# APPENDIX 8-F. REBUTTABLE PAYBACK ANALYSIS RESULTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8-F.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................8-F-1

8-F.2 ENERGY CALCULATIONS.................................................................................8-F-1

8-F.2.1 Water Heaters..........................................................................................................8-F-1

8-F.2.2 Pool Heaters............................................................................................................8-F-2

8-F.2.3 Direct Heating Equipment ......................................................................................8-F-3

8-F.3 RESULTS TABLES ...............................................................................................8-F-4

8-F.3.1 Water Heaters..........................................................................................................8-F-4

8-F.3.2 Pool Heaters............................................................................................................8-F-9

8-F.3.3 Direct Heating Equipment ....................................................................................8-F-11

LIST OF TABLES

Table 8-F.3.1 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 40 Gal. Gas-fired Storage

Water Heaters..............................................................................................8-F-5

Table 8-F.3.2 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 50 Gal. Electric Storage Water

Heaters ........................................................................................................8-F-6

Table 8-F.3.3 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 32 Gal. Oil-fired Storage

Water Heaters..............................................................................................8-F-7

Table 8-F.3.4 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 199 kBtu/h Gas-fired

Instantaneous Water Heaters.......................................................................8-F-8

Table 8-F.3.5 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 250 kBtu/h Gas-fired Pool

Heaters (Baseline with Standing Pilot).......................................................8-F-9

Table 8-F.3.6 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 250 kBtu/h Gas-fired Pool

Heaters (Baseline with Electronic Ignition)..............................................8-F-10

Table 8-F.3.7 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for Gas-fired Fan Wall Furnaces

(Over 42,000 Btu/hr).................................................................................8-F-11

Table 8-F.3.8 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for Gas-fired Gravity Wall

Furnaces (over 27,000 Btu/h, up to 46,000 Btu/h) ...................................8-F-12

Table 8-F.3.9 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for Gas-fired Floor Furnaces (over

37,000 Btu/h) ............................................................................................8-F-13

Table 8-F.3.10 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for Room Heaters (over 27,000

Btu/h, up to 46,000 Btu/h) ........................................................................8-F-14

8-F-i

# APPENDIX 8-F. REBUTTABLE PAYBACK ANALYSIS RESULTS

8-F.1 INTRODUCTION

This appendix contains the cost and efficiency tables described in Chapter 8. DOE

based the payback periods on the calculation methodology found in the DOE Residential

Water Heaters, Direct Heating Equipment, and Pool Heaters test procedures; these

payback periods may differ from those found under field conditions.

8-F.2 ENERGY CALCULATIONS

8-F.2.1 Water Heaters

The energy consumption in the LCC analysis is determined using the DOE test

procedure. The DOE test procedure calculates annual energy consumption, E annual 

# , as

1 

# follows:

E

annual 

# = 365 × Q

dm



# Where:

Q dm 

# = the daily water heating energy consumption, btu/day, and

365 = number of days in a year.

Using test procedure equations, Q dm 

# is calculated to be equal to

o o 

# M

total 

# × C

p 

# × 

# ( 135 F

− 58 F 

# )

Q

dm 

# = EF

Where:

EF = energy factor,

M total 

# = mass associated with all 6 draws, lb,

C

p 

# = the specific heat of water computed at a temperature of (58 deg F +

135 deg F), btu/lb deg F,

135 o 

# F = tank thermostat setpoint temperature, o 

# F,

58 o 

# F = inlet water temperature, o 

# F, and

Q dm 

# = the daily water heating energy consumption, btu/day.

M total 

# is calculated by multiplying the total volume of water withdrawn (64.3

gallons) times water density (8.204 lb/gallon) at the mean outlet water temp (135 o 

# F water

temp). M total 

# equals 527.5 lb/day. C

p 

# equals 0.9979 Btu/lb °F.

For gas-fired storage water heaters, gas-fired instantaneous water heaters, and oilfired storage water heaters, it is necessary to disaggregate the electricity and fuel

consumption, since Q dm 

# is the sum of fuel and electricity consumption. DOE calculated

electricity consumption by determining burner operating hours and assuming electricity

