Feasibility Studies of New High Altitude Electromagnetic 

Pulse Test Materials 

by Max Polun

ARL-TR-3677 November 2005 

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 
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Army Research Laboratory 

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ARL-TR-3677 November 2005 

Feasibility Studies of New High Altitude Electromagnetic 

Pulse Test Materials 

Max Polun 

Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, ARL 

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 
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Feasibility Studies of New High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Test Materials 

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Max Polun 

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14. ABSTRACT 

The danger of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) is one of many threats that an Army facility must be capable of 

surviving. A standard method of testing the HEMP survivability of these facilities exists. However, it is not capable of being

used in all situations. This feasibility study used a series of experimental test methods and unique antenna designs to evaluate 

more flexible methods. The findings indicate that several of the antennae tested have suitable dynamic range characteristics and 

that alternative system designs can be employed where space limitations and other factors preclude use of the standard method. 

15. SUBJECT TERMS

HEMP hardening, antenna, fiber-optic 

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:

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Max Polun 

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(301) 394-2016 

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) 

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 
Contents 

List of Figures iv

List of Tables v

Background 1

Test Approach 1

Antenna Factors 3

The Measured Data 6

Conclusions 22

Distribution 27 

iii
List of Figures 

Figure 1. Single fiber-optic measurement approach.......................................................................2 

Figure 2. Multi-fiber-optic measurement approach.........................................................................3 

Figure 3. Rough spiral design – for fabrication. .............................................................................4 

Figure 4. Scale model facility test bed............................................................................................5 

Figure 5. Antenna test set-up polarizations.....................................................................................6 

Figure 6. Andrews and bi-logic; parallel orientation......................................................................7 

Figure 7. Andrews and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation............................................................7 

Figure 8. Andrews and bi-logic; parallel orientation.......................................................................8 

Figure 9. Andrews and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation............................................................8 

Figure 10. Andrews and loop; parallel orientation. ........................................................................9 

Figure 11. Andrews and loop; perpendicular orientation. ...............................................................9 

Figure 12. Andrews and bi-logic; parallel orientation...................................................................10 

Figure 13. Andrews and loop; perpendicular orientation. ............................................................10 

Figure 14. TMS and bi-logic; parallel orientation. .......................................................................11 

Figure 15. TMS and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation. .............................................................11 

Figure 16. TMS and loop; parallel orientation..............................................................................12 

Figure 17. TMS and loop; perpendicular orientation....................................................................12 

Figure 18. TMS and loop; parallel orientation..............................................................................13 

Figure 19. TMS and loop; perpendicular orientation....................................................................13 

Figure 20. Bi-logic and bi-logic; parallel orientation. ..................................................................14 

Figure 21. Bi-logic and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation. ........................................................14 

Figure 22. Bi-logic and bi-logic; parallel orientation. ..................................................................15 

Figure 23. Bi-logic and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation. ........................................................15 

Figure 24. Loop and loop; parallel orientation. ............................................................................16 

Figure 25. Loop and loop; perpendicular orientation. ..................................................................16 

Figure 26. Loop and loop; coaxial orientation..............................................................................17 

Figure 27. Loop and loop; parallel orientation. ............................................................................17 

Figure 28. Loop and loop; perpendicular orientation. ..................................................................18 

Figure 29. Loop and loop; coaxial orientation..............................................................................18 

Figure 30. Spiral and bi-logic. ......................................................................................................19 

Figure 31. Spiral and bi-logic. ......................................................................................................19 

iv
Figure 32. Spiral and loop; coaxial orientation.............................................................................20 

Figure 33. Spiral and loop; parallel orientation. ...........................................................................20 

Figure 34. Spiral and loop; coaxial orientation.............................................................................21 

Figure 35. Spiral and loop; parallel orientation. ...........................................................................21 

Figure 36. Dynamic range – spiral................................................................................................23 

Figure 37. Dynamic range – Andrews coax..................................................................................24 

Figure 38. TMS coax – dynamic range.........................................................................................25 

List of Tables 

Table 1. Logarithmic spiral equation..............................................................................................4 

v
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. 

vi
Background 

The danger of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) is one of many threats that an Army 

facility must be capable of surviving. To this end the Army has been testing and hardening many 

of their facilities against the electromagnetic environment produced by the detonation of a 

nuclear weapon. There is a standard method of testing the HEMP hardness of a facility. 

