: Resources for Developing Programs for Incarcerated Youth
                          - Resource: The National Center for Youth with Diverse Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity & Expression (The National SOGIE Center) 
                          - Resource: Toolkit for Implementing Authentic Youth Engagement Strategies Within State Advisory Groups
                          - Resource: Trends and Characteristics of Delinquency Cases Handled in Juvenile Court, 2020
                          - Resource: Trends and Characteristics of Youth in Residential Placement, 2021
                          - Resource: Trends in Youth Arrests for Violent Crimes
                          - Resource: Updates to Statistical Briefing Book
                          - Resource: Updates to Statistical Briefing Book on Homicide Data
                          - Resource: We Meet Them Where They Are: The Importance of Mentoring as a Component of Youth Gang Violence Intervention
                          - Resource: What Youth Say About Their Reentry Needs
                          - Resource: Youth and the Juvenile Justice System: 2022 National Report
                          - Resource: Youth Justice Action Month (YJAM) Toolkit
                          - Resource: Youth Justice Action Month: A Message from John Legend
                          - Resource: Youth Reentry and Family Engagement
                          - Resource: Youth Voice in Juvenile Justice Research
                          - Resource: Youths with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Respect Youth Stories: A Toolkit for Advocates to Ethically Engage in Youth Justice Storytelling
                          - Second Chance Month: April 2023
                          - Share with Youth: Youth Reentry Technical Assistance (YRTA) Center Fellowship Program
                          - Webinar Archive: Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Meeting
                          - Webinar Recording: Building Parent Leadership and Power to Support Faster, Lasting Reunification and Prevent System Involvement
                          - Webinar Recording: Don’t Leave Us Out: Tapping ARPA for Older Youth
                          - Webpage: Youth Violence Intervention Initiative
                          - Youth Voices Have Moved to YE4C

### Collaboration Profiles 

                          - Providing Unbiased Services for LGBTQ Youth Project
                          - Youth M.O.V.E. National: Making a Difference through Youth-Adult Partnerships
                          - Youth M.O.V.E. National: Making a Difference through Youth-Adult Partnerships

### Conferences 

                          - 2015 NDTAC National Conference Materials

### Data Sources 

                          - Bureau of Justice Statistics
                          - National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
                          - National Youth Gang Survey Analysis
                          - Uniform Crime Reports

### Feature Articles 

                          - Correctional Education Guidance Package
                          - CrimeSolutions.gov Website Launched
                          - Department of Education Opportunity: Performance Partnership Pilots for Disconnected Youth
                          - Gang Prevention: An Overview of Research and Programs
                          - Just Launched! Redesigned YE4C
                          - Keeping youth in school and out of the justice system
                          - Myth Busters: National Reentry and Medicaid
                          - Programs and Strategies for Justice–Involved Young Adults
                          - Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach
                          - Secretary Duncan Hosts First Meeting with National Council of Young Leaders

### Programs 

                          - Gang Resistance and Education Program
                          - OJP Releases FY 2015 Program Plan for Funding Initiatives
                          - Reintegration of ExOffenders Program

