Development of Improved Performance 

Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT) 

Performance Degradation Factors for the 

Air Warrior Program 

Lucia Salvi 

ARL-TR-2311 JANUARY 2001 

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 
The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position 

unless so designated by other authorized documents. 

Citation of manufacturer’s or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of 

the use thereof. 

Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to-the originator. 
Army Research Laboratory 

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 210055425 

ARL-TR-23 11 January 2001 

Development of Improved Performance 

Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT) 

Performance Degradation Factors for the 

Air Warrior Program 

Lucia Salvi 

Human Research & Engineering Directorate 

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 

i 
Abstract 

The Human Research & Engineering Directorate of the U.S. Army 

Research Laboratory was asked by the Program Manager for Aircrew 

Integrated Systems (PM ACIS) to examine the effects of clothing and 

individual equipment (CIE) and aircrew life support equipment 

(ALSE) on the performance of Army aviators. These effects were 

quantified in terms of the additional time needed to perform certain 

types of tasks as a direct result of the equipment and ensembles. 

Through the completion of detailed questionnaires by subject matter 

experts, estimates of performance were collected and analyzed, and a 

set of performance degradation factors was developed. 

This methodology was developed in concert with the modeling tool, 

the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT), in 

order to predict the effects of CIE and ALSE on mission- and systemlevel performance through detailed computer modeling. This methodology demonstrated success in converting otherwise subjective data 

into a quantifiable and generalizable modeling approach. 

ii 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The author wishes to express gratitude and acknowledge the contributions of 

Mr. Richard Adkins, Dynamics Research Corporation. Mr. Adkins was instrumental 

in providing historical information regarding the original stressors in the Improved 

Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT) and was able to help the author 

develop a compatible methodology for the Air Warrior Program. Mr. Adkins was 

also responsible for analyzing the contributions of the individual equipment items to 

the total ensemble performance degradation, and he is commended for this effort. 

The author thanks Dr. Laurel Allender and Mr. David Harrah of the U.S. Army 

Research Laboratory’s (ARL’s) Human Research and Engineering Directorate 

(HRED) for their guidance throughout the project and for their technical review of 

the manuscript. The author acknowledges Mr. Richard Tauson of ARL’s HRED for 

scheduling the group interviews and for allowing the data collection effort to follow 

these sessions and for his technical review of the manuscript. Thanks also to Dr. 

Edward Davis of ARL’s Survivability/Lethality Analysis Directorate for his 

thorough review of the manuscript and insightful comments. 
. 

INTE~~NALLY LEFT Bum 

iv 
Contents 

1. Introduction ...................................... 

2. Background ...................................... 

3. Method.. ........................................ 

3.1 Approach ...................................... 

3.2 Questionnaire Development. ......................... 

3.3 Questionnaire Administration ........................ 

4. Results and Discussion .............................. 

4.1 Demographic Data ................................ 

4.2 Data Organization ................................ 

4.3 Performance Degradation Factor Development. ............ 

4.4 Overall Comfort Ratings ............................ 

4.5 Reasons Associated With Degraded Performance ........... 

4.6 Analysis of Contributions of Individual Items to Ensemble 

Degradations ................................... 

4.7 Implications of NBC Mask Results ..................... 

5. An Example of Applying the Performance Degradation 

Factors ........................................... 

6. Preliminary Validation of Performance Degradation Factors . 

7. Conclusions ...................................... 

7.1 Methodology .................................... 

7.2 Recommendations ................................ 

References ............................................. 

Appendices 

1 

2 

7 

8 

9 

9 

10 

11 

13 

14 

16 

17 

20 

20 

20 

23 

A. Questionnaire and Instructions ........................ 

B. Listings of Specific Equipment Identified With Each Group Interview Session ..................................... 

C. Frequency Counts for the Reasons Associated With the Equipment 

Items and Ensembles and Their Respective Degradations ....... 

Distribution List ........................................ 

Report Documentation Page ............................... 

Tables 

27 

59 

63 

69 

75 

1. Five IMPRINT Stressors by Taxon. ...................... 3 

2. Questionnaires by Unit, Location, and Aircraft ............. 8 

3. Ranks of Participants .................... ; .......... 9 

V 
Equipment Items and Indicated Taxon Degradation . . . . . . . . . . 

Equipment Items and Modal Performance Degradation Factors by 

Taxon...................................... 

Equipment Items and Overall Comfort Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Most Frequently Given Reasons Associated With Taxon 

Performance Degradations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Mapping of IMPRINT Taxons to BRL Human Ability Codes . . . . 

Comparison of IMPRINT MOPP IV PDFs to Air Warrior PDFs 

for NBC Ensemble and NBC + Armor Ensemble . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11 

12 

12 

13 

19 

19 

vi 
I . 

DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED PERFORMANCE RESEARCH 

INTEGRATION TOOL (IMPRINT) PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION 

FACTORS FOR THE AIR WARRIOR PROGRAM 

1. Introduction 

Over the years, Army aviators have acquired and adapted clothing and 

individual equipment (CIE) and aircrew life support equipment (ALSE) for both 

routine and mission-specific scenarios. Historically, these items were developed 

by different organizations to meet specific requirements such as fire retardation, 

protection from weather, or protection from chemical environments. Although 

these items work well individually, they often fall short in terms of working as a 

fully integrated set because they were not designed to work as a system. This 

twofold effort identified problematic CIE and ALSE as well as quantified the 

degradation effects in terms of increased time to perform certain types of tasks. 

The Program Manager for Aircrew Integrated Systems (PM ACIS) asked the U.S. 

Army Research Laboratory (ARL) to examine the effects of CIE and ALSE on 

Army helicopter pilots and crews in four separate but related efforts. One effort 

involved using an anthropometric human figure modeling software, “Transom 

Jack” (Badler, Phillips, & Webber, 1993) to develop models of range of motion 

and reach envelopes within the Apache cockpit (Kozycki, 1998). Another effort 

used questionnaires with behavior-anchored ratings to address various issues 

such as the effects of mission-oriented protective posture (MOP) gear in cockpit 

simulators (Waugh et al., 1999). A third effort involved interviewing aircrew 

personnel in a semi-structured format to determine which items were currently 

acceptable, which items needed modification or replacement, and whether 

redesigns or procurements done at the local level could be adapted as the Army 

standard (Tauson, Doss, & Harrah, 1997). The fourth effort, conducted largely in 

conjunction with the semi-structured interviews and documented in this report, 

was to examine the effects of CIE and ALSE on the operational performance of 

Army aviators. These effects were quantified in terms of the additional time 

needed to perform selected types of tasks as a direct result of the CIE and 

ALSE. Estimates of the increased time to perform were solicited from subject 

matter experts (SMEs) (i.e., U.S. Army aviators) through the completion of a 

detailed questionnaire. The estimates were then compiled and analyzed, and a 

set of performance degradation factors (PDFs) was developed. These PDFs were 

then used as pre-processors for the task network-modeling tool, Improved 

Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT), to predict the effects of CIE 

and ALSE on mission- and system-level performance through detailed computer 

modeling. This methodology had a twofold outcome: 

R 

l Helped identify problems with current equipment, and : 

1 
l Facilitated future comparison and evaluation of proposed equipment 

configurations. 

2. Background 

IMPRINT, developed by the Human Research & Engineering Directorate of ARL, 

is a stochastic task network modeling tool designed to help assess the interaction 

of soldier and system performance throughout a system’s life cycle, from concept 

and design phases, through field exercises and system improvements. IMPRINT 

is discussed in detail in an ARL technical paper by Allender and others (1994). 

Incorporation of task analysis, workload modeling, embedded personnel 

characteristics data, and performance-shaping and degradation functions and 

stressors makes it a flexible and unique analytical tool. Degradation functions 

and stressors are conditions that impede or moderate human performance. A 

detailed discussion of the IMPRINT degradation functions and stressors is 

provided in a technical paper presented at a North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

(NATO) conference by Allender, Salvi, and Promise1 (1997). 

An IMPRINT analysis fundamentally builds upon a task analysis, which is a 

standard human factors approach. Initially, a system mission is decomposed 

into functions, and those functions are further decomposed into tasks. An 

intricate and complex branching logic determines how the functions and tasks are 

connected at their respective levels, indicating whether functions and tasks are 

repeated, performed simultaneously, serially, or probabilistically. It is at the 

basic task level, the lowest level, where detailed information such as accuracy 

and time data resides. In order to access the stressor capability in IMPRINT, a 

task must be even further defined by “taxons.” In IMPRINT, taxons are used to 

describe or categorize a task. Every task can be categorized with as many as 

three taxons, which depict inherent task characteristics. For example, the task 

repositioning a helicopter in flight may involve maneuvering the aircraft, which is 

classified as fine motor continuous, and giving or receiving information by radio, 

which is classified as communication (oral). Additionally, a weighting scheme is 

used to describe the degree to which a particular task manifests a particular 

taxon. In the previous example, repositioning a helicopter in flight, the task might 

be composed of 75% (.75) fin e motor continuous and 25% (.25) communication 

(oral). The weightings of the taxons for each task must sum to 100% (1.00). 

IMPRINT applies the environmental stressors or PDFs proportionally with 

respect to the taxons associated with each task. 

IMPRINT currently models the degrading effects on performance of various 

stressors, namely, MOW gear, heat, cold, noise, and sleep deprivation. These 

effects are manifested as increased time to perform a task or as decreased 

accuracy, or in the case of sleep deprivation, both. As indicated in Table 1, not 

2 
all types of tasks are affected by all the stressors. This is not to imply that there 

are no possible effects on these task types but rather that there were limitations 

in data availability at the time of IMPRINT development. Although the best 

available data and research were used, they may not have been all inclusive for a 

number of factors. One reason is that studies may have focused on certain types 

of tasks, thereby leaving a void for the balance of task types. 

