NASA Technical Memorandum 1998–104566, Vol. 43

SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Stanford B. Hooker and

Elaine R. Firestone, Editors

Volume 43, SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Final Index: Volumes 1–43

Elaine R. Firestone and Stanford B. Hooker

April 1998
NASA Technical Memorandum 1998–104566, Vol. 43

SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Stanford B. Hooker, Editor

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland

Elaine R. Firestone, Technical Editor

General Sciences Corporation

Laurel, Maryland

Volume 43, SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Final Index: Volumes 1–43

Elaine R. Firestone

General Sciences Corporation

Laurel, Maryland

Stanford B. Hooker

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

1998
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Preface

The SeaWiFS Project was officially established at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) on March 29, 1991

with the award of an Ocean Color Data Mission contract to Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). It was

originated as a cooperative effort between the government and industry, and had a spacecraft launch date of 31

July 1993. In this case, GSFC and OSC would share the costs of the mission. GSFC would specify the data that

was needed and buy the research rights to these data, maintaining insight, but not oversight rights, with their

industrial partner. GSFC would also provide calibration and validation for these data. OSC would provide the

spacecraft and instrument, launch services, and spacecraft operations to provide data for five years at a fixed

price of $43 million. OSC would retain the operational and commercial rights to these data. In order to protect

OSC’s data rights, research data release would be delayed, unless timely release is necessary for calibration and

validation activities.

Because of the focus on data products, the Project structure is different from classic flight projects at GSFC.

It is housed within the Earth science organization, where the majority of the staff are scientists. The majority

of the engineering support is matrixed into the organization on an as-needed basis. During the development

and early operations phase, the Project was under team leadership by the Project Manager (an engineer), and

the Project Scientist (an oceanographer). After the spacecraft was launched and it entered routine operations,

the Project management was turned over to the Project Scientist. Data collection is specified by the Mission

Operations Element, who control the SeaWiFS instrument on the spacecraft. The global data are received at

Wallops Flight Facility and are then transferred to GSFC. At GSFC, the Data Processing Element receives these

data and generates standard global ocean color data products. This process includes calibration and validation

of these data and quality assurance, which is provided by the Calibration and Validation Element, which also

includes a Field Program for in situ work. Local area coverage data and back-up global data are also collected

at GSFC. The Project Office Staff provide support and a buffer for the technical staff. The Project Office is

virtually located on the World Wide Web, and that has made coordination of a global project infinitely easier.

The original schedule specified certified data delivery by December 1, 1993. During spacecraft development,

numerous delays were encountered, and data delivery was delayed until December 20, 1997. The delay was

extremely painful for everyone involved, but it did allow for significant refinement and documentation of our

work. This prelaunch technical memorandum series will conclude with this 43rd volume, considerably larger

than was originally anticipated. The excellence of the series was recognized by a NASA Group Achievement

Award presented to the Series Editors, Stanford B. Hooker and Elaine R. Firestone. Although the instrument

was optimized for ocean imaging, the SeaWiFS instrument was modified to decrease stray light effects. That

change allowed the instrument to produce good land imagery as well. With the addition of the land data, the

Project that was tasked with providing regular global ocean color data, was able to produce regular global

biospheric data for the first time in history.

The Project thanks everyone who invested their time and energy in this effort. The research facilitated by

these data will hopefully exceed all expectations—those same expectations that kept everyone going through

the development phase.

“With that said, I will now turn the SeaWiFS Project over to the Project Scientist, Chuck McClain. It has

been a pleasure and an inspiration to work with all of you.”

Greenbelt, Maryland — M. L. Cleave

February 1998 Project Manager

ii
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Abstract

The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) is the follow-on ocean color instrument to the Coastal

Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), which ceased operations in 1986, after an eight-year mission. SeaWiFS was

launched on 1 August 1997, on the OrbView-2 satellite, built by Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The

SeaWiFS Project at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center

(GSFC), undertook the responsibility of documenting all aspects of this mission, which is critical to the ocean

color and marine science communities. This documentation, entitled the SeaWiFS Technical Report Series,

is in the form of NASA Technical Memorandum Number 104566 and 1998–104566. All reports published are

volumes within the series. This particular volume, which is the last of the so-called Prelaunch Series serves as a

reference, or guidebook, to the previous 42 volumes and consists of 6 sections including: an addenda, an errata,

an index to key words and phrases, lists of acronyms and symbols used, and a list of all references cited. The

editors have published a cumulative index of this type after every five volumes. Each index covers the reference

topics published in all previous editions, that is, each new index includes all of the information contained in the

preceeding indexes with the exception of any addenda.

1. INTRODUCTION

This is the seventh, and final volume, in a series of indexes, published as a separate volume in the Sea-viewing

Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Technical Report

Series, and includes information found in the first 42 volumes of the series. The Report Series was written under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s

(NASA) Technical Memorandum (TM) Number 104566

and 1998–104566. The volume numbers, authors, and titles of the volumes covered in this index are:

Vol. 1: Hooker, S.B., W.E. Esaias, G.C. Feldman,

W.W. Gregg, and C.R. McClain, An Overview of SeaWiFS and Ocean Color.

Vol. 2: Gregg, W.W., Analysis of Orbit Selection for

SeaWiFS:Ascending vs. Descending Node.

Vol. 3: McClain, C.R., W.E. Esaias, W. Barnes, B.

Guenther, D. Endres, S.B. Hooker, B.G.

Mitchell, and R. Barnes, SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation Plan.

Vol. 4: McClain, C.R., E. Yeh, and G. Fu, An Analysis of GAC Sampling Algorithms:A Case

Study.

Vol. 5: Mueller, J.L., and R.W. Austin, Ocean Optics

Protocols for SeaWiFS Validation.

Vol. 6: Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, SeaWiFS

Technical Report Series Cumulative Index:

Volumes 1–5.

Vol. 7: Darzi, M., Cloud Screening for Polar Orbiting

Visible and IR Satellite Sensors.

Vol. 8: Hooker, S.B., W.E. Esaias, and L.A. Rexrode, Proceedings of the First SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting.

Vol. 9: Gregg, W.W., F. Chen, A. Mezaache, J.

Chen, and J. Whiting, The Simulated SeaWiFS Data Set.

Vol. 10: Woodward, R.H., R.A. Barnes, W.E. Esaias,

W.L. Barnes, A.T. Mecherikunnel, Modeling

of the SeaWiFS Solar and Lunar Observations.

Vol. 11: Patt, F.S., C.M. Hoisington, W.W. Gregg,

and P.L. Coronado, Analysis of Selected Orbit

Propagation Models.

Vol. 12: Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, SeaWiFS

Technical Report Series Cumulative Index:

Volumes 1–11.

Vol. 13: McClain, C.R., J.C. Comiso, R.S. Fraser, J.K.

Firestone, B.D. Schieber, E-n. Yeh, K.R. Arrigo, and C.W. Sullivan, Case Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 1.

Vol. 14: Mueller, J.L., The First SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment, SIRREX-1,

July 1992.

Vol. 15: Gregg, W.W., F.S. Patt, and R.H. Woodward, The Simulated SeaWiFS Data Set, Version 2.

Vol. 16: Mueller, J.L., B.C. Johnson, C.L. Cromer,

J.W. Cooper, J.T. McLean, S.B. Hooker, and

T.L. Westphal, The Second SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment, SIRREX-2, June 1993.

Vol. 17: Abbott, M.R., O.B. Brown, H.R. Gordon,

K.L. Carder, R.E. Evans, F.E. M ̈uller-Karger,

and W.E. Esaias, Ocean Color in the 21st

Century:A Strategy for a 20 -Year Time Series.

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SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Vol. 18: Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, SeaWiFS

Technical Report Series Summary Index:Volumes 1–17.

Vol. 19: McClain, C.R., R.S. Fraser, J.T. McLean, M.

Darzi, J.K. Firestone, F.S. Patt, B.D. Schieber, R.H. Woodward, E-n. Yeh, S. Mattoo,

S.F. Biggar, P.N. Slater, K.J. Thome, A.W.

Holmes, R.A. Barnes, and K.J. Voss, Case

Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 2.

Vol. 20: Hooker, S.B., C.R. McClain, J.K. Firestone,

T.L. Westphal, E-n. Yeh, and Y. Ge, The SeaWiFS Bio-Optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS), Part 1.

Vol. 21: Acker, J.G., The Heritage of SeaWiFS:A Retrospective on the CZCS NIMBUS Experiment

Team (NET) Program.

Vol. 22: Barnes, R.A., W.L. Barnes, W.E. Esaias, and

C.R. McClain, Prelaunch Acceptance Report

for the SeaWiFS Radiometer.

Vol. 23: Barnes, R.A., A.W. Holmes, W.L. Barnes,

W.E. Esaias, C.R. McClain, and T. Svitek,

SeaWiFS Prelaunch Radiometric Calibration

and Spectral Characterization.

Vol. 24: Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, SeaWiFS

Technical Report Series Summary Index:Volumes 1–23.

Vol. 25: Mueller, J.L., and R.W. Austin, Ocean Optics

Protocols for SeaWiFS Validation, Revision

1.

Vol. 26: Siegel, D.A., M.C. O’Brien, J.C. Sorensen,

D.A. Konnoff, E.A. Brody, J.L. Mueller, C.O.

Davis, W.J. Rhea, and S.B. Hooker, Results

of the SeaWiFS Data Analysis Round-Robin

(DARR-94), July 1994.

Vol. 27: Mueller, J.L., R.S. Fraser, S.F. Biggar, K.J.

Thome, P.N. Slater, A.W. Holmes, R.A.

Barnes, C.T. Weir, D.A. Siegel, D.W. Menzies, A.F. Michaels, and G. Podesta, Case

Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 3.

Vol. 28: McClain, C.R., K.R. Arrigo, W.E. Esaias, M.

Darzi, F.S. Patt, R.H. Evans, J.W. Brown,

C.W. Brown, R.A. Barnes, and L. Kumar,

SeaWiFS Algorithms, Part 1.

Vol. 29: Aiken, J., G.F. Moore, C.C. Trees, S.B. Hooker, and D.K. Clark, The SeaWiFS CZCS-Type

Pigment Algorithm.

Vol. 30: Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, SeaWiFS

Technical Report Series Summary Index:Volumes 1–29.

Vol. 31: Barnes, R.A., A.W. Holmes, and W.E. Esaias, Stray Light in the SeaWiFS Radiometer.

Vol. 32: Campbell, J.W., J.M. Blaisdell, and M. Darzi,

Level-3 SeaWiFS Data Products:Spatial and

Temporal Binning Algorithms.

Vol. 33: Moore, G.F., and S.B. Hooker, Proceedings

of the First SeaWiFS Exploitation Initiative

(SEI) Team Meeting.

Vol. 34: Mueller, J.L., B.C. Johnson, C.L. Cromer,

S.B. Hooker, J.T. McLean, and S.F. Biggar,

The Third SeaWiFS Intercalibration RoundRobin Experiment (SIRREX-3), 19–30 September 1994.

Vol. 35: Robins, D.B., A.J. Bale, G.F. Moore, N.W.

Rees, S.B. Hooker, C.P. Gallienne, A.G. Westbrook, E. Mara ̃n ́on, W.H. Spooner, and S.R.

Laney, AMT-1 Cruise Report and Preliminary Results.

Vol. 36: Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1996: SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index:Volumes 1–35.

Vol. 37: Johnson, B.C., S.S. Bruce, E.A. Early, J.M.

Houston, T.R. O’Brian, A. Thompson, S.B.

Hooker, and J.L. Mueller, 1996: The Fourth

SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment (SIRREX-4), May 1995.

Vol. 38: McClain, C.R., M. Darzi, R.A. Barnes, R.E.

Eplee, J.K. Firestone, F.S. Patt, W.D. Robinson, B.D. Schieber, R.H. Woodward, and E-n.

Yeh, 1996: SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation Quality Control Procedures.

Vol. 39: Barnes, R.A., E-n. Yeh, and R.E. Eplee, 1996:

SeaWiFS Calibration Topics, Part 1.

Vol. 40: Barnes, R.A., R.E. Eplee, Jr., E-n. Yeh, and

W.E. Esaias, 1997: SeaWiFS Calibration Topics, Part 2.

Vol. 41: Yeh, E-n., R.A. Barnes, M. Darzi, L. Kumar,

E.A. Early, B.C. Johnson, and J.L. Mueller,

1997: Case Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration

and Validation, Part 4.

Vol. 42: Falkowski, P.G., M.J. Behrenfeld, W.E. Esaias, W. Balch, J.W. Campbell, R.L. Iverson,

D.A. Kiefer, A. Morel, and J.A. Yoder, 1998:

Satellite Primary Productivity Data and Algorithm Development:A Science Plan for

Mission to Planet Earth.

Vol. 43: Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1998: SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index.

This final volume serves as a reference, or guidebook,

to the entire Prelaunch Series. It consists of the four main

sections included with the all of the indexes published: a

cumulative index to key words and phrases, a glossary of

acronyms, a list of symbols used, and a bibliography of

all references cited in the series. In addition, as in some

2
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

of the other index volumes, an errata section has been

added to address issues and needed corrections which have

come to the editors’ attention since the volumes were first

published. Also, an addenda section has been added to

include the proceedings of various workshops, which are

too short in length to warrant a separate volume within

the series.

The nomenclature of the index is a familiar one, in

the sense that it is a sequence of alphabetical entries, but

it utilizes a unique format since multiple volumes are involved. Unless indicated otherwise, the index entries refer

to some aspect of the SeaWiFS instrument or project, for

example, the mission overview index entry refers to an

overview of the SeaWiFS mission. An index entry is composed of a keyword or phrase followed by an entry field

that directs the reader to the possible locations where a

discussion of the keyword can be found. The entry field

is normally made up of a volume identifier shown in bold

face, followed by a page identifier, which is always enclosed

in parentheses:

keyword, volume(pages).

If an entry is the subject of an entire volume, the volume

field is shown in slanted type without a page field:

keyword, Vol. #.

An entry can also be the subject of a complete chapter. In

this instance, both the volume number and chapter number

appear without a page field:

keyword, volume(ch. #).

Figures or tables that provide particularly important summary information are also indicated as separate entries in

the page field (even if they fall within an already specified

page range). In this case, the figure or table number is

given with the page number on which it appears.

keyword, volume(Fig. # p. #).

or

keyword, volume(Table # p. #).

2. ERRATA

Note: Since the issuance of previous volumes, a number of the references cited have changed their publication

status, e.g., they have gone from “submitted” or “in press”

to printed matter. In other instances, some part (or parts)

of the citation, e.g., the title or year of publication, has

changed or was printed incorrectly. Listed below are the

references in question as they were cited in one or more of

the first 42 volumes in the series, along with how they now

appear in the references section of this volume.

Original Citation

Behrenfeld, M.J., and P.G. Falkowski, 1997: A consumers guide to primary productivity models. Limnol. Oceanogr., (submitted).

Revised Citation

Behrenfeld, M.J., and P.G. Falkowski, 1997: A consumers guide to primary productivity models. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1,479–1,491.

Original Citation

Bidigare, R.R., L. Campbell, M.E. Ondrusek, R. Letelier, D. Vaulot and D.M. Karl, 1995: Phytoplankton

community structure at station ALOHA (22◦ 45’ N,

158◦ W) during fall 1991. Deep-Sea Res., (submitted).

Revised Citation

Andersen, R.A., R.R. Bidigare, M.D. Keller, and M.

Latasa, 1996: A comparison of HPLC pigment signatures and electron microscopic observations for

oligotrophic waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Deep-Sea Res., 43, 517–537.

Original Citation

Carder, K.L., S.K. Hawes, and Z. Lee, 1996: SeaWiFS

algorithm for chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter in subtropical environments. J. Geophys. Res., (submitted).

Revised Citation

Carder, K.L., S.K. Hawes, Z. Lee, and F.R. Chen

1997: MODIS Ocean Science Team Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document Case 2 chlorophyll a.

ATBD-Mod. 19, Version 4, 15 August 1997 [World

Wide Web page.] From URL: http://ltpwww.gsfc

.nasa.gov/MODIS/MODIS.html NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.

Original Citation

Early, E.A., and B.C. Johnson, 1996: Calibration and

Characterization of the Goddard Space Flight Center Sphere. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space

Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, (accepted).

Revised Citation

Early, E.A., and B.C. Johnson, 1997: “Calibration

and Characterization of the GSFC Sphere.” In: En. Yeh, R.A. Barnes, M. Darzi, L. Kumar, E.A.

Early, B. Carol Johnson, J.L. Mueller, and C.C.

Trees, 1997: Case Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 4 NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 41, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone,

Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 3–17.

Original Citation

Johnson, B.C., C.L. Cromer, and J.B. Fowler, 1996:

The SeaWiFS Transfer Radiometer (SXR). NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland, (accepted).

3
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Revised Citation

Johnson, B.C., C.L. Cromer, and J.B. Fowler, 1998:

The SeaWiFS Transfer Radiometer (SXR). SeaWiFS PostLaunch Technical Report Series, S.B.

Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, (accepted).

Original Citation

Proctor, J., and Y.P. Barnes, 1996: NIST High Accuracy Reference Reflectometer-spectrophotometer.

J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 101, (accepted).

Revised Citation

Proctor, J., and Y.P. Barnes, 1996: NIST High Accuracy Reference Reflectometer-spectrophotometer.

J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 101, 619–627.

Original Citation

Soffer, R.J., J.W. Harron, and J.R. Miller, 1995: Characterization of Kodak grey cards as reflectance reference panels in support of BOREAS field activities.

Proc. Canadian Remote Sens. Symp., (submitted).

Revised Citation

Soffer, R.J., J.W. Harron and J.R. Miller, 1995: Characterization of Kodak grey cards as reflectance reference panels in support of BOREAS field activities. Proc. 17th Canadian Symp. Remote Sens.,

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canadian Remote Sensing Society, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, 357–362.

3. ADDENDA

This section presents a summary of the SeaWiFS Biooptical Algorithm Mini-workshop (SeaBAM) which was

held 21–24 January 1997; submitted by C. McClain. In

addition, it presents a summary of the proceedings from

the Second SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting held at the

Omni Hotel in Baltimore, Maryland, 6–8 January 1998.

3.1 SeaBAM Abstract

One of the primary goals of the SeaWiFS Project is to

routinely generate global chlorophyll a and Coastal Zone

Color Scanner (CZCS) pigment concentrations with an accuracy of ±35% (Hooker et al. 1992). Since its inception

in 1991, the SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation Program

has undertaken a number of initiatives to help ensure that

this goal is met, e.g., measurement protocol development,

calibration round-robins, a bio-optical data archive, and

bio-optical algorithm workshops. After the seventh biooptical algorithm workshop held in Halifax, Nova Scotia

on 21 October 1996, it was clear that algorithm and data

quality issues remained that could not be adequately addressed in the standard workshop format. A more interactive analysis (data sets and algorithms) workshop was

deemed necessary in order to focus on specific problems.

As a result, the first SeaWiFS Bio-optical Algorithm Miniworkshop (SeaBAM) was hosted by D. Siegel at the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) during 21–

24 January 1997. This chapter provides an overview of the

workshop background, organization, approach, and results

from the workshop and other associated activities.

3.1.1 Introduction

The rationale behind the CZCS pigment product (chlorophyll a plus phaeophytin) is to provide a data set that

can be compared to products derived from CZCS for studies of decadal scale variability. Early comparisons of in

situ and CZCS global products (Balch et al. 1992) indicated that this goal was feasible for most of the global

ocean. Subsequent studies, however, noted significant differences even in clear water environments (Arrigo et al.

1994). The CZCS algorithm was based on 55 bio-optical

stations in coastal US waters (Clark 1981; usually referred

to as the Nimbus Experiment Team, or NET, data set)

and even by 1991, that data set was the only data set generally available for algorithm development. As a result,

the SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation Program initiated several activities directed at improving the quality

of bio-optical data collected by the ocean optics community. These activities included the establishment of measurement protocols (Mueller and Austin 1992 and 1995),

the SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiments

(SIRREXs, e.g., Johnson et al. 1996), the SeaWiFS Biooptical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS; Hooker et

al. 1994), the SeaWiFS Transfer Radiometer (SXR) and

the SeaWiFS Quality Monitor (SQM, Shaw et al. 1996,

Hooker and Aiken 1998, and Johnson et al. 1998). In addition, seven bio-optical algorithm workshops have been

held, brief proceedings of which are published in the SeaWiFS Technical Report Series cumulative indexes Volumes

12, 18, 24, and 36 (Firestone and Hooker 1993, 1994, 1995,

and 1996).

The bio-optical algorithm workshops have been open

events and have provided a forum for presentation and

detailed discussions on protocols, data collection, and algorithm issues. Early in the deliberations on algorithm development, it was decided to avoid switching algorithms,

such as was used in the global CZCS reprocessing (Gordon et al. 1983) and to use a semi-analytical chlorophyll

algorithm. Switching algorithms tend to produce bimodal

frequency distributions as an artifact of the switching logic

(Denman and Abbott 1988 and M ̈uller-Karger et al. 1990).

Semi-analytical algorithms (Carder et al. 1991, Garver and

Siegel 1997, and Carder et al. 1997) would allow more

physical insight into the optical processes that determine

oceanic reflectance, thus providing a mechanism for incorporating strategies to account for regional and temporal

variability in the algorithm.

4
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

The discussions at the workshops were very constructive in highlighting the differences in perceptions and approaches to algorithm development. The CZCS pigment

product, for example, raised several questions. Should

the algorithm be chlorophyll a, or chlorophyll a plus phaeophytin [as it was just as easy to develop an empirical algorithm for chlorophyll a (Aiken et al. 1995)]. If just chlorophyll a, why is a CZCS pigment product needed? Should

the CZCS pigment product be based only on CZCS bands

(SeaWiFS equivalents), and should it be derived using a

CZCS atmospheric correction? The issue is that if the

CZCS atmospheric correction scheme (uses 670 nm) and

bio-optical band limitations (443, 520, and 550 nm) introduce a systematic bias in the pigment product that

is not reproduced in subsequent ocean color data sets,

the interpretation of decadal-scale change will be compromised. Another question is what measurements of pigments should be used in defining the CZCS pigment product given the evolution in measurement techniques [fluorometric, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),

etc.], and is consistency with the original NET CZCS data

set necessary? In the end, the general concensus, though

not unanimous, was to continue using the original product

definition, but to use the best algorithms possible, i.e., the

SeaWiFS atmospheric correction and no restriction on the

bands to be used for the bio-optical algorithms.

With regard to the bio-optics subgroup’s recommendation to pursue semi-analytical algorithms for operational

use, it has become clear that the existing semi-analytical

algorithms are limited to Case-1, relatively low pigment

waters. The main issues are a paucity of data on scattering and the variability in spectral absorption. While new

methods and instrumentation for measuring the backscattering coefficient hold promise, little is currently available.

Also, the measurement of spectral absorption, let alone a

way of parameterizing its variability, remains an issue. In

response to this problem, the SeaWiFS Calibration and

Validation Program funded a workshop at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, hosted by G. Mitchell and A.

Bricaud in December 1996, to compare and evaluate different methods. The results of the workshop are not available

as yet; thus, at the present time, the semi-analytical algorithms are inherently empirical, at a different level, and

some resort to strictly empirical relationships at high concentrations (Carder et al. 1997). The limitations, at the

present time, reside in the determination of the various absorption and backscattering coefficients, i.e., measurement

methodologies, parameterizations, etc. Despite these limitations, semi-analytical algorithms do generate reasonable

chlorophyll a values for most of the global ocean as well

as a number of other quantities that could be routinely

produced by the SeaWiFS Project, if required by the science community. Also, they can be easily adapted to any

combination of wavelengths commensurate with any satellite sensor. Therefore, whether or not the initial SeaWiFS

algorithms are semi-analytical, their development should

continue because the original rationale remains valid and

justified.

Finally, another issue which complicates the algorithm

evaluation process stems from differences in reflectance

measurement methodologies, i.e., above- versus below surface. Both methods have limitations. Above-surface measurements are contaminated by skylight, glint, polarization, and plaque bidirectional reflectance effects. Belowsurface measurements require absolute radiance calibrations, an extrapolation through the air–sea interface, and a

correction for instrument self-shading in turbid water. The

Carder et al. (1997) algorithm uses above-surface measurements, but the bulk of the data available for independent

algorithm verification are below-surface observations. No

systematic comparison of the two methods has been conducted; the protocol for making above-surface reflectance

measurements (Mueller and Austin 1995) is considered by

many to be inadequate. The SeaWiFS Project sponsored

a workshop on Case-2 measurement protocols in the spring

of 1996 (Firestone and Hooker 1996) with the objective of

refining the existing protocols, but the workshop coordinators have not completed the document that was outlined at

the meeting. The Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for

Biological and Interdisciplinary Studies (SIMBIOS) Project plans to sponsor focused field experiments designed to

clarify, and hopefully, resolve this issue.

After the seventh bio-optical algorithm meeting in October 1996, it was clear that convergence on the operational algorithms was not happening in a satisfactory manner. Indeed, the primary candidate algorithms for chlorophyll a (Carder et al. 1997) and CZCS pigment (Aiken et

al. 1995) were seriously inconsistent at moderate and high

concentrations, i.e., chlorophyll a CZCS pigment. It is

with all the above-mentioned considerations in mind that

SeaBAMwas initiated. The consensus was that further

progress would result only if the participants work collectively with open access to data and codes (data processing

and algorithm codes) in a similar fashion to the data analysis round-robin held at UCSB in 1994 (Siegel et al. 1995c).

The following sections outline the workshop strategy including pre- and post-workshop activities and a summary

of the findings derived as a result of the SeaBAMprocess.

It is the philosophy of the SeaWiFS Project not to develop

the operational algorithms, but to expedite algorithm development via whatever mechanisms are possible and to

provide an independent and objective evaluation. From

the SeaWiFS Project’s perspective, SeaBAMhas achieved

more than was initially hoped for because of the enthusiasm and openness of all the participants. Data and software were freely exchanged, errors were revealed and corrected (without angst), and substantial improvements in

almost all the evaluated algorithms were made. Last, but

not least, a consistent set of chlorophyll a and CZCS pigment algorithms were identified using a large bio-optical

data set representing a diversity of bio-optical provinces.

5
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Table 1. Participants in SeaBAMheld 21–24 January 1997 at UCSB in Santa Barbara, California.

Participants Affiliation

K. Carder Univ. of South Florida

S. Garver† Univ. of California, Santa Barbara

S. Hawes Univ. of South Florida

M. Kahru Scripps Institution of Oceanography

S. Maritorena SeaWiFS Project, NASA/GSFC

C. McClain SeaWiFS Project, NASA/GSFC

G. Mitchell Scripps Institution of Oceanography

G. Moore Plymouth Marine Laboratory

J. Mueller San Diego State University

J. O’Rielly NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service

D. Siegel Univ. of California, Santa Barbara

B. Schieber SeaWiFS Project, NASA/GSFC

† S. Garver is now affiliated with California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California.

3.1.3 Objectives and Approach

Given that the primary objective was to finalize and

deliver the operational SeaWiFS chlorophyll a and CZCS

pigment algorithms in a relatively short time, it was agreed

by the participants (Table 1) that a successful workshop

would require a substantial amount of pre-workshop preparation, and the free and rapid dissemination of data, code,

and results. It also required that all those involved be

willing to assist one another, work out problems and differences of opinion internally, and to recognize that all

options were open with regard to the final algorithm selections. The strategy was to have a balanced, but small,

group of participants, including representatives from the

SeaWiFS Project and others who had been active in the

bio-optics subgroup as algorithm developers (empirical and

semi-analytic), and bio-optical data providers. It was also

agreed that D. Siegel would host the workshop at UCSB

and that he would assume responsibility for providing a

workshop environment that efficiently accommodated both

group discussion and presentation sessions and a heterogenous computing and data storage environment. GSFC

would coordinate pre- and post-workshop activities including maintenance of an access-restricted SeaBAMweb page

where data, results, and electronic mail (e-mail) would be

posted and archived. Both S. Maritorena (GSFC) and S.