However, it is not capable of being used in all situations, specifically due to space constraints in 

the test geometry. 

A method using a fiber-optic system to electromagnetically isolate both the receiving and the 

transmitting antennae from a network analyzer and amplifier was devised. Additionally, 

alternative antenna designs were evaluated with a view to minimize physical space requirements 

while, at the same time, maximizing the measurable system bandwidth. As a result, this 

feasibility study used a series of experimental test methods to evaluate the performance of the 

unique antenna designs in a variety of configurations that could, as a result, offer more flexibility 

and require less physical space than is presently required. 

Test Approach 

The approach measures and compares the difference in power received from a transmission of a 

known signal over a known distance of air and the reduction of signal over a hardened interface. 

There are many ways that this general idea can be implemented, however. Previous methods 

using a frequency oscillator and spectrum analyzer were used to create the signal and view it. 

This approach is limited in that only a single test frequency can be monitored at a time. Because 

of the time involved in making such a measurement, this approach usually results in fewer 

frequencies being tested. 

Improvements to this approach can be realized by using a network analyzer to both generate and 

analyze the signal, allowing a whole range of frequencies to be tested in less time than it would 

take to measure a single frequency. An additional benefit to this approach is that the data 

collected by the network analyzer can be easily transferred to a computer for analysis and 

storage. One important challenge to this setup is to minimize, or eliminate, electromagnetic 

interference (EMI) between the transmit and receive paths, which could be complicated since the 

network analyzer serves as signal source and receiver. 

In order to be successful, the two network analyzer paths had to be electromagnetically separate 

from each other, yet still allow signal to travel between the two. Fiber-optic cables and data 

systems are ideal for this situation, as the cables are unaffected by EMI and can support a 

1
potentially broad frequency range of data signals and information. A highly effective test setup 

using a single length of fiber-optic cable with a corresponding transmitter and receiver (shown 

by figure 1) was used. 

Fiber-optic receiver

Amp 

Network 

analyzer 

Fiber-optic 

Transmitter 

The original test setup Transmitting Antenna Receiving Antenna 

Tested material

Figure 1. Single fiber-optic measurement approach. 

This test approach is generally well understood, and can be reliably and accurately performed 

with fewer personnel than the original method using spectrum analyzers. However, there are 

limitations, based on physical constraints, that can prevent the test from producing measurable 

results. 

One constraint encountered where there is no access port to allow a fiber-optic cable through the 

hardened material to the transmitting antenna. In this situation, the single frequency oscillator 

and spectrum analyzer method has to be used. Additionally, in some situations (due to the 

geometry of the location), there may be no way to ensure that the network analyzer is both 

separated from the transmitting antenna and, at the same time, connected to the receiving 

antenna. In such cases, it is better to separate the network analyzer from both the receiving and 

transmitting antennae than to allow EMI to induce distortions in the signal, and possibly change 

the electromagnetic signature of the system. 

To avoid this, a new setup was assembled and studied. This approach used two fiber-optic 

systems (figure 2) and each separated section had its own independent and isolated power 

supply. 

2
From the outset, it was generally believed that this setup should perform exactly like the original 

and be of more general use than its predecessors. However, some possible shortfalls were 

anticipated. For example, if the fiber-optic data systems are the most complicated part of the test 

setup, this new approach would essentially double the complexity of the test. As another 

example, the multi-fiber-optic system might experience too much unrecoverable signal loss due 

to converting the copper-carried signals to and from fiber-optics. This would result in the multifiber-optic system having insufficient dynamic range. As a result, an experiment was in order. 

Fiber-optic receiver

Amp 

Network 

analyzer 

Fiber-optic 

Transmitter 

Fiber-optic 

Receiver 

The new test setup 

Fiber-optic 

transmitter 

Transmitting Antenna Receiving Antenna

Tested material

Figure 2. Multi-fiber-optic measurement approach. 

Antenna Factors 

In addition to determining the general suitability of this test approach, the other goal was to 

determine what alternative antenna types could be used that had sufficient dynamic range for 

meeting the data measurement requirements and still satisfy a reduced physical size. In order to 

resolve these questions, we tested a variety of antennae in the test setup. Among the types of 

receiving antenna used were two types created from slotted coaxial cables and one spiral 

antenna. 