Table 1. Five IMPRINT Stressors by Taxon 

Taxon 

Stressor 

Sleep 

MOW Heat Cold Noise deprivation 

Visual T A T 

Numerical A TA 

Cognitive A TA 

Fine motor discrete T A T 

Fine motor continuous 

Gross motor light T T 

Gross motor heavy 

Communication (read &write) A 

Communication (oral) T A A 

T = affects time only 

A = affects accuracy only 

TA = affects task time and accuracy 

Efforts are currently under way to identify research that can be used to validate, 

revise, and expand the current stressors to fill these voids. Research areas that 

point to new stressors that are of interest and could potentially be incorporated 

into IMIWNT are also being identified. A comprehensive literature search 

conducted by MicroAnalysis and Design (MA&D) and Dynamics Research 

Corporation (DRC) suggests that there are some new stressors that affect human 

performance and are potential candidates for inclusion in IMPRINT: vibration, 

circadian rhythm, altitude, and nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) 

contamination. Also, some of the existing embedded stressors (specifically, sleep 

deprivation and MOPP effects on accuracy) can be revised and expanded (DRC 

and MA&D, 1999). However, for the most part, the data gaps shown in Table 1 

are still valid because there is no supporting research to fill these gaps at this 

time. There is a lack of quantitative human performance data that are compatible 

with IMPRINT’s data structure and format and can be readily implemented. 

Table 1 details IMPRINT task types or taxons and their associated stressors. It 

also indicates whether task performance is degraded by time (T), accuracy (A), 

or both (TA). 

3 
PDFs function as multiplicative values for time or accuracy. Therefore, the 

degradation factors affecting time will be greater than 1.0 in order to increase the 

performance time. On the other hand, the degradation factors affecting accuracy 

will be less than 1.0 in order to decrease the performance accuracy from the preexisting level. The overall degradation resulting from a specified stressor is 

directly proportional to the weighting assigned to the affected taxon that the 

task comprises. 

IMPRINT’s capability to model degraded performance pertaining to the full range 

of environmental states provides the modeling infrastructure for evaluating the 

effectiveness of aircrew CIE and ALSE. However, IMPRINT’s current level of 

detail is inadequate for assessing the effects of individual equipment items. 

Therefore, the present study was conducted. 

3. Method 

3.1 Approach 

The approach was to collect subjective rating data for the estimated degradation 

effects of individual items of clothing, equipment, and ensembles on the time to 

perform different types of tasks. These data were collected in tandem with 

another part of ARL’s Air Warrior effort involving semi-structured group 

interviews with aircrews to identify specific equipment problems and discuss the 

ramifications of these problems and possible solutions (Tauson et al., 1997). In 

addition, because of resource constraints, it was not feasible to collect empirical 

data about the effects of CIE and ALSE on task performance. Earlier human 

factors research used questionnaires to gather performance degradation 

estimates; in fact, some notable work conducted by the Defense Nuclear Agency 

(DNA) is worth mentioning here. The DNA developed questionnaires to solicit 

task time estimates for conducting selected combat activities during perceived 

stressor conditions from groups of SMEs. The stressor conditions undergoing 

study were various levels of radiation exposure and contamination~by chemical 

agents, where direct study, of course, was prohibited. This work is discussed in 

detail in a report by Anno, Dore, and Roth (1996). Anno and co-workers found 

good inter-rater reliability for their particular instrument, which was then used as 

a model for the work reported here. 

The conventional measures of performance for military tasks are usually time or 

accuracy, although some degree of interdependency is expected. Although both 

of these performance measures can be used as model parameters in IMPRINT, 

the focus of this study was solely on the time parameter. Again, the DNA work 

is cited as a precedent: 

4 
Previous DNA/Intermediate Dose Program (IDP) questionnaire 

efforts found that accuracy is a difficult concept for soldiers to 

relate to in their roles as SMEs, especially as they view many of 

the tasks they perform as either being “completed” or “not 

completed,” without specifically accounting for delays that might 

be due to reduced accuracy. 

It was thus concluded that in order to obtain reliable and consistent estimates 

from SMEs, task performance estimates would be confined to time only. 

Therefore, based on the DNA work and supporting evidence that questionnaires 

are relatively inexpensive to administer, provide fast feedback, and can be used 

in conjunction with previously scheduled semi-structured SME group interviews, 

it was decided that a questionnaire would be an appropriate vehicle to collect 

time performance degradation estimates for the IMF’RlNT modeling effort. 

3.2 Questionnaire Development 

Although there is an officially prescribed list of CIE and ALSE, it was believed at 

the outset that Army aviation units tailor the set to fit local needs, and this was 

subsequently found to be the case in this study. Therefore, in order to 

accommodate any mission-specific or unique equipment items that a given 

aviation unit used, the questionnaires were designed to be administered after 

semi-structured group interviews were conducted for the third ARL Air Warrior 

effort. During these group interviews, listings of the specific equipment items 

used by that unit were developed. (The information gathered during these group 

interviews is documented in an ARL report by Tauson et al. [1997]). The 

questionnaires could thus be individually tailored to the respective units. 

Questionnaires consisted of a demographics section and 26 separate rating 

sheets-one sheet for each equipment item or ensemble identified during the 

interview. The questionnaire was designed to collect four types of data items 

relative to each clothing or individual equipment item. A complete copy of the 

questionnaire and instructions is presented in Appendix A. 

The first data item designated whether the equipment item was standard or 

mission specific. For the purpose of this study, a “standard” item was defined 

as an item that an Army aviator would typically wear as part of his daily 

ensemble. A “mission-specific” item was defined as special equipment used to 

support a specific mission, such as over water, night, ballistic, or chemical threat. 

Following is the actual excerpt from the questionnaire. 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific ----A 

Then, in order to capture an overall cornfort rating for the clothing or equipment, 

even in the absence of time degradation estimates, an “overall equipment rating” 

selected from the ten reasons listed was noted. For example, .a piece of clothing 

could conceptually be labeled as uncomfortable or painful, yet it may not have a 

5 
negative impact on the actual time required to perform a certain type of task. The 

ten reasons listed in the questionnaire were bulky, hot, cold, uncomfortable, 

heavy, painful, annoying, restrictive, incompatible, and other. Respondents could 

either select from these 10 reasons or write their own descriptor after selecting 

the “other” reason. Following is the actual excerpt from the questionnaire. 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot , Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, 

Annoying, Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

Following the qualitative data sections were the quantitative estimates. This 

section of the questionnaire provided the critical link between the SME estimates 

and the lMPRJNT performance stressors: Performance time degradation 

estimates for each of nine task types were solicited. The nine task types 

corresponded directly to the taxons used in IMPRINT (see Table 1). 

To ensure comprehension and uniformity among participants, each questionnaire 

contained definitions of these nine task types, along with some aviation-specific 

examples. For instance, a “fine motor continuous” task is defined as one that 

requires uninterrupted performance of an action needed to keep a system on a 

desired path or in a specific location. Examples would be maneuvering the 

helicopter in terrain flight and tracking a moving target. Refer to Appendix A to 

review the definitions and examples of the nine task types that were provided to 

the participants, along with the questionnaire. 

Associated with each one of these nine types of tasks was a rating scale with 

nine choices representing the possible effects of the particular equipment item on 

the time to perform this type of task. The choices were no effect; 1.05, 1.10, 1.25, 

1.50, 1.75, 2.00, or 3.00 times as long (which is the same as a 5%, lo%, 25%, 

50%, 75%, 200%, or 300% increase); or the task was impossible to perform. 

“Tick” marks designated each of the seven time increase choices, and the two 

extremes, “no effect” and “makes task impossible” were shown at opposite ends 

of the scale. Tick spacing was deliberately set to imply variability with respect to 

the intervals. Following is the actual diagram that was used in the questionnaire. 

I I I I I I 1 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x 1.50x 1.75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

If an increase in time was designated or the task was noted as impossible to 

perform, then the qualitative reason(s) were marked and rank ordered in terms of 

importance, with 1 being the foremost reason and 2 being the secondary reason, 

and so on. In other words, no limit was set to the number of reasons that might 

be selected. The 10 reasons listed for each task type were the same as the 

“overall equipment rating” descriptors. These data items were repeated for each 

of the CIE and ALSE items and ensembles. 

6 
3.3 Questionnaire Administration 

Three ARL interviewers met with each group and explained the purpose of the 

Air Warrior program and the overall goals of this effort. Immediately following 

the informal, semi-structured group interview in which equipment items specific 

to the group were identified and discussed in detail, the participants were 

briefed about the specific nature and purpose of the questionnaire. How the data 

would be used in the IMPRINT’ modeling effort and the importance of their frank 

responses was emphasized. Participants were instructed how to base their 

questionnaire responses. When rating mission-specific equipment items, 

participants were instructed to compare their performance while wearing the 

mission-specific items to their performance while wearing the standard items. 

They were also instructed to rate the standard equipment items in terms of how 

they negatively affect their performance, if there was a negative effect. The full 

instructions were then read and reviewed in detail, and questions were 

encouraged and answered throughout the questionnaire administration period to 

assure full comprehension. The questionnaires were self-administered in that, 

after distribution to each of the participants, each respondent recorded his or her 

own answers. 

