Proposed Accessibility 

Guidelines for Passenger Vessels

 

 

 

 

 

 U N I T E D S T A T E S A C C E S S B O A R D

A FEDERAL AGENCY COMMITTED TO ACCESSIBLE DESIGN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 

Preamble 5

1. Public Participation and Request for Comments 6

2. Executive Summary 7

3. Availability of Proposed Guidelines with Figures and Advisory Sections 9

4. Statutory and Regulatory Background 9

5. Rulemaking History 10

6. Barrier Removal, and Operational and Service Issues Addressed by DOT and DOJ 12

7. Discussion of Proposed Guidelines 12

8. Regulatory Analyses 54

CHAPTER V1: APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION 67

V101 Purpose 67

V102 Dimensions for Adults and Children 67

V103 Equivalent Facilitation 67

V104 Standard Practices 68

V105 Referenced Standards 70

V106 Definitions 70

CHAPTER V2: SCOPING REQUIREMENTS 75

V201 Application 75

V202 Existing Passenger Vessels 76

V203 General Exceptions 77

V204 Protruding Objects 78

V205 Operable Parts 78

V206 Onboard Accessible Routes 78

V207 Accessible Means of Escape 83

V208 Passenger Vessel Boarding Systems 85

V209 [Reserved] 85

V210 Rinsing Showers 85

V211 Drinking Fountains 85

V212 Galleys, Pantries, and Sinks 85

V213 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities 86

V214 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers 87

V215 General Emergency Alarm 88

V216 Signs 88

V217 Telephones 90

V218 Two-Way Communication Systems 91

V219 Assistive Listening Systems 91

V220 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines 92

V221 Assembly Areas 93

V222 Transportation Seating Areas 96

V223 Medical Care Facilities 97

V224 Passenger Guest Rooms 97
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V225 Storage 99

V226 Tables and Counters 100

V227 Sales and Service 100

V228 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, and Mail Boxes 101

V229 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 101

V230 Exercise Machines and Equipment 102

V231 Miniature Golf Facilities 102

V232 Play Areas 103

V233 Saunas and Steam Rooms 104

V234 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas 104

V235 Shooting Facilities 105

V236 Gaming and Arcade Machines 105

V237 Binoculars 105

CHAPTER V3: BUILDING BLOCKS 107

V301 General 107

V302 Deck Surfaces 107

V303 Changes in Level 108

V304 Turning Space 109

V305 Clear Deck Space 110

V306 Knee and Toe Clearance 112

V307 Protruding Objects 114

V308 Reach Ranges 116

V309 Operable Parts 118

CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSENGER BOARDING 

SYSTEMS 121

V401 General 121

V402 Components 121

V403 Walking Surfaces 121

V404 Doors, Doorways, and Gates 123

V405 Ramps 136

V406 Curb Ramps 139

V407 Elevators 140

V408 Limited Use-Limited Application Elevators 150

V409 Platform Lifts 152

V410 Gangways 153

V411 Manually Powered Boarding Lifts 155

CHAPTER V5: GENERAL PASSENGER VESSEL ELEMENTS 157

V501 General 157

V502 Pool Stairs 157

V503 Handrails 158
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CHAPTER V6: PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES 163

V601 General 163

V602 Drinking Fountains 163

V603 Toilet and Bathing Rooms 164

V604 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments (Stalls) 164

V605 Urinals 173

V606 Lavatories and Sinks 174

V607 Bathtubs 175

V608 Shower Compartments and Rinsing Showers 178

V609 Grab Bars 184

V610 Seats 185

V611 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers 188

V612 Saunas and Steam Rooms 188

CHAPTER V7: COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS AND FEATURES 189

V701 General 189

V702 Notification Appliances 189

V703 Signs 189

V704 Telephones 197

V705 Two-Way Communication Systems 199

V706 Assistive Listening Systems 199

V707 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines 200

CHAPTER V8: SPECIAL ROOMS, SPACES, AND ELEMENTS 205

V801 General 205

V802 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats 205

V803 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 209

V804 Galleys and Pantries 210

V805 Medical Care Facilities 212

V806 Passenger Guest Rooms 212

V807 Storage 214

CHAPTER V9: BUILT-IN ELEMENTS 215

V901 General 215

V902 Tables and Counters 215

V903 Benches 216

V904 Sales and Service Counters 217
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CHAPTER V10: RECREATION FACILITIES 221

V1001 General 221

V1002 Exercise Machines and Equipment 221

V1003 Miniature Golf Facilities 221

V1004 Play Areas 222

V1005 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas 226

V1006 Shooting Positions 234

CHAPTER V11: TENDERS 235

V1101 General 235

V1102 Wheelchair Spaces 235

V1103 Onboard Accessible Route 235
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Billing Code 8150-01-P

ARCHITECTURAL AND TRANSPORTATION BARRIERS COMPLIANCE BOARD

36 CFR Part 1196

[Docket No. ATBCB-2013-0003]

RIN 3014-AA11

Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

AGENCY: Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.

ACTION: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.

SUMMARY: We, the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (Access Board), are 

proposing accessibility guidelines for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels covered by 

the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to ensure that the vessels are readily accessible to and usable 

by passengers with disabilities. The guidelines would apply to passenger vessels, other than ferries and 

tenders, permitted to carry more than 150 passengers or more than 49 overnight passengers; ferries 

permitted to carry more than 99 passengers; and tenders permitted to carry more than 59 passengers. 

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) are required to 

issue accessibility standards for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels covered by the 

ADA that are consistent with our guidelines. Passenger vessel owners and operators would not be 

required to comply with the guidelines until they are adopted by DOT and DOJ as accessibility standards 

for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels covered by the ADA. 

DATES: Submit comments by September 23, 2013. A hearing will be held on the proposed guidelines 

on July 10, 2013, from 9:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. To pre-register to testify at the hearing, contact Al Baes 

at (202) 272-0011 (voice), (202) 272-0082 (TTY), or baes@access-board.gov.

ADDRESSES: Submit comments by any of the following methods:

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting 

comments. Regulations.gov ID for this docket is ATBCB-2013-0003.

• E-mail: pvag@access-board.gov. Include docket number ATBCB-2013-0003 in the subject line of the 

message.

• Fax: 202-272-0081. 

• Mail or Hand Delivery/Courier: Paul Beatty, Access Board, 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 1000, 

Washington, DC 20004-1111. 

All comments received, including any personal information provided, will be posted without change to 

http://www.regulations.gov and are available for public viewing. 
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The hearing will be held in the Access Board Conference Room, 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 800, 

Washington, DC 20004. Witnesses can testify in person or by telephone. Call-in information and a 

communication access real-time translation (CART) web streaming link will be posted on the Access 

Board’s Passenger Vessels homepage at http://www.access-board.gov/pvag/. The hearing will be 

accessible to persons with disabilities. An assistive listening system, communication access real-time 

translation (in-person and streaming), sign language interpreters, and a call-in number will be provided. 