One coaxial antenna was fabricated using a type of cable manufactured by Andrews company. 

This is called “Radiax” and is noted to have reinforcing members and is very sturdy physically. 

3
The other was fabricated by Times Microwave Systems (TMS) and was thinner and likely less 

durable. 

The other receiving antenna types used were a wide-band spiral originally designed and 

fabricated at Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and two types of commercial off-the-shelf 

antennae, a loop and a bi-logic. Design of the spiral was based upon the following criteria: 

Table 1. Logarithmic spiral equation. 

(In polar coordinates): 

The inner right spiral: r = 0.5 e0.1103*θ

Outer right: r = 0.5 e0.1103* θ + 0.1823

Inner left: r = -0.5 e0.1103* θ

Outer left: r = -0.5 e0.1103* θ + 0.1823

The resulting design was used in the fabricating process: 

Figure 3. Rough spiral design – for fabrication. 

The two types of transmitting antennae used were also the loop and the bi-logic. (Both loops and 

bi-logic antennae were manufactured by AH Systems). 

The range of test frequencies was from 10 kHz to 1 GHz. Two network analyzers, both 

manufactured by Hewlett Packard, were used to satisfy the test data range requirements. One 

model had an operating range from 20 MHz to 3 GHz. The second network analyzer had an 

operating range from 10 kHz to 20 MHz. Two separate fiber-optic systems were also used for 

the study. One was manufactured by the Nanofast company, the other by EOD. Both fiber-optic 

systems had an effective operating range that included the 10 KHz to 1 GHz requirement. 

4
The test was conducted at ARL’s Scale Model Facility, with the network analyzer separated 

from the antennae sufficient distance to ensure no detrimental EMI effects. The general 

geometry for the tests were as described in figure 4. All three parts (transmitter, receiver, and 

analyzer) used separate power supplies to avoid any electromagnetic cross-talk. One used 

commercial power, one used an external generator, and one used a battery. 

Network 

analyzer 

Transmitting 

antenna 

Receiving antenna 

Amp

Fiber-optic converters not 

shown 

Figure 4. Scale model facility test bed. 

The dynamic range of each tests set-up was calculated by taking the power response given by the 

network analyzer, and subtracting out any known attenuations (or amplification) and the 

measured background picked up by the antenna. The higher the dynamic range, the less power 

was lost in the signal. Therefore, a high dynamic range was desirable. The IEEE specifications 

were used to identify acceptable dynamic range characteristics.1 

As an end-user requirement, acceptable dynamic range capabilities had to meet, or exceed for 

any given frequency (f), the following: 20*log (f) –62.1 or 80 dB, whichever is lower. 

Different polarities (physical positions) of the transmit and receive antennas were investigated. 

In some cases, these changes were dictated by the geometry of the antennae. Although 

measurements were made using three different polarities, “parallel”, “perpendicular”, and 

“coaxial”, most combinations of antennae only used parallel or perpendicular orientations. 

 “Coaxial” polarization occurs when the planes formed by rotating the antennae intersect each 

other and the intersected area is within the physical area of only one antenna. This is graphically 

shown in figure 5. 

 1

 IEEE Std. 299-1997: IEEE standard method for measuring the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding enclosures. 

5
Parallel Perpendicular Coaxial 

Figure 5. Antenna test set-up polarizations. 

The Measured Data 

The data collected for the study is shown in the following plots. 

6
Dynamic Range data. 

107 108 109 −10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: Andrews Coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=10, parallel

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 6. Andrews and bi-logic; parallel orientation. 

107 108 109 −20

−10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: Andrews Coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=10, perpendicular

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 7. Andrews and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation. 

7
107 108 109 −10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: Andrews Coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=5, parallel

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 8. Andrews and bi-logic; parallel orientation. 

107 108 109 −20

−10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: Andrews Coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=5, perpendicular

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 9. Andrews and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation. 

8
104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: Andrews Coax, transmitter: loop, d=5, parallel

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 10. Andrews and loop; parallel orientation. 

104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: Andrews Coax, transmitter: loop, d=5, perpendicular

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 11. Andrews and loop; perpendicular orientation. 

9
107 108 109 30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: TMS coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=10ft, parallel

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 12. Andrews and bi-logic; parallel orientation. 

107 108 109 30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: TMS coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=10, perpendicular

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 13. Andrews and loop; perpendicular orientation. 

