Metal Detector Battery Longevity Study

by Jennifer Mullins, Donald Porschet, and John Hopkins

ARL-TR-5282 August 2010

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 
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Army Research Laboratory

Adelphi, MD 20783-1197

ARL-TR-5282 August 2010

Metal Detector Battery Longevity Study

Jennifer Mullins, Donald Porschet, and John Hopkins

Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, ARL

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 
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Metal Detector Battery Longevity Study 

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Jennifer Mullins, Donald Porschet, and John Hopkins 

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13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 

14. ABSTRACT 

We conducted a battery longevity study on seven metal detectors: the Vallon VMC1, Vallon VMH3CS, Garrett RECON-PRO 

AML-1000, MineLab F3, Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530, Scheibel Mini Mine Detector (MIMID), and the Ceia Compact Metal 

Detector (CMD). The test consisted of two separate phases: root mean square (RMS) current draw with associated low battery 

threshold determination and waveform capture of the source current and voltage for each unit. We ran additional tests to 

review the turn-on and turn-off waveforms for each unit. The service life of the system will vary according to the system’s 

operating environment; quality and brand of batteries; operating conditions; and condition of battery storage. Based on our 

experiments, we determined that the Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530 will operate 56 h while the Ceia CMD will only function for 

5 h per set of batteries. The remaining five mine detectors fell into the 10 to 30 h range with regard to operational longevity.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Alkaline battery, metal detector, longevity 

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:

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Jennifer Mullins 

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iii

Contents

List of Figures iv

List of Tables v

1. Introduction 1

2. Experimental Setup 2

3. Results 3

4. Conclusion 6

5. References 7

Appendix A. Voltage and Current Graphs: Ceia CMD 9

Appendix B. Voltage and Current Graphs: Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530 13

Appendix C. Voltage and Current Graphs: Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 15

Appendix D. Voltage and Current Graphs: MineLab F3 19

Appendix E. Voltage and Current Graphs: Scheibel MIMID 23

Appendix F. Voltage and Current Graphs: Vallon VMC1 27

Appendix G. Voltage and Current Graphs: Vallon VMH3CS 31

Distribution List 34
iv

List of Figures

Figure 1. Example battery mockup..................................................................................................2

Figure 2. Test apparatus...................................................................................................................2

Figure 3. Power consumption per system........................................................................................3

Figure 4. Power consumption per battery cell. ................................................................................4

Figure 5. Estimated operational time per set of batteries.................................................................4

Note: Normalized to the Duracell Coppertop brand........................................................................4

Figure 6. Total weight and volume of batteries required to operate each model for 50 h...............5

Note: Normalized to the Duracell Coppertop brand........................................................................5

Figure 7. Total number of batteries and total cost of the batteries required to operate each 

model for 50 h............................................................................................................................6

Note: Normalized to the Duracell Coppertop brand........................................................................6

Figure A-1. Ceia CMD turn-on for two C-cell batteries..................................................................9

Figure A-2. Ceia CMD nominal operation-unexcited mode for two C-cell batteries. ..................10

Figure A-3. Ceia CMD event detection-excited mode for two C-cell batteries. ...........................10

Figure A-4. Ceia CMD turn-off for two C-cell batteries...............................................................11

Figure B-1. Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530 turn-on for three D-cell batteries. ...................................13

Figure B-2. Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530 nominal operation and event detection for three Dcell batteries. ............................................................................................................................14

Figure B-3. Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530 turn-off for three D-cell batteries....................................14

Figure C-1. Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 turn-on for four AA-cell batteries. ......................15

Figure C-2. Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 nominal operation-unexcited mode for four 

AA-cell batteries. .....................................................................................................................16

Figure C-3. Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 event detection-excited mode for four AA-cell 

batteries....................................................................................................................................16

Figure C-4. Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 turn-off for four AA-cell batteries.......................17

Figure D-1. MineLab F3 turn-on for four D-cell batteries. ...........................................................19

Figure D-2. MineLab F3 nominal operation-unexcited mode for four D-cell batteries. ...............20

Figure D-3. MineLab F3 event detection-excited mode for four D-cell batteries. ........................20

Figure D-4. MineLab F3 turn-off for four D-cell batteries............................................................21

Figure E-1. Scheibel MIMID turn-on for four AA-cell batteries. .................................................23

Figure E-2. Scheibel MIMID nominal operation-unexcited mode for four AA-cell batteries. .....24