Persons attending the meetings are requested to refrain from using perfume, cologne, and other 

fragrances for the comfort of other participants (see www.access-board.gov/about/policies/fragrance.htm 

for more information).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul Beatty, Access Board, 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 

1000, Washington, DC 20004-1111. Telephone: (202) 272-0012 (voice) or (202) 272-0072 (TTY). Email address: pvag@access-board.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Table of Contents for Preamble

1. Public Participation and Request for Comments

2. Executive Summary

3. Availability of Proposed Guidelines with Figures and Advisory Sections

4. Statutory and Regulatory Background

5. Rulemaking History

6. Barrier Removal, and Operational and Service Issues Addressed by DOT and DOJ

7. Discussion of Proposed Guidelines

8. Regulatory Analyses

In this preamble, “we” and “our” refer to the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board 

(Access Board).1

1. Public Participation and Request for Comments

We encourage all persons interested in the rulemaking to submit comments on the proposed guidelines 

and the questions in the preamble. Instructions for submitting and viewing comments are provided 

above under Addresses. We will consider all the comments and may change the proposed guidelines 

based on the comments.

1. The Access Board is an independent federal agency established by section 502 of the Rehabilitation 

Act. See 29 U.S.C. 792. The Access Board consists of 13 members appointed by the President from 

the public, a majority of which are individuals with disabilities, and the heads of 12 federal agencies or 

their designees whose positions are Executive Level IV or above. The federal agencies are: The 

Departments of Commerce, Defense, Education, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban 

Development, Interior, Justice, Labor, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs; General Services Administration; and United States Postal Service.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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2. Executive Summary

Legal Authority and Purpose

We are required by section 502 of the Rehabilitation Act and section 504 of the Americans with 

Disabilities Act (ADA) to establish and maintain accessibility guidelines for the construction and 

alteration of passenger vessels covered by the ADA to ensure that the vessels are readily accessible to 

and usable by individuals with disabilities. We are issuing proposed accessibility guidelines for the 

construction and alteration of passenger vessels pursuant to this authority to address the discriminatory 

effects of architectural, transportation, and communication barriers encountered by individuals with 

mobility, hearing, and vision disabilities on passenger vessels. For example, the proposed guidelines 

would enable individuals with mobility disabilities to access and use passenger amenities on the vessels, 

such as seating areas, toilet rooms, and guest rooms. 

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) are required to 

issue accessibility standards for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels covered by the 

ADA that are consistent with our guidelines. Passenger vessel owners and operators would not be 

required to comply with the guidelines until they are adopted by DOT and DOJ as accessibility standards 

for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels covered by the ADA. 

Summary of Key Provisions

The proposed guidelines would apply to the construction and alteration of passenger vessels, other than 

ferries and tenders, permitted to carry more than 150 passengers or more than 49 overnight passengers; 

ferries permitted to carry more than 99 passengers; and tenders permitted to carry more than 59 

passengers. The proposed guidelines would not apply to smaller passenger vessels because providing 

accessible features on those vessels present greater challenges due to space constraints and other 

considerations. The proposed guidelines, themselves, would not require existing passenger vessels to 

be made accessible except where altered.

The proposed guidelines contain proposed scoping and technical provisions. The proposed scoping 

provisions specify what passenger vessel features would be required to be accessible. Where multiple 

features of the same type are provided, the proposed scoping provisions specify how many of the 

features would be required to be accessible. The proposed technical provisions specify the design 

criteria for accessible features. The passenger vessel features addressed by the proposed scoping and 

technical provisions include onboard accessible routes connecting passenger decks and passenger 

amenities within decks; accessible means of escape; doorways and coamings; toilet rooms; wheelchair 

spaces in assembly areas and transportation seating areas; assistive listening systems; general 

emergency alarms; guest rooms; and other passenger amenities. 

The most significant provisions in the proposed guidelines include the following:

• An elevator, or on certain passenger vessels a limited use-limited application elevator (LULA) or 

platform lift, would be required to connect passenger decks, unless one of ten proposed exceptions 

apply. The proposed provision would enable passengers with mobility disabilities to access and use 
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the passenger amenities on the vessels. For new vessels, we estimate an elevator to cost $371,000; 

a LULA to cost $297,400; and a platform lift to cost $108,700.

• A minimum number of guest rooms with mobility features would be required on cruise ships. Cruise 

ships with 501 to 1,000 guest rooms would be required to provide a minimum of 3 percent of guest 

rooms with mobility features. Cruise ships with more than 1,000 guest rooms would be required to 

provide a minimum of 30 guest rooms with mobility features for the first 1,000 guest rooms (3 

percent), plus 2 guest rooms with mobility features for each additional 100 guest rooms or fraction 

thereof over 1,000 (2 percent). The minimum number is consistent with data on the percentage of 

the population who use mobility devices. The proposed provision would enable passengers who use 

wheelchairs, scooters, or other mobility devices to access and use the guest rooms. We estimate 

the proposed provision would result in a gross revenue loss annualized over 20 years of $50 million 

discounted at 7 percent, and $58 million discounted at 3 percent for new cruise ships permitted to 

carry 300 or more overnight passengers.

Summary of Costs and Benefits 

The primary estimates of the costs and benefits of the proposed guidelines are shown in Table 1. We 

estimate the total compliance costs of the proposed guidelines annualized over 20 years are $66 million 

discounted at 7 percent, and $74 million discounted at 3 percent. We do not quantify the benefits of the 

proposed guidelines due to the nature of the benefits. The proposed guidelines would address the 

discriminatory effects of architectural, transportation, and communication barriers encountered by 

individuals with mobility, hearing, and vision disabilities on passenger vessels. The proposed guidelines 

would afford these individuals equal opportunity to travel on passenger vessels for employment, 

transportation, public accommodation, and leisure. The proposed guidelines would enable these 

individuals to achieve greater participation in society, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency. 

The benefits are difficult to quantify, but include important national values recognized in Executive Order 

13563 such as equity, human dignity, and fairness. 

Table 1. Primary Estimates of Costs and Benefits of Proposed Guidelines

7% Discount Rate 3% Discount Rate

Costs $66 million $74 million

Benefits The proposed guidelines would address the discriminatory effects 

of architectural, transportation, and communication barriers 

encountered by individuals with mobility, hearing, and vision 

disabilities on passenger vessels. The proposed guidelines would 

afford these individuals equal opportunity to travel on passenger 

vessels for employment, transportation, public accommodation, 

and leisure. The benefits are difficult to quantify, but include 

important national values recognized in Executive Order 13563 

such as equity, human dignity, and fairness.

