NASA Technical Memorandum 104566, Vol. 12

SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Stanford B. Hooker and

Elaine R. Firestone, Editors

Volume 12, SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

Elaine R. Firestone and Stanford B. Hooker

August 1993
NASA Technical Memorandum 104566, Vol. 12

SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Stanford B. Hooker, Editor

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland

Elaine R. Firestone, Technical Editor

General Sciences Corporation

Laurel, Maryland

Volume 12, SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

Elaine R. Firestone

General Sciences Corporation

Laurel, Maryland

Stanford B. Hooker

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

1993
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Abstract

The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) is the follow-on ocean color instrument to the Coastal

Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), which ceased operations in 1986, after an eight-year mission. SeaWiFS is expected

to be launched in 1994, on the SeaStar satellite, being built by Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The

SeaWiFS Project at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center

(GSFC), has undertaken the responsibility of documenting all aspects of this mission, which is critical to the

ocean color and marine science communities. This documentation, entitled the SeaWiFS Technical Report

Series, is in the form of NASA Technical Memorandum Number 104566. All reports published are volumes

within the series. This particular volume serves as a reference, or guidebook, to the previous 11 volumes and

consists of 6 sections including: an errata, an addendum (a summary of the SeaWiFS Working Group Bio-optical

Algorithm and Protocols Subgroups Workshops), an index to key words and phrases, a list of all references cited,

and lists of acronyms and symbols used. It is the editors’ intention to publish a cumulative index of this type

after every five volumes in the series. This will cover the topics published in all previous editions of the indices,

that is, each new index will include all of the information contained in the preceeding indices.

1. INTRODUCTION

This second in a series of indices, published as a separate volume in the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view (SeaWiFS) Technical Report Series, covers information found

in the first 11 volumes of the series. The Report Series is

written under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Technical Memorandum (TM) Number

104566. The volume numbers, authors, and titles are as

follows:

Vol. 1 S.B. Hooker, W.E. Esaias, G.C. Feldman,

W.W. Gregg, and C.R. McClain, An Overview of SeaWiFS and Ocean Color.

Vol. 2 W.W. Gregg, Analysis of Orbit Selection for

SeaWiFS: Ascendingvs. DescendingNode.

Vol. 3 C.R. McClain, W.E. Esaias, W. Barnes, B.

Guenther, D. Endres, S.B. Hooker, B.G.

Mitchell, and R. Barnes, SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation Plan.

Vol. 4 C.R. McClain, E. Yeh, and G. Fu, An Analysis of GAC SamplingAlgorithms: A Case

Study.

Vol. 5 J.L. Mueller and R.W. Austin, Ocean Optics

Protocols for SeaWiFS Validation.

Vol. 6 E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker, SeaWiFS

Technical Report Series Cumulative Index:

Volumes 1–5.

Vol. 7 M. Darzi, Cloud Screeningfor Polar OrbitingVisible and IR Satellite Sensors.

Vol. 8 S.B. Hooker, W.E. Esaias, and L.A. Rexrode, Proceedings of the First SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting.

Vol. 9 W.W. Gregg, F. Chen, A. Mezaache, J.

Chen, and J. Whiting, The Simulated SeaWiFS Data Set.

Vol. 10 R.H. Woodward, R.A. Barnes, W.E. Esaias,

W.L. Barnes, A.T. Mecherikunnel, Modelingof the SeaWiFS Solar and Lunar Observations.

Vol. 11 F.S. Patt, C.M. Hoisington, W.W. Gregg,

and P.L. Coronado, Analysis of Selected Orbit Propagation Models.

This volume within the series serves as a reference, or

guidebook, to the aforementioned volumes. It consists of

the four main sections included with the first index published, Volume 6, in the series: a cumulative index to key

words and phrases, a glossary of acronyms, a list of symbols used, and a bibliography of all references cited in the

series. In addition, starting with this volume, errata and

addendum sections have been added to address issues and

needed corrections that have come to the editors’ attention

since the volumes were first published.

The nomenclature of the index is a familiar one, in the

sense that it is a sequence of alphabetical entries, but it utilizes a unique format since multiple volumes are involved.

Unless indicated otherwise, the index entries refer to some

aspect of the SeaWiFS instrument or project, for example,

the mission overview index entry refers to an overview of

the SeaWiFS mission. An index entry is composed of a

keyword or phrase followed by an entry field which directs

the reader to the possible locations where a discussion of

the keyword can be found. The entry field is normally

made up of a volume identifier shown in bold face, followed by a pages identifier, which is always enclosed in

parentheses:

keyword, volume(pages).

1
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

If an entry is the subject of an entire volume, the volume

field is shown in slanted type with no page field:

keyword, Vol. #.

Figures or tables that provide particularly important summary information are also indicated as separate entries in

the pages field. In this case, the figure or table number is

given with the page number on which it appears.

2. ERRATA

1. Vol. 5: In Table 1, page 5 under the first section,

Primary Optical Measurements, the third item down

reads: “Upwelled Spectral Irradiance.” It should read:

Upwelled Spectral Radiance.

2. Vol. 6: The authorship of this volume was incorrectly

printed as: “Stanford B. Hooker and Elaine R. Firestone.” It should read: Elaine R. Firestone and Stanford B. Hooker.

3. Vol. 7: The title of this volume was incorrectly printed

as: “Cloud Screening for Polar Orbiting and Infrared

(IR) Satellite Sensors.” The title of this volume should

read: “Cloud Screening for Polar Orbiting and IR Satellite Sensors.”

4. Note: The expected SeaWiFS launch date has been

changed, as of this volume, to 1994.

5. Note: It had been expected that SeaWiFS would utilize

the ozone measurement data obtained from the NIMBUS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). In

May 1993, however, this instrument ceased operations.

To date, an alternative sensor that will provide equivalent or similar data for the SeaWiFS mission is being

investigated.

6. Note: Since the issuance of previous volumes, a number

of the references cited have changed their publication

status, i.e., they have gone from “submitted” or “in

press” to printed matter. In other instances, some part

(or parts) of the citation has changed, for example, the

title or year of publication. Listed below are the references in question as they were originally cited in one

or more of the first 11 volumes in the series, along with

how they now appear in the references section of this

volume.

Original Citation

Abel, P., B. Guenther, R. Galimore, and J. Cooper,

1991: Calibration results for NOAA-11 AVHRR

channels 1 and 2 from congruent aircraft observations, J. Atmos. and Ocean. Technol., (submitted).

Revised Citation

Abel, P., B. Guenther, R. Galimore, and J. Cooper,

1993: Calibration results for NOAA-11 AVHRR

channels 1 and 2 from congruent aircraft observations, J. Atmos. and Ocean. Technol., 10(4), 493–

508.

Original Citation

Austin, R.W., Gulf of Mexico, 1980: Ocean-color surface-truth measurements. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,

18, 269–285.

Revised Citation

Austin, R.W., 1980: Gulf of Mexico, Ocean-color surface-truth measurements. Bound.-Layer Meteor.,

18, 269–285.

Original Citation

Burlov-Vasiljev, K.A., E.A. Gurtovenko, and Y.B. Matvejev, 1991: The Solar Radiation Between 310–680

nm. SOLARS-22 Conference Proceedings, Boulder,

Colorado, (in preparation).

Revised Citation

Burlov-Vasiljev, K.A., E.A. Gurtovenko, and Y.B. Matvejev, 1992: The Solar Radiation Between 310–680

nm. Proceedings of the Workshop on the Solar Electromagnetic Radiation Study for Solar Cycle 22, R.E.

Donnelly, Ed., U.S. DOC/NOAA Environmental Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, 49–53.

Original Citation

Hay, B.J., C.R. McClain, and M. Petzold, 1991: Phytoplankton pigment assessment in the Arabian Sea

comparing satellite data and in situ data. Remote

Sens. Environ., (in press).

Revised Citation

Hay, B.J., C.R. McClain, and M. Petzold, 1993: An

assessment of the NIMBUS-7 CZCS Calibration for

May 1986 using satellite and in situ data from the

Arabian Sea. Remote Sens. Environ., 43, 35–46.

Original Citation

McClain, C.R., G. Feldman, and W. Esaias, 1991: A

review of the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner data set and remote sensing of biological oceanic

productivity. Global Change Atlas, C. Parkinson, J.

Foster and R. Gurney, Eds., Cambridge University

Press, (in press).

Same, Also Cited As

McClain, C.R., G. Feldman, and W. Esaias, 1992: Oceanic primary production, Global Change Atlas, C.

Parkinson, J. Foster, and R. Gurney, Eds., Cambridge University Press, (in press).

Revised Citation

McClain, C.R., G. Feldman, and W. Esaias, 1993: Oceanic primary production, Global Change Atlas, C.

Parkinson, J. Foster, and R. Gurney, Eds., Cambridge University Press, (in press).

Original Citation

Mecherikunnel, A.T., and H.L. Kyle, 1991: Eleven-year

cycle of solar constant variation from spacecraft measurements: 1978 to 1990. Science, (submitted).

Revised Citation

Mecherikunnel, A.T., and H.L. Kyle, 1991: Eleven-year

cycle of solar constant variation from spacecraft measurements: 1978 to 1990. Science, (withdrawn).

2
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

3. ADDENDUM

This section presents a summary of the SeaWiFS Working Group (SWG) Bio-optical Algorithm and Protocols

Workshops, written by Charles R. McClain.

3.1 Introduction

The SWG workshops for bio-optical algorithm development and in situ protocols convened a joint meeting at

GSFC on May 19–20, 1993. The working group memberships were defined at the January 1993 SWG meeting

(Hooker et al. 1993b).

The meeting was held in May because several key team

members had cruises in the March–April time frame and

could not meet any sooner. The team members and attendance are listed in Table 1. The bio-optics meeting

spanned Wednesday and Thursday morning and the protocols meeting was on Thursday afternoon.

Table 1. Team members and invited guests to the

SWG Bio-optical Algorithm and Protocols Workshops, held May 19–20, 1993 at GSFC. Attendees

are identified with a checkmark ().

Team Present Team Present

Members Members

J. Aiken M. Lewis 

W. Balch C. McClain 

K. Carder  G. Mitchell 

D. Clark †  A. Morel

C. Davis  J. Mueller ‡ 

R. Doerffer F. Muller- 

W. Esaias  Karger

H. Gordon  D. Siegel 

F. Hoge  R. Smith

S. Hooker  C. Trees 

D. Kamykowski C. Yentsch 

M. Kishino  J. Yoder 

O. Kopelevich R. Zaneveld

Other Attendees

S. Ackleson G. Moore

R. Arnone J. Morrison

F. Chavez R. Stumpf

H. Fukushima A. Weidemann

S. Gallegos

†Bio-optics Chairman ‡Protocols Chairman

3.2 Bio-optical Algorithm Workshop

The objectives of the workshop were as follows:

1. Review existing algorithms: pigment, chlorophyll a, K(490) only.

2. Survey relevant existing bio-optical data sets.

3. Determine critical voids (deficiencies) in data

(algorithms) and make recommendations on resolving data voids and algorithm defiencies.

4. Define strategy for defining and implementing

initial algorithms.

5. Review present field program schedule.

6. Set date for an early Fall 1993 meeting.

The agenda was as follows:

1. Workshop Charter

A. Introduction (C. McClain)

1) Workshop Objectives

2) SWG and SeaWiFS Project Responsibilities

3) Review SWG Recommendations (Vol. 8, sec. 3.5)

4) Data Processing and Algorithm Refinement Strategies

B. Algorithm Issues Overview (D. Clark)

1) Initial Case 1 Algorithm Form(s): CZCS pigment,

chlorophyll-like pigment, K(490)

2) Initial Case 2 Algorithm Form(s): CZCS pigment,

chlorophyll-like pigment, K(490)

3) Algorithm Selection and Switching

4) Regional Algorithms

5) Algorithm Seasonality: Impacts of SeaWiFS performance limitations

2. SeaWiFS Instrument Update (W. Esaias)

3. Algorithm Studies and Field Programs

A. Case 1 Water Presentations (D. Clark, G. Mitchell,

D. Siegel, C. Trees, and C. McClain)

B. Case 2 Water Presentations (K. Carder, M. Kishino,

and R. Arnone)

C. Discussion and Recommendations (D. Clark)

4. Quality Control Flags (C. McClain: Coccolithophores,

Sea Ice, Trichodesmium, Turbid Case 2 water, etc.)

5. Cruise Planning (S. Hooker: Present Schedule, Piggyback Opportunities, Bio-optical Data Voids/Deficiencies, Community Field Program Coordination, etc.)

6. Alternative Bio-optical Data Collection Strategies (K.

Carder)

7. Workshop Wrap-Up (D. Clark: Summaries, Action

Items, Fall Meeting, etc.)

Because this was the first meeting of the bio-optical

algorithm working group, the SeaWiFS Project presented

an itemization of the responsibilities of the Project and the

working group as listed below:

Bio-optical Algorithm Working Group:

Defines strategy for algorithm development,

Collects appropriate bio-optical data,

Develops bio-optical algorithms, and

Provides SeaWiFS Project with operational algorithms and implementation plan.

3
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

SeaWiFS Project:

Assists in coordination and support of field programs,

Supports calibration round-robin and archives

the data,

Archives and distributes field data to the SWG

and other collaborating groups,

Provides independent algorithm evaluations and

comparisons, (the SeaWiFS Project does not develop algorithms), and

Implements SWG approved algorithms in the

SeaWiFS operational processing system.

Several decisions and recommendations were made as

a result of the presentations and discussions:

1. A concerted effort will be made by the group to provide

existing bio-optical data sets to the SeaWiFS Project

by August 1 (deadline does not include data from the

Spring 1993 cruises mentioned above). Currently, the

Project has only the CZCS NIMBUS Experiment Team

(NET) data that are suitable for algorithm development. (The Project does have the responsibility to

assemble and distribute data to the SWG and other

groups collaborating with the Project. The list of biooptical data to be contributed and their sources appears

in Table 2. Other working group members not present

who have data of interest for algorithm development

include R. Doerffer, D. Kamykowski, A. Morel, and R.