10
107 108 109 40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: TMS coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=5, parallel

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 14. TMS and bi-logic; parallel orientation. 

107 108 109 30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: TMS coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=5, perpendicular

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 15. TMS and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation. 

11
104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: TMS coax, transmitter: loop, d=5, parallel

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 16. TMS and loop; parallel orientation. 

104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: TMS coax, transmitter: loop, d=5, pendicular

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 17. TMS and loop; perpendicular orientation. 

12
104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: TMS coax, transmitter: loop, d=10, parallel

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 18. TMS and loop; parallel orientation. 

104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: TMS coax, transmitter: loop, d=10, perpendicular

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 19. TMS and loop; perpendicular orientation. 

13
107 108 109 80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: bi−...−logic, d=10, parallel

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 20. Bi-logic and bi-logic; parallel orientation. 

107 108 109 60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: bi−...−logic, d=10, perpendicular

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 21. Bi-logic and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation. 

14
107 108 109 80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: bi−logic, transmitter: bi−logic, d=5, parallel

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 22. Bi-logic and bi-logic; parallel orientation. 

107 108 109 50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: bi−...−logic, d=5, perpendicular

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 23. Bi-logic and bi-logic; perpendicular orientation. 

15
104 105 106 107 108 −20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: loop, transmitter: loop, d=10, parallel

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 24. Loop and loop; parallel orientation. 

104 105 106 107 108 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: loop, transmitter: loop, d=10, perpendicular

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 25. Loop and loop; perpendicular orientation. 

16
104 105 106 107 108 −20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: loop, transmitter: loop, d=10, coaxial

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 26. Loop and loop; coaxial orientation. 

104 105 106 107 108 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: loop, transmitter: loop, d=5, parallel

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 27. Loop and loop; parallel orientation. 

17
104 105 106 107 108 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: loop, transmitter: loop, d=5, perpendicular

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 28. Loop and loop; perpendicular orientation. 

104 105 106 107 108 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: loop, transmitter: loop, d=5, coaxial

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 29. Loop and loop; coaxial orientation. 

18
107 108 109 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: spiral, transmitter: bi−logic, d=10

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 30. Spiral and bi-logic. 

107 108 109 20

40

60

80

100

120

140

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: spiral, transmitter: bi−logic, d=5

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 31. Spiral and bi-logic. 

19
104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: spiral, transmitter: loop, d=10, coaxial

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 32. Spiral and loop; coaxial orientation. 

104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: spiral, transmitter: loop, d=10

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 33. Spiral and loop; parallel orientation. 

20
104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: spiral, transmitter: loop, d=5, coaxial

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 34. Spiral and loop; coaxial orientation. 

104 105 106 107 108 −40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

F(Hz )

dB

Dynamic range receiver: spiral, transmitter: loop, d=5

Dynamic range

spec

minimum nessisary

Figure 35. Spiral and loop; parallel orientation. 

21
Conclusions 

It appears that at least some combinations of antennae and polarizations have sufficient dynamic 

range to meet the minimum requirements. A dynamic range of 80 dB or more is recommended 

for higher frequencies, and certainly the bi-logic to bi-logic setup has more than that (in most 

cases a factor of 20 dB or more). 

The spiral antenna results appeared quite promising. The advantage of the spiral antenna is that 

it would make possible measurements in places where measurements would have previously 

been difficult or impossible. There are uncertainties about the spiral antenna, however. The 

uncertainties about the spiral antenna’s data only affects the lower range of frequencies, so as 

long as the antenna is only used to test high frequencies (on the order of 50-1000 MHz) it would 

likely produce acceptable results. 

An advancement on the basic spiral antenna design would be to increase its’ effective length (the 

length of the spirals). This could be done by fabricating a spiral antenna larger than the one used 

for the laboratory tests. The result would be in a useable range lower than the 50 MHz noted by 

the data plots. 

A second improvement could possibly be realized through the use of a balun in the spiral 

antenna. A balun is a balanced load to unbalanced load transformer, and can typically increase 

the capabilities through more efficient electrical loading conditions. 

One additional note is the “dip” in the dynamic range at about 100 MHz, which is caused by the 

characteristic profile of the bi-logic transmitting antenna and so is probably not a problem with 

the spiral itself. 

The spiral’s dynamic range results are as shown in figure 36. 