Garver (UCSB) had been developing data sets of waterleaving radiances (and other related quantities) with associated pigment data for the purposes of independent evaluation and algorithm development, respectively (Garver

and Siegel 1997 and O’Reilly et al. 1998). They would

continue the refinement and expansion of these data sets,

coordinate their activities, e.g., exchange data, in preparation for the mini-workshop, and provide the data sets to

the other participants. The initial version of the O’Reilly

et al. data set, which was presented at the Halifax workshop, consisted of approximately 90–100 clear-sky stations.

It was agreed that this condition was too restrictive and

that other data should be incorporated. Finally, it was

agreed that all groups would provide documentation on

their evaluations, and results would be combined into a

SeaWiFS technical memorandum.

To establish a framework for SeaBAM, an initial set of

issues, tasks and goals were outlined, which included the

following:

1) Settle on the definition of “CZCS pigments.” This

question is the result of the differences in measurement methodologies.

2) Establish a clear definition of accuracy and identify

the appropriate statistical parameter(s) for quantification of accuracy as it applies to algorithms.

3) Establish criteria for final selection of the “best”

algorithm for both pigment parameters.

4) Identify the algorithms to be compared and identify

probable reasons for differences. Ultimately, the algorithms included the following:

a) Aiken et al. (1995);

b) Carder et al. (1997);

c) Clark (1997);

d) Garver and Siegel (1997);

e) Mitchell and Kahru (Calfornia Cooperative Fisheries Institute [CalCOFI], unpublished);

f) Morel (1996);

g) New empirical (e.g., one based on the evaluation

data set);

h) Gordon et al. (1983);

i) Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS)

operational chlorophyll a; and

j) Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s

Reflectance (POLDER) operational algorithm.

5) Establish data set selection guidelines. Considerations included:

a) Blending of HPLC pigments with fluorometric

pigments;

6
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

b) SeaWiFS measurement protocols compliance;

c) Blending of in-water and above-water estimates

of Rrs or LWN ; and

d) Consistency in analyses used to derive LW from

in-water measurements.

6) Select the data sets to be used for the comparisons.

The individual data sets were:

a) Carder et al. (above-water observations);

b) Garver and Siegel (in-water observations);

c) O’Reilly et al. evaluation data set (in-water observations); and

d) Mitchell and Kahru (CalCOFI, in-water observations)

All issues were eventually addressed.

3.1.4 The UCSB Meeting

Prior to the workshop, a global evaluation data set was

assembled by combining a number of data sets contributed,

primarily, by the participants. J. O’Reilly and S. Maritorena used this data set to complete an initial comparison of all algorithms prior to the meeting. The first day of

the meeting consisted of briefings by all of the groups to

provide updates on all preparations and results stemming

from pre-workshop activities. During the presentations,

an issues and analysis action item list was developed and

reviewed at the end of the session. Thereafter, the groups

conducted hands-on analyses to address the action items

and periodically reconvened to report their progress and

register any additional issues that needed to be tracked.

On the last day, a plenary session was held to review the

final status of all action items and to outline the postworkshop activities and schedule. To provide some insight

into what the action items were and how they were resolved, several are described in Section 3.1.6.

3.1.5 Final Results and Conclusions

As discussed above, all the original issues were addressed, as well as a number of others that developed during SeaBAM. Conducting algorithm development in this

fashion greatly expedited resolution of many questions.

Most of the algorithms and the evaluation data set were

improved as a result of SeaBAM. The most important results are the final recommendations on the operational SeaWiFS algorithms which are summarized below.

1. Chlorophyll a: Because the evaluation data set has the

most bio-optical diversity of the data sets listed above, and

was quality controlled and processed in a consistent manner (O’Reilly et al. 1998), it was used to obtain the “best”

algorithm possible. Therefore, it evolved from being an

independent data set to one used to develop empirical algorithms as well. Not only were all final versions of the

algorithms as submitted by the developers considered, but

also, for the empirical algorithms, these and other algorithmic forms (band ratio combinations) were fit to the

evaluation data to see what improvements were possible.

The algorithm that gave the best overall result, based on

the selection criteria outlined in O’Reilly et al. (1998), uses

only a ratio of 490 nm to 555 nm, i.e.,

C = −0.040 + 10(0.341−3.001X+2.811X2−2.041X3)

, (1)

where C is defined as chlorophyll a pigment concentration,

and where

X = log10

Rrs(490)

Rrs(555). (2)

This result is consistent with the Aiken et al. (1995) finding

that a 490:555 band ratio yielded the highest correlation

(R2 = 0.95) for the data sets in their analysis.

2. CZCS pigment: As discussed in O’Reilly et al. (1998),

there are a number of options for this product, not all

of which follow the original guideline of using an algorithm that uses only the CZCS bands. Clearly, there

should be reasonable consistency between the two pigment products. Also, an evaluation data set for CZCS,

comparable to the one just completed for SeaWiFS,

needs to be generated. For the at-launch algorithm, the

recommendation is the following relationship which is

based on a empirical relationship of chlorophyll a, and

chlorophyll a plus phaeophytin, concentrations derived

from the SeaBASS pigment database, i.e.,

CZCSpigment = 1.34 C0.98. (3)

It is important to note that the SeaWiFS Project plans

to periodically reprocess the entire SeaWiFS data set as

algorithms (atmospheric, bio-optical, mask, and flag), sensor calibration, and product suites are updated. Thus, it

is critical that the SeaBAMactivity be continued.

3.1.6 Workshop Action Items

In order to emphasize the benefits of conducting workshops that are oriented around data analysis and real-time

algorithm evaluation, the following list of results stemming

from action items are provided below. This meeting format expedited, even forced, the resolution of questions and

issues, usually at the meeting. In the typical meeting format, questions often go unresolved resulting in continued

debate and misunderstanding.

Action Item: 1. State succinctly the practical definitions of CZCS pigments and chlorophyll a with rationale for the choices.

Definition of CZCS pigment: A fluorometric pigment concentration (chlorophyll a plus phaeopigments) that can be

calculated using bands comparable to the CZCS wavelengths (443, 520, and 550). Note that the SeaWiFS protocols need to be more detailed on this topic. The purpose

7
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

of generating this product is to provide a means of comparing products that can be derived from CZCS to those

from later missions for examining decadal scale variability.

Restricting the algorithm to the CZCS wavelengths minimizes biases introduced in the products that are artifacts

of the algorithm form. It is assumed that the global CZCS

data set will be reprocessed using an updated pigment algorithm that is consistent with the SeaWiFS pigment algorithm. S. Maritorena will evaluate the assumption that

the differences between fluorometric and HPLC bio-optical

data sets are indistinquishable using the evaluation data

set.

The issue of how to validate the reprocessed CZCS

products using simultaneous measurements was discussed.

Given that algorithms being developed at this time are

based on different pigment measurement methodologies

which yield different values, validation using historical data

will require some adjustment in the historical values.

Status: Post-workshop examination of the SeaBASS data

sets showed that there are a very limited number of stations available having the CZCS bands and chlorophyll a

plus phaeophytin concentrations on which to base a global

algorithm (O’Reilly et al. 1998) and alternative strategies

are outlined in O’Reilly et al. (1998).

Definition of Chlorophyll a: Any fluorometric or HPLC

concentration identified as chlorophyll a by the provider.

While there are differences in the values obtained by the

two techniques, globally the difference has been shown to

be of the order of 10% (analysis by C. Trees). Also, at least

for the time being, both HPLC and fluorometric data have

been combined in order to have a data set sufficiently large,

with enough diversity, to cover the broad range of chlorophyll concentrations required for development of a general

chlorophyll algorithm. Debate continues as to what pigments should be, or are being, summed and reported as

“chlorophyll” concentration in the data sets being submitted to SeaBASS.

Status: Because other sources of variability in the biooptical data sets (e.g., data processing methods and calibration) have been found to be as great, and in order to

have enough data over a large dynamic range to develop

and evaluate algorithms, this definition was adopted.

Action Item 2. Reconcile the differences in the LW

spectral shapes of CalCOFI-2, as obtained independently by S. Garver and M. Kahru. The problem is

an elevated shoulder at 490 nm relative to 443 nm in

the Kahru analysis.

Status: The anomalous spectral shoulder was found to be

a typographical error in a table used in the transformation

of subsurface Lu(443) to the above-surface LW (443).

Action Item 3. Resolve a problem S. Garver and D.

Siegel observed with some of C. Trees’ North Atlantic

Bloom Experiment (NABE) optical data.

Status: J. Mueller checked the scaling factor Garver and

Siegel were using and the problem was a misinterpretation

of the scaling factor format. NABE is consistent with other

data sets.

Action Item 4. Determine the reason why the 412 nm

surface reference values in G. Cota’s Resolute Bay data

are inconsistent with values in the profile data (a 2–4

fold difference was found in all profiles for all three

cruises, each in a different year).

Status: G. Cota was contacted and will try to develop a

time series of his calibration data. The 412 nm filters were

replaced in both instruments after the 1995 field campaign.

As a result, the 1994 and 1995 data were excluded from

the evaluation data set, but the 1996 data were retained.

Action Item 5. Verify a constant offset between the

evaluation data set and D. Clark’s algorithm (the algorithm had the highest R2 when compared with the

evaluation data set).

Status: J. Mueller and S. Maritorena spoke with D. Clark

after the workshop. The source of the offset could not

be readily identified, so further evaluation of the Clark

algorithm was deferred until an update is made available.

Action Item 6. Examine the impact of data with 565 nm

rather than 555 nm on the algorithm comparisons. The

World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the

early Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Station (BATS)

data have 565 nm measurements rather than 555 nm.

Both data sets are from low pigment waters. Given the

significant slope in water absorption spectrum at these

wavelengths, the data should be corrected or omitted

from the SeaWiFS algorithm evaluations.

Status: S. Maritorena analyzed several data sets and derived a correction factor for transforming 565 nm to 555 nm

radiances. The corrected data were retained in the evaluation data set.

Action Item 7. Investigate what appears to be anomalous 412 nm data in J. Marra’s WOCE data set. Some

412 nm data appears to be very high, even for very clear

water.

Status: J. Mueller did the calibration on J. Marra’s marine

environmental radiometer (MER) and followed up on this

question. As a result, the 1991 data was removed from the

evaluation data set because of concerns about the calibration, but the data from 1993 and 1994 were retained.

3.2 SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting

The Second SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting was held

at the Omni Hotel in Baltimore, Maryland, 6–8 January

1998. The team members and invited guests are listed in

Table 2.

8
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

The objectives of the meeting were to:

1) Heighten the awareness of the science team as to

the organization and functionality of the SeaWiFS

Project,

2) Inform the science team of the quality and availability of the SeaWiFS data set, and

3) Encourage information exchange and collaboration

among science team members.

The first day was dedicated to briefings by members of

the SeaWiFS Project, and other related activities. The remainder of the meeting consisted of break-out sessions on

a variety of topics so as to get input from the science community and to help focus on particular issues confronting

the Project and the NASA Biogeochemistry Program. All

investigators were invited to display posters in the foyer of

the meeting complex for the entire duration of the meeting;

most investigators took advantage of the opportunity.

A. Tuesday Morning: General Session

1. Introductory Talks

a. Welcome and Meeting Schedule/Objectives (C.

McClain)

b. Meeting Logistics (G. Valenti)

c. NASA Biogeochemistry Program Status and HQ

Perspective (J. Campbell)

d. Overview of science team investigations (J.

Campbell)

2. Project Report

a. SeaWiFS Project Overview (M. Cleave)

b. Data Processing Overview (G. Feldman)

c. Calibration and Validation Program Overview

(C. McClain)

d. Real-Time Cruise Support (A. Isaacman)

B. Tuesday Afternoon

1. Project Reports (continued)

a. Project Science (C. McClain)

b. Science Team Working Groups and Executive

Council (C. McClain)

c. Report by the GSFC Distributed Active Archive

Center (DAAC) (G. Leptoukh)

d. Discussion on SeaWiFS Data Policy (M. Cleave)

2. Reports from Other Projects

a. MODIS (W. Esaias)

b. SIMBIOS Project (C. McClain)

c. SeaWiFS Data Applications in Other Disciplines

i. Land (C.J. Tucker)

ii. Clouds (M. Wang)

iii. Smoke Index (E. Vermote)

C. Wednesday Morning: Working Sessions

1. General Plenary and Organization Session (C. McClain)

2. Break-out session on algorithm performance and

product validation (Chair: C. McClain)

3. SeaDAS and SeaBASS updates and demonstrations

(Chair: M. Darzi)

4. Break-out session of the Primary Productivity

Working Group (Chair: W. Esaias)

D. Wednesday Afternoon

1. Break-out session on revising the archive product

suite (Chair: G. Feldman)

2. SeaDAS and SeaBASS updates and demonstrations

(Chair: M. Darzi)

3. Break-out session of the Executive Council (Chair:

J. Campbell)

E. Thursday Morning

1. General session on science team coordination and

organization (Chair: J. Campbell)

2. General session on OCTS and CZCS reprocessing

(Chair: J. Yoder)

3. Meeting wrap-up and break-out session summaries

(Chair: C. McClain)

4. Break-out session reports

a. Algorithm evaluation (C. McClain)

b. Primary Productivity (W. Esaias)

c. Data products (G. Feldman and M. Darzi)

d. CZCS and OCTS processing (J. Yoder)

e. Working groups and team coordination (J.

Campbell and C. McClain)

f. Executive Council (C. McClain)

3.2.1 SeaWiFS Executive Council

Because of the size of the Science Team, both NASA

HQ and the SeaWiFS Project felt that a smaller group

to serve as advisors to the SeaWiFS Project and the Biogeochemistry Program was needed. Specifically, the group

would:

1) Work with the Ocean Biogeochemistry Program

(OBP) Manager to represent the SeaWiFS Science

Team interests within NASA and at the national

and international program levels;

2) Preserve, promote, and wherever possible, expand

mission science goals;

3) Foster interaction between the SeaWiFS Project and

the science community;

4) Enhance public awareness of scientific results derived from SeaWiFS data products;

5) Provide timely advice on issues concerning the Project, e.g., data products;

6) Present science community issues and desires to the

Project and the OBP;

7) Assist in representing the Project and the OBP at

national and international meetings; and

9
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Table 2. The team members of the Second SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting, held 6–8 January 1998 at the

Omni Hotel in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants are identified with a checkmark ().

Team Present Team Present Team Present Team Present

Members Members Members Members

S. Ackleson  P. Falkowski  D. Kiefer J. O’Reilly 

R. Arnone  M. Fang M. Kishino D. Robinson 

K. Arrigo  R. Frouin  O. Kopelevich K. Shifrin 

R. Barber H. Fukushima  R. Kudela  D. Siegel 

M. Behrenfeld  S. Gallegos  J. Marra  H. Sosik 

R. Bidigare  C. Garcias  J. Marshall P. Stegmann 

J. Bisagni  G. Gaxiola-Castro  C. McClain  A. Thomas 

J. Bishop  R. Glazman  D. McGillicuddy  U. Unl ̈  ̈ uata

P. Bissett  D. Glover  A. Miller C. Vorosmarty 

J. Brock  J. Gower  B.G. Mitchell  A. Weidemann 

C. Brown  W. Gregg  B. Monger  C. Yentsch 

J. Campbell  D. Halpern  A. Morel  J. Yoder 

M-E. Carr  L. Harding  J. Mueller  S. Yvon-Lewis 

P. Coble  E. Hofmann  F. M ̈uller-Karger  E. Zalewski 

G. Cota  F. Hoge R. Najjar  J.R. Zaneveld 

A. Cracknell  J. Irish  J. Nelson  G. Zibordi 

C. Davis R. Iturriaga  N. Nelson 

S. Doney P. Kamykowski J. Nihoul

W. Esaias  L. Kantha  P. Niiler (J. Moison) 

8) Serve as liaisons to other science programs on behalf

of the SeaWiFS Project and the OBP.

The initial Executive Council membership is meant to

represent a cross-section of the science team with flexible

tenures based on participation and interest. The members include representatives from NASA activities and the

larger ocean color community (Table 3).

3.2.2 Working Groups

The SeaWiFS Science Team, consisting of 88 members,

represents a large community with diverse scientific interests. Since the whole team will meet at most once a year

(probably less frequently), most activities within the team

will need to be carried out by smaller working groups.

A number of focus areas were identified that had sufficient interest to warrant the formation of a working group,

and a leader was appointed who will be responsible for soliciting members and coordinating the first meeting of the

group. Working groups will meet as frequently as necessary to carry out their respective goals. Reports from the

various working groups will be presented at SeaWiFS Science Team meetings as appropriate.

The purpose of a working group is to facilitate team

interaction and coordination in an area of special interest.

There are two types of working groups:

1) Formal working groups whose objectives are necessary for the SeaWiFS Project; and

2) Ad hoc working groups whose objectives are largely

of value to its members.

Working groups focusing on regional activites would be ad

hoc, whereas groups such as the Ocean Primary Productivity Working Group (OPPWG) belong to the former. Ad

hoc working groups can be more flexible in terms of how

frequently they meet or whether their activities are largely

carried out via electronic mail. Formal working groups

will act in an advisory capacity to the SeaWiFS Project,

and will be expected to make formal recommendations on

issues to be decided by the Science Team.

At this time, the OPPWG is the only formal working

group. The identified ad hoc groups are the following (the

chairs are listed in parentheses):

a) Modeling and Data Assimilation (E. Hofmann)

b) CZCS Reprocessing (J. Yoder)

c) Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank (A. Thomas)

d) North Atlantic (D. Siegel)

e) Continental Margins (F. M ̈uller-Karger)

f) Eastern North Pacific and Gulf of Alaska (B.G.

Mitchell)

g) Absorption and Pigments (B.G. Mitchell and R.

Bidigare)

h) Surface photosynthetically available radiation

(PAR) (J. Bishop)

i) Biogenic Gas Fluxes (to be determined)

3.2.2.1 Ad Hoc Group Descriptions

The following descriptions of two of the ad hoc working

groups were provided by their chairs.

10
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Table 3. Participants in SeaWiFS Executive Council Meeting held during the SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting

in January 1998, in Baltimore, Maryland.

Participants Affiliation

NASA Members J. Cambell NASA HQ

W. Esaias MODIS Project

C. McClain SeaWiFS Project

External Members R. Barber Duke University

J. Brock NOAA

M.E. Carr Jet Propulsion Laboratory

P. Falkowski Brookhaven National Laboratory

E. Hoffmann Old Dominion University

B.G. Mitchell Scripps Institution of Oceanography

D. Siegel Univ. of California, Santa Barbara

A. Thomas Univ. of Maine

C. Yentsch Bigelow Laboratory

J. Yoder Univ. of Rhode Island

1. Gulf of Maine Ocean Color

Working Group

The Gulf of Maine Ocean Color Working Group was

formed at the January 1998 SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting, as a forum in which ocean color interests with a geographic focus on the greater Gulf of Maine region could

communicate. The purpose of the Working Group will

be interactive and elastic, defined by the Working Group

members. The overall goals are to:

1) Facilitate communication among principal investigators carrying out ocean color related research in

the Gulf of Maine region; and

2) Where possible or desirable, foster collaboration

(i.e., share geographically specific knowledge, data

sets, and onerous data processing and archiving

tasks).

As initial goals, the following modest strawmen were

posed:

a) To identify the community carrying out ocean color

related research in the Gulf of Maine;

b) To communicate the goals and approaches of their

respective research efforts; and

c) To identify available data sets and data processing

activities.

These are just a starting point. Input is welcome and

encouraged. The Working Group can be as active or as

inactive as the members choose. The SeaWiFS Project

is simply looking for mechanisms to maximize the scientific output and productivity resulting from satellite ocean

color data.

A World Wide Web site has been established as a point

of reference and communication. Through this site, the

members will first aim at the above goals and proceed from

there. The universal resource locator (URL) http://wavy

.umeoce.maine.edu/seawifs.html is active, although it

is still under construction.

The membership is completely open, but carries the

assumption of a willingness to communicate and interact.

As there are a plethora of other science working groups

related to Gulf of Maine research, this Working Group will

stay closely focused on issues, data, and people with active

ocean color interests and research. Being a NASA funded

principal investigator (PI) is not a prerequisite.

An initial list of members was started at the Second

SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting and are listed below, however, it is not a complete list. If other researchers would

like to be a participant in this Working Group, please send

an e-mail message to A. Thomas (thomas@maine.maine

.edu) with a brief note including: name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, and URL, along with a few

notes (in bullet-form) on the title, goals, and focus of the

ocean color related research. In addition, the researchers

should send a few notes on the approach, and the satellite data or ocean color related data sets they have, or will

create. The current members are W. Balch, J. Bisagni, J.

Irish, B. Monger, J. O’Reilly, J. Salisbury, A. Thomas, and

C. Yentsch.

2. Continental Margins

This forum serves to exchange information on continental margins and coastal zones. The goal is to define scientific goals for remote sensing of continental margins. The

geographical domain includes global continental margins,

coastal zones, zones of riverine influence, upwelling zones,

marginal seas, island waters, and Great Lakes and other

major inland waters. Among topics of discussion may be

the relevance of continental margins in global cycles of carbon and other elements, general oceanography, resource

management, advantages and limitations of remote sensing technologies and applications, developing time series of

11
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

in situ observations, and planning joint research efforts. A

goal is to generate feedback for various international satellite missions and projects on regional and time-dependent

algorithms for ocean color products, atmospheric correction, and developing strategies for merging various data

(satellite and in situ) into coherent scientific products.

The Land Ocean Margins Server (LOMAS) was established for exchanging e-mail for this forum. The forum is open to anyone interested in the topic outlined

above. To subscribe, please send an e-mail message to

listproc@marine.usf.edu, with the message subscribe

lomas FirstName LastName in the body of the text (not

in the subject area).

Please note that the live feature of the list server is disabled, so disregard the password offered by the list server

in reply to an initial request for subscription.

Some initial topics of discussion were proposed:

a. The ultimate goal of this discussion group is to enable global analyses of continental margins in a remote sensing context.

b. Should the group aim at defining provinces for enabling such analyses?

c. How will the group identify provinces?

d. The group needs to link up and establish a liaison

with regional groups, both those defined as SeaWiFS Science Team discussion groups (e.g., Gulf

of Maine and Gulf of California), and others. The

group may develop a strategy of using such areas as

validation for global studies.

e. How will the group include time series data, and

can the group develop a strategy to support additional series in continental margins? The group

currently has the Carbon Retention in a Colored

Ocean (CARIACO), CalCOFI, and the European

series in the Adriatic.

f. What testable hypotheses can be defined?

3.4 Participants’ Addresses

Following are the names and addresses of participants

of the SeaBAMworkshop and/or the SeaWiFS Science

Team Meeting. Members of the various teams and panels

are identified with their team names(s) shown in slanted

type face.

Mark Abbott

Oregon State University

College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences

Corvallis, OR 97331–5503

USA

Voice: 541–737–4045

Fax: 541–737–2064

Net: mark@oce.orst.edu

James Acker Goddard DAAC

Raytheon STX

NASA/GSFC/Code 902.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–614–5435

Fax: 301–614–5268

Net: acker@daac.gsfc.nasa.gov

Steven Ackleson SeaWiFS Science Team

Ocean Optics Program, Code 3233

Office of Naval Research

800 N. Quincy Street

Arlington, VA 22217–1906

USA

Voice: 703–696–4732

Fax: 703–696–4884

Net: ackless@onr.navy.mil

Robert Arnone SeaWiFS Science Team

Naval Research Laboratory

Mail Code 7243

Multispectral SensingSection

Stennis Space Center, MS 39529–5004

USA

Voice: 601–688–5268

Fax: 601–688–4149

Net: arnone@nrlssc.navy.mil

Kevin Arrigo SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA/GSFC/Code 971

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–9634

Fax: 301–286–0240

Net: kevin@shark.gsfc.nasa.gov

Karen Baith SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–4759

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: settle@shark.gsfc.nasa.gov

William Balch

Bigelow Laboratory

P.O. Box 475, McKown Point

West Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575–9999

USA

Voice: 207–633–9600

Fax: 207–633–9641

Net: bbalch@bigelow.org

Susan Banahan

NOAA Coastal Ocean Program

1315 East–West Highway

Room 9608

Silver Spring, MD 20910–3282

USA

Voice: 301–713–3338 ext. 115

Fax: 301–713–4044

Net: sbanahan@cop.noaa.gov

12
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Robert Barnes SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–0501

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: rbarnes@calval.gsfc.nasa.gov

William Barnes

NASA/GSFC/Code 970

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–8670

Fax: 301–286–1761

Net: wbarnes@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov

Michael Behrenfeld SeaWiFS Science Team

BNL/OAS Division

Bldg. 318

Upton, NY 11973–5000

USA

Voice: 516–344–3069

Fax: 516–344–3246

Net: mjb@warrior.das.bnl.gov

Juli Berwald

Univ. of Southern California

University Park

Dept. of Biological Sciences

Los Angeles, CA 90089–0373

USA

Voice: 213–740–5813

Fax: 213–740–8123

Net: berwald@scf.usc.edu

Robert Bidigare SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of Hawaii

Manoa Department of Oceanography

1000 Pope Road

Honolulu, HI 96822–2336

USA

Voice: 808–956–6567

Fax: 808–956–9516

Net: bidigare@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu

James Bisagni SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of Massachusetts

Dartmouth/CMST

285 Old Westport Road

Dartmouth, MA 02747–2300

USA

Voice: 508–999–8359

Fax: 508–999–8197

Net: bisagni@fish1.gso.uri.edu

James Bishop SeaWiFS Science Team

Columbia University

Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory

ArmstrongHall

2880 Broadway

New York, NY 10025–7886

USA

Voice: 212–678–5620

Fax: 212–678–5622

Net: cojkb@i0.giss.nasa.gov

Paul Bissett SeaWiFS Science Team

Code 7212

Naval Research Laboratory

4555 Overlook Avenue

Washington, DC 20375–5351

USA

Voice: 202–767–8278

Fax: 202–404–8894

Net: bissett@rsd.nrl.navy.mil

John Brock SeaWiFS Science Team

NOAA Coastal Services Center

2234 South Hobson Avenue

Charleston Naval Base

Charleston, SC 29405–2413

USA

Voice: 803–974-6239

Fax: 803–974–6224

Net: jbrock@csc.noaa.gov

Christopher Brown SeaWiFS Science Team

NOAA/NESDIS E/RA3

NSC Room 105

Washington, DC 20233–0001

USA

Voice: 301–763–8102

Fax: 301–763–8020

Net: chrisb@orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov

Robert Caffrey SIMBIOS Project

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–0846

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: bcaffrey@seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov

Janet Campbell SeaWiFS Science Team

UNH/OPAL/EOS

142 Morse Hall

39 College Road

Durham, NH 03824–2524

USA

Voice: 603–862–1070

Fax: 603–862–0188

Net: campbell@kelvin.unh.edu

Kendall Carder MODIS Science Team

Univ. of South Florida

Dept. of Marine Science

140 Seventh Avenue, South

St. Petersburg, FL 33701–5016

USA

Voice: 813–553–3952

Fax: 813–553–1148

Net: kcarder@monty.marine.usf.edu

Mary-Elena Carr SeaWiFS Science Team

MS 300–323

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, CA 91109–8099

USA

Voice: 818–354–5097

Fax: 818–393–6720

Net: mec@pacific.jpl.nasa.gov

13
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Fransisco Chavez

MBARI

P.O. Box 628

7700 Sandholdt Road

Moss Landing, CA 95039–0628

USA

Voice: 408–775–1709

Fax: 408–775–1645

Net: chfr@mbari.org

James Christian

Univ. Space Research Association

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–9911

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: jrc@bluefin.gsfc.nasa.gov

Mary Cleave SeaWiFS Project

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–1404

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: mary@seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov

