TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-05-00632-CR

Jesse Edmon Washington, Appellant

v.

The State of Texas, Appellee

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 403RD JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. 2030206, HONORABLE BRENDA KENNEDY, JUDGE PRESIDING

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

The trial court found appellant Jesse Edmon Washington guilty of state-jail felony

possession of marihuana and sentenced him to two years imprisonment, probated for four years. See

Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 481.121 (West 2003). On appeal, he raises only one issue,

arguing that he is entitled to a new trial because the reporter’s record from a pretrial hearing on his

motion to suppress is missing. See Tex. R. App. P. 34.6(f). We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Washington filed a motion to suppress, and a hearing was held on the motion before

Judge Coronado on May 7, 2004. Judge Coronado denied the motion, and trial was held before

Judge Kennedy on May 5, 2005. At trial, Washington’s attorney conducted extensive crossexamination of the arresting officer regarding the propriety of the stop and argued that the stop was

improper and that all evidence seized as a result should be suppressed. Judge Kennedy denied

Washington’s motion and found him guilty of marihuana possession. While this case was pending

on appeal, we twice abated it to the trial court, first for a hearing to determine whether Washington
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wanted to pursue his appeal and second to determine whether “all grounds for suppression and all

evidence relevant to the suppression issue are contained in the trial record,” noting that the record

from the trial “reflects that the legality of the search and seizure was litigated at Washington’s trial.”

At the first hearing, held on March 30, 2006, Washington’s attorney appeared and

stated that he had not been able to locate the court reporter who made the record for the pretrial

suppression hearing. He stated, “Pretrial has got a good suppression issue, but I’ve got to have a

record to do it with.” The trial court concluded that Washington wanted to pursue his appeal and

that counsel was diligently attempting to obtain a complete reporter’s record. The second hearing

was held on June 12, and Washington’s attorney failed to appear. At that hearing, the trial court

stated that “all pretrial matters were litigated fully, not only at the time of trial, but also by scheduled

pretrial hearings . . . . So this Court is of the belief that all pretrial matters have been litigated fully.”

The court further stated, “based on its knowledge of this case as well as on conversations with the

State’s attorney, who is now present at this hearing, that the suppression issue is a re-litigation of

those issues raised at pretrial hearing previously.” 

Rule 34.6(f) provides that an appellant is entitled to a new trial when a timely

requested reporter’s record is lost or destroyed if the missing record comprises a “significant portion”

of the record, the lost record cannot be replaced by the agreement of the parties, and the lost portion

“is necessary to the appeal’s resolution.” Id. (emphasis added). It is undisputed that a portion of the

reporter’s record is missing due to no fault of Washington’s, and the State concedes that we need not

presume that the missing portion of the record supported the trial court’s determination. See

Routier v. State, 112 S.W.3d 554, 570-71 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003) (quoting Gamble v. State, 590

S.W.2d 507, 508 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979)) (when all or part of record is missing, circumstances
 The State contends that Washington has not shown that he diligently sought the record. 1

Although Washington has not provided a detailed recitation of his efforts to obtain the missing

record, this Court inquired into the status of the record and “confirmed that the record from this

pretrial hearing cannot be found.” Washington v. State, No. 03-05-00632-CR (Tex. App.—Austin

Jan. 11, 2007) (show cause order). Thus, we will assume that Washington diligently attempted to

obtain a complete reporter’s record. The State also argues that Washington did not show that he and

the State were unable to agree on the content of the missing portion. Due to our resolution of the

“necessity” question, we need not address this issue.

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should be viewed from defendant’s standpoint and reasonable doubt resolved in his favor); see also

Rowell v. State, 66 S.W.3d 279, 281-82 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001) (rejecting State’s argument that

record omission is presumed to support trial court’s ruling; “It is no longer necessary, or sufficient,

for a party to argue that the appeal should be decided by hypotheses about missing portions

of the record.”). 

In this case, the question of the necessity of the missing portion of the record is

dispositive of the appeal. In asking whether a lost portion is necessary to the resolution of an 1

appeal, the court of criminal appeals has explained:

Rule 34.6(f)(3) specifies that a new trial may be granted only if the missing portion

of the record “is necessary to the appeal’s resolution.” That provision is itself a harm

analysis. If the missing portion of the record is not necessary to the appeal’s

resolution, then the loss of that portion of the record is harmless under the rule, and

a new trial is not required. In enacting that provision of the rule, we necessarily

rejected the contention that a missing record could never be found unnecessary to an

appeal’s resolution.

Issac v. State, 989 S.W.2d 754, 757 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). The defendant has the burden of

showing that the missing record is necessary to the resolution of the appeal. Doubrava v. State,

28 S.W.3d 148, 151 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2000, pet. ref’d).
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Although Washington asserts in his brief that “[d]efense counsel addressed the critical

issues at pretrial and not extensively at trial on the merits” and that “[c]ounsel relied on the record

from the pretrial at time of trial,” the record does not support his contentions. At the guilt/innocence

phase of trial, Washington did not refer the court to any arguments raised pretrial and never even

mentioned that the issue had been addressed pretrial before a different judge. In his questioning of

the arresting officer and his defensive arguments, he contended that the officer unreasonably

extended the detention beyond the time necessary to address the reasons for the stop—a defective

taillight and “license plate out”—and that Washington’s consent for the search of his car was

involuntary. After an earlier review of the record, we noted that arguments related to suppression

had been raised at trial and abated the cause for a hearing to determine whether all relevant evidence

and arguments were “contained in the trial record.” Counsel did not appearfor that hearing, at which

he could have attempted to show what arguments or evidence were not raised at trial. The trial court

concluded that “all pretrial matters,” which included Washington’s suppression arguments, were

fully litigated both pretrial and “at the time of trial.”

On appeal, Washington does not explain how the suppression issue was not fully

explored a second time at trial or attempt to explain what, if any, evidence or arguments were

considered pretrial but not at guilt/innocence. Instead, he simply states that counsel addressed the

critical issues pretrial and “not extensively at trial,” a statement he does not support with any

explanation or argument. Further, the trial court found that the issues were fully litigated at trial, and

Washington does not dispute this finding. Finally, Washington does not even advance an argument

on appeal that the evidence seized during the search should be suppressed. 
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Essentially, Washington simply points to the incompleteness of the record and asserts

that this, by itself, entitles him to a new trial. This case is similar to the facts presented in Routier,

in which the defendant asserted that prospective jurors might have been given erroneous instructions

in the missing portion of the record but did not raise a point of error regarding the instructions given.

112 S.W.3d at 571. The court of criminal appeals held:

The suggestion that instructions may have been erroneous, without more, does not

make that portion of the record necessary to her appeal. Also, as the State notes, the

instructions given to prospective jurors during the morning session were virtually

identical to the instructions given during the afternoon session. And Simmons [a

court reporter appointed to review the record] testified that the afternoon session that

she heard on tape was very similar to the notes from the morning session. The

appellant has not shown that the portion of the uncertified record dealing with

prospective jurors is necessary to her appeal. 

Id.

The trial court found and the record reflects that Washington’s suppression arguments

were made at trial, as well as in the missing pretrial hearing. Washington has not met his burden of

showing that the missing record is “necessary to the appeal’s resolution,” and we therefore overrule

his sole issue on appeal. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

___________________________________________

David Puryear, Justice

Before Chief Justice Law, Justices Puryear and Henson

Affirmed

Filed: August 31, 2007

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