22
107 108 109 20

40

60

80

100

120

140

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: spiral, transmitter: bi−logic, d=5

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 36. Dynamic range – spiral. 

The Andrews Coax does not appear to be suitable as an antenna. The system was tested twice, 

with the better results shown in figure 37. Sufficient dynamic range cannot be achieved using 

this cable. 

23
107 108 109 −20

−10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: Andrews Coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=10, perpendicular

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 37. Dynamic range – Andrews coax. 

The TMS coax does have sufficient dynamic range in the higher frequencies from about 50 MHz 

to about 500 MHz as shown in figure 38. 

24
107 108 109 40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

F(Hz )

dB 

Dynamic range receiver: TMS coax, transmitter: bi−logic, d=5, parallel

Dynamic range

minimum nessisary

Figure 38. TMS coax – dynamic range. 

Space permitting, the loop and Bi-logic antennae should be able to act as transmitters over the 

necessary range of frequencies. When space does not permit the Bi-logic or loop antennae to be 

used, variations of the TMS coax and spiral should perform adequately. 

These new approaches, both single and multi-fiber-optic measurement systems, lend themselves 

to additional improvements and uses. The spectral characteristics of the antennae may be 

improved so as to increase the overall band-pass characteristics. Use of a higher power amplifier 

than the 10 watts used could also increase the dynamic range results for a variety of antenna 

combinations. Follow-on efforts that evaluate the variations and improvements are warranted 

and will be performed in the near-term in other-than-laboratory conditions. 

25
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. 

26
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AND TECHLGY) 