Paula Coble SeaWiFS Science Team

Department of Marine Science

Univ. of South Florida

140 Seventh Avenue, South

St. Petersburg, FL 33701–5016

USA

Voice: 813–553–1631

Fax: 813–553–1189

Net: pcoble@marine.usf.edu

Glenn Cota SeaWiFS Science Team

Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography

Old Dominion University

768 West 52nd Street

Norfolk, VA 23529–2026

USA

Voice: 804–683–5835

Fax: 804–683–5550

Net: cota@ccpo.odu.edu

Arthur Cracknell SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of Dundee

Applied Physics and Electrical and Mechanical Engineering

Perth Road

Dundee, Scotland DD1 4HN

UNITED KINGDOM

Michael Darzi SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–9150

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: darzi@calval.gsfc.nasa.gov

Curtiss Davis SeaWiFS Science Team

Naval Research Laboratory

Code 7212

4555 Overlook Avenue, SW

Washington, DC 20357–5320

USA

Voice: 202–767–9296

Fax: 202–404–8894

Net: davis@rsd.nrl.navy.mil

Pierre-Yves Deschamps

Universit ́e de Lille1

Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosph ́erique

F–59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq

FRANCE

Voice: 33–3–20–43–66–97

Fax: 33–3–20–43–43–42

Net: pyd@loa.univ.lille1.fr

Tom Dickey

Univ. of California at Santa Barbara

ICESS and Dept. of Geography

Santa Barbara, CA 93106–3060

USA

Voice: 805–893–7354

Fax: 805–893–2578

Net: tommy@icess.ucsb.edu

Gene Eplee SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–0953

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: eplee@calval.gsfc.nasa.gov

Wayne Esaias SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA/GSFC/Code 971 MODIS Science Team

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–5465

Fax: 301–286–0240

Net: wayne@petrel.gsfc.nasa.gov

Robert Evans MODIS Science Team

MPO/RSMAS/Univ. of Miami

4600 Rickenbacker Causeway

Miami, FL 33149–1098

USA

Voice: 305–364–4064

Fax: 305–361–4799

Net: bob@rsmas.miami.edu

Paul Falkowski SeaWiFS Science Team

BNL/OAS Division

Bldg. 318

Upton, NY 11973–5000

USA

Voice: 516–344–2861

Fax: 516–344–3246

Net: falkowski@bnl.gov

14
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Gene Feldman SeaWiFS Project

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–9428

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: gene@seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov

Piotr Flatau

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

9500 Gilman Drive

LaJolla, CA 92093–0221

USA

Voice: 619–534–102

Fax: 619–534–7452

Net: pflatau@ucsd.edu

Mick Follows

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science

Bldg. 54, Room 1412

77 Massachusetts Avenue

Cambridge, MA 02139–4307

USA

Voice: 617–253–2454

Fax: 617–253–4464

Net: mick@plume.mit.edu

Bryan Franz SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–5429

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: franz@seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov

Robert Frouin SeaWiFS Science Team

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Mail Code 0221

9500 Gilman Drive

La Jolla, CA 92093–0221

USA

Voice: 619–534–6243

Fax: 619–534–7452

Net: rfrouin@ucsd.edu

Gary Fu SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–7107

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: gfu@shark.gsfc.nasa.gov

Hajime Fukushima SeaWiFS Science Team

Tokai University

317 Nishino

Numazu, Shizuoka 410–03

JAPAN

Voice: 81–559–68–1211

Fax: 81–559–68–1155

Net: hajime@fksh.fc.u.tokai.ac.jp

Sonia Gallegos SeaWiFS Science Team

Naval Research Laboratory

Code 7240, Remote Sensing

Stennis Space Center, MS 39529–5004

USA

Voice: 601–688–4867

Fax: 601–688–4149

Net: gallegos@snaps.nrlssc.navy.mil

Carlo Garcias SeaWiFS Science Team

Fundacao Universidade do Rio Grande

Dept. of Oceanography

Caixa Postal 474

Rua Alfredo Huch 475

Rio Grande, RS 96201–900

BRAZIL

Sara A. Garver

California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Dept. of Geography and Anthropology

3801 West Temple Avenue

Pomona, California 91768–4001

USA

Voice: 909–869–3581

Fax: 909–869–3586

Net: sagarver@csupomona.edu

Gilberto Gaxiola-Castro SeaWiFS Science Team

CICESE

Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana Ensenada Apt.

Ensenada Baja, 2732

MEXICO

Voice: 617–45050

Fax: 617–500545

Net: ggaxiola@cicese.mx

Roman Glazman SeaWiFS Science Team

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

MS 300–323

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, CA 91109–8099

USA

Voice: 818–354–7151

Fax: 818–393–6720

Net: reg@foggy.jpl.nasa.gov

David Glover SeaWiFS Science Team

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dept. of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry

Woods Hole, MA 02543–1541

USA

Voice: 508–289–2656

Fax: 508–457–2193

Net: dglover@whoi.edu

James F.R. Gower SeaWiFS Science Team

Institute of Ocean Sciences

9860 W. Saanich Road

Sidney, BC V8L 4B2

CANADA

Voice: 250–363–6558

Fax: 250–363–6310

gowerj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

15
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Robert Green

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, CA 95039–0628

USA

Voice: 818–354–913

Fax: 818–354–4406

Net: rog@gomez.jpl.nasa.gov

Watson Gregg SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA/GSFC/Code 971

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–3464

Fax: 301–286–0240

Net: gregg@smoc1.gsfc.nasa.gov

Marilaure Gr ́egoire

GHER University of Liege

BS Saxt-tilman

400 Liege

BELGIUM

Voice: 324–43–66–33–54

Fax: 324–43–36–23–55

Net: mgregoreplug.ac.bc

David Halpern SeaWiFS Science Team

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

MS 300–323

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, CA 91109–8099

USA

Voice: 818–354–5327

Fax: 818–393–6720

Net: halpern@pacific.jpl.nasa.gov

Lawrence Harding SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of Maryland System

Horn Point Environmental Laboratory

P.O. Box 775

Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies

Cambridge, MD 21613–0775

USA

Voice: 410–221–8297

Fax: 410–221–8990

Net: larry@kestrel.umd.edu

Steven Hawes†

Univ. of South Florida

Dept. of Marine Science

140 Seventh Avenue, South

St. Petersburg, FL 33701–5016

USA

Eileen Hofmann SeaWiFS Science Team

Old Dominion University

Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography

Crittenton Hall

768 West 52nd Street

Norfolk, VA 23529–2026

USA

Voice: 757–683–5334

Fax: 757–683–5550

Net: hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu

† Address as of the date of the SeaBAM Workshop

Stanford Hooker SeaWiFS Project

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–9503

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: stan@ardbeg.gsfc.nasa.gov

James Irish SeaWiFS Science Team

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dept. of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering

Mail Stop 17

86 Water Street

Woods Hole, MA 02543–1052

USA

Voice: 508–289–2732

Fax: 508–457–2195

Net: jirish@whoi.edu

Alice Isaacman SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–7108

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: alice@akumal.gsfc.nasa.gov

Rodolfo Iturriaga SeaWiFS Science Team

USC, University Park

Hancock Institute for Marine Studies

Los Angeles, CA 90089–0371

USA

Voice: 213–740–5769

Fax: 213–740–8123

Net: iturriag@mizar.usc.edu

Mati Kahru

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

2208 Sverdrup Hall

La Jolla, CA 92093–0218

USA

Voice: 619–534–8947

Fax: 619–534–2997

Net: mati@spode.ucsd.edu

Daniel Kamykowski SeaWiFS Science Team

North Carolina State University

Dept. of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Science

Jordan Hall, Room 1125

P.O. Box 8208

Raleigh, NC 27695–0001

USA

Voice: 919–515–7894

Fax: 919–515–7802

Net: dan kamykowski@ncsu.edu

Lakshmi Kantha SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder

Dept. of Aerospace Engineering Sciences

Campus Box 431, CCAR

Boulder, CO 80309–0431

USA

Voice: 303–492–3014

Fax: 303–492–2825

Net: kantha@colorado.edu

16
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Raphael Kudela SeaWiFS Science Team

Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

P.O. Box 628

7700 Sandholt Road

Moss Landing, CA 95039–0628

USA

Voice: 408–775–1741

Fax: 408–775–1620

Net: kura@mbari.org

Norman Kuring SeaWiFS Project

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–2264

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: norman@tursiops.gsfc.nasa.gov

Gregory Leptoukh Goddard DAAC

Research and Data Systems Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 902.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–614–5253

Fax: 301–614–5268

Net: leptoukh@daac.gsfc.nasa.gov

Paul Lyon

EG&G Services Inc.

8 Cold SpringRoad

Southampton, MA 01073–9462

USA

Voice: 413–527–9897

Fax: 413–527–9984

Net: lyon@osb.wff.nasa.gov

Stephane Maritorena SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–9975

Fax: 919–515–1775

Net: stephane@calval.gsfc.nasa.gov

John Marra SeaWiFS Science Team

Columbia University

Dept. of Marine Biology

Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory

61 Route 9W

Palisades, NY 10964–8000

USA

Voice: 914–365–8891

Fax: 914–365–8150

Net: marra@ldeo.columbia.edu

Nancy Maynard

NASA HQ/Code YS

300 E Street, SW

Washington, DC 20546–0005

USA

Voice: 202–358–2559

Fax: 202–358–2770

Net: nmaynard@hq.nasa.gov

John McCarthy

Orbital Sciences Corporation

21700 Atlantic Boulevard

Dulles, VA 20166–6801

USA

Voice: 703–406–5504

Fax: 703–406–3562

Net: mcarthy.john@orbital.com

Charles McClain SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA/GSFC/Code 971 SeaWiFS Project

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001 MOBY Review Panel

USA

Voice: 301–286–5377

Fax: 301–286–2717

Net: mcclain@calval.gsfc.nasa.gov

Dennis McGillicuddy SeaWiFS Science Team

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Bigelow 2096

Mail Stop 11

98 Water Street

Woods Hole, MA 02543–1054

USA

Voice: 508–289–2683

Fax: 508–457–2197

Net: dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu

Mark Miller

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Dept. of Applied Science

Upton, NY 11973–5000

USA

Voice: 516–344–2958

Fax: 516–344–3246

Net: miller@bnlocn.das.bnl.gov

Richard Miller

Naval Research Laboratory

Mail Code 7243

Multispectral SensingSection

Stennis Space Center, MS 39529–5044

USA

Voice: 228–688–1904

Fax: 228–688–1777

Net: rmiller@sscpan.ssc.nasa.gov

B. GregMitchell SeaWiFS Science Team

UCSD/MRD 0218

La Jolla, CA 92093–0218

USA

Voice: 619–534–2687

Fax: 619–534–2997

Net: bgmitchell@ucsd.edu

John Moisan

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

SIO Dept. 0230

9500 Gilman Drive

La Jolla, CA 92093–0230

USA

Voice: 619–534–7153

Fax: 619–534–7931

Net: moisan@vanilla.ucsd.edu

17
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Bruce Monger SeaWiFS Science Team

Cornell University

4176 Snee Hall

Center for the Environment

Ithaca, NY 14853–1504

USA

Voice: 607–255–4176

Fax: 607–254–4780

Net: monger@geology.cornell.edu

John Morrison

North Carolina State University

Dept. of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences

1129 Jordon Hall, Box 8208

Raleigh, NC 27695–0001

USA

Voice: 919–515–7449

Fax: 919–515–7802

Net: john morrison@ncsu.edu

Gerald Moore

Plymouth Marine Laboratory

Prospect Place, West Hoe

Plymouth, PL1 3DH

UNITED KINGDOM

Voice: 44–1–752–222–772

Fax: 44–1–752–670–637

Net: gfm@unixb.nerc-pml.ac.uk

Andr ́e Morel SeaWiFS Science Team

Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Marines

Universit ́e de Pierre et Marie Curie

Unite 2067 CNRS BP 8

Villefranche-sur-Mer 06238

FRANCE

Voice: 33–14–93–76–37–44

Fax: 33–14–93–76–37–39

Net: morel@ccrv.abs-vlfr.fr

James Mueller SeaWiFS Science Team

SDSU/CHORS

6505 Alvarado Road, Suite 206

San Diego, CA 92120–5005

USA

Voice: 619–594–2230

Fax: 619–594–4570

Net: j.mueller@chors.sdsu.edu

Frank M ̈uller-Karger SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of South Florida

Dept. of Marine Sciences

140 Seventh Avenue, South

St. Petersburg, FL 33701–5016

USA

Voice: 813–553–1186

Fax: 813–553–1103

Net: carib@carbon.marine.usf.edu

Raymond Najjar SeaWiFS Science Team

Pennsylvania State University

503 Walker Building

University Park, PA 16802–5013

USA

Voice: 814–863–1586

Fax: 814–865–3663

Net: najjar@essc.psu.edu

James Nelson SeaWiFS Science Team

Skidaway Institute of Oceanography

10 Ocean Science Circle

Savannah, GA 31411–1011

USA

Voice: 912–598–2476

Fax: 912–598–2310

Net: nelson@skio.peachnet.edu

Norman Nelson SeaWiFS Science Team

Bermuda Biological Station for Research

17 Biological Station Lane

Ferry Reach, St. Georges GE01

BERMUDA

Voice: 441–297–1880 ext. 303

Fax: 441–297–8143

Net: norm@bbsr.edu

Jay O’Reilly SeaWiFS Science Team

NOAA/NMFS

128 Tarzwell Drive

Narragansett, RI 02882–1129

USA

Voice: 401–782–3267

Fax: 401–782–3201

Net: oreilly@fish1.gso.uri.edu

Nils Odegard

Raytheon STX

4400 Forbes Boulevard

Lanham, MD 20706–4385

USA

Voice: 301–794–5350

Fax: 301–441–1853

Net: nodegard@stx.com

Scott Pegau

Oregon State University

College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences

Oceanography Administration

Bldg. 104

Corvallis, OR 97331–5503 USA

Voice: 541–737–4635

Fax: 541–737–2064

Net: spegau@oce.orst.edu

John Porter

Univ. of Hawaii

2525 Correa Road

Honolulu, HI 96822–2285

USA

Voice: 808–956–6483

Fax: 808–956–3188

Net: porter@soest.hawaii.edu

Dominic Preiswerk

Pennsylvania State University

Dept. of Meteorology, Earth, and Mineral Sciences

503 Walker Building

University Park, PA 16802–5013

USA

Voice: 814–863–1036

Fax: 814–865–3663

Net: rgn1@psu.edu

18
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Dale Robinson SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA/GSFC/Code 971

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286-5057

Fax: 301–286–0240

Net: dale@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov

Wayne Robinson SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–3883

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: wayne@calval.gsfc.nasa.gov

Sei-ichi Saitoh

Hokkaido University

Faculty of Fisheries

3-1-1, Minato-Cho

Hakodate, 041

JAPAN

Net: ssaitoh@salmon.fish.hokudai.ac.jp

Brian Schieber SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–1440

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: schieb@shark.gsfc.nasa.gov

George Serafino Goddard DAAC

NASA/GSFC/Code 902.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–614–538

Fax: 301–614–5268

Net: serafino@daac.gsfc.nasa.gov

Kusiel Shifrin SeaWiFS Science Team

Oregon State University

College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences

Oceanography Administration

Bldg. 104

Corvallis, OR 97331–5503

USA

Voice: 541–737–2016

Fax: 541–737–2064

Net: shifrink@ucs.orst.edu

David Siegel SeaWiFS Science Team

ICEES/UCSB

Santa Barbara, CA 93106–3060

USA

Voice: 805–893–4547

Fax: 805–893–2578

Net: davey@icess.ucsb.edu

Sergio Signorini SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–9891

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: sergio@bluefin.gsfc.nasa.gov

Heidi Sosik SeaWiFS Science Team

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Biology Department

Mail Stop 32

Woods Hole, MA 02543–1049

USA

Voice: 508–289–2311

Fax: 508–457–2134

Net: hsosik@whoi.edu

Knut Stamnes

Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks

508A Elvey Building, Room 903

Koyuku Drive

P.O. Box 757320

Fairbanks, AK 99775–7320

USA

Voice: 907–474–7368

Fax: 907–474–7290

Net: knut@kaja.gi.alaska.edu

Petra Stegmann SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of Rhode Island

Graduate School of Oceanography

215 South Ferry Road

Narragansett, RI 02882–1197

USA

Voice: 401–874–6863

Fax: 401–874–6728

Net: petra@uri.gso.uri.edu

Andrew Thomas SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of Maine

School of Marine Sciences

5741 Libby Hall

Orono, ME 04401–5741

USA

Voice: 207–581–4335

Fax: 207–581–4388

Net: thomas@maine.maine.edu

Compton J. Tucker

NASA/GSFC/Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–7122

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: compton@kratmos.gsfc.nasa.go

M. Grey Valenti SeaWiFS Project

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–3288

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: grey@calval.gsfc.nasa.gov

19
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Eric Vermote MODIS Science Team

Univ. of Maryland

NASA/GSFC/Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–6232

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: eric@kratmos.gsfc.nasa.gov

Charles Vorosmarty SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of New Hampshire

ISEOS

Morse Hall

39 College Road

Durham, NH 03824–3525

USA

Voice: 603–862–1792

Fax: 603–862–0188

Net: charles.vorosmarty@unh.edu

Menghua Wang SIMBIOS Project

JCET

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–6421

Fax: 301–286–1775

Net: wang@simbios.gsfc.nasa.gov

Kirk Waters

NOAA Coastal Services Center

2234 South Hobson Avenue

Charleston, SC 29405–2413

USA

Voice: 803–974–6227

Fax: 803–974–6224

Net: kwaters@csc.noaa.gov

Alan Weidemann SeaWiFS Science Team

Naval Research Laboratory

Code 7331

Stennis Space Center, MS 39529–0001

USA

Voice: 601–688–5253

Fax: 601–688–5379

Net: alanw@nrl.ssc.navy.mil

Robert Woodward

SAIC General Sciences Corporation

NASA/GSFC/Code 971

Greenbelt, MD 20771–0001

USA

Voice: 301–286–1441

Fax: 301–286–0240

Net: woodward@salmo.gsfc.nasa.gov

Charles Yentsch SeaWiFS Science Team

Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences

Box 475

McKown Point Road

West Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575–0475

USA

Voice: 305–295–9536

Fax: 305–295–9641

Net: cyentsch@bigelow.org

James Yoder SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of Rhode Island

Graduate School of Oceanography

Narragansett, RI 02882–9999

USA

Voice: 401–874–6864

Fax: 401–874–6720

Net: yoder@uri.gso.uri.edu

Shari Yvon-Lewis SeaWiFS Science Team

AOML

4301 Rickenbacker Causeway

Miami, FL 33149–1097

USA

Voice: 305–361–4441

Fax: 305–361–4392

Net: syvon@aoml.noaa.gov

Edward Zalewski SeaWiFS Science Team

Univ. of Arizona

Optical Sciences Center

Remote SensingGroup

Tucson, AZ 85721–0001

USA

Voice: 520–621–4243

Fax: 520–621–8292

Net: ed.zalewski@opt-sci.arizona.edu

J. Ronald Zaneveld SeaWiFS Science Team

Oregon State University

Oceanography Administration Building, Room 104

College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences

Corvallis, OR 97331–5503

USA

Voice: 541–737–3571

Fax: 541–737–2064

Net: zaneveld@oce.orst.edu

Giuseppe Zibordi SeaWiFS Science Team

Space Applications Institute

Joint Research Centre Marine Environment Unit

Ispra, Varese I-21020

ITALY

Voice: 39–332–785–902

Fax: 39–332–789–034

Net: giuseppe.zibordi@jrc.it

20
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Cumulative Index

Unless otherwise indicated, the index entries that follow

refer to some aspect of the SeaWiFS instrument or project. For

example, the mission overview index entry refers to an overview

of the SeaWiFS mission.

–A–

absorption study:

pressure and oxygen, 13(ch. 3).

absorption correction, 13(19–20).

absorption features, 40(15–16, Fig. 7 p. 17, 22).

see also oxygen absorption band.

acceptance report:

prelaunch, see SeaWiFS instrument.

addenda, 12(3–8); 18(3–22); 24(2–5); 36(3–12); 43(4–20).

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, see AVHRR.

aerosols:

atmospheric, 5(15); 19(26–27, 30–32, Fig. 16 p. 31); 25(19);

40(34).

models, see models, aerosol.

optical depth, 5(38); 19(ch. 1, 30); 25(55); 33(3).

airborne spectral radiometry, 5(7–8).

aircraft calibration technique, 3(Fig. 19 p. 27).

algorithms, 1(3, 17); 4(2); Vol. 28.

atmospheric correction, 1(19); 3(1–2, Fig. 4 p. 5, 16, 23,

27–28, 31, 32–34); 8(4, Table 1 p. 14, 17, Table 4 p. 21);

13(1, 4, 9, 27); 17(16); 18(11–12); 21(19–20); 28(6); 33

(3–11).

band-ratio, 29(8–9, Tables 4–6 p. 9, 9–12, Fig. 8 p. 17, Fig. 9

p. 19).

binningand interpreting, 32(65–69).

bio-optical, Vol. 5; 12(3–5); 20(ch. 3); 25(5).

data, 9(1); 12(3–4).

database development, 3(28).

derived products, 3(27–28); 13(1).

development, 1(5); 3(23, 27–35, Fig. 22 p. 33); 5(Table 4

p. 11); 8(4, 10).

diffuse attenuation coefficient, prelaunch, 41(ch. 2).

field studies, 3(30–32, Fig. 22 p. 33, 34–35).

input values, 13(Table 16 p. 44).

iterative fitting, 33(33).

level-2 processing, 28(ch. 5).

linearity and stability, 5(12).

optical measurements, Vol. 5; Vol. 25.

out-of-band correction, 41(ch. 3).

pigment, 3(28, 29); 8(24); 13(1, 12); 18(3, 4, 14); 24(3);

Vol. 29.

primary productivity, Vol. 42.

spatial binning, 24(3); Vol. 32.

stray light correction, 41(ch. 4).

temporal binning, Vol. 32.

validation of, 1(3); 8(16, Table 4 p. 21).

see also atmospheric correction, algorithm.

see also bio-optical, algorithm.

see also GAC.

see also level-2 processing.

see also NET, pigment algorithm.

algorithms cont.

see also primary productivity.

see also Protocols Workshop.

along-scan:

correction, 31(23, Table 11 p. 28, 29, Table 12 p. 29).

responses, 31(20–21, Table 8 p. 21, Table 14 p. 65).

test results, 31(29, Figs. 19–34 p. 30–45, Table 13 pp. 46–48,

Figs. 35–50 p. 49–64).

along-track:

direction, 31(Figs. 7–8 p. 13, 16, Figs. 17–18 pp. 26–27).

response, 3(38); 31(21–23, Table 9 p. 22).

see also propagation model.

AMT, Vol. 35.

biogeochemical measurements, 35(3).

bio-optical measurements, 35(2–3).

circulation and backscatter, 35(31, 46, Fig. 29 p. 48).

cruise participants, 35(83).

dissolved gases, 35(46, Fig. 31 p. 50).

fluorometry and photochemistry, 35(25–26, Fig. 12 p. 29, 39,

Figs. 23–24 p. 41–42, 43).

future plans, 35(61).

hydrography, 35(18, Fig. 10 p. 24, 31, Figs. 17–18 pp. 34–35,

36).

inorganic nutrients, 35(31, 46, Fig. 30 p. 49).

lessons learned, 35(61).

methodology, 35(2).

optics, 35(25, Tables 8–9 p. 25, Fig. 11 p. 27, 36–39, Fig. 20

p. 38, Figs. 21–22 pp. 40–41).

photosynthesis and calcification, 35(26, Fig. 13 p. 29, 43,

Figs. 25–26 pp. 44–45).

physical measurements, 35(2).

pigment extractions, 35(26, 43, Fig. 27 p. 45, Tables J1–J3

pp. 77–79).

size fractionation, 35(31, Fig. 26 p. 45, 46).

zooplankton characterization, 35(14–15, 26, Fig. 14 p. 30, 46,

Fig. 28 p. 47).

see also cruise synopsis.

see also cruise track.

see also instrumentation, AMT.

analytical methods, 5(33–39); 25(ch. 6).

angular response, 5(12, 16); 25(16).

normalized, 39(Tables 28–29 p. 60).

ancillary:

data climatologies, 13(2, ch. 7, and Plates 16–18).

data sets, 8(7); 15(7); 19(ch. 6, ch. 7).

measurements, 5(8, 9, 13–14, 20, 27–28, 30, 33); 25(11,

35–38).

observations, 5(9); 25(42).

see also data, ancillary.

animation:

meteorological data sets, 13(41–42).

ozone data sets, 13(41–42).

ascendingnode, Vol. 2.

computation methods, 2(1–2).

tilt strategy, 2(Table 1 p. 2).

Atlantic Meridional Transect, see AMT.

atmospheric aerosols, see aerosols, atmospheric.

21
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

atmospheric carbon dioxide, 13(30); 42(Fig. 1 p. 4, 17, 18).

cycles, 42(30).

atmospheric conditions, 9(6–7).

atmospheric contributions, 9(4–6).

atmospheric correction, 1(3, 5, 7); 3(1, 2, Fig. 4 p. 5, 8, 13, 23,

24, 27, 28–29, 31, 32–34); 4(1); 5(1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 13); 8(4,

6, 7, 26–27, 30–31, 36–37, 42); 14(1); 17(6, 16); 18(13);

19(ch. 1, Fig. 1 p. 11); 21(19–20); 25(34); 33(3–11, 17–18,

22, 25, 28, 30–33, 36–38, 40, 43); 38(14, Fig. 9 p. 15);

39(33).

subgroup, 18(11–12).

see also algorithms, atmospheric correction.

atmospheric measurements, 5(2, 28–29); 25(38–39).

atmospheric oxygen:

abundance, 42(Fig. 3 p. 7).

atmospheric transmittance, 5(6, 37, 38); 9(5–6); 13(3, 4, 16,

Figs. 16–17 pp. 18–19, 19–20); 19(26–27, 30, Fig. 16 p. 31,

32); 21(4); 25(9, 54, 55); 27(21–23); 28(9); 33(6, 8, Fig. 7

p. 10, 11); 40(Fig. 11 p. 27, Fig. 12b p. 28, Tables 13–15

pp. 29–31, Table 18 p. 36, 36–38).

at-satellite radiances, 15(7–13, Table 10 p. 11).

AVHRR:

derivingvegetation index, 7(2).

GAC data, 7(3–4).

LAC data, 7(2–4).

LDTNLR test, 7(4).

nighttime IR data, 7(5).

thermal IR channels, 7(1).

azimuth:

angles, 39(Tables 28–29 p. 60).

angles at equinox, 2(2, 10, 16).

angles at solstice, 2(Fig. 5 p. 7, 10, 16).

satellite angle, 13(46); 38(Fig. 37b p. 54).

solar angle, 2(2, 16); 7(1); 13(Table 11 p. 29, 46).

spacecraft angle, 2(2, Fig. 6 p. 8, 16); 13(Table 11 p. 29).

relative angle, 2(2, Fig. 7 p. 9, 10, Fig. 10 p. 13, 16).