Smith. They will be contacted to determine which data

sets they have available for inclusion in the archive.

Table 2. Bio-optical data to be contributed and

their sources.

Team Members Source

K. Carder North Atlantic

Gulf of Mexico

J. Mueller North Pacific

C. Trees

D. Clark CZCS NET data

MOCE 1

MOCE 2

C. Davis Equatorial Pacific

North Atlantic

U.S. West Coast

M. Kishino Tokyo Bay

Sea of Japan

G. Mitchell RACER

CalCoFI 1

CalCoFI 2

R. Arnone Gulf of Mexico

A. Weidemann

J. Mueller

D. Siegel Bermuda

2. It was decided that a semi-analytical algorithm should

be used instead of strictly empirical algorithms, such

as those used for the CZCS. This approach should allow much more flexibility in handling seasonal and regional variability due to changes in specific absorption

and scattering coefficients, and would provide a physically sound foundation from which more advanced algorithms could evolve. The team of H. Gordon, A. Morel,

K. Carder, and R. Doerffer have volunteered to define

the initial algorithm by the next bio-optical algorithm

meeting, now scheduled for late September.

3. The need to develop a cloud mask and quality control

flags for level-2 processing was discussed. The distinction between a mask and a flag is that masked pixels do

not get processed and flagged pixels do. Flags will be

saved as graphic overlays which are distributed with the

data. Table 3 shows the suggested contributors for the

development of these masks and flags (not restricted to

the SWG).

Table 3. Suggested contributors for the development of masks and flags for level-2 processing.

Masks or Flags Team Members

Cloud Mask R. Evans

C. McClain

S. Gallegos

R. Stumpf

Coccolithophore Flag H. Gordon

B. Balch

F. Hoge

C. Brown

Sea Ice Flag G. Cota

J. Aiken

K. Arrigo

R. Zaneveld

G. Moore

Trichodesmium Flag A. Morel

A. Subramaniam

Bottom Reflection Flag K. Carder

C. Davis

W. Esaias

R. Arnone

Land Mask R. Evans

C. McClain

† Anyone interested in participating in the mask and flag

definition development should contact C. McClain.

4. Presentations by C. Trees and R. Arnone on K(490)

observations indicate that the Austin-Petzold empirical

algorithm holds for a broader range of values and geographic locations than represented in the original data

set. Therefore, the working group concurs with the

SWG recommendation that the Austin-Petzold algorithm should be used for the initial SeaWiFS

K(490) algorithm.

4
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

5. It was decided to reconvene the bio-optical algorithm

working group this Fall in conjunction with the next

MODIS Team meeting. The next MODIS Team meeting has been set for Wednesday–Friday, Sept. 29–Oct.

1, 1993 in the Greenbelt, Maryland area. The SeaWiFS

Project is, therefore, suggesting that the working group

meet on Monday and Tuesday, Sept. 27–28.

3.3 The Protocols Workshop

The agenda for the meeting was as follows:

1. Workshop Objectives (J. Mueller: goals, summary of

first Science Team meeting recommendations, etc.)

2. Issues (Discussion Leader)

A. Ship Shadowing (D. Siegel)

B. Instrument Self-Shading (H. Gordon)

C. Revision of Instrument Specifications for Bio-optical

Algorithms (M. Lewis)

D. Protocols for Case 2 Water Algorithm Development

and Validation (R. Arnone)

E. Aircraft Instrument Specifications and Observation

Protocols (F. Hoge and C. Davis)

F. Data Quality Control (G. Mitchell)

G. Data Formats (S. Hooker)

3. Second Round-Robin Coordination (J. Mueller)

4. Workshop Wrap-Up (J. Mueller: summaries, action

items, Fall meeting, etc.)

All the issues listed were discussed to one degree or another. Key points of discussion on the agenda items are

listed below. In a number of cases, subgroups were defined

to address specific protocol issues and who would present

draft update documents at the next protocols working

group meeting.

1. Ship Shadowing: D. Siegel presented data from a ship

shadowing experiment he conducted. His conclusion

is that for certain situations, the distance between the

ship and the instrument can be substantially less than

the guideline in the protocols. Therefore, the protocol

will be modified.

2. Instrument Self-Shading: The instrument self shading

issue has been addressed theoretically, (Gordon and

Ding, 1991) but has yet to be verified with observations.

3. Bio-optical Algorithm Instrumentation Specifications:

One of the Project’s concerns is that too few groups

have measurement capabilities that even come close to

the present protocol requirements. K. Carder and C.

Davis presented an approach based on remote sensing

reflectance observations which appears promising. A

subgroup including J. Mueller (chairman), K. Carder,

C. Davis, G. Mitchell, and R. Arnone will address potential problems with the technique and draft a protocol to be submitted at the next protocols working

group meeting.

4. Case 2 Water Protocols: The current protocols do not

address observations in Case 2 waters to a suitable degree. These protocols should include a section on how

to measure dissolved organic matter (DOM). A subgroup composed of K. Carder (chairman), C. Yentsch,

R. Doerffer, F. Muller-Karger, C. Davis, W. Esaias, A.

Weidemann, R. Arnone, and R. Stumpf will prepare a

draft protocol document by the next meeting.

5. Data Quality Control: The discussion on optical data

quality control procedures was augmented to include

data analysis techniques. The present protocols discuss some analysis techniques, but further enhancement seems desirable. Analysis topics specifically mentioned were the extrapolation of data to the surface,

normalization, optical weighting of pigments, and cloud

detection. It was generally agreed that one quality assurance test should be the comparison of downward

and upward traverses of a cast. As a result, an analysis

round-robin was proposed with J. Mueller (chairman),

D. Siegel, C. Davis, A. Weidemann, and G. Mitchell

participating. Each investigator will submit profiles of

upwelling radiance, etc., which will be distributed to

all participants. A set of derived products will be computed from each profile by each participant. The results

will be compiled and distributed by August 15.

6. Aircraft Protocols: The present protocols do not address aircraft instruments and sampling strategies in

much detail. The protocols working group feels that

the instrument characterization and calibration protocols should be similar to those for other types of instruments, but should be tailored to the particular instrument and aircraft. A subgroup with C. Davis (chairman), F. Hoge, K. Carder, M. Lewis, and P. Slater was

named to draft the protocols. Others who were not in

attendence, but who will be approached about participating include P. Abel and T. Vodacek.

7. Data Formats: The format guidelines for data submitted to the SeaWiFS Project are provided in Appendix

C in, Proceedings of the First SeaWiFS Science Team

Meeting (Hooker et al. 1993b). No formal discussion on

formats was held. Questions and comments should be

directed to S. Hooker.

8. Second Round-Robin: The next round-robin will be

held at CHORS from June 14–25, 1993. The proceedings from the first round-robin are in press as a SeaWiFS TM(Vol. 14) and preprints will be distributed

this summer. The first week of the round-robin will

be for intercalibrations and definition of near-real time

data analysis and archiving procedures among CHORS,

GSFC, and the National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST). NIST will officially deliver the new

5
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

SeaWiFS transfer radiometer at that time. Other investigators will participate during the second week.

9. Several small modifications in the present protocols

were discussed and will be incorporated into a revision

of the protocols.

10. A date for the next meeting was not selected. Ideally,

it would be in conjunction with the next bio-optical

algorithm working group meeting. However, because

that meeting is linked with the MODIS Team meeting,

time would be very tight. The protocols working group

will need to decide if another meeting this year is necessary. Certainly, much business has been delegated to

subgroups and the SeaWiFS Project would expect closure on these topics by this Fall so that a revision of

the protocols can be published by the end of the year.

3.4 Invited Colleagues’ Addresses

Science Team members are identified with their Team

name(s) shown in slanted type face.

James Aiken SeaWiFS Science Team

Plymouth Marine Laboratory

Prospect Place

West Hoe

Plymouth, PL1 3DH

UNITED KINGDOM

Voice: 44–752–222772

Fax: 44–752–670637

Omnet: pml.uk

Internet: ja@unixb.nerc-pml.ac.uk

Steve Ackleson

Ocean Optics Program, Code 3233

Office of Naval Research

800 N. Quincy Street

Arlington, VA 22217

Voice: 703–696–4732

Fax: 703–696–4884

Omnet: s.ackleson

Robert Arnone

NRL/Code 7240

Stennis Space Center, MS 39527

Voice: 601–688–5268

Fax: 601–688–4149

Omnet: r.arnone

Internet: arnone@cs1ps2.nrl.navy.mil

William Balch SeaWiFS Science Team

MBF/RSMAS/U. of Miami

4600 Rickenbacker Cswy

Miami, FL 33149–1098

Voice: 305–361–4653

Fax: 305–361–4600

Omnet: b.balch

Kendall Carder SeaWiFS Science Team

Dept. of Marine Science MODIS Science Team

Univ. of South Florida HIRIS Science Team

140 Seventh Avenue, South

St. Petersburg, FL 33701–5016

Voice: 813–893–9148

Fax: 813–893–9189

Omnet: k.carder

Francisco Chavez

Associate Scientist

Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

160 Central Avenue

Pacific Grove, CA 93950

Voice: 408–647–3709

Fax: 408–649–8587

Omnet: f.chavez

Internet: chfr@mbari.org

Dennis K. Clark SeaWiFS Science Team

NOAA/NESDIS MODIS Science Team

E/RA 28, WWB, Rm. 104

Washington, DC 20233

Voice: 301–763–8102

Fax: 301–763–8020

Omnet: d.clark.noaa

Curtiss Davis HIRIS Science Team

JPL/Mail Stop 300–323

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, CA 91001

Voice: 818–354–5395

Fax: 818–393–6146

Omnet: c.davis.jpl

Roland Doerffer SeaWiFS Science Team

GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht

Max-Planck-Strasse

D-2054 Geesthacht

GERMANY

Voice: 49–4152–87–2480

Fax: 49–4152–87–2444

Telex: 0218712

Omnet: w.rosenthal

Internet: doerffer@dvmc10.gkss.de

Internet: doerffer@pfsun1.gkss.de

Wayne Esaias SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2 MODIS Science Team

Greenbelt, MD 20771 SeaWiFS Project

Voice: 301–286–9503

Fax: 301–286–3221

Omnet: w.esaias

Internet: esaias@petrel.gsfc.nasa.gov

Hajime Fukushima SeaWiFS Science Team

Tokai University

317 Nishino

Numazu, 410–03

JAPAN

Voice: 81–559–68–1211 ext. 4425

Fax: 81–559–68–1155

Omnet: h.fukushima

Internet: hajime@numazugw.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp

Sonia Gallegos

Naval Research Laboratory

Code 7240–Remote Sensing

Stennis Space Center, MS 39529

6
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Voice: 601–688–4867

Fax: 601–688–4149

Omnet: s.gallegos

Internet: gallegos@snaps.nrlssc.navy.mil

Howard Gordon SeaWiFS Science Team

UM/Dept. of Physics MODIS Science Team

Coral Gables, FL 33124

Voice: 305–284–2323

Fax: 305–284–4222

Omnet: h.gordon

Internet: gordon@phyvax.ir.miami.edu

Frank Hoge SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA/GSFC/WFF MODIS Science Team

Wallops Island, VA 23337

Voice: 804–824–1567

Fax: 804–824–2343

Fax: 804–824–1036

Omnet: f.hoge

Stanford Hooker SeaWiFS Project

NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2

Greenbelt, MD 20771

Voice: 301–286–9503

Fax: 301–286–3221

Omnet: s.hooker

Internet: stan@ardbeg.gsfc.nasa.gov

Daniel Kamykowski SeaWiFS Science Team

NCSU/MEAS/Box 8208

Raleigh, NC 27695

Voice: 919–515–7894

Fax: 919–515–7802

Omnet: d.kamykowsi

Motoaki Kishino SeaWiFS Science Team

Inst. of Phys. & Chem. Res.