### Publications 

                          - 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment
                          - A Comparison of Four Restorative Conferencing Models
                          - Aftercare Services
                          - Amber Alert: Best Practices
                          - Balanced and Restorative Justice for Juveniles: A Framework for Juvenile Justice in the 21st Century
                          - Behavioral Health Problems, Treatment, and Outcomes in Serious Youthful Offenders
                          - Changing Lives: Prevention and Intervention to Reduce Serious Offending
                          - Comprehensive Responses to Youth At Risk: Interim Findings From the SafeFutures Initiative
                          - Criminal Career Patterns
                          - Curriculum for Training Educators of Youth in Confinement
                          - Developmental Sequences of Girls’ Delinquent Behavior
                          - Economic Costs of Youth Disadvantage and High-Return Opportunities for Change
                          - Employment and Training for Court-Involved Youth
                          - Explanations for Offending
                          - Facilitating Cross-System Collaboration: A Primer on Child Welfare, Alcohol and Other Drug Services, and Courts
                          - Fact Sheet: Disproportionate Minority Contact
                          - Federal Advisory Committee on Juvenile Justice Issues 2013 Report
                          - Federal Justice Statistics, 2010
                          - First Issue of Journal of Juvenile Justice Available
                          - From the Courthouse to the Schoolhouse: Making Successful Transitions
                          - Functional Impairment in Delinquent Youth
                          - Graphic Novels for Youth in Custody
                          - Growth of Youth Gang Problems in the United States: 1970-98
                          - Highlights of the 2010 National Youth Gang Survey
                          - Implementation of the Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Program
                          - Improving Literacy Skills of Juvenile Detainees
                          - Intensive Aftercare for High-Risk Juveniles: A Community Care Model
                          - Intensive Parole Model for High-Risk Juvenile Offenders
                          - Interim Report for the Department of Labor Youth Offender Demonstration Project: Process Evaluation
                          - Juvenile Arrests 2011
                          - Juvenile Correctional Education: A Time for Change
                          - Juvenile Court Statistics 2009
                          - Juvenile Justice Bulletin: Gang Prevention
                          - Juvenile Justice Bulletin: Juvenile Transfer Laws
                          - Juvenile Mentoring Program: 1998 Report to Congress
                          - Juvenile Mentoring Program: A Progress Review
                          - Juveniles in Residential Placement, 2010
                          - Make a Friend-Be a Peer Mentor
                          - Mentoring-A Proven Delinquency Prevention Strategy
                          - Mobilizing Communities To Prevent Juvenile Crime
                          - National Children’s Mental Health Awareness Day 2013 Short Report, May 9, 2013
                          - National Partnership for Juvenile Services Launches Online Journal
                          - Native American Traditional Justice Practices
                          - OJJDP Annual Report 2012: How OJJDP Is Working for Youth Justice and Safety
                          - OJJDP Family Listening Sessions: Executive Summary
                          - OJJDP Releases Fact Sheet on Delinquency Cases in Criminal Courts
                          - OJJDP Releases Fact Sheet on Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Courts
                          - OJJDP’s Model Programs Guide Adds Three Literature Reviews
                          - OJJDP’s Statistical Briefing Book - 2012
                          - Prediction and Risk/Needs Assessment
                          - Predictors of Youth Violence
                          - Promoting Recovery and Resilience for Children and Youth Involved in Juvenile Justice and Child Welfare Systems
                          - Prosecution, Transfer, and Registration of Serious Juvenile Sex Offenders
                          - PTSD, Trauma, and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Detained Youth
                          - Reintegrating Juvenile Offenders Into the Community: OJJDP's Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration Program
                          - Reintegration, Supervised Release, and Intensive Aftercare
                          - Risk Assessment for Adolescents
                          - Serving Youth in Confinement
                          - Socioeconomic Mapping and Resource Topography
                          - Special Education and the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Spring 2014 Issue of Journal of Juvenile Justice
                          - Stories of Change Among Justice-Involved American Indian Youth
                          - Successful Program Implementation: Lessons Learned from Blueprints
                          - Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Detained Youth
                          - Survey of Youth in Residential Placement (SYRP) 2003
                          - The Impact of Gangs on Communities
                          - The Northwestern Juvenile Project: Overview
                          - Trauma-informed Care and Outcomes Among Youth
                          - Victims, Judges, and Juvenile Court Reform Through Restorative Justice
                          - Women and Girls in the Corrections System
                          - You’re an Adult Now: Youth Offenders in Adult Corrections
                          - Young Offenders: What Happens and What Should Happen