–B–

band-7 radiance, 27(ch. 2).

theory, 27(16–19).

BAOPW, see bio-optical, Algorithm Workshop.

baselines, 8(6–13).

algorithms, 8(6–7).

ancillary data, 8(7).

data archive and delivery, 8(9–10).

data for bio-optical algorithms, 8(10).

data for vicarious calibration, 8(10–11).

data processingand software, 8(8–9).

data products, 8(12–13).

data quality and acceptance, 8(7–8).

detector failure contingency, 8(11).

equator crossingcontingency, 8(12).

ground station support, 8(11).

in situ data policy, 8(13).

launch slip contingency, 8(11).

level-2 masks and flags, 18(Table 9 p. 18).

level-2 products, 18(Table 7 p. 17).

baselines cont.

level-3 binned products, 18(Table 8 p. 17).

level-3 binning, 8(8, 16).

loss of tilt contingency, 8(11).

navigation accuracy contingency, 8(11).

optical protocols, 8(12).

orbit contingency, 8(12).

orbital altitude contingency, 8(11).

power limitation contingency, 8(11).

products, 3(27–28); 5(1).

real-time data access, 8(12).

recommendations, 8(13–19).

revised product list, 18(16–18).

see also data.

basin-scale processes, 1(4, 6–7).

BBOP data processing, 26(ch. 2).

filters, 26(39–41, Fig. 28 p. 40).

LCD file format, 26(38–39, Fig. 27 p. 39).

philosophy, 26(38).

steps, 26(41–43, Fig. 30 p. 42).

biogeochemical, 1(2, 19); 8(1); 25(9–11).

cycles, 1(1, 2); 8(1, 25, 40); 42(16–17).

properties, 5(6–7).

see also AMT, biogeochemical measurements.

see also Science Team Meeting, Abstracts.

bio-optical:

algorithm working group members, 8(Table 1 p. 14); 12(Table 1 p. 3, 3); 18(Table 1 p. 3, Table 5 p. 12, Table 6 p. 14);

24(Table 1 p. 2); 36(Table 1 p. 4, Table 2 p. 6).

Algorithm Workshop, 12(3–5, 6–8); 18(3–7, 10, 12–16); 24

(3–5); 36(3–12).

algorithms, 1(19); 3(1–2, 6, 8, 11–12, 13, 16, 23, 28–29,

Fig. 20 p. 29, 29, 30–31, 32, Fig. 22 p. 33, 34); 4(3); Vol. 5;

8(6, 10); 13(27); 25(4–5, Table 1 p. 8).

data 12(Table 2 p. 4).

data bank, 33(13).

data set, 3(8, 13, 16, 29, 30); 18(4, Table 2 p. 5).

data system 20(ch. 2).

models, 29(9–12, Tables 7–9 p. 12, Tables 18–19 p. 22, 29–30).

processing, 26(ch. 4).

requirements, 5(3, 8); 25(ch. 1).

samplingprotocols, 18(8–9); 25(43–47).

see also algorithm.

see also algorithm, bio-optical.

see also algorithm development.

see also AMT, bio-optical measurements.

see also BBOP data processing.

see also bio-optical processing.

see also data processing.

bio-optical processing, 26(ch. 4).

data files, 26(Figs. 31–32 pp. 50–51, 52).

instrumentation, 26(49–50).

logfiles, 26(Fig. 33 p. 52).

see also BBOP data processing.

bio-optics, 1(3, 5, 7, 19); 8(10).

algorithm, 13(1, ch. 1, 27).

22
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

bio-optics cont.

Antarctic, from Sterna -92, 33(25–28, Figs. 13–14 pp. 26–27,

Table 3 p. 28).

blackbody temperature, 40(11, 40, Table 26 p. 49).

GSFC sphere, 39(ch. 1).

SeaWiFS bands, 39(ch. 2, 50–51, Fig. 25 p. 52, 53).

bright target recovery, 15(Fig. 8 p. 15); 31(4–5, Tables 1–2

pp. 4–5).

Brouwer-Lyddane model, 11(2–5, Figs. 5–8 pp. 8–9, 11, Fig. 13

p. 12, 15–16); 15(2–3).

see also models.

buoy:

driftingoptical, 25(12).

see also MOBY.

see also optical buoy.

see also optical mooring.

see also PlyMBODy.

–C–

calibration, 5(2); 10(Tables 1–2 p. 4, Fig. 3 p. 6, Fig. 20 p. 23,

Fig. 21 p. 24); Vol. 14; Vol. 16.

background on, 10(2–3).

equations, 23(8–14, 18).

evaluation, 38(14).

experiment, 19(Fig. 14 p. 29; Table 16 p. 30; Figs. 15–17

pp. 31–32).

GSFC sphere, 41(ch. 1).

initialization, 5(4–6).

in situ instruments, 14(2); 25(48–54).

lunar, 1(11, 18); 3(Fig. 15 p. 22); 10(1–3, 7, 10, Table 3

p. 10, Fig. 9 p. 11, Figs. 12–15 pp. 14–17, Tables 4–5 p. 19,

Fig. 16 p. 20, Fig. 19 p. 22, 25); 15(Fig. 2 p. 5, Table 5 p. 7,

Figs. 22–23 pp. 34–35); 38(11–12, Fig. 6 p. 13).

onboard, 3(21); 5(2–3); 10(1–2).

pigment, 5(24); 25(30).

preflight solar-based, 19(ch. 3).

quality control, 10(25).

round-robin, 8(4, 17, Table 4 p. 21); Vol. 14; Vol. 16; 18(3, 9,

13–14, 15); Vol. 34; Vol. 37.

sensor, 1(11); 5(2–3); 17(2, 3); 25(4); 38(Fig. 5 p. 13, Fig. 11

p. 16).

solar, 1(11, 18); 3(24); 10(1–7, Fig. 2 p. 5, Fig. 4 p. 6, Figs. 5–

8 pp. 8–9, Figs. 10–11 pp. 12–13, 18); 15(Fig. 3 p. 6, Table 5

p. 7, Fig. 20 p. 32); 38(12).

solar diffuser, 10(3–5, 7); 23(10).

spectral, 5(24); 25(22, 30).

sphere test, 14(Fig. B2 p. 48, Table B2 p. 49).

subgroup meeting, 18(11).

sun photometers, 5(24); 25(38).

system test, 14(Fig. B1 p. 48).

temperature, 40(ch. 6).

topics, Vol. 39; Vol. 40.

trend analysis, 10(25).

verification, 38(ch. 2, Table 1 p. 17).

vicarious, 5(2–4); 8(10–11); 25(5–6, 47); 38(Fig. 4 p. 11, 12,

14).

workinggroup members, 8(Table 1 p. 14).

see also calibration and validation.

calibration cont.

see also round-robin.

see also SeaStar.

see also SIRREX.

see also sphere.

calibration and validation, 1(3, 8, 14, 18–22); Vol. 3; 17(3, 5–6,

10–14, 15–17).

baselines, 3(17); 8(3).

case studies, Vol. 13; Vol. 19; Vol. 27; Vol. 41.

cruises, 17(15–17).

element, 13(35); 18(4–5); 19(41); 38(Fig. 1 p. 2, 37).

field deployment, 8(17, Table 2 p. 18, Table 4 p. 20); 18(Fig. 1

p. 6).

on-board, 3(21–23).

post-launch, 3(23–27).

prelaunch program, 3(17–21).

program milestones, 3(Fig. 12 p. 14).

program schematic, 3(Fig. 11 p. 14).

quality control procedures, 3(8, 35); Vol. 38.

team (CVT), 13(1).

see also baselines.

see also calibration.

see also CVT.

see also initialization.

see also round-robin.

CDF, 13(35, Table 14 p. 36); 19(ch. 5).

center wavelength, 5(10, 14, 17); 9(Table 1 p. 2); 19(34); 22(8,

10, Table 8 p. 10); 23(25, 29, 30, 33, 42, Table 12 p. 43,

Tables 13–14 pp. 52–53); 24(3–4); 25(13–14, 17, 21–22);

33(4, 8); 35(Table 3 p. 7, Tables 8–10 p. 25); 39(Table 1

p. 8, Table 6 p. 19, Fig. 10 p. 20, 40, 42–43, Tables 18–19

p. 43, 45–48, ch. 4); 40(ch. 2, ch. 4, ch. 5).

characterization:

collector cosine response, 5(18–19); 25(22–24).

GSFC sphere, 41(ch. 1).

immersion factors, 5(19–20); 25(24).

linearity and electronic uncertainty, 5(20); 25(25).

pressure effects, 5(21); 25(26).

pressure transducer, 5(21); 25(26).

radiance field-of-view, 5(18); 25(22).

radiometric, 5(15–17); 25(20–26).

sensor, 25(ch. 4).

spectral, 5(17); 25(21–22).

spectral bandpass, 5(15); 25(21–22).

temperature, 5(20–21); 25(25–26).

temporal response, 5(17); 25(22).

see also SeaWiFS instrument.

see also spectral characterization.

chlorophyll, 42(ch. 1).

concentration, 1(4–5, 15); 3(27, 34); 4(2); 7(1); 8(14, 24,

30, 36); 9(1, 3, 9); 14(1); 15(7); 17(2, 5); 19(Fig. 7 p. 17,

Fig. 11 p. 20); 32(Plates 1–3); 42(Fig. 2 p. 5, 20–22).

measurements, 32(Figs. 1–2 pp. 4–5).

see also MARAS.

climatology generation, 13(40–41).

cloud detection, 7(1, 5); 28(ch. 2).

MODIS, 7(1).

23
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

cloud detection cont.

see also MODIS-N.

cloud screening, Vol. 7.

determiningthresholds, 7(2–3).

direct thresholds, 7(1–4).

evaluatingmethods, 7(5–6).

more complex methods, 7(4–5).

spatial coherence, 7(3–4).

see also AVHRR GAC data.

COADS:

data, 13(Plates 16–18).

time series, 13(36–40).

COAST Project, 33(28–33).

concept, 33(Fig. 16 p. 28).

GUI, 33(Fig. 17 p. 28).

overview, 33(28).

software development 33(30).

surface SPM, 33(30–33, Figs. 17–18 pp. 31–32).

Coastal Earth Observation Application for Sediment Transport,

see COAST Project.

Coastal Zone Color Scanner, see CZCS.

coccolithophore blooms, 18(4, Table 9 p. 18); 24(4); 28(ch. 3

and Plate 6).

command:

schedules, 15(3–7, Table 3 p. 4, Table 4 p. 6).

sequence, 15(Tables 7–8 p. 11).

commercial applications, 1(7).

Common Data Format, see CDF.

Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set, see COADS.

contingencies:

detector failure, 8(11).

equator crossing, 8(12).

launch slip, 8(11).

loss of tilt, 8(11).

navigation accuracy, 8(11).

orbit, 8(12).

orbital altitude, 8(11).

power limitation, 8(11).

correction scheme:

out-of-band, 23(18); 28(ch. 4, Table A2 p. 34); 39(34–37, Table 16 p. 37); 40(16, Table 10 p. 22, 22); 41(ch. 3).

correction study:

pressure and oxygen, 13(ch. 4).

cross-track, see propagation model.

cross-track scan, see SeaWiFS instrument.

cruise report, Vol. 35.

cruise synopsis, 35(49, 51–59).

at-sea calibrations, 35(51, Fig. 32 p. 52).

transect overview, 35(51, Figs. 33–35 pp. 53–56, 57–59).

cruise track, 35(16–18, Tables 6–7 pp. 16–17, Figs. 5–8 pp. 19–

22).

cumulative:

glossary, 6(3–5); 12(14–17); 18(29–33); 24(14–18); 30(14–

18); 36(17–28); 43(33–39).

index entries, 6(1–3); 12(9–13); 18(23–28); 24(6–13); 30(5–

13); 36(13–22); 43(21–32).

cumulative cont.

indexes, Vol. 6; Vol. 12; Vol. 18; Vol. 24; Vol. 30; Vol. 36;

Vol. 43.

references, 6(5–9); 12(21–28); 18(38–46); 24(24–34); 30(27-

40); 36(37–53); 43(48–66).

symbols, 6(5); 12(18–20); 18(34–37); 24(19–23); 30(19–26);

36(29–36); 43(40–47).

CVT, 13(1).

CZCS, 1(1, 5, 6–7, 19); 3(1).

algorithms, 3(1–11, 23); 13(ch. 1); 19(ch. 1).

application of data, 9(7–9).

calibration and validation, 17(10–11).

channels, 7(1, 5).

data collection, 3(6, Fig. 5 p. 5, 21, 30), 7(1).

global sampling, 3(Fig. 9 p. 10).

imagery, 28(ch. 2, and Plates 1–6); 32(Plates 1–3).

level-2 processingparameters, 4(Table 2 p. 2).

level-2 products, 4(1).

modelingcompared to SeaWiFS, 3(Fig. 4 p. 5).

orbit, 3(2).

orbital characteristics, 9(Table 2 p. 3).

overlappingscenes study, 13(ch. 5).

parameters and characteristics, 1(Table 2 p. 5), 3(Table 1

p. 1).

pigment algorithm, 13(Tables 12–13 p. 31); 24(3); Vol. 29.

pigment concentration, 1(5–6); 3(1–2, 8, 27); 13(1, 2, ch. 1,

Figs. 1–5 pp. 5–8, 9, Figs. 8–9 p. 11, 15, Figs. 14–16 pp. 17–

18, 22, Figs. 18–19 p. 26, Fig. 20 p. 28, Table 10 p. 29, ch. 6,

Table 18 p. 45, and Plates: 1–14, and 19–20); 17(6–7).

quality control, 3(Fig. 7 p. 8, Fig. 8 p. 9, 32, 35).

ringing mask comparison, 13(2, ch. 8, and Plate 19).

sensor, 1(5); 3(8).

sensor degradation, 3(23).

time of launch, 2(1).

vicarious calibration, 3(Fig. 6 p. 7, 11, 23, 24–27); 5(3–4).

see also bio-optical, algorithms.

see also NET.

see also ocean color, imagery.

–D–

dark level, see SeaWiFS instrument.

DARR-94, 24(3); Vol. 26.

contributors, 26(Table 1 p. 5).

data analysis methods, 26(6–7).

data and results, 26(7–34, Tables 2–3 p. 7).

estimated data, 26(Figs. 11–17 pp. 18–24, Tables 4–5 p. 25).

ocean optics, 26(ch. 1).

raw data, 26(Figs. 1–10 pp. 9–17).

vertical profiles, 26(Figs. 18–26 pp. 26–34).

data:

access of, 8(12); 17(17).

acquisition, 19(21–22); 33(11–12).

airborne simulation, 33(4–11, Fig. 1 p. 5, Figs. 2–3 p. 7, Figs.

4–7 pp. 9–10, Table 2 p. 11).

ancillary, 1(3, 8, 14, 15); 3(24, 35); 5(3–4); 7(5); 8(3, 7,

9, 19, 32, 46–47); 13(2, Fig. 23 p. 36); 15(Table 9 p. 11);

18(Table 9 p. 18); 19(ch. 6, ch. 7); 28(5); 38(ch. 3, Fig. 27

p. 38).

24
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

data cont.

archive and delivery, 5(2); 8(9–10).

archivingstrategy, 38(17, Table 2 p. 17, Table 3 p. 19).

binned, gridding scheme, 32(63–64).

collection, 3(24); 8(4).

day, see data day.

distribution, 1(16); 8(2, 4, 16, 17).

format, 3(32); 8(43–44); 12(5); 15(16–20, Fig. 9 p. 17); 19

(ch. 5).

interpolation, 13(22).

management, 1(3, 11–18); 3(32).

policy, 3(37–38); 8(13, Table 4 p. 21, 41–42).

processing, 1(3, Fig. 2 p. 4, 11–16, Fig. 10 p. 20, 22); 3(13,

32); 7(5); 8(4, 8–9); 13(16, 21, 35); 17(3); 20(17–18);

26(ch. 4); 33(11–12); 38(4–6, Fig. 7 p. 15, Figs. 12–14

p. 18, 20, ch. 4).

processing, SIO method, 26(ch. 5).

processing, solar, 38(Fig. 7 p. 15).

products, 4(20); 8(8, 12–13, 15–17, Table 4 pp. 20–21, 42–43);

15(2); Vol. 32.

quality and acceptance, 8(7–8).

requirements, 5(4–6); 25(ch. 2).

scheme for weighting, 32(64–65).

standard format, 19(ch. 5).

strawman, 33(13).

subsampling, 4(1).

system, 17(3–4, 12–14); 20(ch. 2).

usingSEAPAK with, 4(1–2).

see also ancillary, data.

see also BBOP data processing.

see also data requirements.

see also data sets.

see also LOIS.

data analysis methods, see DARR-94, data analysis methods.

Data Analysis Round-Robin, Vol. 26.

see also DARR-94.

data day, 27(ch. 5).

spatial definition, 27(35–41, Figs. 21–22 p. 37, Table 19 p. 38,

Figs. 23–25 pp. 39–41).

temporal definition, 27(34–35, Figs. 19–20 pp. 35–36).

data requirements, 25(ch. 2).

above-water techniques, 25(11).

ancillary measurements, 25(11).

biogeochemical data, 25(9–11).

definitions, 25(7–9, Table 1 p. 8).

optical buoys, drifting, 25(12).

optical moorings, 25(11–12).

data sets, 1(3); 5(3–4, 6, 8, 14, 33, 34, 35); 8(23, 33); Vol. 9;

Vol. 15; 17(2, 5).

animation of, 13(41–42).

atmospheric conditions, 9(6–7).

atmospheric contributions, 9(4–6).

availability of, 9(9–13); 15(40).

code for simulating, 9(13–15).

currently held, 20(Table 2 p. 10).

external, 15(Table 9 p. 11).

gridded wind, 19(ch. 8).

meteorological, 13(35, Table 14 p. 36); 19(43, 47).

meteorological animation, 13(41–42).

methods for simulating, 9(2–7).

normalized water-leavingradiances, 9(2–3).

data sets cont.

orbit model, 9(3–4).

ozone, 13(35, Fig. 31 p. 42); 19(43, 47).

ozone animation, 13(41–42).

simulated total radiances, 9(Figs. 2–4 pp. 10–12).

start and stop times, 9(Table 6 p. 9).

ten-bit words and data structures, 9(7).

viewingand solar geometries, 9(4–6).

see also bio-optical.

see also SIRREX.

see also storage.

derived product validation, 1(19, Table 3 p. 21); 13(27, 29, 43).

databases, 38(59).

matchup evaluation, 38(48–59).

matchup methodology, 38(42–48).

software, 38(ch. 5).

see also software, derived product validation.

descendingnode, Vol. 2.

see also ascendingnode.

detector failure contingency, see contingencies.

diffuse attenuation coefficient, 1(7, 15); 3(2); 12(3, 4); 18(7, 9,

13, 14–15, Tables 7–8 p. 17); 21(1, 2, 7, 8, 11, 19); 24(3);

25(7); 26(5, 6–7, 36, 42, 52, 53); 27(Fig. 15 p. 30, Fig. 17

p. 32); 28(5, 7); 32(1, 2, 6–8, 11, Fig. 11 p. 23, 29, Table 2b

p. 31, Figs. 15–16 pp. 36–37, 38, 40, Figs. 20–25 pp. 43–48,

Fig. 29 p. 56); 33(25); 35(Tables 8–10 p. 25).

prelaunch algorithm, 41(ch. 2).

diffuse transmittance, see atmospheric transmittance.

–E–

empirical basis, 32(10–29, Figs. 3–14 pp. 13–28, 29–62).

engineering data, 8(7–8); 38(ch. 1).

EOS-Color, 17(3, 9–10, 11, 13–17).

EOSDIS, 17(3, 13, 17).

equator crossingtime, 2(10, 16); 9(Tables 6–7 p. 9).

contingency, 8(12).

equinox:

see azimuth.

see sun glint.

see zenith.

errata, 12(2); 18(2–3); 24(2); 30(2–4); 36(3); 43(3–4).

Executive Council, see SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting(Second).

–F–

field deployment, see calibration and validation.

field-of-view, see SeaWiFS instrument.

field program, 18(5, 15); 24(4).

computingnetwork, 3(Fig. 21 p. 31).

instrumentation, 3(34–35).

filter radiometer, 14(Table B9 p. 56).

flags, 18(4–5); 38(27–33).

algorithm, 8(3, 4, 17); 28(ch. 1).

level-2, 18(Table 9 p. 18).

level-2 processing, 8(7); 12(4, Table 3 p. 4); 38(28, Fig. 20

p. 29, Figs. 22–23 pp. 31–32, 33).

format:

conventions, 20(4–5).

standard data, 8(15); 19(ch. 5).

fractional transmittance, see atmospheric transmittance.

25
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

–G–

GAC, 1(3, 16); 15(4); 17(5, 12); 31(2).

algorithms, Vol. 4.

AVHRR data, 7(3).

correction, 31(69–71, Table 15 p. 71; 41(Fig. 11 p. 26, Fig. 12

p. 29, Table 11 p. 30, 30.

data, 15(2, 21–27, Figs. 11–14 pp. 22–25, and Plates 1–2);

38(4, 6–7, Fig. 18 p. 25, 25, 39–40).

generation mechanisms, 4(Table 1 p. 1).

generation methods, Vol. 4.

resolution, 4(Plates 1–8).

samplingtechniques, Vol. 4.

see also AVHRR.

geometry, 2(1).

derived parameters, 2(1).

solar, 2(1, 10, 16).

sun glint, 2(1).

viewing, 2(1, 10, 16).

see also azimuth.

see also zenith.

glint correction, 3(23); 8(17); 19(ch. 1, Fig. 1 p. 11).

see also sun glint.

global:

area coverage, see GAC.

fields, 27(ch. 5).

scale processes, 1(6–7).

glossary:

cumulative, 6(3–5); 12(14–17); 18(29–33); 24(14–18); 30

(14–18); 36(17–28); 43(33–39).

ground:

coverage, 2(2, Fig. 1 p. 3).

station support, 8(11).

systems and support, 1(14–15).

GSFC sphere:

aperture uniformity, 41(4–11).

calibration and characterization, 41(ch. 1).

spectral radiance, 41(11–17).

–H–

HDF, 8(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15); 13(ch. 7); 19(ch. 5).

Hierarchical Data Format, see HDF.

HRPT:

data, 1(14, 19); 8(8–9, 19); 15(2, 4, 27, Figs. 24–27 pp. 36–39,

and Plates 4–6).

policies, 8(17, Table 4 p. 20).

hydrography, see AMT, hydrography.

–I–

ice detection, 28(ch. 2).

immersion coefficients, 18(13); 27(ch. 1).

linear regression fits, 27(Tables 9–10 p. 15).

MERs, 24(3); 27(Tables 1–8 pp. 4–6, Figs. 1–8 pp. 7–14).

in-band response:

see center wavelength.

see spectral radiance.

see spectral response.

see top of the atmosphere, radiance spectrum.

index volumes, Vol. 6; Vol. 12; Vol. 18; Vol. 24; Vol. 30; Vol. 36;

Vol. 43.

index entries:

keywords, 6(1–3); 12(9–13); 18(23–28); 24(6–13); 30(5–13);

36(13–22); 43(21–32).

infrared radiometers, 7(1).

initialization, 5(4–6, Table 1 p. 5).

sampling, 5(31–32).

instrumentation at AMT, 35(3–16).

bridge logs, 35(16, 64, Tables G1–H1 pp. 69–76).

circulation and backscatter, 35(15).

CTD, 35(6).

dissolved gases, 35(16).

fluorometry, 35(10–12).

FRRF, 35(12, Table K1 pp. 80–82).

inorganic nutrients, 35(15, Table L1 p. 82).

optics, 35(6–10).

ORKA, 35(6–7).

photosynthesis and calcification, 35(12–13).

pigment extractions, 35(13–14).

sampling, 35(3).

size-fractionated carbon, 35(14–15, Tables D1–E1 pp. 67–68).

UOR, 35(4–6, Fig. 1 p. 5, Table 2 p. 5, 9, 11, 36, Table I1

p. 76).

XBT, 35(4).

see also AMT.

instrument spectral response:

see SeaWiFS instrument, spectral response.

see spectral response.

intercalibration, Vol. 14; Vol. 16; Vol. 34; Vol. 37.

data archive 14(56–57, Tables C1 and C2 p. 57).

sources, 14(Table 1 p. 4); 16(Table A1 p. 117).

irradiance attenuation profiles, 26(ch. 3).

bin-averaged, 26(46).

deck cell smoothing, 26(45–46).

optical depth, 26(46–48).

– J, K –

joint commercial aspects, 1(8).

–K–

K490, see diffuse attenuation coefficient.

–L–

LAC, 1(3); 31(2).

correction, 31(48, 65, Figs. 51–52 pp. 66–67, 68–69); 41(24–

28).

data, 1(8, 11); 15(2, 4, 27, Figs. 16–19 pp. 28–31, and Plate

3); 38(4, 6–7, 10, 25, 40).

lamps, Vol. 14; Vol. 16; Vol. 34; Vol. 37.

apparent drift, 14(Fig. 6 p. 13).

calibration setup, 14(Fig. B7 p. 53); 37(24–29).

GSFC reference, 14(Table 3 p. 12).

irradiance, 14(Fig. B4 p. 50, Table B5 p. 52, Fig. B8 p. 53,

Table B7 p. 55); 34(Table 1 p. 4, 5); 37(32, 37–38, 46–47,

52).

operatingcurrents, 14(Table 8 p. 28).

slit-scatteringfunction, 37(29, Figs. 14–15 pp. 30–31, 32,

Figs. 16–19 pp. 33–36).

standards, 14(2, 4–5); 16(3–23); 34(2–28).

see also calibration.

see also spectral irradiance.

see also spectral radiance.

see also sphere.

see also transfer.

Land-Ocean Interaction Study, see LOIS.

level-2 processingalgorithm, 28(ch. 5).

sensor calibration table, 28(31–32, Fig. 11 p. 32).

26
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

level-2 processingalgorithm cont.

see also algorithm, level-2 processing.

level-3 data products, Vol. 32.

binned, 8(8, 12); 18(Table 8 p. 17); Vol. 32.

LOIS:

airborne campaign, 33(36–37).

ARS, 33(33–34, Table 4 p. 34).

data acquisition, 33(37–38).

data analysis, 33(38–43).

data system, integrated, 33(37).

overview, 33(35–36).

remote sensing, 33(34–44).

look-up tables, 8(4); 19(5–9).

LOWTRAN, 40(ch. 1, 23, 34).

lunar observations, Vol. 10.

lunar reflectance, 3(23); 10(2–3, 7–25); 19(ch. 2); 23(9).

–M–

MARAS, 33(23, 25).

chlorophyll a concentration estimating, 33(23–25, Fig. 12

p. 24).

marine environmental radiometer, see MER.

marine optical buoy:

see MOBY.

see optical buoy.

Marine Radiometric Spectrometer, see MARAS.

mask, 18(4–5); 38(27).

algorithm, 8(3, 4, 17); 28(ch. 1).

level-2, 18(Table 9 p. 18).

level-2 processing, 3(6); 8(7); 12(4, Table 3 p. 4).

Miami edge, 13(29).

see also sun glint.

measurement protocols, 5(26–33); 25(ch. 5).

meetingagenda, see Science Team Meeting.

MER, 24(3); 27(ch. 1).

mesoscale processes, 1(6).

Miami edge mask, 13(29).

mission:

operations, 1(14–18); 11(1–2, 15).

overlap, 17(12).

overview, Vol. 1; 8(1).