Hirosawa 2–1

Wako-shi, Saitama, 351–01

JAPAN

Voice: 81–48–462–1111 ext. 3635

Fax: 81–48–462–1449

Internet: kishino@rkna50.riken.go.jp

Span: rik835::in%”kishino@rkna50.riken.go.jp”

Oleg Kopelevich SeaWiFS Science Team

P.P. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanology

23 Krasikova St.

Moscow, 117218

RUSSIA

Voice: 7–095–124–7583

Fax: 7–095–292–6511

Telex: 411968 Okean SU

Omnet: p.shirshov

Marlon Lewis SeaWiFS Science Team

Department of Oceanography

Dalhousie University

Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1

Voice: 902–492–4780

Fax: 902–492–4781

Omnet: m.lewis

Internet: marlon@predator.ocean.dal.ca

Charles McClain SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA/GSFC/Code 971 SeaWiFS Project

Greenbelt, MD 20771

Voice: 301–286–5377

Fax: 301–286–2717

Omnet: c.mcclain

Internet: mcclain@ocean1.gsfc.nasa.gov

Greg Mitchell SeaWiFS Science Team

UCSD/MRD 0218

LaJolla, CA 92093–0218

Voice: 619–534–2687

Fax: 619–534–2997

Omnet: g.mitchell

Internet: bgmitchell@ucsd.edu

Gerald Moore

Plymouth Marine Laboratory

Prospect Place

West Hoe

Plymouth, PL1 3DH

UNITED KINGDOM

Voice: 44–752–222772

Fax: 44–752–670637

Omnet: pml.uk

Internet: gfm@unixb.nerc-pml.ac.uk

Andr ́e Morel SeaWiFS Science Team

Lab de Physique a Chimie Marines

Universit ́e Pierre et Marie Curie

BP 08, 06230 Villefranche Sur Mer

FRANCE

Voice: 33–93–76–37–11

Fax: 33–93–76–37–39

Omnet: a.morel

John Morrison

North Carolina State University

Dept. of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences

Jordan Hall, Room 1125

Box 8208

Raleigh, NC 27695-8208

Voice: 919–515–7449

Fax: 919–515–7802

Omnet: j.morrison/science

Internet: morrison@meajmm.nrrc.ncsu.edu

James Mueller SeaWiFS Science Team

SDSU/CHORS

6505 Alvarado Road, Suite 206

San Diego, CA 92120–5005

Voice: 619–594–2230

Fax: 619–594–4570

Omnet: j.mueller

Frank Muller-Karger SeaWiFS Science Team

NASA HQ/Code SEP

Washington, DC 20546

Voice: 202–358–0238

Fax: 202–358–3098

Omnet: f.muller.karger

Internet: carib@carbon.marine.usf.edu

7
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

David Siegel SeaWiFS Science Team

UCSB/CRSEO

Santa Barbara, CA 93106–3060

Voice: 805–893–4547

Fax: 805–893–2578

Omnet: d.siegel

Internet: daves@crseo.ucsb.edu

Raymond Smith SeaWiFS Science Team

CRSEO/UCSB

Santa Barbara, CA 93106

Voice: 805–893–4709

Fax: 805–893–2578

Omnet: r.smith.ucsb

Internet: ray@crseo.ucsb.edu

Rick Stumpf

Center for Coastal Geology

US Geological Survey

600 4th Street

St. Petersburg, FL 33701

Voice: 813–893–3024

Fax: 813–893–3333

Internet: rstumpf@wayback.er.usgs.gov

Charles Trees SeaWiFS Science Team

SDSU/CHORS

6505 Alvarado Road, Suite 206

San Diego, CA 92120–5005

Voice: 619–594–2241

Fax: 619–594–4570

Omnet: c.trees

Alan Weidemann

NOARL/Code 331

Stennis Space Center, MS 39529

Voice: 601–688–5253

Fax: 601–688–5997

Omnet: a.weidemann

Charles Yentsch SeaWiFS Science Team

Bigelow Laboratory

McKown Point

W. Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575

Voice: 207–633–2173

Fax: 207–633–6584

Omnet: c.yentsch.charles

James Yoder SeaWiFS Science Team

URI/GSO

Kingston, RI 02881

Voice: 401–792–6864

Fax: 401–792–8098

Omnet: j.yoder

Internet: yoder@biosat.gso.uri.edu

Ron Zaneveld SeaWiFS Science Team

Oregon State University

Ocean. Admin. Bldg. 104

Corvallis, OR 97331–5503

Voice: 503–737–3571

Fax: 503–737–2064

Omnet: r.zaneveld

8
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Cumulative Index

Unless indicated otherwise, the index entries refer to

some aspect of the SeaWiFS instrument or project, for

example, the mission overview index entry refers to an

overview of the SeaWiFS mission.

–A–

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer:

see AVHRR

airborne spectral radiometry, 5(7–8).

aircraft calibration technique, 3(Fig. 19 p. 27).

algorithms, 1(3, 17); 4(2).

atmospheric correction, 3(1–2, Fig. 4 p. 5, 16, 23, 27–28, 31,

32–34); 8(4, Table 1 p. 14, 17, Table 4 p. 21).

bio-optical, Vol. 5.

data, 9(1).

database development, 3(28).

derived products, 3(27–28).

development, 1(5); 3(23, 27–35, Fig. 22 p. 33); 5(Table 4

p. 11); 8(4, 10).

field studies, 3(30–32, Fig. 22 p. 33, 34–35).

linearity and stability, 5(12).

optical measurements, Vol. 5.

validation of, 1(3); 8(16, Table 4 p. 21).

see also GAC.

along-track, 3(38).

see also propagation model.

ancillary measurements, 5(8, 27–28, 30).

ascending node, Vol. 2.

computation methods, 2(1–2).

tilt strategy, 2(Table 1 p. 2).

atmospheric conditions, 9(6–7).

atmospheric contributions, 9(4–6).

atmospheric measurements, 5(2, 28–29).

AVHRR:

deriving vegetation index, 7(2).

GAC data, 7(3–4).

LAC data, 7(2–4).

LDTNLR test, 7(4).

nightime IR data, 7(5).

thermal IR channels, 7(1).

azimuth:

angles at equinox, 2(2, 10, 16).

angles at solstice, 2(Fig. 5 p. 7, 10, 16).

solar angle, 2(2, 16); 7(1).

spacecraft angle, 2(2, Fig. 6 p. 8, 16).

relative angle, 2(2, Fig. 7 p. 9, 10, Fig. 10 p. 13, 16).

–B–

baselines, 8(6–13).

algorithms, 8(6–7).

ancillary data, 8(7).

data archive and delivery, 8(9–10).

data for bio-optical algorithms, 8(10).

data for vicarious calibration, 8(10–11).

data processing and software, 8(8–9).

baselines cont.

data products, 8(12–13).

data quality and acceptance, 8(7–8).

detector failure contingency, 8(11).

equator crossing contingency, 8(12).

ground station support, 8(11).

in situ data policy, 8(13).

launch slip contingency, 8(11).

level-3 binning, 8(8, 16).

loss of tilt contingency, 8(11).

navigation accuracy contingency, 8(11).

optical protocols, 8(12).

orbit contingency, 8(12).

orbital altitude contingency, 8(11).

power limitation contingency, 8(11).

products, 3(27–28); 5(1).

real-time data access, 8(12).

recommedations, 8(13–19).

see also data.

basin-scale processes, 1(4, 6–7).

biogeochemical, 1(2, 19); 8(1).

properties, 5(6–7).

see also Science Team Meeting, Abstracts.

bio-optics, 1(3, 5, 7, 19); 8(10).

algorithms, 1(19); 3(8, 13, Fig. 20 p. 29, 29); 5(3); 8(10).

algorithm working group members, 8(Table 1 p. 14).

see also algorithm development.

Brouwer-Lyddane model, 11(2–5, 11, 15–16, Figs. 5–8 pp. 8–9,

Fig. 13 p. 12).

see also models.

buoy:

see MOBY.

see optical buoy.

see optical mooring.

–C–

calibration, 5(2); 10(Tables 1–2 p. 4, Fig. 3 p. 6, Fig. 20 p. 23,

Fig. 21 p. 24).

background on, 10(2–3).

initialization, 5(4–6).

lunar, 1(11, 18); 3(Fig. 15 p. 22); 10(1–3, 7, 10, Table 3

p. 10, Fig. 9 p. 11, Figs. 12–15 pp. 14–17, Fig. 16 p. 20,

Fig. 19 p. 22, Table 4–5 p. 19, 25).

onboard, 3(21); 5(2–3); 10(1–2).

pigment, 5(24).

quality control, 10(25).

round-robin, 8(4, 17, Table 4 p. 21).

sensor, 1(11); 5(2–3).

solar, 1(11, 18); 3(24); 10(1–7, Fig. 2 p. 5, Fig. 4 p. 6,

Figs. 5–8 pp. 8–9, Figs. 10–11 pp. 12–13, 18).

solar diffuser, 10(3–5, 7).

spectral, 5(24).

sun photometers, 5(24).

trend analysis, 10(25).

vicarious, 5(2–4); 8(10–11).

working group members, 8(Table 1 p. 14).

9
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

calibration cont.

see also round-robin.

see also SeaStar.

calibration and validation, 1(3, 8, 14, 18–22); Vol. 3.

baselines, 3(17); 8(3); see also baselines.

field deployment, 8(17, Table 2 p. 18, Table 4 p. 20).

on board, 3(21–23).

post-launch, 3(23–27).

prelaunch program, 3(17–21).

program milestones, 3(Fig. 12 p. 14).

program schematic, 3(Fig. 11 p. 14).

see also calibration.

see also initialization.

characterization:

collector cosine response, 5(18–19).

immersion factors, 5(19–20).

pressure effects, 5(21).

radiance field-of-view, 5(18).

radiometric, 5(15–17).

spectral bandpass, 5(15).

temperature, 5(20–21).

temporal response, 5(17).

cloud detection, 7(1, 5).

MODIS, 7(1).

see also MODIS-N.

cloud screening, Vol. 7.

determining thresholds, 7(2–3).

direct thresholds, 7(1–4).

evaluating methods, 7(5–6).

more complex methods, 7(4–5).

spatial coherence, 7(3–4).

see also AVHRR GAC data.

Coastal Zone Color Scanner, see CZCS.

commercial applications, 1(7).

contingencies:

detector failure, 8(11).

equator crossing, 8(12).

launch slip, 8(11).

loss of tilt, 8(11).

navigation accuracy, 8(11).

orbit, 8(12).

orbital altitude, 8(11).

power limitation, 8(11).

cross-track:

see propagation model.

CZCS, 1(1, 5, 6–7, 19); 3(1).

algorithms, 3(1–11, 23).

application of data, 9(7–9).

channels, 7(1, 5).

data collection, 3(6, Fig. 5 p. 5, 21, 30), 7(1).

global sampling, 3(Fig. 9 p. 10).

level-2 products, 4(1).

level-2 processing parameters, 4(Table 2 p. 2).

modeling compared to SeaWiFS, 3(Fig. 4 p. 5).

orbital characteristics, 9(Table 2 p. 3).

CZCS cont.

parameters and characteristics, 1(Table 2 p. 5), 3(Table 1

p. 1).

pigment concentration, 1(5–6); 3(1–2, 8, 27).

quality control, 3(Fig. 7 p. 8, Fig. 8 p. 9, 32, 35).

sensor, 1(5); 3(8).

sensor degradation, 3(23).

time of launch, 2(1).

vicarious calibration, 3(Fig. 6 p. 7, 11, 23, 24–27); 5(3–4).

–D–

data:

ancillary, 8(7).

archive and delivery, 5(2); 8(9–10).

collection, 3(24); 8(4).

distribution, 1(16); 8(2, 4, 16, 17).

format, 8(43–44).

management, 1(3, 11–18); 3(32).

policy, 3(37–38); 8(13, Table 4 p. 21, 41–42).

processing, 1(3, Fig. 2 p. 4, 11–16, Fig. 10 p. 20, 22); 3(13,

32); 7(5); 8(4, 8–9).

products, 8(12–13, 15–17, Table 4 pp. 20–21, 42–43).

quality and acceptance, 8(7–8).

real-time access of, 8(12).

requirements, 5(4–6).

subsampling, 4(1).

using SEAPAK with, 4(1–2).

data set, 1(3); Vol. 9.

atmospheric conditions, 9(6–7).

atmospheric contributions, 9(4–6).

availability of, 9(9–13).

code for simulating, 9(13–15).

methods for simulating, 9(2–7).

normalized water-leaving radiances, 9(2–3).

orbit model, 9(3–4).

simulated total radiances, 9(Figs. 2–4 pp. 10–12).

start and stop times, 9(Table 6 p. 9).

ten-bit words and data structures, 9(7).

viewing and solar geometries, 9(4–6).

descending node, Vol. 2.

see also ascending node.

detector failure contingency:

see contingencies.

–E–

equator crossing time, 2(10, 16); 9(Tables 6–7 p. 9).

contingency, 8(12).

equinox:

see azimuth.

see sun glint.

see zenith.

–F–

field deployment, see calibration and validation.

field program:

instrumentation, 3(34–35).

computing network, 3(Fig 21 p. 31).

10
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

–G–

GAC, 1(16).

AVHRR data, 7(3).

algorithms, Vol. 4.

generation mechanisms, 4(Table 1 p. 1).

generation methods, Vol. 4.

resolution, 4(Color Plates 1–8).

sampling techniques, Vol. 4.

see also AVHRR.

geometry, 2(1).

derived parameters, 2(1).

solar, 2(1, 10, 16).

sun glint, 2(1).

viewing, 2(1, 10, 16).

see also azimuth.

see also zenith.

global area coverage:

see GAC.

global-scale processes, 1(6–7).

ground coverage, 2(2, Fig. 1 p. 3).

ground station support, 8(11).

ground systems and support, 1(14–15).

– H, I –

HRPT policies, 8(17, Table 4 p. 20).

infrared radiometers, 7(1).

initialization, 5(4–6, Table 1 p. 5).

sampling, 5(31–32).

– J, K, L –

joint commercial aspects, 1(8).

lunar observations, Vol. 10.

see also calibration.

–M–

marine optical buoy:

see MOBY.

see optical buoy.

measurement protocols, 5(26–33).

meeting agenda:

see Science Team Meeting.

mesoscale processes, 1(6).

mission:

operations, 1(14–18); 11(1–2, 15).

overview, Vol. 1; 8(1).

MOBY, 1(3); 8(3, 4).

system schematic, 3(Fig. 17 p. 25).

see also optical buoy.

see also optical mooring.

modeling, 10(1, 10, 18, 25).

models:

orbital prediction, 1(17).

see also Brouwer-Lyddane models.

see also modeling.

see also perturbation models.

models cont.

see also propagation models.

MODIS-N:

instrument characteristics, 3(Table 4 p. 12).

presentations, 8(3–5).

–N–

navigation of pixels, 9(4).

normalized water-leaving radiances, 1(15); 3(2, 6, 24, 28–29,

37–38); 4(1–3, 20); 5(1, 3–4, 6, 8, 13, 31–32, 37–38);

8(16, 42); 9(2–3).

non-research uses, 1(7–8).

–O–

ocean color, 1(1–4, 8, 10); 8(1–3, 22–43).

future missions, 3(Fig. 10 p. 12).

requirements, 1(2).

see also algorithm development.

ocean optics protocols, Vol. 5; 8(12, 14–15, Table 4 p. 20).