Figure E-3. Scheibel MIMID event detection-excited mode for four AA-cell batteries...............24
v

Figure E-4. Scheibel MIMID turn-off for four AA-cell batteries..................................................25

Figure F-1. Vallon VMC1 turn-on for three C-cell batteries.........................................................27

Figure F-2. Vallon VMC1 nominal operation-unexcited mode for three C-cell batteries.............28

Figure F-3. Vallon VMC1 event detection-excited mode for three C-cell batteries. ....................28

Figure F-4. Vallon VMC1 turn-off for three C-cell batteries. .......................................................29

Figure G-1. Vallon VMH3CS turn-on for three D-cell batteries...................................................31

Figure G-2. Vallon VMH3CS nominal operation-unexcited mode for three D-cell batteries.......32

Figure G-3. Vallon VMH3CS event detection-excited mode for three D-cell batteries. ..............32

Figure G-4. Vallon VMH3CS turn-off for three D-cell batteries. .................................................33

List of Tables

Table 1. Operational breakdown for 50 h of use with Duracell Alkaline Manganese Dioxide 

(Coppertop) batteries. ................................................................................................................5
vi

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
1

1. Introduction

Metal detectors have long been used by the U.S. Army for functions ranging from mine detection 

to geologic field studies to infrastructure improvement projects. A complete set of lab tests were 

conducted by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi, MD, to classify the various 

units in terms of sensitivity, capability, ergonomics, and longevity. This report focuses on the 

experiments conducted to quantify each unit’s operational longevity and presents all relative 

battery life results.

Seven metal detectors were selected to determine the approximate battery life expectancy for 

each system. The following systems were evaluated:

• Vallon VMC1, serial number (SN): 1251

• Vallon VMH3CS, SN: 9523

• Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000, SN: 49400514

• MineLab F3, SN: N00617

• Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530, SN: 03316

• Scheibel Mini Mine Detector (MIMID), SN: 8227

• Ceia Compact Metal Detector (CMD), SN: 20814042051

Normalization of each system was provided by Duracell Alkaline Manganese Dioxide 

(Coppertop) batteries operating at an ambient temperature of 21 °C. Although there was slight 

variation in sourced power from the high to low end of the cell voltage, the difference was 

minimal in the context of this study. For this study, we assumed that the systems operated in a 

near constant power mode relative to the installed batteries.

The test consisted of two separate phases: a root mean square (RMS) current draw with an 

associated low battery threshold determination and a waveform capture of the source current and 

voltage for each unit. We ran additional tests to review the turn-on and turn-off waveforms for 

each unit. Due to the power-on/off duty cycle and the short startup duration, we determined that 

these events, although substantially higher in monitored current, would not contribute to the 

long-term power draw on each battery pack.
2

2. Experimental Setup

We used a standard Agilent, bench-top power supply to emulate each respective mine detector 

battery pack. Due to limited battery compartment accessibility in each of the detectors, we 

fabricated nylon battery pack mockups (figure 1) for each brand of detector. These mockups

allowed the operator to manually source power while accurately measuring voltage and current 

during each phase of testing.

Figure 1. Example battery mockup.

Waveform data was collected with a Tektronix TDS3054 Oscilloscope, Tektronix TCP312 

current probe, and a standard 10× oscilloscope probe (figure 2). All units tested during this phase 

of the evolution were supplied with fresh batteries and were operated at a nominal lab 

temperature of 21 °C. The waveforms are presented as a visual indicator of the load placed on 

each respective battery set. 

Figure 2. Test apparatus.

nylon 

mockup
3

3. Results

We made the following two assumptions: (1) the metal detector systems work under a constant 

power mode and (2) the power on/off and event detection-excited mode contribute minimally to 

the long-term power draw on the battery pack. Based on these assumptions, we calculated the 

power consumption for each system as a whole and for each individual battery cell using the 

nominal operation-unexcited mode data. Figures 3 and 4 show the results of these calculations, 

respectively.

Power Consumption per System

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Vallon

VMC1

Vallon

VMH3CS

Garrett

RECONPRO

AML-1000

MineLab

F3

Foerster

Minex

2FD

4.530

Scheibel

MIMID

Ceia CMD

Model

Power Consumption (W)

Unexcited 

Excited

Figure 3. Power consumption per system.
4

Power Consumption per Battery Cell

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Vallon

VMC1

Vallon

VMH3CS

Garrett

RECONPRO

AML-1000

MineLab

F3

Foerster

Minex

2FD

4.530

Scheibel

MIMID

Ceia CMD

Model

Power Consumption (W)

Unexcited 

Excited

Figure 4. Power consumption per battery cell.