ATTN SAAL-TT M MILLER 

2511 JEFFERSON DAVIS HWY STE 9000 

ARLINGTON VA 22202 

HDQTRS DEPT OF THE ARMY 

ATTN DAMI-FIT B SMITH 

2511 JEFFERSON DAVIS HWY STE 9300 

ARLINGTON VA 22302-3910 
HQ USAFE/SCNM 

ATTN SMSGT M BOYD 

BLDG 494 

RAMSTEIN FLUGPLATZ 

GERMANY 

HQDA ODCS G-3/5/7 

ATTN DAMO-SSD M F ALTFELD 

400 ARMY PENTAGON 

WASHINGTON DC 30210-0400 

JOINT CHIEF OF STAFF J8/FDPAD 

ATTN MAJ J CLARKE 

PENTAGON, ROOM 1D940 

WASHINGTON DC 20318-8000 

US MILITARY ACDMY 

MATHEMATICAL SCI CTR OF 

EXCELLENCE 

ATTN LTC E NAASENS 

ATTN LTC MORGAN 

THAYER HALL RM 226C 

WEST POINT NY 10996-1786 

PEO EIS, PM DCATS 

ATTN J JOO 

FT MONMOUTH NJ 07703 

PM DSCS TERMINALS, PM DCATS 

ATTN AMSEL-IS-TSA-DSA 

C BENJAMIN 

ATTN AMSEL-IS-TSA-DSA V HANEY 

ATTN SFAE-PS-TS-DSC 

A B RICHMOND 

ATTN SFAE-PS-TS-DSC M E BRYANT 

ATTN SFAE-PS-TS-DSC R HYERS 

ATTN AMSEL-IS-TSA-DSA 

D SINGLETON 

ATTN AMSEL-IS-TSA-DSA 

G CHRISTOPHE 

BLDG 209 

FT MONMOUTH NJ 07703-5000 

PM WIN-T 

ATTN SFAE-C3T-WIN J R SHIELDS 

BLDG 914 

FT MONMOUTH NJ 07703 

PROJECT MANAGER CLOSE COMBAT 

SYSTEMS 

ATTN AMSTA-DSA-MC 

R ANDREJKOVICS 

BLDG 162 N 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 07806-5000 

RRMC-ENO 

ATTN M ALLEN 

201 BEASLEY DR STE 100 

FT DETRICK MD 21702-5029 

SMC/GPA 

2420 VELA WAY STE 1866 

EL SEGUNDO CA 90245-4659 

TECOM 

ATTN AMSTE-CL 

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD 

21005-5057 

US ARMY AIR DEFNS ARTILLERY 

SCHL 

ATTN ATSA-TSM-F COL JASSEY 

ATTN ATSA-CD M E COCHRANE 

5800 CARTER ROAD 

FT BLISS TX 79916-3802 

US ARMY ARMOR CTR 

ATTN ATZK-CDP M BOSEMER 

ATTN ATZK-FD COL KALB 

ATTN ATZK-MW S BLASKE 

ATTN ATZK-TS COL C F MOLAR 

FT KNOX KY 40121-5201 

US ARMY AVN CTR & SCHL 

ATTN ATZQ-TSM-C COL C L GANT JR 

FT RUCKER AL 36362-5010 

28
COMMANDING GENERAL 

US ARMY AVN & MIS CMND 

ATTN AMSAM-RD W C MCCORKLE 

ATTN AMSMI-RD-ST-WF 

D LOVELACE 

ATTN AMSRD-AMR-AS-AC 

G HUTCHESON 

ATTN B MULLINS 

REDSTONE ARSENAL AL 35898-5000 

US ARMY AVN & MIS CMND 

AVIATION APPLIED TECHNL DIRCTRT 

ATTN AMSAT-R-TV G BIROCCO 

ATTN SAVRT-R-TV J WOODHOUSE 

FT EUSTIS VA 23604-5577 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY CECOM 

