NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 85

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

Volume 85

BOREAS Level-0 ER-2

Aerial Photography

Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Roseanne Dominguez, ATAC, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

September 2000

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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 85

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

Volume 85

BOREAS Level-0 ER-2

Aerial Photography

Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Roseanne Dominguez, ATAC, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

September 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS Level-0 ER-2 Aerial Photography

Jeffrey A. Newcomer, Roseanne Dominguez

Summary

For BOREAS, the ER-2 and other aerial photography was collected to provide finely detailed and

spatially extensive documentation of the condition of the primary study sites. The ER-2 aerial

photography consists of color-IR transparencies collected during flights in 1994 and 1996 over the

study areas.

Note that the level-0 ER-2 photography is not contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set. An

inventory listing file is supplied on the CD-ROM to inform users of the data that were collected. See

Section 15 for information about how to acquire actual photographs.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS Level-0 ER-2 Aerial Photography

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Staff Science effort covered those activities

that were BOREAS community-level activities or required uniform data collection procedures across

sites and time. These activities included the acquisition, processing, and archiving of the digital images

and aerial photography collected on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's)

ER-2 aircraft.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

For BOREAS, the ER-2 aerial photography, along with the other photography, was collected in

order to provide finely detailed and spatially extensive documentation of the condition of the primary

study sites.

Page 1
1.4 Summary of Parameters

Level-0 ER-2 aerial photography in color-infrared (IR) was obtained by the onboard camera

system during acquisition of digital images on ER-2 flights in early fall of 1993 and during the 1994

and 1996 digital data collection periods.

1.5 Discussion

BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff processed the level-0 ER-2 aerial photography by:

• Reviewing the film on the rolls with the flight logs obtained from NASA Ames Research

Center (ARC) to check for discrepancies in numbers of frames and coverage

• Compiling the information into spreadsheets for loading into the online data base

• Loading the spreadsheet information into data base tables

• Cross-checking the photographic information against data collected by other instrument

systems on the ER-2 aircraft

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS Level-0 AOCI Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format

BOREAS Level-0 Daedalus TMS Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format

BOREAS RSS- 18 Level- 1B AVIRIS Imagery: At-sensor Radiance in BIL Format

BOREAS Level-0 C-130 Aerial Photography

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

BOREAS Staff Science

2.2 Title of Investigation

BOREAS Staff Science Aircraft Data Acquisition Program

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Jeffrey S. Myers

Aircraft Data and Sensor Facilities

NASA Ames Research Center

MS 240-6 (Bldg. 240, Rm. 219)

Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000

(415) 604-6253

(415) 604-4987 (fax)

jmyers@ msmail, arc .nasa. gov

Contact 2:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

Page 2
3. Theory of Measurements

The NASA Earth Resources Aircraft Program at ARC operates the ER-2 aircraft to acquire data for

Earth science research. The aerial photographic cameras used on the ER-2 are equipped with film,

lenses, and filters needed to meet various photographic needs. For BOREAS, the aerial photography

was obtained to help provide fine spatial resolution information about the various intensive

measurement sites.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

As part of the BOREAS Staff Science data collection effort, the ARC High Altitude Aircraft Branch

collected and processed color-IR aerial photography to BOREAS level-0 products. The various camera

systems were flown on NASA's ER-2 aircraft during the BOREAS mission (see the BOREAS

Experiment Plan for flight pattern details and objectives). Maintenance and operation of the cameras are

the responsibility of ARC. The ER-2 Experimenter's Handbook (supplemental) produced by the High

Altitude Aircraft Branch at ARC provides a description of the systems, calibration procedures, and

format.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

NASA's ER-2 Earth Resources Aircraft.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The purpose of the aerial photography was to provide detailed spatial resolution information about

the sites over which various digital scanner data were obtained.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Reflected radiation.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

A Wild-Heerbrug RC-10 metric mapping camera was used, with the shutter intervalometer set to

acquire frames with a 60% forward overlap to provide stereo coverage.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

The BOREAS ER-2 flight altitudes ranged from 19,000 to 20,000-m Above Ground Level (AGL).