MOBY, 1(3); 8(3, 4); 38(12, Fig. 8 p. 15, Fig. 11 p. 16).

calibration, 34(71–75).

review attendees, 18(Table 4 p. 10).

review summary, 18(9–11).

system schematic, 3(Fig. 17 p. 25).

see also optical buoy.

see also optical mooring.

modeling, 10(1, 10, 18, 25).

models:

aerosol, 8(17); 19(5–7, Tables 1–2 p. 6, Fig. 6 p. 17).

chlorophyll concentration, 19(Fig. 7 p. 17, Fig. 11 p. 20);

42(19–21).

instrument, 39(39–40).

orbital prediction, 1(17).

see also Brouwer-Lyddane models.

see also modeling.

see also perturbation models.

see also propagation models.

MODIS or MODIS-N, 1(19); 17(3, 5, 6–7, 8, 11, 13–15); 42(15–

17).

ATBD No. 25, 42(15).

instrument characteristics, 3(Table 4 p. 12).

MODIS or MODIS-N cont.

instrument team, 42(15).

presentations, 8(3–5).

MODTRAN7, 40(ch. 1, ch. 3).

modulation transfer function, see SeaWiFS instrument, MTF.

monochromators, 37(5–6).

–N–

navigation, 8(11); 9(4); 11(2); 15(3).

of pixels, 9(4).

NET, 3(2, Figs. 1–3 pp. 2–4, 23, 27, 28, 29–30); 8(16); 12(4);

Vol. 21.

areas of responsibility, 21(2–3).

atmospheric correction algorithm, 21(19–20).

chronology of events, 21(3–11).

pigment algorithm, 3(Fig. 3 p. 3, Fig. 20 p. 29); 29(Tables 10–

14 p. 14, Figs. 6–7 pp. 15–16, 18–29, Table 17 p. 22, Table 20 p. 22, Figs. 10–11 pp. 23–24, Tables 21–26 p. 26).

research methods, 21(11, 16, 19).

sea-truth program, 21(11, Fig. 1 p. 12, Tables 2–6 pp. 13–14,

Figs. 2–6 pp. 15–18).

team members, 21(Table 1 p. 3).

netCDF, 19(ch. 5).

NIMBUS Experiment Team, see NET.

non-research uses, 1(7–8).

normalized angular response, see angular response.

normalized water-leavingradiances, 1(15); 3(2, 6, 24, 28–29,

37–38); 4(1–3, 20); 5(1, 3–4, 6, 8, 13, 31–32, 37–38); 8(16,

42); 9(2–3).

–O–

ocean color, 1(1–4, 8, 10); 8(1–3, 22–43); 13(1, ch. 4); Vol. 17;

33(23–25, Figs. 11–12 p. 24); 42(2, 6, 9, 11, 16–17, 19,

24–25).

future missions, 3(Fig. 10 p. 12).

imagery, Vol. 17; 21(5, 6, 10, 11); 28(ch. 3, and Plates 1–6).

projects, 33(22–23).

requirements, 1(2).

see also algorithm development.

see also CZCS, pigment concentration.

ocean model validation:

biological, 33(13–16).

ocean optics protocols, Vol. 5; 8(12, 14–15, Table 4 p. 20);

Vol. 25.

see also Protocols Workshop.

Ocean Primary Productivity WorkingGroup, 42(ch. 2).

goals of, 42(10–12).

participants, 42(26–28).

recommendations from, 42(14, 15).

OCTS, 1(2); 3(11); 17(4, 10, 13, 17).

instrument characteristics, 3(Table 3 p. 11).

operational applications, 1(7–8).

OPPWG, see Ocean Primary Productivity WorkingGroup.

optical buoy, 3(Fig. 17 p. 25).

drifting, 5(9, 31); 25(12, 43).

mooring, 3(Fig. 18 p. 26); 5(8, 30–31); 25(11–12).

prototype, 5(30–31); 25(42–43).

see also MOBY.

see also PlyMBODy.

optical instruments, Vol. 5; 10(Figs. 17–19 pp. 21–22); Vol. 25.

optical measurements, Vol. 5; Vol. 25.

accuracy specifications, 5(9–15).

analysis methods, 5(33–39).

27
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

optical measurements cont.

science community, role of, 5(3); 25(5).

sensor characterization, 5(Tables 2–4 pp. 10–11, 15–25).

see also MOBY.

see also optical buoy.

optical oceanography, 33(25).

optical thickness, 8(17); 19(5, 7, Tables 3–4 p. 7, Tables 8–11

p. 10).

Rayleigh, 3(34); 9(4–6, Table 4 p. 5); 13(ch. 3, ch. 4).

orbit, 3(23).

characteristics, 9(Table 2 p. 3).

contingency, 8(12).

distribution of local time, 2(Fig. 2 p. 4).

downlink, 15(4, Table 3 p. 4).

parameters, 1(18); 2(2).

propagation, 15(3, Table 3 p. 3).

see also propagation model.

orbital:

altitude contingency, 8(11).

characteristics, 9(1, Table 3 p. 3); 15(Table 1b p. 3).

elements, 11(2).

out-of-band correction algorithm, 23(18, 42–43).

out-of-band response:

see center wavelength.

see spectral radiance.

see spectral response.

see top of the atmosphere, radiance spectrum.

overview, Vol. 1.

see also index.

oxygen A-band, see oxygen absorption band or band-7 radiance.

oxygen A-band absorption, see oxygen absorption band.

oxygen absorption band, 13(16, 19, Fig. 17 p. 19); 27(ch. 2,

Figs. 9–10 pp. 17–18, Tables 12–13 p. 19); 39(Fig. 1 p. 3,

34–35, 37–38); 40(Figs. 2–3 pp. 6–7, 8, Fig. 5 p. 10, 11,

15–16, Fig. 7 p. 17, ch. 3, 49).

see also band-7 radiance.

ozone:

absorption, 13(9, 21); 40(Tables 13–14 pp. 29–30, Table 20

p. 37, 38).

bandwidth, 40(23–26, Figs. 10–12 pp. 27–28, Tables 13–14

pp. 29–30).

concentration, 8(7); 9(5); 13(9, Figs. 6–7 p. 10, Figs. 11–12

p. 13, 30, and Plate 15); 16(7, 8).

control point value, 13(Tables 7–9 pp. 24–25).

correction, 13(ch. 4, and Plates 7–13).

data analysis, 13(1, ch. 2).

images, 13(Plates 7–13).

optical thickness, 13(Fig. 10 p. 12).

see also data set, ozone.

–P–

PACE, 33(20–22, Fig. 10 p. 21).

perturbations model:

general, 11(2–3).

special, 11(2).

photodetector measurements, 14(Table A1 p. 47).

photosynthesis, 8(24–26, 31–32, 34–35); 35(12–13, 25–26,

Fig. 13 p. 29, 39, 43–45, 57); Vol. 42.

carbon fixation, 42(19).

net, 42(29).

parameterization issues, 42(8–10).

processes, 42(4–6).

phytoplankton, 1(1, 4, 6–7); 3(12, 32); 5(6, 7, 8, 15, 24, 32, 37,

38–39); 8(1, 15, 22–41, 47); 9(2–3); 13(30); 17(1–2, 3–9,

14, 16–17); 18(4, 12, 15); 21(8, 10, 19); 25(9–12, 19, 30,

40–42, 43–47, 55, 56, 57–59); 29(1–3, 10, 11, 12, Tables 8–

9 p. 12, 20); 32(29); 33(14–15, 16, 22–23, 25, 38); 35(1–3,

9, 10, 12–14, 25–26, Fig. 13 p. 29, 38, 39, 43, Figs. 25–27

pp. 44–45, 46–47, 51, 57–59); Vol. 42.

concentration of, 42(4–6).

definition of, 42(29).

diversity of, 42(3–4).

pigment, 17(7); 25(56); 29(Tables 8–9 p. 12); Vol. 35.

algorithm, 3(28, 29); 8(24); 28(ch. 3); Vol. 29.

concentration, 1(Plates 1–5); 3(1, 2, 6, 8, 13, 23, 27, 28, 31–

32, 35); 4(Table 1 p. 1, 2, Table 3 p. 3, Figs. 5–11 pp. 6–9,

20, and Plates 1–8); 5(2); 7(1); 8(4, 14, 24, 30, 36, 40);

13(ch. 2, ch. 3); 17(7, 11, 15–16); 25(9–11, 44); 28(Tables 2–3 p. 11, 9–12, and Plates 1–6); Vol. 29; 32(Plates 1–

3).

data, 9(2).

database, 20(ch. 3).

data sets, 20(18, Table 5 pp. 20–21, 21).

mean, 13(Tables 1–2 p. 8).

ratios, 24(3); 29(Fig. 5 p. 7, Table 3 p. 8).

regressions, 29(Table 2 p. 3, Fig. 4 p. 6).

values, 4(Fig. 26 p. 15, Figs. 31–33 pp. 18–19).

see also algorithm, pigment.

see also calibration.

see also chlorophyll.

see also coccolithophore blooms.

see also CZCS, pigment concentration.

see also phytoplanton.

pixel size, 3(Fig. C1 p. 39).

Planck function, see blackbody temperature.

plaques, see reflectance, plaques.

PlyMBODy, 33(16–20, Fig. 10 p. 21).

design, 33(18, 20).

PACE, 33(20–22, Fig. 10 p. 21).

program overview, 33(18).

project progress, 33(20).

Plymouth Atmospheric Correction Experiment, see PACE.

Plymouth Marine Bio-Optical Data Buoy, see PlyMBODy.

Prelaunch Science WorkingGroup, see SPSWG.

pressure:

surface, see surface pressure.

pressure and oxygen:

absorption study, 13(ch. 3).

correction study, 13(ch. 4, and Plates: 8, 10, and 12).

primary productivity, 1(6–7); 3(12–13, 28, 30); 5(6–7, 25, 27);

8(1, 15, 22–41, 45, 47); 17(1–2, 4–5, 7–9, 14–15); 21(4);

25(10–11); 32(1, 2, 7–8, 10); 35(3, 6, 12–14, 36, 43, Fig. 26

p. 45, 46, 49, 51, 57, 59, Table K1 pp. 80–82); Vol. 42.

algorithm classification, 42(19–21).

algorithm parameterization, 42(19, 21–24).

algorithm testing, 42(23–24).

algorithm theoretical basis document (ATBD No. 25), 42(15).

algorithms, Vol. 42.

classification system for models, 42(Table 2 p. 7).

definition of, 42(29).

global annual, 42(Table 4 p. 11).

model forcing, 42(12–16).

model integration levels, 42(9–12).

workinggroup, see OPPWG.

workinggroup members, 8(Table 1 p. 14).

28
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

proceedings:

Science Team Meeting, Vol. 8.

Science Team Meeting(Second), 43(8–12).

SeaWiFS Exploitation Initiative (SEI), Vol. 33.

see also Science Team Meeting.

see also SEI.

Project, 1(3); 3(1, 13, 16, 23–24, 32, 34, 38).

goals, 1(2–3).

objectives, 1(3).

organization and personnel, 1(Table 4 p. 22); 3(Fig. 13 p. 15).

presentations, 8(3–5).

responsibilities, 12(3–4).

schematic, 1(Fig. 8 p. 12, Fig. 9 p. 13).

structure, 3(13–16).

propagation model:

along-track, 11(5, Figs. 1–8 pp. 6–9, Fig. 11 p. 11, Figs. 12–14

pp. 12–13, Fig. 16 p. 14).

cross-track, 11(5, Fig. 9 p. 10, Fig. 15 p. 13, Fig. 17 p. 14).

orbit, Vol. 11.

radial, 11(4, 5, Fig. 10 p. 10).

Protocols:

ocean optics, Vol. 5; Vol. 25.

Protocols Workshop, (bio-optical algorithm), 12(3, 5–8); 18(3–

9, 12–18); 24(2–5); 36(3–12).

attendees addresses, 12(6–8); 18(19–22); 36(6–12).

Subgroup Workshop, 18(3, 7–9, 12–13, 14–16).

team members and guests, 12(Table 1 p. 3); 18(Table 1 p. 3,

Table 3 p. 7, Table 5 p. 12, Table 6 p. 14); 18(19–22); 24

(Table 1 p. 2).

see also ocean optics.

–Q–

quality control, 3(29–30, 35–36); 10(Fig. 20 p. 23); 12(5).

ancillary data, 38(ch. 3, 40–41).

automatic programs, 38(37, 39).

codes, 38(39, Table 4 p. 39).

flags, 8(4); 12(3–4); 28(ch. 1).

level-1 screening, 3(35).

level-1a, 38(ch. 4).

level-2, 3(35); 8(4); 38(ch. 4).

level-2 product screening, 3(35–36).

level-3, 38(ch. 4).

level-3 product screening, 3(36).

masks, 8(4); 12(4); 28(ch. 1).

procedure details, 38(37).

software, 38(6–9, ch. 3, ch. 4).

see also bio-optical algorithm workshop.

–R–

radial, see propagation model.

radiance attenuation profiles, 26(ch. 3).

bin-averaged, 26(46).

deck cell smoothing, 26(45–46).

optical depth, 26(46–48).

radiance measurements, 14(Table 9 pp. 29–30, Table 10 p. 31,

Fig. 15 p. 32, Table 11 pp. 33–35, 44); 16(Table 6–7 pp. 37–

44); 19(Figs. 2–6 pp. 14–15, 23); 25(34–35, 54–55); 33(16,

Fig. 8 p. 17); 34(Fig. B2 p. 72); 37(9–10, Fig. 4 p. 11, 12,

Table 2 p. 12, Fig. 8 p. 18, Table 4 p. 22, Fig. 10 p. 23);

39(Figs. 6–9 pp. 12–15, Table 4 p. 16, ch. 2, 39).

calibration factors, 16(Fig. 18 p. 46).

output, 14(Table 12–14 pp. 38–41).

see also spectral irradiance.

radiance measurements cont.

see also spectral radiance.

radiance spectrum:

see spectral radiance.

see top of the atmosphere, radiance spectrum.

radiometers, 13(16, 19); Vol. 14; Vol. 16; 19(26–27, 30); 20(24,

26–28); 21(1, 4, 10, 11, 16); Vol. 22; Vol. 23; 25(17–29,

33–37, 45, 47, 49, 52–55); Vol. 31; 33(6, 11–12, 20, 22, 25,

30, 33); Vol. 34; Vol. 37.

above water, 5(38); 25(17–18, 28–29).

airborne, 5(7–8, 23–24); 25(33–34).

in-water, 5(10–13); 25(13–16, Tables 2–4 pp. 13–15, 48–54).

moored, 5(38); 25(55).

transfer, 37(50–52).

see also filter radiometer.

see also SeaWiFS instrument.

radiometric:

calibration, Vol. 23; 25(20–21, Fig. 1 p. 21).

profiles, 5(33–39).

specifications, 3(36–37, Table A1 p. 36); 8(4); 25(ch. 3).

standards, 5(21–23); 25(26–28, Fig. 2 p. 28).

see also characterization, radiometric.

see also radiometer.

see also SeaWiFS instrument.

references:

cumulative, 6(5–9); 12(21–28); 18(38–46); 24(24–34); 30

(27–40); 36(37–53); 43(48–66).

CZCS data, 21(23–41).

reflectance:

gradients, 10(2–3); 19(Tables 6–7 p. 8, 8).

plaque, 5(15–17); 14(5, 31, 41); 16(111); 34(63–67, Fig. 33–

34 pp. 65–66, 69); 37(19–24, 41, Fig. 22 p. 42, 47, 53–54,

Figs. B1–B2 p. 55).

research:

applications, 1(3–5).

cruises, 3(30–32).

round-robin:

calibration, 8(4, 17, Table 4 p. 21); 12(4).

data analysis, Vol. 26.

intercalibration, Vol. 14; Vol. 16; Vol. 34; Vol. 37.

protocols workinggroup, 8(Table 1 p. 14); 18(Table 3 p. 7).

see also calibration, round-robin.

–S–

satellite remote sensing, 7(1).

saturation radiances, 3(Tables A2–A4 pp. 36–37); 15 (Table 11

p. 13); 19(Table 5 p. 8).

SBRC database, see SIRREX, SBRC database.

scale, Vol. 14; Vol. 16; Vol. 34; Vol. 37.

see also transfer.

scanningcharacteristics, 9(1).

science mission goals, 3(12–13).

Science Team Meeting, Vol. 8.

abstracts, 8(22–41).

agenda, 8(5–6).

attendees, 8(51–59).

executive committee, 8(22).

invited presentations, 8(1–3).

questionnaire, 8(19–22, 44–51).

Science Team Meeting(Second), 43(8–20).

agenda, 43(9).

executive council, 43(9–10).

executive council members, 43(Table 3 p. 11).

29
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Science Team Meeting(Second) cont.

objectives, 43(9).

participants’ addresses, 43(12–20).

team members, 43(Table 2 p. 10).

workinggroups, ad hoc, 43(10–12).

SeaBAM, 43(4–8).

action items, 43(7–8).

final results and conclusions, 43(7).

objectives and approach, 43(6–7).

participants, 43(Table 1 p. 6).

participants’ addresses, 43(12–20).

SeaBASS, Vol. 20; 33(13).

file architecture, 20(ch. 1).

SEAPAK, 4(1–2, 20).

SeaStar, 1(1, 3, 8); 2(1–2); 3(21); 10(3,7).

launch sequence, 1(Fig. 4 p. 9).

operational system, 1(Fig. 6 p. 10).

orbital simulation parameters, 2(Table 1 p. 2); 11(Table 1

p. 1).

pitch rate, 10(7).

satellite, 1(Fig. 5 p. 9).

spacecraft description, 1(8–10).

SeaWiFS Bio-Optical Algorithm Mini-workshop, see SeaBAM.

SeaWiFS Exploitation Initiative, see SEI.

SeaWiFS Exploitation Initiative Bio-optical Archive and Storage System:

see SEIBASS.

see SEI.

SeaWiFS instrument, 1(1, 5–6, 8, 10–11); 4(1); 5(6, 9–14);

8(7–8, 17).

absolute accuracy, 22(19–20).

acceptance report, prelaunch, Vol. 22.

acceptance testing, 8(4, 13–14, Table 4 p. 20).

band co-registration, 22(10–11, Fig. 5 p. 12, Tables 12–13

p. 12).

band edge wavelengths, 23(51, Table 13 p. 52).

band tolerances, 22(7–8, Tables 5–7 p. 9).

bandwidths, 1(Table 1 p. 1, Fig. 2 p. 2, 11).

bilinear gains, 23(2, 4, Fig. 4 p. 5, Tables 1–4 p. 6, 6–7, Fig. 5

p. 8, 18); 31(6, Fig. 3 p. 7, Tables 3–6 p. 8, Fig. 4 p. 9).

bright target recovery 15(Fig. 8 p. 15); 31(4–5, Tables 1–2,

pp. 4–5).

calibration and characterization, 3(Fig. 14 p. 18); 8(4); 25(4,

ch. 4).

calibration constants, 23(17–18, Table 9 p. 19).

calibration equations, 23(8–14, 18).

characteristics, 2(Table 1 p. 2); 3(Table 2 p. 11, 13).

cross-track scan, 22(4, Figs. 3–4 p. 6, 7).

dark level, 22(7).

description of, 1(10–11); 23(2, Figs. 1–3 pp. 3–4); 31(3–4,

Fig. 2 p. 3).

dynamic range, 22(14, Tables 16–18 p. 17).

electronic recovery tail, 31(6, 9–10, Fig. 5 p. 11).

field-of-view, 1(11); 5(1, 10, 12–18, 20–24, 28–29, 31, 38);

22(2, Fig. 1 p. 3, 4, Table 3 p. 4, Fig. 2 p. 5).

fore-and-aft pointing, 22(7, Table 4 p. 7).

gains, 22(18, Table 21 p. 19); 23(14–17).

in-flight data, 22(29).

launch time, 2(1).

major milestones, 3(Table 7 p. 21); 22(Table 1 p. 2).

mirror sides, 23(7–8, Table 5 p. 9).

monitoringof, 1(18).

MTF, 22(14, Tables 19–20 pp. 18–19).

operations schedules, 1(17–18).

SeaWiFS instrument cont.

out-of-band response, 22(8, Tables 8–11 pp. 10–11); 23(51,

Table 14 p. 53).

pointingknowledge, 22(24, 28).

polarization, 22(12–14, Table 15 p. 13, Figs. 6–7 pp. 15–16).

radiometric calibration, Vol. 23.

scanner, 1(11, Fig. 7 p. 14).

sensitivities, 1(5, Fig. 3 p. 6); 5(Table 4 p. 11, 14); 22(11–12,

Table 14 p. 13).

spectral bands, 1(11); 9(1, Table 1 p. 2).

spectral characterization, Vol. 23.

spectral differences, 22(8, 10).

spectral response, 23(21–43); 39(ch. 1, ch. 2, ch. 3, ch. 4).

stability and repeatability, 22(28–29).

stray light response, 23(2, 13); Vol. 31.

system level response, 23(43–51).

telemetry parameters, 3(Table 8 p. 23).

temperature factors, 23(18–21); 40(ch. 6).

testingand design, 22(1–2).

test plan summary, 3(Table 6 pp. 19–20).

transient response, 22(18–19, Tables 22–23 p. 20).

vicarious calibration, 5(3–4, 33).

see also along-scan, correction.

see also optical instruments.

see also radiometer.

see also solar diffuser.

see also specifications.

see also spectral response.

see also stray light.

SeaWiFS Transfer Radiometer, see SXR.

SEI:

abstracts, extended, 33(2–44).

agenda, 33(2).

attendees, 33(45–47).

CASI band set, definition, 33(44).

contributors, 33(44–45).

SEIBASS, 33(13).

sensor:

calibration, 5(2–3); 25(4, ch. 4).

characterization, 5(15–25); 9(Table 2 p. 3); 15(13); 25(4,

ch. 4); 38(14, Figs. 10–11 p. 16, Fig. 4 p. 11).

CZCS, see CZCS.

monitoring, 1(18).

operations schedules, 1(17).

radiometry, 25(20–26).

ringing, 4(2).

ringing mask, 13(2, 27, and Plate 19).

saturation response, 15(13, 27–39).

SeaWiFS, see SeaWiFS instrument.

tilt, 15(Fig. 1 p. 5).

see also characterization.

see also CZCS, ringmask comparison.

see also radiometer.

see also SeaWiFS instrument.

see also solar diffuser.

see also specifications.

ship shadow, 8(14); 27(ch. 4).

avoidance, 5(25–26); 25(31–32).

downwellingirradiance, 27(27, Figs. 14–17 pp. 29–32).

experimental methods, 27(26, Fig. 13 p. 27).

remote sensingreflectance, 27(Fig. 18 p. 33).

shunts, 16(111–116); 34(67).

tests, 14(41–42).

SIMBIOS, 42(15).

30
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

SIRREX:

database, 20(ch. 4).

SBRC database, 20(ch. 5).

see also SIRREX-1.

see also SIRREX-2.

see also SIRREX-3.

see also SIRREX-4.

SIRREX-1, Vol. 14; 18(9).

attendees, 14(57–58).

equipment and tests, 14(Table B1 p. 49).

participants, 14(Table 1 p. 4).

validation process, 14(Fig. 1 p. 3).

SIRREX-2, Vol. 16; 18(9).

attendees, 16(116–118).

equipment and tests, 16(Table A1 p. 117).

participants, 16(Table A1 p. 117).

SIRREX-3, 18(9, 13, 16); Vol. 34.

attendees, 34(75–76).

equipment and tests, 34(Table A1 p. 70).

participants, 34(Table A1 p. 70).

SIRREX-4, Vol. 37.

attendees, 37(57–60).

software:

derived product validation, 38(ch. 5).

quality control, 38(ch. 4).

see also derived product validation.

solar:

calibration, 27(ch. 3, Tables 14–17 pp. 21–22, Figs. 11–12

p. 23, Table 18 p. 24).

diffuser, 3(11, 13, 21, 23, 24, 38); 5(2, 17, 19, 22); 8(13, 36);

Vol. 10; 15(7, Table 8 p. 11, 27, Figs. 20–21 pp. 32–33);

17(13); 19(26–32, Figs. 11–12 p. 28); 23(9–10); 39(ch. 5).

irradiance measurements, 3(Fig. 16 p. 22).

observations, Vol. 10.

see also calibration.

solar radiation, 27(ch. 3).

solstice:

see azimuth.

see sun glint.

see zenith.

specifications, 25(ch. 3).

airborne, 5(13–14).

above-water radiometry, 25(17–18).

atmospheric aerosols, 25(19).

hydrographic profiles, 25(19, Table 6 p. 19).

in-water radiometers, 25(13–16, Tables 2–4 pp. 13–15).

IOP instruments, 5(14–15); 25(18–19, Table 5 p. 18).

spectral characteristics, 5(10); 22(8–10); 25(13–14, Tables 2–

3 pp. 13–14, Table 4 p. 15, Table 5 p. 18).

spectral sky radiance, 25(19).

surface irradiance, 5(13); 25(17).

see also radiometer.

see also SeaWiFS instrument.

spectral absorption, 25(Table 5 p. 18, 56–59).

spectral bands, 1(1–2); 5(Table 2 p. 10, 17); 9(1, Table 1 p. 2);

15(Table 1a p. 2); 25(17).

spectral characterization, Vol. 23; 25(21–22).

see also characterization.

see also SeaWiFS instrument.

spectral differences, see SeaWiFS instrument.

spectral irradiance, 5(13, 16, 25–27); 8(25); 14(Figs. 2–5 pp. 8–

11, Figs. 7–14 pp. 20–27, Fig. 18 p. 43); 15(Table 10 p. 11);

Vol. 16; 19(4–5, 7, Table 5 p. 8, 26, 32, 33); 21(8, 11, 16);

25(7–11, 17, 20–21, 26–27, 32–35, 38–39, 48–55); 27(ch. 1;

spectral irradiance cont., 34(2–38, 50–51, 58, 63–65, 67–69, 71–

75); 37(14–15, 38, Figs. 20–21 pp. 39–40, 46–47).

and radiance measurements, 3(2); 5(13, 16, 21–23, 25–27).

calibration geometry, 14(Fig. B3 p. 50).

see also lamps.

spectral radiance, 5(21–23, 25–27); 8(25); 14(29–41, 45–47,

Fig. A2 p. 46, 47, 52, 55–56); 15(Table 11 p. 13); 16(24,

36, Table 6 pp. 37–42, Fig. 17 p. 45, 47—111, Figs. 19–

20 pp. 47–48, Tables 8–10 pp. 49–61, Figs. 22–27 pp. 73–78,

Tables 14–17 pp. 79–95, 115–116, 118); 19(25–26, Table 5

p. 8, Table 5 p. 23, ch. 4); 21(11, 16); 22(7, 8, 11, 19, 21,

29); 25(7–11, 12, 19, 25, 26–27, 31–35, 39, 54–55); 34(2,

28, 36–64, 68–69, 71–75); 37(6–19, Figs. 2–3 pp. 7–8, 38,

41, Table 6 p. 43, 44, Fig. 24 p. 45, 45–47, Fig. 26 p. 51,

52); 39(39, 42, Table 18 p. 43, Table 20 p. 44, Fig. 23

p. 46, 47, Table 24 p. 48, 49–50, Fig. 25 p. 52, Table 26

p. 53); 40(ch. 1, ch. 2, 26, ch. 4, ch. 5); 41(11–15, Tables 5–

6 pp. 16–17).

see also radiance measurements.

spectral reflectance, 5(37, 38); 8(27, 29–30, 35, 49); 16(2–3,

Table 20 pp. 112–113, Fig. 31 p. 114); 19(ch. 2); 25(35, 53,

55); 33(25); 37(19–20).

BSI sphere, 16(62, Fig. 22 p. 73, Table 14 pp. 79–81).

