# PECHAN

5528

- B Hempstead Way

Springfield, VA 22151

703

- 813

- 6700 telephone

703

- 813

- 6729 facsimile

3622 Lyckan Parkway

Suite 2002

Durham, NC 27707

919

- 493

- 3144 telephone

919

- 493

- 3182 facsimile

P.O. Box 1575

Shingle Springs, CA 95682

5 30

- 672

- 0441 telephone

530

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## P ENNSYLVANIA 

## 2002

A REA 

## S OURCE 

## C RITERIA



## A IR 

## P OLLUTANT



## E MISSION 

## E STIMATION



## M ETHODS

Prepared for:

Pennsylvania Department of

Environmental Protection

Bureau of Air Quality

P.O. Box 2357

Harrisburg, PA 1 7105

- 2357

Prepared by:

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

3622 Lyckan Parkway

Suite 2002

Durham, NC 27707

Contract No. SP3580003990

Work Order 9

February 2004

Pechan Rpt. No. 04.02.006/9420.109iii CONTENTS

Page

AREA SOURCE DEFINITION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 1

METHODS FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS

................................ .................. 1 Control Efficiency (CE)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 3 Rule Penetration (RP)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 3 Rule Effectiveness (RE)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 3

Seasonal Emission Calculations

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 4

Point Source Subtractions

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 5

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

– ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

................................ ................................ ................ 9

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

– CROPS (Fertilizer Application) (14 SCCs)

................................ ...................... 9 ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATING (SCC 2401001000)

................................ ................................ ................ 9 ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 10 AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (SCC 2401005000)

................................ ................................ ................................ . 12 BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 13 BREWERIES (SCC 2302070001)

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 14 COAL COMBUSTION (6 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 16

COMMERCIAL AND CONSU MER SOLVENT USE (SCC 2465000000)

................................ .............................. 20 COMMERCIAL COOKING (5 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 21 COMPOSTING (3 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 22 DEGREASING (4 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 23 DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000370)

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 24 ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000)

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 25 ELECTRICAL INSULATION (SCC 2401065000)

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 26 FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000)

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 27 FOREST FIRES (SCC 2810001000)

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 27 FUEL OIL COMBUSTION (3 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 28 GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 32 GRAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 36 HIGH PERFORMANCE INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE SOLVENT (SCC 2401100000)

................................ ... 36 KEROSENE (2 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 37 LANDFILLS (SCC 2620030000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 40 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000)

................................ ................................ ........................... 41 MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000)

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 42 METAL CANS (SCC 2401040000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 42

METAL FURN ITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401025000)

................................ ................................ ................... 43 MISCELLANEOUS FINISHED METAL (SCC 2401050000)

................................ ................................ .................. 44 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090 000)

................................ ................................ ................ 45 NATURAL GAS AND LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) (4 SCCs)

................................ ............................... 45 OPEN BURNING (5 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 51 OTHER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATING (SCC 2401200000)

................................ ................................ ................. 54 OTHER TRANSPORTATION (SCC 2401085000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 55

PESTICIDE APPLICATION (SCC 2461800000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 56 PORTABLE GASOLINE CONTAINERS (SCC 2501060300)

................................ ................................ .................. 56 REFRIGERANT LOSSES (SCC 2399010000)

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 58 PUBLIC OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (3 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ............................... 59 RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION (7 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 60 SOLID WASTE INCINERATION (2 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 61 STRUCTURE FIRES (SCC 2810030000)

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 64 TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 65 WINERIES (SCC 2302070005)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 66 WOOD FURNITURE MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401020000)

................................ ................................ .............. 67

APPENDIX A: REFERENCES

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 1iv [This page intentionally left blank.]1

AREA SOURCE DEFINITION

For emission inventory development purposes, the term “area sources” traditionally refers to

stationar y air pollutant emission sources that are not inventoried at the facility

- level. While point sources are inventoried individually, area sources are typically inventoried at the county level
( Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development Volum e III: Chapter 1 ). 1

Gasoline stations and dry cleaning establishments are often treated as both point and area sources. The main reason they are not exclusively treated as point sources is that the effort required to gather data and estimate emissions for each individual facility is very great, while emissions per facility are generally small. For these sources, a cut

- off point, typically based on annual emissions, usually defines the distinction between point and area. The Consolidated Emissions Reporti ng Rule (CERR) specifies reporting criteria air pollutant (CAP) thresholds for point and area sources, which vary depending on the pollutant and the attainment status of a county (see http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/cerr/index.html ).

Individual emissions sources are grouped with other like sources into source categories. These source categories are grouped in such a way that they can be estimated collectively using one methodology. Most area sourc e categories do not have an analogue in the point source inventory. Pesticide use and commercial/consumer product use are such examples. The boundaries of the
individual activities associated with these sources are often hard to determine or are, at best

, arbitrary. Even within a point source facility, some activities occur that are more easily treated as area source emissions. Some emissions associated with surface coating operations such as equipment cleaning, for example, can be more practically esti mated using area source methods even though other surface coating operations may be reported as part of the point source inventory.

METHODS FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS

Area source emissions are generally estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known indicator or collective activity for each area source category at the county level. Several methodologies are available for estimating area source activity levels and emissions. For this 2002 area source inventory, estimates were derived by (1) treating area sources as point sources, (2) obtaining county

- level activity data, (3) apportioning national or statewide activity data to counties, (4) use of per capita emission factors, and (5) use of per employee emission factors. Each approach has distinct advantages and disadvantages as discussed below.

Small sources that would normally be treated as area sources may be handled as point sources for several reasons. First, county level activity data may not be readily determinabl e for certain source categories. Municipal landfills provide an example of this situation.

For some source categories, county activity estimates were available. For example, monthly wine production data for 2002 were available by county from the Pennsyl vania Liquor Control2

Board. If county activity data were not available, Commonwealth totals were apportioned to counties using data for a surrogate of the emissions activity. For example, the quantity of highway gasoline consumed in the Commonwealth was apportioned to the county level on the basis of vehicle miles traveled per county. Residential, commercial, and industrial fuel combustion were other categories that were handled in this manner. The major drawbacks of this approach are that additional da ta and resources are needed to apportion activity levels to the local level, and accuracy is lost in the process. If Commonwealth level data were not available, then

national data were used in a similar manner.

Sources in certain area source categories w ere not only numerous and diffuse, but were too difficult to inventory by any of the above procedures. As an example, solvent evaporation from consumer and commercial products such as waxes, aerosol products and window cleaners cannot be routinely determi ned by DEP. In addition, it would be resource

- intensive to develop and implement a survey that would yield such information. Per capita or per employee emission factors are used to estimate emissions for these source categories. The use of per capita em ission factors is based on the assumption that, for a given source category, emission activity can be reasonably associated with population. This assumption is valid over broad areas for certain categories such as Architectural Surface Coating and solvent evaporation from Consumer and

Commercial Products.

For categories that rely on a per capita emission factor, county population estimates for 2002

were obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. W hen emissions are calculated from per employee emission factors, county

- level employment data for 2002 were estimated from a combination of two sources. Because county employment data for 2002 will not be available

from the Bureau of the Census’ County Business Patterns (CBP) until April 2004, 2001 data for

th e appropriate North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes were obtained

from the 2001 CBP 2 and projected to 2002 using the Commonwealth

- level 2001 to 2002 employment change for the appropriate NAICS codes. The Commonwealth

- level employme nt

data were obtained at the NAICS code level from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 3

In some cases, the Census does not report the number of employees in the separate counties within the Commonwealth for each category were employ ment value for a parti cular NAICS code/county combination because available ,but , of confidentiality concerns. In these cases, the Census provides employment data as a range (e.g., between 20 and 99 employees) , the . When a precise number of employees was not available from C BP, an initial estimate was developed

based on the mid

- point of the reported range (e.g., 60 employees was used for the 20 to 99 employment range). For a given NAICS code, the mid

- point estimates were then adjusted up or down to yield the Commonwealth

- lev el employment for that NAICS code as reported in the CBP. The adjustments were computed by first calculating the difference between the

Commonwealth

- level CBP employment and the total of the employment values for counties for which actual employment value s were reported in the CBP. The resulting value represents employment for the counties for which the CBP reports an employment range value. This value was then divided by the sum of the mid

- point employment estimates for the counties for which employment was reported as a range. The resulting ratio was multiplied by the mid

- point3

estimates to yield the final county employment estimates. The calculation spreadsheets provide each of the steps used in this estimation procedure.

Control Efficiency (CE)

Co ntrol efficiency is the emission reduction percentage associated with a control device, process change or reformulation. Control efficiencies can vary widely by source within an area source category. Area source control efficiency values represent the we ighted average control for the

category.

Rule Penetration (RP)

Because lower

- emitting sources within a source category may not be covered by a regulation, it is important to reflect the extent to which total source category emissions are affected. Rule penetration represents the percentage of total source category emissions that are affected by a regulation.

Rule Effectiveness (RE)

Rule effectiveness is a factor used to adjust the control efficiency to account for failures and

uncertainties that affect the actual performance of the control. For example, control equipment performance may be adversely affected by age of the equipment, lack of maintenance, or improper use. With the exception of Federal regulations, a default RE value of 80 percent was

ap plied when information was not available to substantiate the true RE value. 1 An RE of 100 percent was applied to all Federal regulations that require national compliance.

The RE factor is applied to the esti mated control efficiency in the calculation of emissions from a source. The formula for the application of CE, RP, and RE is displayed below:

Uncontrolled Emissions = 50 pounds per day Control Efficiency = 90 percent

Rule Penetration = 60 percent

Rule Effectiveness = 80 percent

Controlled Emissions = Uncontrolled Emissions × (1

– CE/100 × RP/100 × RE/100)

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1

– 0.9 × 0.6 × 0.8) = 50 × (1

– 0.432) = 28.4 pounds per day

An RE and/or RP value can substantially increase emissi on estimates when high control efficiencies are involved. For example, if RP was not applied in the above example (equivalent to a 100 percent RP assumption), then estimated emissions are:

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1

– 0.9 × 0.8) = 50 × (1

– 0.72) = 1 4 pounds per day.4

Seasonal Emission Calculations

Area source emissions are typically prepared first on an annual basis because activity data are generally only available on an annual basis. The recently promulgated Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) requires States to submit county

- level area source CAP emission inventories to EPA for three temporal periods: annual, summer season work weekday, and winter season work weekday (the latter for carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions only) . Summer season work weekday emission inventories are needed to support planning for ozone NAAQS attainment. The summer season refers to the peak ozone season months of June, July, and August. Winter season work weekday emission inventories are used to support carbon monoxide (CO) NAAQS attainment planning. The winter season refers to January, February, and December of the same year (e.g., 2002).

Seasonal emission estimates are calculated by adjusting the annual inventory to reflect activity during the summer and winter season. Summer work weekday and winter work weekday emissions are calculated by multiplying annual emissions by the appropriate allocation factor. For most source categories, summer and winter work weekday allocation factors were devel oped from default monthly and weekly profiles available from EPA’s Emissions Modeling ClearingHouse (EMCH). 4

The EMCH provides 807 different monthly profiles and 45 different weekly profiles. The first step in developing summer allocation factors was t o compute summer monthly ratios by dividing the sum of the June, July, and August monthly profile values by the total of the twelve monthly profile values. Winter monthly ratios were calculated in a similar manner, except monthly profile values for Januar y, February, and December were incorporated into the calculation. Weekday profile values were computed by dividing the sum of the Monday through Friday weekly profile values by the total profile value for the entire week.

Summer work weekday allocation f actors were calculated by multiplying the summer monthly ratios by the appropriate weekday ratio and then dividing the result by 65 (the number of work weekdays in the summer of 2002). In a like manner, winter work weekday allocation factors were computed by multiplying winter monthly ratios by the appropriate weekday ratio and dividing by 65 (the number of work weekdays in the winter of 2002).

These allocation factors were then matched to area source classification codes (SCCs) via a

crosswalk between SC Cs and temporal profiles available from EPA’s EMCH. Annual emissions for each SCC/county/pollutant combination were then multiplied by the appropriate summer work weekday allocation factor to yield summer work weekday emissions. Winter work weekday emiss ions were calculated for categories emitting CO and/or PM. Similar to the summer calculations, annual CO and PM emissions were multiplied by the appropriate winter work weekday allocation factor to yield winter work weekday emissions.

For source categori es for which actual monthly/seasonal activity data were available (e.g., Residential Natural Gas Combustion, Structure Fires, and Wineries), summer and winter season allocation factors were calculated from the available activity data. The following presen ts5

sample calculations performed to develop the summer work weekday allocation factor for Bakeries. The individual source category methodology sections present the calculations performed to compute each category’s seasonal emission estimates.

SAMPLE CALC ULATION OF SUMMER SEASON WORK WEEKDAY ALLOCATION FACTOR:

Bakeries (SCC 2302050000)

Summer Work Weekday Allocation Factor = 0.25 × 0.715  65 = 0.00275

For source categories for which actual seasonal emi ssions activity data were available (e.g., Residential Natural Gas Combustion, Structure Fires, and Wineries), the summer and winter season allocation factors were developed from these activity data.

Point Source Subtractions

Source categories can appear in both the area source and point source inventory. For example, emissions from large dry cleaning establishments may be included in the point source inventory, while emissions from smaller dry cleaners (below some specified cutoff) are included in the a rea source inventory. When a point source inventory and an area source inventory include emissions from the same process, the area source emission estimates are adjusted to avoid double

- counting. Although many area source categories (e.g., Architectural Surface Coating) do not have companion point source categories, there are many source categories in the area source inventory for which emissions are reported in the Pennsylvania point source inventory (see Table 1). For these source categories, point sou rce emissions are subtracted from total emission estimates to yield area source emissions. Ideally, this adjustment would occur in the area source emission calculation by subtracting point source emission activity (throughput) from total emission activity as shown below.6

However, the Pennsylvania point source inventory does not report throughput for most sources. Therefore, it was necessary to calculate the point source subtractions using total and point source

emission estimates as identified below.

where: p = pollutant

Separate point source inventories were developed for Allegheny and Philadelphia counties and for all other counties. Except for ammonia and lead, the Allegheny inventory reports annual emissions for all pollutants included in the area source inventory. These pollutants are also missing from the Philadelphia County annual inventory. Unlike the Allegheny inventory, the Philadelphia County inventory does not report PM emissions on a filt erable and condensable basis, but rather on a primary basis. The inventory for the remaining counties reports annual emissions for the same pollutants as the Philadelphia County inventory, with the exception of primary PM 2.5 (PM25

- PRI), which is not repor ted for the remaining counties. Given the different ways in which PM emissions are reported in the 2002 Pennsylvania point source inventory, it was necessary to develop PM emissions on a consistent basis to facilitate the point source

subtractions. There fore, for Allegheny County, Pechan summed the condensable and the

filterable PM emissions to obtain PM10

- PRI and PM25

- PRI emission values for use in the point

source subtractions.

Although the point source inventories also report winter and summer day emi ssions, these estimates were not used in the point source subtractions. The annual emission estimates were used in the subtractions because it is not clear if every point source facility that would have emissions during the summer/winter have these emissi ons reported in the inventory. For example, there are only 14 records with winter day NO

x emissions in the point source inventory,
while there are over 4,000 records with annual NO

x emissions reported in the inventory.

To facilitate the point source subt ractions, the annual emission records for all point SCCs associated with an area source category were summed to the county level. Because PA DEP indicated that point source subtractions should be applied to the Machinery and Equipment Solvent Coating area source category by subtracting point source emission records associated with the combination of point SCCs 40202501, 40202502, and 40202599 and SIC code 3531, it was also necessary to compile county level annual emissions for these records. In addition, because these point SCCs are also associated with the Miscellaneous Finished Metals Surface Coating area source category, it was necessary to compile county

- level annual emissions for all point source records with these SCCs that are not associated with SI C code 3531.

The county

- level point source annual emissions were then subtracted from the area source category annual emissions using an area source category

- to

- point source category crosswalk developed for this project. Note that in keeping with EIIP gu idance, when the resulting area source emission estimate was negative, the area source emission value was set to zero. In
addition, when the PM10

- PRI emission estimate resulted in a zero value, then the companion7

PM25

- PRI emission estimate was set to zero for consistency. In addition to setting PM25

- PRI

emissions to zero when PM10

- PRI emissions were zero, we also set PM25

- PRI emissions to

PM10

- PRI emissions when PM25

- PRI emissions were greater than PM10

- PRI emissions, after the point source subtractions w ere performed. Finally, the summer and winter season work weekday emission estimates were updated by multiplying the revised annual emission estimate by the appropriate winter season and/or summer season work weekday allocation factors. The following pre sents sample point source NO

x emission subtraction calculations for the Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion category (SCC
2103002000).

The following individual sections describe the annual and seasona l emission estimation methodology for each area source category. Each section contains a brief description of the source category, identifies whether the category’s emission estimates were subject to point source emission subtractions, and presents sample emission calculations (point source subtractions are not included in these sample calculations). All referenced sources are displayed in Appendix A.8 Table 1. Area Source Inventory Categories with Point Source Emission Subtractions

SCC SCC1DESC SCC3DESC SCC6DESC SCC8DESC

2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2102002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Com mercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Ga s Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types

2302050000 Industrial Processes Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20 Bakery Products Total

230207 0001 Industrial Processes Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20 Fermentation/Beverages Breweries

2401015000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242 Total: All Solvent Types

2401020000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating W ood Furniture: SIC 25 Total: All Solvent Types

2401025000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Metal Furniture: SIC 25 Total: All Solvent Types

2401040000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Metal Cans: SIC 341 Total: All Solvent Types

2401050000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Finished Metals: SIC 34

- (341 + 3498) Total: All Solvent Types

2401055000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35 Total: All Solvent Types

2401060000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coat ing Large Appliances: SIC 363 Total: All Solvent Types

2401070000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Motor Vehicles: SIC 371 Total: All Solvent Types

2401080000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Marine: SIC 373 Total: All Solvent Types

2401085000 Sol vent Utilization Surface Coating Railroad: SIC 374 Total: All Solvent Types

2401090000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Manufacturing Total: All Solvent Types

2415200000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Conveyerized Degreas ing Total: All Solvent Types

2415300000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Cold Cleaning Total: All Solvent Types

2420000370 Solvent Utilization Dry Cleaning All Processes Special Naphthas

2425000000 Solvent Utilization Graphic Arts All Proc esses Total: All Solvent Types

2501060053 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling

2501060101 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Servic e Stations Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Uncontrolled

2501060102 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Controlled

2601010000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and

Recovery On

- site Inciner ation Industrial Total

2601020000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and

Recovery On

- site Incineration Commercial/Institutional Total

2620030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and

Recovery Landfills Municipal Total

2630020010 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and

Recovery Landfills Wastewater Treatment Processes Total9

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

– ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Emissions from livestock production come from such activities as confinement, manure handling and storage, and land application of manure. Biogenic emission source calculations were derived from EPA’s BEIS inventory system.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

– CROPS (Fertilizer Application) (14 SCCs)

(Anhydrous Ammonia SCC 2801700001, Aqueous Ammonia SCC 2801700002, Nitrogen
Solutions SCC 2801700003, Urea SCC 2801700004, Ammo nium Nitrate SCC 2801700005,
Ammonium Sulfate SCC 2801700006, Ammonium Thiosulfate SCC 2801700007, N

- P

- K (multi

- grade nutrient fertilizers) SCC 2801700010, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate SCC 2801700011, Potassium Nitrate SCC 2801700012, Diammonium Phosphate SCC 2801700013, Monoammonium Phosphate SCC 2801700014, Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate SCC 2801700015, Misc. Fertilizers SCC 2801700099)

Emissions from crops are primarily due to spreading of various fertilizers. Fertilizers spread on

fields that contribute to ammonia emissions include anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, nitrogen solutions, urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonia, and ammonium sulfate. Biogenic emission source calculations were derived from EPA’s BEIS inventory system.

ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE C OATING (SCC 2401001000)

Architectural surface coatings are used by homeowners and painting contractors to coat the interior and exterior of buildings and other structures. The coatings are applied by spray, brush, or roller and dry or cure at ambient cond itions. The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the paint and cleanup solvents. Each county’s emissions are calculated using a per capita emission factor and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2002 population

data. The Federal architectural surface coating regulations call for a 20 percent reduction in the solvent content of architectural surface coatings manufactured after September 1999. 5 Therefore, a 20 percent CE is applied in the 2002 inventory.

The emission factor that i s used in this effort differs from that used for the 1999 area source inventory. The new per capita emission factor was calculated using the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) methods for this category. National solvent

- and water

- based

coatin g per capita use factors were first calculated from 2002 national paint shipments 6 and 2002 national population data. 7 These factors were then combined with information on the average volatile organic compound (VOC) content of these coatings to calculate per capita emission

factors as follows:

Water

- Based = 0.74 pounds VOC/gallon 8 × 589,527,000 gallons 6 /288,368,698 people 7

= 1.5128 pounds VOC/person/year

Solvent

- Based = 3.87 pounds VOC/gallon 8 × 119,914,000 gallons 6 /288,368,698 people 7

= 1.6093 pounds VOC/person/year10

Final composite emission factor = 1.5128 + 1.6093 = 3.1 221 pounds VOC/person/year

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 3.1221 lbs VOC/person/year Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 5

RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekd

ay allocation factor = 0.00356 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1585.9069  0.00356 = 5.6484 tons VOC per day

ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs)

There are two types of asphalt used for road paving and repair: cutback asphalt and emulsified asphalt. VOC emiss ions result primarily from the curing of the applied material. The following sections describe the two types of asphalt and identify the methods used to estimate emissions for each type.

Cutback Asphalt (SCC 2461021000)

Cutback asphalt is used as a pave ment sealant, a tack coat, and a bonding agent between layers of paving material. Cutback asphalt is prepared by blending or “cutting back” asphalt cement with various blends of petroleum distillates. Emissions from cutback asphalt paving occur during th e curing of the road surface when petroleum distillates evaporate.

Annual VOC emissions from cutback asphalt paving were computed from information obtained from the Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators (PAMA) on the amount of11

cutback a sphalt applied in 2002 and the VOC content and density of the asphalt. 10 In addition, it was assumed that 100 percent of cutback asphalt contained diluent and that 70 percent of the diluent evaporates. 11 County emissions were estimated by multiplying State emissions by the ratio of the each county’s bituminous paved lane mileage by the State’s bituminous paved lane mileage. 12 Based on the State regulation prohibiting use of cutback asphalt during summer months, there are no summer season work weekday emissi ons estimated for cutback asphalt. 13

Emulsified Asphalt (SCC 2461022000)

Emulsified asphalt is a type of liquefied road surfacing material that is used in some of the same applications as cutback asphalt. However, instead of blending asphalt cement with petroleum distillates, emulsified asphalt uses a blend of water with an emulsifier.

Annual VOC emissions from emulsified asphalt paving were computed from information obtained from the Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators on the amoun t of emulsified asphalt applied in 2002, the VOC content and density of the asphalt, and the percentage of emulsified asphalt containing diluent. 10 In addition, it was assumed that 100 percent of the

emulsif ied asphalt diluent evaporates. 11 County emissions were estimated by multiplying State emissions by the ratio of the each county’s bituminous paved lane mileage by the State’s bituminous paved lane mileage. 14 Annual emissions were allocated to the summer season work weekday based on information from PAMA that emulsified asphalt is only applied from March 1 through October 31. 15 In addition, it was assumed that asphalt use is evenly distributed during this pe riod and that paving is only performed on weekdays.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where: Cutback Asphalt VOC Content = 35% 10

Emulsified Asphalt VOC Content = 8% 10

Cutback Asphalt VOC Density = 7.1 lbs/gallon 10

Emulsified Asphalt VOC Density = 6.25 lbs/gallon 10

2002 PA Cutback Asphalt Use = 5,000,000 gallons 10

2002 PA Emulsified Asphalt Use = 15,000,000 gallons 10

Bituminous Paved County Lane Miles = 2,538 miles (Allegheny) 14

Bituminous Paved State Lane Miles = 83,227 miles 14

% of Cutback Asphalt Diluent that Evaporates = 70% 11
% of Emulsified Asphalt Containing Diluent = 50% 10

% of Emulsified Asphalt Diluent that Evaporates = 100% 1112

Cutback Asphalt VOC Emissions Calculation :

(Summer work weekday emi ssions are estimated as zero due to State prohibition on use during this
period) 13

Emulsified Asphalt VOC Emissions Calculation :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emiss ions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 3/8 (fraction of paving performed in the summer months)  5/7
(fraction of paving performed on weekdays)  65 (number of weekdays in the summer) = 0.004125 15

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 57.1780  0.004125 = 0.2359 tons VOC per day

AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (SCC 2401005000)

Automotive refinishing is the painting of worn or damaged automobiles, light trucks, and other

vehi cles. The coating of new cars, however, is considered in the point source inventory, and therefore not included in this inventory. The automotive refinishing VOC emission factor of 2.30 lb/person is based on EPA guidance. 16 A control efficiency of 60.94 p ercent for 2002 was computed by applying an incremental reduction of 38 percent 17 to 1999’s 37 percent 18 control efficiency based on the following calculation:

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:13

where:

E

mission Factor =2.30 lbs VOC/person/year 16

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7

Control Efficiency = 60.94% 17 18

Rule Penetration = 100% Rule Effectiveness = 100%

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00385 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 570.4282  0.00385 = 2.1940 tons VOC per day

BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000)

Bakery emissions, primarily ethanol, result from yeast fermentation during the baking process of bread and bakery products. Ethanol is emitted through a vent with any combustion product gases.

Relevant NAICS codes for bakeries are 311811 and 311812.

County

- level VOC emissions were calculated using an employment

- based emission factor and

the number of NAICS code 311811 and 311 812 employees in each county. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 3 T he Bakeries emission factor is 0.11 tons VOC/employee/year

. 19 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from

these em ission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 0.11 tons VOC /employee/year 19
Employees = 1024 2 3 (Allegheny County)14 = 112.64 tons VOC per year

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocat ion factor=0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 112.64  0.00275 = 0.3098 tons VOC per day

BREWERIES (SCC 2302070001)

Emissions of VOCs from breweries result from compounds such as ethanol, myrcene, e thyl acetate and higher alcohols resulting from the brewing process. There are two brewery emission factors, which differ based on facility production size (i.e., a smaller emission factor is used for facilities with more than 60,000 barrels production, a nd a larger factor for facilities producing 60,000 barrels or less).

Because facility

- level brewery production data were not available, it was necessary to estimate the amount of production in each county associated with small and large facilities. First , county

level beer production was estimated by apportioning State

- level production to counties based on

county

- level brewery employment. Total Pennsylvania beer production was obtained from the

Federal Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. 20 The numb er of brewery (NAICS code 31212) employees in 2002 was estimated by projecting 2001 county employment, obtained from

the 2001 County Business Patterns, 2 to 2002 based on the 2002 to 2001 State

- level brewery

e mployment ratio, obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 3

Based on the average Pennsylvania brewery production per employee (2,122 barrels) calculated
from the data described above, it was assumed that all facilities in a county reporting fewer than 29 employees would contain only small breweries. The cutoff of 29 employees was chosen based on the observation that, assuming a constant per employee production rate, a brewery with 29 employees would prod uce approximately 61,500 barrels of beer. It was also assumed that a county with more than 29 brewery employees would have production by both small and large facilities. In lieu of actual data, it was assumed that 1 percent of these counties’ production is from small breweries, and 99 percent is from large breweries. Therefore, the small brewery emission factor was applied to 1 percent of the county’s beer production, while the large brewery emission factor was applied to 99 percent of the county’s produ ction. This 1 percent assumption appears reasonable given that this value results in statewide brewery emissions similar to those

estimated for 1996.

Since Pennsylvania’s brewery production data were available on a monthly basis, the statewide

summer mon th allocation factor was calculated using the ratio of summer beer production to the annual beer production. This was then converted to the summer work weekday allocation factor using weekday temporal allocation data from EPA’s Emissions Modeling Clearing house (EMCH). 4 2015

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where: Small Brewery Emission Factor = 56.743 pounds of VOC/1000 barrels 21

Larg e Brewery Emission Factor = 4.16791 pounds of VOC/1000 barrels 22

Adams County Employees = 7 2 3

Allegheny County Employees = 261 2 3

2002 PA Beer Production = 3,089,646 barrels 20

Adams County (Small Breweries Only Assumption) Annual VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month beer production/annual beer production  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer
Summer work weekday all ocation factor = 856,549/3,089,646  0.715/65 = 0.00305 4 20

Summer work weekday allocation factor=0.00305
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.4214  0.00305 = 0.001285 tons VOC per day

Allegheny County (Small and Large Breweries Assumption) Annual VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocatio n factor = summer month beer production/annual beer production  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 856,549/3,089,646  0.715/65 = 0.00305 4 20

Summer work weekday allocation factor=0.00305
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.2998  0.00305 = 0.00396 tons VOC per day16

COAL COMBUSTION (6 SCCs)

(Residential Anthracite SCC 2104001000, Residential Bituminous SCC 21040 02000,
Commercial/Institutional Anthracite SCC 2103001000, Commercial/Institutional Bituminous
SCC 2103002000, Industrial Anthracite SCC 2102001000, Industrial Bituminous SCC
2102002000)

This category covers emissions from the burning of coal by residenti al, and small commercial and
industrial users. Coal combustion emissions were estimated for VOC, NO

x , CO, Pb, PM, and

SO 2

.

Residential coal consumption, in tons per dwelling unit, was estimated using the following equation:

Coal consumption per dwelling unit = 0.003874 e (7.6414

- (1000/heating degree days))

Heating Degree Day (HDD) data were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration. 23 The HDD of each county was assigned according to the town or city in the county or the nearest to wn or city of similar latitude for which data were available. After estimating county

- level residential coal consumption per unit, emissions were calculated by multiplying these values by the number of coal

- burning dwelling units in each county 24 and the

em ission factor for each pollutant.

Year 2002 Commonwealth

- level commercial sector coal consumption (computed from the Energy Information Administration’s State Energy Data 2000 25 and Annual Coal Report 2002 26 ) was allocated to individual counties using the n umber of commercial sector facilities in each

county. 2 County

- level emissions were then calculated by multiplying county coal consumption by the emission factor for the applicable CAP.

Industrial coal

- burni ng emissions were computed in a similar way to commercial/institutional emissions. However, county

- level industrial employment data (from County Business Patterns

and Current Employment Statistics ) were used to allocate coal consumption to individual

coun ties.

In some cases, CAP emission factors differ between anthracite and bituminous coal. Because
anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the Commonwealth, while bituminous is mined in the
western half, the emission calculations assume that eastern cou nties burn anthracite coal while

western counties burn bituminous coal.

For Commercial and Industrial sector categories, point source emissions, where present, were

subtracted from these initial emission estimates.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:17

Residential Coal Combustion :

where: VOC Emission Factor = 10 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 ; 10 lbs/ton

bituminous coal/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 3 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 ; 9.1 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 275 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 ; 275 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

Pb Emission Factor = 0.013182 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 10 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 ; 6.2 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27  13.38% ash

content =8.028 lbs/ton anthracite coal/y ear; 3.8 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.08 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27  13.38% ash content =1.0704 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 1 .04 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

SO 2 Emission Factor = 39 lbs/ton anthracite coal/ year 27  0.89% sulfur content
=34.71 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 31 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39  2.42% sulfur content = 75.02 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89% sulfur 27

Bituminous Coal Sulfur Conten t = 2.42% sulfur 27

Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash 27

Number of Coal

- Burning Dwelling Units (Allegheny County) = 183 24

e = natural base HDD = Heating Degree Days (Allegheny County) = 5,494 23

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000110 4 23

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 6.1539  0.000110 = 0.000675 tons VOC per day18

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000110 4 23

Summer work weekday CO emi ssions = 169.2320  0.000110 = 0.01856 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Winter work weekday allocation factor=0.00555 4 23

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 169.2320  0.00555 = 0.9389 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Coal Combustion :

where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.07 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 28 ; 1.3 lbs/ton

bitum inous coal/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 18 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39 ; 33 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39 ; 11 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

Pb Emission Factor = 0.0089 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39 ; 0.013182 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

SO 2 Emission Factor =39 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39  0.89% sulfur content

= 34.7 1 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 38 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39  2.42% sulfur content = 91.96 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 2.3 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39  13.38% ash content = 30.774 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 13.2 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39  13.38% ash content = 8.028 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 4.6 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.08 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39  13.38% ash

content = 1.0704 lbs/ton anthracite coal/ year ; 1.04 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 3919 Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89% 27

B ituminous Coal Sulfur Content = 2.42% 27

Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash 27

Pennsylvania Coal Consumption = 512,636 tons 25 26

Number of County Facilities (Allegheny County) = 24,654 2

Number of Pennsylvania Facilities = 197,795 2

Commercial/Institutional Coal Consumption : 25 26

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emission s = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 41.5331  0.00170 = 0.0705 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 351 .4342  0.00170 = 0.5967 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00397 4

Winter work weekday C O emissions = 351.4342  0.00397 = 1.3962 tons CO per day

Industrial Coal Combustion :20

The Industrial Coal Combustion emissions were calculated using the same emission factors as Commercial/Institutional Coal (see above).

where: Number of Allegheny County Employees =48,544 2 3

Number of Pennsylvania Employees = 721,902 2 3

Pennsylvania Coal Consumption = 42,900,812.75 tons 25 26

Industrial Coal Consumption : 25 26

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00283 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 15,866.6603  0.00283 = 44.8538 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekda y allocation factor = 0.00283 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 15,866.6603  0.00283 = 44.8538 tons CO per day

COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER SOLVENT USE (SCC 2465000000)

This source category covers household p roducts such as special naphthas, alcohols, carbonyls, and other organics that contain VOCs. There are no point sources associated with this category. County

- level emissions were calculated using a composite per capita emission factor (see table below) a nd U.S. Bureau of the Census population data. The emission factor represents pre

control emission rates. A CE of 20 percent 29 and an RP of 48.6 percent 9 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. This yields a post

- control VOC emission factor of21

7.078 lbs per capita which was used in all emission calculations. Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SUBCATEGORY EMISSION FACTOR

Household Products 0.79 lbs/person /year

Personal Care Products 2.32 lbs/person/year

Automotive Aftermarket Products 1.36 lbs/person/year

Adhesives and Sealants 0.57 lbs/person/year

FIFRA

- Regulated Products 1.78 lbs/person/year Coatings and Related Products 0.95 lbs/person/year

Miscel laneous Products 0.07 lbs/person/year Total (Pre

- Control) 7.84 lbs/person/year

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where: Emission Factor =7.84 lbs VOC/person/year 30

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 29
RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% 9 RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00274 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 4494.1598  0.00274 = 12.3128 tons VOC per day

COMMERCIAL COOKING (5 SCCs)

Chain

- Dri ven (Conveyorized) Charbroilers SCC 2302002100; Under

- Fired Charbroilers SCC 2302002200; Flat Griddles SCC 2302002300; Clamshell Griddles SCC 2302002400; and Deep

Fat Fryers SCC 2302002500

Criteria pollutant annual emissions associated with commercial coo king were compiled from the 2002 nonpoint source National Emissions Inventory (NEI). 31 The 2002 NEI reports commercial cooking emissions in five SCCs, each of which represents a specific equipment type. Source22

categories comprise emissions from all meat t ypes for a particular piece of equipment. The following types of meat are included: hamburger, steak, fish, pork, and chicken. Emissions for deep

- fat frying of french fries were also estimated. With the exception of deep

- fat frying of
french fries, comm ercial cooking activity was developed from survey data obtained from a Public Research Institute (PRI) report on charbroiling activity estimation in the State of California. 32

Further details on the annual emission estimation methodology are available in t he forthcoming 2002 nonpoint source NEI documentation. 31

The NEI reports emissions for the following criteria pollutants: VOC, CO, PM10

- PRI, and

PM25

- PRI (note, however, that each pollutant is not reported for each equipme nt type). The sources of the commercial cooking criteria pollutant emission factors are documented in a report prepared for EPA. 33

Because temporal allocation data were not developed for this category in the 2002 NEI, the default temporal data reported in the EMCH for SCC 2302002000 (Commercial Charbroiling) were applied to each commercial cooking SCC. 4 These data were used to estimate both summer season and winter season work weekday emission estimates.