Generally, one camera acquired photographs using a 304.89-mm focal-length lens, which resulted in

photography at scales ranging from 1:62,000 to 1:65,000. The following are the various lens, film,

filter, and exposure combinations used:

Camera Focal Length Film Filter F Stop

RC-10 076 304.89 mm Aerochrome IR SO-060 Wratten 12 ii

RC-10 034 304.66 mm Aerochrome IR SO-060 Wratten 12 8

The Wild-Heerbrug RC-10 is a metric mapping camera equipped with a shutter intervalometer set to

acquire frames with a 60% forward overlap to provide stereo coverage. The RC- 10 film can be used to

produce standard photogrammetric products or scanned to generate digital orthophotos.

Page 3
Lens: 304.44-mm (12-inch) focal length/f4

Film Format: 240-mm (9.5-inch) 9-inch x 9-inch image

Film Type: Kodak SO-060 Aerochrome IR

Filtration: Kodak Wratten 12

Spectral Range: 510-900 nm

Shutter Speed: 1/200

Ground Coverage: 15 km x 15 km from ER-2 altitude of

19.8 km/65,000 ft

Scale: 1:65,000

Resolution: 1.5-4 m (nominal)

area

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Wild-Heerbrug

4.2 Calibration

The RC-10 cameras are regularly calibrated by the Optical Science Laboratory of the U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS) in Reston, VA.

4.2.1 Specifications

The wavelength ranges (in micrometers) of film/filter combinations used are:

Film Filter

Effective

Wavelength

Aerochrome IR SO-060 Wratten 12 0.510-0.900 mm

DESIGN DATA:

Camera RC-10 076

F-Stop ii

Lens focal length 30.489 cm

Camera RC-10 034

F-Stop 8

Lens focal length 30.466 cm

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

The RC-l0 cameras are regularly calibrated by the Optical Science Laboratory of the USGS in

Reston, VA.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None given.

Page 4
5. Data Acquisition Methods

As part of the BOREAS Staff Science data collection effort, the ARC High Altitude Aircraft Branch

collected and processed color-IR aerial photography to BOREAS level-0 products. The various camera

systems were flown on NASA's ER-2 aircraft during the BOREAS mission (see the BOREAS

Experiment Plan for flight pattern details and objectives). Maintenance and operation of the cameras are

the responsibility of ARC. The ER-2 Experimenter's Handbook (supplemental) produced by the High

Altitude Aircraft Branch at ARC provides a description of the systems, calibration procedures, and

format.

6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

Flight summary reports are available.

6. Observations

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

The BOREAS level-0 photographic images cover portions of the Southern Study Area (SSA) and

the Northern Study Area (NSA). A few photographs were acquired for the transect area between the

SSA and the NSA. The SSA and the NSA are located in the southwest and northeast portions of the

overall BOREAS region.

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) corner coordinates of the SSA are:

Latitude Longitude

Northwest 54.321 N 106.228 W

Northeast 54.225 N 104.237 W

Southwest 53.515 N 106.321 W

Southeast 53.420 N 104.368 W

The NAD83 corner coordinates of the NSA are:

Latitude Longitude

Northwest 56.249 N 98.825 W

Northeast 56.083 N 97.234 W

Southwest 55.542 N 99.045 W

Southeast 55.379 N 97.489 W

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

Page 5
7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

The BOREAS ER-2 flight altitudes ranged from 19,000 to 20,000-m AGL. Generally, one camera

acquired photographs using a 304.8-mm focal-length lens, which resulted in photography at scales

ranging from 1:62,000 to 1:65,000. The ground resolution is nominally 1.5-4 m.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The photographs were collected during BOREAS' Intensive Field Campaigns (IFCs) and the

Focused Field Campaign-Thaw (FFC-T), covering the periods of 12-Apr-1994 through 19-Sep-1994

and 07-Mar- 1996 and 14-Aug- 1996.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not available.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Images were acquired at the following range of dates for each campaign.