CHORS sphere, 16(62, Figs. 23–27 pp. 74–78, Tables 15–16

pp. 82–90).

calibration, 14(Fig. A1 p. 46).

GSFC sphere, 16(36, Fig. 17 p. 45, Figs. 19–20 pp. 47–48,

Tables 8–10 pp. 49–61, Fig. 21 p. 63, Tables 11–13 pp. 64–

72, 118–119, Figs. C1 and C2 p. 119).

NOAA sphere, 16(81, Table 19 pp. 106–109, Fig. 30 p. 110).

UCSB sphere, 16(62, 81, Table 17 pp. 91–95, Fig. 28 p. 96).

WFF sphere, 16(81, Table 18 pp. 97–103, Fig. 29 p. 104).

see also sphere sources.

spectral response, 14(31, Fig. A2 p. 46); 15(13); 23(21–43);

28(25); 34(37, 63, 68); 39(Figs. 1–2 p. 3, 38, ch. 3); 40(26,

Fig. 13 p. 32, Table 16 p. 33, 34, Table 17 p. 35, 39, Table 24

p. 46, ch. 5).

instrument, 22(8, 10); 23(1, 21, 23, 25, Fig. 11 p. 27, 29–51);

25(14, 17, 21); 35(9); 39(ch. 1, ch. 2, ch. 3, ch. 4).

source, 39(ch. 1).

SXR, 39(ch. 3, 49, 53).

spectral shape, 23(18); 28(ch. 4); 31(14, 16); 39(ch. 1, ch. 2,

39–40, 42, 53).

on-orbit, 39(33–34).

source, 22(8, 18); 23(18, 21, 23, 25, 29–30, 42–43, Fig. 25

p. 44, 51); 28(20, 22, 25); 39(ch. 2, 39, 40, 49, Table 25

p. 52, 53); 40(47, ch. 5).

sphere, 22(21); 39(40, 42, 49, Table 25 p. 52).

see also sphere, spectral shape.

sphere, Vol. 14, Vol. 16; Vol. 34; 37(6–19, 44).

calibration setup, 14(Fig. B5 p. 51, Fig. B9 p. 54).

GSFC, 41(ch. 1).

hardware evaluation, 37(44).

integrating, 5(15); 14(28–31, 45); 16(2); 19(ch. 4); 23(13);

34(2–3, 28, 36–38, Fig. 22 p. 49, 47, 50, 63); 37(5, 6–7,

10, 15, 20–21, 26–27, 29, 32, 37–38, 41, 46, 50, 52, 58);

39(ch. 1).

measurements, 14(Table B8 p. 55).

radiance, 14(Table B3 p. 49, Fig. B6 p. 51, Table B4 p. 52, Table B6 p. 52); 16(24, 36, Tables 6–7 pp. 37–44, Fig. 17 p. 45,

47–111, 116); 22(19); 23(2, 4, Table 1 p. 6, 33); 34(11, 36–

39, 50, Fig. 26 p. 54, 60, 62–63, 68–69); 37(9, 12, Fig. 5

p. 13, Fig. 6 p. 14, 14, 52); 39(39, 40, 47).

source comparisons, 14(42–44).

31
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

sphere cont.

source, 14(28, 31); 16(23–111); 19(25, 33); 34(28–63); 37(6,

9).

spectral shape, 39(40, 42, 49, Table 25 p. 52); 40(40).

see also spectral radiance.

see also spectral reflectance.

SPSWG, 1(1); 3(Table 5 p. 16, 27–28).

stability tests, 14(42).

standard data format, see format, standard data.

statistics, 32(3–10, Table 1 p. 12, 29).

spatial, 32(10, Table 1 p. 12, Figs. 3–4 pp. 13–17, Figs. 5–14

pp. 19–28, Tables 2–3 pp. 30–35, Figs. 15–16 pp. 36–37).

temporal, 32(29–62, Table 4 p. 38, Fig. 17 p. 39, Figs. 18–28

pp. 41–48, Table 5 p. 49–52, Figs. 26–31 pp. 53–58, Table 6

p. 59, Table 7 p. 61, Fig. 33 p. 62).

storage:

data sets, 19(Table 19 p. 44, Figs. 19–20 pp. 44–45, Table 20

p. 48); 20(Table 1 p. 9).

stray light, 16(62, 81, 105, 111, 115–116); 18(Table 9 p. 18);

19(26); 22(18–19, 29); 23(2, 13, 21); 25(42–43); 27(20);

28(5); Vol. 31, 34(39, Fig. 18 p. 44, 47, Fig. 22 p. 49, 50,

56, 62–63, 67, 69).

assessment, 31(23, Table 10 p. 28).

correction algorithm, 31(2, 20, 23, 29–71); 41(4).

masking, 41(30).

post-modification tests, 31(16–23, Figs. 11–13 pp. 17–19, Tables 8–9 pp. 21–22, Fig. 14 p. 22, Figs. 15–18 pp. 24–27).

proposed modifications, 31(16, Table 7 p. 16, 71–73).

response, 15(13, Fig. 7 p. 14, 27); 23(2, 13); 28(5).

sources, 31(10–16, Fig. 6 p. 11, Figs. 7–8 p. 13, Figs. 9–10

p. 15).

summary, see index.

sun glint, 1(18); 2(1, 10, 14); 3(6, 34); 9(2, 4–5, 6, 7, 9); 15(3,

4, 21, 27); 19(Fig. 1 p. 11); 28(5–6, 12).

at equinox, 2(10).

at solstice, 2(10, 16).

flagsensitivity study, 13(ch. 9, and Plate 20).

radiance distribution, 2(Fig. 8 p. 11, Fig. 11 p. 14).

surface pressure, 8(4, 7); 13(Table 3 p. 16, Fig. 13 p. 17, 19–

22, Tables 4–6 pp. 23–24, and Plates: 6–7 and 17); 28(11);

40(34).

surface wind products, 19(ch. 8).

SXR, 39(ch. 3); 40(40, Fig. 14 p. 43).

spectral response, 39(ch. 3, 49, 53).

see also center wavelength.

see also spectral radiance.

see also spectral response.

symbols:

cumulative, 6(5); 12(18–20); 18(34–37); 24(19–23); 30(19–

26); 36(29–36); 43(40–47).

– T, U –

telemetry, 1(10, 14); 8(11); 9(1, 2, 7, Fig. 1 p. 8, 9); 10(1,

Figs. 20–21 pp. 23–24, 25); 15(2, 13–20, Figs. 9–10 pp. 17–

18, Tables 12–13 pp. 19–20, Table 14 p. 21); 28(Table 2

p. 6).

telemetry cont.

engineering data, 38(4–9, Table 1 p. 5, Fig. 2 p. 7, Fig. 3 p. 8).

temperature:

calibration, 40(ch. 6).

correction, 40(Figs. 23–25 pp. 60–61, 61–62).

top of the atmosphere, 19(Table 6 p. 8, Table 8 p. 10, Fig. 2

p. 14, Figs. 4–5 p. 15–16, Fig. 9 p. 19, 27); 27(19, 22, 24).

radiance spectrum, 40(ch. 1, ch. 2, ch. 3, 46, Table 26 p. 49,

49, Table 32 p. 54, 55).

total band response:

see center wavelength.

see spectral radiance.

see spectral response.

see top of the atmosphere, radiance spectrum.

transfer, Vol. 14; Vol. 16; Vol. 34; Vol. 37.

irradiance scale, 14(Table 2 pp. 6–7, Tables 4–7 pp. 14–19,

28); Vol. 16.

methods, 34(37–38).

see also spectral irradiance.

see also spectral radiance.

–V–

validation, 19(9–20).

algorithm, 8(16).

product, 8(10, 16).

sampling, 5(2, 31–33).

see also algorithms.

see also calibration.

see also calibration and validation.

viewingand solar geometries, 9(4–6); 13(3, 46); 40(34).

visible radiometers, 7(1).

see also AVHRR.

see also CZCS.

see also MODIS.

see also SeaWiFS instrument.

voltmeter, 16(111–116); 34(67).

tests, 14(41–42).

–W, X, Y –

water samples, 25(39–42, 43–47).

water transmittance, 5(19); 13(4); 21(16, 19); 25(24).

water vapor transmittance, 9(5); 39(Fig. 2 p. 3).

wind:

see data sets, gridded wind.

see surface wind products.

–Z–

zenith, 2(10).

angles at equinox, 2(2, 16).

angles at solstice, 2(10, 16).

satellite angle, 13(15, 19, 46).

solar angle, 2(2, Fig. 3 p. 5, 10, Fig. 9 p. 12, Fig. 12 p. 15,

Table 3 p. 16, 16); 3(2, 8, 23); 7(1, 4); 9(Table 6 p. 9);

13(Table 11 p. 29, 46); 28(5); 38(6, Fig. 37b p. 54); 40(34).

spacecraft angle, 2(2, Fig. 4 p. 6, 10, 16); 13(Table 11 p. 29);

28(5).

32
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Glossary

–A–

A-band Absorption Band

A/D Analog-to-Digital (also written as AD)

A&M (Texas) Agriculture and Mechanics (University)

AC AlternatingCurrent

ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current

ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor

ACS Attitude Control System

ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter

ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

ADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite (Japan)

AE  ̊Angstr ̈om Exponent

AIBOP Automated and Interactive Bio-Optical Processing

ALSCAT ALPHA and ScatteringMeter [Note: the symbol α corresponds to c(λ), the beam attenuation coefficient, in present usage.]

AM-1 Not an acronym, used to designate the morning

platform of EOS.

AMC Angular Momentum Compensation

AMT Atlantic Meridional Transect

AMT-1 The First AMT Cruise

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AOCI Airborne Ocean Color Imager

AOL Airborne Oceanographic Lidar

AOP Apparent Optical Property

AOS/LOS Acquisition of Signal/Loss of Signal

APL Applied Physics Laboratory

APT Automatic Picture Transmission

ARGOS Not an acronym, but the name given to the

data collection and location system on the

NOAA Operational Satellites.

ARI Accelerated Research Initiative

ARS Airborne Remote Sensing

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASI Italian Space Agency

ASR Absolute Spectral Response

AT Along-Track

ATBD Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document

ATLAS Auto-TrackingLand and Atmosphere Sensor

ATM Airborne Thematic Mapper

ATSR Along-Track Scanning Radiometer

AU Astronomical Unit

AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

AVIRIS Advanced Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer

AXBT Airborne Expendable Bathythermograph

–B–

BAOPW-1 First Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop

BAOPW-2 Second Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop

BAOPW-3 Third Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop

BAOPW-4 Fourth Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop

BAOPW-5 Fifth Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop

BAOPW-6 Sixth Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop

BAOPW-7 Seventh Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop

BAS British Antarctic Survey

BATS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Station

BBOP Bermuda Bio-Optical Profiler

BBR Band-to-Band Registration

BCRS Dutch Remote SensingBoard

BEP Benguela Ecology Programme

BER Bit Error Rate

BIOS Biophysical Interactions and Ocean Structure

(NERC research program)

BMFT Minister for Research and Technology (Germany)

BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory

BNSC British National Space Center

BOAWG Bio-Optical Algorithm Working Group

BODC British Oceanic Data Center

BOFS British Ocean Flux Study

BOMS Bio-Optical Moored Systems

BOPS Bio-Optical ProfilingSystem

bpi bits per inch

BPM Bedford Production Model

BRDF Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function

BSI Biospherical Instruments, Incorporated

BSIXR BSI’s Transfer Radiometer

BSM Bio-Optical Synthetic Model

BTD Bright Target Detection

BTR Bright Target Recovery

BUV Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer

BWI Baltimore-Washington International (airport)

–C–

C/N Carbon-to-Nitrogen (ratio)

CalCOFI California Cooperative Fisheries Institute

Cal/Val Calibration and Validation

CALVAL Calibration and Validation

Case-1 Water whose reflectance is determined solely by

absorption.

Case-2 Water whose reflectance is significantly influenced by scattering.

CASI Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager

CCD Charge Coupled Device

CCPO Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography (Old

Dominion University)

CDF (NASA) Common Data Format

CDOM Colored Dissolved Organic Material

CD-ROM Compact Disk–Read Only Memory

CDR Critical Design Review

CEC Commission of the European Communities

CENR Committee on Environment and Natural Resources

CHN Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

CHORS Center for Hydro-Optics and Remote Sensing

(San Diego State University)

c.i. confidence interval

CICESE Centro de Investigaci ́on Cient ́ifica y de Educaci ́on Superior de Ensenada (Mexico)

CIMEL Not an acronym, but the name of a sun photometer manufacturer.

CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences

33
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

COADS Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set

COARE Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment

COAST Coastal Earth Observation Application for Sediment Transport

COOP Coastal Ocean Optics Program

COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf (software)

CPR Continuous Plankton Recorder

cpu Central ProcessingUnit

CRM Contrast Reduction Meter

CRN Italian Research Council

CRSEO Center for Remote Sensingand Environmental

Optics (University of California at Santa Barbara)

CRT Calibrated Radiance Tapes or Cathode Ray

Tube (dependingon usage).

CRTT CZCS Radiation and Temperature Tape

CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (of Australia)

CSC Computer Sciences Corporation

CSL Computer Systems Laboratory

CT Cross-Track

CTD Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth

c.v. coefficient of variation

CVT Calibration and Validation Team

CW Continuous Wave

CWL Center Wavelength

CWR Clear Water Radiance

CXR CHORS Transfer Radiometer

CZCS Coastal Zone Color Scanner

–D–

DAAC Distributed Active Archive Center

DAO Data Assimilation Office

DARR Data Analysis Round-Robin

DARR-94 First Data Analysis Round-Robin

DARR-2 Second Data Analysis Round-Robin

DAT Digital Audio Tape

DC Direct Current or Digital Count (depending on

usage).

DCF Data Capture Facility

DCM Deep Chlorophyll Maximum

DCOM Dissolved Colored Organic Material

DCP Data Collection Platform

DEC Digital Equipment Corporation

DIM Depth Integrated Model

DIN Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen

DIP Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate

DIW Distilled Water

DML Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory (Scotland)

DMS dimethyl sulfide

DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon

DoD Department of Defense

DOE Department of Energy

DOM Dissolved Organic Matter

DON Dissolved Organic Nitrogen

DOS Disk OperatingSystem

DSP Not an acronym, but an image display and analysis package developed at RSMAS—University

of Miami.

DU Dobson Units

DUT Device Under Test

DXW Not an acronym, but a lamp designator.

–E–

E&P Eppley and Peterson (compilation)

E-mail Electronic Mail

EAFB Edwards Air Force Base

EC ExcludingCHORS (data)

ECEF Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed

ECMWF European Centre for Medium Range Weather

Forecasts

ECS EOSDIS Core System

ECT Equator CrossingTime

EDMED European Directory of Marine and Environmental Data

EDT Eastern Daylight Time

EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone

EG&G Not an acronym, but a shortened form of

EG&G-Gamma Scientific (now known simply

as Gamma Scientific).

ENSO El Ni ̃no Southern Oscillation

ENVISAT Environmental Satellite

EOF Empirical Orthogonal Function

EOS Earth ObservingSystem

EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite Company

EOSDIS EOS Data Information System

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EP-TOMS Earth Probe–Total Ozone MappingSpectroradiometer

EqPac Equatorial Pacific (Process Study)

ER-2 Earth Resources-2

ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment

ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Sensor

ERDAS Not an acronym, but a trade name for an image

analysis system.

ERL (NOAA) Environmental Research Laboratories

ERS Earth Resources Satellite

ERS-1 European Remote SensingSatellite

ESA European Space Agency

EST Eastern Standard Time

EURASEP European Association of Scientists in Environmental Pollution

EUVE Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer

–F–

FASCAL Fast Calibration (Facility)

FDDI Fiber Data Distribution Interface

FEL Not an acronym, but a lamp designator.

FGGE First GARP Global Experiment

FLUPAC (Geochemical) Fluxes in the Pacific (Ocean)

FNOC Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center

FORTRAN Formula Translation (computer language)

FOV Field-of-View

FPA Focal Point Assembly

FRD Federal Republic of Deutschland (Germany)

FRRF Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer

ftp File Transfer Protocol

FWHM Full-Width at Half-Maximum

FY Fiscal Year

–G–

GAC Global Area Coverage, coarse resolution satellite data with a nominal ground resolution at

nadir of approximately 4 km.

GARP Global Atmospheric Research Program

GASM General Angle Scattering Meter

34
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

gcc GNU C Compiler

GF/F Not an acronym, but a specific type of glass

fiber filter manufactured by Whatman.

GIN Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian Seas

GIS Geographical Information System

GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies

GLI Global Imager

GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystems dynamics

GMT Greenwich Mean Time

GNU GNU’s Not UNIX

GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GOFS Global Ocean Flux Study

GOMEX Gulf of Mexico Experiment

GP Global Processing(algorithm)

GPM General Perturbations Model

GPS Global PositioningSystem

GRGS Groupe de Recherche de Geodesie Spatial

GRIB Gridded Binary

GRIDTOMS Gridded TOMS (data set)

GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center

GSO Graduate School of Oceanography (University

of Rhode Island)

G/T System Gain/Total System Noise Temperature

GUI Graphical User Interface

–H–

HAPEX Hydrological Atmospheric Pilot Experiment

HDDT High Density Data Tape

HDF Hierarchical Data Format

HEI Hoffman Engineering, Incorporated

HeNe Helium-Neon

HHCRM Hand-Held Contrast Reduction Meter

HIRIS High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer

HN (Polaroid) Not an acronym, but a linear sheet

polarizer used to check the polarization sensitivity of SeaWiFS bands 7 and 8.

HOTS Hawaiian Optical Time Series

HP Hewlett Packard

HPGL Hewlett Packard Graphics Language

HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography

HQ Headquarters

HR (Polaroid) Not an acronym, but a linear sheet

polarizer used to check the polarization sensitivity of SeaWiFS bands 1–6.

HRPT High Resolution Picture Transmission

HST Hawaii Standard Time

HYDRA Hydrographic Data Reduction and Analysis

–I–

I/O Input/Output

IAPSO International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean

IAU International Astrophysical Union

IBM International Business Machines

ICARUS Instrumentation CharacterizingAerosol Radii

UsingSun photometry

ICD Interface Control Document

ICES International Council on Exploration of the

Seas

ICESS Institute for Computational Earth System Science (University of California at Santa Barbara)

IDL Interactive Data Language

IDS Integrated Data System

IFOV Instantaneous Field of View

IGBP International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme

ILS Incident Light Sensor

IMS Information Management System

IOP Inherent Optical Property

IOSDL Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Deacon

Laboratory (UK)

IP Internet Protocol

IPD Image Processing Division

IR Infrared

IRIX Not an acronym, but a computer operatingsystem.

ISA Integrating Sphere Accessory

ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project

ISIC Integrating Sphere Irradiance Collector

ISTP International Solar Terrestrial Program

IUCRM Inter-Union Commission on Radio Meteorology

IUE International Ultraviolet Explorer

–J–

JAM JYACC Application Manager

JARE Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition

JCR (RRS) James Clark Ross

JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study

JHU Johns Hopkins University

JOI Joint Oceanographic Institute

JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory

JRC Joint Research Center

JYACC Not an acronym, but the name of the company

that makes JAM.

–K–

KQ Kd Quality (flag)

–L–

L&N Leeds & Northrup

LAC Local Area Coverage, fine resolution satellite

data with a nominal ground resolution at nadir

of approximately 1 km.

LAN Local Area Network

LANDSAT Land Resources Satellite

LCD Least Common Denominator (file)

LDEO Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory (Columbia

University)

LDGO Lamont–Doherty Geological Observatory (Columbia University)

LDTNLR Local Dynamic Threshold Nonlinear Raleigh

Level-0 Raw data.

Level-1 Calibrated radiances.

Level-2 Derived products.

Level-3 Gridded and averaged derived products.

LHCII Light-Harvesting Complex II

LMCE Laboratoire de Modelisation du climat et de

l’Environment (France)

LOC Local Time

LODYC Laboratoire d’Oc ́eanographie et de Dynamique

du climat (France)

LOICZ Land Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone

LOIS Land–Ocean Interaction Study

LOMAS Land Ocean Margins Server

35
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

LPCM Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Marines

(France)

LRER Long-Range Ecological Research

LSB Least Significant Bits

LSF Line Spread Function

LUT Look-Up Table

–M–

MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food

(UK)

MARAS Marine Radiometric Spectrometer

MAREX Marine Resources Experiment Program

MARMAP Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment, and

Prediction

MARS Multispectral Airborne Radiometer System

MASSS Multi-Agency Ship-Scheduling for SeaWiFS

MBARI Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

MCMC Markov Chain Monte Carlo

MEM Maximum Entropy Method

MER Marine Environmental Radiometer

MERIS Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer

METEOSAT Meteorological Satellite

MF Major Frame

mF Minor Frame

MIPS Millions of Instructions Per Second

MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MIZ Marginal Ice Zone

MLE Maximum Likelihood Estimator

MLML Moss LandingMarine Laboratory (San Jose

State University)

MO Magneto-Optical

MOBY Marine Optical Buoy

MOCE Marine Optical Characterization Experiment

MODARCH MODIS Document Archive

MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MODIS-N Nadir-viewingMODIS instrument

MODIS-T Tilted MODIS instrument to minimize sun glint

MOS Marine Optical Spectroradiometer

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

MRF Meteorological Research Flight

MSB Most Significant Bits

MS/DOS Microsoft/Disk OperatingSystem (also written

as MS-DOS)

MTF Modulation Transfer Function

MTPE Mission to Planet Earth

MVDS Multichannel Visible Detector System

Myr Millions of Years

–N–

NABE North Atlantic Bloom Experiment

NAS National Academy of Science

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASCOM NASA Communications

NASDA National Space Development Agency (Japan)

NASIC NASA Aircraft/Satellite Instrument Calibration

NAVSPASUR Naval Space Surface Surveillance

NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research

NCCOSC Navy Command, Control, and Ocean Surveillance Center

NCDC (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center

NCDS NASA Climate Data System

NCSA National Center for SupercomputingApplications

NCSU North Carolina State University

NDBC National Data Buoy Center

NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

NEAT Northeast Atlantic

NECC North Equatorial Counter Current

NEdL Noise Equivalent Differential Spectral Radiance

NE∆T Noise Equivalent Delta Temperature

NEδL Noise Equivalent delta Radiance

NER Noise Equivalent Radiance

NERC Natural Environment Research Council (UK)

NESDIS National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service

NESS National Environmental Satellite Service

NET NIMBUS Experiment Team

netCDF (NASA) Network Common Data Format

NFS Network File System

NGDC National Geophysical Data Center

NIMBUS Not an acronym, but a series of NASA experimental weather satellites containinga wide variety of atmosphere, ice, and ocean sensors.

NIR Near-Infrared

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

NMC National Meteorological Center

NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOARL Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory

NODC National Oceanographic Data Center

NORAD North American Air Defense (Command)

NOPS NIMBUS Observation ProcessingSystem

NOS National Ocean Service

NRA NASA Research Announcement

NRaD Naval Research and Development

NRIFSF National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries (Japan)

NRL Naval Research Laboratory

NRT Near-Real Time

NSCAT NASA Scatterometer

NSF National Science Foundation

NSSDC National Space Science Data Center

–O–

OAM Optically Active Materials

OBP Ocean Biogeochemistry Program

OCDM Ocean Color Data Mission

OCEAN Ocean Colour European Archive Network

OCI Ocean Color Irradiance (sensor)

OCR Ocean Color Radiance (sensor)

OCS Ocean Color Scanner

OCTS Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor (Japan)

ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System

ODEX Optical Dynamics Experiment

ODU Old Dominion University

OFFI Optical Free-Fall Instrument

OI Original Irradiance

OL Optronics Laboratories

OLIPAC Oligotrophy in the Pacific (Ocean)

OMEX Ocean Marine Exchange

36
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

OMP-8 Not an acronym, but a type of marine antibiofoulingcompound.

ONR Office of Naval Research

OPC Optical Plankton Counter

OPPWG Ocean Primary Productivity WorkingGroup

OPT Ozone ProcessingTeam

OrbView-2 Not an acronym, but the name of the satellite

(formerly known as SeaStar) on which the SeaWiFS instrument was launched.

ORKA On-line Real-time Knowledge-based Analysis

OS OperatingSystem

OSC Orbital Sciences Corporation

OSFI Optical Surface FloatingInstrument

OSSA Office of Space Science and Applications

OSU Oregon State University

–P–

P-I Production-Irradiance

PACE Plymouth Atmospheric Correction Experiment

(UK)

PAR Photosynthetically Available Radiation

PC (IBM) Personal Computer

PCASP Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe

(UK)

PDR Preliminary Design Review

PDT Pacific Daylight Time

PFF Programmable Frame Formatter

PGS Product Generation System

PI Principal Investigator

PIKE Phased Illuminated Knife Edge

PlyMBODy Plymouth Marine Bio-Optical Data Buoy (UK)

PM-1 Not an acronym, used to designate the afternoon platform of EOS.

PMEL Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

PMI Programmable Multispectral Imager

PML Plymouth Marine Laboratory (UK)

POC Particulate Organic Carbon

POLDER Polarization DetectingEnvironmental Radiometer (France) or Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectance (dependingon

usage).

PON Particulate Organic Nitrogen

PPARR-1 First Primary Productivity Algorithm RoundRobin (October 1995)

PPARR-2 Second Primary Productivity Algorithm

Round-Robin (August 1997)

PPARR-3 Third Primary Productivity Algorithm RoundRobin

PPC Photoprotectant Carotenoids

ppm parts per million

PR Photo Research

PRIME Plankton Reactivity in the Marine Environment (UK)

PRR ProfilingReflectance Radiometer

PRT Platinum Resistance Thermometer

PSC Photosynthetic Carotenoids

PSII Photosystem II

PST Pacific Standard Time

PSU Practical Salinity Units

PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene

PUR Photosynthetically Usable Radiation

PZN Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Nutrients

–Q–

QC Quality Control

QED Quantum Efficient Device

QUBIT Trade name of commercial data logging system.

–R–

R&A Research and Applications

R&D Research and Development

R/V Research Vessel

RACER Research on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates

RACS(C) Rivers Basins-Atmosphere-Coast and Estuaries

Study (Coastal)

RAF Royal Air Force (UK)

RC Resistor-Capacitor (circuit)

RDBMS Relational Database Management System

RDF Radio Direction Finder

RDI RD Instruments

RF Radio Frequency

RFP Request for Proposals

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer

rms root mean squared

ROSIS Remote SensingImagingSpectrometer, also

known as the Reflective Optics System Imaging

Spectrometer (Germany)

ROV Remotely Operated Vehicle

ROW Reverse Osmosis Water

RR Round-Robin

RRS Royal Research Ship

RSADU Remote SensingApplications Development

Unit

RSMAS Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric

Sciences (University of Miami)

RSS Remote SensingSystems (Inc.)

RTM ReversingThermometer

RTOP Research and Technology Operation Plan

–S–

S/C Spacecraft

S/N Serial Number

SAC Satellite Applications Centre

SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite

SBE Sea-Bird Electronics

SBRC (Hughes) Santa Barbara Research Center

SBRS (Hughes) Santa Barbara Remote Sensing (new

name for SBRC)

SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer

SBUV-2 Second Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer

SCADP SeaWiFS Calibration and Acceptance Data

Package

SCDR SeaWiFS Critical Design Review

SCF Science ComputingFacility

SCOR Scientific Committee on Oceanographic Research

SDPS SeaWiFS Data ProcessingSystem

SDS Scientific Data Set

SDSU San Diego State University

SDY Sequential Day of the Year

SeaBAM SeaWiFS Bio-Optical Algorithm Mini-workshop

SeaBASS SeaWiFS Bio-Optical Archive and Storage System

SeaDAS SeaWiFS Data Analysis System

37
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

SeaOPS SeaWiFS Optical ProfilingSystem

SEAPAK Not an acronym, but an image display and analysis package developed at GSFC.