OCTS, 1(2); 3(11).

instrument characteristics, 3(Table 3 p. 11).

operational applications, 1(7–8).

optical buoy:

drifting, 5(9, 31).

mooring, 5(8, 30–31).

see also MOBY.

optical instruments, Vol. 5; 10(Figs. 17–19 pp. 21–22).

optical measurements, 5(1).

accuracy specifications, 5(9–15).

analysis methods, 5(33–39).

science community, role of, 5(3).

sensor characterization, 5(15–25, Tables 2–4 pp. 10–11).

see also MOBY.

see also optical buoy.

orbit, 3(23).

contingency, 8(12).

distribution of local time, 2(Fig. 2 p. 4).

parameters, 1(18); 2(2).

see also propagation model.

orbital:

altitude contingency, 8(11).

characteristics, 9(1, Table 3 p. 3).

elements, 11(2).

–P–

perturbations model:

general, 11(2–3).

special, 11(2).

pigment:

concentration, 1(Color Plates 1–5); 3(32); 4(Table 1 p. 1,

Table 3 p. 3, Figs. 5–11 pp. 6–9, Color Plates 1–8); 5(2);

8(4).

data, 9(2).

values, 4(Fig. 26 p. 15, Figs. 31–33 pp. 18–19).

see also calibration.

pixel size, 3(Fig. C-1 p. 39).

11
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

Prelaunch Science Working Group:

see SPSWG.

primary productivity, 1(1); 5(7).

primary productivity cont.

working group members, 8(Table 1 p. 14).

proceedings:

Science Team Meeting, Vol. 8. see also Science Team Meeting.

Project, 1(3); 3(1, 13, 16, 23–24, 32, 34, 38).

goals, 1(2–3).

objectives, 1(3).

organization and personnel, 1(Table 4 p. 22); 3(Fig 13

p. 15).

presentations, 8(3–5).

schematic, 1(Fig. 8 p. 12, Fig. 9 p. 13).

structure, 3(13–16).

propagation model:

along-track, 11(5, Figs. 1–8 pp. 6–9, Fig. 11 p. 11,

Figs. 12–14 pp. 12–13, Fig. 16 p. 14).

cross-track, 11(5, Fig. 9 p. 10, Fig. 15 p. 13, Fig. 17

p. 14).

orbit, Vol. 11.

radial, 11(4, 5, Fig. 10 p. 10).

–Q–

quality control, 3(29–30, 35–36); 10(Fig. 20 p. 23).

level-1 screening, 3(35).

level-2 product screening, 3(35–36).

level-3 product screening, 3(36).

level-2 quality control, 3(35); 8(4).

–R–

radial:

see propagation model.

radiometric profiles, 5(33–39).

radiometric specifications, 3(36–37, Table A-1 p. 36); 8(4).

research:

applications, 1(3–5).

cruises, 3(30–32).

round-robin:

calibration, 8(4, 17, Table 4 p. 21).

protocols working group, 8(Table 1 p. 14).

– S, T, U –

satellite remote sensing, 7(1).

saturation radiances, 3(Tables A-2 through A-4 pp. 36–37).

scanning characteristics, 9(1).

science mission goals, 3(12–13).

Science Team Meeting, Vol. 8.

abstracts, 8(22–41).

agenda, 8(5–6).

attendees, 8(51–59).

executive committee, 8(22).

invited presentations, 8(1–3).

questionnaire, 8(19–22, 44–51).

SEAPAK, 4(1–2, 20).

SeaStar, 1(1, 3, 8); 2(1–2); 3(21); 10(3,7).

launch sequence, 1(Fig. 4 p. 9).

operational system, 1(Fig. 6 p. 10).

orbital simulation parameters, 2(Table 1 p. 2); 11(Table 1 p. 1).

pitch rate, 10(7).

satellite, 1(Fig. 5 p. 9).

spacecraft description, 1(8–10).

SeaWiFS instrument, 1(1, 5–6, 8, 10–11).

acceptance testing, 8(4, 13–14, Table 4 p. 20).

bandwidths, 1(Table 1 p. 1, Fig. 2 p. 2, 11).

calibration and characterization, 3(Fig 14 p. 18); 8(4).

characteristics, 2(Table 1 p. 2); 3(Table 2 p. 11, 13).

description, 1(10–11).

launch time, 2(1).

major milestones, 3(Table 7 p. 21).

monitoring of, 1(18).

operations schedules, 1(17–18).

scanner, 1(11, Fig. 7 p. 14).

sensitivities, 1(5, Fig. 3 p. 6); 5(Table 4 p. 11, 14).

spectral bands, 1(11); 9(1, Table 1 p. 2).

telemetry parameters, 3(Table 8 p. 23).

test plan summary, 3(Table 6 pp. 19–20).

vicarious calibration, 5(3–4, 33).

see also optical instruments.

sensor:

characterization, 5(15–25); see also characterization.

CZCS, see CZCS.

monitoring, 1(18).

operations schedules, 1(17).

ringing, 4(2).

SeaWiFS, see SeaWiFS instrument.

ship shadow avoidance, 5(25–26).

solar irradiance measurements, 3(Fig 16 p. 22).

solar observations, Vol. 10.

see also calibration.

solstice:

see azimuth.

see sun glint.

see zenith.

spectral bands, 1(1–2); 5(Table 2 p. 10, 17); 9(1, Table 1

p. 2).

spectral irradiance and radiance measurements, 3(2); 5(13,

21–23, 25–27).

SPSWG, 1(1); 3(Table 5 p. 16, 27–28).

sun glint, 1(18); 2(1, 10, 14); 3(6).

at equinox, 2(10).

at solstice, 2(10, 16).

radiance distribution, 2(Fig. 8 p. 11, Fig. 11 p. 14).

– V, W, X, Y –

validation:

algorithm, 8(16).

product, 8(10, 16).

sampling, 5(2, 31–33).

see also algorithms.

12
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

viewing and solar geometries, 9(4–6).

visible radiometers, 7(1).

see also AVHRR.

see also CZCS.

see also MODIS.

see also SeaWiFS instrument.

–Z–

zenith, 2(10).

angles at equinox, 2(2, 16).

angles at solstice, 2(10, 16).

solar angle, 2(2, Fig. 3 p. 5, 10, Fig. 9 p. 12, Fig. 12 p. 15,

Table 3 p. 16, 16); 3(2, 8, 23); 7(1, 4); 9(Table 6 p. 9).

spacecraft angle, 2(2, Fig. 4 p. 6, 10, 16).

13
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

Glossary

–A–

ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current

ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor

ACS Attitude Control System

A/D Analog-to-Digital

ADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite (Japan)

AE  ̊Angstr ̈om Exponent

ALSCAT ALPHA and Scattering Meter (Note: the symbol α corresponds to c(λ), the beam attenuation coefficient, in present usage).

AOCI Airborne Ocean Color Imager

AOL Airborne Oceanographic Lidar

AOP Apparent Optical Property

AOS/LOS Acquisition of Signal/Loss of Signal

ARGOS Not an acronym, the name given to the data

collection and location system on the NOAA

Operational Satellites

ARI Accelerated Research Initiative

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASI Italian Space Agency

AT Along-Track

AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

AVIRIS Advanced Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer

–B–

BAS British Antarctic Survey

BATS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Station

BBOP Bermuda Bio-Optical Profiler

BBR Band-to-Band Registration

BCRS Dutch Remote Sensing Board

BEP Benguela Ecology Programme

BER Bit Error Rate

BMFT Minister for Research and Technology (Germany)

BOMS Bio-Optical Moored Systems

bpi bits per inch

BRDF Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function

BUV Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer

BWI Baltimore-Washington International (airport)

–C–

CalCoFI California Cooperative Fisheries Institute

Cal/Val Calibration and Validation

CALVAL Calibration/Validation

Case 1 Water whose reflectance is determined solely by

absorption.

Case 2 Water whose reflectance is significantly influenced by scattering.

CCPO Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography (Old

Dominion University)

CD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only Memory

CDOM Colored Dissolved Organic Material

CDR Critial Design Review

CHORS Center for Hydro-Optics and Remote Sensing

(San Diego State University)

CICESE Centro de Investigaci ́on Cient ́ifica y de Educaci ́on Superior de Ensenada (Mexico)

COOP Coastal Ocean Optics Program

COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf (software)

CPR Continuous Plankton Recorder

cpu Central Processing Unit

CRM Contrast Reduction Meter

CRN Italian Research Council

CRSEO Center for Remote Sensing and Environmental

Optics (University of California at Santa Barbara)

CRT Calibrated Radiance Tapes; or Cathode Ray

Tube.

CSL Computer Systems Laboratory

CT Cross-Track

CTD Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth

CVT Calibration/Validation Team

CW Continuous Wave

CZCS Coastal Zone Color Scanner

–D–

DAAC Distributed Active Archive Center

DAT Digital Audio Tape

DC Direct Current

DCF Data Capture Facility

DCOM Dissolved Colored Organic Material

DCP Data Collection Platform

DEC Digital Equipment Corporation

DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon

DOM Dissolved Organic Matter

DOS Disk Operating System

DSP Not an acronym, an image display and analysis package developed at RSMAS University of

Miami.

–E–

EAFB Edwards Air Force Base

ECMWF European Centre for Medium Range Weather

Forecasts

ECT Equator Crossing Time

EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone

EOS Earth Observing Satellite

EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite Company

EOSDIS Earth Observing Satellite Data Information

System

ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment

ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Sensor

ER-2 Earth Resources-2

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ERS Earth Resources Satellite

ESA European Space Agency

EUVE Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer

–F–

FDDI Fiber Data Distribution Interface

FLUPAC (Geochemical) Fluxes in the Pacific (Ocean)

FNOC Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center

FORTRAN Formula Translation (computer language)

FOV Field-of-View

FRD Federal Republic of Deutschland (Germany)

FTP File Transfer Protocol

FWHM Full-Width at Half-Maximum

14
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

–G–

GAC Global Area Coverage, coarse resolution satellite data with a nominal ground resolution of

approximately 4 km.

GASM General Angle Scattering Meter

GFF Glass Fiber Filter by Whatman

GIN Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian Seas

GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies

GLI Global Imager

GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystems dynamics

GMT Greenwich Mean Time

GOES Geosynchronous Orbital Environmental Satellite

GOFS Global Ocean Flux Study

GPM General Perturbations Model

GPS Global Positioning System

GRGS Groupe de Recherche de Geodesie Spatial

GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center

GSO Graduate School of Oceanography (University

of Rhode Island)

G/T System Gain/Total System Noise Temperature

GUI Graphical User Interface

–H–

HDF Hierarchical Data Format

HeNe Helium-Neon

HOTS Hawaiian Optical Time Series

HP Hewlett Packard

HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography

HQ Headquarters

HRPT High Resolution Picture Transmission

HYDRA Hydrographic Data Reduction and Analysis

–I–

IAPSO International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean

IAU International Astrophysical Union

IBM International Business Machines

ICES International Council on Exploration of the

Seas

IDL Interface Design Language

IFOV Instantaneous Field-of-View

IMS Information Management System

I/O Input/Output

IOP Inherent Optical Property

IR Infrared

ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project

IUE International Ultraviolet Explorer

– J, K –

JAM JYACC Application Manager

JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study

JOI Joint Oceanographic Institute

JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory

–L–

LAC Local Area Coverage, fine resolution satellite

data with a nominal ground resolution of approximately 1 km.

LANDSAT Land Resources Satellite

LDGO Lamon-Doherty Geological Observatory (Columbia University)

LDTNLR Local Dynamic Threshold Nonlinear Raleigh

Level-0 Raw data.

Level-1 Calibrated radiances.

Level-2 Derived products.

Level-3 Gridded and averaged derived products.

LMCE Laboratoire de Modelisation du climat et de

l’Environment (France)

LODYC Laboratoire d’Oc ́eanographie et de Dynamique

du climat (France)

LOICZ Land Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone

LPCM Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Marines

(France)

LRER Long-Range Ecological Research

–M–

MAREX Marine Resources Experiment Program

MARS Multispectral Airborne Radiometer System

MASSS Multi-Agency Ship-Scheduling for SeaWiFS

MBARI Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

MERIS Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer

MEM Maximum Entropy Method

METEOSAT Meteorological Satellite

MF Major Frame

mF Minor Frame

MIPS Millions of Instructions Per Second

MIZ Marginal Ice Zone

MLE Maximum Likelihood Estimator

MLML Moss Landing Marine Laboratory (San Jose

State University)

MOBY Marine Optical Buoy

MOCE Marine Optical Characterization Experiment

MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer

MODIS-N Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectrometerNadir

MODIS-T Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectrometerTilt

MTF Modulation Transfer Function

–N–

NAS National Academy of Science

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASCOM NASA Communications

NASDA National Space Development Agency (Japan)

NASIC NASA Aircraft/Satellite Instrument Calibration

NAVSPASUR Naval Space Surface Surveillance

NCDS National Climate Data System

NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications

NCSU North Carolina State University

NE∆T Noise Equivalent Delta Temperature

NEδL Noise Equivalent delta Radiance

NER Noise Equivalent Radiance

NERC Natural Environment Research Council

NESDIS National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service

NET NIMBUS Experiment Team

NIMBUS Not an acronym, a series of NASA experimental weather satellites containing a wide variety

of atmosphere, ice, and ocean sensors.