SA MPLE SEASONAL CALCULATIONS (CHAIN

- DRIVEN CHARBROILERS):

Annual VOC emissions (Allegheny County) = 10.7792 tons VOC per year
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation fact or = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 10.7792  0.00275 = 0.0296 tons VOC per day

Annual PM10

- PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 43.0837 tons VOC per year
Winter work weekday PM10

- PRI emissions = annual PM10

- PRI emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Winter work weekday PM10

- PRI emissions = 43.0837  0.00275 = 0.1185 tons VOC per day

COMPOST ING (3 SCCs)

(Biosolids SCC 2680001000, Mixed Waste 2680002000, Green Waste 2680030000) Composting refers to the use of both aerobic and anaerobic microbial processes to degrade waste materials for beneficial refuse. Compostable wastes include biosolids ( sewage sludge), manure, green waste ( e.g., landscape trimmings, grass clippings), and other biodegradable materials such as food waste. Composting produces emissions of NH 3 , VOC, and methane. Emissions for each county were estimated using a biosolids

- gene ration

- based emission factor 65 . Figures on material composted were obtained from BioCycle’s nationwide survey 34

Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below.

SAMPLE NH 3 EMISSION CAL CULATION:23

Annual NH 3 Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Tons material composted)

Where:

Emissions Factor = 3.28 lbs NH 3 /ton Biosolids

2.81 lbs NH

3 /ton Mixed Waste

0.82 lbs NH

3 /ton Green Waste Tons Biosolids = 3,321.65 (Allegheny County)

Annual NH

3 Emissions = 10895.012 * = 5.45 tons NH 3 / year

DEGREASING (4 SCCs)

(Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) SCC 2415360000, Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) SCC
2415300000, Elec tronics (Vapor/In

- Line) SCC 2415230000, Other (Vapor/In

- Line) SCC 2415200000)

Surface cleaning, also known as “degreasing”, includes the solvent cleaning or conditioning of metal surfaces and parts, fabricated plastics, electronic and electrical component s and other nonporous substrates. These cleaning processes are designed to remove foreign material, such as oils, grease, waxes and moisture, usually in the preparation for further treatment, such as painting, electroplating, galvanizing, anodizing or app lying conversion coatings. Three basic types of surface cleaning operations are currently used: cold cleaning, vapor cleaning, and in

- line or conveyorized cleaning, which can be either a cold or vapor cleaning process. VOC emission results from the evapo ration of solvents used in these processes.

Cold cleaning is a batch process in which solvents are applied at room temperature or slightly heated. Parts are immersed in a solvent, usually mineral spirits. Parts too large for immersion may be sprayed or wiped with a solvent. The primary cold cleaning application is cleaning of tools or metal parts at service and automotive repair stations and manufacturing facilities. Cold cleaning may incorporate covers or freeboards to limit the evaporative loss of so lvents.

In

- line cleaners use automated load systems (typically conveyors) to maintain a continuous feed to the cleaning unit. These units use both cold and vapor

- cleaning methods as described above, with the majority being halogenated solvent cleaning sy stems. These units are used for large

- scale operations and are usually enclosed except to the conveyor inlet or exit. A common application of

in

- line cleaners is cleaning printed circuit boards for the electronic and electrical component

industries.

The Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) developed the following population

- based methods for estimating degreasing emissions. Point source emissions, where present, were

subtracted from these emission estimates.24

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where: Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 2.5 lbs VOC/person/year 35

Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 1.1 lbs VOC/person/year 35

Electronics (Vapor/I

n

- Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.21 lbs VOC/person/year 35

Other (Vapor/In

- Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.49 lbs VOC/person/year 35

Population = 1,269,904 (Alleghen y County) 7

Auto Repair Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66% 36 Manufacturing Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66% 36
Electronics Vapor/In

- Line CE (Control Efficiency ) = 63% 36 37
Other Vapor/In

- Line CE (Control Efficiency) = 63% 36 37
All Categories RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% All Categories RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80%

A llegheny County Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emissions Calculation :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions calculation for Allegheny County Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning): Degreasing (all categories) summer work weekday allocation fact or = 0.00385 9

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 749.2434  0.00385 = 2.8817 tons VOC per day

DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000370)

Three types of dry cleaning operations are used: coin

- operated facilities using perchloroethylene (perc); commercial/industrial facilities using perc; and commercial/industrial facilities using VOC solvents. As perc is no longer considered a VOC, only co mmercial/industrial facilities using VOC solvents are considered for the area source inventory. The first two categories are not included in the baseline inventory. They are, however, retained for use in the modeling inventory as required by EPA guidance

.25

Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below using a per capita emission factor and US Census Bureau population data. The emission fact or was determined by the Department using 1990 survey data supplied by the industry (contacts with the Pennsylvania and Delaware Cleaners Association indicate that more recent data are not available). 38

SAMP LE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population)

where: Emission Factor = 0.15 lbs VOC/person/year 38

Population = 1,269,904 (2002 Allegheny County) 7

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 95.2428  0.0028=0.2674 to ns VOC per day

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the coating process in the manufacture of electrical appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, laundry e quipment, and electric housewares. Emissions for each county were estimated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission factor and the number of employees in the NAICS codes, 333414, 335211, 335212, 335221, and 335228. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the B ureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

. 3 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number o f Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 463 lbs VOC/employee/year 16
Employees = 150 (Allegheny County) 2 326

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 34.725 x 0.00275=0.09 55 tons VOC per day

ELECTRICAL INSULATION (SCC 2401065000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the insulation coatings applied to wire and cable. The emissions for each county were calculated

us ing an employment

- based emission factor and the number of employees in NAICS codes
331422, 331491, 335311, 335921 and 335929

. The number of employees in each county for

2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

. 3 E ach county’s emissions were estima ted per the sample

calculations below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 290 lbs VOC/employee/year 16
Employees = 58 (Allegheny County ) 2 3

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation f actor = 0.00277

4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 8.41  0.00277=0.0233 tons VOC per day27

FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of t he solvent used in the gluing and coating process. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employment

- based emission factor and the number of employees in NAICS codes 32192, 33711,
321211, 321212, 321213, 321911, 321918, 321992, and 321999. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtain ed from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

. 3 Point source emissions, where present, were

subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Facto r)(Number of Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 131 lbs VOC/employee/year 16 Employees =615 (Allegheny County) 2 3

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 40.2825 x 0.00 28=0.1141 tons VOC per day

FOREST FIRES (SCC 2810001000)

Forest fires in certain rural areas can produce very large, short

- term emissions of VOC, NO

x , and
CO, SO 2 , and particulates. The emissions for each county were calculated using an emission

factor from AP

- 42 39 or the 1999 National Emissions Inventory 40 and a loading factor from AP

42 39

. The number of acres burned was obtained from the Department of Conservation and

Natural Resources. 41 Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Annual Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Acres Burned)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 24 lbs VOC/ton of flora/ye ar 3928 NO

x Emission Factor = 4 lbs NO

x /ton of flora/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 140 lbs CO/ton of flora/year 39

Loa ding Factor = 11 tons of flora/acre 39

Acres Burned = 3.85 acres (Westmoreland County) 41

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0055 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.5082  0.0055=0.002795 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0055 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 2.9645  0.0055=0.0163 tons CO per day

Winter work we ekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00056 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 2.9645  0.00056=0.0017 tons CO per day

FUE L OIL COMBUSTION (3 SCCs)

(Residential Distillate Fuel Oil SCC 2104004000, Commercial/Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil SCC 2103004000, Commercial/Institutional Residual Fuel Oil SCC 2103005000)

Distillate and residual oil combustion sources, which emit VOC, NO

x , CO, SO 2 , Pb, and PM are grouped into three categories: Commercial/Institutional, Residential, and Industrial. Industrial source emissions are captured in the point source inventory. For Commercial sector categories, point source emissions, whe re present, were subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding29

county. Fuel oil emissions were calculated for each county using fuel use estimates derived by allocating Commonwealth consumption estimates from the Energy Information Administration

to individual counties . The county allocations were performed using data obtained from the County Business Patterns and the U.S. Census Bureau.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential Distillate Fuel Oil :

Residential fuel oil usage was determined by alloc ating the total residential fuel oil use to each county. The residential fuel oil consumption was allocated by the ratio of dwelling units (DU) using distillate fuel oil in a county to the number of dwelling units burning distillate fuel oil in

the Common wealth. The following is the general equation for the calculation of usage for

residential sources of fuel oil combustion.

where: PA Residential Distillate Fuel Use = 829,470 thousands of gallons 42

2000 County Fuel

- Oil

- Burning DUs = 8123 Dwelling Units (Allegheny County) 7

2000 State Fuel

- Oil

- Burning DUs = 1,217,155 Dwelling Units 7

VOC E missions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000165 4

Summer work weekday VOC em issions = 1.9375  0.000165=0.000319 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000165 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 13.8392  0.000165=0.00228 tons CO per day30

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.000626 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 13.8392  0.00626=0.0866 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil :

The total amount of distillate fuel oil was apportioned to each county according to the number of commercial sector (i.e., SIC code 50

- 89) facilities. The number of commercial facilities in 2001 was used for this allocation because 2001 data were the last year available. 2 Total

Commonwealth u se was obtained from the Energy Information Administration

. 42 Each county’s emissions for commercial/institutional fuel oil combustion were estimated per the following sample calculations.

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.34 lbs/10 00 gallons/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 20 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

SO 2 Emission Factor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39  0.3% sulfur content = 42.6 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

P M25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

Lead Emission Factor = 0.001268 lbs/1000 gallons/yea r Error! Bookmark not defined. Distillate Fuel Sulfur Content = 0.3% 27

County Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2

Commonwealth Facilities = 197,795 2

PA Commercial/Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil Use = 301,554,000 gallons 42

VOC Emissions :

Sum mer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 6.3898  0.00170=0.0108 tons V OC per day

CO Emissions :31

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 93.9674  0.00170=0.1595 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0040 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 93.9674  0.0040=0.3733 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Residual Fuel Oil :

The total amount of residual fuel oil was apportioned to each county according to the number of
commercial facilities, which was obtain ed from County Business Patterns

. 2 The total

Commonwealth use was obtained from the Energy Information Administration

. 42 Each county’s

emissions for commercia l/institutional fuel oil combustion were estimated per the following sample calculations.

where: VOC Emission Factor = 1.13 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 55 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

SO 2 Emission Factor = 157 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39  1.05% sulfur content = 164.85 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 5.17 lbs/1000 gallons/year  0.19% ash content = 0.9823 lbs/1000 gallons/ year 39

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.92 lbs/1000 gallo ns/year  0.19% ash content = 0.3648 lbs/1000 gallons/ year 39

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.5 lbs/1000 gallons/ year 39

Lead Emission Factor = 0.00155 lbs/1000 gallon s/ year Error! Bookmark not defined. Residual Fuel Sulfur Content = 1.05% 43

County Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2

Commonwealth Facilities = 197,795 2

PA Commercial/Institutional Residual Fuel Oil Use = 16,597,000 gallons 4232

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emi ssions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.1688  0.00170= 0.00198 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 5.1718  0.00170=0.00 878 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0040 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 5.1718  0.0040 = 0.0205 tons CO per day

GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs)

(Stage I SCC 2501060053, Stage II Uncontrolled SCC 2501060101, Stage II Controlled SCC 2501060102, Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying SCC 2501060201, Truck Transit SCC 2505030120)

Gasoline marketing involves the operations typically associated with transporting gasoline from refineries to final consumption in gasoline

- powered vehicles. Evaporative emissions of VOCs occur at all points in the distribution process. The operations t hat were inventoried as area sources are gasoline dispensing outlets and gasoline tank trucks in transit. Bulk terminals and outlets are inventoried as point sources. VOC emissions result from the following sources: 1)33

Stage I (tank truck unloading into underground storage tanks), 2) Stage II (vehicle fueling), 3) Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying, and 4) Truck Transit.

Each category’s AP

- 42 emission factor is based on the average daily throughput that was calculated from monthly data obta ined from the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue Bureau of Motor Fuel Taxes. The vehicle miles traveled (VMT), which were obtained from Dan Szekeres of the Baker Corporation 44 , was used to apportion the gasoline throughput to each county.

Control efficien cy (CE), rule penetration (RP), and rule effectiveness (RE) factors were applied to Stage I for each county to reflect the application of vapor balance systems. A RE factor was applied to Stage II to each regulated county. CE, RP, and RE factors were app lied to Underground Storage Tank Breathing to reflect the application of pressure relief valves. There were no point sources for this source category. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALC ULATIONS:

Stage I :

where: Emission Factor = 1.92 lbs VOC/1000 gallons 39
State Annual Gasoline Sales = 5,238,145,337 gallons/year 45

County Annual VMT = 8,836,074,725 m iles (Allegheny County) 44
State Annual VMT = 97,021,666,321 m iles 44 Control Efficiency (CE) = 96% 46 47

Rule Penetration (RP) = 96% 46 47
Rule Effectiveness (RE

) = 80%

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales  weekday ratio/number of weekdays i n summer Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337  0.8333/65 = 0.00335 4 45

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 120.3185  0.00335 = 0.4035 tons VOC per day

Stage II :

Vehicle refueling VOC emissions are estimated using MOBILE6.2

- based emission factors; 48

monthly gasoline sales estimates; 45 and county

- level, annual vehicle miles traveled ( VMT)

data. 44 MOBILE6.2 provided monthly, emission factors for each county in Pennsylvania.34

MOBILE6.2 input files were set up to model refueling emission factors in a manner similar to

that used for calculat ing onroad mobile source emissions for 2002. For each county, twelve monthly scenarios were modeled, along with an ozone season scenario and a winter scenario. These scenarios used the same 2002 monthly temperature and fuel inputs that were used in

prepa ring onroad mobile source emissions. Each input file also called upon the external county

specific age distribution file developed for 2002. No speed information or I/M program information was modeled, as these are not needed in the refueling calculation s.

Stage II control program information was included for the counties with controls based on program information regarding control efficiency from Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania counties with Stage II controls are Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Bucks, But ler, Chester, Delaware, Fayette, Montgomery, Philadelphia, Washington, and Westmoreland. 49 Vehicle

- specific emission factors were then obtained in the database output format of MOBILE6.2. Using the fuel economy data and VMT fraction data contained in the MOBILE6.2 output files, the gram per mile emission factors were first converted to gram per gallon emission factors. These gram per gallon emission factors were then weighted according to the VMT fraction of each gasoline vehicle type to obtain monthly, c ounty

- specific gram per gallon emission factors weighted for all gasoline vehicle types.

VMT data were used to allocate monthly Pennsylvania gasoline sales to each county. These are the same gasoline sales figures that are used to estimate Stage I emis sions. The MOBILE6.2 emission factors were then multiplied by the corresponding gasoline sales data to estimate refueling emissions. The VOC emissions calculations provide emissions at the county level for

each month of 2002.

wh ere: Allegheny County June Emission Factor = 1.027 grams/gallon 48

PA June Gasoline Consumption =443,778,938 gallons 45

Allegheny County 2002 VMT = 8,836,074,725 miles 44

PA 2002 VMT = 97,021,666,321 miles 44

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer35

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337  0.715/65 = 0.00288 4 45

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 573.8276  0.00288 = 1.6510 tons VOC per day

Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying :

where:

Emissio n Factor = 1.0 lbs VOC/1000 gallons 39
State Annual Gasoline Sales = 5,238,145,337 gallons/year 45 County Annual VMT = 8,836,074,725 m iles (Allegheny County) 44

S tate Annual VMT = 97,021,666,321 m iles 44
Control Efficiency (CE) = 90% 46 50
Rule Penetration (RP) = 96% 46 50
Rule Effectiveness (RE) = 80%

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales  weekday ratio/number of weekday s in summer Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337  0.715/65 = 0.00288 4 45

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 73.6572  0.00288 = 0.2119 tons VOC per day

Truck Transit :

where: Emission Factor = 0.06 lbs VOC/1000 gallons 39
State Annual Gasoline Sales = 5,238,145,337 gallons/year 45
County Annu al VMT = 8,836,074,725 m iles (Allegheny County) 44
State Annual VMT = 97,021,666,321 m iles 44

(The emission factor is based on the assumption that gasoline delivery is via single trips and

acc ounts for both full and empty truck travel.)36

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337  0.8333/65 = 0.00335 4 45

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 14.3116  0.00335 = 0.04799 tons VOC per day

GRAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000)

Graphic arts include operations that are involved in the printing of newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed material. Emissions of VOCs result from evapo ration of solvents used in inks and cleaning. The emissions for each county were calculated using a per capita emission factor and U.S. Census Bureau population data. Point source emissions, where present, were

subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population)

where: Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs VOC/person/year 16 Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday VOC emiss ions = 825.4376  0.0028=2.2904 tons VOC per day

HIGH PERFORMANCE INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE SOLVENT (SCC 2401100000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of solvents from surface coating of objects and materials that may e xist in extreme conditions. There were no point sources. The emissions for each county were calculated using a per capita emission factor37

and U.S. Census Bureau population data. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculation s.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where: Emission Factor = 0.8 lbs VOC/person/year 16 Population = 1,269,904 people (Allegheny County) 7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 5
RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday a llocation factor = 0.00356 9
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 406.3693  0.00356=1.4473 tons VOC per day

KEROSENE (2 SCCs)

(Residential Kerosene SCC 2104011000, Commercial/Institutional Kerosene SCC 2103011000)

Kerosen e combustion sources, which emit VOC, NO

x , CO, SO 2 , and PM are grouped into two area source categories: Commercial/Institutional and Residential (all Industrial sector kerosene emissions are assumed to be included in the point source inventory). Emission s were calculated for each county using emission factors and Energy Information Administration fuel use information. The EIA kerosene consumption data are reported for each State. Commonwealth consumption was allocated to counties using data obtained fro m the County Business Patterns

and the U.S. Census Bureau.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential Kerosene :

The emissions for residential kerosene combustion were determined by allocating total residential kerosene consumption in the Commonwealth to each c ounty. This allocation was performed using the ratio of dwelling units (DU) heating with kerosene in a county to the number of dwelling units heating with kerosene in the Commonwealth. The following is the general equation used to calculate emissions fro m residential kerosene combustion.38

where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.7 lbs/1000 gallons/year 27

NO

x Emission Factor = 17.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 27

CO Emission Factor = 4.8 lbs/1000 gallons/year 27

SO 2 Emission Factor = 41.1 lbs/1000 gallons/year 27

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallon s/year 39

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

PA Residential Kerosene Fuel Use = 83,366 thousands of gallons 42

2000 County Kerosene

- Burning DUs = 8123 Dwelling Units (Allegheny County) 7

2000 State Ker osene

- Burning DUs = 1,217,155 Dwelling Units 7

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allo cation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions =0.1947  0.00275=0.000536 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 1.3353  0.00275=0.00367 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissi ons  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 1.3353  0.00275=0.00367 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Kerosene :39

Th e total amount of fuel oil was apportioned to each county according to the number of
commercial facilities, which was obtained from County Business Patterns

. 2 The total

Commercial/Institutional kerosene cons umption in the Commonwealth was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. 42 The emission factors used for Commercial/Institutional

Kerosene were the same as those used for Commercial/ Institutiona l Distillate Fuel Oil as per EIIP guidance. Each county’s emissions for commercial/institutional fuel oil combustion were estimated per the following sample calculations.

where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.34 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 20 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

SO 2 Emission Fa ctor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39  0.3% sulfur content = 42.6 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

Kerosene Sulfur Content = 0.3% 27

County Commercial Sector Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2

Commonwealth Commercial Sector Facilities = 197,795 2

Commercial/Institutional Keros ene Oil Use = 16,290 thousands of gallons 42

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday alloca tion factor = 0.00283 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.3452  0.00283 = 0.000976 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :40

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00283 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 5.0761  0.00283 = 0.0143 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emis sions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00283 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 5.0761  0.00283 = 0.0143 tons CO per day

LANDFILLS (SCC 2620030000)

Municip al solid waste landfills receive primarily household and/or commercial waste. The VOC emissions from landfills are produced by volatilization, chemical reaction, and biological decomposition of refuse material.

The emissions were calculated using the t otal amount of refuse in Pennsylvania’s municipal solid waste landfills, not the landfills’ capacity. Since landfills continue to emit VOCs long after they are closed (at least 20 years), data from active and inactive landfills were collected.

For active landfills, data from page two of the 2002 “Annual Facility Capacity Report” for each landfill were collected. In particular, Total Waste Accepted was needed for the final emissions

calculation.

Several landfills that were included in the 1996 Pennsylvan ia area source inventory were not included in the compilation of 2002 facility reports provided by PA DEP. After confirming with PA DEP that these landfills are inactive (in a few cases the landfills had merely been renamed), the 1996 Total Waste Accepted data for these now

- closed landfills were incorporated into the 2002 inventory.

Total Waste Accepted was summed at the county level to calculate the total landfill emissions in each county. The emissions estimate was adjusted for precipitation. Each cou nty’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculation.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Precipitation Adjustment Factor)(Tons of Waste)41

where: Emission Factor = 13.6 tons VOC/1,000,000 tons of waste Precipitation Adjustment Factor = 2.6 Amount of Waste = 19,422,841.6 tons of waste (Allegheny County)

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation f actor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 686.7917  0.00275 = 1.8887 tons VOC per day

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evapor ation of the solvent used in the coating process in manufacturing facilities, such as engines, turbines, farm and garden equipment, computers, and office machinery. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employment

- based emission factor an d employee data from NAICS Codes 333 (except 333314 and 333315), 33271, 332991, 332997, 3341, and 336391. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the

ratio of 2002 total Commonwea lth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

. 3 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from the Machinery and Equipment category emissi on estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 77 lbs VOC /employee/year 16
Employees = 4944 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00277 442

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 190.344  0.00277 = 0.5282 tons VOC per day

MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000)

This source category includes ship and boat building and repairing. The emissions we re calculated using an employment

- based emission factor and employee data from NAICS code 33661. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business

Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

. 3 Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations below. Point sourc e emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 308 lbs VOC /employee/year 16
Employees = 52 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 8.008  0.0028 = 0.0222 tons VOC per day

METAL CANS (SCC 2401040000)

This source category includes the m anufacturing of metal cans, barrels, drums, kegs, and pails. The emissions from point sources, where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding county. The emissions for each county were calculated per the calculation below using an employment

- based emission factor and employee data from NAICS Codes 332431 and 332439. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business

Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

. 3 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:43

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 6,029 lbs VOC/employee/year 16
Employees =48 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 144.696  0.0028 = 0.4015 tons VOC per day

METAL FURNITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401025000)

This source category includes manufacturing metal household and office furniture, such as beds,
cabinets, desks, bookcases, and chairs. The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission factor and employee data for NAICS codes 337121, 337124, 337214, and 337215. The number of employees in each county

for 2001 was ob tained from County Business Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 3 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from

these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:
Emission Factor = 1, 597 lbs VOC /employee/year 16
Employees = 487 employees (Allegheny County) 2 344

Summer work weekday VOC e missions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 388.8695  0.0028 = 1.0790 tons VOC per day

MISCELLA NEOUS FINISHED METAL (SCC 2401050000)

This source category includes facilities which enamel, lacquer, and/or varnish metals. The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission factor and emp loyee data from NAICS Codes 332812, 339911, 339912, and 339914. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Com monwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS)

. 3 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE V

OC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 2,877 lbs VOC/employee/year 16 Employees = 683 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 982.4955  0.0028 = 2.7262 tons VOC per day45

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090000)

This source category includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing products not

classif ied in any other group such as jewelry, silverware, musical instruments, dolls, toys, games, pens, pencils, buttons, brooms, and caskets. The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using a per capita emission factor an d U.S. Census Bureau population data. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission

estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population)

where:

Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs VOC/ person/year 16 Population =1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation facto r Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday VOC Emissions = 380.9712  0.0028 = 1.0633 tons VOC per day

NATURAL GAS AND LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) (4 SCCs)

(Residential Natural Gas SCC 2104006000, Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas SCC
2103006000, Residential LPG SCC 2104007000, Commercial/Institutional LPG SCC
2103007000)

Natural gas and LPG are used in residential, commercial/institutional, and industrial facilities.

Industr ial natural gas and LPG consumption is considered to be covered in the point source inventory. Area source natural gas and LPG emissions were estimated using fuel consumption

data and AP

- 42 emission factors. Because monthly natural gas consumption data w ere available, these data were used in developing the summer and winter season work weekday allocation factors. Consumption data were apportioned according to the number of dwelling units heating with natural gas/LPG, which was available from U.S. Census Bureau data (for residential sources), and according to the number of commercial sector facilities, obtained from County Business Patterns (for commercial/institutional sources). Commercial and Residential LPG consumption was not available for 2002; there fore, the 2001 consumption was grown to 2002 by46

applying the ratio of 2002 Commercial/Residential propane sales in Pennsylvania to 2001 Commercial/Residential propane sales in the Commonwealth. Commercial LPG consumption in

2001 was obtained from the Ener gy Information Administration’s State Energy Data 2001

. Propane sales for 2001 and 2002 were obtained from Petroleum Marketing Annual. 51 52 Each county’s emissions were estimated using the sample calculations below. For Commercial sector categories, point sources, where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding county.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Natural Gas :

Residential Natural Gas :

where: VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMcf (million cubic feet)/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 94 lbs/MMcf/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 40 lbs/MMcf/year 39

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMcf/year 39

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/MMcf/year 39

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor =1.9 lbs/MMcf/year 39

PM

- CON Emission Fa ctor =5.7 lbs/MMcf/year 39

Pb Emission Factor = 0.0005 lbs/MMcf/year 39

Residential Natural Gas Consumption = 237,640 MMcf 53

County Dwelling Units Heating with Na tural Gas = 474,292 (Allegheny County) 7

State Dwelling Units Heating with Natural Gas = 2,452,941 units 7

VOC Emissions :

Summer wor

k weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000783 54

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 126.3604  0.000783 = 0.0989 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :47

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000783 54

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 918.9846  0.000783 = 0.7196 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor =0.00526 54

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 918.9 846  0.00526 = 4.8370 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas :

where: VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMcf (million cubic feet)/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 100 lbs/M Mcf/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 84 lbs/MMcf/year 39

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMcf/year 39

PM10

- FIL Emission F

actor = 1.9 lbs/MMcf/year 39

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/MMcf/year 39

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 5.7 lbs/MMcf/year 39

Pb Emission Factor = 0.0005 lbs/MMcf/year 39

Commercial Natural Gas Consumption = 148,346 MMcf 53

County Commercial Sector Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2

Commonwealth Commercial Sector Facilities = 197,795 2

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emission s  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor =0.00125 55

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 50.8488  0.00125 = 0.0634 tons VOC per day48 CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00125 55

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 776.5997  0.00125 = 0.9683 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emiss ions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor =0.00478 55

Winter work weekday CO emissions =776.5997  0.00478 = 3.7121 tons CO per day

LPG :

Residen tial LPG :

where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 14 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

CO Emission Facto r = 1.9 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.1 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39  0.54 grains/100 cubic feet = 0.054 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10

- FIL Emission F

actor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.506 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

Residential LPG Sulfur Content = 0.54 grains/100 cubic feet 27

Residential LPG Consumption = 157,014,873.6 gallons 25 51 52

County Dwelling Units Heating with LPG = 4317 units (Allegheny County) 7

Commonwealth Dwelling Units Heating with LP G = 145,254 units 7

Residential LPG Consumption Calculation : 25 51 5249

Data Sources for Residential LPG Consumption Calculation: 2001 Residential LPG Consumption 25

2002 PA Propane Consumption 51

200 1 PA Propane Consumption 43

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0 .00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.1666  0.00275 = 0.00321 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday al location factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 4.4332  0.00275 = 0.0122 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter w ork weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 4.4332  0.00275 = 0.0122 tons CO per day

Commercial/Institutional LPG :50

where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 14 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.1 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39  0.54 grains/100 cubic feet = 0.054 lbs/1000 gallons/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.506 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39

Commercial/Institutional LPG Sulfur Content = 0.54 grains/100 cubic feet 27

Commercial LPG Consumption = 1,380,620.1 gallons 25 51 52 (computed in the same manner as Residential LPG Consumption above) County Commercial Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2

Commonwealth C ommercial Facilities = 197,795 units 2

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation f actor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.0430  0.0028 = 0.000122 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work week day allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions = 0.1635  0.0028 = 0.000462 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  wi nter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 451

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 0.1635  0.0028 = 0.000462 tons CO per day

OPEN BURNING (5 SCCs)

(Residential Municipal Solid Waste Open Burning SCC 2610030000; Residential Leaf Open Burning SCC 2610000100; Residential Brush Open Burning SCC 2610000400; Commercial/Institutional Open Burning SCC 2610020000, Industrial Open Burning SCC
2610010000)

Open burning can be done i n open drums or baskets, in fields and yards, and in large open dumps or pits. Materials commonly disposed of in this manner include municipal waste, auto body components, landscape refuse, agricultural field refuse, wood refuse, bulky industrial refuse, and leaves. For emission inventory purposes, Open Burning is divided into five categories: Residential Municipal Solid Waste (MSW); Residential Leaf; Residential Brush;
Commercial/Institutional; and Industrial.

Criteria pollutant annual emissions associ ated with three of the Residential Open Burning categories (i.e., MSW, Leaf, and Brush) were compiled from an inventory prepared for the Mid

Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE

- VU). 56 Because the MANE

- VU estimates were prepared at the Census tract le vel, it was necessary to aggregate these estimates to the county

level. In many cases, it was necessary to develop a county

- level RP value by weighting MANE

VU inventory Census tract level RP values by Census tract emissions. Seasonal emission

estimates were calculated from the annual estimates using the temporal allocation profiles developed in the MANE

- VU inventory project.

Annual emission estimates for Commercial/Institutional and Industrial Open Burning were calculated in this project using AP

- 42 emi ssion factors and population and employment based emission activity loading factors. 16 39 U.S. Census Bureau population data were used in the

Residential and Commercial/Institutional calculations, while the number of Manufacturing employees (NAICS 31

- 33) was used for the Industrial category. The 2001 Manufacturing sector employment data from County Business Patterns 2 was grown to 2002 using the ratio of the 2002 Pennsylvania Manufacturing sector employment to the 2001 Pennsylvania Manufacturing sector employment obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 3 Seasona l Commercial/Institutional and Industrial emission estimates were developed by applying temporal allocation profiles from

EPA’s EMCH to the annual emission estimates. 4 Commercial/Institutional and Industrial Open Burning are prohibited in the Commonwealth. An 80 percent RE value was applied to each county’s Commercial/Institutional and Industrial emissions to reflect less than 100 percent compliance with the burning ban. 57 For the Industrial and Commercial s ector source categories, point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

The following provides samples of the emission calculations performed in this effort for each of the five open burning categories.

SAMPLE CALCU

LATIONS:52

Residential MSW Open Burning :

(See MANE

- VU inventory report for discussion of annual emission calculations) 56

Annual VOC emissions (Allegheny County) = 0.3823 tons VOC per year

Summer work weekda y VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0021 56

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.3823  0.0021 = 0.0008 tons VOC per day

Ann ual PM10

- PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 1.6979 tons VOC per year Winter work weekday PM10

- PRI emissions = annual PM10

- PRI emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0021 56

Winter work weekday PM10

- PRI emissions = 1.6979  0.0021 = 7.2489 tons VOC per day

Residential Leaf Open Burning :

(See MANE

- VU inventory report for discussion of annual emission calculations) 56

Because the summer and winter season work weekday allocation factors for leaf burning are 0, summer season work weekday and winter season work weekday emissions are 0.

Residential Brush Open Burning :

(See MANE

- VU inventory report for discussion of annual emission calculations) 56

Annual VOC emissions (Allegheny County) = 0.2263 tons VOC per year
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0005 56

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.2263  0.0005 = 0.0001 tons VOC per day

Annual PM10

- PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 0.235 tons VOC per year Winter work weekday P

M10

- PRI emissions = annual PM10

- PRI emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0017 56

Winter work weekday PM10

- PRI emissions = 0.235  0.0017 = 0.00004 tons VOC per day

Commercial/Institutional Open Burning :

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 30 lbs VOC/ton waste/year 3953 NO

x Emission Factor = 6 lbs NO

x /ton waste/year 39

CO Emission Factor = 85 lbs CO/ton waste/year 39

Loading Factor = 24 tons waste/1000 people 39

Population = 94,437 people ( Adams County

– th is is non

- air basin county) 7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 100% 57
RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80% 57

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 6.79 95  0.00275 = 0.0187 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions =19.2651  0.00275 = 0.0530 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 19.2651  0.00275 = 0.0530 tons CO per day

Industrial Open Burning :

where: Emission Factors are the same as for Commercial/Institutional Open Burning Loading Factor = 160 tons waste/1000 employees 3954 Employees = 8,216 employees ( Adams County

– this is non

- air basin county) 2 3

Control Efficiency = 100% 57

Rule Penetration = 100% Rule Effectiveness = 80% 57

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 3.9437  0.00275 = 0.0108 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions =11.1738  0.00275 = 0.0307 tons CO per da y

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 11.1738  0.00275 = 0.0307 tons CO per day

OTHER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATING (SCC 2401200000)

This category includes special purpose coatings used for applications such as maintenance operations at industrial and other facilities, auto refinishing, traffic paints, marine finishes, an d aerosol sprays. Note that this category covers those specific coating processes not already included in other source categories (e.g., High Performance Industrial Maintenance Coatings). Emissions for this category were estimated using a per capita emis sion factor and U.S. Bureau of the Census population data. Each county’s emissions were calculated per the following sample

calculations.55

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.8 lbs VOC/person/year 16 Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7

Control Efficiency = 20% 5

Rule Penetration = 100% Rule Effectiveness = 100%

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00356 9
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 406.3693  0.00356 = 1.4473 tons VOC per day

OTHER TRANSPORTATION (SCC 2401085000)

This source category includes the finishing of vehicles and vehicle parts not included in other source categories (note that area source emissions were not estimated for the Motor Vehicle Surface Coating categor y because all Pennsylvania automobile assembly plants are assumed to be included in the point source inventory). The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission factor and employee data fr om NAICS Codes 33633, 33634, 33635, 333924, 336312, 336322, 336399, 336411, 336413, and 33651. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business

Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 us ing the ratio or 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 3 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emissi on estimates. Note that emissions for this category are reported using the Railroad SCC because there is no “Other Transportation”

SCC.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 35 lbs VOC/employee/year 16 Employees = 2556 employees (Allegheny County) 2 356

Summer work wee kday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00287 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 44.73  0.00287 = 0.1282 tons VOC per day

PESTICIDE APPLICATION (SCC 2461800000)

Pesticides, which contain petroleum solvents and synthetic organic ingredients, are used to kill or retard the growth of insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, or microorganisms. The bulk of pesticide application is asso ciated with agriculture and, therefore, occurs in rural areas. The VOC emissions for each county were estimated using an emission factor based on the number of harvested acres. Harvested acreage data were obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’ s National Agricultural Statistics Service. 58

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Acres Harvested)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 3.5 lbs VOC /acre harvested/year 16
Acres Harvested = 10,527.2490 acres harvested (Allegheny County) 58

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00277 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 18.4227  0.00277 = 0.0510 tons VOC per day

PORTABLE GASOLINE CONTAINERS (SCC 2501060300)

This category covers emissions from residential and commercial sector p ortable gasoline containers. This category accounts for permeation, diurnal, transport, spillage, and vapor57

displacement emissions. Permeation, diurnal, and transport emissions are based on daily gasoline container throughput data. Gasoline throughput f or 2002 was estimated based on gas container population and use data obtained from a California Air Resources Board survey. 59 The year 2002 residential container population was estimated from the county

- level number of occupied housing units. 60 For countie s for which 2002 occupied housing units data were not available, 2000 year housing units data 61 were projected to 2002 based on county population growth rates. 7 The year 2002 commercial container population w as estimated from the number

of commercial sector businesses. 62 County

- level nonroad equipment gasoline consumption

estimates were obtained from the NONROAD model. 63

County

- level year 2002 housing unit, commercial facility, and gasoline throughput data w ere then used in the emission calculation procedures described in Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules. 9 For the permeation, diurnal, and transport emission processes, these procedures result in daily emission estimates for both residential and commercial. These emissions were converted to annual emissions by multiplying by 214 days based on the assumption that nonroad equipment is fueled via gas containers

p rimarily between April and October. The resulting annual emission estimates were then added to the spillage and vapor displacement annual emissions estimates, which were developed from annual NONROAD model gasoline consumption data, to yield total portabl e gasoline container annual emissions for each county. Summer season work weekday allocation factors were developed from the NONROAD model temporal allocations and applied to the annual emissions estimates to obtain summer season workday emissions. 63

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

For Allegheny County :

where (calculated using Ozone Transport Commission methods): Allegheny Residential Permeation VOC Emissions = 299,065.1043 g/day

A llegheny Residential Diurnal VOC Emissions = 2,582,567.049 g/day Allegheny Residential Transport VOC Emissions = 141,733.9079 g/day Allegheny Commercial Permeation VOC Emissions = 41,816.3711 g/day Allegheny Commercial Diurnal VOC Emissions = 408,285.9064 g/day Allegheny Commercial Transport VOC Emissions = 255,584.0428 g/day

Annual Permeation, Diurnal, and Transport VOC Emissions = 3,729,052.382 g/day  214 Annual Permeation, Diurnal, and Transport VOC Emissions = 798,017,209.6 g/year

Total Annual Emiss ions = Annual Permeation, Diurnal, and Transport Emissions + Annual Spillage Emissions + Annual Vapor Displacement Emissions

where: Spillage VOC Emissions = 307,338,392.7 g/year Vapor Displacement VOC Emissions = 93,509,532.4 g/year58

Total Annual Emission s = 798,017,209.6 g/year + 307,338,392.7 g/year + 93,509,532.4 g/year

Total Annual Emissions = 1,198,865,134.7 g/year 

= 1,321.5226 tons/year

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allo cation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month proportion  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.3600  0.692/65 = 0.00383 63

Summer work weekday VOC emission s = 1321.5226  0.00383 = 5.0639 tons VOC per day

REFRIGERANT LOSSES (SCC 2399010000)

This source category covers industrial refrigerant losses from refrigeration equipment used in such industries as ice cream manufacturing, meat packing plants, ice manufa cturing, and refrigerated warehousing. Losses occur in both the normal use of refrigeration systems and during malfunctions. Emissions for each county were estimated using an employment

- based

emission factor 64

, 65 and the number of employees in the following NAICS codes: 311611,
311612, 311613, 311615, 311512

- 311514, 31152, 311411, 311412, 311421

- 311423, 31181,
31132, 31133, 31211

- 31213, 31171, 312113, 311991, 311999, 325211, 49312, 311612, 42281, 42282. The number of employees in each county was obtained from County Business Patterns 66

and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations be low.