### Resources 

                          - Alaska Native Tribal Courts Gain Right to Protect Women in Domestic Violence Cases
                          - Community-Based Responses to Justice-Involved Young Adults
                          - Creating and Maintaining Good Relationships Between Juvenile Justice and Education Agencies
                          - Data Dashboards to Support Title I, Part D Program Administration: A Step-By-Step Guide
                          - Fact Sheet: Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Courts, 2013
                          - Fact Sheet: Solitary Confinement Banned for Juveniles in Federal Prisons
                          - Gender-Specific Programming
                          - Juvenile Arrests 2012
                          - Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2014 National Report
                          - Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2012: Selected Findings
                          - New Modules Developed for Sexual Assault Advocate/Counselor Training
                          - New Reports Highlight OJJDP’s Tribal Green Reentry Grantee Experiences
                          - New Title I, Part D Data Collection Resource
                          - OJJDP Bulletin: Deterrence Among High-Risk Adolescents
                          - OJJDP News @ a Glance, January/February 2015
                          - OJJDP News @ a Glance, May/June 2015
                          - OJJDP Releases Research on Youth's Mental Health Needs and Long-Term Outcomes after Detention
                          - OJJDP Safe Start Center
                          - OJJDP Updates National DMC Data to Statistical Briefing Book
                          - OJJDP, MENTOR Launch National Mentoring Resource Center
                          - OJJDP's Pathways to Desistance Bulletins Now Available in E-Book Format
                          - OJJDP’s Model Programs Guide Adds Three Literature Reviews
                          - Policy Guidance: Girls and the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Promote Your Youth Program
                          - Quality Education Services Are Critical for Youth Involved With the Juvenile Justice and Child Welfare Systems
                          - Report: 2015 Federal Advisory Committee on Juvenile Justice Recommendations
                          - Report: Co-Offending Among Adolescents in Violence Victimizations, 2004-13
                          - Report: Data Snapshot on Hispanic Youth Delinquency Cases
                          - Report: Defend Children: A Blueprint for Effective Juvenile Defender Services
                          - Report: Developmentally Appropriate Criminal Justice Responses to Justice-Involved Young Adults
                          - Report: Evaluations of OJJDP’s Juvenile Justice Reform and Reinvestment Initiative
                          - Report: Expanding Access to Justice, Strengthening Federal Programs
                          - Report: Impact of Domestic Violence Policies and Practices on Girls and Young Women
                          - Report: Judicially-Led Responses to Eliminate School Pathways to the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Report: Juvenile Court Statistics
                          - Report: Juvenile Court Statistics 2014
                          - Report: Juveniles in Residential Placement, 2013
                          - Report: Mentoring in Juvenile Treatment Drug Courts
                          - Report: National Juvenile Probation Office Survey
                          - Report: Recommendations of the LGBT Subcommittee: Advancing the Reform Process for LGBQ/GNCT Youth in the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Report: Sexual Victimization in Prisons, Jails, and Juvenile Correctional Facilities
                          - Report: Spotlight on Girls in the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Report: Spotlight on Juvenile Justice Initiatives: A State by State Survey
                          - Report: The Prevalence of Safe, Stable, Nurturing Relationships Among Children and Adolescents
                          - Resource: 5 Ways Juvenile Court Judges Can Use Data
                          - Resource: A Guide to the Guidelines: Practical Tips for Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts to Implement
                          - Resource: Arts-Based Programs and Arts Therapies Literature Review
                          - Resource: Arts-Based Programs and Arts Therapies Webpage
                          - Resource: Beyond the Box Resource Guide
                          - Resource: Building a School Responder Model
                          - Resource: Child Labor Trafficking
                          - Resource: Data Snapshot on Youth Residential Facilities
                          - Resource: Diversion Programs I-Guide
                          - Resource: Drug Courts
                          - Resource: Engage, Involve, Empower: Family Engagement in Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts
                          - Resource: Focused Deterrence of High-Risk Individuals: Response Guide No. 13
                          - Resource: Improving Outcomes for Youth with Disabilities in Juvenile Corrections
                          - Resource: Increasing Access to Higher Education for Justice-Involved Individuals
                          - Resource: Interactions Between Youth and Law Enforcement
                          - Resource: Juvenile Drug Treatment Court Guidelines
                          - Resource: Leveraging the Every Student Succeeds Act to Improve Educational Services in Juvenile Justice Facilities
                          - Resource: Mentoring as a Component of Reentry
                          - Resource: New Title I, Part D Data Collection Guide
                          - Resource: OJJDP Policy: Monitoring of State Compliance with the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
                          - Resource: OJJDP Updates Juvenile Homicide Data to Statistical Briefing Book
                          - Resource: Raising the Bar: Creating and Sustaining Quality Education Services in Juvenile Detention
                          - Resource: Statistical Briefing Book
                          - Resource: The Mentoring Toolkit 2.0: Resources for Developing Programs for Incarcerated Youth
                          - Resource: Tribal Access to Justice Innovation
                          - Resource: Updated Model Indian Juvenile Code
                          - Resource: Updates to Statistical Briefing Book
                          - Resource: Updates to Statistical Briefing Book on Homicide Data
                          - Resource: Updates to Statistical Briefing Book on Juveniles in Residential Placement
                          - Resource: Updates to Statistical Briefing Book on Law Enforcement and Court Data
                          - Resource: Youths with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Resources on Trauma and Youth in the Juvenile Justice System; Trauma Among Girls in the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Resources on Trauma and Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: Assessing Exposure to Psychological Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress in the Juvenile Justice Population
                          - Resources on Trauma and Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: Evidence-Informed Interventions for Posttraumatic Stress Problems with Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System
                          - Second Chance Pell Pilot Program for Incarcerated Individuals
                          - Share with Youth: Educational Pathways for Youth Transitioning from Juvenile Justice Facilities
                          - Support for Child Victims and Witnesses of Human Trafficking
                          - The Effects of Adolescent Development on Policing
                          - Tip Sheet: Federal Resources and Initiatives for Youth Who Are Neglected, Delinquent, or At Risk
                          - Trainings: Substance Abuse Treatment, Child Welfare, and Court Professionals
                          - Tribal Crime Data Collection Activities, 2015