Dates

12-Apr-1994 --

24-May-1994 --

19-Jui-1994 --

30-Aug-1994 --

07-Mar-1996

14-Aug-1996

02-May-1994

16-Jun-1994

08-Aug-1994

19-Sep-1994

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The actual photographs are color-IR transparencies. The parameters contained in the inventory

listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

ER2 START LATITUDE

ER2 START LONGITUDE

ER2 END LATITUDE

ER2 END LONGITUDE

ER2 MISSION ID

ER2 START PT

ER2 END PT

PLATFORM TRACKING

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

Page 6
SENSOR ID

FOCAL LENGTH

FILM TYPE

START FRAME NUM

END FRAME NUM

CLOUD COVER

PHOTO QUALITY

COMMENTS

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The actual photographs are analog pictures captured on transparency film depicting the ground area

below the ER-2 aircraft in color-IR. The descriptions of the parameters contained in the inventory

listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

ER2 START LATITUDE

ER2 START LONGITUDE

ER2 END LATITUDE

ER2 END LONGITUDE

ER2 MISSION ID

ER2 START PT

ER2 END PT

PLATFORM TRACKING

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

SENSOR ID

FOCAL LENGTH

The general term used to denote the spatial area

over which the data were collected.

The date on which the data were collected.

The starting Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for the

data collected.

The ending Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for the

data collected.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate at the start

of an ER2 flight line as given in the flight

summary reports.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate at the

start of an ER2 flight line as given in the flight

summary reports.

The NAD83 based latitude coordinate at the end

of an ER2 flight line as given in the flight

summary reports.

The NAD83 based longitude coordinate at the end

of an ER2 flight line as given in the flight

summary reports.

The mission identifier assigned to the ER2

mission in the form of YY-DDD where YY is the last

two digits of the fiscal year, and DDD is the

deployment number. An example would be 94-120.

The identifier assigned to the starting point of

the BOREAS ER2 flight line.

The identifier assigned to the ending point of

the BOREAS ER2 flight line.

The azimuthal direction in which the data

collection platform was traveling while collecting

the data; expressed as degrees clockwise from

North.

The nominal altitude of the data collection

platform above the target.

The identifier given to the sensor/instrument

that collected the data.

The focal length of the lens that was mounted on

the camera during the time that the photography

was acquired.

Page 7
FILM TYPE

START FRAME NUM

END FRAME NUM

CLOUD COVER

PHOTO QUALITY

COMMENTS

The type of photographic film that was used to

acquire the imagery. An example is AEROCHROME MS

2448.

The starting frame number for this line and run

of the flight.

The ending frame number for this line and run of

the flight.

The data analyst's assessment of the cloud cover

that exists in the data.

The provided or assessed quality of the

photograph(s).

Descriptive information to clarify or enhance

the understanding of the other entered data

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

There is no unit of measurement for the photographs. The measurement units for the parameters

contained in the inventory listing file on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SPATIAL COVERAGE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

START TIME [HHMM GMT]

END TIME [HHMM GMT]

ER2 START LATITUDE [degrees]

ER2 START LONGITUDE [degrees]

ER2 END LATITUDE [degrees]

ER2 END LONGITUDE [degrees]

ER2 MISSION ID [none]

ER2 START PT [none]

ER2 END PT [none]

PLATFORM TRACKING [degrees]

PLATFORM ALTITUDE [meters]

SENSOR ID [none]

FOCAL LENGTH [millimeters]

FILM TYPE [none]

START FRAME NUM [unitless]

END FRAME NUM [unitless]

CLOUD COVER [none]

PHOTO QUALITY [none]

COMMENTS [none]

7.3.4 Data Source

NASA ARC Aircraft Data and Sensor Facilities RC-l0 aerial mapping cameras are the source of the

photography. The source of the parameter values contained in the inventory listing file on the

CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SPATIAL COVERAGE

DATE OBS

START TIME

END TIME

ER2 START LATITUDE

[Assigned by BORIS staff from spatial information]

[Extracted from flight summary report]

[Extracted from flight summary report]

[Extracted from flight summary report]

[Extracted from flight summary report]

Page 8
ER2 START LONGITUDE

ER2 END LATITUDE

ER2 END LONGITUDE

ER2 MISSION ID

ER2 START PT

ER2 END PT

PLATFORM TRACKING

PLATFORM ALTITUDE

SENSOR ID

FOCAL LENGTH

FILM TYPE

START FRAME NUM

END FRAME NUM

CLOUD COVER

PHOTO QUALITY

COMMENTS

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

[Extracted from flic

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

ht summary report]

[Derived from review of film rolls]

[Derived from review of film rolls]

[Extracted from flight summary report]

[Extracted from flight summary report]

[Extracted from flight summary report]

7.3.5 Data Range

There is no data range information for the aerial photographs. The following table gives information

about the parameter values found in the inventory table on the CD-ROM.