SAMPLE NH 3 EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual NH

3 Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees in Sector)

Where:

Emission Factor = 30 lbs NH 3 / employee/ year Employees = 8265 (Allegheny County)

Annual NH

3 Emissions = 247,950 pounds NH 3 per year * = 123.975 tons NH 3 / year59

PORTABLE GAS CONTAINERS

This category covers emissions from portable gas container use, both commercial and

residential. Emission estimates account for permeation, diurnal, transport

- spillage, spillage, and vapor displacement emissions. Estimated use data is based on survey information from the California Air Resources Board. The number of housing units is

used as an indicator for residential containers. The number of commercial bus inesses expected to have at least one gas container is used to estimate commercial use. Emissions for 1996 were taken from estimates developed for the analysis of the OTC Model Rules 29

. Emissions were then projected to 1999 using population as the growth indicato PUBLIC OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (3 SCCs)

Public Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) are wastewater treatment plants typically owned by municipalities. Emissions are calculated for three POTW processes: POTW Wastewater
Treatment Processes (SCC 2630020010 ), POTW Biosolids Processes (SCC 2630020020), and Biosolids Land Application (SCC 2630050000). Biosolids are recyclable solid, semisolid, or liquid untreated residue from sewage treatment in a wastewater treatment plant.

Although both VOC and NH 3 emissio ns result from each of the three processes included in this category, VOC emissions are only estimated for POTW Wastewater Treatment Processes (SCC 2630020010) because of the lack of VOC emission factors for the other processes. Annual NH 3 emission estima tes were taken from an on

- going Mid

- Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union
(MANE

- VU) inventory development project. As part of this Pennsylvania inventory effort, annual VOC emissions were estimated for the POTW Wastewater Treatment Processes category using the MANE

- VU project Pennsylvania emission activity data (total POTW flow) and an AP

42 sewage treatment emission factor. 28 Summer season work weekday emissions were calculated for each process using a summer season work weekday allocation factor based on EIIP temporal allocation guidance. 1

Year 2000 POTW flow data for Pennsylvania facilities were obtained from the EPA Office of Wastewater Management’s year 200 0 Clean Watersheds Needs Survey. 67 Year 2002 wastewater flow was estimated from the county population change between 2000 and 2002. 7 Year 2000 statewide biosolids generation was obtained from BioCycle 2000. 68 Facility

- level biosolids production was estimated based on allocating State generation using facility

- level wastewater flow rates. Year 2002 biosolids generation was estimated by applying Bureau of Census county population growth rates to year 2000 gene ration. 7 Land application of total biosolids generation was calculated by multiplying total generation by 55 percent, which represents the percentage of total Pennsylvania biosolids generation applied to lan d. 68 Further information on the annual emission estimation methods for the processes in this category will be available in a forthcoming report prepared for MANE

- VU. Where present, point source emissions we re subtracted from the60

emissions of the corresponding county. Each county’s emissions were calculated per the following sample calculations.

SAMPLE VOC CALCULATIONS:

where: Emission Factor = 8.9 lbs VOC/millions of gallons flow Flow = 75,290.54 million gallons (Allegheny County)

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00385 1

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 335.04  0.00385 = 1.2899 tons VOC per day

SAMPLE NH 3 CALCULATION:

Where: G = Annual amount of wastewater processed (MMgal) = 75,290 (Allegheny Co.)

EF NH3 = Ammonia emission fac tor of 0.027 lb/ MMgal (Pechan, 2004a) 64

Annual NH

3 Emissions = = 1.016415 Tons NH 3

RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION (7 SCCs)

(Fireplaces: Without Inserts SCC 2104008001; Fireplaces: Inserts

- Catalytic, non

- EPA

- certified SCC 2104008002; Fireplaces: Inserts

- Non

- catalytic, EPA

- certified SCC 2104008003; Fireplaces: Inserts

- Catalytic, EPA

- certified SCC 2104008004; Woodstoves

- Conventional
SCC 2104008010; Woodstoves

- Catalytic SCC 2104008030; and Woodstoves

- Non

- catalytic SCC 2104008050)61

Criteria pollutant annual emissions associated with residential heating with wood were compiled from the 2002 nonpoint source National Emissions Inventory (NEI). 31 The 2002 NEI reports residential wood combustion emissions in seven SCCs, each of which representing a specific combustion equipment type. The NEI reports emissions for the following criteria pollutants:
VOC, NO

x , CO, SO 2 , PM10

- PRI, and PM25

- PRI. The N EI residential wood combustion emission estimation methodology is based on the national population of each equipment type and an estimate of the amount of wood burned in each type of equipment. The national wood combustion estimates by equipment type were then allocated to counties using a number of steps. These steps incorporated information on heating degree days by climate zone, and the urban/rural designation and number of single

- family detached homes in each county. Further details on the

annual emi ssion estimation methodology are available in a forthcoming 2002 nonpoint source

NEI document. 31

The majority of the residential wood combustion emission factors were obtained from EPA's AP

42 document. 39 County

- level seasonal throughput percentages developed for the 2002 NEI were applied in this effort to estimate winter season work weekday emissions (no residential wood combustion activity was allocated to summer season mon ths).

SAMPLE SEASONAL CALCULATION (FIREPLACES WITHOUT INSERTS):

Annual PM10

- PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 59.8205 tons VOC per year Winter work weekday PM10

- PRI emissions = annual PM10

- PRI emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor

Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0044
Winter work weekday VOC emissions = 59.8205  0.0044 = 0.2632 tons VOC per day

PORTABLE GAS CONTAINERS

This category covers emissions from portable gas container use, both commercial and

residential. Emission estimat es account for permeation, diurnal, transport

- spillage, spillage, and vapor displacement emissions. Estimated use data is based on survey information from the California Air Resources Board. The number of housing units is

used as an indicator for residen tial containers. The number of commercial businesses expected to have at least one gas container is used to estimate commercial use. Emissions for 1996 were taken from estimates developed for the analysis of the OTC Model Rules 29

. Emissions were then pr ojected to 1999 using population as the growth indicato SOLID WASTE INCINERATION (2 SCCs)

(Commercial/Institutional Solid Waste Incineration SCC 2601020000, Industrial Solid Waste Incineration SCC 2601010000)62

Solid waste may consist of any discarded solid materials from commercial or industrial sources. The materials may be combustible or noncombustible, and are often burned to reduce bulk, unless direct burial is either available or practical. The resulting pollutants for the purpose of this inventory ar e VOC, NO

x , and CO. On

- site incineration is the confined burning of waste leaves, landscape refuse, or other refuse or rubbish. Slash and large scale agricultural open burning are not included in this emission category.

The emissions for each county wer e estimated per the sample calculations below using emission factors and loading factors from AP

- 42, population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, and employee data from County Business Patterns . Point source emissions, where present, were

subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Commercial/Institutional Solid Waste Incineration :

Annual Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Population)

where: VOC Emission Factor = 9.8 lbs VOC/ton waste burned/year 39

NO

x Emission Factor = 3.7 lbs NO

x /ton waste burned/year 39
CO Emission Factor = 37 lbs CO/ton waste burned/year 39
Loading Factor = 54 tons/1000 people 39 Population = 1,269,904 people (Allegheny County) 7

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

Summer work week day allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 336.0166  0.00275 = 0.9240 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :63

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emission s  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions =1268.6341  0.00275 = 3.4887 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = ann ual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 1268.6341  0.00275 = 3.4887 tons CO per day

Industrial Solid Waste Incineration :

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factors are the same as noted above Loading Factor = 560 tons/1000 employees 39
Employees = 48,544 employees (Al legheny County) 2 3

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor

S ummer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 133.2047  0.00275 = 0.3663 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annu al CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor64

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Summer work weekday CO emissions =502.9158  0.00275 = 1.3830 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO em issions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 502.9158  0.00275 = 1.3830 tons CO per day

STRUCTURE FIRES (SCC 2810030000)

Building fires can produce short

- term emissions of VOC, NO

x , CO, and PM. Structure fire emissions were estimated using emission factors, a loading factor, and a default number of fires per capita (note that PM10

- FIL, PM25

- FIL, and PM

- CON emission factors were not available). Population data were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Each county’s emissions were calculated per the following sample calculations.

Annual Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Per Capita # of F ires)(Population)

where: VOC Emission Factor = 11 lbs VOC/ton material burned/year 16

NO

x Emission Factor = 1.4 lbs NO

x /ton material burned/year 16

CO Emission Factor = 60 lbs CO/ton material burned/year 16
Loading Factor = 1.15 tons material/fire 69

Per Capita Number of Fires = 0.0018 fires/person 70

Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7

VOC Emissions :

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002427 71

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 14.4560  0.002427 = 0.03509 tons VOC per day

CO Emissions :65

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.002427 71

Summer work weekday CO emissions =7 8.8514  0.002427 = 0.1914 tons CO per day

Winter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor
Winter work weekday allocation factor = 0.003126 71

Winter work weekday CO emissions = 78.8514  0.003126 = 0.2465 tons CO per day

TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000)

Traffic paints are used to mark pavement in applications such as dividing lines for traffic lanes, parking space markings, crosswalks, and arrows. The mark ings are usually applied by Commonwealth or local highway maintenance crews. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of organic solvents during and shortly after application of the marking paint. Each county’s emissions were calculated per “Alternative Method Three” described in the EIIP emission estimation guidance document for this category. 72 The calculation uses a national per capita emission factor based on 2002 data for national traffic paint consumption and U.S. population. Control efficiency, r ule penetration, and rule effectiveness factors were incorporated

into the final calculation.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

National per Capita Usage Factor = 39,397,000 gallons 73 /288,368,698 people 7

National per Capita Usage Factor = 0.1366 gallons/person

where: Emission Factor = 3.36 lbs VOC/gallon 72

National per Capita Usage Factor = 0.1366 gallons/person Population =1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7

CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 5
RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%66

Summer work wee kday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00356 9
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 233.1767  0.00356 = 0.8305 tons VOC per day

TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES (TSDF’S)

This source category applies to industrial wastewater and hazardous waste which is generated in many industry types and sizes and include general waste categories such as contaminated wastewaters, spent solvent re siduals, still bottoms, spent catalysts, electroplating wastes, metal contaminated sludges, degreasing solvents, leaded tank bottoms, separator sludges, and off

specification chemicals. These wastes are generated at an industrial site and treated, stored and/or disposed either on

- site at the industrial facility or off

- site at a commercial facility. Operations involved in treatment, storage or disposal of hazardous wastes include impoundment and tanks, land treatment, landfills and waste piles, transfer an d handling operation, injection wells, incinerators, and organic compound removal devices.

The VOC emission estimates for this source category were developed by E.H. Pechan

company. 26 The estimates were derived from EPA Emissions Standard Division estim ates. A growth factor , based on 1990 population and 1999 population projections , was applied to adjust

for 1999 estimates.

WINERIES (SCC 2302070005)

Winery emissions result from the entrainment of ethanol by carbon dioxide during wine

fermentation. F actors affecting ethanol emissions are handling techniques, temperature, process equipment design, and fermenting parameters. Other sources of emissions from the wine making process are blending, transferring, racking and storing of the wine.

Emissions were determined using 2002 county

- level wine production data provided by the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (PLCB). 74 Because monthly production data were available, these data were used to develop the seasonal allocation factors for this category. Th e emission

factors for both red and white wines were obtained from AP

- 42. 75 Since the emission factors for the two types of wines are different, but wine type production data are no longer available, wine production in the Commonwealth was assumed to be 60 percent white wine and 40 percent red

wine. 76 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:67

Annua l VOC Emissions = (0.6  White Wine Emission Factor + 0.4  Red Wine Emission
Factor)  (2002 Total Wine Production)

where: White Wine Emission Factor = 1.80873 lbs VOC/1000 gallons white

wine/year

75

Red Wine Emission Fact or = 4.6236 lbs VOC/1000 gallons red wine/year 75
2002 Total Wine Production = 8.270 thousand gallons (Adams County) 74

2002 Summer Wine Production = 3.000 thousand gallons (Adam s County) 74

White Wine Production Factor = 60% of wine produced 76 Red Wine Production Factor = 40% of wine produced 76

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month wine production/annual wine production  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 3.000/8.270  0.715/65 = 0.00399 (Adams County) 4 74

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.0121  0.00399 = 0.0000484 tons VOC per day

WOOD FURNITURE MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401020000)

This source category includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of wood home or office furniture. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of solvents used in the finish coats and cleanup proced ures. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. Each county’s emissions were calculated according to the sample calculations below using a per employee emission factor and the number of employees in NAICS codes 337122, 337127, 337129, 337211, and 337212. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was

obtained from County Business Patterns 2 and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 3

A 30 percent reduction in VOC emissions was assumed based on a RACT

- based regulation. 77

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULA TION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)(30% Control Efficiency Reduction)68

where: Emission Factor = 1,311 lbs VOC/employee/year 78

Employees = 256 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3

Control Efficiency = 30% 77

Rule Penetration = 100% Rule Effectiveness = 80%

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer wo rk weekday allocation factor
Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00277 4

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 127.5341  0.00277 = 0.3539 tons VOC per dayA

- 1 

## APPENDIX A: REFERENCES

1 Eastern Research Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 1, Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development (Revis ed Final),” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001. (Note: Because this inventory was prepared prior to November 2005, the Commonwealth did not apply the rule effectivness guidance found in

EPA

- 454/P

- 0 5

- 001)

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns 2001, Pennsylvania , available

from http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html. 2003 , accessed October 2003.

3 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics , available from http://www.bls.gov/cew/home.htm

, accessed November 2003.

4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Temporal Allo cation Data,” Emissions Modeling Clearinghouse,

available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/temporal/ , accessed November 2003.

5 63 FR 48848, 1998: Federal Register , "National Volatile Orga nic Compound Emission Standards for Architectural Coatings, Final Rule, Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998.

6 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Table 2: 2002 Architectural Coating Shipments,” Current Industrial Reports, Paint and A llied Products: 2002 , available from http://www.census.gov/industry/1/ma325f02.pdf ), accessed October 2003.

7 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “County Population Estimates Da ta Sets,” available from http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php , accessed November 2003.

8 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, V olume III, Area Sources, Chapter 3, Architectural Surface Coating,” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, November 1995.

9 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Tra nsport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.

10 Glen Heilman, Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators, personal communication with Andrea Ramsey, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February 2004.

11 Ea stern Research Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 17, Asphalt Paving (Revised Final),” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001.

12 D an Szekeres, Michael Baker Corporation, personal communication with Andy Bollman, E. H. Pechan &
Associates, Inc., December 2003.

13 25 Pa. Code Section 129.64, “Cutback Asphalt Paving,” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.64.html , accessed February 2004.

14 Dan Szekeres, Michael Baker Corporation, personal communication with Andy Bollman, E. H. Pechan &
Associates, Inc., December 2003.

15 Steve Fulk , Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators, personal communication with Andrea Ramsey, E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February, 2004.

16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Volume 1, General Guidance for Stationary Sources , EPA

- 450/4

- 91

- 016, May 1991.

17 25 Pa. Code Section 129.75, “ Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing.” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.75.html , accessed January 2004.

18 63 FR 48806, 1998: Federal Register , “National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings, Final Rule,” Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998.

19 Lucy Adams, Radian Corporation, memorandum to SIP inventory preparers and EPA Regions, “ VOC Emissions

from Bakeries ,” prepared under contract to the Office of Air Quali ty Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Contract No. 68

- D0

- 0125), April 24, 1992.

20 Monthly statewide beer production data from Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, available from http://www.ttb.gov/alcohol/stats/02stats/02beerstats.htm , accessed December 2003.

21 Brewery emission factor is the sum of individual brewery process emission factors found in Table 4

- 2 of Emission Factor Documentation for AP

- 42 Section 9.12.1: Malt Beverages, Final Report , prepared by Midwest ResearchA

- 2

Institute October 1996 and available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/bgdocs/b9s12

- 1.pdf , a ccessed February 2004.

22 Brewery emission factor is the sum of individual brewery process emission factors found in Table 4

- 3 of Emission Factor Documentation for AP

- 42 Section 9.12.1: Malt Beverages, Final Report , prepared by Midwest Research

Institute Oc tober 1996 and available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/bgdocs/b9s12

- 1.pdf , accessed February 2004.

23 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatological Da ta: Pennsylvania July

- December 2002 (Volume 107, Numbers 07

- 12), published by National Climatic Data Center, 2003.

24 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Table H40

- House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3 , [Data file], March 2003.

25 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data, Pennsylvania , available from www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/main_pa.html. 2003 , accessed November 2 003.

26 U.S. Department of Energy, E nergy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2002, DOE/EIA

- 0584 (2002), 2003

. 27 Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., “Final Summary of the Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emis sions from Residential Fuel Combustion,” prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, September 2002.

28 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Factor Information Retrieval Data System (FIRE) 6.23 , October 2000.

29 63 FR 48819, 1998: Federal Register , “National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Consumer Products, Final Rule,” Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998.

30 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document S eries, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 6, Solvent Cleaning,” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, September 1997.

31 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Documentation for the 2002 Nonpoint Source National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants ,” prepared for Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventor y.html , (forthcoming).

32 Public Research Institute, “Charbroiling Activity Estimation, Draft Report,” prepared for California Environmental Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board, March 2003.

33 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Ai r Quality Planning and Standards, “Methods for Developing a National Emission Inventory for Commercial Cooking Processes: Technical Memorandum,” prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., September 2003.

34 BioCycle, 2000. “2000 BioCycle National Survey

– Solid Waste Composting Trends in the U.S.”, BioCycle,

November 2000.

35 Eastern Research Group, ““Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” prepared for the Area Sour ces Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996.

36 25 Pa. Code Section 129.63, “ Degreasing Operations,” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/ch apter129/s129.63.html , accessed January 2004.

37 Federal Register , “Subpart T

— National Emission Standards for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning,” Volume 59,
Number 2331, December 2, 1994.

38 The Pennsylvania Dry Cleaners Association disclosed that 1.8 million po unds of VOCs were emitted in Pennsylvania in 1990 from dry cleaning operations. Emission Factor = Total VOC emitted ÷ Pennsylvania Population = 1.8 million lbs VOC ÷ 11.88 million people (1990 census) = 0.15 lbs VOC/person/year

39 U.S. Environmental Prote ction Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources , AP

- 42, Fifth Edition, January 1995.

40 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “ Documentation for the Draft 1999 National Emissions Inventory (Version 3.0) for Criteria Air Pollutants and Ammonia: Area Sources,” prepared for Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, March 2003. Available from ftp://ftp.epa.gov/pub/EmisInventory/draftnei99ver3/criteria/documentation/area/ardoc_99nei_draftv3_0303.pdf

, accessed February 2004.

41 Stan Piorkowski, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, personal
communication with PJ Disclafani, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 2003.A

- 3 42 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administr ation, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 2002 , available

from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_sales /foks.html , accessed

November 2003.

43 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, median sulfur content reported in the 1999 National Emissions Inventory,

available from http://www.e pa.gov/ttn/chief/net/1999inventory.html#final3crit , accessed October 2003.

44 Dan Szekeres, Michael Baker Corporation, personal communication with Maureen Mullen, E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February 2004.

45 Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, Bureau of Motor Fuel Taxes, “Monthly Report of Gallons” for 2002, provided by Paul Sload, December 2003.

46 25 Pa. Code Section 129.60, “ Bulk Gasoline Plants,” available from http://www. pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.60.html , accessed February 2004.

47 25 Pa. Code Section 129.61, “Small Gasoline Storage Tank Control (Stage I Control),” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.61.html , accessed February 2004.

48 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor Model,” EPA420

- R

- 02

- 028, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, October 2002.

49 25 Pa. Code Section 129.82. “Control of VOCs from Gasoline Dispensing Facilities (Stage II),” available from

ht tp://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.82.html , accessed February 2004.

50 25 Pa. Code Section 129.59. “ Bulk Gasoline Terminals,” available from http://www.pacode.co m/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.59.html , accessed February 2004.

51 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2001 , available

from http:/

/tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/petroleum/048701.pdf , accessed November 2003.

52 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2002, available

from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_marketing_annual/pma.html , accessed

November 2003.

53 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Pennsylvania Natural Gas Long Summary,”

available from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_sum_lsum_spa_a_d.htm . accessed November 2003.

54 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Pennsylva nia Natural Gas Residential Consumption,” available from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/hist/n3010pa2M.htm , accessed November 2003.

55 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Admin istration, “Natural Gas Deliveries to Commercial Consumers in Pennsylvania,” available from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/hist/n3020pa2M.htm , accessed

November 2003.

56 E.H. Pechan & As sociates, Inc., “Open Burning in Residential Areas, Emissions Inventory Development Report,” prepared for Mid

- Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, January 31, 2004.

57 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, “Summary of the Methodology Used to Determine Volatile Organic Compounds, Nitrogen Oxides, and Carbon Monoxide Emissions by Source Type for Calendar Year 1999 in Pennsylvania,” no date reported.

58 U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, “Agricultural Statist ics Database, Crops County Data,” available from http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb/ , accessed October 2003.

59 California Air Resources Board, Public Meeting to Consider Approval of California’s Portable G asoline

Container Emissions Inventory , September 1999.

60 U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2002 American Community Survey , available from http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products /Profiles/Single/2002/ACS/PA.htm , accessed February 2004.

61 U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 , available from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&

- geo_id=04000US42&

- _box_head_nbr=GCT

- H6&

- ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&

- _lang=en&

- redoLog=false&

- format=ST

- 2&

- mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTH6 _US9&

- _sse=on , accessed February 2004.

62 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc., MarketPlace CD

- ROM, Jan.

- Mar., 2002, April 2002.

63 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Draft NONROAD2002a, [Computer software]. Available June 16 , 2003 at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/nonroadmdl.htm

. 64 Pechan. Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources

– Draft Report, prepared for the US EPA, Emissions Inventory Improvement Program, prepared by E.H.Pechan & Ass o ciates, Inc.

March 2004.A

- 4 65 Pechan. Technical Memorandum: MANE

- VU 2002 Ammonia Emissions Inventory for Miscellaneous Sources

– Final, prepared for MARAMA by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. March, 2004.

66 U.S. Department of Com merce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns 2001, Pennsylvania, available from http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html. 2003 , accessed October 2003.

67 U.S. Environm ental Protection Agency, “Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2000,” Office of Wastewater Management, available from http://cfpub.epa.gov/cwns/ , accessed December 2003.

68 JG Press, Inc. “2000 Biocycle National Survey

– Solid Waste Composting Trends in the U.S.” BioCycle, Vol. 41
Issue 11, November 2000

. 69 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 18, Structure Fires,” prepared for Area Sources Com mittee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001.

70 National Fire Protection Association, Fire Loss in the United States During 2002 , September 2003.

71 U.S. Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Fire Data Center, Fi re in the United

States: 1987

- 1996 , August 1999, available from http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/fius11th.pdf

, accessed December 2003.

72 Eastern Research G roup, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 14, Traffic Markings” prepared for Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, May 1997.

73 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Cens us , Current Industrial Reports: Paint and Allied Products:

2002 , MA325F(02)

- 1, July 2003.

74 Susan Rose, Office of Planning and Policy Management, Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, personal
communication with PJ Disclafani, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 2003.

75 From Table 9.12.2

- 1 of emission factor documentation for AP

- 42 Section 9.12.2 Wines and Brandy , October
1995, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/fi nal/c9s12

- 2.pdf , accessed February 2004.

76 Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board figures showing Pennsylvania wine production in 1990.

77 30 Pa.B 2995, 2000: Pennsylvania Bulletin , "Surface Coating Processes," Volume 30, Number 24, Harrisburg,
PA, June 10, 200 0.

78 “Short List” of AMS SCCs and Emission Factors. July 1992.

# P ennsylvania 2007 Area Source Criteria Air Pollutant Emission Estimation

Methods

December 2009

Prepared by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

Bureau of Air Quality Rachel Carson State Office Building

PO Box 8468 Harrisburg, PA 171 05

- 8468

Contact: Sherry Bogart, 717

- 783

- 5974, sbogart@state.pa.us2



### TABLE OF CONTENTS

AREA SOURCE DEFINITION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 5

METHOD S FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS

................................ .................... 5 ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS (SCC 2460600000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 12 AIRCRAFT COATING (SCC 240107500 0)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 14 APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 16 ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATINGS (SCC 2401001000)

................................ ................................ .............. 18 ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 20 AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET PRODUCTS (SCC 2460400000)

................................ ................................ ......... 25 AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (S CC 2401005000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 27 BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 29 COATINGS AND RELATED PRODUCTS (SCC 2460500000)

................................ ................................ ................. 31

COMMERCIAL COOKING

– (5 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 33 CONSTRUCTION DUST (3 SCCs: SCC 2311010000, SCC 2311020000, SCC 2311030000)

................................ .. 41 DEGREASING (4 SCCs: SCC 2415360000, SCC 2415300000, SCC 2415230000, SCC 2415200000)

..................... 53 DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000000)

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 56 ELECTRONIC AND OTHER ELECTRIC COATINGS (SCC 2401065000)

................................ .............................. 58 FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 60

FIFRA

- REGULATED PRO DUCTS (SCC 2460800000)

................................ ................................ ............................. 61

FUEL COMBUSTION

– COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL (7 SCCs: SCC 2103001000, SCC 2103002000,

....... 64
SCC 2103004000, SCC 2103005000, SCC 2103006000, SCC 2103007000, SCC 2103011000)

................................ 64

FUEL COMBUSTION

– INDUSTRIAL (7 SCCs: 2102001000,

................................ ................................ ................ 79

SCC 21 02002000, SCC 2102004000, SCC 2102005000,

................................ ................................ .............................. 79 SCC 2102006000, SCC 2102007000, SCC 2102011000)

................................ ................................ ............................. 79 GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 102 GRAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 107 HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS (SCC 2460200000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 108 INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE COATINGS (SCC 2401100000)

................................ ................................ .......... 1103

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000)

................................ ................................ ............................ 111 MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 113 METAL CANS (SCC 2401040000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 115 METAL FURNITURE (SCC 2401025000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 117 METAL SHEETS, STRIPS, COILS (SCC 2401045000)

................................ ................................ ............................ 118 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090000)

................................ ................................ ................. 120

MISCELLAN EOUS PRODUCTS (NOT OTHERWISE COVERED) (SCC 2460900000)

................................ ....... 122 OPEN BURNING (3 CCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 124 OTHER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATINGS (SCC 24012000 00)

................................ ................................ ................ 129 PAPER, FOIL AND FILM (SCC 2401030000)

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 131 PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS (SCC 2460100000)

................................ ................................ ................................ 133

PORTABLE FUEL CONTAINERS

– GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION (10 SCCs)

................................ ..................... 135 PUBLIC OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (SCC: 2630020000)

................................ ................................ .............. 138 RAILROAD SOLVENTS (SCC 2401085000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 140 RESIDENTIAL COAL FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION (2 SCCs: SCC 2104001000, SCC 2104002000)

............... 142 RESIDENTIAL FUEL OIL/KEROSENE COMBUSTION (2 SCCs: SCC 2104004000, SCC 2104011000)

........... 149 RESIDENTIAL LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) (SCC 2104007000)

................................ .......................... 154 RESIDENTIAL NATURAL GAS (SCC 2104006000)

................................ ................................ ............................... 157 TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 161

WINERIE S (SCC 2302070005)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 163 WOOD FURNITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401020000)

................................ ................................ .................... 165

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 1674

[This page intentionally left blank.]5

AREA SOURCE DEFINITION

For emission inventory development purposes, the term “area sources” traditionally refers to stationary air pollutant emissio n sources that are not inv entoried at the facility

- level. While point sources are inventoried individually, area sources are typically inventoried at the county level ( Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development Volume III: Chapter 1 ) 1

. Sources such as g asoline

stati ons and dry cleaning establishments are often treated as both point and area sources. The main reason they are not exclusivel y treated as point sources is that the effort required to gather data and estimate emissions for each individual facility is ve ry g reat, while emissions per facility are generally small. For these sources, a cut

- off point, typically based on annual emissions, usually defines the distinction between point and area. The Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) specifies reporting cr iteria air pollutant (CAP) thresholds for point and area sources, which vary depending on the pollutant and the attainment status of a county (see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/cerr/index.html ).

Individual emissions sources are grouped with other like sources into source categories. These source categories are grouped in such a way that they can be estimated collectively using one methodology. Most area source categories do not have an analogue i n the point

sourc e inventory. C ommercial/consumer product use is such an example . The boundaries of the individual activities associated with these sources are often hard to determine or are, at best, arbitrary. Even within a point source facility, some ac tivities occur that are more easily treated as area source emissions. Some emissions associated with surface coating operations such as equipment cle aning, for example, can be more practically estimated using area source methods even though other surface c oating operations may be reported as part of the point source inventory.

M ETHODS FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS

Area source emissions are generally estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known indicator or collective activ ity for each area source category at the county level. Several methodologies are available for estimating area source activity levels and emissions. For this 2007 area source inventory, estimates were derived by (1) treating area sources as point sources, (2) obtaining

1 Eastern Research Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 1, Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development (Revised Final),” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001.6

county

- level activity data, (3) apportioning national or statewide activity data to counties, (4) use of per capita emission factors , and (5) use of per employee emission factors. Each approach has distinct advantages and disadvantages as dis cussed below.

Small sources that would normally be treated as area sources may be handled as point sources for several reasons. First, coun ty level activity data may not be readily determinable for certain source categories. Municipal landfills provide an example of this situation.

For some source categories, county activity estimates were available. For example, monthly wine production data for 2007 were available by county from the Alcohol & Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department of Treasury. If count y activity data were not available, Commonwealth totals were apportioned to counties using data for a surrogate of the emissions activity. For example , the quantity of highway gasoline consumed in the Commonwealth was apportioned to the county level on the basis of vehicle miles traveled per county. Residential, commercial, and industrial fuel combustion were other categories that were handled in this manner. The major drawbacks of this approach are that additional data and resources are needed to apportion activity levels to the local level, and accuracy is lost in the process. If Commonwealth level data were not available, then national data were used in a similar manner.

Sources in certain area source categories were not only numerous and diffuse, but we re too difficult to inventory by any of the above procedures. As an example, solvent evaporation from consumer and commercial products such as waxes, aerosol products and window cleaners cannot be routinely determined by DEP. In addition, it would be resou rce

- intensive to develop and implement a survey that would yield such information. Per capita or per employee emission factors are used to estimate emissions for thes e source categories. The use of per capita emission factors is based on the assumption tha t, for a given source category, emission activity can be reasonably associated with population. This assumption is valid over broad areas for certain categories such as Architectural Surface Coating and solvent evaporation from Consumer and Commercial Prod ucts.

For categories that rely on a per capita emission factor, county population estimates for 2007 were obtained from the U.S. Bu reau of the Census. When emissions are calculated from per employee emission factors, county

- level employment data for 200 6 were obtained . Because county employment data for 2007 was not be available from the Bureau of the Census’ County Business Patterns (CBP) until July 2009

, data for the appropriate North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes were obtained by E.

H. Pechan & Associates from the 2006 CBP 1 . The Commonwealth

- level employment data were obtained at the NAICS code level

from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns 2006, Pennsylvania , available from http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html

,.

2 U.S. Bureau of Labor St atistics, Current Employment Statistics , available from http://www.bls.gov/sae/home.htm

.7

In some cases, the Census does not report the employment value for a particular NAICS code/county combination because of confidentiality concerns. In these cases, the Census provides employment data as a range (e.g., between 20 and 99 employees). When a precise number of employees was not available from CBP, an initial estimate was develop ed based on the mid

- point of the reported range (e.g., 60 employees was used for the 20 to 99 employment range). For a given NAICS code, the mid

- point estimates were then adjusted up or down to yield the Commonwealth

- level employment for that NAICS code as reported in the CBP. The adjustments were computed by first calculating the difference between the Commonwealth

- level CBP employment and the total of the employment values for counties for which actual employment values were reported in the CBP. The resul ting value represents employment for the counties for which the CBP reports an employment range value. This value was then divided by the sum of th e mid

- point employment estimates for the counties for which employment was reported as a range. The resulting ratio was multiplied by

the mid

- point estimates to yield the final county employment estimates. The calculation spreadsheets provide each of the steps used i n this estimation procedure. National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US C ensus Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor was performed by E.H. Pechan & Associates.

Control Efficiency (CE)

Control efficiency is the emission reduction percentage associated with a control device, process change or reformulation. Co ntrol efficiencies can vary widely by source within an area source category. Area source control effici ency values represent the weighted average control for the category.

Rule Penetration (RP)

Because lower

- emitting sources within a source category may not be covered by a regulation, it is important to reflect the extent to which total source category emissions are affected. Rule penetration represents the percentage of total source category emissions that are affected by a regulation.8

Rule Effectiveness (RE)

Rule effectiveness is a factor used to adjust the control efficiency to account for failures and uncertainties that affect the actual performance of the control. For example, control equipment performance may be adversely affected by age of the equipment, lac k of maintenance, or improper use. With the exception of Federal regulations, a default R E value of 80 percent was applied when

information was not available to substantiate the true RE value 1 . An RE of 100 percent was applied to all Federal regulations that require national compliance.

The RE factor is applied to the estimated control effici ency in the calculation of emissions from a source. The formula for the application of CE, RP, and RE is displayed below:

Uncontrolled Emissions = 50 pounds per day Control Efficiency = 90 percent

Rule Penetration = 60 percent

Rule Effectiveness = 80 p ercent

Controlled Emissions = Uncontrolled Emissions × (1

– CE/100 × RP/100 × RE/100)

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1

– 0.9 × 0.6 × 0.8) = 50 × (1

– 0.432) = 28.4 pounds per day

An RE and/or RP value can substantially increase emission estimates when hig h control efficiencies are involved. For example, if RP was not applied in the above example (equivalent to a 100 percent RP assumption), then estimated emissions are:

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1

– 0.9 × 0.8) = 50 × (1

– 0.72) = 14 pounds per day.