 

Annualized Over 20 Years (2011 Dollars)
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3. Availability of Proposed Guidelines with Figures and Advisory Sections

The proposed guidelines would be codified as an appendix to 36 CFR part 1196. The proposed 

guidelines with figures and advisory sections are available at: http://www.access-board.gov/pvag/ and http://

www.regulations.gov. The figures illustrate the technical provisions and do not establish mandatory 

requirements except for symbols. The proposed guidelines would require the use of symbols to identify 

elevator control buttons, the International Symbol of Accessibility, the International Symbol of TTY, and 

the International Symbol for Access to Hearing Loss. Since use of these symbols would be mandatory, 

the figures displaying the symbols are included in the proposed guidelines. The advisory sections 

provide guidance and are not mandatory requirements. However, some advisory sections reference 

related mandatory requirements to alert readers about those requirements. 

Question 1. Can the figures be improved to better illustrate the technical provisions? Can the advisory 

sections be improved to provide better guidance?

4. Statutory and Regulatory Background 

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against 

individuals with disabilities. See 42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq. Title II of the ADA applies to state and local 

governments and Title III of the ADA applies to places of public accommodation operated by private 

entities.2 The ADA covers designated public transportation services provided by state and local 

governments and specified public transportation services provided by private entities that are primarily 

engaged in the business of transporting people and whose operations affect commerce.3 See 42 U.S.C. 

12141 to 12147 and 12184. Passenger vessels that provide designated public transportation services 

and specified public transportation services such as ferries and excursion vessels, and passenger 

vessels that are places of public accommodation such as vessels that provide dinner or sightseeing 

cruises are covered by the ADA. 

We are required by section 502 of the Rehabilitation Act and section 504 of the ADA to establish and 

maintain accessibility guidelines for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels covered by the 

ADA to ensure that the vessels are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities. See 

29 U.S.C. 792 (b) (3) and 42 U.S.C. 12204.

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is responsible for issuing regulations to implement the 

transportation provisions of Titles II and III of the ADA. See 42 U.S.C. 12149 and 12186 (a). DOT has 

issued regulations for passenger vessels used to provide designated public transportation services by 

state and local governments and specified public transportation services by private entities that are 

2. Title III of the ADA covers twelve categories of places of public accommodation, including places of 

lodging, establishments serving food or drink, and places of exhibition or entertainment. See 42 U.S.C. 

12181 (7).

3. The definitions of the terms designated public transportation and specified public transportation are 

similar and mean transportation by bus, rail, or any other conveyance that provides the general public 

with general or special service, including charter service, on a regular and continuing basis. See 42 

U.S.C. 12141 (2) and 12181 (10).
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primarily engaged in the business of transporting people and whose operations affect commerce. See 

49 CFR part 39. 

The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) is responsible for issuing regulations to implement the other 

provisions of Titles II and III of the ADA. See 42 U.S.C. 12134 and 12186 (b). DOJ has issued 

regulations for state and local governments and places of public accommodation operated by private 

entities, including public accommodations provided on passenger vessels such as cruise ships, gaming 

vessels, and dinner vessels. See 28 CFR parts 35 and 36. 

Titles II and III of the ADA require DOT and DOJ to issue accessibility standards for the construction and 

alteration of passenger vessels covered by the law that are consistent with our guidelines. See 42 

U.S.C. 12134 (c), 12149 (b), and 12186 (c). DOT has reserved a subpart in its regulations for 

accessibility standards for passenger vessels in anticipation of these proposed guidelines. See 49 CFR 

part 39, subpart E. Passenger vessel owners and operators would not be required to comply with the 

guidelines until they are adopted by DOT and DOJ as accessibility standards for the construction and 

alteration of passenger vessels covered by the ADA. 

5. Rulemaking History

We have developed and maintained accessibility guidelines for landside facilities for over 30 years. The 

guidelines for landside facilities represent the state-of-the-art for accessible design. We worked with 

passenger vessel owners and operators, the disability community, and other interested parties over the 

past 15 years to address the unique constraints of the marine environment and adapt the guidelines for 

landside facilities to passenger vessels. 

Passenger Vessel Access Advisory Committee

In 1998, we convened a Passenger Vessel Access Advisory Committee comprised of passenger vessel 

owners and operators, industry trade groups, disability advocacy groups, and state and local 

government agencies to recommend how to adapt the guidelines for landside facilities to passenger 

vessels. The advisory committee submitted a report with recommended guidelines in 2000. 

2004 Draft Guidelines and ANPRM 

Based on the advisory committee’s report, we developed draft guidelines for passenger vessels 

permitted to carry more than 150 passengers or more than 49 overnight passengers. In 2004, we 

released the draft guidelines for comment and issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking 

(ANPRM) on small passenger vessels permitted to carry 150 or fewer passengers or 49 or fewer 

overnight passengers. See 69 FR 69244 and 69245, November 26, 2004. The ANPRM requested 

comment on whether and how to develop accessibility guidelines for small passenger vessels. We held 

hearings in Washington, DC and Los Angeles on the 2004 draft guidelines and the ANPRM, and 

received more than 90 comments. 
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2006 Draft Guidelines 

Based on the comments on the 2004 draft guidelines and ANPRM, we revised the draft guidelines in 

2006 to cover all ferries; other passenger vessels permitted to carry more than 150 passengers or 49 

overnight passengers; and tenders permitted to carry more than 59 passengers. We released the 2006 

draft guidelines for comment. See 71 FR 38563, July 7, 2006. We received more than 175 comments 

on the 2006 draft guidelines.

Case Studies

Between 2005 and 2008, we conducted case studies of ten passenger vessels to identify the impact of 

the draft guidelines on the vessels. We worked with vessel owners and operators, naval architects, and 

ship builders to review the original designs of the vessels and to identify design changes that would be 

needed to meet the draft guidelines. The naval architects and ship builders estimated the cost of the 

design changes, and considered the impact of the design changes on the passenger vessel’s space, fuel 

consumption, and stability. We prepared reports on the case studies. We updated the case study 

reports to reflect changes to the proposed guidelines from earlier drafts and to adjust the cost estimates 

to 2011 dollars.

Passenger Vessel Emergency Alarms Advisory Committee

Comments on the 2006 draft guidelines raised issues about emergency alarm systems on passenger 

vessels alerting passengers who are deaf or have a hearing loss. We convened a Passenger Vessel 

Emergency Alarms Advisory Committee in 2007 comprised of passenger vessel owners and operators, 

industry trade groups, organizations representing individuals who are deaf or have a hearing loss, and 

standard setting organizations to address the comments. The advisory committee submitted a report 

with its recommendations in 2008. The advisory committee recommended that general emergency 

alarm systems include visible elements to alert passengers who are deaf or have a hearing loss, and 

recommended safeguards against triggering photosensitive seizures in individuals with epilepsy. The 

advisory committee recommended that the visible elements on U.S. flag vessels comply with the NFPA 

72 National Fire Alarm Code. The advisory committee recommended that the U.S. Coast Guard work 

with the International Maritime Organization to develop guidelines for including visible elements in 

general emergency alarm systems on foreign flag vessels. The International Maritime Organization 

approved non-mandatory guidelines for including visible elements in general emergency alarm systems 

in 2012.4

The advisory committee recommended that portable devices be permitted in guest rooms, and that the 

Cruise Lines International Association develop guidelines to ensure that portable devices would be 

effective and reliable in alerting and awakening passengers who are deaf or have a hearing loss when 

general emergency alarms and guest room smoke detector alarms are activated. The Cruise Lines 

International Association convened a group to develop guidelines for portable devices but, after the 

group met, it concluded that it did not have the expertise for the task. The advisory committee also 

4. International Maritime Organization, Guidelines for the Design and Installation of a Visible Element to 

the General Emergency Alarm System on Passenger Ships, MSC.1/Circ.1418, June 13, 2012 at: http://

www.imo.org/OurWork/Circulars/Pages/IMODOCS.aspx. 
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recommended that assistive listening systems and visual displays be used to communicate safety 

briefings and emergency instructions to passengers who are deaf or have a hearing loss.