8-F-1

# consumption when the burner was on and when it was off. DOE calculated gas

consumption by subtracting electricity consumption from total water heater energy

consumption (Q dm 

# ).

8-F.2.2 Pool Heaters

DOE calculated the average annual fossil fuel energy, E F 

# , using the DOE test

2 

# procedure:

E

F 

# = BOH × Q

IN 

# − ( POH

− BOH ) × Q

P



# Where:

BOH = burner operating hours,

Q IN 

# = pool heater input rate, kBtu/h,

POH = pool operating hours, h/yr, and

Q P 

# = pilot light input rate, kBtu/yr.

To calculate differences in energy use by improved efficiency levels BOH was

calculated as follows:

LOAD BOH

= Q

IN 

# × E

t



# Where:

BOH = 

# burner operating hours,

LOAD 

# = pool heater heating load,

Q IN 

# = 

# pool heater input rate, kBtu/h, and

E

t 

# = thermal efficiency.

Q IN 

# is 250 kbtu/h. The pool heater heating load is calculated to be 203 therms for

the baseline 78% thermal efficiency equipment and then set fixed for all other design

options.

DOE calculated the electricity consumption at selected energy efficiency levels

for each household using the method provided in the DOE test procedure:

EF

= 

# BOH × 

# PE



# Where:

BOH = 

# burner operating hours, and

PE = 

# electrical consumption of the heater.

8-F-2

# 8-F.2.3 Direct Heating Equipment

DOE calculated the average annual fuel energy for gas or oil vented heaters, E F 

# , for single-stage direct heating equipment using the following formula from the current

3 

# revision of DOE’s test procedure:

E

F 

# = BOH

SS 

# × 

# ( Q

IN 

# − Q

P 

# ) + 

# 8760 × Q

P



# Where:

BOH 

# = burner operating hours, h,

Q in 

# = input capacity, kBtu/h (at the max input rate),

8760 = hours per year, and

Q

p 

# = pilot light input rate, kBtu/h.

The burner operating hours are calculated as follows:

BOH

SS 

# = 

# 1416 × A

F 

# × A × DHR

− 

# 1416 × B



# Where:

1,416 = national average heating load hours, h,

A F 

# = adjustment factor (0.7067),

PE 

# = maximum electric power, kW,

100,000 A



# =

, 341,000 × PE + 

# ( Q

in 

# − Q

P 

# ) × 

# η

U



# DHR 

# = typical design heating requirements based on Q OUT 

# , 2,938 × Q

P 

# × 

# η

U 

# × A

B 

# = 100,000

100,000 = factor that accounts for percent and kBtu

Q P 

# = pilot light input rate, kBtu/h



# 2950 × AFUE × η

SS 

# × Q

in 

# η U 

# = 

# 2950 × η

SS 

# × Q

in 

# − AFUE × 2.033 × 4600 × Q

P



# η SS 

# = steady state efficiency

DHR value only needs to be established for the baseline unit. Although each

design option affects the output capacity of the heater, the DHR is assumed to be

established according to the specifications of the baseline unit and remains constant

regardless of how the output capacity is affected.

The steady state efficiency ( 

# η SS 

# ) is calculated by solving for 

# η SS 

# in the equation

given in section 4.1.17 in the DOE test procedure.

The electricity consumption is calculated as follows:

8-F-3

# E

AE 

# = BOH

SS 

# × PE



# Where:

BOH SS 

# = burner operating hours, h, and

PE 

# = electricity demand when the product is firing, kW.



# 8-F.3 RESULTS TABLES

Table 8-F.3.1 through Table 8-F.3.10 show the results for the calculation of the

rebuttable paypack for the three products.