1 Eastern Research Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, C hapter 1, Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development (Revised Final),” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001.9

Po int Source Subtractions

Source categories can appear in both the area source and point source inventory. For example, emissions from large dry cleani ng establishments may be included in the point source inventory, while emissions from smaller dry cleaner s (below some specified cutoff) are included in the area source inventory. When a point source inventory and an area source inventory include emissio ns from the same process, the area source emission estimates are adjusted to avoid double counting. Althoug h many area source categories (e.g., Architectural Surface Coating) do not have companion point source categories, there are many source categories in the area source inventory for which emissions are reported in the Pennsylvania point source inventory (se e Table 1). For these source categories, point source emissions are subtracted from total emission estimates to yield area source emissions. Ideally, this adjustment would occur in the area source emission calculation by subtracting point source emission activity (throughput) from total emission activity as shown below.

However, the Pennsylvania point source inventory does not report throughput for most sources. Therefore, it was necessary to calculate the point source subtract ions using total and point source emission estimates as identified below.

where: p = pollutant

Separate point source inventories were developed for Allegheny and Philadelphia counties and for all other counties. Except for

ammo nia and lead, the Allegheny inventory reports annual emissions for all pollutants included in the area source inventory. The se pollutants are also missing from the Philadelphia County annual inventory. Unlike the Allegheny inventory, the Philadelphia Cou nty inventory does not report PM emissions on a filterable and condensable basis, but rather on a primary basis. The inventory f or the remaining counties reports annual emissions for the same pollutants as the Philadelphia County inventory, with the excep tion of primary PM 2.5 (PM25

- PRI), which is not reported for the remaining counties. Given the different ways in which PM emissions are reported in the 2002 Pennsylvania point source inventory, it was necessary to develop PM emissions on a consistent basis to facilitate the point source subtractions. Therefore, for Allegheny County, Pechan summed the condensable and the filterable PM emission s to
obtain PM10

- PRI and PM25

- PRI emission values for use in the point source subtractions.10

To facilitate the point source subtractions, the annual emission records for all point SCCs associated with an area source category were summed to the county level. The county

- level point source annual emissions were then subtracted from the area source category

annual emissions using an area source category

- to

- point source category crosswalk developed for this project. Note that in keeping with EIIP guidance, when the resulting area source emission estimate was negative, the area source emission value was set to zero. The follo wing presents an example of point source NO

x emission subtraction calculations for the Commercial/Institutional

Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal Combustion category (SCC 2103002000).

The following individual sections describe th e annual and seasonal emission estimation methodology for each area source category. Each section contains a brief description of the source category, identifies whether the category’s emission estimates were s ubject to point source emission subtractions, and presents sample emission calculations (point source subtractions are not included in these sample calculations). All referenced sources are displayed in Appendix A.11

Table 1. Area Source Inventory Categories with Point Source Emission Subtract ions

SCC SCC1DESC SCC3DESC SCC6DESC SCC8DESC

2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2102002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103004000 Stationa ry Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/I nstitutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2102005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types

2302070001 Industrial Processes Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20 Fermentation/Beverages Breweries

2401015000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242 Total: All Solvent Types

2401020000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Wood Furniture: SIC 25 Total: All So lvent Types

2401040000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Metal Cans: SIC 341 Total: All Solvent Types

2401050000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Finished Metals: SIC 34

- (341 + 3498) Total: All Solvent Types

2401055000 Solvent Utili zation Surface Coating Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35 Total: All Solvent Types

2401080000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Marine: SIC 373 Total: All Solvent Types

2401085000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Railroad: SIC 374 Total: All Solvent Ty pes

2401090000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Manufacturing Total: All Solvent Types

2415200000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Conveyerized Degreasing Total: All Solvent Types

2415300000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Cold Cleaning Total: All Solvent Types

2425000000 Solvent Utilization Graphic Arts All Processes Total: All Solvent Types

2501060053 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling

2501060101 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Uncontrolled

2501060102 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Statio ns Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Controlled

2601010000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery On

- site Incineration Industrial Total

2601020000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery On

- site Incineration Commercial/Institutional Total

2620030000 Waste Dis posal, Treatment, and Recovery Landfills Municipal Total12

A DHESIVES AND SEALANTS (SCC 2460600000 )

Adhesives are formulated organic polymer compounds that adhere to, or form a bond between, one or more substrates. They are commonly referred to as ceme nts, glues and pastes. Adhesives can be classified as water

- based, solvent

based, hot melts, or radiation curable. Sealants and caulking compounds are organic polymers used to fill or seal gaps between surfaces. The primary solvents used in formulating ad hesives and sealants are aliphatic hydrocarbons and

ke y tones.

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) 1 and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 populatio n data 2 . The emission factor

represents pre

- control emission rates. A CE of 8.3 percent 3 and an RP of 48.6 percent 4 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each county’s emi ssions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Docume nt Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html , accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Popu lation Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

3 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.13

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 0.57 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,2 10 (Allegheny County) 2

Control Efficiency = 8.3% 3

RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% 4

RE (Ru le Effectiveness) = 100%14

A IRCRAFT COATING (SCC 2401075000)

This source category includes aircraft building and repairing. The emissions were calculated using an employment

based emission factor 1 and employee data from N AICS code 3364XX . The number of employees in each county for 2006 was collected by E.H. Pechan and Associates, who calculated the midpoints from any given ranges 2 . Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations below. Point s ource emissions, where present,

were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 15 lbs VOC /employee/year Employees = 4494 emplo yees ( Delaware County)

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparabil ity Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed October, 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the ra nge, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.1516

APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the coating process in the manufacture of electrical appl iances such as refrigerators, freezers, laundry equipment, and electric house wares. Emissions for each county were estimated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission

factor 1 and the number of 2006 employees in the NAICS codes 3352XX

. . The number of Appliance employees was

collected from U.S. Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns 2 by E. H. Pechan and Associates who calculated midpoints for any ranges obtained

. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from thes e emission

estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 249 lbs VOC/employee/year Employees = 41 (

Berks County)

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 National, state and c ounty level employment data downloaded fr om US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.1718

AR CHITECTURAL SURFACE COATINGS (SCC 2401001000)

Architectural surface coatings are used by homeowners and painting contractors to coat the interior and exterior of buildings and other structures. The coatings are applied by spray, brush, or roller and dry o r cure at ambient conditions. The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the paint and cleanup solvents.

Each county’s emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor 1 and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007

count y population data 2 . The Federal architectural surface coating regulations call for a 20 percent reduction in the solvent content of architectural surface coatings manufactured after September 1999, which reduction was accounted for in the development of t he new per capita emission factor for states with AC rules (2.41 lbs VOC/person/year) 1

.

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Compara bility Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed August 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.19

where:

Emission Factor = 2.41 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County ) CE (Control Efficiency) = 0%, integral with new EF, for states

with AC rules 1

R P (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%20

ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs)

SCC category’s emissions for 2461021000 (Cutback Asphalt) and 2461022000 (Emulsified Asphalt) were calculated by E.H. P echan and Asso ciates. The following documentation was prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates with

footnotes located at the end of this section :

Asphalt paving is the process of applying asphalt concrete to seal or repair the surface of roads, parking lots, driveways, walkways, or airport runways. Asphalt concrete is a composite material comprised of a binder and a mineral aggregate. The binder, referred to as asphalt cement, is a byproduct of petroleum refining and contains the semi

- solid residual

material left after t he more volatile chemical fractions have been distilled off. 1

a. Emulsified Asphalt

Asphalt cements thinned with water and an emulsifying agent are known as cutback asphalts. This thinning reduces the viscosity of the asphalt making it easier to work with the mixture. The primary uses of emulsified asphalt include tack and seal operations, priming roadbeds, and paving operations for pavements up to several inches thick.

Emulsified asphalt may contain up to 12 percent organic solvents by volume. 1 Emission s from emulsified asphalt result from the evaporation of VOCs after the mixture is laid down. Compared to cutback asphalt, emulsified asphalt has lower VOCs emissions per ton used.

b. Cutback Asphalt

Asphalt cements thinned with petroleum distillates are k nown as cutback asphalts. The primary uses of cutback asphalt include tack and seal operations, priming roadbeds, and paving operations for pavements up to several inches thick. Cut

back asphalt is produced by thinning the binder in a diluent containing 25 to 45 percent petroleum distillates by volume prior to mixing with the aggregate. This reduces the viscosity of the asphalt making it easier to work with the mixture.

Emissions from cutback asphalt result from the evaporation of VOCs and HAPS after the mixture is laid down. Of all asphalt types, cutback asphalt has the highest diluent content and, as a result, emits the highest levels of VOCs per ton21

used. The timeframe and quantity of VOC and HAP emissions depend on the type and the quantity of organic solvent

used as a diluent.

For these source categories , the following SCC s w ere assigned:

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4

2461022000 Solvent

Utilization Misc. Non

- industrial:

Commercial Emulsified

Asphalt Total: All

Solvent Types

2461021000 Solvent

Utilization Miscellaneous Non

industrial:

Commercial Cutback Asphalt Total: All Solvent Types

The general approach to calculating emissions from emulsified asphalt and cutback asphalt paving is to multiply the estimated county

- level emu lsified asphalt usage by emission factors for VOCs.

State

- level emulsified asphalt and cutback asphalt usage in 2008 was obtained from the Asphalt Institute’s 2008 Asphalt Usage Survey

. 2 State

- level data were allocated to county

- level according to the fra ction of paved road vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in each county.

Total annual VMT estimates by State and roadway class were obtained from the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) annual Highway Statistics report. 3 Paved road VMT was calculated by subt racting the State/roadway class unpaved road VMT from total State/roadway class VMT. State

- level paved road VMT was spatially allocated to counties according to the fraction of total VMT in each county for the specific roadway class as shown by the followi ng equation:

VMT x,total = ∑VMT

ST,y * VMT

x,y / VMT

ST,y

where: VMT x,total = VMT (million miles) in county x on all paved roadways

VMT ST,y = paved road VMT for the entire State for roadway class y
VMT x,y = total VMT (million miles) in county x and roadway cl ass y VMT ST,y = total VMT (million miles) in entire State for roadway class y22

The county

- level total VMT by roadway class used in this calculation was previously developed by E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. to support the on

- road national emissions inve ntory

. 4

c. Emission Factors

Emission factors for emulsified asphalt and cutback asphalt usage were obtained from the Technical Report Series produced by the U.S. EPA’s Emission Inventory Improvement Program and are reported in Table 1 below. 1

d. Emis sions

Emissions were calculated by multiplying the county

- level asphalt usage (barrels) by the emission factors listed in Table 1 and then dividing by 2000 to convert pounds to tons.

Emissions x,y = (Asphalt Usage

x * EF y ) / 2000

where: Emissions x,y = emis sions (tons) of pollutant y in county x

Asphalt Usage

x = emulsified asphalt (barrels) used in county x

EF y = emission factor for pollutant y

To convert tons of asphalt reported in the 2008 Asphalt Usage Survey to barrels, it was assumed that the densi ty of asphalt is similar to that of water, 8.34 lbs/gal, and that one barrel equals 42 gallons.

Barrels of Asphalt = (tons of asphalt * 2000 lbs / 8.34 lbs/gal) / 42 gal/barrel

Note that one barrel of asphalt weights approximately 350 pounds.23

e. Sample Calculation

VOC emissions from emulsified asphalt usage in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania :

From the 2008 Asphalt Usage Survey , the state of Pennsylvania used 69,671 tons of emulsified asphalt in 2008. The fraction of paved road VMT traveled in Allegheny C ounty is 10,516.10 million miles divided by 104,400.2 million miles which equals 0.10073

.

Asphalt Usage Allegheny = (( 69,671 tons * 2000 lbs / 8.34 lbs/gal) / 42 gal/barrel) * 0.10073

Asphalt Usage Allegheny = 40,070.571 barrels

VOC Emissions Allegheny = ( 40,070.571 barrels * 9.2 lbs/barrel) / 2000 lbs/ton

VOC Emissions = 184.32 tons

Table 1. Criteria Emission Factors for Emulsified and Cutback Asphalt Paving

Pollutant Description Pollutant

Code Emission

Factor (LBS/BARRE L) Emission Factor

Referenc e

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS VOC 9.2 Emulsified Asphalt

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS VOC 88.00 Cutback Asphalt24

f. References

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emissions Inventory Improvement Program, Technical Report Series

, Volume III

– Area Source s, Chapter 17, “Asphalt Paving ,” prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc. for EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2001. Available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html

.

2. Asphalt Institute, 2008 Asphalt Usage Survey for the United States and Canada

, http://www.asphaltinstitute.org/

.

3. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics 2007, Office of Highway Policy Information, Washington, DC, 2008. Available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinform ation/statistics/2007/

.

4. E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. “Documentation for the On

- road National Emission Inventory (NEI) for Base Years 1970

- 2002,” report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Res earch Triangle Park, NC. January 2004.25

AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET PRODUCTS (SCC 2460400000)

The EPA has divided automotive consumer products into two different major categories: (1) detailing products, and (2) maintenance and repair products. It is often difficult to distinguish the automotive aftermarket product subcategories and formulations for distinct product types because category descriptions and designations may overlap. In some cases varying formulations may be due to the product form. There are a large number of individual VOCs in these products, including HAPs.

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) 1 and U.S. Bureau of the Cen sus 2007 population data 2 . The emission factor

represents pre

- control emission rates. A CE of 8.97 percent 3 and an RP of 48.6 percent 4 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, Consu mer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/t tn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html , accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

3 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4 E.H. Pech an & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.26

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 1.36 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 (A llegheny County) 2

Control Efficiency = 8.97% 3

RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% 4

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%27

AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (SCC 2401005000)

Automotive refinishing is the painting of worn or damaged automobiles, light trucks, and other vehicles. The coating of
new cars, however, is considered in the point source inventory, and therefore not included in this inventory. County

level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project solvent working group 1 and U.S. Bure au of the Census 2007 population data 2 . The automotive refinishing VOC emission factor is 0.5 lb/person.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor =0.5 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County) 2

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revision August 14, 2009. Factor is deri ved from national numbers and so represents an average for the entire country; Freedonia 2007; accessed August 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Popula tion Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.2829

BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000)

Bakery emissions, primarily ethanol, result from yeast fermentation during the baking process of bread and bakery products. Ethanol is emitted through a vent with any combustion product gases. Relevant NAICS codes for bakeries

are 311811 and 311812.

County

- level VOC emissions were calculated using an employment

- based emission factor and the number of NA ICS code 311811 and 311812 employees in each county. The number of employees in each county for 2007 was obtained

from County Business Patterns 1 T he Bakeries emission factor is 0.11 tons VOC/employee/year 2

. Point source emissions, where present, were su btracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 0.11 tons VOC /employee/year Employees = 863 (Allegheny County)

1 U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 County Business Patt erns, http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GQRGeoSearchByListServlet?ds_name=CB0700A1&_lang=en&_ts=286

805349530

2 Lucy Adams, Radian Corporation, memorandum to SIP inventory preparers and EPA Regions, “ VOC Emissions from

Bakeries ,” prepared under contrac t to the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Contract No. 68

- D0

- 0125), April 24, 1992.30

= 94.93 tons VOC per year31

COATINGS AND RELATED PRODUCTS (SCC 2460500000)

Aerosol spray paints and related products such as paint removers make up this consumer and commercial solvent product group. Other forms of coatings (besides aerosols ) are not included in this group, but are included under architectural or industrial coatings, or auto body refinishing. Aerosols spray paints contain VOCs that function as both solvents and propellants. The most commonly used propellants in aerosol paint s are propane, butane and isobutane.

Paint removers are classified as either application removers or immersion removers. Solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol are also used to enhance the action of the paint remover. Methylene chloride (53 percent) and methanol (41 percent) account for the majority of paint

- removing solvents consumed (Frost & Sulllivan, Inc., 1990).

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory Impro vement Program (EIIP) 1 and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data 2 . The emission factor

represents pre

- control emission rates. A CE of 0 percent 3 and an RP of 48.6 percent 4 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapt er 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://ww w.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html , accessed April 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

3 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.32

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 0.95 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County) 2

Control Efficiency = 0% 3

RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% 4

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%33

COMMERCIAL COOKING

– (5 SCCs )

Source Category Description

Commercial Cooking emissions are for 5 source categories (2302002100, 2302002200, 2302003000, 2 302003100, and 2302003200) based on equipment type. Emissions estimates are for all types of meat cooked in a particular piece of equipment. Deep fat frying of french fries was also included. The following documentation was prepared by E.H.

Pechan and As sociates :

For this source category, the following SCCs were assigned:

Source

Classification Code SCC Level One SCC Level Two SCC Level Three SCC Level Four

2302002100 Industrial

Processes Food and Kindred

Products: SIC 20 Commercial Cooking

-

Charbroi ling Conveyorized
Charbroiling

2302002200 Industrial

Processes Food and Kindred

Products: SIC 20 Commercial Cooking

-

Charbroiling Under

- fired
Charbroiling

2302003000 Industrial

Processes Food and Kindred

Products: SIC 20 Commercial Cooking

-

Frying Deep Fat F r ying

2302003100 Industrial

Processes Food and Kindred

Products: SIC 20 Commercial Cooking

-

Frying Flat Griddle Frying

2302003200 Industrial

Processes Food and Kindred

Products: SIC 20 Commercial Cooking

-

Frying Clamshell Griddle
Frying34

Acti vity Data

Activity data was collected from the US Census Bureau’s county level population estimates for July 1, 200 7

. 1

Control Factors

No controls were assumed for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors were developed and reviewed by an ER TAC advisory panel composed of state and EPA personnel (Contact: Roy Huntley, huntley.roy@epa.gov). They were created by taking 2002 emissions in the NEI and dividing by the 2002 population to develop per capita emission factors. These emission factors a re listed in Table 1.

Sample Calculations

Emissions are calculated for each county using emission factors and activity as:

E x,p = A

x × EF x,p

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.35

where:

E

x,p = annual emissions for category x and pollutant p ; A

x = population data associated with category x ;
EF x,p = emission factor for category x and pollutant p

.

Example:

Using conveyorized charbroiling in Allegheny County, PA as an example:

According to the US Census Bureau, population on July 1, 2007 is 1,21 9

, 210

The emission factor for VOC is 0.01205 lb/person

E V O C = 1, 219,210 people × 0.01205 6 lb VOC / person

= 14,6 98

. 81 lb VOC or 7.3 4 94 ton VOC

Table 1: Commercial Cooking Emission Factors Developed by ERTAC

SCC SCC description Pollutant

Code Factor

Numeric

Value Factor Unit

Numerator Fa ctor Unit

Denominator

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 100027 1.326E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 100027 6.385E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 100414 7.668E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 100414 5. 312E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 100425 3.730E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 100425 2.747E

- 03 LB EACH36

SCC SCC description Pollutant

Code Factor

Numeric

Value Factor Unit

Numerator Fa ctor Unit

Denominator

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 106445 7.003E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 106445 4.214E

- 0 5 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 107062 2.682E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 107062 2.183E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 108883 3.597E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 108883 2.496E

- 03 LB E ACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 108952 4.421E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 108952 3.063E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 120127 5.943E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 120127 1.914E

- 05 LB EACH

2 302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 120127 8.487E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 123386 1.466E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 123386 1.113E

- 03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 129000 8.852E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 U nder

- fired Charbroiling 129000 3.587E

- 05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 129000 3.139E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 130498292 2.709E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 130498292 7.911E

- 04 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Gr iddle Frying 130498292 2.589E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 1330207 7.799E

- 07 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 1330207 1.560E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 191242 1.309E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired C harbroiling 191242 2.542E

- 06 LB EACH37

SCC SCC description Pollutant

Code Factor

Numeric

Value Factor Unit

Numerator Fa ctor Unit

Denominator

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 193395 1.278E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 193395 1.723E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 206440 6.484E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbro iling 206440 2.638E

- 05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 206440 2.371E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 208968 2.476E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 208968 6.372E

- 05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 208968 4.88 6E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 50000 7.796E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 50000 5.876E

- 03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 50328 1.450E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 50328 2.332E

- 06 LB E ACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 50328 1.154E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 56553 1.772E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 56553 5.432E

- 06 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 56553 2.918E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conve yorized Charbroiling 71432 1.006E

- 03 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 71432 7.351E

- 03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 75070 5.562E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 75070 4.242E

- 03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Ch arbroiling 83329 1.613E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 83329 2.776E

- 06 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 83329 1.357E

- 06 LB EACH38

SCC SCC description Pollutant

Code Factor

Numeric

Value Factor Unit

Numerator Fa ctor Unit

Denominator

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 84742 4.140E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 84742 2.413E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 85018 2.771E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 85018 8.647E

- 05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 85018 6.021E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 86737 6.408E

- 06 LB E ACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 86737 2.003E

- 05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 86737 6.484E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 91203 1.135E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 91203 2.649E

- 04 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 91203 1.308E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 92524 1.271E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 92524 2.613E

- 05 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying 92524 2.788E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroi ling 95476 6.167E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 95476 4.387E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 95487 3.482E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 95487 2.111E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling 98862 4.991E

- 06 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling 98862 3.250E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling CO 4.245E

- 02 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling CO 1.350E

- 01 LB EACH

2302003000 Deep Fat Flying CO 0.000E+00 LB EACH39

SCC SCC description Pollutant

Code Factor

Numeric

Value Factor Unit

Numerator Fa ctor Unit

Denominator

230200310 0 Flat Griddle Frying CO 1.269E

- 02 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying CO 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling NOX 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling PM10

- FIL 1.648E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbro iling PM10

- FIL 1.048E

- 03 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying PM10

- FIL 2.727E

- 04 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying PM10

- FIL 1.981E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling PM10

- PRI 4.980E

- 02 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroilin g PM10

- PRI 3.528E

- 01 LB EACH

2302003000 Deep Fat Flying PM10

- PRI 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying PM10

- PRI 1.031E

- 01 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying PM10

- PRI 6.994E

- 03 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling PM25

- FIL 1. 597E

- 04 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling PM25

- FIL 1.013E

- 03 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying PM25

- FIL 2.074E

- 04 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying PM25

- FIL 1.685E

- 05 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling PM25

- PRI 4.827E

- 02 LB EACH

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling PM25

- PRI 3.415E

- 01 LB EACH

2302003000 Deep Fat Flying PM25

- PRI 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Frying PM25

- PRI 7.834E

- 02 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying PM25

- PRI 5.910E

- 03 LB EACH

2 302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling SO2 0.000E+00 LB EACH

2302002100 Conveyorized Charbroiling VOC 1.206E

- 02 LB EACH40

SCC SCC description Pollutant

Code Factor

Numeric

Value Factor Unit

Numerator Fa ctor Unit

Denominator

2302002200 Under

- fired Charbroiling VOC 4.148E

- 02 LB EACH

2302003000 Deep Fat Flying VOC 1.261E

- 02 LB EACH

2302003100 Flat Griddle Fryin g VOC 5.943E

- 03 LB EACH

2302003200 Clamshell Griddle Frying VOC 2.316E

- 04 LB EACH41

CONSTRUCTION DUST ( 3 SCCs: SCC 2 311010000 , SCC 2 311020000 , SCC 2311030000 )

RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

Emissions from residential construction activity are a function of the acreage disturbed and volume of soil excavated for residential construction. Residential construction activity is developed from data obtained from the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC)’s Bureau of the Census

. The following documenta tion was prepared by E.H. Pechan

and Associates with footnotes located at the end of this section :

For this source category, the following SCC was assigned:

Source

Classification

Code SCC Level One SCC Level Two SCC Level

Three SCC Level

Four

23110100 00 Industrial

Processes Construction:

SIC 15

- 17 General Building

Construction Total

Activity data:

There are two activity calculations performed for this SCC, acres of surface soil disturbed and volume of soil removed

for basements

.

Surface s oil dis turbed

The US Census Bureau has 2008 data for Housing Starts

- New Privately Owned Housing Units Started 1 which provides regional level housing starts based on the groupings of 1 unit, 2

- 4 units, 5 or more units. A consultation with

the Census Bureau in 20 02 gave a breakdown of approximately 1/3 of the housing starts being for 2 unit structures, and 2/3 being for 3 and 4 unit structures. The 2

- 4 unit category was then divided into 2

- units, and 3

- 4 units based on this

ratio.42

To get the number of structures for each grouping, the 1unit category was divided by 1, 2 unit category was divided by
2, and the 3

- 4 unit category was divided by 3.5. The 5 or more unit category listed may be made up of more than one

structure. New Privately Owned Housing Units Authoriz ed Unadjusted Units 2 gives a conversion factor to determine the ratio of structures to units in the 5 or more unit category. For example if a county has one 40unit apartment building, the ratio would be 40/1. If there are 5 different 8 unit buildings in th e same project, the ratio would be 40/5. Structures started by category are then calculated at a regional level. The table Annual Housing Units Authorized by Building Permit

3 has 2007 data at the county level to allocate regional housing starts to the coun ty level. This results in county level housing starts by number of units. The following surface areas were assumed disturbed for each unit type:



### Table 1: Surface Soil removed per unit type

1

- Unit 1/4 acre/structure

2

- Unit 1/3 acre/structure Apartment 1 /2 acre/structure

The 3

- 4 unit category was considered to be an apartment. Multiplication of housing starts to soil removed results in number of acres disturbed for each unit category.

Basement soil removal

To calculate basement soil removal, 2007 Characteristics of New Houses 4 is used to estimate the percentage of 1 unit structures that have a basement (on the regional level). The county level estimate of number of 1 unit starts is multiplied by the percent of 1 unit houses in the region that have a basement to get the number of basements in a county. Basement volume is calculated by assuming a 2000 square foot house has a basement dug to a depth of 8 feet (making 16

, 00 0 ft 3 per basement). An additional 10% is added for peripheral dirt bringing the total to 17

, 60 0 ft 3 per basement.43

Emission Factors:

Initial PM 10 emissions from construction of single family, two family, and apartments structures are calculated using the emission factors given in Table 2. The duration of construction activit y for houses is assumed to be 6 months and the duration of construction for apartments is assumed to be 12 months.

Table 2. Emission Factors for Residential Construction

Type of Structure Emission Factor Duration of

Construction

Apartments 0.11 to ns PM10/acre

- month 12 months

2

- Unit Structures 0.032 tons PM10/acre

- month 6 months

1

- Unit Structures w/o

Basements 0.032 tons PM10/acre

- month 6 months

1

- unit Structures with

Basements 0.011 tons PM10/acre

- month 6 months

0.059 tons PM10/1 000 cubic yards

Regional variances in construction emissions are corre cted using soil moisture level and silt content. These correction parameters are applied to initial PM 10 emissions from residential construction to develop the final emissions inven tory. To account for the soil moisture level, the PM 10 emissions are weighted using the 30

- year average precipitation

evaporation (PE) values from Thornthwaite’s PE Index. Average precipitation evaporation values for each State were

estimated based on PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These values range from 7 to 41.44

To account for the silt content, thePM 10 emissions are weighted using average silt content for each county. A data base containing county

- level dry silt values was complied. These values were derived by applying a correction factor developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt values to dry silt values. 5

The equation for PM 10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content

is:

where:

Corrected E PM10 = PM 10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content,

PE = precipitation

- evaporation value for each State,

S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried.

Once PM 10 adjustments h ave been made, PM 25 emissions are set to 1 0% of PM 10

Example Calculation:

PM 10 Emissions = ∑( A unit x T construction x EF unit ) x Adj PM Where A unit = HS Unit x SM Unit HS Unit = Regional Housing Starts x (county building permits/Regional building permits)

SM Unit = Area or volume of soil moved for the given unit type

T Construction = Cons truction time (in months) for given unit type

EF Unit = Unadjusted emission factor for PM 10 for the given unit type Adj PM = PM Adjustment factor45

References:

1. New Privately Owned Housing Units Started for 2008 ( Not seasonally adjusted)

http://www.census.gov/const/startsua.pdf

2. Table 2au. New Privately Owned Housing Units Authorized Unadjusted Units for Regions, Divisions, and

States http://www.census.gov/const/C40/Table2/tb2u2007.txt

3. Annual Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits CO2007A, purchased from US Department of Census

4. Type of Foundation in New One

- Family Houses Completed

, http://www.census.gov/const/C25Ann/sftotalfoundation.pdf46

NON

- RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

Emissions from non

- residential construction activity are a function of the acreage disturbed for non

- residential

construct ion. The following documentation was prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates with footnotes located at the

end of this section :

For this source category, the following SCC was assigned:

Source

Classification

Code SCC Level One SCC Level Two SCC Level

Th ree SCC Level

Four

2311020000 Industrial

Processes Construction:

SIC 15

- 17 Heavy

Construction Total

Activity Data:

Annual Value of Construction Put in Place in the U.S 1 has the 2008 National Value of Non

- residential construction.

The national value of non

- residential construction put in place (in millions of dollars) was allocated to counties using

county

- level non

- residential construction (NAICS Code 2362) employment data obtained from County Business

Patterns 2 (CBP) . Because some counties employme nt data was withheld due to privacy concerns, the following procedure was adopted:

1. State totals for the known county level employees was subtracted from the number of employees reported in the

state level version of CBP. This results in the total number o f withheld employees in the state.

2. A starting guess of the midpoint of the range code was used (so for instance in the 1

- 19 employees range, a
guess of 10 employees would be used) and a state total of the withheld counties was computed.47

3. A ratio of guessed employees (Step 2) to withheld employees (Step 1) was then used to adjust the county level
guesses up or down so the state total of adjusted guesses should match state total of withheld employees (Step

1)

In 1999 a figure of 2 acres/$10 6 was developed. The Bureau of Labor Statistics Producer Price Index 3 lists costs of the construction industry from 1999

- 2007. 2007 acres per $10 6 = 1999 acres per $10 6 x (1999 PPI / 2007 PPI) =2 acres/$10 6 (132.9 / 204.3) = 1.301 acres per $10 6

Emission Factors:

Initi al PM 10 emissions from construction of non

- residential buildings are calculated using an em ission factor of 0.19

tons/acre

- month. The duration of construction activity for non

- residential construction is assumed to be 11 months. Regional variances in cons truction emissions are corre cted using soil moisture level and silt content. These correction parameters are applied to initial PM 10 emissions from non

- residential construction to develop the final emissions inventory.

To account for the soil moisture lev el, the PM 10 emissions are weighted using the 30

- year average precipitation

evaporation (PE) values from Thornthwaite’s PE Index. Average precipitation evaporation values for each State were estimated based on PE values for specific climatic divisions wit hin a State. These values range from 7 to 41.
To account for the silt content, the PM 10 emissions are weighted using average silt content for each county. A data base containing county

- level dry silt values was complied. These values were derived by a pplying a correction factor developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt values to dry silt values. 7

The equation for PM 10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content is:48

where:

Correc ted E PM10 = PM 10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content,

PE = precipitation

- evaporation value for each State,

S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried.

Once PM 10 adjustments have been made, PM 25 emissions are set t o 1 0% of PM 10

Example Calculation:

Emissions PM10 = N Spending x (Emp county / Emp National ) x Apd x EF Adj x M

Where N Spending = National spending Emp county = county level employment data Emp National = National level employment data Apd = Acres per million dollars

EF Adj = Adjusted PM10 emission factor M = duration of construction activity

References:

1. Annual Value of Construction Put in Place: http://www.census.gov/const/www/ototpage.html

2. Coun ty Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/index.html

3. Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov/data/ Table BMNR49

ROAD CONSTRUCTION

E missions from road construction activity are a function of the acreage disturbed for road construction. Road construction activity is developed from data obtained from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The following documentation was prepared b y E.H. Pechan and Associates with footnotes located at the end of this

section :

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

Source

Classification

Code SCC Level One SCC Level Two SCC Level

Three SCC Level

Four

2311030000 Industrial

Processes Con struction: SIC

15

- 17 Road Construction Total

Activity Data:

The Federal Highway Administration has Highway Statistics, Section IV

- Highway Finance, Table SF

- 12A, State Highway Agency Capital Outlay 1 for 2006 which outlines spending by state in sever al different categories. For this SCC, the following columns are used: New Construction, Relocation, Added Capacity, Major Widening, and Minor Widening. These columns are also differentiated according to the following six classifications:

1. Interstate, urban

2. Interstate, rural

3. Other arterial, urban

4. Other arterial, rural

5. Collectors, urban

6. Collectors, rural50

The State expenditure data are then converted to new miles of road constructed using $/mile conversions obtained from

the North Carolin a Department of Transportation (NCDOT) in 2000. A conversion of $4 million/mile is applied to the interstate expenditures. For expenditures on other arterial and collectors, a conversion factor of $1.9 million/mile is applied, which corresponds to all ot her projects.

The new miles of road constructed are used to estimate the acreage disturbed due to road construction. The total area disturbed in each state is calculated by converting the new miles of road constructed to acres using an acres

disturbed/mi le conversion factor for each road type as given in the table below:

Table 1: Spending per M ile and Acres D isturbed per M ile by H ighway T ype

Road Type Thousand Dollars per

mile Acres

Disturbed per

mile

Urban Areas, Interstate 4000 15.2

Rural Areas, Interstate 4000 15.2

Urban Areas, Other Arterials 1900 15.2

Rural Areas, Other Arterials 1900 12.7

Urban Areas, Collectors 1900 9.8

Rural Areas, Collectors 1900 7.951

Residential building starts 2 are used to allocate the state

- level acres disturbed by road construction to the county. A ratio of the number of building starts in each county to the total number of building starts in each state is applied to the

state

- level acres disturbed to estimate the total number of acres disturbed by road construc tion in each county.

Emission Factors:

Initial PM 10 emissions from construction of roads are calculated using an em ission factor of 0.42 tons/acre

- month. Since most road construction consists of grading and leveling of land, the higher emission factor m ore accurately reflects the high level of cut and fill activity that occurs at road construction sites. The duration of construction activit y for road construction is assumed to be 12 months. Regional variances in construction emissions are corre cted using soil moisture level and silt content . These correction parameters are applied to initial PM 10 emissions from road construction to develop the final emissions inventory.
To account for the soil moisture level, the PM 10 emissions are weighted using the 30

- year average precipitation

evaporation (PE) values from Thornthwaite’s PE Index. Average precipitation evaporation values for each State were estimated based on PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These values range from 7 to 41.

T o account for the silt content, thePM 10 emissions are weighted using average silt content for each county. A data base containing county

- level dry silt values was complied. These values were derived by applying a correction factor developed by the Califo rnia Air Resources Board to convert wet silt values to dry silt values. The equation for PM 10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content is:

where: Corrected E PM10 = PM 10 emissions corrected for soil moistu re and silt content,

PE = precipitation

- evaporation value for each State,

S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried.

Once PM 10 adjustments have been made, PM 25 emissions are set to 1 0% of PM 1052

Emission Calculation:

Emissions PM10 = ∑(HD rt x MC rt x AC rt ) x (HS County / HS State ) x EF Adj x M

Where HD rt = Highway Spending for a specific road type

MC rt = Mileage conversion for a specific road type

AC rt = Acreage conversion for a specific road type

HS County = Housing Starts in a given count y HS State = Housing Starts in a given State

EF Adj = Adjusted PM10 Emission Factor M = duration of construction activity

References:

1. 2006 Highway Spending : http://www.fhwa. dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs06/xls/sf12a.xls

2. Annual Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits CO2007A, purchased from US Department of Census

.53

DEGREASING (4 SCCs: SCC 2415360000, SCC 2415300000, SCC 2415230000, SCC 2415200000)

(Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning ) SCC 2415360000, Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) SCC 2415300000, Electronics (Vapor/In

- Line) SCC 2415230000, Other (Vapor/In

- Line) SCC 2415200000)

Surface cleaning, also known as “degreasing”, includes the solvent cleaning or conditioning of metal surfaces and parts, fabricated plastics, electronic and electrical components and other nonporous substrates. These cleaning processes are designed to remove foreign material, such as oils, grease, waxes and moisture, usually in the preparation for further

treatme nt, such as painting, electroplating, galvanizing, anodizing or applying conversion coatings. Three basic types of surface cleaning operations are currently used: cold cleaning, vapor cleaning, and in

- line or conveyorized cleaning, which

can be either a co ld or vapor cleaning process. VOC emission results from the evaporation of solvents used in these

processes.