Column Name

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SPATIAL COVERAGE N/A N/A None None None None

DATE OBS 19-APR-94 14-AUG-96 None None None None

START TIME 1524 2043 None None None None

END TIME 1528 2045 None None None None

ER2 START LATITUDE 52.99333 56.12833 None None None None

ER2 START LONGITUDE -106.5833 -97.54167 None None None None

ER2 END LATITUDE 43.91667 56.10167 None None None None

ER2 END LONGITUDE -106.8033 -97.75667 None None None None

ER2 MISSION ID 94-079 96-161 None None None None

ER2 START PT 1 Y None None None None

ER2 END PT 2 Z None None None None

PLATFORM TRACKING 0 359 None None None None

PLATFORM ALTITUDE 16762 20147 None None None None

SENSOR ID N/A N/A None None None None

FOCAL LENGTH 304.66 304.89 None None None None

FILM TYPE N/A N/A None None None None

START FRAME NUM 103 6846 None None None None

END FRAME NUM 108 6851 None None None None

CLOUD COVER N/A N/A None None None Blank

PHOTO QUALITY N/A N/A None None None None

COMMENTS N/A N/A None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

Page 9
Below Detect Limit

Data Not Cllctd

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

Sample data records are not applicable to the aerial photographs.The following are wrapped

versions of the first few records from the level-0 ER-2 Photography inventory table on the CD-ROM:

DATE OBS,SPATIAL COVERAGE,START TIME,END TIME,ER2 START LATITUDE,

ER2 START LONGITUDE,ER2 END LATITUDE,ER2 END LONGITUDE,ER2 MISSION ID,

ER2 START PT,ER2 END PT,PLATFORM TRACKING,PLATFORM ALTITUDE,SENSOR ID,

FOCAL LENGTH,FILM TYPE,START FRAME NUM, END FRAME NUM, CLOUD COVER, PHOTO QUALITY,

COMMENTS

19-APR-94, 'SSA',Ie01,1804,53.06333,-105.7,53.38333,-105.705, '94-079', 'A', 'B',

359.0,19477.0, 'RCI0-076',304.89, 'AEROCHROME IR SO-060',2785,2791, '', 'GOOD',

'CLEAR'

19-APR-94, 'SSA',IeI0,1818,53.43167,-106.265,54.31167,-106.265, '94-079', 'C', 'D',

0.0,19202.0, 'RCI0-076',304.89, 'AEROCHROME IR SO-060',2792,2809, '', 'GOOD', 'CLEAR'

19-APR-94, 'SSA',I821,1826,54.09167,-106.0733,53.55833,-106.2433, '94-079', 'E', 'F'

,191.0,19080.0, 'RCI0-076',304.89, 'AEROCHROME IR SO-060',2810,2820, '', 'GOOD',

'CLEAR'

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest orderable unit of data for level-0 ER-2 photography is an individual photographic

frame. The frames are attached together on a large roll delivered by ARC to BORIS at GSFC.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The 9-inch x 9-inch (229-mm x 229-mm) photographs from single or multiple flight lines are

attached together on a large roll delivered by ARC to BORIS at GSFC. Review of the film using a light

table is encouraged before ordering copies.

The CD-ROM inventory listing file consists of numerical and character fields of varying length

separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no

spaces between the fields.

Page 10
9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Standard photographic processing of the original negatives to positive transparencies was

performed based on the manufacturer's film developing specifications.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

BORIS staff processed the level-0 ER-2 aerial photography by:

• Reviewing the film on the rolls with the flight logs obtained from ARC to check for

discrepancies in numbers of frames and coverage

• Compiling the information into spreadsheets for loading into the online data base

• Loading the spreadsheet information into data base tables

• Cross-checking the photographic information against data collected by other data systems on

the ER-2 aircraft

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

Not applicable.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

None given.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Ames and BORIS personnel reviewed the film for overall quality by viewing the resultant

photographic images.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

Confidence is high that the photographs do in fact cover the areas that are indicated in the flight

logs and that the film, filter, and lenses shown are the ones that were used.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None.