2008 Draft Guidelines

Based on the comments on the 2006 draft guidelines and the case studies, we revised the draft 

guidelines in 2008. The 2008 draft guidelines covered ferries permitted to carry more than 99 

passengers; other passenger vessels permitted to carry more than 150 passengers or more than 49 

overnight passengers; and tenders permitted to carry more than 59 passengers. 

The advisory committee reports, ANPRM, earlier drafts of the guidelines, comments on the ANPRM and 

earlier drafts of the guidelines, updated case study reports, and other background information on the 

proposed guidelines are available at: http://www.access-board.gov/pvag/. We used all this information 

to develop the proposed guidelines.

6. Barrier Removal, and Operational and Service Issues Addressed by DOT and DOJ

Comments on earlier drafts of the guidelines were concerned about the impact of the guidelines on 

barrier removal in existing passenger vessels. The ADA requires private entities to remove architectural, 

communication, and transportation barriers in existing facilities where it is readily achievable. See 42 

U.S.C. 12182 (b) (2) (A) (iv). The ADA defines readily achievable as easily accomplishable and able to 

be carried out without much difficulty or expense, and includes factors for determining whether an action 

is readily achievable. See 42 U.S.C. 12181 (9). DOJ has issued regulations on barrier removal in public 

accommodations that apply to public accommodations on passenger vessels. See 28 CFR 36.304. The 

passenger vessels accessibility guidelines are not required to be used for barrier removal until DOJ 

adopts them as accessibility standards for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels. When 

DOJ issues accessibility standards for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels, it will 

address the application of the passenger vessels standards to barrier removal. 

Comments on earlier drafts of the guidelines also noted operational and service issues that affect 

accessibility, including passageways blocked by luggage or housekeeping carts; need for real time 

captioning of announcements; and access to shore excursions offered by cruise ships. DOT and DOJ 

are responsible for issuing regulations pertaining to operational and service issues. DOT and DOJ have 

issued regulations addressing maintenance of accessible features (28 CFR 35.133 and 36.211), and 

auxiliary aids and services to ensure effective communication (28 CFR 35.160 and 36.303; and 49 CFR 

39.51 and 39.89).

7. Discussion of Proposed Guidelines

The proposed guidelines consist of 11 chapters. Chapter V 1 addresses the application and 

administration of the proposed guidelines. Chapter V 2 contains proposed scoping provisions. Chapters 

V 3 through V 10 contain proposed technical provisions. Chapter V 11 contains proposed scoping and 

technical provisions for tenders. 

We are committed to writing guidelines that are clear, concise, and easy to understand so that persons 

who use the guidelines know what is required. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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Question 2. Is there language in the proposed guidelines that is ambiguous or not clear? Comments 

should identify specific language in the proposed guidelines that is ambiguous or not clear and, where 

possible, recommend language that is clear.

The proposed guidelines use mandatory language (i.e., shall) so DOT and DOJ can adopt the guidelines 

as accessibility standards. Passenger vessel owners and operators would not be required to comply 

with the guidelines until they are adopted by DOT and DOJ as accessibility standards for the 

construction and alteration of passenger vessels covered by the ADA. 

We tried to avoid conflicts with mandatory requirements of foreign nations for foreign flag vessels. The 

DOT regulations establish a procedure for requesting a waiver where a mandatory requirement of a 

foreign nation precludes compliance with a requirement in the DOT regulations. See 49 CFR 39.9. 

When DOT issues accessibility standards for the new construction and alteration of passenger vessels 

subject to its jurisdiction, owners and operators of foreign flag vessels can use the procedure in the DOT 

regulations to request a waiver where a mandatory requirement of a foreign nation precludes 

compliance with a provision in the accessibility standards.

Chapter V 1: Application and Administration

V101 Purpose

The proposed guidelines contain proposed scoping and technical provisions to ensure that passenger 

vessels are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities. The proposed scoping and 

technical provisions are to be applied during the design, construction, additions to, and alteration of 

passenger vessels to the extent required by regulations issued by DOT and DOJ under the ADA. 

V102 Dimensions for Adults and Children

The proposed guidelines are based on adult dimensions and anthropometrics. The proposed guidelines 

include proposed technical provisions based on children’s dimensions and anthropometrics for drinking 

fountains, water closets, toilet compartments, lavatories and sinks, and tables and counters. 

V103 Equivalent Facilitation

The use of alternative designs or technologies that result in substantially equivalent or greater 

accessibility than specified in the proposed guidelines would be permitted.

V104 Standard Practices

Dimensions that are not stated as maximum or minimum would be absolute. Absolute dimensions would 

be subject to conventional industry tolerances. Slopes would be measured when the passenger vessel 

is in a static design condition at full load. This section also addresses calculation of percentages.

V105 Referenced Standards

This section lists standards that are referenced in the proposed guidelines and where the standards can 

be obtained. The proposed guidelines would require U.S. flag vessels equipped with a general 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

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emergency alarm system or smoke alarms in guest rooms to provide visible notification appliances 

complying with the NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code in public areas and in guest rooms with 

communication features. The proposed guidelines also would require passenger vessels that provide 

play areas to comply with the ASTM F1292 Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surface 

Systems Under and Around Play Equipment and ASTM F1951 Standard Specification for Determination 

of Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and Around Play Equipment. 

Earlier drafts of the guidelines considered referencing U.S. safety standards for power assisted and 

power operated doors, elevators, platform lifts, and sprinkler systems. Comments from the cruise 

industry noted that foreign flag vessels comply with foreign safety standards that may conflict with U.S. 

safety standards. To avoid conflicts, the proposed guidelines do not reference these U.S. safety 

standards.

V106 Definitions

This section defines terms used in the proposed guidelines. The term administrative authority is used 

throughout the proposed guidelines and is defined in this section.5 For U.S. flag vessels, the 

administrative authority would be the U.S. Coast Guard. For foreign flag vessels, the administrative 

authority would be the entity designated by the foreign nation that adopts or enforces regulations and 

guidelines for the design, construction, or alteration of passenger vessels. The other defined terms are 

discussed under the section where the term is used. Terms not defined in the proposed guidelines, DOT 

and DOJ regulations implementing the ADA, U.S. Coast Guard regulations, or standards referenced in 

the guidelines would be defined by collegiate dictionaries. 