Cold cleaning is a batch process in which solvents are applied at room temperature or slightly heated. Parts are immersed in a solvent, usually mi neral spirits. Parts too large for immersion may be sprayed or wiped with a solvent. The primary cold cleaning application is cleaning of tools or metal parts at service and automotive repair stations and manufacturing facilities. Cold cleaning may incorpo rate covers or freeboards to limit the evaporative loss of solvents.

In

- line cleaners use automated load systems (typically conveyors) to maintain a continuous feed to the cleaning unit. These units use both cold and vapor

- cleaning methods as described ab ove, with the majority being halogenated solvent cleaning systems. These units are used for large

- scale operations and are usually enclosed except to the conveyor inlet or exit. A common application of in

- line cleaners is cleaning printed circuit boards fo r the electronic and electrical component industries.

The Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) developed the following population

- based methods for estimating degreasing emissions.54

Activity data was collected from the US Census Bureau’s county l evel population estimates for July 1, 2007. 1 Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where: Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 2.5 lb s VOC/person/year 1

Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 1.1 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Electronics and Electrical (Vapor/In

- Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.21 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Other (Vapor/In

- Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.49 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County ) 2

Auto Repair Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66% 3

Manufacturing Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66% 3

Electronics Vapor/In

- Line CE (Control Efficiency) = 63 % 3

Other Vapor/In

- Line CE (Control Efficiency) = 63% 3

All Categories RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% All Categories RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80%

1 Eastern R esearch Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 6,Solvent Cleaning,” Table 6.5

- 2 (EPA 1991), prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Septembert 1997.

2 2 U .S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.g ov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

3 25 Pa. Code Section 129.63, “Degreas ing Operations,” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.63.html55

Allegheny County Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emissions Calculation :56

DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000 000 )

Three types of dry cleaning operations ar e used: coin

- operated facilities using perchloroethylene (perc); commercial/industrial facilities using perc; and commercial/industrial facilities using VOC solvents. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below using an emplo yment

- based emission

factor 1 and the number of 2006 employees in NAICS codes 81231X, 81232X, and 81233X.

. The number of Dry Cleaning employees was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 by E. H. Pechan and Associates who also performed midpoint calculatio ns on any ranges obtained

. E ach county’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations

below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Fa ctor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 467 lbs VOC/ employee/ year 1

Employees = 2002 (2006 Allegheny County) 2

1 ERTAC Recommended, Freedonia 2007, accessed October 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment mid point and adjustment factor

.5758

E LECTRONIC AND OTHER ELECTRIC COATINGS (SCC 2401065000)

The VOC emissions from this source c ategory result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the insulation coatings applied to wire and cable and electronic parts. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employment

based emission factor 1 and the number of employees in NAICS codes 331319, 331422, 331491, 335929, 335921 and

335311

. The number of Electrical Appliance employees was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 and the midpoints were calculated by E. H. Pechan and Associates where obtained

. E ach county’s emissions wer e estimated per the sample calculations below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 24.7 lbs VOC/employee/year 1

Employees = 60 (Alleghe ny County) 2

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project solvent working group, August 8, 2009, (version 4) .xls, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of e mployment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.5960

FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the gluing and coat ing process. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employment

- based emission factor 1 and employees

number s in NAICS codes 321 XX 2

. The number of employees in each county was collected from County Business patterns and the adjusted employe e numbers w ere prepared by Pechan & Associates using employment midpoint and adjustment factors for any ranges obtained

. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission

estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Em issions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 43 lbs VOC/employee/year 1

Employees =270 (Allegheny County) 2

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project solvent working group , August 8, 2009, (version 4).xls, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the rang e, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.61

F IFRA

- REGULATED PRODUCTS (S CC 2460800000)

Pesticides defined by FIFRA include substances or mixtures that are used to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests, as well as substances used as plant regulators, defoliators, and desiccants. Consumer pesticides are used in the home and garden, as well as in commercial and governmental applications. Disinfectants and antimicrobial products are included. Household uses include pet care products, disinfectants and insecticides. All consumer and commercial pesticides contain VOCs. Ae rosol and liquid sprays contain VOCs as solvents, usually ethanol and isobutane. Pesticides products can be grouped according to their target pest, but should also be grouped according to their form (solid, liquid or aerosol) when considering control meas ures.

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) 1 and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data 2 . The emission factor

represents pre

- control emis sion rates. A CE of 20 percent 3 and an RP of 48.6 percent 4 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/inde x.html , accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

3 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measu re Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.62

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed be low.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

E mission Factor = 1.78 lbs per person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County) 2

Control Efficiency = 20% 3

RP (Rule Penetrat ion) = 48.6% 4

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa. gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html , accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

3 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.6364

FUEL COMBUSTION

– COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL ( 7 SCCs: SCC 2103001000, SCC 2103002000, SCC 2103004000, SCC 2103005000, SCC 210300600 0, SCC 2103007000, SCC 2103011000)

Source Description and Classification

This sub

- sector covers emissions from fuel combustion at stationary non

- point sources within the

commercial/institutional sector. These documentation and fuel combustion emissions were calculated by E. H. Pechan

and Associates. References are listed at the end of the Fuel Combustion

– Commercial/Institutional section. The following are the fuel types that will be included in the inventory for the commercial/institutional non

- point source sub

sector: anthracite coal, bituminous/sub

- bituminous coal, distillate oil, residual oil, natural gas, LPG, wood, and kerosene. Motor gasoline is not included as a non

- point source because it is expected that all non

- point gasoline

combustion in this sector is included in the non

- road inventory.

The approach to be used in calculating emissions for commercial/institutional fuel combustion is to first develop state

level fuel consumption estimates, then to allocate these to the county

- level, and t hen to multiply the resulting county

level consumption estimates by appropriate emission factors.

Source Classification. The non

- point SCCs associated with commercial/institutional fuel combustion are displayed in

Table 1.

Table 1. Non

- point Source Co mmercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion SCCs

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Co mmercial/Institutional Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous
Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Inst itutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines65

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Ga s (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types

2103008000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Wood Total: All Boiler Types

2103011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Total: All Combustor Types

Activity D ata

Table 2 summarizes this sector’s non

- point source activity data, units, and data source. Total state

- level commercial sector energy consumption data are available from the Energy Information Administration (EIA)’s State Energy Data System (SEDS), and were used for most source categories (EIA, 200 7 a). However, as documented below, a number of adjustments were made to the SEDS data, and a separate EIA data source was used for distillate oil. Year 2006 SEDS

data were used to estimate 200 7 emissions bec ause these were the latest year consumption data available at the time this work was performed in 2009.

Table 2. Non

- point Source Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion Activity Data

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4 Activity Activ ity

Data

Source

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types Thousand short tons

of coal consumed EIA’s SEDS a

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminou s/
Sub

- bituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types Thousand short tons

of coal consumed EIA’s SEDS a

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: All Boiler Types Thousand barrels of

distillate oil consumed EIA’s Fuel Oil

and Kerosene
Sales a

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types Thousand barrels of

residual oil consumed EIA’s SEDS a66

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4 Activity Activ ity

Data

Source

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Instit utional Natural Gas Total: All Boiler Types Million cubic feet of natural gas consumed EIA’s SEDS a

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types Thousand barrels of
LPG con sumed EIA’s SEDS a

2103008000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Wood Total: All Boiler Types Billion Btu of wood

consumed EIA’s SEDS a

2103011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Total: All Comb ustor Types Thousand barrels of

kerosene consumed EIA’s SEDS a

(a) With adjustments that are described in the text of this section.

Fuel

- Specific Activity Data Adjustments

Coal

- for commercial/institutional coal combustion, t he SEDS data do not provide coal consumption estimates by type of coal (i.e., anthracite ver sus bituminous/sub

- bituminous) and in some cases, CAP emission factors differ between the
two. Because anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the Commonwealth, while bituminous is mined i n the western
half, the emission calculations assume that eastern counties burn anthracite coal while western counties burn

bituminous coal.

Commercial Coal Combustion :

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.3 l bs/ton anthracite coal/ye ar; 0.05 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 9 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 11 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 5.0 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00042 lbs/ton anthra cite coal/year and bituminous coal/year67

SO 2 Emission Factor =34.71 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 91.96 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year (EPA default values for PA)

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1 4.718 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 12 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 6.4224 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 1.4 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.0 8 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 0.0 4 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89% Bituminous Coal Sulfur Con tent = 2.42%

Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash Pennsylvania Commercial Coal Consumption = 574,000 tons Number of Commercial County Employees (Allegheny County) = 637,800 Number of Pennsylvania ’s Comme rcial Employees = 4,546,525

where:

NOX Emissions :68

Distillate Oil and LPG

– the SEDS commercial/institutional sector distillate oil and LPG consumpt ion data include consumption estimates for equipment that EPA includes in the non

- road sector inventory. To avoid double

- counting of LPG consumption, EPA ran the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) for 2006 and calculated the national

volume of non

- roa d LPG consumption from commercial sector source categories. This estimate was then divided into the SEDS total industrial sector LPG consumption estimate to yield the proportion of total commercial/institutional sector LPG consumption attributable to the non

- road sector in that year (approximately 18 percent). To estimate the volume of commercial/institutional sector LPG consumption that should not be included in the non

- point source in

ventory EPA subtracted 18 percent from each state’s commercial sector LPG consumption estimate reported in SEDS.

To avoid double

- counting of distillate oil consumption between the non

- point and non

- road sector emission inventories, EPA relied on a source other than SEDS to estimate consumption. The approach uses more deta iled distillate oil consumption estimates reported in EIA’s Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales , and assumptions from the regulatory impact analysis (RIA) for EPA’s non

- road diesel emissions rulemaking (EIA, 200 8 b; EPA, 2003). Table 4 displays the assumptions tha t were applied to the state

- level distillate oil consumption estimates reported in Fuel Oil

and Kerosene Sales to estimate total stationary source commercial/institutional sector consumption

.

T able 4. Assumptions Used to Estimate Commercial/Institutional Sector Stationary Source Distillate Fuel Consumption

Sector Distillate Fuel Type % of Total Consumption from Stationary
Sources

Commercial No. 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 80

No. 2 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

No. 2 Distillate/Ultra

- Low, Low, and High Sulfur

Di esel 0 a

No. 4 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

a A very small portion of total commercial/institutional diesel is consumed by point sources (SCC 203001xx).69

Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Combustion :

where:

VOC Emission Facto r = 0.34 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 20 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year Pb Emission Factor = 0.00126 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year Sulfur Content = 0.3%

SO 2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lbs/thous. gal. distillate oil/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/ thous. gal. distillate oil

/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs /thous. gal. distillate oil

/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/ thous. gal. distillate o il

/year Pennsylvania Commercial Distillate Oil Consumption = 4,264,000 barrels = 179,088 thousand gallons

where: Number of Allegheny County Commercial Employees = 637,800 Number of Pennsylvania Commercial Employees = 4,546,525

NO2 Emissions :70

Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Combustion :

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 1.13 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 55 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/thou s gal. residual oil/year Pb Emission Factor = 0.00165 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 353.25 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year Sulfur Content = 2.25%

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 14.9413 lbs/ thous gal. residual oil/year

PM25

- FIL Emissio n Factor = 5.5488 lbs /thous gal. residual oil/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.5 lbs/ thous gal. residual oil/year Pennsylvania Commercial Residual Consumption = 287,000 barrels = 12,054,000 gallons

where: Number of Commercial/Institutional County Employees (Allegheny County) = 637,800

Number of Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional Employees = 4,546,525

VOC Emissions :71

Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Combustion :

where:

VOC Emission Fac tor = 5.5 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 100 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year CO Emission Factor = 84 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year Pb Emission Factor = .0005 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM10

- FIL Emis sion Factor = 0.13 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.11 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.32 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional NG Consumption = 130,328 MMCF

where: Number of Allegheny County Commercial Employees = 637,800 Number of Pennsylvania Commercial Employees = 4,546,52572

CO Emissions :

Commercial/Institutional LPG Combustion :

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 21.91 lbs /1000 barrel LPG/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 398.38 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year CO Emission Factor = 501.96 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year Pb Emission Factor = 0.001827 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 2.39 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Fa ctor = 0.797 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.438 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.28 lbs/1000 barrel LPG/year Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional LPG Consumption = 689,000 barrels73

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 637,800 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 4,546,525

VOC Emissions :

Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Combustion :

where:

VOC Emissio n Factor = 0.3278571 lbs/1000 ga l Kerosene/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 19.28572 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

CO Emission Factor = 4.821429 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.001215 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 41.07857 lbs/1 000 gal Kerosene/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.041429 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.8003572 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.25 lbs/1000 gal Kerosene/year Pennsylvania Commercial Kerosene Consumption = 4 20,000 barrels = 17,640,000 gallons74

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 637,800 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 4,546,525

SO2 Emissions :

Point Source Energy Adjustm ent

Because the point source inventory also includes commercial/institutional fuel combustion source categories, it is necessary to subtract point source inventory fuel use from the SEDS fuel consumption estimates. Table 5 displays the

crosswalk between commercial/institutional fuel combustion non

- point SCCs and associated point SCCs that EPA plans to use in the subtraction procedure. The subtractions will be performed after summing the point source throughput estimates to the state

- level

.75

Table 5. Poi nt Source Subtraction SCCs Relevant to Nonpoint Source

Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

- if not specified at level 3)

2103001000 & 2103002000

-- Commercial/Institutional; Anthracite Coal; Total: All B oiler Types and Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

103002xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal

10500202 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Coal)

50190 002 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Coal)

50290002 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Coal)

2103004000

-- Commercial/Institutional; Distillate Oil; Tot al: Boilers and IC Engines

103005xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil

10500205 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Distillate Oil)

50190005 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Governmen t Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Distillate Oil)

50290005 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Distillate Oil)

2103005000

-- Commercial/Institutional; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

103004xx Ex ternal Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil

2103006000

-- Commercial/Institutional; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

103006xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas

10500206 External Combustion Boi lers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Natural Gas)

203002xx Internal Combustion Engines Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas

50190006 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Natural Gas)

50290006 Waste Dispos al Solid Waste Disposal

- Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Natural Gas)

2103007000

-- Commercial/Institutional; Liquid Petroleum Gas; Total: All Combustor Types

103010xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

10500210 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (LPG)

203010xx Internal Combustion Engines Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

50190010 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Government A uxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (LPG)

50290010 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (LPG)

2103008000

-- Commercial/Institutional; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

103009xx External Combustion Boilers Commerc ial/Institutional Wood/Bark Waste

10500209 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Wood)

2103011000

-- Commercial/Institutional; Kerosene; Total: All Combustor Types

203009xx Internal Combustion Engines Commercial/Institution al Kerosene/Naphtha (Jet Fuel)

50100603 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Government Fire Fighting (Kerosene)

### County Allocation of State Activity Data

Year 200 7 county

- level activity estimates will be developed by allocating the state

- level activit y resulting from the adjustments to the SEDS data described above. The EPA compiled 2006 estimates of commercial sector (NAICS codes 42 through 81) employment

from the Bureau of Census’ County Business Patterns 2006 for use in this procedure (Census, 2009 a). A separate document describes

how withheld County Business Patterns employment data were estimated (Divita, 2008). The EPA also developed 2006 county

- level estimates of institutional sector (NAICS code 92) employment from 2007 local government employ ment data in the 2007 Census of

Governments and adjustments reflecting each state’s 2006/2007 local government employment ratio (Census, 2009b). 1 State

- level commercial/institutional fuel combustion by fuel type was allocated to each county using the rat io of the number of commercial/institutional sector employees in each county to the total number of commercial/institutional sector employees in the state.



### Emission Factors

The EPA has compiled criteria and hazardous air pollutant emission factors for n on

- point source commercial/institutional fuel combustion categories (Huntley, 2009). These emission factors, which are too numerous to list here, are included in a spread sheet
within the ICI fuel combustion workbook. In most cases, these are the same emi ssion factors that were used in preparing the 2002

non

- point source NEI (Pechan, 2006). Commercial/institutional wood combustion emission factors were obtained from an ICI fuel combustion study being performed for the Central Regional Air Planning Associa tion (CENRAP) (Pechan, 2009a).



### Potential Improvements

States may wish to incorporate the following improvements in developing non

- point source commercial/institutional fuel combustion

emission estimates: Update SO 2 emission factors to reflect coal sulfu r content estimates for coal used in the industrial sector in 2006

--

1 County

- level federal and state government employment data are not available from the Bureau of the Census.77

a recent review of industrial and commercial coal sulfur content values for the Central Regional Air Planning Association con cluded that the 2002 NEI values are based on unrepresentative d ata (Pechan, 2009b). 1

Additional References for Fuel Combustion

- Commercial/Institutional

1. Census, 2009a: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, County Business Patterns 2006 , available from: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/download/06_data/index.html , accessed March 2009. Census, 2009b: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, “Local Government Employment and Payroll, March 2006,” 2007 Census of Gove rnments , available from: http://www.census.gov/govs/www/apesloc06.html , accessed March 2009.

2. Divita, 2008: Divita, Frank, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., memorandum to Roy Huntley, U.S. En vironmental Protection Agency, “County Business Patterns Calculations,” December 4, 2008.

3. EIA, 2008a: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, State Energy Data System

– Consumption, Physical
Units, 1960

- 2006, available from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html , released November 28, 2008.

4. EIA, 2008b: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales , data availabl e from: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821use_dcu_nus_a.htm , release date December 23, 2008.

5. EPA, 2003: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines,” EPA420

- R

- 03

- 008, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, April 2003.

6. Huntley, 2009: Huntley, Roy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “SCCs & emission factors to be used in 2008 NEI to Bollman May 1 2009.mdb [electronic file],” May 1, 2009.

1 Actual data characterizing sulfur content of coal consumed in the commercial sector is limited, but appears to be in

- line with industrial coal consumption values. Therefore, industrial sector sulfur content can reasonably be assumed to be representative of

commercial sector sulfur content.78

7. Pechan, 2009a: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Area Combustion Source Emissions Inventory Improvement Methodology, Technical Memorandum,” E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., prepared for Cen tral Regional Air Planning Association, March 20, 2009.

8. Pechan, 2009b: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Evaluation of ICI Combustion Coal Sulfur Content, Technical Memorandum,” prepared for Central Regional Air Planning Association, March 28, 2009.

9

. Pechan, 2006: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. “Documentation for the Final 2002 Nonpoint Sector (Feb 06 Version) National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants,” prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 2006.79

FUEL COMBUSTION

– INDUSTRIAL (7 SCCs: 2102001000,

SCC 2102002000, SCC 2102004000, SCC 2102005000,

SCC 2102006000, SCC 2102007000, SCC 2102011000 )

Source Category Description

This sub

- sector covers emissions from fuel combustion at stationary non

- poi nt sources within the industrial sector (i.e., sources that are not reported in the point source inventory because their emissions are too small). These documentation and fuel combustion emissions were calculated by E. H. Pechan and Associates. Reference s are listed at the end of the Fuel Combustion

– Industrial

section. Industrial fuel combustion emissions will be computed for the following fuel types: coal, distillate oil, residual oil, natu ral gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), kerosene, and wood.

There are additional types of energy that are consumed in the industrial sector: asphalt and road oil; feedstocks, naphtha ( less than 401°F); feedstocks, other oils (greater than 401°F); lubricants; motor gasoline; miscellaneous petroleum products; pentan es plus; special naphthas; and waxes. With the exception of motor gasoline, all of these additional fossil fuels are not actually com busted (oxidized) but are used as chemical feedstocks, construction materials, lubricants, solvents, or reducing agents. Therefore, there are no industrial sector combustion emissions from these fuel types. As described in more detail later, most of the fuel types that are included in the industrial combustion sector, also have a non

- fuel use component. Therefore, it is ne cessary to exclude this component in calculating non

- point source industrial fuel combustion activity/emissions. Motor gasoline is not inventoried as a non

- point source because it is expected that gasoline combustion in this sector is included in the non

- road inventory.

The approach to be used in calculating emissions for industrial fuel combustion is to first develop state

- level fuel consumption estimates, then to allocate these to the county

- level, and then to multiply the resulting county

- level consump tion estimates by appropriate emission factors.80

Source Classification. Table 1 displays the non

- point SCCs associated with industrial fuel combustion.

Table 1. Non

- point Source Industrial Fuel Combustion SCCs

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level

2 SCC Lev el 3 SCC Level 4

21020010

00 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

21020020

00 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous
Coal Total: All Boiler Types

21020040

00 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

21020050

00 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

21020060

00 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines

21020070

00 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Boiler Types

21020080

00 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Wood Total: All Boiler Types

21020110

00 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Indu strial Kerosene Total: All Boiler Types81

Activity Data

Table 2 summarizes this sector’s non

- point source activity data, units, and data source. Total state

- level industrial sector energy consumption data are available from the Energy Information Adm inistration (EIA)’s State Energy Da ta System (SEDS), and were

used for most source categories (EIA, 200 8 a). However, a s documented below, a number of adjustments were made to the SEDS data, and a separate EIA data source was used for distillate oil. Year 2006 SEDS data were used to estimate 200 7 emissions because these were the latest year consumption data available at the time this work was performed in 2009

Table 2. Non

- point Source Industrial Fuel Combustion Activity Data

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC

Le vel 2 SCC Level

3 SCC Level 4 Activity Activity Data
Source

21020010

00 Stationary Source

Fuel Combustion Industri

al Anthracite
Coal Total: All

Boiler Types Thousand short tons of

coal consumed EIA’s SEDS a

21020020

00 Stationary Source

Fuel Combustion Indu stri

al Bituminous/
Sub

bituminous
Coal Total: All

Boiler Types Thousand short tons of

coal consumed EIA’s SEDS a

21020040

00 Stationary Source

Fuel Combustion Industri

al Distillate Oil Total:

Boilers and IC Engines Thousand barrels of

distillate oil consume d EIA’s Fuel Oil

and Kerosene
Sales a82

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC

Le vel 2 SCC Level

3 SCC Level 4 Activity Activity Data
Source

21020050

00 Stationary Source

Fuel Combustion Industri

al Residual Oil Total: All

Boiler Types Thousand barrels of

residual oil consumed EIA’s SEDS a

21020060

00 Stationary Source

Fuel Combustion Industri

al Natural Gas To tal:

Boilers and IC Engines Million cubic feet of

natural gas consumed EIA’s SEDS a

21020070

00 Stationary Source

Fuel Combustion Industri

al Liquefied

Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All

Boiler Types Thousand barrels of

LPG consumed EIA’s SEDS a

21020080

00 Stati onary Source

Fuel Combustion Industri

al Wood Total: All

Boiler Types Billion Btu of wood

consumed EIA’s SEDS a

21020110

00 Stationary Source

Fuel Combustion Industri

al Kerosene Total: All

Boiler Types Thousand barrels of

kerosene consumed EIA’s SEDS a

a Wit h adjustments that are described in the text of this section.

Fuel

- Specific Activity Data Adjustments

Coal

- for industrial coal combustion, it was necessary to compile data representing a sub

- set of total sector coal consumption. Data representing non

- coke plant consumption were compiled from EIA because coal consumed by coke plants is accounted for in the point source inventory. The SEDS data do not provide coal consumption estimates by type of coal (i.e., anthracite ver sus bituminous/sub

bituminous) and in some cases, CAP emission factors differ between the two. Because anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the
Commonwealth, while bituminous is mined in the western half, the emission calculations assume that eastern counties burn anth racite

coal while western counties burn bituminous coal.83

Industrial Coal Combustion :

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.3 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 0. 05 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 9 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 11 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 5.0 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year Pb Emission Factor = 0.00042 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year and bituminous coal/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 34.71 lbs/ton anthracite coal/ye ar; 91.96 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year (EPA default values for PA)

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 14.718 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 12 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 6.4224 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 1.4 lbs/ton bituminous coal/y ear
PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.0 8 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 0.0 4 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89% Bituminous Coal Sulfur Content = 2.42%

Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash Pennsylvania Industrial Coal Consumptio n = 2, 597,000 tons Number of Industrial County Employees (Allegheny County) = 41,656 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 41,656 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 8 00,57884

CO Emissions :

Distillate Oil and LPG

– the SEDS industrial sector distillate oil and LPG consumption data include consumption estimates for equi pment that EPA includes in the non

- road sector inventory. In particular, SEDS considers the following non

- road source category activities to be part of the industrial sector: farming, logging, mining, and construction. To avoid double

- counting of LPG

co nsumption, EPA ran the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) for 2006 and calculated the national volume of non

- road LPG consumption from agriculture, logging, mining, and construction source categories.

This estimate was then divided into the SEDS tota l industrial sector LPG consumption estimate to yield the proportion of total industrial sector LPG consumption attributable to the non

- road sector in that year (approximately 9 percent). To estimate the volume of industrial sector LPG consumption that s hould not be included in the non

- point source industrial fuel combustion category, EPA subtracted 9 percent from each state’s industrial sector LPG consumption estimate reported in SEDS.

To avoid double

- counting of distillate oil consumption between the non

- point and non

- road sector emission inventories, EPA relied on a source other than SEDS to estimate consumption. The approach uses more detailed distillate oil consumption estimates repor ted in

EIA’s Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales , and assumptions used in the regulatory impact analysis (RIA) for EPA’s non

- road diesel emissions rulemaking (EIA, 2008b; EPA, 2003).

Table 4 displays the assumptions that were applied to the state

- level distillate oil consumption estimates reported in Fuel Oil and

Kerosene Sal es to estimate total stationary source industrial sector consumption.85

Table 4. Assumptions Used to Estimate Industrial Sector Stationary Source Distillate Fuel Consumption

Sector Distillate Fuel Type % of Total Consumption from Stationary
Sources

I ndustrial No. 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 60

No. 2 Distillate Fuel Oil 100
No. 2 Distillate/Low and High Sulfur

Diesel 15 a

No. 4 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

Farm Diesel 0

Other Distillate Fuel Oil 100

Off

- Highway (Construction and Other) Distillate Fuel O il 5

a This value differs from the 0% assumption adopted in EPA’s non

- road diesel emissions rulemaking because it is known that some diesel fuel is used by stationary sources (a 15 percent value was selected for use as an approximate mid

- point of a potent ial range of 8 to 24% stationary source use computed from a review of data from the EIA’s Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey and Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales ).

Industrial Distillate Oil Combustion :86

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.20 lbs/ thous gal. distillate oil/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 20 lbs/ thous gal. distillate oil/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/ thous gal. distillate oil/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00126 lbs/ thous gal. distillate oil/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lbs/ thous gal. distillate oil/year Sulfur Content = 0.3%

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1 lbs/ thous gal. distillate oil

/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.25 lbs /thous gal. distillate oil

/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/ thous gal. distillate oil

/ye ar Pennsylvania Industrial Distillate Oil Consumption = 2, 521,000 barrels = 105,882 thouand gallons Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578

SO2 Emissions :87

Industrial Residual Oil Combustion :

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0.2 8 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 47 lbs/thous gal. re sidual oil/year CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.001 65 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 353.25 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year Sulfur Content = 2.25%

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 20.721 3 lbs/ thous gal. residual oil/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 13.4963 lbs/thous gal. residual oil/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1. 5 lbs/ thous gal. residual oil/year Pennsylvania Industrial Residual Oil Consumption = 1,702 ,000 barrels = 71,484 thou s and gall ons Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656

N umber of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578

PM10

- FIL Emissions :88

Industrial Natural Gas Combustion :

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/ MMCF natural gas

/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 100 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

CO Emission Factor = 84 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

Pb Emission Factor = .0005 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMCF natur al gas/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.13 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.11 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.32 lbs/MMCF natural gas/year Pennsylvania Industrial NG Consumption = 193,856 MMCF

where:

Number o

f Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578

NOx Emissions :89

Industrial LPG Gas Combustion :

wh ere:90

VOC Emission Factor = 21.91 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 398.38 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

CO Emission Factor = 501.96 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.001827 lbs/ thous bbl LPG/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 2.39 lbs/ thous b b l LPG/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.797 lbs/ thous bb l LPG/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.438 lbs/ thous bb l LPG/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.28 lbs/ thous bb l LPG/year Pennsylvania Industrial LPG Consumption = 3,923,000 bbl

Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578

CO Emissions :

Industrial Kerosene Combustion :

where:91

VOC Emission Factor = 0.19 28471 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 20.0 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00 1215 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/y ear PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.0 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.25 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/ thous gal Kerosene/year Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees =41,656 Number of P ennsylvania Industrial Employees = 800,578

SO 2 Emissions :

N on

- Fuel Use Energy Adjustment

Some industrial sector energy is consumed for non

- fuel purposes. For example, natural gas is used as a feedstock i n chemical manufacturing plants and to make nitrogenous fertilizer, and LPG is used to create intermediate products that are made into p lastics. To estimate the volume of fuel that is associated with industrial combustion, it is necessary to subtract the volume of fuel consumption

for non

- energy uses from the volume of total fuel consumption. The EPA’s State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool (SIT) provides national defaults representing the percentage of total industrial fuel consumption from non

- energy uses. These default values have an additional limitation beyond their lack of geographic detail

- they represent the EIA’s definition of the industrial sector, which includes fuel consumption from industrial, farm, mining, and construction sectors that is acco unted for in the non

- road inventory.92

Furthermore, a review of the SIT default data indicates that all residual oil is consumed as a fuel source. However, the EIA ’s 2002 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) indicates significant non

- fuel use o f residual oil in the manufacturing sector (EIA, 2007a). In discussions about this issue, EIA noted that the non

- fuel use data in the SIT appeared to be incorrect, and that the MECS data were representative of 2002 non

- fuel use (Lorenz, 2009). Given this concern, a review was conducted of the non

- fuel use assumptions incorporated into the EIA’s GHG emissions inventory for 2005 (EIA, 2007b). For each type of industrial sector en ergy consumed in 2006, Table 5 summarizes EIA’s non

- fuel use assumptions.

Ta ble 5. Non

- Fuel Use Information from EIA’s 2005 GHG Inventory

Fuel Non

- Fuel Use Assumption Asphalt and Road Oil 100% Coal (non

- coke) Yes (<100%)
Distillate Oil Yes (<100%) Feedstocks, Naphtha <401°F 100% Feedstocks, Other oils >401°F 100%

Kerosene None
LPG Yes (<100%)

Lubricants 100%

Misc. Petroleum Products 100%
Motor Gasoline None
Natural Gas Yes (<100%)

Pentanes Plus 100%
Residual Oil Yes (<100%) Special Naphthas 100%

Waxes 100%

In calculating the emission activity for industrial fuel combustion, EPA excluded all SEDS fuel types for which EIA assumes 100 percent of consumption is non

- fuel use.93

For fuel types for which non

- fuel use occurs, but is less than 100 percent, Pechan reviewed two information sources to identify the

non

- fuel us e percentage to apply in the NEI. The first source was that listed by EIA in its 2005 national GHG inventory; the second was the EIA’s 2002 MECS. The MECS data has the advantage of providing region

- specific estimates as well as values that exclude

fuel c onsumption that is already accounted for in the non

- road inventory. For distillate and residual fuel and natural gas, the EIA GHG inventory source was MECS. For LPG, it was not possible to use the EIA GHG inventory source for non

- fuel consumption as it is a proprietary source published by the American Petroleum Institute. For non

- coke coal, EIA extrapolated data from 1994.

The MECS non

- fuel consumption data treat coal that is used to produce coke as a feedstock, and therefore, MECS can not be used to

r epresent non

- coke coal consumption. T he 2002 MECS data treat “synthetic coal” that is ultimately combusted as regular coal, as a

non

- fuel (feedstock) use

. Because of the limitations of the MECS data, EPA obtained from EIA a rough estimate of the percenta ge of

non

- coking coal that is used for non

- fuel purposes (while also treating “synthetic coal” as a fuel use).

Based on the EIA’s estimate that 5

- 10 percent of non

- coke coal is used for non

- fuel purposes, EPA assumed that 7 percent of non

coke plant ind ustrial sector coal consumption is for non

- fuel purposes (Lorenz, 2009). Table 6 presents the non

- fuel use percentages that were applied to estimate industrial fuel combustion activity.

Table 6. Industrial Sector Non

- Fuel Use Estimates

Fuel % Non

- Fuel Use by Region

Source

Northeast South Midwest West

Distillate Oil 5 a 9 b 9 b 5 a 2002 MECS

LPG 41 a 98 88 41 a 2002 MECS

Natural Gas 1 15 6 41 2002 MECS

Non

- Coke
Coal 7 c 7 c 7 c 7 c Lorenz,

2009

Residual Oil 0 25 b 25 b 8 2002 MECS

a Due to withheld data, va lue represents combination of Northeast and West region data.

b Due to withheld data, value represents combination of Midwest and South region data.

c Region

- specific values not available.94

Source Energy Adjustment

Because the point source inventory also includes industrial fuel combustion categories, it is necessary to subtract point source inventory fuel use from the SEDS fuel consumption estimates. Table 7 displays a crosswalk between industrial fuel combustion non

- point SCCs and associated point SCCs that EPA plans to use in the subtraction procedure. 1 The subtractions will be performed after summing the point source throughput estimates to the state

- level.

County Allocation of State Activity Data

Year 2005 county

- level activity estimates will be d eveloped by allocating the state

- level activity resulting from the adjustments to the EIA data described above. The EPA compiled 2006 estimates of manufacturing sector employment from the Bureau of Census’ County Business Patterns 2006 for use in this pro cedure (Census, 2009). State

- level industrial fuel combustion by fuel type will be allocated to each county using the ratio of the number of manufacturing sector (NAICS codes 31

- 33) employees in each county to the total number of manufacturing sector empl oyees in the state. A separate document describes how withheld County Business Patterns employment data were estimated (Divita, 2008).