Using the power consumption per battery calculated in this study, we calculated the approximate 

battery service life expectancy per system. We normalized this life expectancy using Duracell 

Alkaline Manganese Dioxide (Coppertop) batteries as well as the typical discharge 

characteristics at 21 °C provided by Duracell. Figure 5 shows the approximate service life 

expectancies.

Laboratory Estimated Service Life

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Vallon

VMC1

Vallon

VMH3CS

Garrett

RECONPRO AML1000

MineLab F3 Foerster

Minex 2FD

4.530

Scheibel

MIMID

Ceia CMD

Model

Hours

Laboratory

Estimated

Service Life

Figure 5. Estimated operational time per set of batteries.

Note: Normalized to the Duracell Coppertop brand.
5

Additionally, we compared the number, weight, volume, and cost of batteries if all seven metal 

detectors were operated for 50 h using commonly available Duracell Alkaline-Manganese 

Dioxide (Coppertop) batteries. The results of these calculations are summarized in table 1 and 

further illustrated in figures 6 and 7.

Table 1. Operational breakdown for 50 h of use with Duracell Alkaline Manganese Dioxide (Coppertop) batteries. 

Detector Model Vallon 

VMC1

Vallon 

VMH3CS

Garrett 

RECON-PRO 

AML-1000

MineLab 

F3

Foerster 

Minex 

2FD 4.530

Scheibel 

MIMID

Ceia 

CMD

Size C-cell

MN1400

D-cell

MN1300

AA-cell

MN1500

D-cell

MN1300

D-cell

MN1300

AA-cell

MN1500

C-cell

MN1400

Total No. of 

Batteries Required 15 6 40 8 3 20 20

Total Weight (kg) 1.04 0.83 0.96 1.11 0.42 0.48 1.38

Total Volume 

(cubic cm) 404 338 336 451 169 168 538

Approximate Cost 

per Battery $1.92 $2.61 $0.83 $2.61 $2.61 $0.83 $1.92 

Total Cost ($) $28.74 $15.66 $33.20 $20.88 $7.83 $16.60 $38.33 

Approximate Total Weight and Volume of Batteries 

Required for 50 Operating Hours

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Vallon

VMC1

Vallon

VMH3CS

Garrett

RECONPRO

AML1000

MineLab

F3

Foerster

Minex

2FD

4.530

Scheibel

MIMID

Ceia

CMD

Model

Total Battery

Weight (g)

Total Volume

(cubic cm)

Figure 6. Total weight and volume of batteries required to operate each model for 50 h.

Note: Normalized to the Duracell Coppertop brand.
6

Approximate Total Batteries and Total Cost of

Batteries Required for 50 Operating Hours

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Vallon

VMC1

Vallon

VMH3CS

Garrett

RECONPRO AML1000

MineLab

F3

Foerster

Minex 2FD

4.530

Scheibel

MIMID

Ceia CMD

Model

Total Number of

Batteries Required

Total Cost ($)

Figure 7. Total number of batteries and total cost of the batteries required to operate each 

model for 50 h.

Note: Normalized to the Duracell Coppertop brand.

4. Conclusion

As the weight burden on both the mounted and dismounted Soldier in the field increases, all 

systems are undergoing greater scrutiny with regard to size, weight, and power. All man-portable 

electronic systems must not only perform at optimal levels, but must do so with a minimum 

number of batteries. This study provided one piece of relevant data required to assess metal

detectors and determine the best system for deployed units in various field of operation.

In this study, we estimated the battery life expectancy for seven metal detectors using Duracell 

Alkaline Manganese Dioxide (Coppertop) batteries. Generally, the service life of the system will 

vary according the system’s operating environment; quality and brand of batteries; operating 

conditions; and condition of battery storage. We determined that the Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530 

has the longest estimated service life, 56 h per set of batteries. The Ceia CMD had the shortest 

estimated service life, only 5 h per set of batteries. The Vallon VMH3CS and MineLab F3 

demonstrated similar estimated service lives at 31 and 32 h per set of batteries, respectively. The 

Vallon VMC1, Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000, and Scheibel MIMID displayed estimated 

service lives ranging from 10 to 12 h per set of batteries.
7

5. References

1. House of Batteries Web site. Duracell Coppertop, MN1300, Size: D (LR50), AlkalineManganese Dioxide Batteries, Duracell: Bethel, CT, August 2006. 

http://www.houseofbatteries.com/pdf/MN1300 (accessed 28 October 2009).