Chapter V 2: Scoping Requirements

Chapter V 2 contains proposed scoping provisions that specify the passenger vessels to which the 

proposed guidelines would apply and what features would be required to comply with the proposed 

technical provisions in Chapters V 3 through V 11. 

V201.1 Scope 

The proposed guidelines would apply to all areas of newly designed and newly constructed passenger 

vessels and altered portions of existing passenger vessels with passenger capacities described below, 

unless a provision in the guidelines would exempt an area or limit the number of features that would be 

required to comply with the guidelines where multiple features of the same type are provided. 

5. The administrative authority is referred to in the following sections: V202.3 Exception 3 (alterations); 

V207.1 (accessible means of escape); V302.3 Exception 2 (openings); V307.4 Exception 2 (vertical 

clearance at doorways with coamings); V404.2.5 Exception (thresholds and coamings); V404.2.7 

Exception 1 (door hardware force); V404.2.9.1 and V404.2.9.2 Exception (door operating force); V503.4 

Exception (handrail height along walking surfaces); V604.5.2 Exception 2 (grab bars at water closets); 

V703.5.6 Exception 2 (mounting height for signs); and V802.1.5 (wheelchair spaces).
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V201.1.1 Large Vessels 

The Passenger Vessel Access Advisory Committee recommended guidelines for passenger vessels 

subject to U.S. Coast Guard regulations in 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapters H and K.6 Subchapter H 

covers passenger vessels that are 100 gross tons or more, and carry more than 12 passengers or are a 

ferry and carry at least 1 passenger.7 See 46 CFR 70.05-1. Subchapter K covers passenger vessels 

that are less than 100 gross tons, and carry more than 150 passengers or more than 49 overnight 

passengers. See 46 CFR 114.110. Because determining the gross tonnage of a passenger vessel is a 

complicated process and many foreign flag vessels are not subject to U.S. Coast Guard regulations, the 

2004 draft guidelines considered covering passenger vessels based on the Subchapter K passenger 

capacity (i.e., carry more than 150 passengers or more than 49 overnight passengers). Comments on 

the 2004 draft guidelines, including comments from the Passenger Vessel Association, supported this 

approach. The proposed guidelines would apply to passenger vessels, other than ferries and tenders, 

permitted to carry more than 150 passengers or more than 49 overnight passengers.8 

As shown in Table 2, we estimate there were 346 multi-purpose vessels such as excursion and dinner 

vessels permitted to carry more than 150 passengers, and 145 cruise ships permitted to carry more than 

49 overnight passengers operating in U.S. ports as of 2010 - 2011. The vessels are listed in Appendices 

I and II to the regulatory assessment, along with the data sources. 

Table 2. Multi-Purpose Vessels Permitted to Carry More Than 150 Passengers & Cruise 

Ships Permitted to Carry More Than 49 Overnight Passengers

Table Operating in U.S. Ports as of 2010 - 2011

Vessel Type Number of Vessels

Multi-Purpose Vessels 3461

Small Cruise Ships (50 to 299 overnight passengers) 321

Large Cruise Ships (300 or more overnight passengers) 1132

Notes:

1. Vessels as of 2010.

2. Vessels as of 2011.

 

We request comment on the proposed scoping provision for large passenger vessels.

Question 3. Should alternative scoping provisions apply to large passenger vessels? Comments should 

explain the basis for recommending alternative scoping provisions for large passenger vessels.

6. The advisory committee recommended different guidelines for smaller passenger vessels subject to 

U.S. Coast Guard regulations in 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapters C and T.

7. Gross tonnage is a measure of a passenger vessel’s volume. See 46 CFR part 69.

8. Separate scoping provisions are proposed for ferries and tenders in V201.1.2 and V201.1.3. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

16

We conducted case studies of two multi-purpose vessels and one small cruise ship to estimate the 

incremental cost to construct the vessels in compliance with the proposed guidelines, and the additional 

annual operation and maintenance costs due to the proposed guidelines. We did not conduct case 

studies of large cruise ships because we could not find cruise ship owners or operators to participate in 

case studies.9 

We present in Table 3 our estimates of the incremental construction costs for the case study vessels, 

which is difference between the cost of constructing the vessels in the absence of the proposed 

guidelines (pre-guidelines construction cost) and the cost of constructing the vessels in compliance with 

the proposed guidelines (post-guidelines construction cost), as a percent increase in construction costs. 

Our estimates of the pre-guidelines construction costs and incremental construction costs for the case 

study vessels are presented in dollars in the case study reports and in Table 7 in the regulatory 

assessment. The construction costs for the case study vessels would increase by 3.2 percent to 9.9 

percent. One case study vessel has two entry decks and currently provides an inclined platform lift to 

connect the two entry decks. The inclined platform lift is included in the pre-guidelines construction cost. 

If the vessel did not provide an inclined platform lift, the construction costs would increase by 5.3 percent 

if an inclined lift is provided, and 8.1 percent if a vertical platform lift is provided. One case study vessel 

would have a 5 percent to 10 percent annual increase in fuel consumption due to the proposed 

guidelines. 

Table 3. Estimated Compliance Costs for Case Study

Case Study Vessels Percent Increase in 

Construction Costs

Additional Annual Operation & 

Maintenance Costs

300 Passenger Excursion Vessel 3.2%1 Not significant

600 Passenger Dinner Vessel 9.9% 5% to 10% increase in 

fuel consumption

120 Passenger Small Cruise Ship 3.2% Not significant

Note: 1. The vessel has two entry decks and currently provides an inclined platform lift to connect the two entry decks. The 

inclined platform lift is included in the pre-guidelines construction cost. If the vessel did not provide an inclined platform lift, 

the construction costs would increase by 5.3% if an inclined lift is provided, and 8.1% if a vertical platform lift is provided.

V201.1.2 Ferries 

A ferry would be defined in V106.5 as a vessel that is used on a regular schedule to: (1) provide 

transportation only between places that are not more than 300 miles apart; and (2) transport only 

9. New large cruise ships provide many of the accessible features that would be required by the proposed 

guidelines, including elevators to connect passenger decks; guest rooms with mobility features; guest 

rooms with communication features; wheelchair spaces and assistive listening systems in assembly 

areas; and pool lifts. The cruise industry is concerned that the proposed scoping provision for guest 

rooms with mobility features would result in a loss of guest rooms and revenue. We discuss this issue 

under V224.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features.

Multi-Purpose Vessels & Small Cruise Ship
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

17 

passengers, or vehicles or railroad cars used in transporting passengers or goods. This definition is 

based on the definition of a ferry in 46 U.S.C. 2101 (10b). 

Ferries differ from multi-purpose vessels and cruise ships that are used primarily for leisure purposes. 