15
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

NMC National Meteorological Center

NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOARL Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory

NORAD North American Air Defense (Command)

NOS National Ocean Service

NRA NASA Research Announcement

NRL Naval Research Laboratory

NSCAT NASA Scatterometer

NSF National Science Foundation

–O–

OAM Optically Active Materials

OCEAN Ocean Colour European Archive Network

OCTS Ocean Color Temperature Sensor (Japan)

ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System

ODU Old Dominion University

OFFI Optical Free-Fall Instrument

OLIPAC Oligotrophy in the Pacific (Ocean)

OMEX Ocean Marine Exchange

ONR Office of Naval Research

OS Operating System

OSC Orbital Sciences Corporation

OSFI Optical Surface Floating Instrument

OSSA Office of Space Science and Applications

OSU Oregon State University

–P–

PAR Photosynthetically Available Radiation

PC (IBM) Personal Computer

PDR Preliminary Design Review

PI Principal Investigator

PIKE Phased Illuminated Knife Edge

PML Plymouth Marine Laboratory

POC Particulate Organic Carbon

POLDER Polarization Detecting Environmental Radiometer (France)

PON Particulate Organic Nitrogen

PRIME Plankton Reactivity in the Marine Environment

PST Pacific Standard Time

PSU Practical Salinity Units

PUR Photosynthetically Usable Radiation

–Q–

QC Quality Control

–R–

R&A Research and Applications

R&D Research and Development

RDF Radio Direction Finder

RF Radio Frequency

RFP Request for Proposals

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer

rms root mean squared

ROSIS Remote Sensing Imaging Spectrometer, also

known as the Reflective Optics System Imaging

Spectrometer (Germany)

RSMAS Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric

Sciences (University of Miami)

RTOP Research and Technology Operation Plan

–S–

SAC Satellite Applications Centre

SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite

SBRC (Hughes) Santa Barbara Research Center

SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer

SBUV-2 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer–2

S/C Spacecraft

SCOR Scientific Committee on Oceanographic Research

SDPS SeaWiFS Data Processing System

SDSU San Diego State University

SEAPAK Not an acronym, an image display and analysis

package developed at GSFC.

SeaSCOPE SeaWiFS Study of Climate, Ocean Productivity, and Environmental Change

SeaWiFS Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor

SES Shelf Edge Study

SGI Silicon Graphics, Incorporated

SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography

SIS Spherical Integrating Source

SISSR Submerged In Situ Spectral Radiometer

SMM Solar Maximum Mission

SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio

SOC Spacecraft Operations Center

SOGS SeaStar Operations Ground Subsystem

SOH State of Health

SOW Statement of Work

SPM Suspended Particulate Material or Special Perturbations Model (depending on usage)

SPO SeaWiFS Project Office

SPOT Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre

(France)

SPSWG SeaWiFS Prelaunch Science Working Group

SRC Satellite Receiving Station (NERC)

SST Sea Surface Temperature or SeaWiFS Science

Team (depending on usage)

ST Science Team

SUN Sun Microsystems

SWAP Sylter Wattenmeer Austausch-prozesse

SWG Science Working Group

–T–

T-S Temperature-Salinity

TBD To Be Determined

TBUS Not an acronym, but a NOAA orbit prediction

TDI Time-Delay and Integration

TDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System

TIROS Television Infrared Observation Satellite

TLM Telemetry

TM Technical Memorandum

TOGA Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program

TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer

TOPEX Topography Experiment

TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder

TSM Total Suspended Material

TV Thermal Vacuum

–U–

UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite

UCMBO University of California Marine Bio-Optics

UCSB University of California at Santa Barbara

UCSD University of California at San Diego

UH University of Hawaii

16
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

UIM/X User Interface Management/X-Windows

UM University of Miami

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and

Cultural Organizations

UPS Uninterruptable Power System

URI University of Rhode Island

USC University of Southern California

USF University of South Florida

UVB Ultraviolet-B

UWG User Working Group

–V–

V0 Version 0

V1 Version 1

VAX Virtual Address Extension

VHF Very High Frequency

VI Virtual Instrument

VISLAB Visibility Laboratory (Scripps Institution of

Oceanography)

VISNIR Visible and Near Infrared

VMS Virtual Memory System

–W, X, Y, Z –

WFF Wallops Flight Facility

WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute

WMO World Meteorological Organization

WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment

WORM Write Once Read Many (times)

17
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

Symbols

–A–

a The semi-major axis of the Earth’s orbit or a constant equal to 0.983 (depending on usage).

a(z, λ) Spectral absorption coefficient.

aox Coefficient for oxygen absorption.

aoz Coefficient for ozone absorption.

awv Coefficient for water vapor absorption.

A(λ) Coefficient for calculating bb(λ).

Ai The intersection area.

–B–

b(z, λ) Total scattering coefficient.

b(θ, z, λ0) Volume scattering coefficient.

bb(z, λ) Spectral backscattering coefficient.

bbc(λ) Spectral backscattering coefficient for phytoplankton.

br(λ) Total Raman scattering coefficient.

bw(λ) Total scattering coefficient for pure seawater.

B(λ) Coefficient for calculating bb(λ).

–C–

c(z, λ) Spectral beam attenuation coefficient .

c(z, 660) Red beam attenuation (at 660 nm).

[chl. a]/K Concentration of chlorophyll a over K, the diffuse

attenuation coefficient.

Cref Reference chlorophyll value (0.5).

–D–

D Sequential day of the year.

D Orbit position difference vector.

Dat Along-track position difference.

Dct Cross-track position difference.

Drad Radial position difference.

DC10 Digital counts at 10-bit digitization.

–E–

e Orbit eccentricity of the Earth.

Ea(λ) Irradiance in air.

Ecal Calibration source irradiance.

Ed(0−, λ) Incident spectral irradiance.

Ed(z, λ) Downwelled spectral irradiance.

Es(λ) Surface irradiance.

Esky(λ) Spectral sky irradiance distribution.

Esun(λ) Spectral sun irradiance distribution.

Eu(z, λ) Upwelled spectral irradiance.

Ew(z, λ) Irradiance in water.

–F–

f-ratio The ratio of new to total production.

F0 Extraterrestrial irradiance corrected for Earth-sun

distance.

F0 Mean solar irradiance.

F

0 Extraterrestrial irradiance corrected for the atmosphere.

F0(λ) Mean extraterrestrial irradiance.

Fa Forward scattering probability of the aerosol.

–G–

g1 A constant equal to 0.82.

g2 A constant equal to −0.55.

Ge Gravitational constant of the Earth (398,600.5 km3

s−2).

–H–

HGMT GMT in hours.

Hs Altitude of the spacecraft (for SeaStar 705 km).

–I–

i Inclination angle.

i

Inclination angle minus 90◦.

I Rayleigh intensity.

I0 Surface downwelling irradiance.

–J–

J2 The J2 gravity field term (0.0010863).

J3 The J3 gravity field term (−0.0000254).

J4 The J4 gravity field term (−0.0000161).

J5 The J5 gravity field term.

–K–

kc(λ) Spectral fit coefficient weighted over the SeaWiFS

bands; k

c(λ) also used.

K(z, λ) Diffuse attenuation coefficient.

K0(λ) Diffuse attenuation coefficient at z = 0.

Kc(λ) Attenuation coefficients for phytoplankton.

KE(λ) Attenuation coefficient downwelled irradiance.

Kg(λ) Attenuation coefficients for Gelbstoff.

KL(z, λ) Attenuation coefficient upwelled radiance.

Kw(λ) Attenuation coefficients for pure seawater.

–L–

L(z, θ, φ) Submerged upwelled radiance distribution.

La Aerosol radiance.

Lcal Calibration source radiance.

Lg(λ) Sun glint radiance.

LNERλ) Noise equivalent radiance.

Lr(λ) Rayleigh radiance.

Lsat(λ) Saturation radiance for the sensor.

Lsky(λ) Spectral sky radiance distribution.

Lt(λ) Total radiance at the sensor.

Lu(z, λ) Upwelled spectral radiance.

LW (λ) Water-leaving radiance.

LWN (λ) Normalized water-leaving radiance.

–M–

M Path length through the atmosphere.

M

m The corrected mean orbit anomaly of the Earth,

which is a function of date, and refers to an imaginary moon in a circular orbit.

Moz Path length for ozone transmittance.

–N–

n Index of refraction or mean orbital motion in revolutions per day (depending on usage).

nw(λ) Index of refraction of water.

N The total number of something.

–O–

O P × V .

18
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

–P–

pa A factor to account for the probability of scattering

to the spacecraft for three different paths from the

sun.

pw The probability of seeing sun glitter in the direction

θ, Φ given the sun in position θ0, Φ0 as a function of

wind speed (W).

P Nodal period.

P Orbit position vector.

P(θ+) Phase function for forward scattering.

P(θ−) Phase function for backward scattering.

Pa Probability of scattering to the spacecraft.

–Q–

Q(λ) Lu(0−, λ) to Eu(0−, λ) relation factor (theoretically

equal to π).

–R–

r Water-air reflectance for totally diffuse irradiance.

r1 The radius of circle one.

r2 The radius of circle two.

R(0−, λ) Irradiance reflectance just below the sea surface.

Re Mean Earth radius (6,378.137 km).

RL(z, λ) Spectral reflectance.

Rz Sunspot number.

–S–

s(λ) Slope for the range 0–1,023.

S Solar constant.

– T, U –

t Time variable.

t0 Initial time.

taa Aerosol transmittance after absorption.

tas Aerosol transmittance after scattering.

td Direct component of transmittance after absorption

by the gaseous components of the atmosphere, scattering and absorption by aerosols, and scattering by

Rayleigh.

te Time difference in hours between present position

and most recent equator crossing.

tEC Equator crossing time.

toz Transmittance after absorption by ozone.

tr Transmittance after Rayleigh scattering.

ts Diffuse component of transmittance after absorption by the gaseous components of the atmosphere,

scattering and absorption by aerosols, and scattering by Rayleigh.

twv Transmittance after absorption by water vapor.

Ts(λ) Transmittance through the surface.

T(λ, θ) Total transmittance (direct plus diffuse) from the

ocean through the atmosphere to the spacecraft

along the path determined by the spacecraft zenith

angle θ.

T0(λ, θ0) Total downward transmittance of irradiance.

Te Equation of time.

Tox Transmittance of oxygen (O2).

Toz Transmittance of ozone (O3).

Ts(λ) Transmittance through the surface.

Tw(λ) Transmittance through a water path.

Twv Transmittance of water vapor (H2O).

–V–

V Orbit velocity vector.

–W–

W Wind speed.

Wd Direct irradiance divided by the total irradiance at

the surface.

Ws Diffuse irradiance divided by the total irradiance.

– X, Y, Z –

x Abscissa or longitudinal coordinate, or the pixel

number within a scan line depending on usage.

y Ordinate or meridional coordinate.

– Greek –

α The power constant in the  ̊Angstr ̈om formulation.

β A constant in the  ̊Angstr ̈om formulation.

β(z, λ, θ) Spectral volume scattering function.

δ Great circle distance from Ψs(t0) to Ψs(t − t0).

∆P The difference in successive pixels.

∆pCO2 Partial pressure difference of CO2 between air and

sea water.

∆t Time difference.

∆ω The longitude difference from the sub-satellite point

to the pixel.

∆ωs Longitude difference.

η Bearing from the sub-satellite point to the pixel

along the direction of motion of the satellite.

θ Spacecraft zenith angle.

θ1 The intersection angle of circle one.

θ2 The intersection angle of circle two.

θ0 Solar zenith angle.

θN The angle with respect to nadir that the sea surface

slopes to produce a reflection angle to the spacecraft.

θs Scan angle of sensor.

θ

s Scan angle of sensor adjusted for tilt.

λ Wavelength of light.

μd(0+, λ) Spectral mean cosine for downwelling radiance at

the sea surface.

ξEM The distance between the Earth and the moon.

ρ Weighted direct plus diffuse reflectance.

ρ(θ) Fresnel reflectance for viewing geometry.

ρ(θ0) Fresnel reflectance for solar geometry.

ρn Sea surface reflectance for direct irradiance at normal incidence for a flat sea.

ρN Reflectance for diffuse irradiance.

σ Standard deviation of a set of data values.

τ (z, λ) Spectral optical depth.

τa Aerosol optical thickness.

τr Rayleigh optical thickness.

τs(λ) Spectral solar atmospheric transmission.

Φ Spacecraft azimuth angle.

Φ0 Solar azimuth angle.

Ψ Pixel latitude.

Ψd Solar declination latitude.

Ψs(t) Sub-satellite latitude as a function of time.

19
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

ω Longitude variable.

ω0 Old longitude value.

ωa Single scattering albedo of the aerosol.

ωe Equator crossing longitude.

ωs Longitude variable.

Ω Solar hour angle.

20
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

References

–A–

Abbott, M.R., and P.M. Zion, 1985: Satellite observations of

phytoplankton variability during an upwelling event. Cont.

Shelf Res., 4, 661–680.

, and D.B. Chelton, 1991: Advances in passive remote sensing of the ocean. U. S. National Report to the International

Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1987–1990, Contributions in Oceanography, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington,

DC, 571–589.

Abel, P., G.R. Smith, R.H. Levin, and H. Jacobowitz, 1988: Results from aircraft measurements over White Sands, New

Mexico, to calibrate the visible channels of spacecraft instruments. SPIE, 924, 208–214.

, B. Guenther, R. Galimore, and J. Cooper, 1993: Calibration results for NOAA-11 AVHRR channels 1 and 2 from

congruent aircraft observations. J. Atmos. and Ocean.

Technol., 10, 493–508.

Arking, A., and J.D. Childs, 1985: Retrieval of cloud cover

parameters from multispectral satellite images. J. Climate

Appl. Meteor., 24, 322–333.

Austin, R.W., 1974: The remote sensing of spectral radiance

from below the ocean surface. Optical Aspects of Oceanography, N.G. Jerlov and E. Steemann-Nielsen, Eds., Academic Press, 317–344.

, 1976: Air-Water Radiance Calibration Factor. Tech.

Memo. ML–76–004t, Vis. Lab., Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr.,

La Jolla, California, 8 pp.

, 1980: Gulf of Mexico, ocean-color surface-truth measurements. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 18, 269–285.

, and G. Halikas, 1976: The index of refraction of seawater.

SIO Ref. 76–1, Vis. Lab., Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La

Jolla, California, 64 pp.

, and T.J. Petzold, 1981: The determination of diffuse attenuation coefficient of sea water using the Coastal Zone

Color Scanner. Oceanography from Space, J.F.R. Gower,

Ed., Plenum Press, 239–256.