SeaSCOPE SeaWiFS Study of Climate, Ocean Productivity, and Environmental Change

SeaStar Not an acronym, but the former name of the

satellite on which SeaWiFS was launched; now

known as OrbView-2.

SeaWiFS Sea-viewingWide Field-of-view Sensor

SEEP Shelf Edge Exchange Program

SEI SeaWiFS Exploitation Initiative (UK)

SEIBASS SeaWiFS Exploitation Initiative Bio-Optical

Archive and Storage System (UK)

SES Shelf Edge Study

SFP Size-Fractionated Pigments

SGI Silicon Graphics, Incorporated

SHP Shaft Horsepower

SI International System of Units or Syst`eme International d’ Unit`es

SIG Special Interest Group

SIMBIOS Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Ocean Studies

SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography

SIO/MPL Scripps Institution of Oceanography/Marine

Physical Laboratory

SIRREX SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment

SIRREX-1 The First SIRREX (July 1992)

SIRREX-2 The Second SIRREX (June 1993)

SIRREX-3 The Third SIRREX (September 1994)

SIRREX-4 The Fourth SIRREX (May 1995)

SIRREX-5 The Fifth SIRREX (July 1996)

SIS Spherical Integrating Source or SensorenInstrumente Syst`eme (dependingon usage).

SISSR Submerged In Situ Spectral Radiometer

SJSU San Jose State University

SMM Solar Maximum Mission

SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio

SO Southern Ocean (algorithm)

SOC Southampton Oceanography Center (UK) or

Simulation Operations Center (dependingon

usage).

SOGS SeaStar Operations Ground Subsystem

SOH State of Health

SOW Statement of Work

SPIE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers

SPM Suspended Particulate Material or Special Perturbations Model (dependingon usage).

SPMPR SeaWiFS Post-Modification Preship Review

SPO SeaWiFS Project Office

SPOT Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre

(France)

SPR SeaWiFS Preship Review

SPSWG SeaWiFS Prelaunch Science WorkingGroup

SQL Sequential Query Language

SRC Satellite ReceivingStation (NERC)

SRT Sigma Research Technology, Incorporated

SSLSP SeaWiFS Stray Light Signal Paths

SSM/I Special Sensor for Microwave/Imaging

SST Sea Surface Temperature or SeaWiFS Science

Team (dependingon usage).

ST Science Team

Sterna Not an acronym, but a BOFS Antarctic research project.

STM Science Team Member

SUDS Submersible Upwellingand DownwellingSpectrometer

SUN Sun Microsystems

SWAP Sylter Wattenmeer Austausch-Prozesse

SWG Science WorkingGroup

SWIR Shortwave Infrared

SWL Safe WorkingLoad

SXR SeaWiFS Transfer Radiometer

–T–

T-S Temperature-Salinity

TAE Transportable Applications Executive

TAO Thermal Array for the Ocean or more recently,

Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean

TBD To Be Determined

TBUS Not an acronym, but a NOAA orbital element.

TDI Time-Delay and Integration

TDRSS Trackingand Data Relay Satellite System

TIM Time Integrated Model

TIROS Television Infrared Observation Satellite

TLCF Team Leader ComputingFacility

TLM Telemetry

TM Technical Memorandum

TOA Top of the Atmosphere

TOGA Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program

TOMS Total Ozone MappingSpectrometer

TOPEX Topography Experiment

TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder

TRMM Tropical Rainfall MeasuringMission

TSM Total Suspended Material

TV Thermal Vacuum

–U–

UA University of Arizona

UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite

UAXR University of Arizona’s Transfer Radiometer

UCAR University Consortium for Atmospheric Research

UCMBO University of California Marine Bio-Optics

UCSB University of California at Santa Barbara

UCSD University of California at San Diego

UH University of Hawaii

UIC Underway Instrumentation and Control (room)

UIM/X User Interface Management/X-Windows

UM University of Miami

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and

Cultural Organization

UNIX Not an acronym, but a computer operatingsystem.

UoP University of Plymouth (UK)

UOR UndulatingOceanographic Recorder

UPS Uninterruptable Power System

URI University of Rhode Island

URL Universal Resource Locator

USC University of Southern California

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

USF University of South Florida

UTC Coordinated Universal Time (definition reflects

actual usage instead of following the letters of

the acronym)

38
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

UTM Universal Transverse Mercator (projection)

UV Ultraviolet

UVB Ultraviolet-B

UWG User WorkingGroup

–V–

V0 Version 0

V1 Version 1

VAX Virtual Address Extension

VCS Version Control Software

VDC Volts Direct Current

VGPM Vertically Generalized Production Model

VHF Very High Frequency

VHRR Very High Resolution Radiometer

VI Virtual Instrument

VISLAB Visibility Laboratory (Scripps Institution of

Oceanography)

VISNIR Visible and Near Infrared

VMS Virtual Memory System

VSF Volume ScatteringFunction

–W–

WFF Wallops Flight Facility

WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute

WIM Wavelength Integrated Model

WMO World Meteorological Organization

WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment

WORM Write-Once Read-Many (times)

WP2 Not an acronym, but a standard net mesh size

(200 μm).

WRM Wavelength Resolved Model

WVS World Vector Shoreline

–X–

XBT Expendable Bathythermograph

XDR External Data Representation

– Y, Z –

YBOM Yamato Bank Optical Mooring

39
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Symbols

–A–

a The semi-major axis of the Earth’s orbit; a formulation constant; a constant equal to 0.983; a constant

equal to −20/tanh(2); an exponential value in the

expression relatingthe radiance of scattered light

to wavelength; or a regression coefficient (dependingon usage).

a ̃ The measured value of a.

a The absorption at the Raman excitation wavelength.

a(λ) Total absorption coefficient.

a(z, λ) Spectral absorption coefficient.

aa The specific absorption of chlorophyll a.

aabc The specific absorption of chlorophylls a, b, and c.

ab The specific absorption of chlorophyll b.

ac The specific absorption of chlorophyll c.

ae(λ) Absorption coefficient due to substances other than

water.

af (z, λ) ap(λ) − at(z, λ).

ag The DOM/detritus specific absorbance.

ag(λ) Gelbstoff spectral absorption coefficient.

ai Cubic polynomial coefficients.

ai(λa, T) Initial estimate of the apparent absorption coefficient; used for determiningthe apparent absorption

coefficient for substances other than water.

aN Normalized absorption coefficient.

ao Oxygen absorption coefficient.

aox Coefficient for oxygen absorption.

aoz Coefficient for ozone absorption.

ap(λ) Particulate spectral absorption coefficient.

aP P The specific absorption of PPC.

aps(λ) Photosynthetically active pigment spectral absorption coefficient.

aP S The specific absorption of PSC.

as(λ) The sediment specific absorption coefficient.

at(λ) Tripton spectral absorption coefficient.

aw(λ) The absorption coefficient for pure water.

awv Coefficient for water vapor absorption.

aφ The DOM/chlorophyll combined absorbance.

aφ(λ) Phytoplankton pigment spectral absorption coefficient.

aM

φ (λ) Phytoplankton pigment spectral absorption coefficient determined in methanol extract.

A Fittingcoefficient for P4 − X, or the clearance area

of a filter (dependingon usage).

A(k) Absorptivity.

A(λ) Coefficient for calculating bb(λ).

A(λa) AC-9 instrument calibration factor for absorption.

A(λc) AC-9 instrument calibration factor for beam attenuation.

A0 Coefficient for the linear term in the scan modulation correction equation.

Ad The detector aperture.

Ad(z,λ) Linear regression intercepts at the center of a fitted

depth interval for ln of Ad(z,λ) (defined in Vol. 26).

Af The foam reflectance.

Ai The intersection area, or an arbitrary constant (dependingon usage).

A

i An arbitrary constant.

Aj An arbitrary constant.

A

j An arbitrary constant.

Al(z,λ) Linear regression intercepts at the center of a fitted

depth interval for ln of Al(z,λ) (defined in Vol. 26).

Au(z,λ) Linear regression intercepts at the center of a fitted

depth interval for ln of Au(z,λ) (defined in Vol. 26).

–B–

b A formulation coefficient, a constant equal to 1/3,

or a regression coefficient (depending on usage).

b(z, λ) The total scatteringcoefficient.

b(θ, z, λ0) Volume scatteringcoefficient.

bb Backscatteringcoefficient.  ̃bb(λ) The backscatter ratio (bb/b).

bb(z, λ) The spectral backscatteringcoefficient.

bbc(λ) The spectral backscatteringcoefficient for phytoplankton.

bbp The particle specific backscatter coefficient (usually normalized to chlorophyll a concentration).

bbw The backscatter coefficient of water.

bi(λ) Initial estimate of the particle scatteringcoefficient;

used for determiningthe apparent particle scatteringcoefficient for substances other than water.

bmin Scatteringassociated with phytoplankton (Prieur

and Sathyendranath 1981).

bp(λ) Total particle scattering.

br(λ) Total Raman scatteringcoefficient.

bR The Raman scatteringcoefficient.

bs(λ) The sediment specific scatteringcoefficient.

bw(λ) The total scatteringcoefficient for pure seawater.

b1(k) Input data for polarization calculations for SeaWiFS

band 1.

b7(k) Input data for polarization calculations for SeaWiFS

band 7.

B Excess target radiance; the fitting coefficient for

eB/P5 ; the width of band 7; a variable in the expression for limitingreflectance (Rlim), defined as

0.33b/Kd; or an empirical constant (dependingon

usage).

B(λ) Coefficient for calculating bb(λ).

B0 Coefficient for the power term in the scan modulation correction equation.

B1 BBOP casts 1 m from the ship’s stern.

B6 BBOP casts 6 m from the ship’s stern.

Bb An empirical constant dependent on the backscatter

ratio.

Bb(λ) Greybody radiance model.

–C–

c ̃ The measured value of c.

c(z, λ) Spectral beam attenuation coefficient.

c(z, 660) Red beam attenuation (at 660 nm).

ce(λ) Corrected non-water beam attenuation coefficient.

ci(λ) Initial estimate of the beam attenuation coefficient

(used for determiningthe apparent beam attenuation coefficient for substances other than water).

cp(λ) Beam attenuation coefficient due to particles.

cw(λ) Beam attenuation coefficient for pure water equal

to aw(λ) + bw(λ).

[chl. a]/K Concentration of chlorophyll a over K, the diffuse

attenuation coefficient.

C Chlorophyll a pigment, or just pigment concentration.

C

(λ) AC-9 factory calibration coefficient.

C

r(λ) Additional AC-9 factory calibration coefficient.

C1 Measured value for the flight diffuser on a given scan

line in counts, or a polynomial regression factor (dependingon usage).

C2 Measured value of the flight diffuser for the scan line

immediately sequential to the first scan line used to

measure the flight diffuser (i.e., S1 in counts).

40
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

C13 Pigment concentration derived using CZCS bands 1

and 3.

C23 Pigment concentration derived using CZCS bands 2

and 3.

Ca The concentration of chlorophyll a.

Cabc The concentration of chlorophylls a, b, and c.

Cb The concentration of chlorophyll b.

Cc The concentration of chlorophyll c.

Cdark Instrument dark restore value, in counts.

Cest Estimated chlorophyll concentration.

Cext Average total extinction cross-section of a particle.

CF The calibration factor.

CK Average chlorophyll a concentration within the first

optical depth (mgChl m−3).

Cout Instrument output, in counts.

CP Phaeopigment concentration.

CP P PPC concentration.

CP S PSC concentration.

Cr(λ) Digital response of reference detector.

Cref Reference chlorophyll value (0.5).

Csat Satellite-based surface chlorophyll concentration

(mgChl m−3).

CS Simulated C.

Csed Sediment concentration (SPM).

Ct(λ) Digital response of water transmission detector.

Ctemp Temperature sensor output, in counts, represented

by an 8-bit digital word in the SeaStar telemetry.

CT P Total pigment concentration.

[C + P] Pigment concentration defined as milligrams of chlorophyll a plus phaeopigments per cubic meter.

(CO2)GLOB Global CO2 concentration in parts per million.

–D–

d The distance between source and detector apertures.

d(I(λ)) An increment in detector current.

di Distance from the ith observation point to the point

of interest.

dj Distance from the jth observation point to the point

of interest.

dP C Daily depth-integrated primary production (mgC

m−2 d−1).

ds Detector configuration datum.

dλ An increment in wavelength.

D Sequential day of the year.

D Orbit position difference vector.

Dat Along-track position difference.

Dct Cross-track position difference.

Drad Radial position difference.

DC Digital count (value), or direct current (depending

on usage).

DC10 Digital counts at 10-bit digitization.

DCmeas The digital counts measured unshadowed.

DCscat The digital counts due to scattered sunlight.

DCTOA The digital counts measured at the top of the atmosphere.

DL Day length.

–E–

e Orbit eccentricity of the Earth.

Eˆ(z,m) A smoothed estimate of irradiance obtained by a

least-squares regression fit in the center of a depth

interval.

E(λ) Spectral irradiance.

E(λ, 50) Spectral irradiance measured at 50 cm from a source.

E0 Incident downwellingirradiance.

E

0 The downwellingirradiance at the Raman excitation wavelength.

Ea(λ) Irradiance in air.

Ebeg Beginning irradiance value.

Ecal Calibration source irradiance.

Ed(λ) Incident downwellingirradiance.

Ed(0, λ) Surface irradiance.

Ed(0−, λ) Incident spectral irradiance.

Ed(z, λ) Downwellingspectral irradiance profile.

E

d(z, λ) Normalized downwelled spectral irradiance.

Eend Endingirradiance value.

Emeas(λ) Measured radiance.

Es(z, λ) Vertical profile of surface irradiance.

Es(zm,λ) Defined as H

Es(λ).

Es(λ) Surface irradiance.

Es(λ) The measured irradiance vector of length M.

Es,i(λ) The value of Es(z,λ) at node depth zi.

Eref (λ) Reference radiance.

Erem Percentage of energy removed from a wavelength

band.

Esky(λ) Spectral sky irradiance distribution.

Esun(z, λ) Spectral sun irradiance distribution.

Eu(z, λ) Upwellingspectral irradiance profile.

Eu(0−, λ) Upwellingspectral irradiance just beneath the sea

surface.

Ew(z, λ) Irradiance in water.

EWN (λ) Normalized water-leavingirradiance.

–F–

f The fraction of the surface covered by foam, the

ratio of sensor-to-instrument diameters, a factor relatingIOPs to irradiance reflectance, or the ratio of

new primary production to total primary production (dependingon usage).

fi Filter number, i=0–11.

f(T) Offset voltage correction from the linear function

characterizingtemperature response.

f(λ) Instrument spectral response function.

f-ratio The ratio of new to total production.

F Fluorescence.

F ̄ Arithmetic average.

F(λ) A mean conversion factor.

F(λ) A calibration factor.

F(λ) A conversion factor to convert PR714 readings to

the GSFC sphere radiance scale.

F  ̄(λ) Average of calibration factors.

F0 The extraterrestrial irradiance corrected for Earthsun distance, or initial fluorescence (dependingon

usage).

F0 The scalar value of the solar spectral irradiance at

the top of the atmosphere, multiplied by a columnar

matrix of the four Stokes parameters (1/2, 1/2, 0,

0).

F0 Mean solar irradiance.

F

0 Extraterrestrial irradiance corrected for the atmosphere.

F0(λ) Mean extraterrestrial spectral irradiance.

F0(λ) Mean extraterrestrial irradiance.

F1 Pigment biomass loading factor.

F2 Detritus concentration loadingfactor.

41
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

F3 Carotenoid concentration (or relative pigment abundance) loadingfactor.

Fa Forward scatteringprobability of the aerosol.

Fd The total flux incident on the surface if it did not

reflect light.

F

d The total flux incident on the surface, corrected for

surface reflection.

F

d The scalar value of the total flux incident on the

surface, corrected for surface reflection, multiplied

by a columnar matrix of the four Stokes parameters.

FGAC A GAC correction factor.

Fi A correction factor, or an immersion coefficient (dependingon usage).

Fm Total sample maximal fluorescence (directly comparable to values measured by standard active fluorometers).

FSL A correction factor for stray light.

Fv(λ) Field-of-view coefficient or variable fluorescence,

Fm − F0.

–G–

g A constant that consists of the ratios of the air–sea

interface effects, the effects of the light field, and

the relative spectral variation of Q.

g(T) Coefficient of a linear function characterizingtemperature response.

g1 A constant equal to 0.82.

g2 A constant equal to −0.55.

gij Integrals of γij (defined in Vol. 26).

gs Gain selection datum.

G Gain factor, or the concentration of DOM and DOMlike absorbers (dependingon usage).

G(z, λ) Solid angle dependence with water depth.

G(λ) R`a(λi)/R`a(670) = (670/λ)

γ T2r(670)/T2r(λi).

G(μ0, λ) The effect of the downwellinglight field.

G1 Gain setting1.

G2 Gain setting2.

G3 Gain setting3.

G4 Gain setting4.

Ge Gravitational constant of the Earth (398,600.5 km3

s−2).

Gn Gain factor at gain setting n.

–H–

h(k) Residual values without the calculated sinusoidal response.

h(λ) Normalized response function.

hij Analytic integral coefficients over the Hermitian polynomials γij .

hmj Matrix elements (defined in Vol. 26).

H Matrix of coefficients hij , or [hmj ] (dependingon

usage).

H(λi:λj ) Pigment calculated from the hyperbolic transform

of Li:j .

HGMT GMT in hours.

HM The measured moon irradiance.

Hs Altitude of the spacecraft (for SeaStar 705 km).

–I–

i Inclination angle, interval index, or variable infrared

bands (dependingon usage).

i

 Inclination angle minus 90◦.

I Rayleigh intensity.

I(λ) Detector current.

I0 Surface downwellingirradiance.

I1 Radiant intensity after traversingthrough an absorbingmedium.

I2 Reflected radiant energy received by the satellite

sensor.

Imax Recorded maximum instrument output in response

to linearly polarized light.

Imin Recorded minimum instrument output in response

to linearly polarized light.

ICS Current from the current source diode.

–J–

j Interval index, or variable infrared bands (dependingon usage).

J2 The J2 gravity field term (0.0010863).

J3 The J3 gravity field term (−0.0000254).

J4 The J4 gravity field term (−0.0000161).

J5 The J5 gravity field term.

–K–

k Wavenumber of light (1/λ), the fractional factor of

total particle scattering, the molecular absorption

cross-section area, or an index to two vectors of

band ratios k1 and k2 (dependingon usage).

k y/ tan θ0w.

k1 Beginning wavenumber, or a band ratio vector (dependingon usage).

k2 Ending wavenumber, or a band ratio vector (dependingon usage).

kc Wavelength independent fraction.

kc(λ) Spectral fit coefficient weighted over the SeaWiFS

bands; k

c(λ) also used.

ks A constant related to as and bs. 

K Vector of Kn.

K(λ) Generic irradiance attenuation coefficient.

K(z, λ) Diffuse attenuation coefficient.

K(440) Diffuse attenuation coefficient of seawater measured

at 440 nm.

K(490) Diffuse attenuation coefficient of seawater measured

at 490 nm.

K0(λ) Diffuse attenuation coefficient at z = 0.

K1 Primary instrument sensitivity factor.

K2 Gain factor.

K3 Temperature dependence of detector output.

K4 Scan modulation correction factor.

K5 Spacecraft analog-to-digital conversion factor.

K6 Analog-to-digital offset in spacecraft conversion.

K7 Current from the diode at 20◦C.

Kc(λ) Attenuation coefficient for phytoplankton.

Kd Diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwellingirradiance.

Kd(z,λ) Vertical profile of the diffuse attenuation coefficient

for the downwellingirradiance spectrum.

K

d(z,λ) Kd(z,λ) determined by least squares regression over

a depth interval.

KE(λ) Attenuation coefficient downwelled irradiance.

Kg(λ) Attenuation coefficient for Gelbstoff.

Ki A correction constant at the ith pixel.

KL(z,λ) Vertical profile of the diffuse attenuation coefficient

for the upwellingradiance spectrum.

42
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

K

L(z,λ) KL(z,λ) determined by least squares regression over

a depth interval.

Kn K at node depth zn determined, with its vertical

derivative by least-squares fit to radiometric profiles.

Ks(z, λ

) Apparent attenuation coefficient measured in a homogenous water column.

Ku(z, λ) Vertical attenuation coefficient for upwelled irradiance.

K

u(z,λ) Ku(z,λ) determined by least squares regression over

a depth interval.

Kw(λ) Attenuation coefficient for pure seawater.

KP UR A temperature-dependent variable in the productivity model of Morel (1991) that defines the shape of

the photosynthesis–irradiance relationship.

–L–

l Cuvette pathlength.

ls Nominal absorption pathlength.

L Radiance of light transmitted through absorbing oxygen.

L(0, 0) Spectral radiance measured at the point closest to

the center of a sphere.

L(411.5) Spectral radiance at 411.5 nm.

L(532) Spectral radiance at 532 nm.

L(z, θ, φ) Submerged upwelled radiance.

L(λ) Spectral radiance.

L(λm) The radiance of a calibration sphere at the nominal

peak wavelength of a filter.

L(

λ, θ, φ) Atmospheric path radiance at flight altitude.

L0 The radiance of the atmosphere.

L1(λ) Apparent radiance response to a linearly polarized

source.

L2(λ) Orthogonal apparent radiance response to a linearly

polarized source.

La Atmospheric path radiance due to aerosols.

Latm Radiance of light reflected from the atmosphere.

Lc(λ) Cloud radiance threshold.

Lcal Calibration source radiance.

Lcloud The maximum radiance from reflected light off of

clouds.

Ld A matrix of the four Stokes parameters for radiance

incident on the surface.

Lg(λ) Sun glint radiance.

Li Incident light, or the length of the ith element (dependingon usage).

Li(λ) Spectral radiance for run number i, or radiance,

where i may represent any of the following: m for

measured; LU for look-up table; 0 for light scattered by the atmosphere; sfc for reflection from the

sea surface; and w for water-leavingradiance.

Li:j The ratio of normalized water-leavingradiances at

wavelengths i (λi) to j (λj ): LWN (λi)/LWN (λj ).

LLU The radiance calculated for the look-up tables.

Lm The radiance of the ocean–atmosphere system measured at a satellite.

LM The radiance of the moon.

Lmax Maximum saturation radiance.

Lnadir Measured radiance at nadir.

LNER(λ) Noise equivalent radiance.

Lr(λ) Atmospheric path radiance due to Rayleigh scattering.

Lr0(λ) Rayleigh radiance at standard atmospheric pressure,

P0.

Ls(λ) Subsurface water radiance.

Lsa L0 + Lsfc.

Lsat(λ) Saturation radiance for the sensor.

Lscan Measured radiance at any pixel in a scan.

Lsfc The radiance of the light reflected from the sea surface.

Lsfc The columnar matrix of the four Stokes parameters

(Lu,1, Lu,2, Lu,3, Lu,4).

Lsky(λ) Spectral sky radiance distribution.

Lt(λ) Total radiance at the top of the atmosphere (where

a satellite sensor is located).

Ltoa Radiance emerging at the top of the atmosphere.

Ltypical Expected radiance from the ocean measured on orbit.

Lu(z, λ) Upwellingspectral radiance profile.

Lu(0−, λ) Upwellingspectral radiance just beneath the sea

surface.

Lˆu(λ) True upwelled spectral radiance.

L ̃u(λ) Measured upwelled spectral radiance.

Lup The columnar matrix of light leaving the surface

containingthe values Lup,1, Lup,2, Lup,3, and Lup,4.

Lup,i The RADTRAN radiance parameters (for i = 1, 4).

Lw The scalar value of the water-leavingradiance multiplied by a columnar matrix of the four Stokes parameters.

LW The water-leavingradiance of light scattered from

beneath the surface and penetratingit.

LW (443) Water-leavingradiance at 443 nm.

LW (520) Water-leavingradiance at 520 nm.

LW (550) Water-leavingradiance at 550 nm.

LW (670) Water-leavingradiance at 670 nm.

L

WN Normalized water-leavingradiance at the Raman

excitation wavelength.

LWN (λ) Normalized water-leavingradiance.

LS1 Measured radiance for mirror side 1.

LS2 Measured radiance for mirror side 2.

–M–

m Index of refraction, or an air mass (dependingon

usage).

M Path length through the atmosphere, or the total

number of discrete data points in a vertical radiometeric profile (dependingon usage).

M

m The corrected mean orbit anomaly of the Earth,

which is a function of date, and refers to an imaginary moon in a circular orbit.

Moz Path length for ozone transmittance.

–N–

n The index of refraction, the mean orbital motion in

revolutions per day, the gain setting, or the starting

index in a measurement for angular measurements,

or node index for the integral K analysis (depending

on usage).

n(λ) An exponent conceptually similar to the  ̊Angstr ̈om

exponent.

ng(λ) Index of refraction of PlexiglasTM.

nw(λ) Index of refraction of water.

N The total number of something, or the ending index in a measurement sequence for angular measurements, or total number density (dependingon

usage).

ND The compensation factor for a 4 logneutral density

filter.

Ni Total number density of either the first or second

aerosol model when i = 1 or 2, respectively.

43
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

–O–

O P × V .

(O2/N2)ref The referenced amount of O2/N2.

(O2/N2)samp The sampled amount of O2/N2.

O20 OFFI casts 20 m from the ship’s stern.

ODb(λ) Baseline optical density spectrum.

ODg(λ) Optical density of soluble material (Gelbstoff).

ODp(λ) Optical density spectra of filtered particles.

ODr(λ) Optical density reference for filtered or distilled water.

ODt(λ) Optical density of non-pigmented particulates (tripton).

–P–

p Surface pressure.

pa A factor to account for the probability of scattering

to the spacecraft for three different paths from the

sun.

pa/(4π) Aerosol albedo of the scatteringphase function.

pCO2 The partial pressure of CO2.

pdev Pressure deviation between the minimum and maximum surface pressures compared to 1,013 mb.

pref Reference pressure.

pw The probability of seeingsun glitter in the direction

θ, Φ given the sun in position θ0, Φ0 as a function of

wind speed (W).

P Nodal period, phaeopigment concentration, local

surface pressure, or the particulate concentration

includingdetrital material (dependingon usage).

P Orbit position vector.

P(θ+) Phase function for forward scattering.

P(θ−) Phase function for backward scattering.

P(λ) Polarization sensitivity.

P0 Standard atmospheric pressure (1,013.25 mb).

Pa Probability of scatteringto the spacecraft.

Pedge A pixel located on the exact edge of a bright source

in a GAC scene.

PG Gross photosynthesis is defined as the number of

electrons photochemically produced from the splittingof water.

Pi PR714 raw radiance, the fittingcoefficient for i = 1–

5, or the ith pixel under correction (dependingon

usage).

Pn Net photosynthesis is defined as PG − Rl.

PP C Annual average phytoplankton particulate organic

carbon production (gC m−2 yr−1).

PS Simulated Ca + CP (q.v.).

Pslit Designates the number of pixels after the slit for the

instrument to return to the residual counts allowed

in the specification.

PT Depth-integrated primary production.

PW Probability of seeingsun glint in the spacecraft direction.

Pxl Pixel number, i.e., the numerical designation of a

pixel in a scan line.

Pzero Designates the number of pixels required for the instrument to settle to a level of zero residual counts.

Pb

(z) Chlorophyll-specific photosynthetic rate at depth z.

Pb

opt Maximum chlorophyll-specific carbon fixation rate

within a water column.

P B Chlorophyll normalized photosynthesis.