Ferries serve a critical transportation function. Ferries provide commuter services in major metropolitan 

areas on both coasts, and link roadways and communities separated by bodies of water. Ferries 

transport people to work, school, health care facilities, and other places critical to daily living. Because 

ferries serve a critical transportation function, the 2006 draft guidelines considered covering all ferries 

regardless of passenger capacity. Comments from ferry owners and operators and the Passenger 

Vessel Association did not support this approach because it would be more difficult and costly for small 

ferries to comply with the draft guidelines. Based on the comments, the 2008 draft guidelines 

considered covering ferries permitted to carry more than 99 passengers. 

Like the 2008 draft guidelines, the proposed guidelines would apply to ferries permitted to carry more 

than 99 passengers. The proposed scoping provision for ferries is broader than for multi-purpose 

vessels because ferries serve a critical transportation function. The 2008 National Census of Ferry 

Operators shows that about 700 active ferries provided an estimated 106 million passenger trips in 

2007.10 The ferries operated in 37 states and 3 U.S. territories. We estimate there were 454 ferries 

permitted to carry more than 99 passengers as of 2010. As shown in Table 4, 221 of these ferries are 

permitted to carry between 100 and 150 passengers, and 130 of these ferries are permitted to carry 149 

or 150 passengers.11 The ferries are listed in Appendix I to the regulatory assessment, along with the 

data sources. Applying the same scoping provision proposed for multi-purpose vessels to ferries would 

result in many ferries being inaccessible to individuals with disabilities. 

10. U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of 

Transportation Statistics, 2008 National Census of Ferry Operators Highlights at: http://apps.bts.gov/

programs/ncfo/. 

11. Ferries that carry 150 or fewer passengers are subject to U.S. Coast Guard regulations in 46 CFR 

Chapter I, Subchapter T. Ferries that carry more than 150 passengers or 49 overnight passengers are 

subject to U.S. Coast Guard regulations in 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter K. 

Table 4. Ferries Permitted to Carry Between 100 and 150 Passengers as of 2010

Mono-Hull Ferries

Passenger 

Capacity Multi-Hull Ferries Passengers Only Passengers & Vehicles Total

150 16 27 7 50

149 28 21 31 80

140 - 148 4 21 15 40

130 - 139 0 1 5 6

120 - 129 1 3 2 6
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

18

We request comment on the proposed scoping provision for ferries.

Question 4. Should alternative scoping provisions apply to ferries? Comments should explain the basis 

for recommending alternative scoping provisions for ferries.

We conducted case studies of seven ferries to estimate the incremental construction costs and 

additional annual operation and maintenance costs due to the proposed guidelines. Where the 

proposed guidelines would result in a reduction of passenger or vehicle capacity or a reduction of 

passenger amenities such as fixed seating or storage space provided on the vessel, the case studies 

examined two design options.12 The first design option did not increase the ferry size; the second 

design option increased the ferry size to maintain the passenger and vehicle capacity, and the same 

passenger amenities.13 As shown in Table 5, the construction costs for the case study ferries permitted 

to carry more than 300 passengers would increase by 1.2 percent to 4.2 percent. The construction costs 

for the case study ferries permitted to carry 149 to 150 passengers would increase by less than 1 

percent to 1.8 percent for the first design option (ferry size not increased), and by 6.7 percent to 12.5 

percent for the second design option (ferry size increased). The construction costs for the 108 

passenger multi-hull ferry would increase by 1.1 percent for the first design option (ferry size not 

increased), and 24.5 percent for the second design option (ferry size increased). The construction cost 

increase for the 108 passenger multi-hull ferry is high for the second design option because the ferry 

owner wanted to lengthen the ferry by 10 feet based on the owner’s experience with a larger ferry, 

instead of the 5 feet minimum needed to maintain the ferry’s seating and storage capacity. If the 108 

passenger multi-hull ferry is lengthened by 5 feet, instead of 10 feet, the construction costs would 

increase by 14 percent to 17 percent, instead of 24.5 percent. 

110 - 119 2 3 9 14

100 - 109 2 7 6 15

Total 53 83 75 221

12. The U.S. Coast Guard regulations for passenger vessels subject to 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapters K 

and T base the maximum number of passengers permitted on the vessels on the length of rail criterion, 

deck area criterion, or fixed seating criterion, or a combination of these criteria. See 46 CFR 115.113 

and 176.113.

13. The owners of some of the larger case study ferries were not concerned about the loss of some fixed 

seating due to the proposed guidelines. The case studies of these ferries do not include a second 

design option.

Table 4. Ferries Permitted to Carry Between 100 and 150 Passengers as of 2010

Mono-Hull Ferries

Passenger 

Capacity Multi-Hull Ferries Passengers Only Passengers & Vehicles Total
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

19 

Table 5. Estimated Compliance Costs for Case Study Ferries

Case Study Ferry Percent Increase in Construction 

Costs

Additional Annual Operation & 

Maintenance Costs

108 Passenger Multi-Hull Ferry

Design Option 1: Ferry Size Not Increased

1.1%; 6 to 8 seats and storage 

lost; revenue loss not estimated 

None

Design Option 2: Ferry Size Increased

24.5%1; No seats or storage lost 18% increase in fuel 

consumption

149 Passenger Multi-Hull Ferry

Design Option 1: Ferry Size Not Increased

1.8%; 7 seats lost; Annual 

revenue loss: $134,500

None

Design Option 2: Ferry Size Increased

12.5%; 

No seats lost

3% to 6.6% increase in fuel 

consumption

150 Passenger & 20 Vehicle 

Mono-Hull Ferry

Design Option 1: Ferry Size Not Increased

Less than 1%; One vehicle space 

lost; Annual revenue loss: 

$51,000 to $86,000

None

Design Option 2: Ferry Size Increased

6.7%; No vehicle space lost Not significant

300 Passenger & 40 Vehicle 

Mono-Hull Ferry

3.0%;

2 to 4 seats lost2

Not significant

399 Passenger Mono-Hull Ferry 2.2%; 10 seats lost2 None

450 Passenger Multi-Hull Ferry

Design Option 1: Ferry Size Not Increased

1.2%; 42 to 59 seats lost; 

Revenue loss not estimated

None

Design Option 2: Ferry Size Increased

4.2%; 

No seats lost

10% increase in fuel 

consumption

4,400 Passenger & 30 Vehicle 

Mono-Hull Ferry

1.3%;

50 seats lost2

$1,100 to $1,300 per 

automatic door
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

20

The proposed provisions for onboard accessible routes, toilet rooms, wheelchair spaces in 

transportation seating areas, and assistive listening systems are estimated to have the highest 

compliance costs for ferries. As discussed under V206 Onboard Accessible Routes, ten exceptions are 

proposed for onboard accessible routes to connect decks, and five of these exceptions are proposed to 

reduce the compliance costs for small vessels and high-speed vessels.

Three of the case study ferries would have an annual increase in fuel consumption due to the proposed 

guidelines under the second design option. One case study ferry would have additional annual 

maintenance costs for providing automatic doors at doorways with coamings and double ramps.