ATTN AMSRD-CER-C2-AP-BA 

M BRUNDAGE 

ATTN AMSRD-CER-C2-AP-BA 

M HENDRICKS 

ATTN AMSRD-CER-C2-AP-BA 

S SLANE 

ATTN AMSRD-CER-C2-AP-BA 

E PLICHTA 

FT MONMOUTH NJ 07703-5703 

US ARMY ELEC PROVING GROUND 

ATTN STEEP-MT-E B WEEKS 

FT HUACHUCA AZ 85613-7110 

US ARMY EVALUATION CTR 

ATTN CSTE-AEC-SVE-S D L SCOTT 

ATTN USAEC-MS A LONCARICH 

4120 SUSQUEHANNA AVE 

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD 

21005-3013 

US ARMY FIELD ARTLRY SCHL 

ATTN ATSF-CD-FDD S WALKER 

FT SILL OK 73503-5600 

US ARMY INFANTRY SCHL 

ATTN ATZB-BV COL T J STRAUSS 

ATTN ATZB-CD COL R HOBBS 

ATTN ATZB-FS COL J S GRIBSCHAW 

ATTN ATZB-TS COL R M TESDAHL 

FT BENNING GA 31905-5400 

US ARMY INFO SYS ENGRG CMND 

ATTN AMSEL-IE-TD F JENIA 

FT HUACHUCA AZ 85613-5300 

US ARMY INSCOM LAND INFO 

WARFARE ACTVTY 

ATTN LIWA-APD LTC R VRTIS 

ATTN LIWA-APD S BERGMAN 

8825 BELUAH ST 

FT BELVOIR VA 22060-5246 

US ARMY MATERIEL SYS ANAL 

ACTVTY 

ATTN AMXSY-C4I S CHISMAR 

ATTN AMXSY-CA D LIBOWITZ 

ATTN AMXSY-CA D PETERS 

ATTN AMXSY-CA P TOPPER 

ATTN AMXSY-J E ATZINGER 

ATTN AMXSY-SC P BEAVERS 

392 HOPKINS RD 

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD 

21005-5071 

US ARMY NATICK RDEC ACTING 

TECHL DIR 

ATTN SBCN-TP L SAMUELSON 

ATTN SBCN-TP P BRANDLER 

KANSAS STREET BLDG 78 

NATICK MA 01760-5056 

US ARMY NATL GROUND INTLLGNC 

CTR 

ATTN IANG-RMA T CALDWELL 

2055 BOULDERS RD 

CHARLOTTESVILLE VA 22911-8318 

29
US ARMY NETWORK ENTERPRISE 

TECHNLGY CMND 

9TH ARMY SIGNAL COMMAND 

ATTN G4, OFFICE OF THE COMMAND 

ENGINEER D SCHOW 

2133 CUSHING STREET SUITE 2313 

FT HUACHUCA AZ 85613-7070 

US ARMY NETWORK ENTERPRISE 

TECHNLGY CMND 

9TH ARMY SIGNAL COMMAND 

ATTN O WITT 

2133 CUSHING STREET BLDG 61801 

RM 3105 

FT HUACHUCA AZ 85613-7070 

US ARMY NUC & CHEM AGCY 

ATTN MONA-NU R PFEFFER 

7150 HELLER LOOP RD STE 101 

SPRINGFIELD VA 22150 

US ARMY RDECOM CERDEC 

ATTN AMSRD-CER-C2-AP-ES A PATIL 

ATTN AMSRD-CER-C2-AP-ES 

C BOLTON 

ATTN AMSRD-CER-C2-AP-ES 

S MATHEWS 

10125 GRATOIT RD STE 100 

FT BELVOIR VA 22060 

US ARMY RDECOM/ARDEC 

ATTN AMSTA-AR-TD 

ATTN AMSRD-AAR-AEW-E (D) 

B LAGASCA 

ATTN AMSRD-AAR-EM H MOORE 

BLDG 65N 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 07806-5000 

US ARMY SIMULATION TRAIN & 

INSTRMNTN CMND 

ATTN AMSTI-CG M MACEDONIA 

12350 RESEARCH PARKWAY 

ORLANDO FL 32826-3726 

US ARMY SPC & MIS DEFNS CMND 

ATTN SMDC-TC-MT J WACHS 

ATTN SMDC-TC-MT R SNEAD 

ATTN SMDC-TC-TD W K HARDY 

PO BOX 1500 

HUNTSVILLE AL 35807-3801 

US ARMY TACOM 

ATTN AMSTA-ZT G BAKER 

ATTN ATSTA-OE E DI VITO 

WARREN MI 48397-5000 

US ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION 

COMMAND 

ATTN STERT-TE-E-EM J CRAVEN 

REDSTONE TECHNICAL TEST CENTER 

HUNTSVILLE AL 35898-8052 

US ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION 

COMMAND 

MATERIAL TEST DIRECTORATE 

ATTN STEWS-NE J MEASON 

ATTN STEWS-NR-MT-AM J TYREE 

WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM 

88002 

US ARMY TRADOC ANAL CTR 

(TRAC-WSMR) 

ATTN ATRC-WEA D MACKEY 

WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM 

88002-5513 

US ARMY TRADOC BATTLE CMND LAB 

ATTN ATZL-CDB COL HEREDIA 

FT LEAVENWORTH KS 66027-5300 

US ARMY TRADOC HDQTR 

ATTN ATCD-B 

ATTN ATCD-GB W DIXON 

ATTN ATCD-HW F TEAFORD 

FT MONROE VA 23651-1061 

30
NAV AIR WARFARE CTR AIRCRAFT 

DIV 

ATTN E3 DIV S FRAZIER CODE 5.1.7 

UNIT 4 BLDG 966 

PATUXENT RIVER MD 20670-1701 

NAV AIR WARFARE CTR WEAPONS 

DIV 

ATTN CODE 2186 R RANDOLPH 

ATTN CODE 526E00D M HENDERSON 

1 ADMINISTRATION CIRCLE 

CHINA LAKE CA 93555-6100 

NAV RSRCH LAB 

ATTN CODE 6653 P C GROUNDS 

ATTN CODE 6653 T ANDREADIS 

4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW 

WASHINGTON DC 20375-5000 

NAV SURFC WARFARE CTR 

ATTN CODE B-20 D STOUDT 

ATTN CODE B-20 J LATESS 

ATTN CODE B-20 S GRIFFITHS 

ATTN CODE B-20 S MORAN 

ATTN CODE J-52 W LUCADO 

17320 DAHLGREN RD 

DAHLGREN VA 22448-5100 

NAVAIRWARCENWPNDIV 

ATTN CODE 47J100D CAPT K YOUNG 

1900 N KNOX RD STOP 6609 

CHINA LAKE CA 93555-6104 

AIR FORCE INF WARFARE CTR 

453RD EWS/EWC 

ATTN AFIWC/SAA C GILMORE 

102 HALL BLVD STE 331 

SAN ANTONIO TX 78243-7038 

AIR FORCE RSRCH LAB-DIRECTED 

ENERGY DIRECTORATE (PHILLIPS 

CTR) 

ATTN AFRL W L BAKER BLDG 413 

ATTN AFRL/DE M HARRISON 

ATTN AFRL/DEPE D DIETZ 

ATTN AFRL/WSP T W HUSSEY 

ATTN AFRL/WST W WALTON 

3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE 

KIRTLAND NM 87117-5776 

HQ ESC/MCW 

AF TERMINALS PROGRAM OFFICE 

ATTN J FISH 

HANSCOM AFB MA 01730 

MCS (HQ) 