–B–

Baker, K.S., and R.C. Smith, 1982: Bio-optical classification

and model of natural waters, 2. Limnol. Oceanogr., 27,

500–509.

, and , 1990: Irradiance transmittance through the

air/water interface. Ocean Optics X, R.W. Spinrad, Ed.,

SPIE, 1302, 556–565.

Balch, W.M., R. Evans, J. Brown, G. Feldman, C. McClain,

and W. Esaias, 1992: The remote sensing of ocean primary

productivity–use of a new data compilation to test satellite

algorithms. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2,279–2,293.

Ball Aerospace Systems Division, 1979: Development of the

Coastal Zone Color Scanner for Nimbus-7, Test and Performance Data. Final Report F78-11, Rev. A, Vol. 2, Boulder, Colorado, 94 pp.

Barale, V., C.R. McClain, and P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, 1986:

Space and time variability of the surface color field in the

northern Adriatic Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 12,957–12,974.

, and R. Wittenburg-Fay, 1986: Variability of the ocean

surface color field in central California near-coastal waters

as observed in seasonal analysis of CZCS imagery. J. Mar.

Res., 44, 291–316.

Berger, W.H., 1989: Productivity of the Ocean: Present and

Past. V.S. Smetacek and G. Wefer, Eds., John Wiley &

Sons, 471 pp.

Bernstein, R.L., 1982: Sea surface temperature estimation using the NOAA-6 satellite Advanced Very High Resolution

Radiometer. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 9,455–9,465.

Bird, R.E., and C. Riordan, 1986: Simple solar spectral model

for direct and diffuse irradiance on horizontal and tilted

planes at the Earth’s surface for cloudless atmospheres. J.

of Climate and Appl. Meteor., 25, 87–97.

Booth, C.R.B. and R.C. Smith, 1988: Moorable spectroradiometer in the Biowatt Experiment. Ocean Optics IX,

SPIE 925, 176–188.

Boyd, R.A., 1951: The development of prismatic glass block

and the daylight laboratory. Eng. Res. Bull. No. 32, Eng.

Res. Inst., Univ. of Mich., 88 pp.

Bricaud, A., A. Morel, and L. Prieur, 1981: Absorption by

dissolved organic matter of the sea (yellow substance) in

the UV and visible domains. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26, 43–

53.

Brock, J.C., C.R. McClain, M.E. Luther, and W.W. Hay, 1991:

The phytoplankton bloom in the northwest Arabian Sea

during the southwest monsoon of 1979. J. Geophys. Res.,

96, 20,623–20,642.

, and , 1992: Interannual variability in phytoplankton

blooms observed in the northwestern Arabian Sea during

the southwest monsoon. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 733–750.

Brouwer, D., 1959: Solution of the problem of artificial satellite

theory without drag. Astron. J., 64(1274), 378–397.

Brown, O.B., and R.H. Evans, 1985: Calibration of Advanced

Very High Resolution Radiometer infrared observations. J.

Geophys. Res., 90, 11,667–11,677.

Burlov-Vasiljev, K.A., E.A. Gurtovenko, and Y.B. Matvejev,

1992: The Solar Radiation Between 310–680 nm. Proceedings of the Workshop on the Solar Electromagnetic Radiation Study for Solar Cycle 22, R.E. Donnelly, Ed., U.S.

DOC NOAA Environmental Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, 49–53.

–C–

Campbell, J.W., and J.E. O’Reilly, 1988: Role of satellites in

estimating primary productivity on the northwest Atlantic

continental shelf. Cont. Shelf Res., 8, 179–204.

Capellari, J.O., C.E. Velez, and A.J. Fuchs, 1976: Mathematical Theory of the Goddard Trajectory Determination System. GSFC X-582-76-77, NASA Goddard Space Flight

Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 596 pp.

Carder, K.L., G.R. Harvey, R.G. Steward, and P.B. Ortner,

1989: Marine humic and fulvic acids: their effects on remote sensing of ocean chlorophyll. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34,

68–81.

21
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

Cebula, R.P., H. Park, and D.F. Heath, 1988: Characterization

of the Nimbus-7 SBUV radiometer for the long term monitoring of stratospheric ozone. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.,

5, 215–227.

Chin, R.T., C. Jau, and J.A. Weinman, 1987: The application

of time series models to cloud field morphology analysis.

J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 363–373.

Clark, D.K., 1981: Phytoplankton algorithms for the Nimbus7 CZCS. Oceanography from Space, J.F.R. Gower, Ed.,

Plenum Press, 227–238.

, E.T. Baker, and A.E. Strong, 1980: Upwelled spectral

radiance distributions in relation to particulate matter in

sea water. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 18, 287-298.

Coakley, J.A., Jr., and F.P. Bretherton, 1982: Cloud cover from

high resolution scanner data: Detecting and allowing for

partially filled fields of view. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4,917–

4,932.

Comiso, J.C., N.G. Maynard, W.O. Smith, Jr., and C.W. Sullivan, 1990: Satellite ocean color studies of Antarctic ice

edges in summer and autumn. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9,481–

9,496.

Cox, C., and W. Munk, 1954: Measurement of the roughness

of the sea surface from photographs of the sun’s glitter. J.

Mar. Res., 44, 838–850.

Crane, R.J., and M.R. Anderson, 1984: Satellite discrimination

of snow/cloud surfaces. Int. J. Remote Sens., 5, 213–223.

–D–

Darzi, M., 1992: Cloud Screening for Polar Orbiting Visible

and IR Satellite Sensors. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol.

7, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 7 pp.

Denman, K.L., and M.R. Abbott, 1988: Time evolution of surface chlorophyll patterns from cross spectrum analysis of

satellite color images. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 6,789–6,798.

Detwiler, A., 1990: Analysis of cloud imagery using box counting. Int. J. Remote Sens., 11, 887–898.

Deuser, W.G., F.E. Muller-Karger, and C. Hemleben, 1988:

Temporal variations of particle fluxes in the deep subtropical and tropical North Atlantic: Eulerian versus Lagrangian effects. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 6,857–6,862.

, , R.H. Evans, O.B. Brown, W.E. Esaias, and G.C.

Feldman, 1990: Surface-ocean color and deep-sea carbon

flux: how close a connection? Deep-Sea Res., 37, 1,331–

1,343.

Dickey, T., J. Marra, T. Granata, C. Langdon, M. Hamilton, J.

Wiggert, D. Siegel, and A. Bratkovich, 1991: Concurrent

high-resolution bio-optical and physical time series observations in the Sargasso Sea during the spring of 1987. J.

Geophys. Res., 96, 8,643–8,663.

Duffett-Smith, P., 1979: Practical Astronomy With Your Calculator. Cambridge University Press, 129 pp.

–E–

Ebert, E.E., 1992: Pattern recognition analysis of polar clouds

during summer and winter. Int. J. Remote Sens., 13, 97–

109.

Eck, T.F., and V.L. Kalb, 1991: Cloud-screening for Africa using a geographically and seasonally variable infrared

threshold. Int. J. Remote Sens., 12, 1,205–1,221.

Eckstein, B.A., and J.J. Simpson, 1991: Cloud screening Coastal Zone Color Scanner images using channel 5. Int. J.

Remote Sens., 12, 2,359–2,377.

England, C.F., and G.E. Hunt, 1985: A bispectral method

for the automatic determination of parameters for use in

imaging satellite cloud retrievals. Int. J. Remote Sens., 6,

1,545–1,553.

Eppley, R.W., 1984: Relations between primary productivity

and ocean chlorophyll determined by satellites. Global

Ocean Flux Study: Proceedings of a Workshop, National

Academy Press, Washington, DC, 85–102.

Esaias, W., G. Feldman, C.R. McClain, and J. Elrod, 1986:

Satellite observations of oceanic primary productivity. Eos,

Trans. AGU, 67, 835–837.

–F–

Feldman, G., 1986: Variability of the productive habitat in the

eastern equatorial Pacific. Eos, Trans. AGU, 67, 106–108.

, D. Clark, and D. Halpern, 1984: Satellite color observations of the phytoplankton distribution in the eastern

equatorial Pacific during the 1982–1983 El Ni ̃no. Science,

226, 1,069–1,071.

, N. Kuring, C. Ng, W. Esaias, C. McClain, J. Elrod, N.

Maynard, D. Endres, R. Evans, J. Brown, S. Walsh, M.

Carle, and G. Podesta, 1989: Ocean Color: Availability of

the global data set. Eos, Trans. AGU, 70, 634.

Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker 1992: SeaWiFS Technical

Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–5. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 6, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 9 pp.

Fofonoff, N.P., and R.C. Millard, Jr., 1983: Algorithms for

Computation of Fundamental Properties of Seawater. UNESCO Tech. Papers in Mar. Sci., 44, UNESCO, 53 pp.

Frederick, J.E., R.P. Cebula, and D.F. Heath, 1986: Instrument characterization for detection of long-term changes in

stratospheric ozone: An analysis of the SBUV/2 radiometer. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 3, 472–480.

Frohlich, C., 1979: WMO/PMOD Sunphotometer: Instructions for Manufacture. World Meteor. Org., Geneva, 3 pp

(plus tables and drawings).

–G–

Gallaudet, T.C., and J.J. Simpson, 1991: Automated cloud

screening of AVHRR imagery using split-and-merge clustering. Remote Sens. Environ., 38, 77–121.

Garand, L., 1986: Automated Recognition of Oceanic Cloud

Patterns and Its Application to Remote Sensing of Meteorological Parameters. Doctoral dissertation, Dept. of Meteorology, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison.

General Sciences Corp., 1991: SeaWiFS Science Data and Information System Architecture Report. GSC-TR-21-91-006,

General Sciences Corp., Laurel, Maryland, 133 pp.

22
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Gieskes, W.W.C., and G.W. Kraay, 1986: Analysis of phytoplankton pigments by HPLC before, during, and after

mass occurrence of the microflagellate corymbellus during

the spring bloom in the open north North Sea in 1983.

Mar. Biol., 92, 45–52.

Gordon, H.R., 1981: Reduction of error introduced in the processing of coastal zone color scanner-type imagery resulting

from sensor calibration and solar irradiance uncertainty.

Appl. Opt., 20, 207–210.

, 1985: Ship perturbations of irradiance measurements at

sea, 1: Monte Carlo simulations. Appl. Opt., 24, 4,172–

4,182.

, 1987a: Calibration requirements and methodology for

remote sensors viewing the ocean in the visible. Remote

Sens. Environ., 22, 103–126.

, 1987b: Visible calibration of ocean-viewing sensors. Remote Sens. of Environ., 22, 103–126.

, 1988: Ocean color remote sensing systems: radiometric

requirements. Recent Advances in Sensors, Radiometry,

and Data Processing for Remote Sensing, P.N. Slater, Ed.,

SPIE, 924, 151–167.

, 1989: Can the Lambert-Beer law be applied to the diffuse

attenuation coefficient of ocean water? Limnol. Oceanogr.,

34, 1,389–1,409.

, 1990: Radiometric considerations for ocean color remote

sensors. Appl. Opt., 29, 3,228–3,236.

, 1991: Absorption and scattering estimates from irradiance measurements: Monte Carlo simulations. Limnol.

Oceanogr., 36, 769–777.

, and D.K. Clark, 1980: Remote sensing optical properties

of a stratified ocean: an improved interpretation. Appl.

Opt., 19, 3,428–3,430.

, , J.L. Mueller, and W.A. Hovis, 1980: Phytoplankton

pigments from the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner:

Comparisons with surface measurements. Science, 210,

63–66.

, and D.K. Clark, 1981: Clear water radiances for atmospheric correction of coastal zone color scanner imagery.

Appl. Opt., 20, 4,175–4,180.

, , J.W. Brown, O.B. Brown, and R.H. Evans, 1982:

Satellite measurements of phytoplankton pigment concentration in the surface waters of a warm core Gulf Stream

ring. J. Mar. Res., 40, 491–502.

, , , , , and W.W. Broenkow, 1983a: Phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the Middle Atlantic

Bight: Comparison of ship determinations and CZCS estimates. Appl. Opt., 22, 20–36.

, J.W. Brown, O.B. Brown, R.H. Evans, and D.K. Clark,

1983b: Nimbus 7 CZCS: reduction of its radiometric sensitivity with time. Appl. Opt., 24, 3,929–3,931.

, and D.J. Casta ̃no, 1987: Coastal Zone Color Scanner atmospheric correction algorithm: multiple scattering effects.

Appl. Opt., 26, 2,111–2,122.

, O.B. Brown, R.H. Evans, J.W. Brown, R.C. Smith, K.S.

Baker, and D.K. Clark, 1988a. A semianalytic radiance

model of ocean color. J. of Geophys. Res., 93, 10,909–

10,924.

, J.W. Brown, and R.H. Evans, 1988b: Exact Rayleigh

scattering calculations for use with the Nimbus-7 Coastal

Zone Color Scanner. Appl. Opt., 27, 5, 862–871.

, and D.J. Casta ̃no, 1989: Aerosol analysis with Coastal

Zone Color Scanner: A simple method for including multiple scattering effects. Appl. Opt., 28, 1,320–1,326.

, and K. Ding, 1991: Self shading of in-water optical instruments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 491–500.

Gower, J.F.R, 1985: Reduction of the effect of clouds on satellite thermal imagery. Int. J. Remote Sens., 6, 1,419–1,434.

Gregg, W.W., 1992: Analysis of Orbit Selection for SeaWiFS:

Ascending vs. Descending Node. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 2, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 16 pp.

, 1993: The Simulated SeaWiFS Data Set, Version 1.

NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 9, S.B. Hooker and E.R.

Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland, 17 pp.

, and K.L. Carder, 1990: A simple spectral solar irradiance model for cloudless maritime atmospheres. Limnol.

Oceanogr., 35, 1,657–1,675.

Groom, S.B., and P.M. Holligan, 1987: Remote sensing of coccolithophorid blooms. Adv. Space Res., 7, 73–78.