# 8-F.3.1 Water Heaters

8-F-4Table 8-F.3.1 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 40 Gal. Gas-fired Storage Water HeatersCost DataEnergy Use DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level Energy FactorDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Fuel Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$MMBtu/yrkWh/yr$$/yryears00.59Standing Pilot, 1” ins$160$221$359$600$824.910$958$32210.62Standing Pilot, 1.5” ins$167$230$9$370$600$823.710$970$3070.820.63Standing Pilot, 2” ins$175$242$21$386$602$823.330$988$3031.530.64Electronic Ignition, 1” ins,Power Vent$276$381$160$567$927$1222.46151$1,493$31251.240.65Electronic Ignition, 1.5”ins, Power Vent$283$391$170$580$927$1222.11150$1,506$30736.750.66Electronic Ignition, 2” ins,Power Vent$291$402$181$594$929$1221.77149$1,523$30329.260.77Condensing, 2” ins,Power Vent$425$587$366$835$938$1218.63141$1,772$26313.6*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-5Table 8-F.3.2 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 50 Gal. Electric Storage Water HeatersCost DataEnergyUse DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level Energy FactorDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$kWh/yr$$/yryears00.901.5" Foam Insulation (Baseline)$122$168$265$402$04,796$667$52210.912" Foam Insulation$128$177$9$277$404$04,744$680$5162.420.922.25" Foam Insulation$132$182$14$283$404$04,692$687$5111.830.932.5" Foam Insulation$136$188$20$291$425$04,642$716$5052.940.943" Foam Insulation$144$199$31$305$457$04,593$762$5004.350.954" Foam Insulation$160$221$53$333$457$04,545$791$4954.562.20Heat Pump Water Heater$490$675$507$921$561$61,967$1,482$2202.7*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-6Table 8-F.3.3 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 32 Gal. Oil-fired Storage Water HeatersCost DataEnergy Use DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level Energy FactorDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Fuel Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$MMBtu/yrkWh/yr$$/yryears00.531” Fiberglass Insulation(Baseline)$510$704$1,132$625$15327.6688$1,756$58110.541.5” Fiberglass Insulation$518$715$11$1,146$625$15327.1486$1,770$5731.820.562” Fiberglass Insulation$529$730$26$1,165$644$15326.1783$1,810$5582.330.582.5” Fiberglass Insulation$539$744$40$1,183$644$15325.2780$1,828$5441.940.602” Foam Insulation$534$737$33$1,174$644$15324.4377$1,819$5311.250.622.5” Foam Insulation$547$755$51$1,198$644$15323.6475$1,842$5191.460.661” Fiberglass Insulation,Enhanced Flue Baffle$540$745$41$1,185$889$15322.2070$2,074$4973.81” Foam Insulation,70.68Enhanced Flue Baffle$551$760$56$1,204$1,022$15321.5568$2,226$4865.0(Max Tech)*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-7Table 8-F.3.4 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 199 kBtu/h Gas-fired Instantaneous Water HeatersCost DataEnergy Use DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level Energy FactorDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Fuel Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$MMBtu/yrkWh/yr$$/yryears00.62Standing Pilot (Baseline)$225$326$543$987$9223.860.00$1,530$39410.69Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$235$341$15$563$987$9221.440.00$1,550$3630.720.78Electronic Ignition,Improved HX$270$392$66$632$1,134$9418.8826.59$1,765$3364.130.80Electronic Ignition, PowerVent$343$497$171$773$1,134$10518.3831.57$1,907$3407.1Electronic Ignition,40.82Improved HX, Power$361$523$197$808$1,134$10517.9331.40$1,942$3357.0VentElectronic Ignition,50.84Improved HX, Power$379$550$224$845$1,134$10517.5131.23$1,978$3297.0VentElectronic Ignition,60.85Improved HX, Direct$388$563$237$862$1,134$10517.3031.15$1,996$3276.9Vent, Power Vent70.92Condensing (Max Tech)$643$932$606$1,360$937$10515.9830.65$2,296$3109.1*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-88-F.3.2 Pool HeatersTable 8-F.3.5 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 250 kBtu/h Gas-fired Pool Heaters (Baseline with Standing Pilot)Cost DataEnergy Use DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level Thermal EfficiencyDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Burner Operting Hours (BOH) Fuel Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$hrsMMBtu/yrkWh/yr$$/yryears078%Standing Pilot (Baseline)$520$718$1,222$1,114$3710430.390.00$2,336$491179%Improved HX$531$733$15$1,242$1,114$3710330.060.00$2,357$4864.2281%Improved HX$544$751$33$1,267$1,114$3710029.420.00$2,382$4773.2Improved HX, More382%Effective Insulation$559$771$53$1,295$1,114$379929.120.00$2,409$4723.9(Combustion Chamber)483%Power Venting$648$894$172$1,459$1,232$329824.465.14$2,691$4034.0584%Power