We may conduct additional case studies of ferries permitted to carry between 100 and 150 passengers 

to obtain additional information on the compliance costs for these ferries. Owners and operators of 

ferries that were recently constructed who are interested in participating in a case study are encouraged 

to contact us. Based on review of the comments and any additional case studies, we may specify a 

different passenger capacity in the final guidelines for ferries that are covered by the guidelines or modify 

some of the provisions that would apply to ferries with certain passenger capacities.

Question 5. We request comment on the following questions regarding ferries permitted to carry 

between 100 and 150 passengers: 

(a) Is additional information available for estimating the compliance costs for these ferries, including 

incremental design, construction, operation and maintenance, lost net revenue, and any other costs?

(b) Would owners of these ferries reduce the passenger and vehicle capacity or reduce any 

passenger amenities such as fixed seating when the ferries are replaced due to the proposed 

guidelines, or would owners increase the size of the ferries to maintain the passenger and vehicle 

capacity, and the same passenger amenities? If the passenger and vehicle capacity would be 

reduced or any passenger amenities would be reduced, we are interested in information to estimate 

the cost of such effects. 

(c) Is there information available or methods for estimating the benefits of the proposed guidelines 

for these ferries such as number of new trips by passengers with disabilities or number of trips that 

would result in improved access for passengers with disabilities?

Notes: 1. The ferry owner wanted to lengthen the ferry by 10 feet for second design option based on the 

owner’s experience with a larger ferry, instead of the 5 feet minimum needed to maintain the ferry’s seating and 

storage capacity. If the ferry is lengthened by 5 feet, instead of 10 feet, the construction costs would increase by 

14% to 17%, instead of 24.5%. The annual increase in fuel consumption would also be less if the ferry is 

lengthened by 5 feet, instead of 10 feet. 

2. The case study does include a second design option because the ferry owner was not concerned about the 

loss of some fixed seating. 

Table 5. Estimated Compliance Costs for Case Study Ferries

Case Study Ferry Percent Increase in Construction 

Costs

Additional Annual Operation & 

Maintenance Costs
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

21 

(d) Would the proposed guidelines have any unintended consequences for these ferries such as 

safety or vessel stability issues, slower travel times, docking issues due to increasing the size of the 

vessels, or inconveniences for other passengers such as fewer seats, less standing space, or fewer 

toilet rooms? If so, we are interested in information to estimate the cost of such effects. 

(e) Are there alternative provisions for onboard accessible routes, toilet rooms, wheelchair spaces in 

transportation seating areas, assistive listening systems, or other features addressed by the 

proposed guidelines that would reduce the compliance costs for these ferries? 

V201.1.3 Tenders

A tender would be defined in V106.5 as a vessel primarily intended for transporting passengers for nonemergency purposes between passenger vessels and shore-side facilities. Because it would be difficult 

for inflatable tenders to comply with the proposed guidelines and inflatable tenders do not carry more 

than 59 passengers, the proposed guidelines would apply to tenders permitted to carry more than 59 

passengers. The proposed guidelines would require tenders to comply only with the proposed 

provisions in Chapters V 1 and V 11 because of the limited passenger amenities on tenders. Existing 

tenders that are not altered, including those that serve newly constructed vessels, would not be required 

to comply with the proposed guidelines. We request comment on the proposed scoping provision for 

tenders. 

We do not have data on the number of existing tenders that carry more than 59 passengers. We did not 

conduct a case study of a tender because the proposed provisions for tenders in Chapters V 1 and V 11 

are minimal and new tenders met the provisions.

V202 Existing Passenger Vessels

When additions or alterations are made to existing passenger vessels, this section would require the 

additions or alterations to comply with the proposed provisions for new construction. An addition would 

be defined in V106.5 as an expansion, extension, or increase in the gross deck area of a passenger 

vessel. An alteration would be defined in V106.5 as a change to a passenger vessel that affects or could 

affect the usability of the passenger vessel or portion thereof. Alterations would include, but are not 

limited to, remodeling, renovation, rehabilitation, reconstruction, historic restoration, changes or 

rearrangement of the structural parts or elements, and changes or rearrangement in the plan 

configuration of bulkheads and partitions. The definition would exclude normal maintenance, painting or 

wallpapering, or changes to propulsion, mechanical, and electrical systems unless they affect the 

usability of the passenger vessel. 

Only the portions of a passenger vessel that are altered would be required to comply with the proposed 

provisions for new construction. For example, if a toilet room on a passenger vessel is altered, the 

altered portions of the toilet room would be required to comply with the applicable proposed provisions 

for new construction. Earlier drafts of the proposed guidelines included a provision that would have 

required a path of travel to altered areas containing a primary function. This provision is not included in 

the proposed guidelines because the DOJ regulations require a path of travel to altered areas containing 

a primary function. See 28 CFR 35.151 (b) and 36.403. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

22

Three general exceptions are proposed in this section for alterations to existing passenger vessels. 

Exception 1 would not require an onboard accessible route where elements or spaces are altered but 

the circulation path to the altered elements or spaces is not altered. 

Exception 2 would require alterations to comply with the proposed guidelines to the maximum extent 

feasible where compliance is technically infeasible. Technically infeasible would be defined in V106.5 

with respect to an alteration as something that has little likelihood of being accomplished because 

existing structural conditions would require removing or altering an essential structural member; or 

because other existing physical or vessel constraints prohibit modification or addition of elements, 

spaces, or features that are in full and strict compliance with the guidelines.

Exception 3 would require alterations to provide accessibility to the maximum extent feasible where 

compliance with the proposed guidelines would result in any of the following:

• An increase in tonnage that changes the passenger vessel’s classification from 46 CFR Chapter I, 

Subchapter T (Small Passenger Vessels (Under 100 Gross Tons)) or 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter 

K (Small Passenger Vessels Carrying More Than 150 Passengers or With Overnight 

Accommodations For More Than 49 Passengers) to 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter H (Passenger 

Vessels);14

• A violation of the minimum requirements established by the administrative authority for the stability of 

the vessel;

• A reduction in the structural integrity or fire resistance of a Class A or B bulkhead or deck surface; or 

• An increase in power load in excess of the existing power supply.

Specific exceptions are also proposed in certain proposed provisions for alterations to existing 

passenger vessels, including:

• Platform lifts would be permitted as a component of onboard accessible routes in alterations to 

existing passenger vessels. V206.7 Exception.

• An accessible means of escape would not be required in alterations to existing passenger vessels. 

V207.1 Exception 2.

• A unisex toilet room would be permitted in alterations to existing passenger vessels where it is 

technically infeasible for existing toilet rooms to comply with the proposed guidelines provided the 

unisex toilet room is located in the same area and on the same deck as the existing non-complying 

toilet rooms. V213.2 Exception 2. 

• Visible alarms in public areas would not be required in alterations to existing passenger vessels 

unless an existing alarm system is upgraded or replaced, or a new alarm system installed. V215.1 

Exception 2.

• Thresholds 3/4 inch high maximum would be permitted at doorways without coamings in alterations 

to existing passenger vessels provided the thresholds have a beveled edge on each side with a 

slope not steeper than 1:2. V404.2.5.1 Exception.