Guenther, B., 1991: Accuracy and precisions actually achieved

for large aperture sources for aircraft and space investigations. Metrologia, 28, 229–232.

Gutman, G., D. Tarpley, and G. Ohring, 1987: Cloud screening for determination of land surface characteristics in a

reduced resolution satellite data set. Int. J. Remote Sens.,

8, 859–870.

–H–

Haury, L.R., J.J. Simpson, J. Pelaez, C. Koblinsky, and D.

Wiesenhahn, 1986: Biological consequences of a recurrent

eddy off Point Conception, California. J. Geophys. Res.,

91, 12,937–12,956.

Hay, B.J., C.R. McClain, and M. Petzold, 1993: An assessment

of the NIMBUS-7 CZCS calibration for May 1986 using

satellite and in situ data from the Arabian Sea. Remote

Sens. Environ., 43, 35–46.

Helliwell, W.S., G.N. Sullivan, B. MacDonald, and K.J. Voss,

1990: Ship shadowing: model and data comparison. Ocean

Optics X, R.W. Spinrad, Ed., SPIE, 1302, 55–71.

Herman, J.R., R.D. Hudson, and G.N. Serafino, 1990: An

analysis of the 8 year trend in ozone depletion from alternate models of SBUV instrument degradation. J. Geophys.

Res., 95, 7,403–7,416.

Holm-Hansen, O., C.J. Lorenzen, R.W. Holmes, and J.D.H.

Strickland, 1965: Fluorometric determination of chlorophyll. J. du Cons. Int’l. pour l’Explor. de la Mer, 30,

3–15.

Hooker, S.B., P.L. Coronado, W.E. Esaias, G.C. Feldman,

W.W. Gregg, C.R. McClain, B.W. Meeson, L.M. Olsen,

R.A. Barnes, and E.F. Del-Colle, 1992a: Baselines and

Background Documentation, SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting, January, 1993, Volume 1, S.B. Hooker and W.E. Esaias, Eds., SeaWiFS Proj. Office, NASA Goddard Space

Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 244 pp.

23
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

, W.E. Esaias, G.C. Feldman, W.W. Gregg, and C.R. McClain, 1992b: An Overview of SeaWiFS and Ocean Color.

NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 1, S.B. Hooker and E.R.

Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland, 24 pp., plus color plates.

, W.L. Barnes W.E. Esaias, G.C. Feldman, W.W. Gregg,

R.G. Kirk, C.R. McClain, C.H. Vermillion, D.J. Zukor,

R.A. Barnes, 1993a: SeaWiFS Project Presentations, SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting, January, 1993, Volume 2.

S.B. Hooker and W.E. Esaias, Eds., SeaWiFS Proj. Office,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,

Maryland, 235 pp.

, W.E. Esaias, and L.A. Rexrode, 1993b: Proceedings of

the First SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting. NASA Tech.

Memo. 104566, Vol. 8, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone,

Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,

Maryland, 61 pp.

Hoots, F.R., and R.L. Roehrich, 1980: Models for Propagation

of NORAD Element Sets. Project Spacetrack Report No.

3, 100 pp.

Hovis, W.A., 1981: The Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) program. Oceanography from Space, J.F.R.

Gower, Ed., Plenum Press, 213–225.

, D.K. Clark, F. Anderson, R.W. Austin, W.H. Wilson,

E.T. Baker, D. Ball, H.R. Gordon, J.L. Mueller, S. ElSayed, B. Sturm, R.C. Wrigley, and C.S. Yentsch, 1980:

Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner: System description

and initial imagery. Science, 210, 60–63.

, J.S. Knoll, and G.R. Smith, 1985: Aircraft measurements

for calibration of an orbiting spacecraft sensor. Appl. Opt.

24, 407–410.

–I–

Iqbal, M., 1983: An Introduction to Solar Radiation. Academic

Press, 390 pp.

Ishizaka, J., 1990a: Coupling of Coastal Zone Color Scanner

data to physical-biological model of the southeastern U.S.

continental shelf ecosystem, 1. CZCS data description and

Lagrangian particle tracing experiments. J. Geophys. Res.,

95, 10,167–10,181.

, 1990b: Coupling of Coastal Zone Color Scanner data to

physical-biological model of the southeastern U.S. continental shelf ecosystem, 2. an Eulerian model. J. Geophys.

Res., 95, 10,183–10,199.

, 1990c: Coupling of Coastal Zone Color Scanner data

to physical-biological model of the southeastern U.S. continental shelf ecosystem, 3. nutrient and phytoplankton

fluxes and CZCS data assimilation. J. Geophys. Res., 95,

10,201–10,212.

–J–

Jerlov, N.G., 1976: Marine Optics, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 231 pp.

Joint EOSAT–NASA SeaWiFS Working Group, 1987: System

concept for wide-field-of-view observations of ocean phenomena from space. Report of the Joint EOSAT/NASA

SeaWiFS Working Group, Earth Observation Satellite Co.,

Lanham, Maryland, 92 pp.

Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, 1991: JGOFS Core Measurements Protocols. JGOFS Report No. 6, Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, 40 pp.

Joseph, J.H., 1985: The morphology of fair weather cumulus

cloud fields as remotely sensed from satellites and some

applications. Adv. Space Res., 5, 213–216.

Justice, J.O., B.L. Markham, J.R.G. Townshend, and R.L.

Kennard, 1989: Spatial degradation of satellite data. Int.

J. Remote Sens., 10, 1,539–1,561.

Justus, C.G., and M.V. Paris, 1985: A model for solar spectral

irradiance and radiance at the bottom and top of a cloudless atmosphere, J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 193–205.

–K–

Kasten, F., 1966: A new table and approximate formula for

relative optical air mass. Geophys. Biokimatol., B14, 206–

223.

Kaufman, Y.J., 1987: The effect of subpixel clouds on remote

sensing. Int. J. Remote Sens., 8, 839–857.

Kelly, K.A., 1985: Separating clouds from ocean in infrared

images. Remote Sensing Environ., 17, 67–83.

Key, J.R., and R.G. Barry, 1989: Cloud cover analysis with

Arctic AVHRR data. 1. Cloud detection. J. Geophys. Res.,

94, 18,521–18,535.

, J.A. Maslanik, and R.G. Barry, 1989: Cloud classification

from satellite data using a fuzzy sets algorithm: A polar

example. Int. J. Remote Sens., 10, 1,823–1,842.

Kidwell, K.B., 1991: NOAA Polar Orbiter User’s Guide. NOAA

NESDIS, Washington D.C., 279 pp.

King, M.D., Y.J. Kaufman, W.P. Menzel, and D. Tanre, 1992:

Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer

(MODIS). IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 30, 2–27.

Kohler, R., R. Pello, and J. Bonhoure, 1990: Temperature dependent nonlinearity effects of a QED-200 detector in the

visible. Appl. Opt., 29, 4,212–4,215.

Kuring, N., M.R. Lewis, T. Platt, and J.E. O’Reilly, 1990:

Satellite-derived estimates of primary production on the

northwest Atlantic continental shelf. Cont. Shelf Res., 10,

461–484.

–L–

Lyddane, R.H., 1963: Small eccentricities or inclinations in the

Brouwer theory of the artificial satellite. Astron. J., 68,

555–558.

–M–

Mantoura, R.F.C., and C.A. Llewellyn, 1983: The rapid determination of algal chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments

and their breakdown products in natural waters by reversephase high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal.

Chim. Acta, 151, 297–314.

Marshall, B.R., and R.C. Smith, 1990: Raman scattering and

in-water optical properties. Appl. Opt., 29, 71–84.

McClain, C.R., and L.P. Atkinson, 1985: A note on the Charleston Gyre. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,857–11,861.

24
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

, S.-Y. Chao, L. Atkinson, J. Blanton, and F. de Castillejo,

1986: Wind-driven upwelling in the vicinity of Cape Finisterre, Spain. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8,470–8,486.

, J.A. Yoder, L.P. Atkinson, J.O. Blanton, T.N. Lee, J.J.

Singer, and F. Muller-Karger, 1988: Variability of Surface

Pigment Concentrations in the South Atlantic Bight. J.

Geophys. Res., 93, 10,675–10,697.

, J. Ishizaka, and E. Hofmann, 1990a: Estimation of phytoplankton pigment changes on the Southeastern U.S. continental shelf from a sequence of CZCS images and a coupled

physical-biological model. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 20,213–

20,235.

, W.E. Esaias, G.C. Feldman, J. Elrod, D. Endres, J. Firestone, M. Darzi, R. Evans, and J. Brown, 1990b: Physical

and biological processes in the North Atlantic during the

First Global GARP Experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 95,

18,027–18,048.

, M. Darzi, J. Firestone, E.-n. Yeh, G. Fu, and D. Endres,

1991a: SEAPAK Users Guide, Version 2.0, Vol. I—System

Description. NASA Tech. Mem. 100728, NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 158 pp.

, , , , , and , 1991b: SEAPAK Users

Guide, Version 2.0, Vol. II—Descriptions of Programs.

NASA Tech. Mem. 100728, NASA Goddard Space Flight

Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 586 pp.

, W.E. Esaias, W. Barnes, B. Guenther, D. Endres, S.B.

Hooker, G. Mitchell, and R. Barnes, 1992a: Calibration

and Validation Plan for SeaWiFS. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 3, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 41 pp.

, G. Fu., M. Darzi, and J.K. Firestone, 1992b: PC-SEAPAK

User’s Guide, Version 4.0. NASA Technical Memorandum

104557, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,

Maryland, 408 pp.

, E-n. Yeh, and G. Fu, 1992c: An Analysis of GAC Sampling Algorithms: A Case Study. NASA Tech. Memo.

104566, Vol. 4, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds.,

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20 pp., plus color plates.

, G. Feldman, and W. Esaias, 1993: Oceanic primary production. Global Change Atlas, C. Parkinson, J. Foster, and

R. Gurney, Eds., Cambridge University Press, (in press).

McClain, E.P., 1989: Global sea surface temperatures and cloud

clearing for aerosol optical depth estimates. Int. J. Remote

Sens., 10, 763–769.

, W.G. Pichel, and C.C. Walton, 1985: Comparative performance of AVHRR-based multichannel sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,587–11,601.

McLean, J.T., and B.W. Guenther, 1989: Radiance calibration

of spherical integrators. Optical Radiation Measurements

II, SPIE, 1109, 114–121.

Mecherikunnel, A.T., and H.L. Kyle, 1991: Eleven-year cycle

of solar constant variation from spacecraft measurements:

1978 to 1990. Science, (withdrawn).

Michaelsen, J., X. Zhang, and R.C. Smith, 1988: Variability

of pigment biomass in the California Current system as

determined by satellite imagery, 2. temporal variability. J.

Geophys. Res., 93, 10,883–10,896.

Mitchell, B.G., 1990: Algorithms for determining the absorption coefficient for aquatic particulates using the quantitative filter technique. Ocean Optics X, R.W. Spinrad, Ed.,

SPIE, 1302, 137–148.

, and D.A. Kiefer, 1984: Determination of absorption and

fluorescence excitation spectra for phytoplankton. Marine

Phytoplankton and Productivity, O. Holm-Hansen, L. Bolis,

and R. Gilles, Eds., Springer-Verlag, 157–169.

, and , 1988: Chlorophyll–a specific absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra for light-limited phytoplankton. Deep-Sea Res., 35, 639–663.

, and O. Holm-Hansen, 1991: Bio-optical properties of

Antarctic Peninsula waters: differentiation from temperate ocean models. Deep-Sea Res., 39, 1,009–1,028.

Morel, A., 1980: In-water and remote measurements of ocean

color. Bound.-layer Meteor., 18, 178–201.

, and L. Prieur, 1977: Analysis of variations in ocean color.

Limnol. Oceanogr., 22, 709–722.

, and R.C. Smith, 1982: Terminology and units in optical

oceanography. Mar. Geod., 5, 335–349.

Mueller, J.L., 1985: Nimbus–7 CZCS: confirmation of its radiometric sensitivity decay rate through 1982. Appl. Opt.,

24, 1,043–1,047.

, 1988: Nimbus-7 CZCS: electronic overshoot due to cloud

reflectance. Appl. Opt., 27, 438–440.

, 1991: Integral Method for Irradiance Profile Analysis.

CHORS Tech. Memo. 007-91, San Diego State Univ., 10 pp.

, and R.E. Lang, 1989: Bio-optical provinces of the northeast Pacific Ocean: a provisional analysis. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 1,572–1,586.

, and R.W. Austin, 1992: Ocean Optics Protocols. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 5, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 45 pp.

Muller-Karger, F., C.R. McClain, and P. Richardson, 1988:

The dispersal of the Amazon water. Nature, 333, 56–59.

, , T.R. Fisher, W.E. Esaias, and R. Varela, 1989:

Pigment distribution in the Caribbean Sea: Observations

from space. Prog. Oceanogr., 23, 23–64.

, , R.N. Sambrotto, and G.C. Ray, 1990: A comparison

of ship and CZCS-mapped distributions of phytoplankton

in the Southeastern Bering Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 95,

11,483–11,499.

, J.J. Walsh, R.H. Evans, and M.B. Meyers, 1991: On

the seasonal phytoplankton concentration and sea surface

temperature cycles of the Gulf of Mexico as determined by

satellites. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12,645–12,665.

–N–

National Academy of Sciences, 1984: Global Ocean Flux Study,

Proceedings of a Workshop, National Acad. Press, 360 pp.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1982: The

marine resources experiment program (MAREX). Report

25
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

of the Ocean Color Science Working Group, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 107 pp.

Neckel, H., and D. Labs, 1984: The solar radiation between

3300 and 12500  ̊A. Sol. Phys., 90, 205–258.

–O–

Olesen, F.-S., and H. Grassel, 1985: Cloud detection and classification over the oceans at night with NOAA-7. Int. J.