2. House of Batteries Web site. Duracell Coppertop, MN1400, Size: C (LR14), AlkalineManganese Dioxide Batteries, Duracell: Bethel, CT, August 2006. 

http://www.houseofbatteries.com/pdf/MN1400 (accessed 28 October 2009).

3. House of Batteries Web site. Duracell Coppertop, MN1500, Size: AA (LR6), AlkalineManganese Dioxide Batteries, Duracell: Bethel, CT, August 2006. 28 October 2009. 

http://www.houseofbatteries.com/pdf/MN1500 (accessed 28 October 2009).
8

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
9

Appendix A. Voltage and Current Graphs: Ceia CMD

Figures A-1 through A-4 show the voltage and current graphs for the Ceia CMD.

Ceia CMD

Turn On

2 C-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure A-1. Ceia CMD turn-on for two C-cell batteries.
10

Ceia CMD

Nominal Operation-Unexcited Mode

2 C-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure A-2. Ceia CMD nominal operation-unexcited mode for two C-cell batteries.

Ceia CMD

Event Detection-Excited Mode

2 C-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure A-3. Ceia CMD event detection-excited mode for two C-cell batteries.
11

Ceia CMD

Turn Off

2 C-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure A-4. Ceia CMD turn-off for two C-cell batteries.
12

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
13

Appendix B. Voltage and Current Graphs: Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530

Figures B-1 through B-3 show the voltage and current graphs for the Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530.

Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530

Turn On

3 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure B-1. Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530 turn-on for three D-cell batteries.
14

Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530

Nominal Operation and Event Detection

3 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure B-2. Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530 nominal operation and event detection for three D-cell 

batteries.

Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530

Turn Off

3 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure B-3. Foerster Minex 2FD 4.530 turn-off for three D-cell batteries.

Event-Excited Mode

Nominal-Unexcited Mode Nominal-Unexcited Mode
15

Appendix C. Voltage and Current Graphs: Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000

Figures C-1 through C-4 show the voltage and current graphs for the Garrett RECON-PRO 

AML-1000. Note: The graphs show the battery voltage and battery current for one battery stack 

of four AA-cell batteries. The system operates with two identical battery stacks operating in 

parallel.

Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 

Turn On 

4 AA-cell Batteries*

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure C-1. Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 turn-on for four AA-cell batteries.
16

Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 

Nominal Operation-Unexcited Mode 

4 AA-cell Batteries*

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure C-2. Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 nominal operation-unexcited mode for four AA-cell 

batteries.

Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 

Event Detection-Excited Mode 

4 AA-cell Batteries*

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure C-3. Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 event detection-excited mode for four AA-cell batteries.
17

Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 

Turn Off

4 AA-cell Batteries*

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure C-4. Garrett RECON-PRO AML-1000 turn-off for four AA-cell batteries.
18

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
19

Appendix D. Voltage and Current Graphs: MineLab F3

Figures D-1 through D-4 show the voltage and current graphs for the MineLab F3.

MineLab F3 

Turn On 

4 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure D-1. MineLab F3 turn-on for four D-cell batteries.
20

MineLab F3

Nominal Operation-Unexcited Mode

4 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure D-2. MineLab F3 nominal operation-unexcited mode for four D-cell batteries.

MineLab F3 

Event Detection-Excited Mode 

4 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure D-3. MineLab F3 event detection-excited mode for four D-cell batteries.
21

MineLab F3

Turn Off

4 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure D-4. MineLab F3 turn-off for four D-cell batteries.
22

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
23

Appendix E. Voltage and Current Graphs: Scheibel MIMID

Figures E-1 through E-4 show the voltage and current graphs for the Scheibel MIMID.

Scheibel MIMID 

Turn On

4 AA-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure E-1. Scheibel MIMID turn-on for four AA-cell batteries.
24

Scheibel MIMID

Nominal Operation-Unexcited Mode

4 AA-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure E-2. Scheibel MIMID nominal operation-unexcited mode for four AA-cell batteries.