Since each questionnaire sheet was marked initially with generic items but needed 

to refer to the specific equipment item or ensemble identified through the group 

interviews, each group was walked through the questionnaire completion one 

page or equipment item at a time. Specific equipment items were recorded on the 

sheet by the participants and then rated. This process was instrumental in 

keeping each group’s responses organized. For instance, the ARL interviewer 

identified equipment item No. 14, masks, as either the M24 or the M43, 

depending on which mask was identified in the group interviews. Appendix B 

provides a full listing of the identified equipment items per unit. 

4. Results and Discussion 

Questionnaires were administered and completed by 47 participants, both 

aviators and crewmen, from several locations throughout the c~untry.~ Of the 47 

participants, 39 were pilots. All participants were active duty military except for 

the one member of the North Carolina Air National Guard. Additionally, all 

study participants were currently qualified on their aircraft. Each group was 

composed of pilots or a mix of pilots and crew chiefs, depending on the aircraft. 

Table 2 lists the units and locations, types of aircraft, and the number of 

questionnaires that were administered at each site. 

‘Since an ARL interviewer administered the questionnaires on a group-by-group basis, return 

should not have been an issue. One group, however, spent all their allotted time discussing the 

nuances and problems with their gear and ran out of time for questionnaire administration. 

Questionnaires were distributed to this group anyway; however, none of these were ever completed 

and returned. 

7 
Of particular interest is the Apache aircraft since modeling efforts capitalized on 

an existing IMPRINT Apache model. As indicated in Table 2, many of the 

questionnaires, 22 of the 47, were completed by Apache pilots. 

Table 2. Questionnaires by Unit, Location, and Aircraft 

Unit Location Aircraft 

Number of 

questionnaires 

1Olst 

160th 

227th 

10th Cav 

229th 

130th 

Total 

Ft. Campbell, KY UH-60 

AH-64Aa 

AH-64” 

Ft. Campbell, KY AH-6 

AH-6J 

MH-6OK 

MH-47E 

MH-47 

MH-60 

Ft. Hood, TX 

Ft. Hood, TX 

Ft. Bragg, TX 

AH-64” 

AH-64A” 

UH-60 

UH-6OL 

OH-58D 

AH-64a 

AH-64Aa 

North Carolina NG AH-64” 

3 

3 

7 

3 

2 

4 

4 

1 

1 

3 

2 

3 

1 

3 

4 

2 

1 

47 

“indicates Apache aircraft 

Although the questionnaires were labeled with 26 generic equipment items or 

ensembles, an average of 25 or fewer pieces of equipment or ensemble 

combinations was actually identified for each group or unit. The actual listing of 

equipment items and ensembles that were identified is reported in Appendix B. 

4.1 Demographic Data 

The participants ranged in age from 23 to 49 years; the average age was 31 years. 

The average nurnber of years in aviation was 8 years, with a minimum of 2.5 

years and a maximum of 21 years. The average total flying hours logged was 

1,385.5, with a minimum of 200 hours and a maximum of 6,200 hours. The high 

degree of variability indicated that the sample represented a broad spectrum of 

aircrew, from the novice to the experienced. The ranks of the participants are 

listed in Table 3. 
Table 3. Ranks of Participants 

Rank Number of participants 

CPT 1 

1LT 2 

2LT 1 

cw4 2 

cw3 6 

cw2 26 

SFC 1 

SSG 3 

SGT 2 

SIT 1 

CPL 1 

unknown 1 

4.2 Data Organization 

The analysis of the questionnaire responses involved several steps. Because of 

the magnitude of the data colIected, the most effective way to manage the raw 

data responses was to create 25 separate Sl?# databases to correspond with 

the 25 identified equipment items and ensembles. The spreadsheets were selfcontained in that each of them was populated with full demographic data, an 

overall equipment rating, and all the task time degradation estimates for each of 

nine task types and the associated reasons for those performance degradations. 

Although participants were instructed to select one of the given time choices for 

degradation, respondents occasionally marked an area between two choices. To 

preclude inflated results, the lower number was selected as the response. In this 

way, the error was placed on the side of underestimation rather than 

overestimation. Each database was developed in a 27 by 47 matrix format. For 

each of the 26 pieces of equipment or ensembles, 47 subject responses for 27 

variables (a total of 1,269 data items) were recorded: eight demographic data 

elements (rank, age, unit, years in aviation, type of aircraft qualified on, hours 

logged, crew position); an overall comfort rating; ratings of degradation for each 

of the nine task types; and reasons associated with the degradation for each of 

the nine task types. 

4.3 Performance Degradation Factor Development 

In order to maintain compatibility with the original IMPRINT embedded 

stressors, the author consulted DRC for the development of the Air Warrior 

PDFs. DRC was responsible for both the development and implementation of the 

2 Not an acronym 

9 
original stressors, dating back to the 1980’s, and was able to make 

recommendations for this study as well. As a first step in the analytical process, 

frequency distributions were examined for each equipment item or database. A 

criterion was then developed to identify those items and ensembles that were 

associated with degradations in performance by most participants (i.e., more 

than 50%). Therefore, if 50% or more of respondents indicated that there was no 

effect on the performance time, then that item was not considered to be 

degrading to performance. If, however, more than 50% of respondents indicated 

some level of performance degradation, then that item was considered to have a 

degrading effect on performance and was further analyzed. 

This portion of the analysis resulted in the identification of ten items or 

ensembles that were classified as causing degradation in performance by more 

than 50% of respondents (see Table 4). These items were Mustang suit (overwater anti-exposure suit); NBC overshoes; liners for hands; cold weather glove; 

NBC overglove; NBC mask; raft; body armor; NBC ensemble; and NBC plus 

armor ensemble. Interestingly, 100% of the respondents indicated degradation in 

performance associated with the NBC mask. The importance and implications of 

this finding are discussed later in this report. 

For the ten items listed in Table 4, frequencies for time degradation estimates for 

each task type were computed. As a measure of central tendency, the mean 

values of the time estimates were initially examined. However, for the following 

two reasons, the mean values were not used as the PDFs. First, several of the 

aviators consistently indicated very high time degradation estimates for every 

data item, which disproportionately influenced the values of the means. To 

avoid skewing the mean values with the inclusion of these few outlier data 

points, the modal values, which are analogous to a group consensus, were 

chosen. Secondly, since the “impossible to perform” choice was not associated 

with a numerical value, these selections could not have been mathematically 

averaged. The modal (most frequently occurring) value was found to better 

represent the degradation effects of the equipment and clothing items on each 

task type and eliminated the effects of extreme values. Table 5 lists the 

equipment item with the task type descriptors or “taxons” and their associated 

degradation factors. 

4.4 Overall Comfort Rating 

Table 6 lists the overall comfort ratings given for each equipment item, regardless 

of task type. When more than one descriptor is listed, they had equal frequencies 

and were tied for first place. The overwhelming majority of the overall comfort 

ratings for these equipment items and ensembles were “bulky” and “restrictive,” 

emphasizing once more the importance of reducing bulky items that are 

unacceptable in the restrictive environment of a rotary wing aircraft. 
Table 4. E uipment Items and Indicated Taxon Degradation 

(A” 7 ” indicates that more than 50% of respondents 

identified some level of performance degradation) 

Equipment Taxon 

items VIS” NUM COG FMD FMC GML GMH CRW CORAL 

Undergarment 

Tri-service coverall 

ABDUb 

Old coverall 

Mustang suitC 

Socks 

Liners, feet 

Boots 

NBC overshoes 

Cold weather liner, 

hands 

Nomex@ flight gloved 

Cold weather glove 

NBC overgloves 

NBC mask 

Helmet 

Side arm 

Holster 

Survival vest 

Flotation vest 

Extraction harness 

Raft 

Body armor 

Flight ensemble 

NBC ensemble 

NBC +armor 

ensemble 

d 

“VIS = visual, NUM = numerical, COG = co ‘tive, FMD = fine motor discrete, FMC = fine motor 

continuous, GML = gross motor light, G MI-F = motor heavy, CRW = communications read and 

write, CORAL = communications oral 

gross 

bABDU = aircrew battle dress uniform 

‘Mustang suit: immersion suit 

dNomex@: fire-retardant properties 

4.5 Reasons Associated With Degraded Performance 

In order to understand why the equipment items affected task performance, 

participants were instructed to select the reasons for the indicated time 

degradations and to rank order them. Unfortunately, only a few of the 

participants followed instructions. Most marked their reason(s) but did not rank 

order the reasons when more than one was chosen; therefore, for this analysis, 

the rank ordering was ignored. The primary reasons associated with the PDFs for 

referenced equipment items are listed in Table 7. When two dr more reasons are 
shown, frequencies were the same for each of those reasons. That is, the reasons 

were tied for first place. 

Table 5. Equipment Items and Modal Performance 

Degradation Factors by Taxon 

Equipment 

items 

Taxon 

VIS” NUM COG FMD FMC GML GMH CRW CORAL 

Mustang suit 

NBC overshoes 

Cold weather liner, 

hands 

Cold weather glove 

NBC overgloves 

NBC mask 

Body armor 

NBC ensemble 

NBC +arrnor 

ensemble 

1.05 1.05 1.1 

1.1 1.1 

1.1 1.1 

1.25 

1.5 1.5 1.25 1.5 1.5 

2 1.1 1.25 1.25 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 

1.05 

1.1 1.1 1.25 1.25 

1.5 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.75 1.75 1.5 1.5 

1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 

Note. The above values are multiplied by the baseline task times proportionally assigned to the 

respective “taxon” to obtain a degraded 

computed for the Mustang suit, since the task 

and a fine motor discrete component 

portion attributable to fine motor discrete) 

visual component of the task is not affected. 