T able 7. Point Source Subtraction SCCs Relevant to Non

- point Source Industrial Fuel Combustion

SCC SCC Level 1 SC C Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

- if not specified at level 3)

2102002000

– Industrial; Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

102002xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal

10500102 External Combustion Boiler s Space Heaters Industrial (Coal)

390002xx Industrial Processes In

- Process Fuel Use Bituminous Coal

50390002 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

– Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Coal)

2102004000

– Industrial; Distillate Oil; Total: All Boilers and IC Engines

102005xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Distillate Oil

10201403 External Combustion Boilers Industrial CO Boiler (Distillate Oil)

1 As noted in a footnote to Table 7, it is important to exclude any natural gas pipeline fuel use from the point source subtrac tion procedure because SEDS includes such use in the Transporta tion sector rather than the Industrial sector.95

SCC SCC Level 1 SC C Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

- if not specified at level 3)

10500105 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Industrial (Distillate Oil)

202001xx Internal C ombustion Engines Industrial Distillate Oil (Diesel)

20200401 Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Large Bore Engine (Diesel)

20200405 Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Crankcase Blow

- by (Diesel)

20200406 Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Ev aporative Losses (Fuel Storage and Delivery System) (Diesel)

20200407 Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Exhaust (Diesel)

27000320 Internal Combustion Engines Off

- Highway Diesel Engines Industrial Equipment

30190001 Industrial Processes Chemical Man ufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30190011 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30190021 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30290001 Industrial Pr ocesses Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30390001 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30390011 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30390021 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30400406 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Lead (Distillate Oil)

30490001 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Dis tillate Oil)

30490011 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30490021 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30490031 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Prod uction Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30500208 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (Distillate Oil)

30505022 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (Distillate Oil)

30590001 Industrial Processes Mine ral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30590011 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30590021 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30600901 Industrial Processes Pe troleum Industry Flares (Distillate Oil)

30609901 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (Distillate Oil)

30790001 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30790011 Industrial Processes Pu lp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30790021 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30890001 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30890011 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30890021 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

3099 0001 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30990011 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

31000401 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters ( Distillate Oil)96

SCC SCC Level 1 SC C Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

- if not specified at level 3)

31000411 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Distillate Oil)

31390001 Industrial Processes Electrical Equipment Process Heaters (Distillate Oil)

390005xx Industrial Processes In

- Process Fuel Use Distillate Oil

3 9900501 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Process Heater/Furnace (Distillate Oil)

39990001 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Distillate Oil)

39990011 Industrial P rocesses Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Distillate Oil)

39990021 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Distillate Oil)

40201002 Petroleum and So lvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (Distillate Oil)

40290011 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

49090011 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evapo ration Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

49090021 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

50390005 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

– Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Distillate Oi l)

2102005000

– Industrial; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

102004xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Residual Oil

10201404 External Combustion Boilers Industrial CO Boiler (Residual Oil)

202005xx Internal Combustion Boilers Industrial Res idual/Crude Oil

30190002 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30190012 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30190022 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel F ired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30290002 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30390002 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30390012 Industrial Processes Primary Metal P roduction Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30390022 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490002 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490012 Industrial Pro cesses Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490022 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490032 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil )

30500207 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (Residual Oil)

30505021 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (Residual Oil)

30590002 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil )

30590012 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30600111 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

30600902 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (Residual Oil)

30609902 Industr ial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (Residual Oil)

30790002 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30790012 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30790022 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30890002 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)97

SCC SCC Level 1 SC C Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

- if not specified at level 3)

Products

30890012 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30890022 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30990002 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30990012 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

31000402 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

31000412 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

31390002 Industrial Processes Electrical Equipment Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

390004xx Industrial Processes In

- Process Fuel Use Residual Oil

39990002 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Ma nufacturing Industries (Residual Oil)

39990012 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Residual Oil)

39990022 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufactur ing Industries (Residual Oil)

40201003 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (Residual Oil)

40290012 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

49090012 Pet roleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

49090022 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

2102006000

– Industrial; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

102006xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Natural Gas

10201401 External Combustion Boilers Industrial CO Boiler (Natural Gas)

10500106 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Natural Gas)

202002xx a Inte rnal Combustion Engines Industrial Natural Gas

30190003 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30190013 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30190023 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30290003 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30291001 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30390003 Industrial Pro cesses Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30390013 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30390023 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

304004 07 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Lead (Natural Gas)

30490003 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30490013 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30490023 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30490033 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30500206 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (Natu ral Gas)

30505020 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (Natural Gas)98

SCC SCC Level 1 SC C Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

- if not specified at level 3)

30590003 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30590013 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Nat ural Gas)

30590023 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30600105 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

30600903 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (Natural Gas)

30602401 In dustrial Processes Petroleum Industry Reciprocating Engine Compressors (Natural Gas)

30609903 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (Natural Gas)

30622003 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Underground Storage and Other Remediation: S oil: Natural Gas

30622403 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Underground Storage and Other Remediation: Air Stripping: Natural Gas

30790003 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30790013 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30790023 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30890003 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30890013 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30890023 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

309900 03 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30990013 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30990023 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal Products Fuel Fired Equipment ( Natural Gas)

31000404 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

31000414 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

31390003 Industrial Processes Electrical Equipment Process Heaters (Natura l Gas)

390006xx Industrial Processes In

- process Fuel Use Natural Gas

39900601 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Process Heater/Furnace (Natural Gas)

39990003 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellan eous Manufacturing Industries (Natural Gas)

39990013 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Natural Gas)

39990023 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manuf acturing Industries (Natural Gas)

40201001 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (Natural Gas)

40290013 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

40290023 P etroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

49090013 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

49090023 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Organic So lvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

50390006 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

– Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Natural Gas)

2102007000

– Industrial; LPG; Total: All Boiler Types

102010xx External Combustion Boilers Industri al Liquefied Petroleum Gas

10500110 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Industrial (LPG)99

SCC SCC Level 1 SC C Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

- if not specified at level 3)

202010xx Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas

27300320 Internal Combustion Engines Off

- highway LPG

- fueled Engines Industrial Equipme nt

30290005 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (LPG)

30490035 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Propane)

30500209 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (LPG)

30505023 Indu strial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (LPG)

30590005 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (LPG)

30600107 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Process Heaters (LPG)

30600905 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (LPG)

30609905 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (LPG)

30890004 Industrial Processes Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (LPG)

31000406 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process H eaters (Propane/Butane)

390010xx Industrial Processes In

- process Fuel Use Liquefied Petroleum Gas

39901001 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Process Heater/Furnace (LPG)

40201004 Petroleum and Solvent Evaporation Surface Coatin g Operations Coating Oven Heater (LPG)

50390010 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (LPG)

2102008000

– Industrial; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

102009xx External Combustion Boilers Industrial Wood/Bark Waste

3 90009xx Industrial Processes In

- process Fuel Use Wood

2102011000

– Industrial; Kerosene; Total: All Boiler Types

202009xx Internal Combustion Engines Industrial Kerosene/Naphtha (Jet Fuel)

a Note that EIA’s SEDS includes natural gas used as pipeline f uel (e.g., for use in compressor engines) in the Transportation sector rather than the Industrial sector Therefore, such pipeline use should not be included in the point source subtraction procedure.



### d. Emission Factors

The EPA has compiled criteria a nd hazardous air pollutant emission factors for non

- point source industrial fuel combustion categories (Huntley, 2009). These emission factors, which are too numerous to list here, are included in a spreadsheet within the ICI f uel

combustion workbook. In most cases, these are the same emission factors that were used in preparing the 2002 non

- point source NEI (Pechan, 2006). Industrial LPG and wood combustion emission factors were obtained from an ICI fuel combustion study being performed for the Central Regional Air Planning Association (CENRAP) (Pechan, 2009a).100



### Potential Improvements

The following are potential improvements that states may wish to incorporate in developing non

- point source industrial fuel

combustion emission estimates:

 Investigate t he availability of more geographic and year

- specific estimates of non

- fuel use consumption of industrial energy (e.g., MECS is planning to release 2006 year data in the coming months);

 Consider implementing a county allocation procedure that Pechan develo ped for the Central Regional Air Planning Association (CENRAP) that reflects the energy

- intensity of each industrial sector

-- current methods only reflect number of employees in each industry sector (Pechan, 2009a); and

 Update SO 2 emission factors to refle ct coal sulfur content estimates for coal used in the industrial sector in 2006

-- a recent review of industrial coal sulfur content values for CENRAP concluded that the 2002 NEI values are based on unrepresentative data (Pechan, 2009b).



### A dditional Refer ences for Fuel Combustion

- Industrial

Census, 2009: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, County Business Patterns 2006 , Washington, DC, available

from: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/download/06_data/index.html accessed March 2009

.101

Divita, 2008: Divita, Frank, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., memorandum to Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

, “County Business Patterns Calculations ,” December 4, 2008.

EIA, 2008a: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, State Energy Data System

– Consumption, Physical
Units, 1960

- 2006, available from http://www.eia. doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html , released November 28, 2008.

EIA, 2008b: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales , data available from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821use_dcu_nus_a.htm , release date December 23, 2008.

EIA, 2007a: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, 2002 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey , U.S. Department of Energy , Energy Information Administration, accessed from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs/mecs2002/data02/shelltables.html , issued January 2007.

EIA, 2007b: Energy Information Administration, US Department of Energy, Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in

the United States 2005 , DOE/EIA

- 0638 (2005), October 2007.102

GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs)

(Stage I SCC 2501060053, Stage II Uncontrolled SCC 2501060101, St age II Controlled SCC 2501060102, Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying SCC 2501060201, Truck Transit SCC 2505030120)

Gasoline marketing involves the operations typically associated with transporting gasoline from refineries to final consumpti on in gasoline

- powered vehicles. Evaporative emissions of VOCs occur at all points in the distribution process. The operations that were inventoried as area sources are gasoline dispensing outlets and gasoline tank trucks in transit. Bulk terminals and outle ts are inventoried as point sources. VOC emissions result from the following sources: 1) Stage I (tank truck unloading into undergro und storage tanks), 2) Stage II (vehicle fueling), 3) Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying, and 4) Truck Transit.

Each category’s emission factors were obtained from AP

- 42 Fire factors 1 . T hroughput s were calculated from monthly data obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue Bureau of Motor Fuel Taxes 2

. County and state populations 3 were used to apportio n the gasoline throughput to each county. Control efficiency (CE) 4

, 5 rule penetration (RP) 4

, 5 and rule effectiveness (RE) factors were

1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources , AP

- 42, Fifth Edition, Chapter 5 : Petroleum Industry, Table 5.2

- 7., January 1995, Accessed October 2009. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch05/index.html

2 Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, “Monthly Revenue Report”, a ccessed October 2009. http://www.revenue.state.pa.us/revenue/cwp/view.asp?a=13&q=201148

3 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

4 25 Pa. Code Secti on 129.60, “ Bulk Gasoline Plants,” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.60.html

5 25 Pa. Code Section 129.61, “Small Gasoline Storage Tank Contr ol (Stage I Control),” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.61.html103

applied to Stage I for each county to reflect the appli cation of vapor balance systems. A RE factor was applied to Stage II to each regulated county. CE, RP, and RE factors were applied to Underground Storage Tank Breathing to reflect the application of pressure relief valves. There were no point sources for t his source category. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample

calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Stage I :

where:

Emission Factor = 7.3 lbs VOC/1000 gallon s State Annual Gasoline Sales = 2,36 0,855,769 gallons/yea r County Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)

State Population = 12,432,792 Control Efficiency (CE) = 96% Rule Penetration (RP) = 96% Rule Effectiveness (RE) = 80%104

Stage II :

V ehicle re fueling VOC emissions were estimated using AP

- 42 factors

, monthly gasoline sales estimates and county populations.

These are the same gasoline sales figures that are used to estimate Stage I emissions.

Stage II control program information was included for the coun ties with controls based on program information regarding control efficiency from Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania counties with Stage II controls are Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Bucks, Butle r, Chester, Delaware, Fayette, Montgomery, Philadelphia, Washingt on, and Westmoreland

.

Population data were used to allocate monthly Pennsylvania gasoline sales to each county.

Stage I I C ontrolled :

where:

Emission Factor = 1 .1 lb / 1000 gallon s State Gasoline Consumption = 2,360,855,769 gallon s 2007 Allegheny County Pop = 1,219,210 2007 State Population = 12,432,792105

Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying :

where: Emission Factor = 1.0 lbs VOC/1000 gallons

2007 State Gasoline Sales = 2,360,855,769 gallons/year County Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)

State Population = 12,432,792 Control Efficiency (CE) = 90% Rule Penetration (RP) = 96% Rule Effectiveness (RE) = 80%106

Truck Transit :

where: Emission Factor = 0.06 lbs VOC/1000 gallons

State Annual Gasoline Sales = 2,360,855,769 gallons/year County Pop = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County)

State Pop = 12,432,792

(The emission factor is based on the assumption that gasoline delivery is via single trips and accounts for both full and empty truck travel.)107

G RAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000)

The graphic arts industry can be divided by technology into six different printing segments: roto gravure, flexographic, offset lithographic, letterpress, screen, and plateless (xerographic,electrostatic, magnetic, thermal, ink

- jet, etc.). Graphic arts include operations that are involved in the printing of publications, such as newspapers, magazines, books, and advertising, and also printed packaging on various substrates such as paper, plastic, foil bags, wrappers, cardboard cartons, and metal cans. Paper can be coated or uncoated. Films include polyethylene and a number of other polymers. Other produ cts include wall and floor coverings, greeting cards, and paper towels. Textiles are specifically excluded from the graphic arts operations source category.

Emissions of VOCs result from evaporation of solvents used in inks and cleaning. The emissions for each county were calculated using a per capita emission factor 1 and U.S. Census Bureau population data 2 . Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted

from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population)

where:

Emission Factor = 4.4 lbs VOC/person/year 3

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County) 2

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project, revised August 14, 2009, acces sed October 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.108

HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS (SCC 2460200000)

Household products consist primarily of cleaning products for hard surfaces, clothing, carpet, dishes waxes and polishes. Other products include air fresheners and charcoal lighter fluids. These products have air emissions such as special napthas, alcoh ols, carbonyls and other organics that contain VOCs. The amo unt of VOCs emitted primarily depends on the VOC content of the product and the amount of product used.

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP ) 1 an d U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data 2

. The emission factor represents pre

- control emission rates. A CE of 10.94 percent 3 and an RP of 48.6 percent 4 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources asso ciated with this category.

Each county’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html , accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

3 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Develo pment Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules

, prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.109

where:

Emission Factor = 0.79 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County ) 1

Control Efficiency = 10.94% RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% 4

RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%110

INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE COATINGS (SCC 2401100000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of solvents from surface coating of objects and mater ials that may exist in extreme conditions. There were no point sources. The emissions for each county were calculated using a pe r capita

emission factor 1 and U.S. Census Bureau population data 2 . Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following s ample

calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 0. 15 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 people (Allegheny County) 2

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bure au of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01 .html , accessed March 2009.111

M ACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the coating process in manufac turing facilities of such as engines, turbines, farm and garden equipment, computers, and office machinery. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employment

- based emission factor 1 and employee data 2 from NAICS Codes 333 1XX, 3332XX, 3333XX and

33341XX obtained from County Business Pattern

, with midpoin ts calculated by E.H. Pechan and Associates. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from the Machinery and Equipment category emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 109 lbs VOC /employee/year 1

Employees = 1,119 employees (Allegheny County) 2

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 18, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.112113

MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000)

This source category includes ship and boat building and repairing. The emissions were calculated using an employment

- based

emission factor 1 an d employee data from NAICS codes 3366XX and 488390 . The number of employees in each county for 200 6 was collec ted by E.H. Pechan and Associates, who calculated the midpoints from any given ranges 2

. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations below. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emis sion

estimate s.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 198 lbs VOC /employee/year Employees = 5 employees (Allegheny County)

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed October, 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midp oint and adjustment factor

.114115

METAL CA NS (SCC 2401040000)

This source category includes the manufacturing of metal cans, barrels, drums, kegs, and pails. The emissions from point sour ces, where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding county. The emissions for each c ounty were calculated per the calculation below using an employment

- based emission factor 1 an d employee data from NAICS Code 332431, obtained from County

Business Pattern s 2

. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimat es.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 2,326 lbs VOC/employee/yea r 1

Employees = 10 employees (Allegheny County ) 2

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.116117

METAL FURNITURE (SCC 2401025000)

This source category includes manufacturing metal household and office furniture, such as beds, cabinets, desks, bookcases, a nd

chairs. The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission factor 1

and employee data for NAICS codes 337124, 337214, and half of NAICS codes 337127, 339111 and 337215. The number of

e mployees in each county for 2007 was obt ained from County Business Patterns 2 for year 2006 by E. H. Pechan and Associates , who performed calculations for midpoints and adjustment factors for any ranges that were obtained . Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emissio n estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 772 lbs VOC /employee/year Employees = 102 employees (Allegheny County)

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment

mi dpoint and adjustment factor

.118

METAL SHEETS, STRIPS

, COILS (SCC 24 01045000)

This source category includes the manufacturing of metal sheets, strips and coils , of which functional coatings may be added for protective purposes. This can be accomplished by brushing, rolling, spraying, dipping, flow coating, electro

- coati ng, or specialized combinations or variations of these methods. Emissions result from the evaporation of the paint solvent and any additional s olvent

used to thin the coating and from the use of solvents in cleaning the surface prior to coating and in cle aning coating equipment after use.

Emissions for each county were calculated per the calculation below using an employment

- based emission factor 1 and employee data

from NAICS Codes 339911, 339914, 332812 and 339912 . The number of employees in each coun ty for 2006 was obtained from County Business Pattern s 2 by E. H. Pechan and Associates , who also performed the calculations of midpoints and adjustment factors

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Ser ies, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 8,

Industri al Surface Coating,” Table 8.5

- 1

, Principal Industrial Surface Coating SIC, September 1997, acce ssed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.119

fro m any associated ranges obtained

. The emissions from point sources, where present, were subt racted from the emissions of the corresponding county.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 2,877 lbs VOC/employee/year 1

Employees = 514 emp loyees ( Allegheny County) 2120

MI SCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090000)

This source category includes small industrial surface coating establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing product s not classified in any other group such as jewelry, silverware, musical instruments, dolls, toys, games, pens, pencils, buttons, b rooms, and caskets. Operations involve applying a thin layer of coating, such as paint, lacquer, enamel and varnish, to an ob ject for decorative purposes. The surface coating products are either water

- based or solvent based liquid carriers that mostly evaporate in the drying or curing process.

The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using a per capita emission factor 1 and U.S. Census Bureau population data 2 . Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emiss ions = (Emission Factor)( Population)

w here: Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs VOC/person/year Population =1,219,210 (Allegheny County)

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 8, Industrial Surface Coating,” Table 8.5

- 2, National Default Per Capita V OC Emission Factors, September 1997, accessed March 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.121122

MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS (NOT OTHERWISE COVERED) (SCC 2460900000)

Miscellaneous consumer products not covered in the other product groups include arts and crafts supplies, non

- pesticidal veterinary and pet products, and pressurized food produc ts.

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory

I mprovement Program (EIIP) 1 and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data 2 . A CE of 0 percent 3 and an RP of 48.6 percen t 4

were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each co unty’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5,

Consumer a nd Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/ch ief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html , accessed March 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

3 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules

, prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.123

Emission Factor = 0.07 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 (Allegheny County) 2

Control Efficiency = 0% 3

RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% 4

RE (Rule Effectiveness ) = 100%124

OPEN BURNING (3 CCs)

( Residential Household Waste SCC 2610030000; Residential Yard Waste

– Leaves, SCC 2610000100; Residential Yard Waste

- Brush SCC 2610000400)

Open burning can be done in open drums o r baskets, in fields and yards, and in large open dumps or pits. Materials commonly disposed of in this manner include household waste, landscape refuse, agricultural field refuse, wood refuse, and leaves. For emission inventory purposes, Open Burning is d ivided into four categories: Residential Household Waste ; Resi dential Leaf; Residential Brush ; Land C learing.

County

- level emissions were calculated for Residential Household Waste using a n emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory I mprovement Program (EIIP) 1 an d U.S. Bureau of the Census 2000 2 and 2007 3 population data. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Throughput data was obtained from the percent Rural 2000 county population numbers applied to the 2007 coun ty populations

. The average household size 4 was considered to be 2.5 residents and the average amount of waste produced per household 4 was considered

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 16, Open Burning,” Table 16.4

- 1, Emission Factors for Open Burning of Municipal Refuse (EPA, 1997 & EPA,1995a) available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/ chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html , accessed December 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2000 Census Data, http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/Down loadCenterServlet

3 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009

4 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 16, Open Burning,” Example 16.4

- 1, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html , accessed December 2009.125

to be 5.37 lbs/day or 1960.05 lbs/year or 0.9800 tpy

. The loading factor 4 was 6.7% to reflect the percent of rural households who actually burn their household trash.

For counties with areas labeled as Air Basins it was assumed that no open burning of household waste was being accomplished and

therefor e no emissions were calculated

.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential Household Waste Burning :

VOC Emission Factor = 8.560 lbs / ton waste/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 6 lbs / ton waste/year

CO Emission Factor = 85 lb / ton waste/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 1. 0 lbs / ton waste/year PM10 Emission Factor = 38.0 lbs/ton waste/year

PM2.5 Emi ssion Factor = 34.8 lbs / ton waste/year

CO Emission Factor = 85 .0 lbs / ton waste/year Loading Factor = 0.067 tons waste/2.5 person household

Rural Households = 24,109 (Adams Coun ty

– this is non

- air basin county) CE (Control Efficiency) = 0 % RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80% (reflects PA’s Solid Waste rules)126

VOC Emission s for Adams County:

Yard Wastes

Yard waste burning is th e open burning of materials such as grass clippings, leaves, and trimmings from trees and shrubs. Yard waste burning takes plac e where the waste is generated ( i.e., residences

, parks, institutions such a s universities or hospitals, office complexes

or oth er areas where grounds maintenance generates this type of waste) or waste disposal sites where wastes have been collected. Many municipalities, who provide leaf removal and composting, prohibit or restrict the burning of yard wastes.

County

- level emiss ions were calculated for the Open Burning categories of Residential Yard Waste

- Leaves and Residential Yard

Waste

- Brush using emission factor s obtained from AP

- 42 factors 1 , 1995

.

Throughput data was obtained by applying the percent Rural 2000 county p opulation 2 to the 2007 county populations 3 . The average

amount of leaf waste produced per person 1 was considered to be 0.64 lbs/day or 0.00728 tpy calculated for the months of September,

1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources , AP

- 42, Fifth Edition, January 1995.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2000 Census Data, http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DownloadCenterServlet

3 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009127

October and November

. The loading factor 2 of 28 % was applied to refle ct the percent of rural population who actually burn their yard

lea f waste . For counties with areas labeled as Air Basins it was assumed that no open burning of household waste was being accomplished and therefore no emissions were calculated.

Leaf Open B urning :

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 28 lbs/ ton waste/year

NO

x Emission Factor = 6 .2 lb s/ ton waste/year

CO Emission Factor = 112 lbs / ton waste/year

SO2 Emission Factor = 0.76 lbs / ton waste/year

PM2.5 Emission Factor = 22 lbs / ton waste/year

PM10 Emissio n Factor = 22 lbs / ton waste/year Average amount Leaf Waste/person = 0.64 lbs/day or 58.24 lbs/person for ( Sept. Oct. Nov.) Yard Waste Average Composition = 50% grass/ 25% brush/25% leaves Average Leaf Waste per person = 14.56 lbs or 0.00728 tpy Loading F

actor = 0.28 to ns waste/person Population = 94,437 people (Adams County

– this is a non

- air basin county) CE (Control Efficiency) = 0 % RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80%

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 16, Open Burning,” 4.1.3 Yard Wastes, example (16.4

- 5) available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html

, accessed December

2009.

2 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed December 2009.128

Leaf Open Burning; Example PM10 Calculati o n for Adams County :



### Additional References for Open Burning:

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Open Burning in Residential Areas, Emissions Inventory Development Report,” prepared for Mid

Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, January 3 1, 2004.

Pennsylvania Code, Section 25, Chapter 129.14 , available at http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.14.html129

O THER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATINGS (SCC 24012 00000)

This category includes special purpose coatings used for applications such as maintenance operations at industrial and other facilities, auto refinishing, traffic paints, marine finishes, and aerosol sprays. Note that this category covers those sp ecific coating processes not already included in other source categories (e.g., Industrial Maintenance Coatings). Emissions for this category were estimat ed using a per capita emission factor 1 and U.S. Bureau of the Census population data 2 . Each county’s e missions were calculated per the following sample calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 0. 0 0 7 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population 1,219,210 (Allegheny County) 2

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed August 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.130131

PAPER, FOIL AND FILM (SCC 2401030000)

This source category includes the manufacturing of paper
, foil and film. The emissions from point sources, where present, were

subtracted from the e missions of the corresponding county. Emissions for each county were calculated per the calculation below using an employment

- based emission factor 1 and employee data from NAICS Codes 322221, 322222, 322223, 322225 and 322226

. The number of employees in e ach county for 200 6 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 by E. H. Pechan and Associates , who also performed the calculations of midpoints and adjustment factors fro m any associated ranges.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (E mission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 735 lbs VOC/employee/year Employees = 862 employees ( York County)

1 ERTAC Area Invento ry Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed September 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and mid points of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.132133

P ERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS (SCC 2460100000)

Personal care products include hair ca re products, deodorants and antiperspirants, perfumes, colognes, and nail care products. Ethanol and isopropanol are the primary solvents used in the formulation of these products. Each county’s emissions were calculated using a per capita emission facto r 1 which was obtained from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2007 population data 2 . A c ontrol efficiency of 12.11% 3 and a rule penetration of 48.6% 4 are applied in the 2007 inventory to

reflect the Federal Rul e for consumer products . There are no point sources associated with this category.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 2.32 lbs VOC/person/year 1

Population = 1,219,210 (All egheny County) 1

1 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5,

Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techr eport/volume03/index.html , accessed March 2009

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

3 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009, accessed June 2009.

4 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc

., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules

, prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.134

Control Efficiency = 12.11% 3

RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% 4

RE (Rule Effectivene ss) = 100%135

PORTABLE FUEL CONTAINERS

– GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION (10 SCCs)

The following SCC (2501011011, 2501011012, 2501011013, 2501011014, 2501011015, 2501012011, 2501012012, 2501012013,
2501012014, 25 010 12015) categ or y’s emissions were calculated by E.H. Pechan and Associates. The following documentation was prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates:

1. GASOLINE DISTRI BUTION

– PORTABLE FUEL CONTAINERS

Portable fuel containers (PFCs, or gas cans) are consumer product s used to refuel a wide variety of gasoline

- powered equipment.

The general approach to calculating emissions for this SCC is to take the inventories already prepared by the EPA for 2002 and 2010 and apply a linear fit between to get 2008 emissions.

For this source category, the following SCCs were assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2501011011 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans Permeation

2501011012 Storage and Tran sport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans Evaporation (includes Diurnal losses)

2501011013 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans Spillage During Transport

2501011014 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans Refilling at the Pump

- Vapor Displacement

2501011015 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Residential Portable Gas Cans Refilling at the Pump

- Spillage

2501012011 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Commercial Portable Gas

Cans Permeation136

2501012012 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Commercial Portable Gas

Cans Evaporation (includes D iurnal losses)

2501012013 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Commercial Portable Gas

Cans Spillage During Transport

2501012014 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Commercial Portable Gas

Cans Refilling at the Pump

- Vapor Displacement

2501012015 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Commercial Portable Gas

Cans Refilling at the Pump

- Spillage

Activity data for the 2002 and 2010 inventories were developed using EPA’s Non

- road Model which uses a variety of variables like equipment size, equipment population, equipment age, RVP, and air temperature to estimate activity.

There are at least 15 states which have enacted or are considering rules for PFCs. Due to the complexities i n calculating emissions, these rules have already been accounted for in the emissions, but will not be listed in the control table.

Section 2.2 of the EPA PFC report details emission factors used for each of the activities associated with PFCs.

Emissio ns are calculated in the formula :

Emis County, Pollutant = m x year diff + Emis 2002

w here :

m = (Emis 2010

– Emis 2002 ) / (2010

– 2002)137

Example:

Using SCC 2501011011 in Allegheny County PA as an example:

Emis 2010 = 60. 7 tons VOC

Emis 2002 = 181.7 ton s VOC

m = (60.7

– 181.7) / (2010

– 2002) =

- 15.125

Emis Alegheny

, VOC =

- 15.125 x (2008

- 2002) + 181.7

= 90

. 95 t ons V O C

Reference: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

. Estimating Emissions Associated with Portable Fuel Containers (PFCs)

. Ann Arbor Michigan. February 2007

.138

PUBLIC OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (SCC: 2630020000)

Public Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) are wastewater treatment plants typically owned by municipalities in Pennsylvania

. Year

2007 POTW flow rate data for Pennsylvania fac ilities was extrapolated by E.H. Pechan and Associates from EPA national projections 1 and allocated to county

- level by population 2

. VOC Emission Factor based on a TriTAC study 3 per E.H. Pechan and

Associates.

SAMPLE VOC CALCULATIONS:

2007 County Waste water Flow = (Nat. Wastewater Flow)(County Population/Nat. Population)

where:

2007 National Wastewater Flow = 13,423,66 0 million gallons 1

2007 County Population (Allegheny) = 1,219,210 4

2007 National Population = 301,2 90,332 5

1 Projected national POTW flow rates from EPA

2 National flow rate allocated to county

- level by population , by E.H. Pechan and Associates.

3 VOC Emission Factor based on a TriTAC study. Prakasam Tata, Jay Witherspoon, Cecil Lue

- Hing (eds.), VOC Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants: Characterization, Control, and Compliance , Lewis Publishers, 2003, p. 2 61

.

4 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates Program ,” T1. Population Estimates [10] data Set: 2007 Population Estimates, available from http://www. census.gov/popest/counties/CO

- EST2007

- 01.html , accessed March 2009.

5 2007 US population found at U.S. Census Bureau, http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&

- geo_id=01000US&

- _box_head_nbr=GCT

- T1

- R&

- ds_name=PEP_2008_EST&

- _lang=en&

- format=US

- 40S&

- _sse=on139

SAMPLE VOC CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 0.85 lbs VOC/millions of gallons flow 3

Wastew ate r Flo w = 54,320.5632 million gallons (Allegheny County) 2140

RAILROAD SOLVENTS (SCC 2401085000)

This source category includes Railcar building and repairing. The emissions were calculated using an employment

- based emission

factor 1 and employee data from NAICS code 336 5 XX. The number of employees in each county for 2006 was collected by E.H. Pechan and Associates, who calculated the midpoints from any given ranges 2 . Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations below. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 222 lbs VOC /employee/year Employees = 172 2.89 employees ( Allegheny County)

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, ac cessed October 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data u sing the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.141142

RESIDENTIAL COAL FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION (2 SCCs: SCC 2104001000, SCC 2104002000)

Residential Coal Combustion is coal that is burned to heat residential housing.

These documentatio n and fuel combustion emissions were calculated by E. H. Pechan and Associates. References are listed at the end

of the Residential Coal Fossil Fuel Combustion section. The general approach to calculating emissions for these two SCCs is to take

state coa l c onsumption values from the EIA and allocate it to the county level using methods described below. County

- level coal consumption is multiplied by the emission factors to calculate emissions.

For this source category, the following SCCs were assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2104001000 Stationary

Source Fuel
Combustion Residential Anthracite Coal All Boiler Types

2104002000 Stationary

Source Fuel

Combustion Residential Bituminous/
Subbituminous

Coal All Boiler

Types

A ctivity Data

The mass of coal consumed by residential combustion in the U.S. was used to estimate emissions. Coal consumption by energy u se sector is presented in State Energy Data 2006 Consumption tables published by the Energy Information Administratio n (EIA). 1 Year 2006 consumption data were used as a surrogate for 200 7 emissions because year 2006 data were the latest data available when this inventory was prepared.

Fuel

- Specific Activity Data Adjustments

Coal

- for residential coal combustion, t he E IA data do not distinguish between anthracite and bituminous coal consumption estimates. (i.e., anthracite ver sus bituminous/sub

- bituminous) Because anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the Commonwealth, while143

bituminous is mined in the western half , the emission calculations assume that eastern counties burn anthracite coal while western

counties burn bituminous coal.

State

- level coal consumption was allocated to each county using the US Census Bureau’s 2000 Census Detailed Housing

Information. 3 Th ese data include the number of housing units using a specific type of fuel for residential heating. State coal consumption was allocated to each county using the ratio of the number of houses burning coal in each Anthracite or Bituminous coal

burning count y to the total number of Anthracite or Bituminous coal

- burning housing units in the State.

No controls were assumed for this category

Emission Factors

In some cases (see Table 2), SO 2 and PM emission factors required information on the sulfur and/or ash content of the coal burned.

State

- specific sulfur and ash contents of anthracite and bituminous coal were obtained from data compiled in preparing the 1999

residential coal combustion emissions estimates. 4 This study mostly relied on data obtained from U SGS COALQUAL database. States not included in the database but that reported coal usage were assigned values based on their proximity to coal seams or using an average value for Pennsylvania (see report for details of the analysis).

Table 3 presents th e bituminous coal sulfur content values used for each state. For anthracite coal, an ash content value of 13.38% and a sulfur content of 0.89% were applied to Pennsylvania.

The remaining criteria pollutant and HAP emissions were calculated by multiplying the total coal consumed in each county per year by an emission factor. All emission factors except ammonia are from AP

- 42. 5 Table 4 presents a summary of the emission factors for residential anthracite coal combustion (SCC 2104001000). Table 5 present s a summary of the emission factors for residential bituminous coal combustion (SCC 2104002000).

Sample Calculations

Annual emissions are calculated for each county using emission factors and activity as:

E x,p = FC

x × EF

x,p144

where:

E

x,p = annual emissi ons for fuel type x and pollutant p ( lbs /year),

FC

x = annual fuel consumption for fuel type x,

EF x,p = emission factor for fuel type x and pollutant p.

County level fuel consumption is calculated using:

FC

x = A State x Ratio County houses

where:

A Sta te = total tons of coal reported by the EIA,

Ratio County houses = county allocation ratio ba sed on number of houses burning coal per Anthracite coal

- burning count ies or per Bituminous coal

- burning counties

.

Example:

Using Allegheny County, PA as an ex ample:

Allegheny County, PA , labeled a Bituminous coal

- burning county, had 183 houses out of the state total of 19,921 Bituminous coal

burning house s that use coal as the primary heating fuel. This equates to a share of 0.9186 % of the 9,687.54 tons of co al used for residential heating in the sta te.

The emission factor for PM 2.5 - FIL Bituminous (See Table 2 ) is 3.8 lb/ton of coal burnt

FC Allegheny, anth = 9,687.54 × 0 .9186% = 88. 9897 tons Bituminous coal

Emis Allegheny, anth, PM2.5

- FIL = 88.9897 tons Bi tuminous coal × 3.8 lbs PM 2.5 - FIL per ton coal

= 338.1610 lbs PM 2.5 - FIL145

Table 2. SO 2 and PM Emission Factors for Industrial Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Combustion

Pollutant Emission Factor

(lb/ton) AP

- 42 Table

Anthracite Emission Factors (SCC 2104 001000)

PM

- CON 0.08* % Ash 1.2

- 3

PM10

- FIL 10 1.2

- 4

PM25

- FIL 0.6 * % Ash 1.2

- 4

Sulfur Dioxide 39 * % Sulfur 1.2

- 1

Bituminous Emission Factors (SCC 2104002000)

PM

- CON .04 1.1

- 5

PM10

- FIL 6.2 1.1

- 9

PM25

- FIL 3.8 1.1

- 9

Sulfur Dioxide 31 * % Sulfur 1.1

- 3

NOTE: PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and condensable PM emission factors for bituminous coal do not require ash content, nor does the

condensable PM emission factor for anthracite coal.146

Table 3. State

- Specific Sulfur Content for Bituminous Coal (SCC 2104002000)

State Percent

Sulfur
Content State Percent
Sulfur
Content

Alabama 2.08 Montana 0.60

Alaska 0.31 Nebraska 2.43 Arizona 0.47 Nevada 2.30 Arkansas 1.20 New Hampshire 2.42 California 0.47 New Jersey 2.42 Colorado 0.61 New Mexico 0.75 C onnecticut 2.42 New York 2.42 Delaware 1.67 North Carolina 1.62 District of
Columbia 1.67 North Dakota 0.97

Florida 1.28 Ohio 3.45 Georgia 1.28 Oklahoma 3.08 Hawaii 1.00 Oregon 0.50 Idaho 0.31 Pennsylvania 2.42 Illinois 3.48 Rhode Island 2.42 India na 2.49 South
Carolina 1.28 Iowa 4.64 South Dakota 0.97 Kansas 5.83 Tennessee 1.62 Kentucky 1.93 Texas 1.14 Louisiana 0.86 Utah 0.80 Maine 2.42 Vermont 2.42 Maryland 1.67 Virginia 1.19 Massachusetts 2.42 Washington 0.50 Michigan 1.20 West Virginia 1.25 Minnesota 0.97 Wisconsin 1.00 Mississippi 1.24 Wyoming 0.87 Missouri 3.39147

Table 4. National Criteria Emission Factors for Residential Coal Combustion (SCC 2104001000 and 2104002000)

7439921 LEAD 0.00042 LB TON

CO CARBON MONOXIDE 275 LB TO N

NOX NITROGEN OXIDES /Anthracite 3 LB TON

VOC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 10 LB TON

NOX NITROGEN OXIDES /Bituminous 9.1 LB TON

References

1. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). State Energy Data 2006 Consumption. Washington, DC 2008. Internet Address: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/total/csv/use_all_phy.csv accessed November 2008.

2. EIA, 2008. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by

Dest ination State, Consumer, Origin and Method of Transportation”, 2006. Available from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/coaldistrib/coal_distributions.html, accessed December 2008.

3. U.S. Census Bureau. "Table H40. House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3. Internet address: http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMainPageServlet?_program=DEC&_submenuId=&_lang=en&_ts=, accessed July

2009.148

4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factor and Inventory Group. Final Summar y of the Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from Residential Fuel Combustion. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov /ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/draft1999_ residfuel_inven_apr2003.zip accessed November 2004.

5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition, AP

- 42, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1996.