Page 11
10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

BORIS staff processed the level-0 ER-2 aerial photography by:

• Reviewing the film on the rolls with the flight logs obtained from ARC to check for

discrepancies in numbers of frames and coverage

• Compiling the information into spreadsheets for loading into the online data base

• Loading the spreadsheet information into data base tables

• Cross-checking the photographic information against data collected by other data systems on

the ER-2 aircraft

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

To date, no discrepancies or problems have been noted in the film.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

12. Application of the Data Set

The photography can be used in conjunction with other digital image data as ground truth for various

land cover analyses.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

While reviewing the film and flight logs, BORIS personnel compiled information in Excel

spreadsheet files for use in loading the online data base. The Excel spreadsheet files were then loaded

into the data base with existing Oracle utilities.

14.2 Software Access

Contact Microsoft or Oracle Corporation.

Page 12
15. Data Access

The level-0 ER-2 aerial photography is available from the Earth Observing System Data and

Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive

Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

Not applicable to photographic images.

16.2 Film Products

Color-IR aerial photographs and video records were collected. The video record includes

pilot-to-ground conversations and an audible tone that was initiated each time the digital scanner

systems were triggered. The BOREAS data base contains an inventory of available BOREAS aircraft

flight documentation, such as flight logs and videos.

16.3 Other Products

Although the photograph inventory is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual level-0

ER-2 photographs are not. See Section 15 for information about how to obtain the data.

Page 13
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

Airborne Instrumentation Research Project. Flight Summary Reports for Flight No. 94-079 to 94-143

or April 19, 1994, to September 17, 1994. NASA Ames Research Center, Airborne Missions and

Applications Division, Moffett Field, California. 94035.

NASA. 1990. ER-2 Earth Resources Aircraft Experimenter's Handbook. National Aeronautics and

Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102 (D24): 28,731-28,770.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 14
AGL

AOCI

ARC

ASCII

AVIRIS

BIL

BOREAS

BORIS

CCT

CD-ROM

DAAC

DAT

DN

DTMS

EOS

EOSDIS

FFC-T

fPAR

GIS

GMT

GSFC

IFC

IFOV

I/O

IR

LAI

NAD83

NASA

NIST

NSA

ORNL

PANP

RSS

SRF

SSA

TM

TMS

_m

URL

USGS

19. List of Acronyms

- Above Ground Level

- Airborne Ocean Color Imager

- Ames Research Center

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer

- Band Interleaved by Line

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Computer Compatible Tape

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Digital Archive Tape

- Digital Number

- Daedalus Thematic Mapper Simulator

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Focused Field Campaign - Thaw

- fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Intensive Field Campaign

- Instantaneous Field-of-View

- Input/Output

- Infrared

- Leaf Area Index

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- National Institute of Standards and Technology

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Remote Sensing Science

- Spectral Response Function

- Southern Study Area

- Thematic Mapper

- Thematic Mapper Simulator

- micrometers

- Uniform Resource Locator

- U.S. Geological Survey

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Dates

Written: 02-Aug- 1995

Last Updated: 05-Feb- 1999

20.2 Document Review Dates

BORIS Review: 20-May- 1997

Science Review: 20-May- 1997

Page 15
20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgement as well as citations of

relevent papers in Section 17.2: The BOREAS level-0 ER-2 photography was collected and processed

by personnel at the High Altitude Aircraft Branch at NASA ARC. Their contributions to providing this

data set are greatly appreciated.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 16
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

September 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS Level-0 ER-2 Aerial Photography

6. AUTHOR(S)

Jeffrey A. Newcomer and Roseanne Dominguez

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 85

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

J.A. Newcomer: Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland;

R. Dominguez: ATAC, Inc., NASAAmes Research Center, Moffett Field, California

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

For BOREAS, the ER-2 and other aerial photography was collected to provide finely detailed and

spatially extensive documentation of the condition of the primary study sites. The ER-2 aerial photography consists of color-IR transparencies collected during flights in 1994 and 1996 over the study

areas.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, remote sensing science, ER-2 aerial photography.

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OF REPORT

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16

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