### Technical Assistance 

                          - Bureau of Justice Assistance Training and Technical Assistance
                          - National Juvenile Justice Evaluation Center
                          - National Reentry Resource Center
                          - National Training and Technical Assistance Center - Juvenile Justice Programs
                          - The National Center on Education, Disability, and Juvenile Justice (EDJJ)
                          - Tribal Youth Training and Technical Assistance Center

### Tools & Guides 

                          - 3 Bold Steps for School Community Change
                          - CJCA Toolkit for Reducing the Use of Isolation
                          - CrimeSolutions.gov
                          - Departments of Justice, Education Release: Correctional Education Guidance Package for Serving Juvenile Justice System-Involved Youth
                          - Desktop Guide to Quality Practice for Working With Youth in Confinement
                          - Grants 101:  A Resource from Department of Justice
                          - IACP Youth Focused Policing: Program Impact Tools
                          - National Institute of Corrections
                          - OJJDP Updates Statistical Briefing Book
                          - Performance Measures Resources
                          - Problem-Oriented Guides for Police
                          - Resource: A Law Enforcement Official’s Guide to the OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model
                          - Resource: Re-Entry Education Toolkit
                          - Risk and Protective Factors Data Tool

### Training Resources 

                          - IACP Launches Online Training Series on Juvenile Interviewing and Interrogation

### Videos & Podcasts 

                          - Supporting the Success of Youth in Juvenile Justice Settings
                          - Understanding Teen Dating Violence

### Webinars & Presentations 

                          - NDTAC Explores What It Takes To Make Youth in Justice Settings College and Career Ready
                          - Webinar: NDTAC Examines the Provision of Free Appropriate Education for Youth With Disabilities in Juvenile Secure Care