Table 6. Equipment Items and Overall Comfort Ratings 

Equipment Overall comfort rating 

Mustang suit 

NBC overshoes 

Liners, hands 

Cold weather glove 

NBC overglove 

NBC mask 

Raft 

Body armor 

NBC ensemble 

NBC + armor ensemble 

Other 

Bulky 

Uncomfortable; annoying; other 

Bulky 

Bulky; restrictive 

Restrictive 

Bulky 

Bulky 

Bulky 

Uncomfortable 
Table 7. Most Frequently Given Reasons Associated 

With Taxon Performance Degradations 

Equipment Taxon 

items VW NLJM COG FMD FMC GML GMH CRW CORAL 

Mustang suit 

NBC overshoes 

Liners, hands 

Cold weather glove 

NBC overglove 

Mask R 

Raft 

Body armor 

NBC ensemble R 

NBC + armor R 

ensemble 

B B B 

B B 

A A 

B 

B B R B B,R 

R A R R R R R R 

BS’,R 

R R R R 

U A R R R R R 

R U,A,R R R R R R 

B = bulky; A = annoying; R = restrictive; U = uncomfortable 

According to the participants, the most frequently chosen reason for the 

performance degradations associated with specific task types caused by specific 

items or ensembles was “restrictive.” The second reason most frequently selected 

was “bulky.” These reasons emphasize the need to quantitatively characterize 

the potential adverse effects of an encumbered ensemble. Consequently, CIE and 

ALSE design should be particularly sensitive to the confined environment of an 

aircraft cockpit. Instead, some of the standard equipment and ensembles were 

originally designed for the land soldier who does not have the same degree of 

space restrictions. For aircrew, these effects can range from various levels of 

discomfort to reduced or unacceptable performance levels. For instance, a bulky 

NBC ensemble can significantly encumber the aviator as well as impair thermoregulation and heat dissipation. Efforts should be made to mitigate rather than 

exacerbate heat stress (Reardon et al., 1996). The complications associated with 

performance in extreme environments, whether attributable to hot or cold 

climates, can add significantly to discomfort and diminished performance 

capabilities. With aircraft in particular, there literally is little room ,for error, and 

the consequences of failure are especially catastrophic. An error or time delay for 

a task may at best result in reduced performance; at worst, it could result in the 

loss of life. Full frequency counts of all the reasons stated by study participants 

are presented in Appendix C. 

I . 

4.6 Analysis of Contributions of Individual Items to Ensemble 

Degradations 

To examine the relationship between the individual items and the ensembles, an 

analysis was performed which resulted in the development of a weighting 

scheme. The NBC ensemble plus armor is composed of several of the individual 

equipment items (namely, the NBC mask, overgloves, overshoes, and body 

13 
armor) that were linked to degradations in task performance. Separate equations 

were developed that related individual contributions to the overall degradation 

of the NBC ensemble plus armor. For each of the nine taxons, the individual 

equipment items that had a degradation factor assigned were identified. If only 

one item was associated with that taxon, then the weight for the contribution of 

that item was a 1.0. For example, the only ensemble component associated with 

the VIS task type is the mask; therefore, the weight is 1.0. In cases when multiple 

individual equipment items contributed to the ensemble degradation, then those 

degradation factors were normalized by dividing the individual degradation 

factor by the sum of all the degradation factors associated with that particular 

taxon. For example, for the GML taxon, the degradation factors for the 

individual equipment are overshoes = 1.1, overgloves = 1.25, mask = 1.5, and 

body armor = 1.25. The individual equipment degradation amounts are summed 

(e.g., .1 + .25 + .5 + .25 = 1.1). The individual degradations are then divided by 

the sum in order to normalize (e.g., S/1.1 = .09, .25/1.1 = .23, .5/1.1 = .45, 

.25/1.1 = .23). The normalized values become the coefficients for the equations. 

The coefficient is 1.0 for cases when only one individual equipment contributed 

to the taxon degradation. The following equations were developed with this 

procedure: 

[EQl] VIS = 1.0 + (mask) 

[EQ2] NUM = 1.0 * (mask) 

[EQ3] COG = 1.0 * (mask) 

[EQ4] FMD = .58 (overgloves) + .29 (mask) + .12 (body armor) 

[EQ5] FMC = .45 (overgloves) + .45 (mask) + .lO (body armor) 

[EQ6] GML = .09 (overshoes) + -23 (overgloves) + .45 (mask) + .23 (body armor) 

[EQ7] GMH = .07 (overshoes) + .37 (over-gloves) + .37 (mask) + .19 (body armor) 

[EQ8] CRW = .50 (overgloves) + .50 (mask) 

[EQ9] CORAL = 1.0 * (mask) 

Ideally, protective equipment should not cause restrictions or impede 

performance. However, as demonstrated by this analysis, the NBC mask was the 

sole contributor to degradations in four of the taxons: VIS, NUM, COG, and 

CORAL. The NBC mask was also the greatest contributor to the GML taxon and 

had a relatively large impact on the GMH and CRW taxons as well. 

4.7 Implications of NBC Mask Results 

As previously stated in this report, 100% of the questionnaire respondents (n = 

47) indicated that donning the NBC mask resulted in task performance 

degradation. This unanimous response suggests several important issues for the 

purposes of this analysis. First, it emphasizes that priority should be given to 

addressing the concerns associated with the NBC mask. The global proliferation 

of chemical weapons technology and biological warfare capabilities in recent 

years has greatly increased the likelihood of NBC weapons employment 

14 
(Gourley, 2000). This climate fosters very real concerns, especially for the 

military. Secondly, the results suggest that an additional degree of severity is 

potentially associated with the NBC mask in that the NBC mask had an adverse 

effect on all nine task types. For more details about the specific problems noted 

through the semi-structured group interviews, please refer to Tauson and others 

(1997). 

Two types of NBC masks were addressed through the questionnaires in this 

study: the M24 and the M43. Although the PDFs were developed with the 

combined data set, they were also examined individually. Although the M43 is 

the more recently developed mask, the performance degradation ratings were not 

significantly different from those of the M24. Both masks were rated nearly 

equally in terms of the trend for the PDFs. When the task types and PDFs were 

rank ordered for both masks, the results were the same. The highest PDFs for 

both masks were associated with the VIS task type, the second highest with 

CORAL, and the third highest with CRW. This suggests that certain features of 

the NBC mask warrant more immediate attention: the optical lens, speaking 

device, and hearing mechanism. Although the M43 mask promised improvement3 

over the M24 mask in terms of better visual performance, the data show that this 

may not be the case because both masks had comparable estimated degradation 

for visual types of tasks. 

Attention to improving the mask hood and helmet ear cup compatibility and the 

mask microphone reliability is also warranted because of the increased 

degradation reported for tasks involving CORAL. CRW is also affected when the 

visual acuity needed for these types of tasks is degraded. The types of taxonrelated performance degradation indicated by the findings in this study could 

have a significant impact on pilot situational awareness, thus affecting 

communications among other crew members as well as the information shared 

with command and control elements and other units outside the cockpit. These 

NBC mask issues are not new to the mask development cornmun.ity; visual 

problems and the incompatibility of the mask lenses with optical devices on 

other systems and vision-correction devices are discussed in detail in reports by 

Harrah (1985). Problems with speech intelligibility are noted by McMahon and 

Stemann (1991). Data from the Joint Services Lightweight Integrated Suit 

Technology (JSLIST) which were gathered around 1995 conclude that mask 

hoods dramatically reduce the attenuation provided by the helmet because the 

ear cup seal is broken. 

While existing information about task performance degradation in an NBC 

environment is limited and often anecdotal, this research provides quantitative 

estimates of performance degradation that can be used to focus attention on 

those personnel and tasks that are at greater risk. Identifying and addressing the 

3The M24 has a windshield 

R 

e of visor with reported distortion effects/whereas the M43 has 

spherical eyepieces or goggle- i e construction. 

15 
needs of the warfighter early in system acquisition programs may result in costeffective, streamlined, and more expeditious solutions. 

5. An Example of Applying the Performance Degradation 

Factors 

While the degradation factors themselves are of interest, they are designed to be 

applied to task time estimates, as modeled in IMPRINT. The PDFs shown in 

Table 5 are multiplicative values that increase the performance time of tasks that 

have been assigned or described by the affected taxons. As stated earlier, 

because these PDFs are meant to increase the time to perform, they are always 

greater than 1. Logically, a PDF of “1.00” would indicate no degradation and 

when multiplied against the time would result in no increment. The time 

adjustment (timadj) calculation is computed as follows: 

timadj = (degradation factor - 1.00) x taxon weight 

final time = (1.00 + timadj) x original time (hh:mm:ss) 

When more than one taxon is involved for a given task, the times associated with 

each of the taxons are weighted, degraded, and then added to obtain a total 

degraded time for the task. For example, the application of the PDF for the 

previously mentioned task repositioning IZ heIicupter in flight while the NBC mask 

is worn would be computed as follows: 

Taxon assignment of FMC and a taxon weight of 75% (.75) 

Taxon assignment of CORAL and a taxon weight of 25% (.25) 

The degradation factors corresponding to the NBC mask equipment item and 

FMC and CORAL taxons are 1.5, according to Table 5. If the assumed task time 

is 00:01:05 (read 1 minute, 5 seconds), inserting these numbers into the following 

algorithm results in 

timadj = (degradation factor - 1.00) x taxon weight 

final time = (1.00 + twadj) x original time (hh:mm:ss) 

Since this task is composed of two taxons, FMC and CORAL, the computation 

is as follows: 

timadj = Il.5 (FMC degradation factor) - 1.00 (constant value)] x .75 (FMC 

taxon weight) 

[1.5 (CORAL deiradation factor) -1.00 (constant value)] x .25 (CORAL taxon 

weight) 

= 

.5 

16 
final time = [LOO (constant value) + .5 (tirnadj) x 00:01:05 (original task time) 

final time = 00:01:38 (degraded task time) 

The degraded task time is 00:01:38 (read 1 minute, 38 seconds). Comparing the 

original time of 00:01:05 with the adjusted time of 00:01:38 indicates a 33- 

second increase in the amount of time required to perform this task when the 

NBC mask is worn. Since individual task degradations are aggregated across the 

entire mission through task network modeling, IMPRINT provides a way to 

model, analyze, and compare total system performance. Generally, an IMLWNT 

mission consists of hundreds of tasks in a complex sequencing architecture, and 

aggregating task time increases such as the one demonstrated previously can 

significantly impact whether the mission is completed within the critical time 

frame. This method provides a quantitative basis for comparing the effects of 

various types of equipment and ensures that alternatives are compared in a 

similar standardized manner. 