6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factor and Inventory Group. Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Report. Prepared by E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. Research T riangle Park, NC. September

2003.149

RESIDENTIAL FUEL OIL/KEROSENE COMBUSTION (2 SCCs: SCC 2104004000, SCC 2104011000)

Distillate oil and kerosene combustion sources emit VOC, NO

x , CO, SO 2 , Pb, and PM

. Fuel oil and kerosene emissions were calculated for each county using fuel use estimates derived by allocating Commonwealth consumption estimates from the Energy

Information Administration to individual counties . The county allocations were performed using data obtained from the American

Comm unity Survey and the U.S. Census Bureau.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential Distillate Fuel Oil/Kerosene :

Residential fuel oil and kerosene usage was determined by allocating the residential fuel oil and kerosene use to each county. The

residentia l fuel consumption was allocated by the ratio of dwelling units (DU) using distillate fuel oil/kerosene in a county to the number of dwelling units burning distillate fuel oil/ kerosene in the Commonwealth. The following is the general equation for the

calc ulation of usage for residential sources of fuel oil and kerosene combustion.

where:

PA Residential Fuel Oil = 7 0 6, 956 thousand gallons 1

2007 County Fuel Oi/Kerosene Burning DUs = 6916 Dwelling Units (Allegheny County) 2

2007 State Fuel Oil/Kerosene

- Burning DUs = 1,118,774 Dwelling Units 1

1 Energy Information Administration, Pennsylvania Sales of Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene by End Use, http://tonto.eia.d oe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821use_dcu_SPA_a.htm

, accessed May 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005

- 2007 American Community Survey 3

- year Estimates, accessed May 2009.150

VOC Emissions :

where:

Distillate Fuel Oil:

VOC Emission Factor = 0. 7 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

NO

x Emission Factor = 18 lbs/1000 gallons/yea r 1

CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

SO 2 Emission Factor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year  0.3% sulfur content = 0.426 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

PM10

- FIL Emission Fa ctor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

Lead Emission Factor = 0.001268 lbs/1000 gallons /year 3

Distillate Fuel Sulfur Content = 0.3% 4

1 VOC, NOx, CO and SO2 emission factor s are from WEBFIRE (3//19/09).

2 PM emission factors are from US EPA Document

- A National Methodology and Emission Inventory for Residential Fuel Combustion by Bernd H. Haneke presented at 2003 EPA EI conference. These emi ssion factors are primarily from AP

- 42

.

3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factors and Inventory Group. “Documentation for the 1999 Base Year Non

- point Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants.” Prepared by East ern Research Group, Inc. Morrisville, NC. September 2002.

4 AP

- 42151

VOC Emissions for Distillate Oil :

Where:

Kerosene:

VOC Emission Factor = 0. 672 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

NO

x Emission Factor = 17.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

CO Emission Factor = 4.8 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

SO 2 Emission Factor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year  0.3% sulfur content = 0.426 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1 .03 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.8 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

1 E mission factors for kerosene were obtained by multiplying the emission factors for distillate oil by a factor of 135/140 to convert

them for this use. This factor is based on the rati o of the heat content of kerosene (135,000 Btu/gallon) to the heat content of distillate oil (140,000 Btu/gallon). Criteria pollutant emission factors are from AP

- 42. Distillate sulfur content (0.30%) was used for kerosene

as well

.152

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1. 25 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

Lead Emission Factor = 0.001268 lbs/1000 gallons/year 1

Distillate Fuel Sulfur Content = 0.3% 1

2007 PA Residential Kerosene Usage = 39,702 ,000 gallons 1

County Dwelling Units Heating with Distillate Oil or Kerosen e = 6916 (Allegheny County) 2

2007 State Fuel Oil/Kerosene

- Burning DUs = 1,118,774 Dwelling Units 1

CO Emissions for Kerosene :

Since the 2005

- 2007 American C ommunity Survey did not include the six small populated counties in Pennsylvania (namely Cameron, Forest, Fulton, Montour, Potter and Sullivan counties) in their estimations of Occu pied House Heating Fuel Units, t hese omissions were accounted for by taking the ratio of 2005

- 7 Averaged Total County Fuel Oil /Kerosene H eated Housing Units (not including the 6 Small Counties) to the 2007 Total State Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties' Housing Units) and by that percent find the 6 Small County Fuel Oil /Ke rosene Heat ed Housing Units (HU). The following is the general equation for the

calculation of the 6 Small County Fuel Oil /Kerosene Heat ed Housing Units.

1 Energy Information Administration, Pennsylvania Sales of Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene by End Use, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821use_dcu_SPA_a.htm

, accessed May 2009.153

where:

PA Total Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties) = 5,430,234 1

Pa Total Fuel

- Oil/Kerosen e

- Burning DUs (not including the 6 Small Counties) = 1,109,046 2

County (Cameron) Total Housing Units= 4,592 1

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Housing Unit Estimates, Data Set 2007 Population Estimates, Note: For information on errors stemming from model error, sampling error, and non

- sampling error, see: http://www.census.gov/popest/topics/methodology , accessed May 2009.

2 U.S. Dep artment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005

- 2007 American Community Survey 3

- year Estimates, accesse d May 2009.154

RESIDENTIAL L IQUIFIED P ETROLEUM G AS (LPG) (SCC 2104007000 )

Liquefied petroleu m gas (LPG) is used in residential heating. Area source LPG was estimated using fuel consumption data and AP

- 42 emission factors. Consumption data were apportioned according to the number of dwelling units heating with LPG, which was

availab le from U.S. Ce nsus Bureau data. LPG consumption was obtained from the Energy Information Administration’s State Energy

Data 2001. 1 Each county’s emissions were estimated using the sample calculations below.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Residential LPG for Allegheny Co. :

where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.52 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

NO

x Emission Factor = 13.40 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

CO Emission Factor = 3.80 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.06 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

1 Energy Information Administration (eia), State Energy Data System (SEDS) 2007, released March 2009, accessed May 2009, found

at 'http://www.eia.doe.gov/states/_seds_whats_new.html

.

2 Base d o n AP

- 42 nat ural gas emission factors, converted t o LPG using heat contents. ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project

, revised August 14, 2009, accessed August, 2009.155

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.02 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.01 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.03 lbs/1000 gallons/year 2

Residential LPG Consumption = 222,936,000 gallons 1

County Dwelling Units Heating with LPG = 5318 units (Allegheny County) 1

PA Dwelling Units Heating with LPG = 178,821 units ( plus prorated values for 6 smaller counties, see below for calculation) 1

VOC Emissions :

CO Emissions :

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005

- 2007 American Community S urvey 3

- year Estimates, accessed May 2009.156

Since the 2005

- 2007 American Community Survey did not include the six small populated counties in Pennsylvania (namely
Cameron, Forest, Fulton, Montour, Potter and Sulli van counties) in their estimations of Occupied House Heating Fuel Units, these omissions were accounted for by taking the ratio of 2005

- 7 Averaged Total County LPG Heated Housing Units (not including the 6 Small Counties) to the 2007 Total State Housing Un its (minus the 6 Small Counties' Housing Units) and by that percent find the 6 Small County LPG Heated Housing Units (HU). The following is the general equation for the calculation of the 6 Small County L PG Heated Housing Units.

where: PA Total Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties) = 5,430,234 1

Pa Total LPG

- Burning DUs (not including the 6 Small Counties) = 178,821 2

County (Cameron) Total Housing Units= 4,592 1

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Housing Unit Estimates, Data Set 2007 Population Estimates, Note: For information on errors stemming from model error, sampling error, and non

- sampling error, see: http://www.census.gov/popest/topics/methodology , accessed May 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005

- 2007 American Community Survey 3

- year Estimates, accessed May 2009.157

R ESIDENTIAL NATURAL GAS (SCC 2104006000)

Area source natural gas was estimated using fuel consumption data 1 and AP

- 42 emission factors 2 and adjusted PM emission factors 3

. Consumption data were apportioned according to the number of dwelling units heating with natural gas, which was available from U.S. Census Bureau data for residential sources). Each county’s emissions were estimated using the sample calculations below.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Natural Gas :

Residential Natural Gas :

1 Energy Information Administration

, Pennsylvania Natural Gas Residential Consumption (MMCF),

see: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/n3010us2m.htm

, accessed May 2009

.

2 VOC (TOC*.95), NOx, CO and SO2 efs are from WEBFIRE (3//19/09).

3 PM emission factors were adjusted lower than the 2002 NEI to account for lower estimates for co ndensable emissions. ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed August, 2009.158

where:

VOC Emi ssion Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMCF (million cubic feet)/year 2

NO

x Emission Factor = 94 lbs/MMCF/year 2

CO Emission Factor = 40 lbs/MMCF/year 2

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMCF/ year 2

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 0. 2 lbs/MMCF/year 3

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0. 11 lbs/MMCF/year 3

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.32 lbs/MMCF/year 3

Pb Emission Factor = 0.0005 lbs/MMCF/year 2

where:

2007 PA Residential Natural Gas Consumption = 231,258 MMCF 1

County Dwelling Units Heating with Natural Gas = 455,921(Allegheny County) 2

State Dwelling Units Heating wit h Natural Gas = 2,516,263 Units 2

VOC Emissions :

1 Energy Information Administration

, Pennsylvania Natural Gas Residential Consumption (MMCF),

see: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/n3010us2m.htm

, accessed May 2009

.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housing Units, 2005

- 2007

A merican Community Survey 3

- year Estimates, accessed May 2009.1 59

Since the 2005

- 2007 American Community Survey did not include the six small populated counties in Pennsylvania (namely
Cameron, Forest, Fulton, Montour, Potter and Sullivan counties) in their estimations of Occu pied Natural Gas Heating Dwelling
Units, t hese omissions were accounted for by taking the ratio of 2005

- 7 Averaged Total County Natural Gas H eated Dwelling Units (not including the 6 Small Counties) to the 2007 Total State Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties' Housing Units) and by that percent find the 6 Small County Natural Gas Heat ed Housing Units (HU). The following is the general equation for the calculation of

the 6 Small County N atural Gas Heat ed Dwelling Units.160

where:

PA Total Housing Units (minus the 6 Small Counties) = 5,430,234 1

Pa Total NG

- Burning Dwelling Units (not including the 6 Small Counties) = 2,494,384 2

County (Cameron) Total Housing Units= 4,59 2 1

1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Housing Unit Estimates, Data Set 2007 Population Estimates, Note: For information on errors stemming from model error, sampling error, and n on

- sampling error, see: http://www.census.gov/popest/topics/methodology , accessed May 2009.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, B25040, “House Heating Fuel, Occupied Housin g Units, 2005

- 2007 American Community Survey 3

- year Estimates, accessed May 2009.161

TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000)

Traffic paints are used to mark pavement in applications such as dividing lines for traffic lanes, parking space markings, cr osswalks,

and arr ows. The markings are usually applied by Commonwealth or local highway maintenance crews. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of organic solvents during and shortly after application of the marking paint. Each county’s emissions were calculated by us ing county

- level lane miles totals 1 and a lbs VOC/lane mile emission factor 2

. There are no point sources associated with this category.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION :

where:

Emission Factor = 10.5 lbs VOC/lane mile

Lane Miles =1 2

, 525.22 (Allegheny County)

1 Penn DOT Bureau of Planning and Research, http://www.dot.s tate.pa.us/Internet/Bureaus/pdPlanRes.nsf/PlanningAndResearchHomePage?OpenFrameset

2 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed October, 2009.162163

WINERIES (SCC 2302070005)

Winery emissions result from the entrainment of ethanol by carbon dioxide during wine fermentation. Factors affecting ethanol

emission s are handling techniques, temperature, process equipment design, and fermenting parameters. Other sources of emissions from the wine making process are blending, transferring, racking and storing of the wine.

Emissions were determined using 2007 county

- level wine production data provided by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Alcohol

and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. 1 Because monthly production data were available, these data were used to develop the seasonal allocation factors for this category. The e mission factors for both red and white wines were obtained from AP

- 42. 2

Since the emission factors for the two types of wines are different, but wine type production data are not available, wine pr oduction in the Commonwealth was assumed to be 60 percent w hite wine and 40 percent red wine. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. Each county’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissio ns = (0.6  White Wine Emission Factor + 0.4  Red Wine Emission Factor)  (2007 Total Wine Production)

1 Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bur eau, Department of the Treasury

, 20 07

– Wine Statistical Information. http://www.ttb.gov/statistics/07winestats.shtml and http://www.ttb.gov/foia/frl.shtml , accessed March 2009.

2 From Table 9.12.2

- 1 of emission factor documentation for AP

- 42 Section 9.12.2 Wines and Brandy , October 1995, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap 42/ch09/final/c9s12

- 2.pdf

, accessed March 2009

.164

where:

White Wine Emission Factor = 1.8 lbs VOC/1000 gallons white wine/year 2

Red Wine Emission Factor = 4.6 lbs VOC/1000 gallons red wine/year 2

2007 Total Wine Production = 23.78 thousand gallons (Allegheny County) 1

2007 Summer Wine Production = 3.000 thousand gallons (Allegheny County) 1

White Wine Production Factor = 60% of wine produced Red Wine Production Factor = 40% of wine produced

where:165

WOOD FURNITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401020000)

This source category includes establishme nts engaged in the manufacture of wood home or office furniture. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of solvents used in the finish coats and cleanup procedures. Point source emissions, where present, were

subtracted from these emission estimates. Ea ch county’s emissions were calculated according to the sample calculations below using a per employee emission factor 1 and the number of employees in NAICS codes 337110, 337121, 337122, 337219, 337211, 337212 and

one half of NAIC S codes 337127, 337215 and 339111

. The number of employees in each county for 200 6 was obtained from County

Business Patterns 2

.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 244 lbs VOC/employee/year Employees = 387 employees (Allegheny County)

1 ERTAC Area Inventory Comparability Project , revised August 14, 2009, accessed September, 2009.

2 National, State and County level employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment fl ag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor

.166167

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The format and some of the wording of this document were originally created by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., 3622 Lyckan Parkway, Suite 2002, Durham, NC 27707. Updated values were inserted in place of those originally entered to reflect changes between years 2002 and 2007. Some changes were made to correct or update comments in the document.

T HE ENDLancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2102001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler TypesNOX 293.330942071 Lancaster 2102001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler TypesPM10-FIL 501.498142071 Lancaster 2102001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler TypesPM10-PRI 518.941542071 Lancaster 2102001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler TypesPM25-FIL 130.825642071 Lancaster 2102001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler TypesPM25-PRI 148.269042071 Lancaster 2102001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler TypesSO2 565.639842071 Lancaster 2102001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Anthracite Coal, Total: All Boiler TypesVOC 1.140742071 Lancaster 2103001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total:All Boiler TypesNOX 165.263242071 Lancaster 2103001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total:All Boiler TypesPM10-PRI 292.372742071 Lancaster 2103001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total:All Boiler TypesPM25-PRI 83.535142071 Lancaster 2103001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total:All Boiler TypesSO2 318.682642071 Lancaster 2103001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Anthracite Coal, Total:All Boiler TypesVOC 0.642742071 Lancaster 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesNOX 107.699942071 Lancaster 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-PRI 12.826142071 Lancaster 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-PRI 11.503742071 Lancaster 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesSO2 228.867342071 Lancaster 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Distillate Oil, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesVOC 1.825142071 Lancaster 2103005000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: AllBoiler TypesNOX 16.348842071 Lancaster 2103005000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: AllBoiler TypesPM10-PRI 2.821842071 Lancaster 2103005000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: AllBoiler TypesPM25-PRI 1.3281Page 1Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2103005000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: AllBoiler TypesSO2 49.001942071 Lancaster 2103005000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Residual Oil, Total: AllBoiler TypesVOC 0.335942071 Lancaster 2103006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesNOX 246.662242071 Lancaster 2103006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-PRI 19.373242071 Lancaster 2103006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-PRI 19.373242071 Lancaster 2103006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesSO2 1.488342071 Lancaster 2103006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total:Boilers and IC EnginesVOC 13.950242071 Lancaster 2103011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: AllCombustor TypesNOX 5.835142071 Lancaster 2103011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: AllCombustor TypesPM10-PRI 0.694442071 Lancaster 2103011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: AllCombustor TypesPM25-PRI 0.621442071 Lancaster 2103011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: AllCombustor TypesSO2 12.428742071 Lancaster 2103011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Kerosene, Total: AllCombustor TypesVOC 0.099242071 Lancaster 2104001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All CombustorTypesNOX 51.796842071 Lancaster 2104001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All CombustorTypesPM10-PRI 191.137242071 Lancaster 2104001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All CombustorTypesPM25-PRI 157.089442071 Lancaster 2104001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All CombustorTypesSO2 599.289442071 Lancaster 2104001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Anthracite Coal, Total: All CombustorTypesVOC 172.656142071 Lancaster 2104004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All CombustorTypesNOX 364.388142071 Lancaster 2104004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All CombustorTypesPM10-PRI 48.180242071 Lancaster 2104004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All CombustorTypesPM25-PRI 43.1193Page 2Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2104004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All CombustorTypesSO2 862.385142071 Lancaster 2104004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All CombustorTypesVOC 14.170642071 Lancaster 2104006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All CombustorTypesNOX 179.538342071 Lancaster 2104006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All CombustorTypesPM10-PRI 14.515942071 Lancaster 2104006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All CombustorTypesPM25-PRI 14.515942071 Lancaster 2104006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All CombustorTypesSO2 1.146042071 Lancaster 2104006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Total: All CombustorTypesVOC 10.504942071 Lancaster 2104007000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total:All Combustor TypesNOX 64.832142071 Lancaster 2104007000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total:All Combustor TypesPM10-PRI 4.195642071 Lancaster 2104007000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total:All Combustor TypesPM25-PRI 4.195642071 Lancaster 2104007000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total:All Combustor TypesSO2 0.250142071 Lancaster 2104007000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total:All Combustor TypesVOC 2.315442071 Lancaster 2104008001Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: GeneralNOX 4.951942071 Lancaster 2104008001Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: GeneralPM10-PRI 44.948342071 Lancaster 2104008001Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: GeneralPM25-PRI 44.948342071 Lancaster 2104008001Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: GeneralSO2 0.761842071 Lancaster 2104008001Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: GeneralVOC 436.150942071 Lancaster 2104008002Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPAcertifiedNOX 12.325342071 Lancaster 2104008002Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPAcertifiedPM10-PRI 134.697742071 Lancaster 2104008002Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPAcertifiedPM25-PRI 134.697742071 Lancaster 2104008002Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPAcertifiedSO2 1.760842071 Lancaster 2104008002Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; non-EPAcertifiedVOC 233.2999Page 3Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2104008003Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPAcertified; non-catalyticPM10-PRI 5.345442071 Lancaster 2104008003Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPAcertified; non-catalyticPM25-PRI 5.345442071 Lancaster 2104008003Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPAcertified; non-catalyticSO2 0.109142071 Lancaster 2104008003Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPAcertified; non-catalyticVOC 3.272742071 Lancaster 2104008004Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPAcertified; catalyticNOX 0.220142071 Lancaster 2104008004Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPAcertified; catalyticPM10-PRI 2.245042071 Lancaster 2104008004Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPAcertified; catalyticPM25-PRI 2.245042071 Lancaster 2104008004Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPAcertified; catalyticSO2 0.044042071 Lancaster 2104008004Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Fireplaces: Insert; EPAcertified; catalyticVOC 1.650742071 Lancaster 2104008010Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: GeneralNOX 8.811242071 Lancaster 2104008010Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: GeneralPM10-PRI 96.294142071 Lancaster 2104008010Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: GeneralPM25-PRI 96.294142071 Lancaster 2104008010Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: GeneralSO2 1.258742071 Lancaster 2104008010Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Woodstoves: GeneralVOC 166.783842071 Lancaster 2104008030Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves:GeneralNOX 0.157342071 Lancaster 2104008030Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves:GeneralPM10-PRI 1.604942071 Lancaster 2104008030Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves:GeneralPM25-PRI 1.604942071 Lancaster 2104008030Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves:GeneralSO2 0.031542071 Lancaster 2104008030Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Catalytic Woodstoves:GeneralVOC 1.180142071 Lancaster 2104008050Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Non-catalytic Woodstoves:EPA certifiedPM10-PRI 3.821442071 Lancaster 2104008050Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Non-catalytic Woodstoves:EPA certifiedPM25-PRI 3.821442071 Lancaster 2104008050Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Non-catalytic Woodstoves:EPA certifiedSO2 0.0780Page 4Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2104008050Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Non-catalytic Woodstoves:EPA certifiedVOC 2.339642071 Lancaster 2104011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater TypesNOX 35.402142071 Lancaster 2104011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater TypesPM10-PRI 4.842442071 Lancaster 2104011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater TypesPM25-PRI 4.333742071 Lancaster 2104011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater TypesSO2 83.622242071 Lancaster 2104011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Kerosene, Total: All Heater TypesVOC 1.424242071 Lancaster 2294000000Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: FugitivesPM10-FIL 4,951.479342071 Lancaster 2294000000Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: FugitivesPM10-PRI 4,951.479342071 Lancaster 2294000000Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: FugitivesPM25-FIL 502.064342071 Lancaster 2294000000Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: FugitivesPM25-PRI 502.064342071 Lancaster 2296000000Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: FugitivesPM10-FIL 3,685.869442071 Lancaster 2296000000Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: FugitivesPM10-PRI 3,685.869442071 Lancaster 2296000000Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: FugitivesPM25-FIL 368.966642071 Lancaster 2296000000Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: FugitivesPM25-PRI 368.966642071 Lancaster 2302000000Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, All Processes, TotalVOC 90.270042071 Lancaster 2302002100Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Charbroiling, Conveyorized CharbroilingPM10-PRI 13.050842071 Lancaster 2302002100Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Charbroiling, Conveyorized CharbroilingPM25-PRI 12.651142071 Lancaster 2302002100Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Charbroiling, Conveyorized CharbroilingVOC 3.265242071 Lancaster 2302002200Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Charbroiling, Under-fired CharbroilingPM10-PRI 85.219142071 Lancaster 2302002200Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Charbroiling, Under-fired CharbroilingPM25-PRI 82.380342071 Lancaster 2302002200Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Charbroiling, Under-fired CharbroilingVOC 10.222142071 Lancaster 2302003000Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Frying, Deep Fat FyingVOC 1.660642071 Lancaster 2302003100Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Frying, Flat Griddle FryingPM10-PRI 23.245142071 Lancaster 2302003100Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Frying, Flat Griddle FryingPM25-PRI 17.6663Page 5Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2302003100Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Frying, Flat Griddle FryingVOC 1.393642071 Lancaster 2302003200Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Frying, Clamshell Griddle FryingPM10-PRI 1.380142071 Lancaster 2302003200Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Frying, Clamshell Griddle FryingPM25-PRI 1.169042071 Lancaster 2302003200Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Commercial Cooking -Frying, Clamshell Griddle FryingVOC 0.050042071 Lancaster 2302050000Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Bakery Products, TotalVOC 6.970042071 Lancaster 2302070001Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Fermentation/Beverages,BreweriesVOC 0.473142071 Lancaster 2302070005Industrial Processes, Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20, Fermentation/Beverages,WineriesVOC 0.058242071 Lancaster 2311010000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Residential, TotalPM10-FIL 135.809442071 Lancaster 2311010000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Residential, TotalPM10-PRI 135.809442071 Lancaster 2311010000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Residential, TotalPM25-FIL 13.580942071 Lancaster 2311010000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Residential, TotalPM25-PRI 13.580942071 Lancaster 2311020000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Industrial/Commercial/Institutional,TotalPM10-FIL 1,148.776042071 Lancaster 2311020000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Industrial/Commercial/Institutional,TotalPM10-PRI 1,148.776042071 Lancaster 2311020000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Industrial/Commercial/Institutional,TotalPM25-FIL 114.877642071 Lancaster 2311020000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Industrial/Commercial/Institutional,TotalPM25-PRI 114.877642071 Lancaster 2311030000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Road Construction, TotalPM10-FIL 3,058.920542071 Lancaster 2311030000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Road Construction, TotalPM10-PRI 3,058.920542071 Lancaster 2311030000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Road Construction, TotalPM25-FIL 305.892042071 Lancaster 2311030000Industrial Processes, Construction: SIC 15 - 17, Road Construction, TotalPM25-PRI 305.892042071 Lancaster 2325000000Industrial Processes, Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14, All Processes, TotalPM10-FIL 238.870042071 Lancaster 2325000000Industrial Processes, Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14, All Processes, TotalPM10-PRI 238.870042071 Lancaster 2325000000Industrial Processes, Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14, All Processes, TotalPM25-FIL 47.770042071 Lancaster 2325000000Industrial Processes, Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14, All Processes, TotalPM25-PRI 47.770042071 Lancaster 2399000000Industrial Processes, Industrial Processes: NEC, Industrial Processes: NEC, TotalPM10-FIL 3.970042071 Lancaster 2399000000Industrial Processes, Industrial Processes: NEC, Industrial Processes: NEC, TotalPM10-PRI 3.970042071 Lancaster 2399000000Industrial Processes, Industrial Processes: NEC, Industrial Processes: NEC, TotalPM25-FIL 2.7500Page 6Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2399000000Industrial Processes, Industrial Processes: NEC, Industrial Processes: NEC, TotalPM25-PRI 2.750042071 Lancaster 2399010000Refrigerant LossesNH3 109.275042071 Lancaster 2401001000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Architectural Coatings, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 597.646142071 Lancaster 2401005000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Auto Refinishing: SIC 7532, Total: All SolventTypesVOC 214.964842071 Lancaster 2401008000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Traffic Markings, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 87.872242071 Lancaster 2401015000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242, Total:All Solvent TypesVOC 35.132142071 Lancaster 2401020000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Wood Furniture: SIC 25, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 164.670242071 Lancaster 2401025000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Metal Furniture: SIC 25, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 241.147042071 Lancaster 2401030000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Paper: SIC 26, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 11.830042071 Lancaster 2401040000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Metal Cans: SIC 341, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 593.991542071 Lancaster 2401045000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Metal Coils: SIC 3498, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 142.240042071 Lancaster 2401050000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Miscellaneous Finished Metals: SIC 34 - (341 +3498), Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 20.947542071 Lancaster 2401055000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35, Total: AllSolvent TypesVOC 140.332542071 Lancaster 2401060000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Large Appliances: SIC 363, Total: All SolventTypesVOC 140.057542071 Lancaster 2401065000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Electronic and Other Electrical: SIC 36 - 363,Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 93.960042071 Lancaster 2401080000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Marine: SIC 373, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 1.386042071 Lancaster 2401085000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Railroad: SIC 374, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 7.000042071 Lancaster 2401090000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Miscellaneous Manufacturing, Total: All SolventTypesVOC 109.528342071 Lancaster 2401100000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Industrial Maintenance Coatings, Total: All SolventTypesVOC 153.139542071 Lancaster 2401200000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Other Special Purpose Coatings, Total: All SolventTypesVOC 153.139542071 Lancaster 2415200000Solvent Utilization, Degreasing, All Industries: Conveyerized Degreasing, Total: AllSolvent TypesVOC 58.154742071 Lancaster 2415230000Solvent Utilization, Degreasing, Electronic and Other Elec. (SIC 36): ConveyerizedDegreasing, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 24.9235Page 7Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2415300000Solvent Utilization, Degreasing, All Industries: Cold Cleaning, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 119.894442071 Lancaster 2415360000Solvent Utilization, Degreasing, Auto Repair Services (SIC 75): Cold Cleaning, Total:All Solvent TypesVOC 282.351042071 Lancaster 2420000370Solvent Utilization, Dry Cleaning, All Processes, Special NaphthasVOC 35.892142071 Lancaster 2430000000Solvent Utilization, Rubber/Plastics, All Processes, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 75.100042071 Lancaster 2440020000Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Industrial, Adhesive (Industrial) Application, Total: AllSolvent TypesVOC 556.790042071 Lancaster 2461021000Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Cutback Asphalt, Total:All Solvent TypesVOC 111.191642071 Lancaster 2461022000Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Emulsified Asphalt,Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 47.941242071 Lancaster 2461800000Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Pesticide Application: AllProcesses, Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 531.680642071 Lancaster 2465000000Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer, All Products/Processes,Total: All Solvent TypesVOC 1,693.615942071 Lancaster 2501060053Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline ServiceStations, Stage 1: Balanced Submerged FillingVOC 49.181442071 Lancaster 2501060101Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline ServiceStations, Stage 2: Displacement Loss/UncontrolledVOC 691.471642071 Lancaster 2501060201Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline ServiceStations, Underground Tank: Breathing and EmptyingVOC 30.108142071 Lancaster 2501060300Portable Gasoline ContainersVOC 526.906142071 Lancaster 2501080050Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Airports : AviationGasoline, Stage 1: TotalVOC 27.414242071 Lancaster 2501080100Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Airports : AviationGasoline, Stage 2: TotalVOC 1.666342071 Lancaster 2505030120Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport, Truck, GasolineVOC 5.850042071 Lancaster 2601010000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, On-site Incineration, Industrial, TotalNOX 48.653742071 Lancaster 2601010000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, On-site Incineration, Industrial, TotalVOC 128.866542071 Lancaster 2601020000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, On-site Incineration,Commercial/Institutional, TotalVOC 124.727242071 Lancaster 2610000100Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedNH3 0.796342071 Lancaster 2610000100Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedNOX 3.918142071 Lancaster 2610000100Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedPM10-PRI 13.9030Page 8Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2610000100Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedPM25-PRI 13.903042071 Lancaster 2610000100Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedSO2 0.480342071 Lancaster 2610000100Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedVOC 17.694842071 Lancaster 2610000400Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedNH3 1.126542071 Lancaster 2610000400Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedNOX 4.470342071 Lancaster 2610000400Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedPM10-PRI 17.639942071 Lancaster 2610000400Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedPM25-PRI 13.598742071 Lancaster 2610000400Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedSO2 1.484142071 Lancaster 2610000400Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, Yard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedVOC 16.987242071 Lancaster 2610000500Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, LandClearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning)NOX 76.304142071 Lancaster 2610000500Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, LandClearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning)PM10-FIL 259.433942071 Lancaster 2610000500Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, LandClearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning)PM10-PRI 259.433942071 Lancaster 2610000500Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, LandClearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning)PM25-FIL 259.433942071 Lancaster 2610000500Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, LandClearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning)PM25-PRI 259.433942071 Lancaster 2610000500Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, All Categories, LandClearing Debris (use 28-10-005-000 for Logging Debris Burning)VOC 177.025542071 Lancaster 2610010000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Industrial, TotalNOX 4.508442071 Lancaster 2610010000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Industrial, TotalVOC 22.542242071 Lancaster 2610020000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Commercial/Institutional,TotalNOX 6.891342071 Lancaster 2610020000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Commercial/Institutional,TotalVOC 34.456442071 Lancaster 2610030000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, HouseholdWaste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)NOX 35.740342071 Lancaster 2610030000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, HouseholdWaste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)PM10-PRI 111.3222Page 9Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2610030000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, HouseholdWaste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)PM25-PRI 101.947742071 Lancaster 2610030000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, HouseholdWaste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)SO2 5.976242071 Lancaster 2610030000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Open Burning, Residential, HouseholdWaste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)VOC 25.065142071 Lancaster 2620030000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Landfills, Municipal, TotalVOC 236.827242071 Lancaster 2630020010Waste Disposal, Treatment, and RecoveryNH3 0.207742071 Lancaster 2630020010Waste Disposal, Treatment, and RecoveryVOC 68.472242071 Lancaster 2630020020POTW Biosolids ProcessesNH3 1.092542071 Lancaster 2630050000Biosolids Land ApplicationNH3 5.171142071 Lancaster 2640000000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, TSDFs, All TSDF Types, Total: AllProcessesVOC 30.080042071 Lancaster 2680001000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Composting, 100% Biosolids (e.g., sewagesludge, manure, mixtures of these matls), All ProcessesNH3 27.604142071 Lancaster 2680001000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Composting, 100% Biosolids (e.g., sewagesludge, manure, mixtures of these matls), All ProcessesVOC 14.307042071 Lancaster 2680002000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Composting, Mixed Waste (e.g., a 50:50mixture of biosolids and green wastes), All ProcessesNH3 23.555342071 Lancaster 2680002000Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery, Composting, Mixed Waste (e.g., a 50:50mixture of biosolids and green wastes), All ProcessesVOC 26.153942071 Lancaster 2801000003Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Agriculture - Crops, TillingPM10-FIL 4,876.275142071 Lancaster 2801000003Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Agriculture - Crops, TillingPM10-PRI 4,876.275142071 Lancaster 2801000003Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Agriculture - Crops, TillingPM25-FIL 975.255042071 Lancaster 2801000003Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Agriculture - Crops, TillingPM25-PRI 975.255042071 Lancaster 2801700003Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Nitrogen SolutionsNH3 324.093042071 Lancaster 2801700004Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,UreaNH3 226.798042071 Lancaster 2801700005Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Ammonium NitrateNH3 12.861442071 Lancaster 2801700006Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Ammonium SulfateNH3 59.339542071 Lancaster 2801700007Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Ammonium ThiosulfateNH3 0.5011Page 10Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2801700010Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application, N-PK (multi-grade nutrient fertilizers)NH3 64.284042071 Lancaster 2801700011Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Calcium Ammonium NitrateNH3 0.016542071 Lancaster 2801700012Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Potassium NitrateNH3 0.094242071 Lancaster 2801700013Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Diammonium PhosphateNH3 3.523242071 Lancaster 2801700014Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Monoammonium PhosphateNH3 1.471042071 Lancaster 2801700015Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Liquid Ammonium PolyphosphateNH3 1.660642071 Lancaster 2801700099Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Crops, Fertilizer Application,Miscellaneous FertilizersNH3 75.323642071 Lancaster 2805001100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Beef cattle - finishingoperations on feedlots (drylots), ConfinementNH3 484.440042071 Lancaster 2805001200Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Beef cattle - finishingoperations on feedlots (drylots), Manure handling and storageNH3 0.194042071 Lancaster 2805001300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Beef cattle - finishingoperations on feedlots (drylots), Land application of manureNH3 386.760042071 Lancaster 2805003100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Beef cattle - finishingoperations on pasture/range, ConfinementNH3 165.000042071 Lancaster 2805007100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production -layers with dry manure management systems, ConfinementNH3 4,144.800042071 Lancaster 2805007300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production -layers with dry manure management systems, Land application of manureNH3 93.192042071 Lancaster 2805009100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production -broilers, ConfinementNH3 859.320042071 Lancaster 2805009200Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production -broilers, Manure handling and storageNH3 155.760042071 Lancaster 2805009300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production -broilers, Land application of manureNH3 702.240042071 Lancaster 2805010100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production -turkeys, ConfinementNH3 87.384042071 Lancaster 2805010200Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production -turkeys, Manure handling and storageNH3 15.708042071 Lancaster 2805010300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry production -turkeys, Land application of manureNH3 78.5400Page 11Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2805019100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - flushdairy, ConfinementNH3 22.044042071 Lancaster 2805019200Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - flushdairy, Manure handling and storageNH3 61.908042071 Lancaster 2805019300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - flushdairy, Land application of manureNH3 6.230442071 Lancaster 2805021100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - scrapedairy, ConfinementNH3 781.440042071 Lancaster 2805021200Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - scrapedairy, Manure handling and storageNH3 781.440042071 Lancaster 2805021300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - scrapedairy, Land application of manureNH3 1,782.000042071 Lancaster 2805022100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - deep pitdairy, ConfinementNH3 67.980042071 Lancaster 2805022200Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - deep pitdairy, Manure handling and storageNH3 3.181242071 Lancaster 2805022300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle - deep pitdairy, Land application of manureNH3 39.336042071 Lancaster 2805023100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle -drylot/pasture dairy, ConfinementNH3 654.720042071 Lancaster 2805023200Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle -drylot/pasture dairy, Manure handling and storageNH3 11.272842071 Lancaster 2805023300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Dairy cattle -drylot/pasture dairy, Land application of manureNH3 873.840042071 Lancaster 2805030007Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry WasteEmissions, DucksNH3 87.516042071 Lancaster 2805030008Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Poultry WasteEmissions, GeeseNH3 0.367042071 Lancaster 2805035000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Horses and PoniesWaste Emissions, Not Elsewhere ClassifiedNH3 221.760042071 Lancaster 2805039100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production -operations with lagoons (unspecified animal age), ConfinementNH3 347.160042071 Lancaster 2805039200Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production -operations with lagoons (unspecified animal age), Manure handling and storageNH3 695.640042071 Lancaster 2805039300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production -operations with lagoons (unspecified animal age), Land application of manureNH3 57.816042071 Lancaster 2805040000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Sheep and LambsWaste Emissions, TotalNH3 21.3840Page 12Lancaster CountyPM 2.5 SIP InventoryFIPS County SCCDescriptionPoll 200242071 Lancaster 2805045000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Goats WasteEmissions, Not Elsewhere ClassifiedNH3 22.308042071 Lancaster 2805047100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production -deep-pit house operations (unspecified animal age), ConfinementNH3 937.200042071 Lancaster 2805047300Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production -deep-pit house operations (unspecified animal age), Land application of manureNH3 399.960042071 Lancaster 2805053100Miscellaneous Area Sources, Agriculture Production - Livestock, Swine production -outdoor operations (unspecified animal age), ConfinementNH3 5.596842071 Lancaster 2810001000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, TotalNOX 0.093142071 Lancaster 2810001000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, TotalPM10-PRI 0.302442071 Lancaster 2810001000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, TotalPM25-PRI 0.272242071 Lancaster 2810001000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, TotalSO2 0.003542071 Lancaster 2810001000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, TotalVOC 0.558442071 Lancaster 2810015000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for ForestManagement, TotalNH3 0.077642071 Lancaster 2810015000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for ForestManagement, TotalNOX 0.370242071 Lancaster 2810015000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for ForestManagement, TotalPM10-PRI 1.677942071 Lancaster 2810015000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for ForestManagement, TotalPM25-PRI 1.439142071 Lancaster 2810015000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for ForestManagement, TotalSO2 0.101542071 Lancaster 2810015000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Prescribed Burning for ForestManagement, TotalVOC 0.812142071 Lancaster 2810030000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Structure Fires, TotalNOX 0.693342071 Lancaster 2810030000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Structure Fires, TotalVOC 5.4477Page 13STATE FIPS CNTY_NA M NONATTAI N SCC SCC_DESC R TF_SCC TF ORIGINAL G FINAL GRO