ATTN GIGSG/KCP J THORNE 

HANSCOM AFB MA 01731-1620 

US AIR FORCE RSRCH LAB-INFORM 

DIRECTORATE 

ATTN AFRL/IFED B CLARKE 

32 HANGER RD 

ROME NY 13441-4114 

USSTRATCOMCL113 

ATTN F J METZGER JR 

901 SAC BLVD STE M102 

OFFUTT AFB NE 68113-6300 

LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB 

ATTN L-125 M BLAND 

ATTN L-153 D GOERZ 

PO BOX 808 

LIVERMORE CA 94550 

LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB 

ATTN M/S H851 L WARNER 

ATTN MS H851 A ERICKSON 

ATTN MS H851 M FAZIO 

PO BOX 1663 MAIL STOP 5000 

LOS ALAMOS NM 87545 

31
SANDIA NATL LAB 

ATTN DEPT 15333 G LOUBRIEL 

MS 1153 

ATTN DEPT 15333 T MARRUJO 

MS 1153 

ATTN DIV 1244 L BACON 

PO BOX 5800 

ALBUQUERQUE NM 87185-1153 

FEMMECOMP INC 

ATTN R LOUNSBERY 

14170 NEWBROOK DR 

CHANTILLY VA 20151 

ALION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 

ATTN TACTICAL SYS DIV 

E SCANNELL 

8100 CORPORATE DR STE 400 

LANHAM MD 20785 

DIRECTED TECHNOLOGIES INC 

ATTN N CHESSER 

3601 N WILSON DR STE 650 

ARLINGTON VA 22201 

J D ENGEERING 

ATTN J DANDO 

3103 FOX DEN LN 

OAKTON VA 22124 

JAYCOR 

ATTN W CREVIER 

3700 STATE STRET STE 300 

SANTA BARBARA CA 93105-3128 

MISSION RSRCH CORP 

ATTN M BOLLEN 

8560 CINDERBED RD STE 700 

NEWINGTON VA 22122 

NATL INTLLGNC COUNCIL DIR 

OF CENTRAL INTLLGNC 

ATTN MG J LANDRY USA (RETIRED) 

WASHINGTON DC 20505 

SPARTA 

ATTN R O'CONNOR 

4901 CORPORATE DR STE 102 

HUNTSVILLE AL 35805-6257 

SURVICE ENGINEERING CO 

ATTN A E LAGRANGE 

4695 MILLENIUM DRIVE 

BELCAMP MD 21017 

US ARMY RSRCH LAB 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-CI-OK-TP TECHL 

LIB T LANDFRIED (2 COPIES) 

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD 

21005-5066 

DIRECTOR 

US ARMY RSRCH LAB 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SL J BEILFUSS 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SL-E M STARKS 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-WM-TA 

B ZOLTOSKI 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SL-BB D BELY 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SL-EC E PANUSKA 

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD 

21005-5069 

US ARMY RSRCH LAB 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SL-B 

D FARENWALD 

EDGEWOOD ARSENAL MD 21010-5423 

DIRECTOR 

US ARMY RSRCH LAB 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-RO-EN W D BACH 

PO BOX 12211 

RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC 27709 

US ARMY RSRCH LAB 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SL-EA 

D WILLIAMS 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SL-EA 

G PALOMINO 

WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM 

88002-5513 

32
US ARMY RSRCH LAB 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-CI-OK-T TECHL 

PUB (2 COPIES) 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-CI-OK-TL TECHL 

LIB (2 COPIES) 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-D J M MILLER 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-D J ROCCHIO 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SE-D E SHAFFER 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SE-DE J TATUM 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SE-DE L DILKS 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SE-DE M LITZ 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SE-DE M POLUN 

(10 COPIES) 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SE-DE N TESNY 

(2 COPIES) 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SE-DE R 

ATKINSON (10 COPIES) 

ATTN AMSRD-ARL-SE-DP S BAYNE 

ATTN AMSRL-SE-DS B KING 

(2 COPIES) 

ATTN IMNE-ALC-IMS MAIL & 

RECORDS MGMT 

ADELPHI MD 20783-1197 

33
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. 

34