Venting, ImprovedHX$664$916$194$1,489$1,232$329724.175.08$2,722$3984.2686%Sealed Combustion,Improved HX$691$954$232$1,542$1,232$429423.604.96$2,774$3994.8790%Sealed Combustion,Condensing$903$1,246$524$1,944$1,332$429022.564.74$3,277$3848.7Sealed Combustion,895%Condensing, Improved$961$1,326$604$2,055$1,332$428521.374.49$3,387$3668.4HX (Max-Tech)*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-9Table 8-F.3.6 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for 250 kBtu/h Gas-fired Pool Heaters (Baseline with ElectronicIgnition)Cost DataEnergy Use DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level Thermal EfficiencyDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Burner Operting Hours (BOH) Fuel Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$hrsMMBtu/yrkWh/yr$$/yryears078%Electronic Ignition(Baseline)$523$722$1,228$1,232$2910426.030.26$2,461$418179%Improved HX$534$737$15$1,242$1,232$2910325.700.26$2,475$4132.8281%Improved HX$547$755$33$1,267$1,232$2910025.060.25$2,500$4042.7Improved HX, More382%Effective Insulation$578$798$76$1,326$1,232$299924.760.25$2,559$3995.2(Combustion Chamber)483%Power Venting$648$894$172$1,459$1,232$329824.465.14$2,691$40315.1584%Power Venting, ImprovedHX$664$916$194$1,489$1,232$329724.175.08$2,722$39813.3686%Sealed Combustion,Improved HX$691$954$232$1,542$1,232$429423.604.96$2,774$39916.9790%Sealed Combustion,Condensing$903$1,246$524$1,944$1,332$429022.564.74$3,277$38423.7Sealed Combustion,895%Condensing, Improved$961$1,326$604$2,055$1,332$428521.374.49$3,387$36617.7HX (Max-Tech)*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-108-F.3.3 Direct Heating EquipmentTable 8-F.3.7 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for Gas-fired Fan Wall Furnaces (Over 42,000 Btu/hr)Cost DataEnergy Use DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level AFUEDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Burner Operting Hours (BOH) Fuel Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$hrsMMBtu/yrkWh/yr$$/yryears074%Standing Pilot (Baseline)$355$490$976$793$6484949.8361.60$1,769$745175%Electronic Ignition, Two-Speed Blower$382$527$37$1,036$793$6788048.3967.05$1,829$7293.6276%Electronic Ignition,Improved HX$396$546$56$1,067$793$6786847.7666.17$1,860$7203.6Electronic Ignition, Two377%Speed Blower, Improved$413$570$80$1,106$793$6785747.1565.32$1,899$7123.9HXElectronic Ignition,480%Induced Draft (Max­$468$646$156$1,229$793$7682245.21103.75$2,022$6995.5Tech)*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-11Table 8-F.3.8 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for Gas-fired Gravity Wall Furnaces (over 27,000 Btu/h, up to 46,000Btu/h)Cost DataEnergy Use DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level Thermal EfficiencyDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Burner Operting Hours (BOH) Fuel Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$hrsMMBtu/yrkWh/yr$$/yryears064%Standing Pilot (Baseline)$198$273$534$793$5284732.800.00$1,328$491166%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$224$309$36$592$793$5282031.860.00$1,385$4784.6268%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$231$319$46$608$793$5279430.970.00$1,401$4663.0371%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$259$357$84$669$793$5275829.740.00$1,462$4503.3472%Electronic Ignition$284$392$119$725$964$5481228.4313.16$1,689$4366.6575%Induced Draft (Max-Tech)$337$465$192$842$964$6377527.1251.29$1,806$4328.1*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-12Table 8-F.3.9 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for Gas-fired Floor Furnaces (over 37,000 Btu/h)Cost DataEnergy Use DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level Thermal EfficiencyDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Burner Operting Hours (BOH) Fuel Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$hrsMMBtu/yrkWh/yr$$/yryears057%Standing Pilot (Baseline)$338$466$893$1,118$5280753.640.00$2,011$744158%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$353$487$21$926$1,118$52793530.00$2,044$7322.9261%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$368$508$42$959$1,118$5275250.260.00$2,077$7001.5362%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$383$529$63$992$1,118$5274049.480.00$2,110$6901.8465%Electronic Ignition,Improved HX$410$566$100$1,050$1,309$5474446.1212.05$2,359$6503.7578%Induced Draft (Max-Tech)$468$646$180$1,176$1,309$7661538.1577.65$2,485$5772.8*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-13Table 8-F.3.10 Rebuttable Payback Analysis Table for Room Heaters (over 27,000 Btu/h, up to 46,000 Btu/h)Cost DataEnergy Use DataSummary EconomicsManufacturer CostsConsumer Costs