### Websites 

                          - Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
                          - Disproportionate Minority Contact
                          - Federal Bureau of Prisons
                          - Gangs (Security Threat Groups)
                          - National Gang Center
                          - National Girls Institute
                          - Resource: How OJJDP Is Meeting the Needs of At-Risk and Justice-Involved LGBTQI-GNC Youth
                          - Resource: National Resource Center on School-Justice Partnerships Website

### Youth Topics 

                          - Juvenile Justice
                          - Suicide Prevention
                          - Trafficking Prevention
                          - Violence Prevention

## Youth Briefs

How Individualized Education Program (IEP) Transition Planning Makes a Difference for Youth with Disabilities
Youth who receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 2004) and especially young adults of transition age, should be involved in planning for life after high school as early as possible and no later than age 16. Transition services should stem from the individual youth’s needs and strengths, ensuring that planning takes into account his or her interests, preferences, and desires for the future.

Youth Transitioning to Adulthood: How Holding Early Leadership Positions Can Make a Difference
Research links early leadership with increased self-efficacy and suggests that leadership can help youth to develop decision making and interpersonal skills that support successes in the workforce and adulthood. In addition, young leaders tend to be more involved in their communities, and have lower dropout rates than their peers. Youth leaders also show considerable benefits for their communities, providing valuable insight into the needs and interests of young people

How Trained Service Professionals and Self-Advocacy Makes a Difference for Youth with Mental Health, Substance Abuse, or Co-occurring Issues
Statistics reflecting the number of youth suffering from mental health, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders highlight the necessity for schools, families, support staff, and communities to work together to develop targeted, coordinated, and comprehensive transition plans for young people with a history of mental health needs and/or substance abuse.

Young Adults Formerly in Foster Care: Challenges and Solutions
Nearly 30,000 youth aged out of foster care in Fiscal Year 2009, which represents nine percent of the young people involved in the foster care system that year. This transition can be challenging for youth, especially youth who have grown up in the child welfare system.

Coordinating Systems to Support Transition Age Youth with Mental Health Needs
Research has demonstrated that as many as one in five children/youth have a diagnosable mental health disorder. Read about how coordination between public service agencies can improve treatment for these youth.

Civic Engagement Strategies for Transition Age Youth
Civic engagement has the potential to empower young adults, increase their self-determination, and give them the skills and self-confidence they need to enter the workforce. Read about one youth’s experience in AmeriCorps National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC).

## Main navigation

- Juvenile Justice
- Youth Involved with the Juvenile Justice System
- Judicially Waived Cases
- Risk & Protective Factors
- Connections with Youth in the Child Welfare System
- Prevention & Early Intervention
- Points of Intervention
- Reentry
- Diversion Programs
- Federal- & State-Level Data
- References

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## Latest Resources

### Announcements

Event: National Conference on Juvenile Justice

Resource: Juvenile Court Statistics 2021

Print and Disseminate Child Victims and Witnesses Support Materials (Funding Opportunity)

### Collaboration Profiles

Providing Unbiased Services for LGBTQ Youth Project

Youth M.O.V.E. National: Making a Difference through Youth-Adult Partnerships

Youth M.O.V.E. National: Making a Difference through Youth-Adult Partnerships

### Feature Articles

Just Launched! Redesigned YE4C

Programs and Strategies for Justice–Involved Young Adults

CrimeSolutions.gov Website Launched

### Publications

Economic Costs of Youth Disadvantage and High-Return Opportunities for Change

Prosecution, Transfer, and Registration of Serious Juvenile Sex Offenders

Young Offenders: What Happens and What Should Happen

### Resources

Support for Child Victims and Witnesses of Human Trafficking

Resource: Interactions Between Youth and Law Enforcement

Resource: Updates to Statistical Briefing Book

### Youth Topics

Juvenile Justice

Suicide Prevention

Violence Prevention