Scheibel MIMID 

Event Detection-Excited Mode 

4 AA-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure E-3. Scheibel MIMID event detection-excited mode for four AA-cell batteries.
25

Scheibel MIMID

Turn Off 

4AA-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure E-4. Scheibel MIMID turn-off for four AA-cell batteries.
26

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
27

Appendix F. Voltage and Current Graphs: Vallon VMC1

Figures F-1 through F-4 show the voltage and current graphs for the Vallon VMC1.

Vallon VMC1

Turn On

3 C-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure F-1. Vallon VMC1 turn-on for three C-cell batteries.
28

Vallon VMC1

Nominal Operation-Unexcited Mode

3 C-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure F-2. Vallon VMC1 nominal operation-unexcited mode for three C-cell batteries.

Vallon VMC1 

Event Detection-Excited Mode

3 C-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure F-3. Vallon VMC1 event detection-excited mode for three C-cell batteries.
29

Vallon VMC1

Turn Off

3 C-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure F-4. Vallon VMC1 turn-off for three C-cell batteries.
30

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
31

Appendix G. Voltage and Current Graphs: Vallon VMH3CS

Figures G-1 through G-4 show the voltage and current graphs for the Vallon VMH3CS.

Vallon VMH3CS

Turn On

3 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure G-1. Vallon VMH3CS turn-on for three D-cell batteries.
32

Vallon VMH3CS

Nominal Operation-Unexcited State

3 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure G-2. Vallon VMH3CS nominal operation-unexcited mode for three D-cell batteries.

Vallon VMH3CS 

Event Detection-Excited Mode 

3 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure G-3. Vallon VMH3CS event detection-excited mode for three D-cell batteries.
33

Vallon VMH3CS

Turn Off

3 D-cell Batteries

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Time (sec)

Battery Voltage (VDC)

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Battery Current (A)

Voltage

Current

Figure G-4. Vallon VMH3CS turn-off for three D-cell batteries.
34

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
35

NO. OF

COPIES ORGANIZATION

1 ADMNSTR

ELECT DEFNS TECHL INFO CTR

ATTN DTIC OCP

8725 JOHN J KINGMAN RD STE 0944

FT BELVOIR VA 22060-6218

1 CD OFC OF THE SECY OF DEFNS

ATTN ODDRE (R&AT)

THE PENTAGON

WASHINGTON DC 20301-3080

1 US ARMY RSRCH DEV AND ENGRG

CMND

ARMAMENT RSRCH DEV & ENGRG

CTR 

ARMAMENT ENGRG & TECHNLGY

CTR

ATTN AMSRD AAR AEF T 

J MATTS

BLDG 305

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

21005-5001

1 PM TIMS, PROFILER (MMS-P)

AN/TMQ-52

ATTN B GRIFFIES 

BUILDING 563

FT MONMOUTH NJ 07703

1 US ARMY INFO SYS ENGRG CMND

ATTN AMSEL IE TD A RIVERA

FT HUACHUCA AZ 85613-5300

1 COMMANDER

US ARMY RDECOM

ATTN AMSRD AMR 

W C MCCORKLE

5400 FOWLER RD

REDSTONE ARSENAL AL 35898-5000

NO. OF

COPIES ORGANIZATION

1 US GOVERNMENT PRINT OFF

DEPOSITORY RECEIVING SECTION

ATTN MAIL STOP IDAD J TATE

732 NORTH CAPITOL ST NW

WASHINGTON DC 20402

1 US ARMY RSRCH LAB

ATTN RDRL CIM G T LANDFRIED

BLDG 4600

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

21005-5066

17 HCS US ARMY RSRCH LAB

1 CD ATTN IMNE ALC HRR MAIL &

RECORDS MGMT

ATTN RDRL CIM L TECHL LIB

ATTN RDRL CIM P TECHL PUB

ATTN RDRL SED C C LUNDGREN

ATTN RDRL SED C J MULLINS

(10 COPIES, 1 CD)

ATTN RDRL SED P B GEIL

ATTN RDRL SED P D PORSCHET

ATTN RDRL SED P J HOPKINS

ADELPHI MD 20783-1197

TOTAL: 26 (23 HCS, 2 CDS, 1 ELECT)
36

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.