These PDFs are intended to be coded directly in JMlWNT to enhance the 

stressor modeling capability. In the meantime, they can be accessed and applied 

through the use of ExceP spreadsheets that were developed to support this 

effort. Once the IMPRINT model is built, task time data are pre-processed 

through the use of these spreadsheets. The degraded task times are then reentered into the IMPRINT model, and through stochastic execution, an estimate 

of total system performance is derived. For a more thorough discussion of the 

development and application of the pre-processor procedure, a separate ARL 

technical report is being prepared (Salvi, in press). 

6. Preliminary Validation of Performance Degradation 

Factors 

The validation process for a selected model is not only complex but is often 

unique to that model. Validation, as formally defined in Army Pamphlet 5-11 

(Department of the Army, 1992), involves the comparison of the model and 

simulation behavior and results to data obtained from another credible domain 

that is believed to be the real world, has been proved to closely approximate the 

real world, or is from a source that is recognized as expert on the relevant 

characteristics of the real world. 

As discussed earlier in this report, IMPRINT offers a unique capability to assess 

human performance in the presence of five environmental stressors, one of which 

is MOW’. These generalizeable PDFs can be applied to any set of tasks and to 

any system to obtain an estimate of expected degradation. The five performance 

stressors embedded in IMPRINT. were developed on the basis of published 

17 
research, which serves as a degree of validation. In an effort to conduct a 

preliminary validation of the PDFs developed explicitly for the Air Warrior 

program, a cursory comparison of the Air Warrior NBC ensemble PDFs with the 

IMPRINT MOPP degradation factors was performed. 

The MOPP PDFs that are currently in IMPRINT were developed from work 

performed by the former Ballistic Research Laboratory4 (BRL). There are three 

reasons why this particular data source was chosen for validation purposes. 

First, the data are relatively in the same format for easy comparison. Secondly, 

there is great similarity between the MOPP IV ensemble which includes the NBC 

overgarment, overboots, mask, hood, and overgloves, and the NBC ensemble 

worn by aircrew, which includes all the items listed plus the helmet. The third 

reason is that the BRL individual protective equipment (IPE) database and 

model were developed from empirical data, thereby providing an appropriate 

validation mechanism. 

There were, however, some obvious differences between the two data sets. First, 

the BRL IPE database and model consist of data for 756 military tasks that were 

performed in various field exercises where groups of soldiers performed a set of 

tasks while wearing standard battle dress uniforms (BDUs) and MOPP IV or 

chemical IRE. Task performance times were analyzed for both conditions, and 

performance decrement factors were subsequently calculated from these 

empirical data. Most of these tasks were maintenance types of tasks on major 

Army systems, whereas the tasks of interest here are operational or missionrelated pilot tasks. Another distinction is that the BRL data were derived from 

empirical field tests, while the Air Warrior data were developed from subjective 

estimates. In addition, the BRL IPE tasks were later defined in terms of ten 

human ability codes, instead of the nine taxons that are employed in IMPRINT. 

The ten human ability codes are communication skills, numerical data skills, 

decision-making skills, precision control skills, movement and coordination, 

attention and quickness, visual pattern, manual control skills, strength and 

stamina, and vision. 

As a first step in the implementation of the original MOPP degradation factors in 

IMPRINT, these human ability codes were mapped to the IMPRINT taxons, as 

shown in Table 8. The degradation factor for each taxon was then computed as 

the average of the mapped degradation factors by human ability code. For this 

analysis, these derived IMPRlNT MOPP degradation factors were compared to 

the Air Warrior degradation factors. 

Despite the differences between these two data sets, results of the comparison 

were still promising. Table 9 lists the PDFs for the IMPRINT MOPP IV and the 

Air Warrior PDFs for two conditions, the NBC ensemble and the NBC plus 

armor ensemble. The Air Warrior NBC ensemble is most similar to the MOPP IV 

4 Now part of ARL 

18 
condition in terms of clothing and equipment items. Of course, an aviator has the 

additional encumbrance from the survival vest and helmet when he or she dons 

the NBC ensemble. A review of Table 9 shows that the PDFs for lMJ?RlNT 

MOPP IV and the Air Warrior NBC ensemble are very similar. There is less than 

a 10% difference among the PDFs for most of the taxons, which exhibits a close 

correspondence between the MOPP IV and the Air Warrior NBC ensemble. As 

expected, the NBC plus armor ensemble has greater performance degradation 

values than either the NBC ensemble or the MOPE’ IV. In two of the four taxons 

(FMD and GML) for the NBC plus armor ensemble, the degradation factor was 

higher, 25% to 35% greater than the MOPP IV degradation factors. In the other 

two taxons (VIS and CORAL), the difference was less than 10%. A comparison 

of the MOPI? IV data with the NBC plus armor ensemble exhibits a reasonable 

trend in that the most cumbersome and restrictive ensembles are associated with 

greater PDFs, as would be expected. Overall, the Air Warrior PDF values are 

somewhat conservative but are comparable to the IMPRINT data. 

Table 8. Mapping of IMPRINT Taxons to BRL Human Ability Codes 

IMPRINT BRL human ability codes 

taxons COM” NUM DM VP MC PC M&C A&Q S&S V 

VIS X X X 

NUM X X 

COG X X 

FMD x x X 

FMC x x X 

GML X 

GMH X 

CRW X 

CORAL x 

COM = communications; NUM = numerical; DM = decision making VP = visual pattern; MC = 

manual control; PC = precise control; M&C = movement & coordination; A&Q = attention & 

quickness; S&S = strength & stamina; V = vision 

Table 9. Comparison of IMPRINT MOPP IV PDFs to Air Warrior PDFs 

for NBC Ensemble and NBC + Armor Ensemble 

. 

IMPRINT IMPRINT 

taxon MOPP IV 

Air warrior 

NBC ensemble 

Air warrior NBC + 

armor ensemble 

VIS 1.6 1.5 1.5 

FMD 1.7 1.5 2 

GML 1.5 1.75 2 

CORAL 1.7 1.5 1.5 

19 
7. Conclusions 

7.1 Methodology 

IMPRINT offers a unique capability to assess human performance in the presence 

of five environmental stressors, one of which is MOPP gear. These PDFs are 

coded directly in the software and are easily applied to any set of tasks or to 

any system to obtain an estimate of expected operational performance 

degradation. However, this capability did not provide sufficient detail for the 

interests of the Air Warrior program, which required the development of an 

explicit set of PDFs to address the effects of specific equipment items and 

ensembles on performance. Although empirical data were neither available nor 

feasible to collect at this time, by obtaining estimates from SMEs via a detailed 

questionnaire, the author achieved findings similar to those obtained by group 

consensus. Participants were very eager to cooperate and were highly motivated 

to have an impact on future Army equipment. The information obtained from 

this survey was used to develop PDFs that will first be used as a pre-processor 

for the IMPRINT model and suitable for coding directly in the software. This 

effort proved to be a reliable and acceptable means for data collection and thus 

provided the vehicle for expanding the IMIXNT stressor capability. For the Air 

Warrior Program, this methodology demonstrated success in quantitatively 

characterizing subjective data into a usable means that can be applied as a 

standardized and generalizable modeling approach. 

7.2 Recommendations 

While this effort demonstrated success, there are many avenues to explore for 

future work. An interesting proposal for future efforts involves the validation of 

the questionnaire-derived time degradation estimates. A comparison of the data 

and findings derived from questionnaires to empirical data collected from either 

field or simulator exercises would significantly contribute to the validation of the 

PDFs reported here. At the very least, quantitative statistical analysis may result 

in the refinement and improvement of the PDFs. 

Based on existing research which suggests that SMEs can more reliably provide 

time degradation estimates than accuracy degradation estimates (Anno et al., 

1996), current efforts were focused on the development of PDFs with respect to 

time. Field exercise or simulator data could also be used to develop accuracy 

degradation factors. This would provide a means to model the effects of the CIE 

and ALSE in terms of the impact on accuracy of certain types of tasks. IMPRTNT 

currently has the capability to model both time and accuracy as performance 

measures; therefore, once accuracy degradation data are developed, they can be 

easily implemented in IMPRINT. 

20 
Future efforts could also focus on defining more precisely the reasons for the 

equipment degradation estimates and then determining which measure of effect 

should be used. Instead of stating that a piece of equipment is restrictive, one 

should determine how it restricts (i.e., the field of view or the range of motion). 

By using these measures to evaluate new designs, one can derive early estimates 

of the new design degradations. 

Also of interest would be a means to categorize effects into short-term impacts 

on performance attributable to restriction of motion versus longer term impacts, 

such as those that cause neck muscles to cramp after several hours. This would 

facilitate the examination of mission degradation on a time continuum. Through 

the current IMPRINT modeling, “high driver” tasks that are most impacted by 

Air Warrior equipment can be identified, and alternate methods for 

accomplishing those tasks can be explored. 