P B

max Pmax normalized to chlorophyll concentration.

P Bmax Maximum biomass-specific photosynthetic rate.

P F Polarization factor.

P P Primary productivity.

P∆ The location of the pixel to be corrected in GAC

pixels relative to the (bright target) edge pixel.

Pσ Phaeopigment concentration.

–Q–

q Water transmittance factor.

Q The ratio of upwellingirradiance to radiance, which

varies with the angular distribution of the upwelling

light field, and is π for an isotropic distribution.

Q(λ) Lu(0−, λ) to Eu(0−, λ) relation factor (equal to π

for a Lambertian surface).

–R–

r Water–air reflectance for totally diffuse irradiance,

the radius coordinate, the Earth–sun distance, or

the lamp-to-plaque distance in centimeters (dependingon usage).

r1 The radius of circle one, or source aperture (dependingon usage).

r2 The radius of circle two, or detector aperture (dependingon usage).

ri The geometric mean radii of either the first or second aerosol model when i = 1 or 2, respectively.

R Reflectance, the linear correlation coefficient, or phytoplankton respiration (dependingon usage).

R The reflection matrix.

R Mean Earth–sun distance.

R2 The square of the linear correlation coefficient.

R(0−, λ) Irradiance reflectance just below the sea surface.

R(λ) The irradiance reflectance at a particular wavelength.

R1 A multiplier for mirror side 1.

R2 A multiplier for mirror side 2.

Ra Aerosol reflectance.

R`a Ra/(qT2r).

RB Bidirectional reflectance distribution function.

Rd Dark respiration by the photosynthetic organism.

Re Mean Earth radius (6,378.137 km).

RE Effective resistance for the thermistor–resistor pair.

Ri Radiance of the ith pixel.

Rl All the losses of fixed carbon due to respiratory processes of the photosynthetic organism in the light.

R

L Reflectance from an uncalibrated radiometer.

RL(z, λ) Spectral reflectance.

Rlim Limitingreflectance for definingCase-1 water.

Rr Rayleigh reflectance.

Rrs Remote sensingreflectance.

Rrs(z, λ) Spectral remote sensingreflectance profile.

Rs Subsurface reflectance.

Rt Total reflectance at the sensor.

R`t (Rt − Rr)/(qT2r).

RT Resistance of the thermistor.

Rz Sunspot number.

–S–

s The reflectance of the atmosphere for isotropic radiance incident at its base.

s(λ) The slope for the range 0–1,023.

sxy Residual standard deviation.

S The solar constant, or the slope of a line (depending

on usage).

44
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

S(λ) The solar spectral irradiance, or La(λ)/La(670) (dependingon usage).

S(λr) A coefficient of water temperature variation in

aw(λ, T).

SG(λ) Radiometer signal (uncalibrated) measured viewing

a reflectance plaque.

Si Initial detector signal.

Sn Detector signal with gain.

Ssky Radiometer signal (uncalibrated) measured viewing

the sky.

SW (λ) Radiometer signal (uncalibrated) measured viewing

the water.

–T–

t Time variable, or the transmission of Lsfc through

the atmosphere (dependingon usage).

t

 The transmission of LW through the atmosphere.

t(k) Spectral transmission as a function of wavenumber.

t(λ) Diffuse transmittance of the atmosphere.

t(750, θ) Diffuse transmittance between the ocean surface and

the sensor at 750 nm.

t0 Initial time, or the sum of the direct and diffuse

transmission of sunlight through the atmosphere

(dependingon usage).

t1 First observation time.

t2 Second observation time.

ta Aerosol transmittance after absorption.

tas Aerosol transmittance after scattering.

td Direct component of transmittance after absorption

by the gaseous components of the atmosphere, scatteringand absorption by aerosols, and scatteringby

Rayleigh.

td(z, λ) Downward spectral irradiance transmittance from

flight altitude z to the surface.

te Time difference in hours between present position

and most recent equator crossing.

tEC Equator crossingtime.

toz Transmittance after absorption by ozone.

tr Transmittance after Rayleigh scattering.

ts Diffuse component of transmittance after absorption by the gaseous components of the atmosphere,

scatteringand absorption by aerosols, and scatteringby Rayleigh.

twv Transmittance after absorption by water vapor.

T Tilt position.

T Instrument temperature duringcalibration.

T ◦ Levitus climatological median upper ocean temperature (18.1◦C) as computed by Antoine et al. (1996).

T(λ) The transmittance alongthe slant path to the sun.

T(λ, θ) Total transmittance (direct plus diffuse) from the

ocean through the atmosphere to the spacecraft

alongthe path determined by the spacecraft zenith

angle θ.

T(λ, θ, θ0) Two-way transmission through oxygen in the model

layer in terms of zenith angle (θ), and solar angle

(θ0).

T0(λ, θ0) Total downward transmittance of irradiance.

T2r Two-way diffuse transmittance for Rayleigh attenuation.

Te Equation of time.

Tg(λ) Transmittance through a glass window.

Tox Transmittance of oxygen (O2).

Toz Transmittance of ozone (O3).

Ts(λ) Transmittance through the surface.

Tw(λ) Transmittance through a water path.

Twv Transmittance of water vapor (H2O).

– U, V –

V Volume of water filtered.

V Orbit velocity vector.

Vˆ True voltage.

V ̃ Measured voltage.

V (z) Transmissometer voltage.

V (θ) Normalized measured value for a cosine collector.

V (θi) Mean normalized measured value of instrument response.

Vair Factory transmissometer air calibration voltage.

V 

air Current transmissometer air calibration voltage.

Vdark Transmissometer dark response.

Vi(tj ) The ith spatial location at observation time tj .

VM The radiance detector voltage while viewing the

moon.

VS The irradiance detector voltage while viewing the

sun.

VT Focal plane temperature sensor voltage output.

–W–

wm The weighting coefficient at each depth zm.

W Wind speed, or equivalent bandwidth (depending

on usage).

Wd Direct irradiance divided by the total irradiance at

the surface.

Ws Diffuse irradiance divided by the total irradiance.

Wθ Weighting function.

–X–

x The abscissa or longitudinal coordinate, or the pixel

number within a scan line (dependingon usage).

X ECEF x component of orbit position, or depth in

meters (dependingon usage).

X ̇ ECEF X component of orbit velocity.

–Y–

y The ordinate, meridional coordinate, or an empirical factor (dependingon usage).

Y ECEF y component of orbit position; or the base 10

logarithm of the radiometric measurement Ed, Eu,

or Lu (dependingon usage).

Y ̇ ECEF Y component of orbit velocity.

–Z–

z The vertical coordinate (frequently water depth).

z Corrected depth for pressure transducer depth offset

relative to a sensor.

zeu Depth of the euphotic zone.

zi The depth of a particular node.

zm Centered depth, or the depth of the mth data point

in a vertical radiometric profile (dependingon usage).

zn The node depth number (n = 0, . . . ,N − 1).

zr Shallow depth.

zs Exclusion depth due to data contamination.

Z ECEF z component of orbit position, or a substrate

(dependingon usage).

Z ̇ ECEF Z component of orbit velocity.

– Other –

* Normalization-to-chlorophyll concentration.

45
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

– Greek –

α Percent albedo, tilt angle, formulation coefficient

(intercept), the power constant in the  ̊Angstr ̈om

formulation, the exponential value in the expression

relatingthe extinction coefficient to wavelength, the

off-axis angle, or the light-limited slope of the

photosynthesis–irradiance relationship (depending

on usage).

α A power law constant.

α∗(λ) Chlorophyll-specific, spectral absorption coefficient

for phytoplankton.

α0 A curve fittingconstant.

α1 A curve fittingconstant.

α2 A curve fittingconstant.

α750 Albedo at 750 nm.

αB Chlorophyll normalized α.

β A formulation coefficent (slope), a constant in the

 ̊Angstr ̈om formulation, or the correction method for

pathlength amplification (depending on usage).

β(z, λ, θ) Spectral volume scatteringfunction.

β ̃(θ) The normalized scatteringphase function (β(θ)/b).

βb The measured integral of the volume scattering function in the backward direction.

βi The extinction coefficient of either the first or second aerosol model when i = 1 or 2, respectively; or

the filter absorption correction factor for scattering

within the filter.

γ The  ̊Angstr ̈om exponent.

γ(λ) The ratio of the aerosol optical thickness at wavelength λ to the aerosol optical thickness at 670 nm.

γij (ξ) Hermitian cubic polynomial.

δ The great circle distance from Ψs(t0) to Ψs(t − t0),

the departure of each individual conversion factor

from the mean, a relative difference, the absorption

coefficient, or the cosine response asymmetry (dependingon usage).

∆k Equivalent bandwidth.

∆L The difference between L and L0.

∆LW (670) The error in the water-leavingradiance for the red

channel.

δ(O2:N2)GLOB The changes in the global O2:N2.

∆p The difference in atmospheric pressure.

∆pCO2 The difference in the partial pressure of CO2 in the

air and in the sea.

∆P The difference in successive pixels, or the pressure

deviation from standard pressure, P0 (dependingon

usage).

∆t Time difference.

∆T Changes in temperature.

∆T(λ) The error in transmittance.

∆z Half-interval depth increment.

∆θ Angular increment.

∆θs The error (in radians) in the knowledge of θs.

∆λ An interval in wavelength.

∆ρw(λ) The error in the water-leavingreflectance for the

red channel.

∆σ(λ) The absolute error in spectral optical depth.

∆τa The error in the aerosol optical thickness.

∆Φmax The ratio Fv/Fm which corresponds to the (normalized) maximum number of reaction centers in the

chlorophyll population which are capable of photosynthesis.

∆ω The longitude difference from the subsatellite point

to the pixel.

∆ωs Longitude difference.

D Cosine collector response error or an atmospheric

correction parameter (dependingon usage).

D(i, j) The ratio of La in two bands i and j.

Dsky Self-shadingerror for Esky.

Dsun Self-shadingerror for Esun.

ε(λ) 1 − e−ka(λ)r.

η The bearingfrom the sub-satellite point to the pixel

alongthe direction of motion of the satellite.

θ The spacecraft zenith angle, spacecraft pitch, the

polar angle of the line-of-sight at a spacecraft, the

centroid angle of the scattering measurement, or a

generalized angle (depending on usage).

 ̇

θ Pitch rate.

θ0 Polar angle of the direct sunlight, or solar zenith

angle (depending on usage).

θ0w Refracted solar zenith angle.

θ1 The intersection angle of circle one or the lower integration limit (depending on usage).

θ2 The intersection angle of circle two or the upper

integration limit (depending on usage).

θa In-air measurement angle.

θi Any nominal angle.

θn The zenith angle of the vector normal to the surface

vector for which glint will be observed, or an angular

origin (depending on usage).

θN The angle with respect to nadir that the sea surface

slopes to produce a reflection angle to the spacecraft

or an angular terminus (depending on usage).

θs Scan angle of sensor or the solar zenith angle (dependingon usage).

θ

s Scan angle of sensor adjusted for tilt.

θt Tilt angle.

θw In-water measurement angle.

κ An integration constant: κ = Adπr2

1(r21+r22+d2)

−1.

κ Self-shadingcoefficients.

λ Wavelength of light.

λ A channel of nominal wavelength, or the Raman

excitation wavelength (depending on usage).

λ0 Center wavelength.

λ1 Starting wavelength.

λ2 Endingwavelength.

λi A wavelength of light at a particular band.

λj A wavelength of light at a particular band.

λm Nominal center wavelength.

λn Any nominal wavelength.

λr Near-IR wavelength.

μ Mean value, or cosine of the satellite zenith angle

(dependingon usage).

μ0 Cosine of the solar zenith angle.

μd(z, λ) Spectral mean cosine for downwellingradiance at

depth z.

μd(0+, λ) Spectral mean cosine for downwellingradiance at

the sea surface.

μs The reciprocal of the effective optical length to the

top of the atmosphere, alongthe line of sight to the

sun.

46
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

νj The jth temporal weighting factor.

ξ A local depth coordinate ranging from −1 at node

zi−1 to +1 at node zi, or actual deployment distance

(dependingon usage).

ξ(λ) Minimum ship-shadow avoidance distance.

ξd The calculated deployment distance for downwelling

irradiance measurements.

ξEM The distance between the Earth and the moon.

ξL The calculated deployment distance for upwelling

radiance measurements.

ξu The calculated deployment distance for upwelling

irradiance measurements.

Π Depth-integrated primary production.

ρ The Fresnel reflectivity, the weighted direct plus diffuse reflectance, or the average reflectance of the sea

(dependingon usage).

ρ ̃ The Fresnel reflectance for sun and sky irradiance.

ρ(θ) Fresnel reflectance for viewinggeometry.

ρ(θ0) Fresnel reflectance for solar geometry.

ρ(λ) The bidirectional reflectance.

ρc,i Reflectance of clouds and ice.

ρg(λ) Gray card or plaque reflectance.

ρi The reflectance of the sea of either the first or second

aerosol model when i = 1 or 2, respectively.

ρi(λ) The reflectance where i may represent any of the

following: m for measured; LU for look-up table;

o for light scattered by the atmosphere; sfc for reflection from the sea surface; or w for water-leaving

radiance.

ρn Sea surface reflectance for direct irradiance at normal incidence for a flat sea.

ρN Reflectance for diffuse irradiance.

σ One standard deviation of a set of data values.

σ2 The mean square surface slope distribution.

σ(λ) The spectral optical depth.

σ2

i σ2i = (log r − log ri)

2.

ΣP P Classification system for primary productivity models based on implicit levels of integration.

σt The density of sea water determined from the in

situ salinity and temperature, but at atmospheric

pressure.

σθ The density of sea water determined from the in

situ salinity and the potential temperature (θ), but

at atmospheric pressure.

τ Vector of measured optical depths.

τ (z, λ) Vertical profile of the spectral optical depth.

τˆ(z,λ) The estimated vertical profile of the spectral optical

depth.

τa Aerosol optical thickness.

τg(λ) Uniform mixed gas optical thickness.

τo(λ) Ozone optical thickness.

τox Oxygen optical thickness at 750 nm.

τox(λ) Optical thickness due to oxygen absorption.

τoz The optical thickness of ozone.

τr Rayleigh optical thickness (due to scattering by the

standard molecular atmosphere).

τ 

r Pressure corrected Rayleigh optical thickness.

τR(λ) Rayleigh optical thickness.

τr0 Rayleigh optical thickness at standard atmospheric

pressure, P0.

τro Rayleigh optical thickness weighted by the SeaWiFS

spectral response.

τs(λ) Spectral solar atmospheric transmission.

τwv The absorption optical thickness of water vapor.

τwv(λ) Water vapor optical thickness.

φ Azimuth angle of the line-of-sight at a spacecraft.

φ0 Azimuth angle of the direct sunlight.

Φ Spacecraft azimuth angle or roll (depending on usage).

Φ A photoadaptive variable which is a chlorophyllspecific quantum yield for absorbed PAR.

Φ Roll rate.  ̇

Φ0 Solar azimuth angle.

ΦD The detector solid angle.

ΦM The solid angle subtended by the moon at the measuringinstrument.

φ A photoadaptive variable which is a chlorophyllspecific quantum yield for available PAR.

χ Proportionality constant.

Ψ The pixel latitude, yaw, or the ratio of depthintegrated primary production to the product of

depth-integrated chlorophyll a and time-integrated

radiant energy [gC (gChl)−1 Ein−1 m−2] (depending

on usage).

Ψ Yaw rate.  ̇

Ψd Solar declination latitude.

Ψs(t) Subsatellite latitude as a function of time.

ω Longitude variable, the surface reflection angle, or

the single scatteringalbedo (dependingon usage).

ω0 Old longitude value.

ωa Single scattering albedo of the aerosol.

ωe Equator crossinglongitude.

ωi Spatial weighting factor.

ωs Longitude variable.

Ω Solar hour angle, or the amount of ozone in Dobson

units (dependingon usage).

47
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

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The SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Vol. 1

Hooker, S.B., W.E. Esaias, G.C. Feldman, W.W. Gregg, and

C.R. McClain, 1992: An Overview of SeaWiFS and Ocean

Color. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 1, S.B. Hooker

and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight

Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 24 pp., plus color plates.

Vol. 2

Gregg, W.W., 1992: Analysis of Orbit Selection for SeaWiFS:

Ascendingvs. DescendingNode. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 2, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 16 pp.

Vol. 3

McClain, C.R., W.E. Esaias, W. Barnes, B. Guenther, D. Endres, S.B. Hooker, G. Mitchell, and R. Barnes, 1992: Calibration and Validation Plan for SeaWiFS. NASA Tech.

Memo. 104566, Vol. 3, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone,

Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,

Maryland, 41 pp.

Vol. 4

McClain, C.R., E. Yeh, and G. Fu, 1992: An Analysis of GAC

SamplingAlgorithms: A Case Study. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 4, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 22 pp., plus color plates.

Vol. 5

Mueller, J.L., and R.W. Austin, 1992: Ocean Optics Protocols

for SeaWiFS Validation. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol.

5, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 43 pp.

Vol. 6

Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1992: SeaWiFS Technical

Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–5. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 6, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 9 pp.

Vol. 7

Darzi, M., 1992: Cloud Screeningfor Polar OrbitingVisible

and IR Satellite Sensors. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol.

7, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 7 pp.

Vol. 8

Hooker, S.B., W.E. Esaias, and L.A. Rexrode, 1993: Proceedings of the First SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 8, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 61 pp.

Vol. 9

Gregg, W.W., F.C. Chen, A.L. Mezaache, J.D. Chen, J.A.

Whiting, 1993: The Simulated SeaWiFS Data Set, Version 1. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 9, S.B. Hooker,

E.R. Firestone, and A.W. Indest, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 17 pp.

Vol. 10

Woodward, R.H., R.A. Barnes, C.R. McClain, W.E. Esaias,

W.L. Barnes, and A.T. Mecherikunnel, 1993: Modeling

of the SeaWiFS Solar and Lunar Observations. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 10, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 26 pp.

Vol. 11

Patt, F.S., C.M. Hoisington, W.W. Gregg, and P.L. Coronado,

1993: Analysis of Selected Orbit Propagation Models for

the SeaWiFS Mission. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol.

11, S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone, and A.W. Indest, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 16 pp.

Vol. 12

Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1993: SeaWiFS Technical

Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 12, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 28 pp.

Vol. 13

McClain, C.R., K.R. Arrigo, J. Comiso, R. Fraser, M. Darzi,

J.K. Firestone, B. Schieber, E-n. Yeh, and C.W. Sullivan, 1994: Case Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 1. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 13,

S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 52 pp., plus

color plates.

Vol. 14

Mueller, J.L., 1993: The First SeaWiFS Intercalibration RoundRobin Experiment, SIRREX-1, July 1992. NASA Tech.

Memo. 104566, Vol. 14, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone,

Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,

Maryland, 60 pp.

Vol. 15

Gregg, W.W., F.S. Patt, and R.H. Woodward, 1994: The Simulated SeaWiFS Data Set, Version 2. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 15, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 42 pp., plus color plates.

Vol. 16

Mueller, J.L., B.C. Johnson, C.L. Cromer, J.W. Cooper, J.T.

McLean, S.B. Hooker, and T.L. Westphal, 1994: The Second SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment,

SIRREX-2, June 1993. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol.

16, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 121 pp.

Vol. 17

Abbott, M.R., O.B. Brown, H.R. Gordon, K.L. Carder, R.E.

Evans, F.E. M ̈uller-Karger, and W.E. Esaias, 1994: Ocean

Color in the 21st Century: A Strategy for a 20 -Year Time

Series. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 17, S.B. Hooker

and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight

Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20 pp.

Vol. 18

Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1995: SeaWiFS Technical

Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–17. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 18, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 47 pp.

67
SeaWiFS Prelaunch Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index

Vol. 19

McClain, C.R., R.S. Fraser, J.T. McLean, M. Darzi, J.K. Firestone, F.S. Patt, B.D. Schieber, R.H. Woodward, E-n. Yeh,

S. Mattoo, S.F. Biggar, P.N. Slater, K.J. Thome, A.W.

Holmes, R.A. Barnes, and K.J. Voss, 1994: Case Studies

for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 2. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 19, S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone,

and J.G. Acker, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland, 73 pp.

Vol. 20

Hooker, S.B., C.R. McClain, J.K. Firestone, T.L. Westphal,

E-n. Yeh, and Y. Ge, 1994: The SeaWiFS Bio-Optical

Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS), Part 1. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 20, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 40 pp.

Vol. 21

Acker, J.G., 1994: The Heritage of SeaWiFS: A Retrospective on the CZCS NIMBUS Experiment Team (NET) Program. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 21, S.B. Hooker

and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight

Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 43 pp.

Vol. 22

Barnes, R.A., W.L. Barnes, W.E. Esaias, and C.R. McClain,

1994: Prelaunch Acceptance Report for the SeaWiFS Radiometer. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 22, S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone, and J.G. Acker, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 32 pp.

Vol. 23

Barnes, R.A., A.W. Holmes, W.L. Barnes, W.E. Esaias, C.R.

McClain, and T. Svitek, 1994: SeaWiFS Prelaunch Radiometric Calibration and Spectral Characterization. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 23, S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone,

and J.G. Acker, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland, 55 pp.

Vol. 24

Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1995: SeaWiFS Technical

Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–23. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 24, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 36 pp.

Vol. 25

Mueller, J.L., and R.W. Austin, 1995: Ocean Optics Protocols

for SeaWiFS Validation, Revision 1. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 25, S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone, and J.G.

Acker, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 66 pp.

Vol. 26

Siegel, D.A., M.C. O’Brien, J.C. Sorensen, D.A. Konnoff, E.A.

Brody, J.L. Mueller, C.O. Davis, W.J. Rhea, and S.B.

Hooker, 1995: Results of the SeaWiFS Data Analysis

Round-Robin (DARR-94), July 1994. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 26, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 58 pp.

Vol. 27

Mueller, J.L., R.S. Fraser, S.F. Biggar, K.J. Thome, P.N. Slater,

A.W. Holmes, R.A. Barnes, C.T. Weir, D.A. Siegel, D.W.

Menzies, A.F. Michaels, and G. Podesta, 1995: Case Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 3. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 27, S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone,

and J.G. Acker, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland, 46 pp.

Vol. 28

McClain, C.R., K.R. Arrigo, W.E. Esaias, M. Darzi, F.S. Patt,

R.H. Evans, J.W. Brown, C.W. Brown, R.A. Barnes, and

L. Kumar, 1995: SeaWiFS Algorithms, Part 1. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 28, S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone,

and J.G. Acker, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland, 38 pp., plus color plates.

Vol. 29

Aiken, J., G.F. Moore, C.C. Trees, S.B. Hooker, and D.K.

Clark, 1995: The SeaWiFS CZCS-Type Pigment Algorithm. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 29, S.B. Hooker

and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight

Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 34 pp.

Vol. 30

Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1996: SeaWiFS Technical

Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–29. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 30, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 43 pp.

Vol. 31

Barnes, R.A., A.W. Holmes, and W.E. Esaias, 1995: Stray

Light in the SeaWiFS Radiometer. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 31, S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone, and J.G.

Acker, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 76 pp.

Vol. 32

Campbell, J.W., J.M. Blaisdell, and M. Darzi, 1995: Level-3

SeaWiFS Data Products: Spatial and Temporal Binning

Algorithms. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 32, S.B.

Hooker, E.R. Firestone, and J.G. Acker, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 73 pp.,

plus color plates.

Vol. 33

Moore, G.F., and S.B. Hooker, 1996: Proceedings of the First

SeaWiFS Exploitation Initiative (SEI) Team Meeting.

NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 33, S.B. Hooker and

E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 53 pp.

Vol. 34

Mueller, J.L., B.C. Johnson, C.L. Cromer, S.B. Hooker, J.T.

McLean, and S.F. Biggar, 1996: The Third SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment (SIRREX-3), 19–

30 September 1994. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 34,

S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone, and J.G. Acker, Eds., NASA

Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 78 pp.

Vol. 35

Robins, D.B., A.J. Bale, G.F. Moore, N.W. Rees, S.B. Hooker,

C.P. Gallienne, A.G. Westbrook, E. Mara ̃n ́on, W.H.

Spooner, and S.R. Laney, 1996: AMT-1 Cruise Report

and Preliminary Results. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol.

35, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 87 pp.

Vol. 36

Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1996: SeaWiFS Technical

Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–35. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 36, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 55 pp.

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Vol. 37

Johnson, B.C., S.S. Bruce, E.A. Early, J.M. Houston, T.R.

O’Brian, A. Thompson, S.B. Hooker, and J.L. Mueller,

1996: The Fourth SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin

Experiment (SIRREX-4), May 1995. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 37, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 65 pp.

Vol. 38

McClain, C.R., M. Darzi, R.A. Barnes, R.E. Eplee, J.K. Firestone, F.S. Patt, W.D. Robinson, B.D. Schieber, R.H.

Woodward, and E-n. Yeh, 1996: SeaWiFS Calibration and

Validation Quality Control Procedures. NASA Tech.

Memo. 104566, Vol. 38, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone,

Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 68 pp.

Vol. 39

Barnes, R.A., E-n. Yeh, and R.E. Eplee, 1996: SeaWiFS Calibration Topics, Part 1. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol.

39, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 66 pp.

Vol. 40

Barnes, R.A., R.E. Eplee, Jr., E-n. Yeh, and W.E. Esaias, 1997:

SeaWiFS Calibration Topics, Part 2. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 40, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 67 pp.

Vol. 41

Yeh, E-n., R.A. Barnes, M. Darzi, L. Kumar, E.A. Early, B.C.

Johnson, and J.L. Mueller, 1997: Case Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 4. NASA Tech.

Memo. 104566, Vol. 41, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone,

Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,

Maryland, 35 pp.

Vol. 42

Falkowski, P.G., M.J. Behrenfeld, W.E. Esaias, W. Balch, J.W.

Campbell, R.L. Iverson, D.A. Kiefer, A. Morel, and J.A.

Yoder, 1998: Satellite Primary Productivity Data and Algorithm Development: A Science Plan for Mission to Planet

Earth. NASA Tech. Memo. 1998–104566, Vol. 42, S.B.

Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space

Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 36 pp.

Vol. 43

Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1998: SeaWiFS Prelaunch

Technical Report Series Final Cumulative Index. NASA

Tech. Memo. 1998–104566, Vol. 43, S.B. Hooker and E.R.

Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland, 69 pp.

69
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SeaWiFS, Oceanography, Cumulative, Index, Summary, Overview, Errata, Addenda, 69

Glossary, Symbols, References, Bio-optical Algorithm Mini-workshop, Science Team

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6. AUTHOR(S)

 Elaine R. Firestone and Stanford B. Hooker

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, D.C. 20546–0001 TM–1998–104566, Vol. 43

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) is the follow-on ocean color instrument to the Coastal Zone Color

Scanner (CZCS), which ceased operations in 1986, after an eight-year mission. SeaWiFS was launched on 1 August 1997,

on the SeaStar satellite, built by Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The SeaWiFS Project at the National Aeronautics and

Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), undertook the responsibility of documenting all

aspects of this mission, which is critical to the ocean color and marine science communities. This documentation, entitled

the SeaWiFS Technical Report Series, is in the form of NASA Technical Memorandum Number 104566 and 1998–104566.

All reports published are volumes within the series. This particular volume, which is the last of the so-called Prelaunch

Series serves as a reference, or guidebook, to the previous 42 volumes and consists of 6 sections including: an addenda, an

errata, an index to key words and phrases, lists of acronyms and symbols used, and a list of all references cited. The editors

have published a cumulative index of this type after every five volumes. Each index covers the reference topics published

in all previous editions, that is, each new index includes all of the information contained in the preceeding indexes with the

exception of any addenda.