Efficiency Level Thermal EfficiencyDesign Option($ per unit)($ per unit)

Manufacturer Production Cost (MPC) Total Manufacturer Selling Price (MSP) Incremental MSP Retail Installation Maintenance & Repair Burner Operting Hours (BOH) Fuel Electricity Total Installed Costs Total Operating Costs Simple Payback2007$2007$2007$$$$hrsMMBtu/yrkWh/yr$$/yryears064%Standing Pilot (Baseline)$221$305$638$611$5285532.700.00$1,249$531165%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$237$327$22$675$611$5284132.220.00$1,286$5245.3266%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$252$348$43$711$611$5282831.760.00$1,321$5175.2367%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$267$368$63$744$611$5281531.310.00$1,355$5115.2468%Standing Pilot, ImprovedHX$282$389$84$780$611$5280230.870.00$1,391$5045.3570%Electronic Ignition$307$424$119$839$714$5483629.2510.53$1,553$4846.4678%Induced Draft$361$498$193$964$714$7674025.8993.36$1,678$4666.6793%Condensing (Max-Tech)$552$762$457$1,410$714$7662221.7778.50$2,124$4046.9*The manufacturing production cost (MPC) includes the direct labor, direct material, and direct overhead.** The manufacturing selling price (MSP) includes manufacturer profit and non-production costs, such as selling, general and administrative expenses, researchand development, and interest.8-F-14

# REFERENCES

1. Department Of Energy, Appendix E to Subpart B of Part 430-Uniform Test Method For

Measuring The Energy Consumption Of Water Heaters 

# . filed as "WH Test Procedure 10

CFR 430 subpart B, Appendix E".

2. Department Of Energy, Appendix P to Subpart B of Part 430-Uniform Test Method For

Measuring The Energy Consumption Of Pool Heaters 

# . filed as "PH Test Procedure 10

CFR 430 subpart B, Appendix P".

3. Department Of Energy, Appendix O to Subpart B of Part 430-Uniform Test Method For

Measuring The Energy Consumption Of Vented Home Heating Equipment 

# . filed as "WH

Test Procedure 10 CFR 430 subpart B, Appendix E".

8-F-15