Clearly, the work that was done in support of the Air Warrior program provides 

a solid foundation for some interesting future endeavors. Additionally, the 

methodology is adaptable enough to address similar performance degradation 

and modeling issues for other military programs for ground or mounted soldiers. 
INTENTIONALLY LEFT I~LANK 
References 

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MD: U.S. Army Research Laboratory. 

Allender, L., Salvi, L., & Promisel, D. (June 1997). Evaluation of human 

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Proceedings of Workshoo on Emereinz Technoloties in Human ErttieerinG 

Testing, and Evaluation. Brussels, Belgium: NATO Research Study Group 

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Anno, G., Dore, M., & Roth, T. (1996). Taxonomic model for nerformance 

degradation in combat tasks (DNA-TR-95-115). Alexandria, VA: Defense 

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Badler, N., Phillips, C., & Webber, B. (1993). Simulating humans, computer 

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Gourley, S.R. (2000). Simulating NBC on the battlefield, Militarv Medical 

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Harrah, D.M. (1985). Binocular scanning; performance for soldiers wearing 

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23 
Reardon, M., Smythe, N. III, Hager, J.D., Helms, B., Omer, J., Freeze, M., & 

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Proving Ground, MD: U.S. Army Research Laboratory. 

24 
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25 
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26 
APPENDIX A 

QUESTIONNAIRE AND INSTRUCTIONS 

27 
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 
QUESTIONNAIRE AND INSTRUCTIONS 

Estimates of the Effect of CIE and ALSE on Task Performance 

Rank Years in Aviation 

f%e Type of Aircraft Currently 

Flying 

Unit Total Flying Hours 

Logged 

Crew Position (Pilot, Crew Chief, Other) 

Background 

The Air Warrior Program Office is interested in understanding and predicting the 

effects of current and future clothing and individual equipment (CIE) and aircrew 

life support equipment (ALSE) items on the performance of the main aviation 

tasks in addition to looking at the problems associated with the items 

themselves. To support this effort, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Human 

Research and Engineering Directorate is developing a computer model to predict 

aircrew performance when soldiers wear CIE and ALSE, both the standard, 

typically worn ensemble items and the additional, mission-specific items. The 

Air Warrior Program Office will use this information to identify and improve 

problematic equipment and incompatibilities with different aircraft. Your honest 

opinions are essential to the success of this program. 

This questionnaire will obtain your estimates of the effects of wearing current CIE 

and ALSE items and ensembles on the performance of different types of tasks. 

We are also interested in why the equipment affects task performance. For 

example, does it take twice as long to perform a task because an equipment item 

is heavy? Or does it take just a little bit longer, 1.05 times as long, for example, 

because the item makes you feel cold? 

29 
Instructions 

We have no need to know who you are personally. Do not write your name on 

the questionnaire. However, we do need to know your unit and the type of 

aircraft you fly so that we can better understand your frame of reference. 

Each page of the questionnaire deals with a particular piece of equipment which 

is identified in the upper left-hand comer. First, make an overall rating for the 

equipment item. 

Based on the discussions you just participated in, items were identified as part 

of the standard, typically worn ensemble, or as part of a mission-specific 

ensemble. Next, mark whether each item is considered part of the standard or 

part of a mission-specific ensemble. 

Nine different task types are listed on each page. These are described in more 

detail on the following page. For each task type (i.e., visual) please indicate 

whether the particular piece of CIE or ALSE, or ensemble will affect the amount 

of time it takes to perform such a task type. If there is “no effect” on the time, 

please indicate this by marking “no effect” on the time line. We expect that some 

of the equipment will have “no effect” on certain types of tasks. If the task type 

is impossible to perform, please mark “makes task impossible” portion of the 

time line. It is also possible that a piece of equipment may have a positive effect; 

if this is the case, please annotate it. 

Also, please mark the reason(s) for any increase in time or write your own reason 

in the “other” portion. If there is only one reason, mark a “1” through the reason; 

if there are several reasons, please rank order them by placing a “1,” “2,” “3,” 

etc., through the reasons. There are no right or wrong answers. 

When you make the ratings on the mission-specific ensemble items, think about 

how those items affect your performance relative to the standard ensemble items. 

In other words, compare your performance while wearing the mission-specific 

ensemble items to your performance while wearing just the standard items. 

When you make the ratings on the standard ensemble items, think about how any 

problems with those items negatively affect your performance, if they affect it at 

all. 

If you have any questions, please ask the ARL representative for assistance. 

Again, your subject matter expertise and opinions are critical to the success of 

this program. Thank you for your cooperation. 
There are nine task types listed below, along with their descriptions. 

1. Visual - A visual task is one that requires using the eyes to identify or 

separate targets or objects. Examples would be seeing something move and then 

recognizing it as an enemy tank. 

2. Numerical - A numerical task is one that requires performing arithmetical or 

mathematical calculations. Examples would be measuring an azimuth or course 

angle on a chart with a plotter and estimating the distance between two points 

on a map. 

3. Cognitive (Problem Solving and Decision Making) - A cognitive task is one 

that requires processing information mentally and reaching a conclusion. 

Examples would be selecting the best route for the mission and selecting the best 

firing position for the HELFIRE. 

4. Fine Motor Discrete - A fine motor discrete task is one that requires 

performing a set of distinct actions in a predetermined sequence. These actions 

mainly involve movement of the hands, arms, or feet and require little physical 

effort. Examples would be assembly and disassembly of the 30-mm chain gun 

and dialing radio frequencies. 

5. Fine Motor Continuous - A fine motor continuous task is one that requires 

uninterrupted performance of an action needed to keep a system on a desired 

path or in a specific location. Examples would be maneuvering the helicopter in 

terrain flight and tracking a moving target. 

6. Gross Motor Heavy - A gross motor heavy task is one that requires expending 

extensive physical effort or exertion to perform an action. Examples would be 

lifting a HELFIRE missile and loosening a very tight bolt with a wrench. 

7. Gross Motor Light - A gross motor light task is one that requires moving the 

entire body (i.e., not just the hands) to perform an action without expending 

extensive physical effort. Examples would be turning to look out the side 

window and climbing into and out of a helicopter. 

8. Communication (Read and Write) - A communication (read and write) task is 

one that requires either reading text or numbers that are written somewhere or 

writing text or numbers that can be read. Examples would be reading a checklist 

and writing coordinates on the knee board. 

9. Communication (Oral) - A communication (oral) task is one that requires 

either talking or listening to another person. Examples would be giving a situation 

report by radio and receiving an instruction from air traffic control. 

31 
INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #1 UNDERGARMENT 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -1 

VISUAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

NUMERICAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.0s~ 1.10x 1.2%. I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

COGNITIVE tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25~ I AOx I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

1 Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3X Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect I.OSx 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I ,.50x I .75x 

Times ins Long 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

I I I I I 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

1 GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long. Impossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I sax I .75x 2x 3X Makes Task Incompatible, Other 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #2 COVERALL Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -) 

F NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x ,:50x l.:Sx :x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Incompatible, Other 

NUMERICAL casks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 1 I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05~ 1.10x 1.25x I.SOx I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavv, Painful, Annoving. Restrictive. - I. 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I sax I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, .Other - 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long impossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

I 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

NoEffect 1.05x I.IOx 1.25x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x ISOX I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

If Lime increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

le 

. . 
. . 

EQUIPMENT ITEM #3 OVERGARMENT (11 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -) 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffecf 1.0% 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 1.15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Ho& Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Tiwes as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

Iftasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x 1.50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

Times ns Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If Lime increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x 1.50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times m lnne lmoossible 

Incompalible, Other 

1 COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks If lime increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) (asks 

I I I I I 

NoEffecl 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #4 OVERGARMENT (2) 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -1 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 1.75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3X Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I J Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2% I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

Timer 9s I .mw 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

lmeossible 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

I I I 

I I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 

‘NbEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x 

I .75x 

I .50x 

2x 

I .15x 2x 

Times = Long 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks 

I I I I I I 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

1 Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

1 Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible I 

I COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I 1 Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other I 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #5 OVERGARMENT (31 Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific ) 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2%~ I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, HOI, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I.SOx I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

I . - 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable. Heavv. Painful, Annovina. Restrictive. - < -. 