Remote Sens., 6, 1,435–1,444.

– P, Q –

Palmer, J.M., 1988: Use of self-calibrated detectors in radiometric instruments. Recent Advances in Sensors, Radiometry, and Data Processing for Remote Sensing. P.N. Slater,

Ed., SPIE, 924, 224–231.

Paltridge, G.W., and C.M.R. Platt, 1976: Radiative processes

in meteorology and climatology. Developments in Atmospheric Science, Vol. 5. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.,

318 pp.

Parikh, J.A., 1977: A comparative study of cloud classification

techniques. Remote Sens. Environ., 6, 67–81.

Patt, F.S., C.W. Hoisington, W.W. Gregg, and P.L. Coronado,

1993: Analysis of Selected Orbit Propagation Models for

the SeaWiFS Mission. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol.

11, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 16 pp.

Petzold, T.J., 1988: A Method for Obtaining Analytical Curve

Fits to Underwater Radiometric Measurements. Tech.

Memo. Oc Op/TJP–88–06t, Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La

Jolla, California, 20 pp.

, and R.W. Austin, 1988: Characterization of MER-1032.

Tech. Memo. EV–001–88t, Vis. Lab., Scripps Inst. of Ocean

ogr., La Jolla, California, 56 pp.

Pinder, G.F., and W.G. Gray, 1977: Finite Element Simulation in Surface and Subsurface Hydrology. Academic Press,

295 pp.

Phulpin, T., M. Derrien, and A. Brard, 1983: A two-dimensional histogram procedure to analyze cloud cover from NOAA

satellite high-resolution imagery. J. Climate Appl. Meteor.,

22 1,332–1,345.

Platt, T., and S. Sathyendranath, 1988: Oceanic primary production: estimation by remote sensing at local and regional

scales. Science, 241, 1,613–1,620.

, , C.M. Caverhill, and M.R. Lewis, 1988: Ocean primary production and available light: further algorithms for

remote sensing. Deep-Sea Res., 35, 855–879.

–R–

Raschke, E., P. Bauer, and H.J. Lutz, 1992: Remote sensing

of clouds and surface radiation budget over polar regions.

Int. J. Remote Sens., 13, 13–22.

Reynolds, D.W., and T.H. Vonder Haar, 1977: A bispectral

method for cloud parameter determination. Mon. Wea.

Rev., 105, 446–457.

Reynolds, R.W., 1988: A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis. J. Climate, 1, 75–86.

Rossow, W.B., L.C. Garder, and A.A. Lacis, 1989: Global,

seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance measurements. Part I: Sensitivity of analysis. J. Climate, 2, 419–

458.

, L.C. Garder, P.-J. Lu, and A. Walker, 1988: International

Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Documentation of Cloud Data. WMO/TD-No. 266, World Meteor.

Org., Geneva.

, and R.A. Schiffer, 1991: ISCCP cloud data products.

Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 72, 2–20.

–S–

Saunders, R.W., 1986: An automated scheme for the removal

of cloud contamination for AVHRR radiances over western

Europe. Int. J. Remote Sens., 7, 867–888.

, 1989: A comparison of satellite-retrieved parameters with

mesoscale model results. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115,

551–572.

, and K.T. Kriebel, 1988: An improved method for detecting clear sky and cloudy radiances from AVHRR data. Int.

J. Remote Sens., 9, 123–150, Errata, ibid., 9, 1,393–1,394.

Shaw, G.E., 1976: Error analysis of multiwavelength sun photometry. Pure Appl. Geophys., 114, 1–14.

Simpson, J.J., and C. Humphrey, 1990: An automated cloud

screening algorithm for daytime Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer imagery. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13,459–

13,481.

Smith, R.C., and K.S. Baker, 1981: Optical properties of the

clearest natural waters (200–800 nm). Appl. Opt., 20, 177–

184.

, , and P. Dustan, 1981: Fluorometric techniques for

the measurement of oceanic chlorophyll in the support of

remote sensing. SIO Ref. 81–17, Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, California 14 pp.

, and W.H. Wilson, 1981: Ship and satellite bio-optical

research in the California Bight. Oceanography from Space,

J.F.R. Gower, Ed., Plenum Press, 281–294.

, and K.S. Baker, 1984: Analysis of ocean optical data.

Ocean Optics VII, M. Blizard, Ed., SPIE 478, 119–126.

, and , 1986: Analysis of ocean optical data. Ocean

Optics VIII, P.N. Slater, Ed., SPIE, 637, 95–107.

, X. Zhang, and J. Michaelsen, 1988: Variability of pigment

biomass in the California Current system as determined by

satellite imagery, 1. Spatial variability. J. Geophys. Res.,

93, 10,863–10,882.

, K.J. Waters, and K.S. Baker, 1991: Optical variability

and pigment biomass in the Sargasso Sea as determined

using deep-sea optical mooring data. J. Geophys. Res.,

96, 8,665–8,686.

Smith, S.L., W. Balch, K. Banse, W. Berelson, P. Brewer, O.

Brown, K. Cochran, H. Livingston, M. Luther, C. McClain, D. Olson, L. Peterson, W. Peterson, W. Prell, L.

Codispoti, A. Devol, H. Ducklow, R. Fine, G. Hitchcock,

D. Lal, D. Repeta, E. Sherr, N. Surgi, J. Swallow, S.

Wakeham, and K. Wishner, 1991: U.S. JGOFS: Arabian

Sea Process Study. U.S. JGOFS Planning Report No. 13,

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 164 pp.

26
E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker

Smith, W.L., P.K. Rao, R. Koffler, and W.P. Curtis, 1970:

The determination of sea surface temperature from satellite

high-resolution infrared window radiation measurements.

Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 604–611.

Stone, R.S., G.L. Stephens, C.M.R. Platt, and S. Banks, 1990:

The remote sensing of thin cirrus cloud using satellites,

lidar and radiative transfer theory. J. Appl. Meteor., 29,

353–366.

Stowe, L.L., E.P. McClain, R. Carey, P. Pellegrino, G. Gutman,

P. Davis, C. Long, and S. Hart, 1991: Global distribution

of cloud cover derived from NOAA/AVHRR operational

satellite data. Adv. Space Phys., 11(3), 51–54.

, C.G. Wellemeyer, T.F. Eck, H.Y.M. Yeh, and the Nimbus7 Cloud Data Processing Team, 1988: Nimbus-7 global

cloud climatology. J. Climate, 1, 445–470.

Stramski, D., 1990: Artifacts in measuring absorption spectra

of phytoplankton collected on a filter. Limnol. Oceanogr.,

35, 1,804–1,809.

Strickland, J.D.H., and T.R. Parsons, 1972: A Practical Handbook of Sea Water Analysis. Fish. Res. Board. Canada,

310 pp.

Strub, P.T., C. James, A.C. Thomas, and M.R. Abbott, 1990:

Seasonal and nonseasonal variability of satellite-derived

surface pigment concentration in the California Current.

J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11,501–11,530.

Sullivan, C.W., C.R. McClain, J.C. Comiso, and W.O. Wood,

1988: Phytoplankton standing crops within an Antarctic

ice edge assessed by satellite remote sensing. J. Geophys.

Res., 93, 12,487–12,498.

– T, U –

Thiermann, V., and E. Ruprecht, 1992: A method for the detection of clouds using AVHRR infrared observations. Int.

J. Remote Sens., 13, 1,829–1,841.

Toll, R.F., Jr., and W.M. Clune, 1985: An operational evaluation of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS): 48-hour surface pressure forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1,433–1,440.

Trees, C.C., M.C. Kennicutt, II, and J.M. Brooks, 1985: Errors

associated with the standard fluorometric determination of

chlorophylls and phaeopigments. Mar. Chem., 17, 1–12.

Trenberth, K.E., and J.G. Olson, 1988: An evaluation and intercomparison of global analyses from the National Meteorological Center and the European Centre for Me-dium

Range Weather Forecasts. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 69,

1,047–1,057.

Tyler, J.E., and R.C. Smith, 1979: Measurements of Spectral

Irradiance Underwater. Gordon and Breach, 103 pp.

–V–

Viollier, M., 1982: Radiance calibration of the Coastal Zone

Color Scanner: a proposed adjustment. Appl. Opt., 21,

1,142–1,145.

, D. Tanre, and P.Y. Deschamps, 1980: An algorithm for

remote sensing of water color from space. Bound.-Layer

Meteor., 18, 247–267.

Voss, K.J., J.W. Nolten, and G.D. Edwards, 1986: Ship shadow

effects on apparent optical properties. Ocean Optics VIII,

M. Blizard, Ed., SPIE, 637, 186–190.

, and G. Zibordi, 1989: Radiometric and geometric calibration of a spectral electro-optic “fisheye” camera radiance

distribution system. J. of Atmos. and Ocean. Technol., 6,

652–662.

–W, X –

Walker, J.H., C.L. Cromer, and J.T. McLean, 1991: Technique

for improving the calibration of large-area sphere sources.

Ocean Optics, B.W. Guenther, Ed., SPIE, 1493, 224–230.

Walsh, J.J., G.T. Rowe, R.L. Iverson, and C.P. McRoy, 1981:

Biological export of shelf carbon is a sink of the global CO2

cycle. Nature, 291, 196–201.

Waters, K.J., R.C. Smith, and M.R. Lewis, 1990: Avoiding

ship induced light field perturbation in the determination

of oceanic optical properties. Oceanogr., 3, 18–21.

Weare, B.C., 1992: A comparison of the ISCCP C1 cloud

amounts with those derived from high resolution AVHRR

images. Int. J. Remote Sens., 13, 1,965–1,980.

Weinreb, M.P., G. Hamilton, S. Brown, and R.J. Koczor, 1990:

Nonlinear corrections in calibration of Advanced Very High

Resolution Radiometer infrared channels. J. Geophys.

Res., 95, 7,381–7,388.

Williams, S.P., E.F. Szajna, and W.A. Hovis, 1985: Nimbus 7

Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) Level 1 Data Product

Users’ Guide. NASA Tech. Memo. 86203, NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 49 pp.

Wilson, W.H., R.C. Smith, and J.W. Nolten, 1981: The CZCS

Geolocation Algorithms. SIO Ref. 81-32, Scripps Inst. of

Oceanogr., La Jolla, California, 37 pp.

Woodward, R.H., R.A. Barnes, C.R. McClain, W.E. Esaias,

W.L. Barnes, and A.T. Mecherikunnel, 1993: Modeling

of the SeaWiFS Solar and Lunar Observations. NASA

Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 10, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 26 pp.

World Meteorological Organization, 1990: Report of the International Ozone Trends Panel, 1988: World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring

Project, Report No. 18, 2 Vols., Geneva.

Wroblewski, J.S., J.L. Sarmiento, and G.R. Flierl, 1988: An

ocean basin scale model of plankton dynamics in the North

Atlantic 1. solutions for the climatological oceanographic

conditions in May. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2, 199–218.

Wu, R., J.A. Weinman, and R.T. Chin, 1985: Determination

of rainfall rates from GOES satellite images by a pattern

recognition technique. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 2, 314–

330.

– Y, Z –

Yamanouchi, T., and S. Kawaguchi, 1992: Cloud distribution

in the Antarctic from AVHRR data and radiation measurements at the surface. Int. J. Remote Sens., 13, 111–

127.

Yentsch, C.S., and D.W. Menzel, 1963: A method for the determination of phytoplankton, chlorophyll, and phaeophytin

by fluorescence. Deep-Sea Res., 10, 221–231.

27
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11

, and D.A. Phinney, 1985: Rotary motion and convection

as a means of regulating primary production in warm core

rings. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3,237–3,248.

Yoder, J.A., C.R. McClain, J.O. Blanton, and L.-Y. Oey, 1987:

Spatial scales in CZCS-chlorophyll imagery of the southeastern

U.S. continental shelf. Limnol. Oceanogr., 32, 929–941.

28
 Form Approved

 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering

 and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of

 information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite

 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

 August 1993 Technical Memorandum

 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

 SeaWiFS Technical Report Series

 Volume 12–SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1–11 Code 970.2

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING

 AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES

 16. PRICE CODE

NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18, 298-102

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

 REPORT NUMBER

 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188

 OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

 Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified Unlimited

 SeaWiFS, Oceanography, Cumulative, Index, Summary, Overview, Errata, Addendum, 28

 Glossary, Symbol, Reference, Bio-Optical, Algorithm Workshop, Protocols Subgroup

 Workshop

Elaine R. Firestone: General Sciences Corporation, Laurel, Maryland.

Report is available from the Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI),

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076–1320; (301)621-0390

Unclassified–Unlimited

Subject Category 48

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, D.C. 20546–0001 TM–104566, Vol. 12

Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes

Goddard Space Flight Center 93B00034

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

6. AUTHOR(S)

 Elaine R. Firestone and Stanford B. Hooker

 Series Editors: Stanford B. Hooker and Elaine R. Firestone

The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) is the follow-on ocean color instrument to the Coastal Zone

Color Scanner (CZCS), which ceased operations in 1986, after an eight year mission. SeaWiFS is expected to be

launched in August 1993, on the SeaStar satellite, being built by Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The SeaWiFS

Project at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has undertaken the responsibility of documenting all aspects

of this mission, which is critical to the ocean color and marinescience communities. This documentation, entitled the

SeaWiFS Technical Report Series, is in the form of NASA Technical Memoranda Number 104566. All reports published are volumes within the series. This particular volume serves as a reference, or guidebook, to the previous 11

volumes and consists of 6 sections including: an errata, an addendum (a summary of the SeaWiFS Working Group Biooptical Algorithm and Protocols Subgroups Workshops), an index to key words and phrases, a list of all references

cited, and lists of acronyms and symbols used. It is the editors' intention to publish a cumulative index of this type after

every five volumes in the series. This will cover the topics published in all previous editions of the indices, that is, each

new index will include all of the information contained in the preceeding indices.