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21020010 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21020040 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21020050 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21020060 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M AEO2011; M

PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21020070 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21020110 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21030010 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21030040 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21030050 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21030060 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21030070 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21030110 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040010 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040040 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040060 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040070 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040081 0 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040082 1 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040082 2 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040082 3 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040083 1 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040083 2 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040083 3 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040084 0 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040085 1 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040086 1 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040090 0 Stationary NO 1 EPA2020; F Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 21040110 0 Stationary NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 22940000 0 Paved Roa d YES 0.618322 AEO2010 N County Sp e
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 22960000 0 Unpaved R YES 0.618322 Default
‐ N Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23020021 0 Food & Kin NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23020022 0 Food & Kin NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23020030 0 Food & Kin NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23020031 0 Food & Kin NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23020032 0 Food & Kin NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23020500 0 Food & Kin NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23110100 0 Constructi o YES 0.618322 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23110200 0 Constructi o YES 0.618322 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23110300 0 Constructi o YES 0.618322 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 23250000 0 Mining & Q NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010010 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State

‐ Supp Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010050 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010080 0 Surface Co a NO 1 Default
‐ N Use Origin aPA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010150 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010200 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010250 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010300 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010400 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010450 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010600 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010650 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010800 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010850 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24010900 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24011000 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24012000 0 Surface Co a NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24152000 0 Degreasin g NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24152300 0 Degreasin g NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24153000 0 Degreasin g NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24153600 0 Degreasin g NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24200000 0 Dry Cleani n NO 1 State

‐ Supp Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24250000 0 Graphic Ar t NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24601000 0 Misc Non

‐ i NO 1 State

‐ Supp Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24602000 0 Misc Non

‐ i NO 1 State

‐ Supp Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24604000 0 Misc Non

‐ i NO 1 State

‐ Supp Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24605000 0 Misc Non

‐ i NO 1 State

‐ Supp Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24606000 0 Misc Non

‐ i NO 1 State

‐ Supp Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24608000 0 Misc Non

‐ i NO 1 State

‐ Supp Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24609000 0 Misc Non

‐ i NO 1 State

‐ Supp Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24610210 0 Misc Non

‐ i NO 1 Default
‐ N Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 24610220 0 Misc Non

‐ i NO 1 Default
‐ N Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010110 1 Residential NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010110 1 Residential NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010110 1 Residential NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010110 1 Residential NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010110 1 Residential NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010120 1 Commerci a NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010120 1 Commerci a NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010120 1 Commerci a NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010120 1 Commerci a NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010120 1 Commerci a NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010600 5 Gasoline S e NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25010602 0 Gasoline S e NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 25050301 2 Petrol & P e NO 1 AEO2010; M Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 26100001 0 Open Burn NO 1 Default
‐ N Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 26100004 0 Open Burn NO 1 Default
‐ N Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 26100005 0 Open Burn NO 1 Default
‐ N Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 26100300 0 Open Burn NO 1 Default
‐ N Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 26300200 0 Wastewat e NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28010000 0 Agric ‐ Cro p YES 0.618322 State Empl o Use Origin aPA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 0 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 0 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 0 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 0 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 0 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 0 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 0 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 1 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 1 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 1 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 1 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 1 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 1 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28017000 9 Agric ‐ Cro p NO 1 State Empl o Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050011 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050012 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050013 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050020 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050031 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050071 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050073 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050081 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050082 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050083 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050091 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050092 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050093 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050101 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050102 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050103 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050180 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050191 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050192 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050193 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050211 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050212 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050213 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050221 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050222 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050223 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050231 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050232 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050233 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050250 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050300 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050300 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050300 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin aPA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050350 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050391 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050392 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050393 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; L Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050400 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; l i Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050450 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; l i Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050471 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; l i Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050473 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; l i Use Origin a
PA 42071 Lancaster Lancaster, 28050531 0 Agric ‐ Live NO 1 EPA2020; l i Use Origin aOriginal GFs based on Column I Reference Final GFs based on Column J Reference

GF_07_13 GF_07_17 GF_07_20 GF_07_25 GF_07_13 GF_07_17 GF_07_20 GF_07_25 CONTROL R NH3_2007

0.84897 0.86815 0.86943 0.84996 0.84897 0.86815 0.86943 0.84996 0.673785

0.90689 0.90647 0.91167 0.88043 0.90689 0.90647 0.91167 0.88043 2010 RICE M 2.39803

0.66759 0.59932 0.58513 0.56793 0.66759 0.59932 0.58513 0.56793 MANEVU L 1.618979

1.11646 1.14481 1.12062 1.07699 1.2886 1.3654 1.4202 1.4725 2010 RICE M 17.56191

0.90299 0.9019 0.90321 0.88313 0.90299 0.9019 0.90321 0.88313 0.005553

0.90689 0.90647 0.91167 0.88043 0.90689 0.90647 0.91167 0.88043 MANEVU L 0.035707

1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 1.0358 0.32283

0.82625 0.76663 0.73685 0.70742 0.82625 0.76663 0.73685 0.70742 2010 RICE M 0.268595

1.08048 1.08735 1.09164 1.09118 1.08048 1.08735 1.09164 1.09118 MANEVU L 0.180785

1.04704 1.07601 1.10042 1.14605 1.04704 1.07601 1.10042 1.14605 2010 RICE M 1.197222

0.98314 0.99085 0.99869 1.00876 0.98314 0.99085 0.99869 1.00876 0.000646

1.35148 1.43016 1.45574 1.50984 1.35148 1.43016 1.45574 1.50984 MANEVU L 0.026456

0.63929 0.62245 0.61173 0.5898 0.63929 0.62245 0.61173 0.5898 0.065981

0.8674 0.79161 0.74978 0.68898 0.8674 0.79161 0.74978 0.68898 MANEVU L 13.55093

0.97682 0.99878 1.02195 1.04433 0.97682 0.99878 1.02195 1.04433 1.115528

0.73171 0.70053 0.69522 0.69148 0.73171 0.70053 0.69522 0.69148 0.39243

1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 6.653064

0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 5.005632

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 0.518056

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 0.216927

0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 14.42905

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.493659

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 0.623541

1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 1.12 1.2 1.26 1.36 0.746531

0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 0.88 0.8 0.74 0.64 2.193918

1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 PA Outdoo 2.769213

1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18 1.06 1.1 1.13 1.18

0.90566 0.93467 0.97462 1.00876 0.90566 0.93467 0.97462 1.00876 MANEVU L 0.73247
1.03457 1.09557 1.16211 n/a 1.077308 1.128847 1.182153 1.267919

11111111

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285 0.96329 0.93924 0.92151 0.89285

1.03413 1.05723 1.07482 1.10493 1.03413 1.05723 1.07482 1.10493

1.03413 1.05723 1.07482 1.10493 1.03413 1.05723 1.07482 1.10493

1.02034 1.03403 1.04439 1.06194 1.02034 1.03403 1.04439 1.06194

1.018987 1.031755 1.041412 1.05775 1.018987 1.031755 1.041412 1.05775

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124

1.0248 1.04152 1.0542 1.07575 1.0248 1.04152 1.0542 1.07575

111111111.0089 1.01485 1.01934 1.02687 1.0089 1.01485 1.01934 1.02687

0.96394 0.9403 0.92287 0.89468 0.96394 0.9403 0.92287 0.89468

0.96394 0.9403 0.92287 0.89468 0.96394 0.9403 0.92287 0.89468

0.95405 0.92407 0.90207 0.86679 0.95405 0.92407 0.90207 0.86679

1.04066 1.06827 1.08935 1.12561 1.04066 1.06827 1.08935 1.12561

1.04066 1.06827 1.08935 1.12561 1.04066 1.06827 1.08935 1.12561

0.9642 0.94073 0.92343 0.89543 0.9642 0.94073 0.92343 0.89543

0.91259 0.85671 0.81662 0.75467 0.91259 0.85671 0.81662 0.75467

0.95717 0.92918 0.90862 0.87555 0.95717 0.92918 0.90862 0.87555

0.95717 0.92918 0.90862 0.87555 0.95717 0.92918 0.90862 0.87555

1.04168 1.07 1.09162 1.12884 1.04168 1.07 1.09162 1.12884

0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822 0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822

0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822 0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822

0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822 0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822

0.91259 0.85671 0.81662 0.75467 0.91259 0.85671 0.81662 0.75467

0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822 0.97564 0.95958 0.94767 0.92822

1.0248 1.04152 1.0542 1.07575 1.0248 1.04152 1.0542 1.07575

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124

0.90835 0.84988 0.80802 0.74362 0.90835 0.84988 0.80802 0.74362

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Co n

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Co n

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Co n

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Co n

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Co n

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Co n

1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 1.03399 1.05662 1.0736 1.10124 OTC 2006 Rule for Co n

11111111

11111111
1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 OTC/Federal PFC Rule s

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023

1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023 1.22532 1.18808 1.16957 1.16023

1.22201 1.18515 1.16707 1.15754 1.22201 1.18515 1.16707 1.15754

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111111

1.02567 1.04298 1.05611 1.07845 1.02567 1.04298 1.05611 1.07845 1.876623

1.008097 1.013515 1.017594 1.02444 1.008097 1.013515 1.017594 1.024441.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 236.8308

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 282.4977

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 8.846085

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 133.115

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 53.8349

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0.014844

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0.011216

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 2.312657

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 0.529423

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.542139

1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 1.0081 1.01352 1.01759 1.02444 185.0368

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 28.96056

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 0.011597

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 23.142

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 82.78224

1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 1.0107 1.01698 1.02104 1.0299 9.891552

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 3147.312

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 70.7484

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 0

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 0

1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 1.12009 1.19092 1.23711 1.33649 0

1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 1176.936

1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 214.2288

1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 1.1689 1.26854 1.33354 1.47331 962.7072

11111111 62.02056

11111111 11.14783

11111111 55.80528

11111111 1772.016

11111111 16.00104

11111111 45.09384

11111111 4.549056

11111111 569.9544

11111111 569.9544

11111111 1299.919

11111111 49.59

11111111 2.3142

11111111 28.69608

11111111 477.3864

11111111 8.212104

11111111 637.3968

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 0

1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 579.2112

1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 166.6224

1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 1.13286 1.21125 1.2624 1.37235 1.2470231.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 202.3272

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 318.6984

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 636.0744

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 53.02824

1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 20.89392

1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 1.04783 1.07605 1.09447 1.13405 34.91136

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 858.2376

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 366.3048

1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 1.04573 1.07267 1.09022 1.12806 5.130912

15550.71NH3_17_G NH3_17_C F NH3_17_G NH3_25_G NH3_25_C F NH3_25_G NOX_2007 NOX_17_G NOX_17_C NOX_17_G

0.584947 1 0.584947 0.572691 1 0.572691 202.1356 175.484 1 175.484

2.173742 1 2.173742 2.111298 1 2.111298 59.95075 54.34356 1 54.34356

0.970287 1 0.970287 0.919467 1 0.919467 76.68804 45.96068 1 45.96068

23.97903 1 23.97903 25.85991 1 25.85991 213.3246 291.2735 0.9203 268.059

0.005008 1 0.005008 0.004904 1 0.004904 44.2444 39.90403 1 39.90403

0.032367 1 0.032367 0.031437 1 0.031437 0010

0.334387 1 0.334387 0.334387 1 0.334387 96.84904 100.3162 1 100.3162

0.205913 1 0.205913 0.190009 1 0.190009 67.14867 51.47818 1 51.47818

0.196576 1 0.196576 0.197269 1 0.197269 12.42896 13.51463 1 13.51463

1.288223 1 1.288223 1.372076 1 1.372076 241.631 259.9974 0.9203 239.2756

0.00064 1 0.00064 0.000652 1 0.000652 5.145857 5.098772 1 5.098772

0.037837 1 0.037837 0.039945 1 0.039945 6.377866 9.121368 1 9.121368

0.04107 1 0.04107 0.038915 1 0.038915 6.598061 4.106963 1 4.106963

10.72705 1 10.72705 9.336317 1 9.336317 304.8958 241.3586 1 241.3586

1.114167 1 1.114167 1.164979 1 1.164979 213.9992 213.7381 1 213.7381

0.274909 1 0.274909 0.271357 1 0.271357 105.1712 73.67556 1 73.67556

7.318371 1 7.318371 7.850616 1 7.850616 9.609982 10.57098 1 10.57098

4.004506 1 4.004506 3.203605 1 3.203605 8.244571 6.595657 1 6.595657

0.621667 1 0.621667 0.704556 1 0.704556 1.312408 1.574889 1 1.574889

0.260313 1 0.260313 0.295021 1 0.295021 0.48206 0.578472 1 0.578472

11.54324 1 11.54324 9.234593 1 9.234593 23.7655 19.0124 1 19.0124

1.792391 1 1.792391 2.031377 1 2.031377 3.783937 4.540724 1 4.540724

0.748249 1 0.748249 0.848016 1 0.848016 1.385646 1.662776 1 1.662776

0.895837 1 0.895837 1.015282 1 1.015282 9.456061 11.34727 1 11.34727

1.755135 1 1.755135 1.404108 1 1.404108 2.244293 1.795434 1 1.795434

3.046134 1 3.046134 3.267671 1 3.267671 2.832796 3.116075 1 3.116075

010010 4.010615 4.411676 1 4.411676

0.684618 1 0.684618 0.738886 1 0.738886 16.4568 15.38168 1 15.38168

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

0100100010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

0100100010

0100100010

010010 86.33477 86.33477 1 86.33477

0100100010

1.957281 1 1.957281 2.023845 1 2.023845 0 1 0

010010 010010010 010

010010 010

240.0328 1 240.0328 242.619 1 242.619 0 1 0

286.3171 1 286.3171 289.4019 1 289.4019 0 1 0

8.965684 1 8.965684 9.062283 1 9.062283 0 1 0

134.9147 1 134.9147 136.3683 1 136.3683 0 1 0

010010 010

54.56275 1 54.56275 55.15063 1 55.15063 0 1 0

0.015045 1 0.015045 0.015207 1 0.015207 0 1 0

0.011368 1 0.011368 0.01149 1 0.01149 0 1 0

2.343924 1 2.343924 2.369179 1 2.369179 0 1 0

0.536581 1 0.536581 0.542362 1 0.542362 0 1 0

1.562989 1 1.562989 1.579829 1 1.579829 0 1 0

187.5385 1 187.5385 189.5591 1 189.5591 0 1 0

29.45231 1 29.45231 29.82648 1 29.82648 0 1 0

0.011794 1 0.011794 0.011944 1 0.011944 0 1 0

23.53495 1 23.53495 23.83395 1 23.83395 0 1 0

84.18788 1 84.18788 85.25743 1 85.25743 0 1 0

10.05951 1 10.05951 10.18731 1 10.18731 0 1 0

3748.197 1 3748.197 4206.351 1 4206.351 0 1 0

84.25568 1 84.25568 94.55453 1 94.55453 0 1 0

010010 010

010010 010

010010 010

1492.99 1 1492.99 1733.992 1 1733.992 0 1 0

271.7578 1 271.7578 315.6254 1 315.6254 0 1 0

1221.233 1 1221.233 1418.366 1 1418.366 0 1 0

62.02056 1 62.02056 62.02056 1 62.02056 0 1 0

11.14783 1 11.14783 11.14783 1 11.14783 0 1 0

55.80528 1 55.80528 55.80528 1 55.80528 0 1 0

1772.016 1 1772.016 1772.016 1 1772.016 0 1 0

16.00104 1 16.00104 16.00104 1 16.00104 0 1 0

45.09384 1 45.09384 45.09384 1 45.09384 0 1 0

4.549056 1 4.549056 4.549056 1 4.549056 0 1 0

569.9544 1 569.9544 569.9544 1 569.9544 0 1 0

569.9544 1 569.9544 569.9544 1 569.9544 0 1 0

1299.919 1 1299.919 1299.919 1 1299.919 0 1 0

49.59 1 49.59 49.59 1 49.59 0 1 0

2.3142 1 2.3142 2.3142 1 2.3142 0 1 0

28.69608 1 28.69608 28.69608 1 28.69608 0 1 0

477.3864 1 477.3864 477.3864 1 477.3864 0 1 0

8.212104 1 8.212104 8.212104 1 8.212104 0 1 0

637.3968 1 637.3968 637.3968 1 637.3968 0 1 0

010010 010

701.5696 1 701.5696 794.8805 1 794.8805 0 1 0

201.8214 1 201.8214 228.6643 1 228.6643 0 1 0

1.510457 1 1.510457 1.711352 1 1.711352 0 1 0217.7142 1 217.7142 229.4492 1 229.4492 0 1 0

341.8582 1 341.8582 359.5109 1 359.5109 0 1 0

682.2979 1 682.2979 717.5301 1 717.5301 0 1 0

56.8818 1 56.8818 59.81904 1 59.81904 0 1 0

22.4829 1 22.4829 23.69475 1 23.69475 0 1 0

37.56637 1 37.56637 39.59123 1 39.59123 0 1 0

920.6057 1 920.6057 968.1435 1 968.1435 0 1 0

392.9242 1 392.9242 413.2138 1 413.2138 0 1 0

5.503775 1 5.503775 5.787977 1 5.787977 0 1 0

17151.87 18371.8 1826.509 1702.358Without T F With TF With TF With TF With TF

NOX_25_G NOX_25_C NOX_25_G P10_2007 P10_2007

_ P10_17_G O P10_17_C F P10_17_G C P10_25_G O P10_25_C F

171.8072 1 171.8072 332.3559 332.3559 288.5348 1 288.5348 282.4892 1

52.78244 1 52.78244 6.894336 6.894336 6.249509 0.9243 5.776421 6.06998 0.9243

43.55344 1 43.55344 43.39138 43.39138 26.00532 1 26.00532 24.64327 1

314.1205 0.9203 289.0851 1.756191 1.756191 2.397903 1 2.397903 2.585991 1

39.07356 1 39.07356 0.229563 0.229563 0.207043 1 0.207043 0.202734 1

0 1 0 0.060284 0.060284 0.054645 1 0.054645 0.053076 1

100.3162 1 100.3162 159.2413 159.2413 164.9422 1 164.9422 164.9422 1

47.50231 1 47.50231 7.990692 7.990692 6.125904 0.9243 5.662173 5.652775 0.9243

13.56223 1 13.56223 3.715423 3.715423 4.039965 1 4.039965 4.054195 1

276.9213 0.9203 254.8506 0.95949 0.95949 1.032421 1 1.032421 1.099623 1

5.190934 1 5.190934 0.026829 0.026829 0.026583 1 0.026583 0.027064 1

9.629557 1 9.629557 0.757785 0.757785 1.083754 1 1.083754 1.144134 1

3.891536 1 3.891536 24.34773 24.34773 15.15524 1 15.15524 14.36029 1

210.0671 1 210.0671 40.314 40.314 31.91297 1 31.91297 27.77554 1

223.4858 1 223.4858 14.16037 14.16037 14.1431 1 14.1431 14.7881 1

72.72376 1 72.72376 0.39243 0.39243 0.274909 1 0.274909 0.271357 1

11.33978 1 11.33978 87.22906 87.22906 95.95197 1 95.95197 102.9303 1

5.276525 1 5.276525 90.10138 90.10138 72.08111 1 72.08111 57.66488 1

1.784875 1 1.784875 11.2821 11.2821 13.53852 1 13.53852 15.34366 1

0.655602 1 0.655602 4.917016 4.917016 5.900419 1 5.900419 6.687142 1

15.20992 1 15.20992 259.7229 259.7229 207.7783 1 207.7783 166.2227 1

5.146154 1 5.146154 32.52858 32.52858 39.0343 1 39.0343 44.23887 1

1.884479 1 1.884479 14.13359 14.13359 16.96031 1 16.96031 19.22169 1

12.86024 1 12.86024 7.614617 7.614617 9.137541 1 9.137541 10.35588 1

1.436347 1 1.436347 33.64008 33.64008 26.91207 1 26.91207 21.52965 1

3.342699 1 3.342699 42.46126 42.46126 46.70739 1 46.70739 50.10429 0.1

4.732525 1 4.732525 14.8232 14.8232 16.30552 1 16.30552 17.49137 1

16.60096 1 16.60096 2.1689 2.1689 2.027206 1 2.027206 2.1879 1

0 1 0 1841.908 1138.893 1285.636 1 1285.636 1444.024 1

0 1 0 2335.447 1444.059 1444.059 1 1444.059 1444.059 1

0 1 0 12.41076 12.41076 11.65668 1 11.65668 11.08095 1

0 1 0 87.91936 87.91936 82.57738 1 82.57738 78.4988 1

0100001001

0 1 0 25.69854 25.69854 24.13709 1 24.13709 22.94494 1

0 1 0 1.743168 1.743168 1.637253 1 1.637253 1.556388 1

010 001001

0 1 0 47.84738 29.5851 31.27825 1 31.27825 32.68946 1

0 1 0 2584.792 1598.235 1689.701 1 1689.701 1765.937 1

0 1 0 1770.707 1094.867 1132.126 1 1132.126 1162.683 1

0 1 0 238.87 238.87 246.4554 1 246.4554 252.6647 1

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

0100001001

0100001001

86.33477 1 86.33477 293.5382 293.5382 293.5382 1 293.5382 293.5382 1

0100001001

010 001001

0 1 0 4876.275 3015.109 3055.859 1 3055.859 3088.799 1010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

010 001001

1704.127 10218.14 10412.25With TF Without T F With TF With TF With TF With TF With TF

P10_25_G C P25_2007 P25_2007

_ P25_17_G O P25_17_C F P25_17_G C P25_25_G O P25_25_C F P25_25_G C SO2_2007

282.4892 146.0407 146.0407 126.7853 1 126.7853 124.1288 1 124.1288 779.5697

5.610483 4.646183 4.646183 4.211626 0.9243 3.892806 4.090639 0.9243 3.780978 127.6951

24.64327 28.80158 28.80158 17.26136 1 17.26136 16.35728 1 16.35728 697.13

2.585991 1.756191 1.756191 2.397903 1 2.397903 2.585991 1 2.585991 0

0.202734 0.189692 0.189692 0.171083 1 0.171083 0.167523 1 0.167523 0.265435

0.053076 0.060284 0.060284 0.054645 1 0.054645 0.053076 1 0.053076 0

164.9422 69.97236 69.97236 72.47737 1 72.47737 72.47737 1 72.47737 373.5145

5.22486 7.151333 7.151333 5.482427 0.9243 5.067407 5.058996 0.9243 4.67603 143.0267

4.054195 1.592896 1.592896 1.732035 1 1.732035 1.738136 1 1.738136 79.82782

1.099623 0.950624 0.950624 1.02288 1 1.02288 1.089462 1 1.089462 1.455986

0.027064 0.022191 0.022191 0.021988 1 0.021988 0.022386 1 0.022386 0.030872

1.144134 0.678061 0.678061 0.969736 1 0.969736 1.023764 1 1.023764 13.58485

14.36029 20.0106 20.0106 12.4556 1 12.4556 11.80225 1 11.80225 76.33957

27.77554 36.0794 36.0794 28.56081 1 28.56081 24.85799 1 24.85799 721.59

14.7881 13.95548 13.95548 13.93845 1 13.93845 14.57413 1 14.57413 1.365952

0.271357 0.313944 0.313944 0.219927 1 0.219927 0.217086 1 0.217086 0.470916

102.9303 87.22906 87.22906 95.95197 1 95.95197 102.9303 1 102.9303 1.478459

57.66488 90.10138 90.10138 72.08111 1 72.08111 57.66488 1 57.66488 1.177796

15.34366 11.2821 11.2821 13.53852 1 13.53852 15.34366 1 15.34366 0.230247

6.687142 4.917016 4.917016 5.900419 1 5.900419 6.687142 1 6.687142 0.096412

166.2227 259.7229 259.7229 207.7783 1 207.7783 166.2227 1 166.2227 3.395071

44.23887 32.52858 32.52858 39.0343 1 39.0343 44.23887 1 44.23887 0.663849

19.22169 14.13359 14.13359 16.96031 1 16.96031 19.22169 1 19.22169 0.277129

10.35588 7.614617 7.614617 9.137541 1 9.137541 10.35588 1 10.35588 0.7963

21.52965 33.64008 33.64008 26.91207 1 26.91207 21.52965 1 21.52965 2.474252

5.010429 42.46126 42.46126 46.70739 1 46.70739 50.10429 0.1 5.010429 3.123056

17.49137 15.30339 15.30339 16.83373 1 16.83373 18.058 1 18.058

2.1879 1.9501 1.9501 1.8227 1 1.8227 1.967183 1 1.967183 0.4052

1444.024 452.1047 279.5464 315.5651 1 315.5651 354.4423 1 354.4423

1444.059 232.0422 143.4769 143.4769 1 143.4769 143.4769 1 143.4769

11.08095 12.03126 12.03126 11.30024 1 11.30024 10.74211 1 10.74211

78.4988 85.1175 85.1175 79.94576 1 79.94576 75.99716 1 75.99716 0

000010010

22.94494 19.52557 19.52557 18.3392 1 18.3392 17.43341 1 17.43341

1.556388 1.473061 1.473061 1.383558 1 1.383558 1.315223 1 1.315223

0 0010010

32.68946 4.784738 2.95851 3.127825 1 3.127825 3.268946 1 3.268946

1765.937 258.4792 159.8235 168.9701 1 168.9701 176.5937 1 176.5937

1162.683 177.0707 109.4867 113.2126 1 113.2126 116.2683 1 116.2683

252.6647 47.77 47.77 49.28694 1 49.28694 50.52872 1 50.52872

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 00100100 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0000100100

0000100100

293.5382 293.5382 293.5382 293.5382 1 293.5382 293.5382 1 293.5382

0000100100

0 0010010

3088.799 975.255 603.0219 611.1719 1 611.1719 617.7598 1 617.75980 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 00100100 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

0 0010010

10616.63 2690.875 2649.006 2610.147 3029.985Currently Currently When Full y When Fully Currently Currently When Full y When Full y Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted

Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil Low S Oil

SO2_17_G O SO2_17_C F SO2_17_G C SO2_17_C F SO2_17_G C SO2_25_G O SO2_25_C F SO2_25_G C SO2_25_C F SO2_25_G C

676.7834 1 676.7834 1 676.7834 662.6031 1 662.6031 1 662.6031

115.7518 1 115.7518 0.005 0.578759 112.4266 1 112.4266 0.005 0.562133

417.8039 1 417.8039 0.25 104.451 395.921 1 395.921 0.25 98.98026

0101001010

0.239396 1 0.239396 1 0.239396 0.234414 1 0.234414 1 0.234414

0 1 0 0.005 0010 0.005 0

386.8863 1 386.8863 1 386.8863 386.8863 1 386.8863 1 386.8863

109.6485 1 109.6485 0.005 0.548243 101.1799 1 101.1799 0.005 0.5059

86.80078 1 86.80078 0.25 21.7002 87.10652 0.25 21.77663 0.25 21.77663

1.566656 1 1.566656 1 1.566656 1.668633 1 1.668633 1 1.668633

0.030589 1 0.030589 1 0.030589 0.031142 1 0.031142 1 0.031142

19.42851 1 19.42851 0.005 0.097143 20.51095 1 20.51095 0.005 0.102555

47.51756 1 47.51756 1 47.51756 45.02508 1 45.02508 1 45.02508

571.2179 1 571.2179 0.005 2.856089 497.1611 0.005 2.485805 0.005 2.485805

1.364286 1 1.364286 1 1.364286 1.426505 1 1.426505 1 1.426505

0.329891 1 0.329891 1 0.329891 0.325629 1 0.325629 1 0.325629

1.626305 1 1.626305 1 1.626305 1.744581 1 1.744581 1 1.744581

0.942237 1 0.942237 1 0.942237 0.753789 1 0.753789 1 0.753789

0.276296 1 0.276296 1 0.276296 0.313136 1 0.313136 1 0.313136

0.115694 1 0.115694 1 0.115694 0.13112 1 0.13112 1 0.13112

2.716057 1 2.716057 1 2.716057 2.172845 1 2.172845 1 2.172845

0.796618 1 0.796618 1 0.796618 0.902834 1 0.902834 1 0.902834

0.332555 1 0.332555 1 0.332555 0.376896 1 0.376896 1 0.376896

0.95556 1 0.95556 1 0.95556 1.082968 1 1.082968 1 1.082968

1.979402 1 1.979402 1 1.979402 1.583522 1 1.583522 1 1.583522

3.435362 1 3.435362 1 3.435362 3.685207 1 3.685207 1 3.685207

0101001010

0.378728 1 0.378728 0.005 0.001894 0.40875 1 0.40875 0.005 0.002044

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

01010010100101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

01010010100101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

01010010100101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

0101001010

2448.924 1765.657y

VOC_2007 VOC_17_G VOC_17_C F VOC_17_G VOC_25_G VOC_25_C F VOC_25_GC

6.737854 5.849468 1 5.849468 5.726906 1 5.726906

0.599508 0.543436 0.6915 0.375786 0.527824 0.6915 0.364991

0010010

0 0 0.8329 0 0 0.8329 0

2.433342 2.194631 1 2.194631 2.148957 1 2.148957

0010010

3.228301 3.343875 1 3.343875 3.343875 1 3.343875

1.141527 0.875129 0.6915 0.605152 0.807539 0.6915 0.558413

0.255359 0.277664 1 0.277664 0.278642 1 0.278642

13.23821 14.24444 0.8329 11.8642 15.17165 0.8329 12.63647

0.283011 0.280421 1 0.280421 0.28549 1 0.28549

0.108424 0.155063 1 0.155063 0.163702 1 0.163702

21.99354 13.68988 1 13.68988 12.97179 1 12.97179

11.8571 9.386199 1 9.386199 8.169305 1 8.169305

12.52123 12.50595 1 12.50595 13.0763 1 13.0763

4.081269 2.859052 1 2.859052 2.822116 1 2.822116

69.85717 76.84289 1 76.84289 82.43147 1 82.43147

156.058 124.8464 1 124.8464 99.87709 1 99.87709

6.90741 8.288892 1 8.288892 9.394078 1 9.394078

3.615453 4.338543 1 4.338543 4.917016 1 4.917016

449.8469 359.8775 1 359.8775 287.902 1 287.902

19.91546 23.89855 1 23.89855 27.08502 1 27.08502

10.39235 12.47082 1 12.47082 14.13359 1 14.13359

0.102026 0.122431 1 0.122431 0.138755 1 0.138755

14.38235 11.50588 1 11.50588 9.204707 1 9.204707

18.15373 19.9691 1 19.9691 21.4214 1 21.4214

20.64809 22.7129 1 22.7129 24.36475 1 24.36475

0.6392 0.597441 1 0.597441 0.644799 1 0.644799

010010

010010

3.004749 2.822181 1 2.822181 2.682791 1 2.682791

10.33824 9.710089 1 9.710089 9.230498 1 9.230498

3.142361 2.951431 1 2.951431 2.805657 1 2.805657

1.481259 1.391258 1 1.391258 1.322542 1 1.322542

0.057713 0.054207 1 0.054207 0.051529 1 0.051529

44.55 41.84314 1 41.84314 39.77647 1 39.77647

010010

010010

010010

010010

600.6503 634.6591 1 634.6591 661.4602 1 661.4602

124.6163 129.7903 1 129.7903 134.0559 1 134.0559

41.89909 41.89909 1 41.89909 41.89909 1 41.8990910.382 10.53617 1 10.53617 10.66096 1 10.66096

36.28948 34.123 1 34.123 32.46748 1 32.46748

37.07546 34.86205 1 34.86205 33.17067 1 33.17067

15.44592 14.27311 1 14.27311 13.38837 1 13.38837

170.2707 181.8951 1 181.8951 191.6584 1 191.6584

285.9714 305.4947 1 305.4947 321.8923 1 321.8923

0010010

11.10334 9.512343 1 9.512343 8.379358 1 8.379358

0.808225 0.750986 1 0.750986 0.707641 1 0.707641

19.12413 17.76976 1 17.76976 16.74413 1 16.74413

149.5395 160.0073 1 160.0073 168.8062 1 168.8062

37.38488 35.87378 1 35.87378 34.70139 1 34.70139

1.744628 1.67411 1 1.67411 1.619398 1 1.619398

60.57347 58.12509 1 58.12509 56.2255 1 56.2255

25.96006 22.24024 1 22.24024 19.59128 1 19.59128

129.4015 124.1711 1 124.1711 120.1131 1 120.1131

294.0944 306.3051 1 306.3051 316.372 1 316.372

128.425 135.6964 1 135.6964 141.4267 1 141.4267

786.5755 668.4948 1 668.4948 584.9133 1 584.9133

544.1885 575.0005 0.98 563.5005 599.2822 0.98 587.2965

186.4252 196.9805 0.98 193.0409 205.2988 0.98 201.1929

324.1797 342.5347 0.98 335.684 356.9996 0.98 349.8596

236.7709 250.1768 0.98 245.1733 260.7416 0.98 255.5267

136.332 144.0511 0.98 141.1701 150.1343 0.98 147.1316

400.5126 423.1897 0.98 414.7259 441.0605 0.98 432.2393

17.44628 18.43408 0.98 18.0654 19.21254 0.98 18.82829

257.4161 257.4161 1 257.4161 257.4161 1 257.4161

69.84666 69.84666 1 69.84666 69.84666 1 69.84666

41.76653 49.62197 0.25 12.40549 48.45878 0.22 10.66093

81.54769 96.88518 0.25 24.2213 94.61408 0.22 20.8151

22.3219 26.5202 0.25 6.63005 25.89854 0.22 5.697678

7.618973 9.051949 0.25 2.262987 8.839761 0.22 1.944747

0.693461 0.823887 0.25 0.205972 0.804574 0.22 0.177006

1.334032 1.584937 0.25 0.396234 1.547784 0.22 0.340512

2.604651 3.094534 0.25 0.773634 3.021995 0.22 0.664839

30.45051 36.17764 0.25 9.044411 35.3296 0.22 7.772511

14.68342 17.44508 0.25 4.36127 17.03615 0.22 3.747952

1.334277 1.585227 0.25 0.396307 1.548068 0.22 0.340575

90.76564 107.8368 1 107.8368 105.309 1 105.309

14.61446 17.36315 1 17.36315 16.95613 1 16.95613

2.839597 3.365348 1 3.365348 3.286947 1 3.286947

0010010

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200.2967 200.2967 1 200.2967 200.2967 1 200.2967

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109.9324 114.6573 1 114.6573 118.5566 1 118.5566

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6674.828 6458.624 6426.089