NoEffect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times PS Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

I 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3X Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavv. Painful, Annoving, Restrictive, 

I ‘NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Tnsk Incompatible, Other- 

- - 

T:...^^ ^^ 1 lmnnrrihle I 

1 GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

w-1 .:5x 1~. 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

Uncomfortable Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

ix E;k Incompatible, bther 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

le 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #6 SOCKS Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -1’ 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x 1.15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times zu Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05~ 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Tinwp x I nw Imoossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I SOY. I .15x 

Times OS Lone 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

1.1..:1^1:::0x ‘NbEffect I.OSx 1.10x 1.25x 1,:s~ :x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY (asks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x I .25x I .50x I .15x 2x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times a Lone 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Imoossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

TiunLone 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3X Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Imwle 

. . 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #7 LINERS. FEET Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -) 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible , 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x 1.50x I .75x 2x 3x 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

I NoEffcct 1.0s~ 1.10x 1.25x 150x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task T;,.,Dr me 1 nno lmoossible 

Incompatible, Other 

I 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I I I 1 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10~ l.?5x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times a.. Long 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

I I I I I 

I 

2x 

I 

2x 

I 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

. - 

‘Nb Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2.5x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, OtherGROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If titne increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Mnkes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times pi Long Impossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

1 COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other I 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #8 BOOTS Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot , Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -1 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times ns Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I 

I I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05% 1.10x 1.2% I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Timer a~ 1 nno hnnosrihle 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Incompatible, Other I 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10.x 1.2% I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

1 FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2.5x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long impossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10~. 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

bnpossible 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

I I I I I I 

,NoEffcc.t 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 

Timer nc I nnrr 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

lmoossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

J Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #9 OVERSHOES Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -) I I 

I 1 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I 30x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Tnsk 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .sox I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Tinwc nc I nno Imoossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffecl 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times IS Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

TY...^^ ^^ Incompatible, Other ^^I Imnn..ihb 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ 52 WRITE) tasks 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .7.5x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Tim-r nc I nnlr Imoossible I 

I 

. . . . . _- - --.. D 1 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

TimnLone ImppSSihle 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #lO LINERS. HANDS 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific --.-.A 

VISUAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x 1.50x 1.75x 2x 

Times a Lone 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

lmwssible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Times as lnne lmoossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Lone lmoossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I ‘50X 1.75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

I 

2x 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffecl 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Tnsk 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

1 COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

I COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

. 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #l 1 GLOVES t 1) Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -) , 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 1.75x 2x 3x Mikes Task Incompatible, Other 

Tim-cm I nntr lmoossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x I 50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Tinwc x I nn~ Imoossible Incompatible, Other I 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2.5x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I 1 I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I.SOx 1.75x 

Times as Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

I I I I I 

‘NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

I 

2x 

I 

2x 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Tinwc ac I nnv lmoossible 

Incompatible, Other 

I 

1 COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I 

NoEffect l.OSx 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.0% 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #I2 GLOVES (21 Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -) 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I t Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x 1.50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2.5x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Times ns Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I t I t I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffecr l.OSx 1.10x 1.25x I .sox I .75x 2x 3X Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I t I I 

NoEffect 1.0% 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

Times as Long 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

,NoEffect l.OSx 1.10x 1.25x I .50x i .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

t I t t I t I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I.SOx I .75x 

Tbwne 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

. . 
. 

EQUIPMENT ITEM #13 OVERGLOVES 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard ~ Mission-Specific ------I 

VISUAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

NUMERICAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffecl 1.05x 1.10x 1.2s~ I .50x I .15x 2x 

Times rls Long 

COGNlTlVE tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 

Times as Long 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 1.75x 2x 

Times ns Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I I 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3% Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other bnpossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

bnpossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, OtherTimes as Long lrnpossible 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Nb Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

bnpossible Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

-. I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 

Times as Long 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, HOI, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

le 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #14 MASKS Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -1 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I 1 Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times m Inne lmoossible 

I NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I 1 I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

T;*..n. I)c I ,%“” Imnnwihlr 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Incompatible, Other I 

1 COGNITIVE tasks 

I 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Timrc ns I nno hmossible 

Incompatible, Other I 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I 1 Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Lone ImDossible Incompatible, Other 

I FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, _ - Restrictive, I 

NoEffect 1.0% 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, OtherGROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

‘No Effect 1.0%. 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times ZIP 1 inns lmoossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times XC Lone lmoossible 

Incompatible, Other 

1 COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

Times ns Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 
. 

EQUIPMENT ITEM #15 HELMET 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO I 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other I 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific ----A I 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2%~ I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Mnkes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffecr 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

. - 

NoEffecl 1.05x 1.10x 1.2.5x I sax I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, OtherTimes as Long Impossible 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

1 GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 1.75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, No Effect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other I 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #16 OTHER GARMENTS 

I 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other I 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -1 I 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2% I .50x 1.75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffccl 1.05~ 1.10x 1.2% I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

-- FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I I I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10.x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Titnm ns 1 nw Imoossible Incompatible, Other I 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

/ 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

‘NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

T:...PC mc 1 ““” lmnm~ihln Incompatible, Other 

r GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 1.75x 2x 

Time as I nnv 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Imoossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effecl 1.05% 1.10x 1.2%. I .50x I .75x 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

I Tin- I 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #17 SIDE ARM 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -) 

VISUAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2% I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times ns Long 

NUMERICAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 1.7.5x 2x 

Times ns Long 

COGNITIVE tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ 150x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effecl 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times ns Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I.SOx I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

hnpossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3X Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I- 11 I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive. I 

,NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffecr 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times a Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

. - -, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, OtherIf time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I 1 I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Tie Iulppssible 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #I 8 HOLSTER Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Slandard Mission-Specific .-.--.A 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect ,1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Tinws ‘1s Long hnpossible 

Incompatible, Other 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Tinws as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

No Effect I.OSx 1.10x 1.2%~ I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

I FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x 1.75x 

Times BS Long 

I 

2x 

I 

2x 

I 

3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

3x 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I 

,NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Times as Loiig Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

NoEffecr 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect I.OSx 1.10~ 1.2.5x I .50x I .75x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

le J 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #19 SURVIVAL VEST 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -1 

VISUAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.2% I .50x I .15x 2x 

Times as Long 

NUMERICAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25X 150x I .75X 2x 

Times ns Long 

COGNITIVE tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I SO% I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

1 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

I I I I I I 

‘NbEffecl I.OSx 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25X I SOY. I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ & WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.2%. 130x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Tiue II~IC 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #20 FLOATATION VEST 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific .-.--A 

VISUAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05~ 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

If lime increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.2.5x I.SOx I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Times as Long hupossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I J 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Thes es Long hnpossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect I.OSx 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

Times ns Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

I I I I I 

‘No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 1.75x 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks 

I 

2x 

I 

2x 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

3x 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

J 

3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

. 
. 

EQUIPMENT ITEM #2 1 EXTRACTION HARNESS 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific ---.-A 

VISUAL tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25~ 1.50x I .15x 2x 

Times as Long 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Inlpossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 1 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I.SOx I .75x 2x 3X Makes Task 

Times as Long ltnpossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffccl 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long ltnpossible 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable. Heavy. Painful, AnnovinE. Restrictive, - - 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ 1.50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times n.s Long Impossible Incompatible, Other - 

I 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffccl l.OSx 1.10x 1.25x I 50x I .75x 

Times as Long 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

h4oEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .7.5x 2x 

Tinles as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

NoEffccl 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

1 COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Tie ImnpSSible 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #22 RAFT Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot , Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -1 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I t I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2% I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

No Efliecr I.OSx 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3X Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Time-z ns 1 nno lmnossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25.x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Tim-c nE I nno Imoossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

Times as Long 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Impossible Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

I NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Timrc AC I nno Imnossible 

Incompatible, Other 

I 

GROSS MOTOR L!CHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

‘Nb Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times BC 1 nnv hossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful. Annovinn. Restrictive, . -. 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .sox I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other - 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

J Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other I 

. 
, 

EQUIPMENT ITEM #23 BODY ARMOR 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO I 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific 1 I 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2X 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I J Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Timec n Lnne Impossible Incompatible, Other I 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times ils Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effecl 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I I I 

NoEffect I.OSx 1.10x 1.2s~ I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Tilnec;aseete 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Incompatible, Other 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #24 ENSEMBLE (1) 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific --...-A 

VISUAL tasks 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other I 

I Titnes as Long hnpossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2% I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Tinwr nr 1 nno Imoossible Incompatible, Other I 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive. 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long hnpossible Incompatible, Other - 

_ - -7 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

No Effect I.OSx 1.10x 1.25x 1.50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Times as Long hnpossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I I I 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive. -* 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I 50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I 

‘=I 1.05x 1.10~ 1.25x 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times BS Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2% I .50x I .75x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

le 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #25 ENSEMBLE (21 

I I I 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO 

I I 

(Item is: Standard 

I 

Mission-Specific -----A 

No Effccl 1.0%~ 1.10x 1.25x 

VISUAL tasks 

I.SOx 

I I 

1.7sx 

I 

2x 

I I 

Times as Long 

I 

NoEffecc 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25~ I sax I .15x 2x 

Times as Long 

NUMERICAL tasks 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

3x Makes Task 

J 

Impossible 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Incompatible, Other 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Impossible 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05.x 1.10x 1.2.5~ I .SOx I .75x 2x 3X Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect I.OSx 1.10~ 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3X Makes Task 

Titnm ZIP I nnc lmoossible Incompatible, Other 

FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks 

I I I I I 

NoEffect I.OSx 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 

Times as Long 

I 

2x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3X Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

1 GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, I 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

N6 Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25~ I.SOx I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Time nc I nw hmossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Ho& Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effecl 1.0% 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times as Long 

1 COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

If lime increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

If! 
EQUIPMENT ITEM #26 ENSEMBLE (31 

AFFECTS TIME TO DO I 

Overall Equipment Rating: Bulky, Hot, Cold, Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, 

Restrictive, Incompatible, Other I 

(Item is: Standard Mission-Specific -) I I 

I 

VISUAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.0%. 1.10.x 1.25x I .50x 1.15x 2x 3X Makes Task Incompatible, Other 

Times as Long Impossible 

NUMERICAL tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.0%. 1.10x 1.2% I .50x 1.75x 2x 3X Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

COGNITIVE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 1 I I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.0.5x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Timer m I nno lmnossible 

Incompatible, Other 

I 

FINE MOTOR DISCRETE tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

1 FINE MOTOR CONTINUOUS tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I I 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I 30x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Til”,v IIC I nno Imnossible 

Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR LIGHT tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

Nd Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x 150x I .15x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible Incompatible, Other 

GROSS MOTOR HEAVY tasks If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I I I I I I I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

NoEffect 1.05x 1.10x 1.2% I .50x I .75x 2x 3x Makes Task 

Times as Long Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (READ &WRITE) tasks 

I I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x I .75x 2x 

Times BS Long 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task 

Impossible 

Incompatible, Other 

COMMUNICATIONS (ORAL) tasks 

I I I I I 

No Effect 1.05x 1.10x 1.25x I .50x 1.15x 

If time increases, mark reason(s): Bulky, Hot, Cold, 

I Uncomfortable, Heavy, Painful, Annoying, Restrictive, 

3x Makes Task Incompatible, Other 
APPENDIX B 

LISTINGS OF SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED WITH 

EACH GROUP INTERVIEW SESSION 

59 
INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK 

60 
LISTINGS OF SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED WITH 

EACH GROUP INTERVIEW SESSION 

Units and Aircraft 

Equipment 

Item 

Undergarment 

Coverall 

Overgarment 

(2) 

Overgarment 

(3) 

Socks 

Liners, feet 

Boots 

Overshoes 

Liners, hands 

Gloves(l) 

Gloves(2) 

Overgloves 

Masks 

Helmet 

Other 

Garments 

Side Arm 

Holster 

Survival Vest 

Flotation vest 

Extraction 

Harness 

Raft 

Body Armor 

Ensemble(l) 

Ensemble(2) 

Ensemble( 3) 

1Olst 

UH-60 

1Olst 

AH-64 

160th 

AH-6 

160th 

MH-60 

160th 

MH47 

Army issue 

Nomex flight 

suit (old) 

ABDU 

gpg; 

Flight 

coverall 

ABDU 

Type most 

worn 

Tri Service 

ABDU 

Nomex 

Tri Service 

ABDU 

Type most 

worn 

Tri Service 

ABDU 

Light 

Aviators 

jacket 

Heavy 

Aviators 

jacket 

issue (wool) 

Li ht Tanker 

a 

Old Coverall Old Coverall Old Coverall 

jac et 

Heavy Jacket Mustang Suit 

type most Type most 

worn worn 

Mustang Suit 

Type most 

worn 

Mustang Suit 

Type most 

worn 

Boots of 

choice (black 

type most Type most Type most Type most 

worn . worn worn worn 

9mm Beretta 

SRU-21 

!hm Beretta 

SRU-21 

integrated 

SRU-21 

LPU-10 

9mm Beretta 

Thigh holster 

Overgarment Overgarment 

9mm Beretta 9mm Beretta 

Thigh holster Thigh holster 

SARVSO SARVSO SARVSO 

LPU-21 LI’F LPU-21 LPU-21 LPF 

D ring on vest D ring on vest D ring on vest 

ceramic 

kevlar 

Dry Suit 

From Survival From Survival From Survival 

vest vest vest 

chicken plate 

Standard 

1 flight gear 

Standard Standard Standard Standard 

flight gear flight gear flight gear flight gear 

1 NBC ensemble NBC ensemble NBC ensemble NBC ensemble NBC ensemble 

61 
Units and Aircraft (continued) 

, 

227th 227th 110 CAV 229th 130th 

AH-64 UH-60 OH-58 AH-64 AH-64 

Equipment 

It&XUndergarment Tee shirt & Tee shirt & Tee shirt & Type most 

cotton briefs cotton briefs cotton briefs 

Type most 

worn worn 

Coverall Old Coverall Old Coverall Old Coverall Old Coverall Old Coverall 

-garment ABDU ABDU ABDU ABDU ABDU 

k I 

tergaxment 

( 1 

pment 

Mustang Suit 

Socks Wool issue Wool issue Wool issue Type most Wool issue 

Liners, feet 

Boots Type most Type most Type most Type most Type most 

worn worn worn worn worn 

Overshoes NBC NBC 

Liners, hands Wool liner 

Gloves( 1) Nomex flight Nomex flight Nomex flight 

glove 

Nomex flight 

glove glove glove 

Nooeex flight 

m iz - . . _.1 . . 

I GlovPsf2~ -_- -- - I 

1 Overgloves I NBC 

I - 

1 Masks 

I 

I Leather dove Leather glove Cold Weather 

1 NBC Butyl NBC 

1 rubber - 

_. _ - - - .- I -.--- M41 I __- M24 - I M43 I , h YI43 M43 

Helmet IHAADS HGU-56 HGU-56 IHADDS IHAADS 

I SPH-4B _--- -~ 

Other Balaclava 

Gamwnis -- _--. - ____ I 

Side Arm ~Rer&ta _. --_-__- I 9mmBeretta 9mm Beretta 9mm Beretta 9mm Beretta 

Holster I SRT , VA-J-21 1 SRU-21 Shoulder SRU-21 

Surviv.., al Voct . _I- , “A.- -- I SRTL31 , I I SRTL31 -. - - - SRU-21 SRU-21 

Floatation I LPU-10 I LPU-10 LPU-10 

62 
APPENDIX C 

FREQUENCY COUNTS FOR THE REASONS ASSOCIATED WITH 

THE EQUIPMENT ITEMS AND ENSEMBLES AND THEIR 

RESPECTIVE DEGRADATIONS 

63 
64 

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

. 
FREQUENCY COUNTS FOR THE REASONS ASSOCIATED WITH 

THE EQUIPMENT ITEMS AND ENSEMBLES AND THEIR 

RESPECTIVE DEGRADATIONS 

Mustang Suit FMD GML GMH Overall 

1 Bulky 7 9 9 4 

2 Hot 1 1 3 1 

3 - Cnld ---- 

4 1 1 1 1 

UncoIIlfnrtahlP 

5 HKWI I ----. ’ I L L 0 

6 Painful 

v A ----A-- ‘) 

--_- -. 

1 

_ estrictive 1 2 2 3 

9 Incomoatible 

I wersnoes I uvm I wverall I 

1 Bulky 14 11 14 

2 Hot 2 1 4 

3 Cold 

I &comfortable 1 - 1 - 1 - I 

15 Heavy 13 12 13 I 

Liners, hands I FMD I FMC I Overall 

1 Bulkv I I I 

2 Hot 

3 Cold 

4 Uncomfortable 1 

5 Heavy 

6 Painful 

7hnovine 1 1 1 

8 Restrictive 

9 Incompatible 

0 Other 1 1 1 

*VIS: visual, NUM: numerical, COG: co itive, FMD: fine motor discrete, FMC: fine motor 

continuous, GML: gross motor light, GM ir : 

CORAL: communications oral 

gross motor heavy, CRW: communications read &write, 

65 
Cold Weather 1 FMD 1 Overall 1 

Glove 

1 D..ll,,, 

I I 

113 la I 

I lJLul\y , IL , / 

3 Hnt I I I 

3 Cold 2 4 

4 Uncomfortable 1 

5 Heavy 

6 Painful 

7Annoying 1 3 

8 Restrictive 6 5 

9 Incompatible 1 1 

0 Other 2 3 

3 & Hnt LA”. 4 14 IZ IZ IL I 0 I 

3 Cold i 1 - 1 3 

4 6 6 3 5 2 10 

Uncomfortable 

5 Heavy 2 2 2 2 2 1 

- _ _ 6 Painful 

7 Annoying 7 5 4 4 2 9 

_ 

.-Mctive 12 8 10 8 7 12 - 

9 Tnrnmnatible 8 7 7 6 4 10 

‘1 1 3 

. 

66 
. 

Raft 

1 Bulky 

2 Hot 

3 Cold 

FMC Overall 

2 4 

I Uncomfc xtable 

5 Heavy 11 11 16 15 16 

t; Psinfill 1 1 c) ‘) L 

. -- 

8Restrlctlve IY IY ~3 ~4 16 

9 Incompatible 5 4 4 6 6 

0 Other 1 5 

67 
patible I I I I I I I 

0 Other 1 1 1 12 (2 11 1 1 I2 12 

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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 

hbnkl January 200 1 Final 

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 

Development of Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT) Performance 

Degradation Factors for the Air Warrior Program AMS Code 622716 

Project No. AH70 

6. AUTHOR(S) 

Salvi, L. (ARL) 

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS 

U.S. Army Research Laboratory 

Human Research & Engineering Directorate 

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5425 

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 

REPORT NUMBER 

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS 

U.S. Army Research Laboratory 

Human Research & Engineering Directorate 

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5425 

Il. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 

10. SPONSORING/MONITORING 

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 

ARL-TR-23 11 

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE 

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) 

The Human Research & Engineering Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory was asked by the Program Manager for 

Aircrew Integrated Systems (PM ACIS) to examine the effects of clothing and individual equipment (CIE) and aircrew life 

support equipment (ALSE) on the perfotmance of Army aviators. These effects were quantified in terms of the additional time 

needed to perform certain types of tasks as a direct result of the equipment and ensembles. Through the completion of detailed 

questionnaires by subject matter experts, estimates of performance were collected and analyzed, and a set of performance 

degradation factors was developed. 

This methodology was developed in concert with the modeling tool, the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool 

(IMPRINT), in order to predict the effects of CIE and ALSE on mission- and system-level performance through detailed 

computer modeling. This metho-dology demonstrated success in converting otherwise subjective data into a quantifiable and 

generalizable modeling approach. 

14. SUBJECT TERMS 

Air Warrior ensembles 

clothing equipment 

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 

OF REPORT 

Unclassified 

IMPRINT performance degradation 

modeling stressors 

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 

OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT 

Unclassified Unclassified 

15. NUMBER OF PAGES 

80 

16. PRICE CODE 

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 

m._-__..A r_- ,-,n” In..., * en\ 

NSN 7540-Ol-280-5500 s,anoaro r”llll LJD (r-l”“. c-x7, 

Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 75 

298-102