14. U.S. Coast Guard regulations in 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter H have different requirements for vessels than the regulations in 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapters T and K. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

23 

• Running slopes not steeper than 1:8 for a maximum rise of 3 inches and not steeper than 1:10 for a 

maximum rise of 6 inches would be permitted in alterations to existing passenger vessels where 

necessary due to space limitations. V405.2 Exception.

• Elevator cars in altered elevators would not be required to comply with the proposed provision for car 

dimensions where the existing elevator car configuration provides a clear deck area 16 square feet 

minimum; an inside clear depth of 54 inches minimum; and an inside clear depth 36 inches 

minimum. V407.4.1 Exception.

• Alternative dimensions are proposed for sales and service counters in alterations to existing 

passenger vessels where compliance with the proposed provisions would result in a reduction of the 

number of existing counters at work stations. V904.4 Exception.

Where the State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory Council on Historic Preservation determines 

that compliance with the proposed provisions for onboard accessible routes or toilet rooms would 

threaten or destroy the historic significance of a qualified historic passenger vessel, exceptions are 

proposed for those features in V206.2.1 Exception 10 and V213.2 Exception 2.

We request comment on the proposed exceptions for alterations to existing passenger.

Question 6. Should additional exceptions be provided for alterations to existing passenger vessels? 

Comments should explain the basis for recommending additional exceptions.

We requested comment on the types and frequency of alterations to existing passenger vessels in 

earlier drafts of the guidelines. The Cruise Lines International Association (formerly International 

Council of Cruise Lines) responded that when a new deck or mid-section is added to an existing cruise 

ship, it may not always be feasible for existing circulation paths on the vessel to comply with the 

proposed provisions for onboard accessible routes. The proposed guidelines would not require existing 

circulation paths that are not otherwise altered to comply with the proposed provisions for onboard 

accessible routes when a new deck or mid-section is added to a cruise ship.

Question 7. How many new decks or mid-sections are added to cruise ships in a year? What features in 

the new decks or mid-sections would need to comply with the proposed guidelines? Comments should 

include information to estimate the compliance costs.

Individual passenger vessel owners and operators responded that alterations generally involve installing 

new motors and pumps; redecorating toilet rooms; and changing chairs and equipment such as the 

beverage dispenser and dish washing machine on a dinner vessel. The Passenger Vessel Association 

responded that passenger vessels generally do not undergo major alterations if there is no change in 

ownership because it would trigger a need to comply with subsequently developed U.S. Coast Guard 

regulations. According to the Passenger Vessels Association, small cosmetic changes are made when 

a passenger vessel is transferred to a new owner in similar service. Small cosmetic changes generally 

would not trigger a need to comply with the proposed guidelines. The Passenger Vessel Association 

noted that if a passenger vessel changes service, more extensive changes may be undertaken. For 

example, if an excursion vessel changes service to a dinner vessel, a galley would be added, passenger 

space lay outs would be changed, bulkheads may be moved, and stairways may be added or relocated. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

24

Question 8. How many passenger vessels change service in a year? What altered features would need 

to comply with the proposed guidelines when passenger vessels change service? Comments should 

include information to estimate the compliance costs.

Question 9. In addition to adding new decks and mid-sections to cruise ships and undertaking 

alterations when passenger vessels change service, what other alterations are undertaken to existing 

passenger vessels that would need to comply with the proposed guidelines? How often are these 

alterations undertaken? We are interested in information to estimate the compliance costs.

V203 General Exceptions 

This section proposes to exempt the following from the proposed guidelines: areas and features 

intended for use by employees only; limited access spaces; water slides; raised diving boards; certain 

diving and swimming platforms; raised boxing and wrestling rings; and furnishings that are not fixed to 

the vessel. Where necessary to meet camber and sheer needs of the passenger vessel, running slopes 

and cross slopes would be required to meet the applicable technical provisions to the maximum extent 

feasible.

V204 Protruding Objects

Protruding objects along circulation paths, including objects mounted on wall surfaces and posts, are 

hazardous to passengers who are blind or have low vision. This section would require protruding 

objects on circulation paths to comply with the proposed technical provisions for protruding objects in 

V307, including protrusion limits (V307.2); required clear width (V307.3); and vertical clearance 

(V307.4). U.S. Coast Guard regulations for passenger vessels subject to 46 CFR Chapter I, 

Subchapters H and K require stairways and stair towers to be clear of all obstructions other than 

handrails. See 46 CFR 72.05-20 and 116.438(e). This section would require stairways and stair towers 

that are required to comply with these U.S. Coast Guard regulations to be clear of all obstructions other 

than handrails to avoid conflicts.

The section would not apply to circulation paths used only by employees since V203.2 would not require 

employee areas to comply with the proposed guidelines. Two exceptions are proposed. Exception 1 

would exempt circulation paths within areas of sport activity. Exception 2 would exempt certain 

circulation paths within play areas. 

V205 Operable Parts

An operable part would be defined in V106.5 as a component of an element used to insert or withdraw 

objects, or to activate, deactivate, or adjust the element. This section would require operable parts on 

accessible elements, on onboard accessible routes, and in accessible rooms and spaces to meet the 

proposed technical provisions in V309, including clear deck space (V309.2); height (V309.3); and 

operation (V309.4). Exceptions are proposed for operable parts used only by employees, certain 

electrical or communication receptacles, HVAC diffusers, redundant controls other than light switches, 

and exercise machines.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

25 

V206 Onboard Accessible Routes

This section contains proposed scoping provisions for onboard accessible routes, which are discussed 

below. 

Onboard Accessible Routes to Connect Passenger Decks 

The proposed scoping provision in V206.2.1 would require at least one onboard accessible route to 

connect each passenger deck and mezzanine on multi-deck passenger vessels. Where a passenger 

vessel has more than one entry deck, the section would require at least one onboard accessible route to 

connect each entry deck. A deck would be defined in V106.5 as a horizontal division of a passenger 

vessel that contains space designed for passenger occupancy and generally corresponds to a story in a 

building. A horizontal division without enclosed space, such as a sun deck, would be considered a deck 

even though it is not provided with a covering. An entry deck would be defined in V106.5 as a deck that 

contains passenger entry and departure points that allow pedestrian passengers to embark or disembark 

a passenger vessel from fixed or floating piers, the land, or tenders in non-emergency situations.

The proposed scoping provision in V206.6 would require an elevator complying with the proposed 

technical provisions in V407 to connect the passenger decks. The proposed scoping provision in V206.6 

would permit a limited use-limited application elevator (LULA) complying with the proposed technical 

provisions in V408 to connect passenger decks on certain passenger vessels. A LULA is a passenger 

elevator that is limited in use and application by size, capacity, speed, and rise. Safety codes limit the 

maximum rise of a LULA to 25 feet.15 A LULA can be used to connect up to three decks. The 

Passenger Vessel Access Advisory Committee recommended that a LULA be permitted to connect 

decks on passenger vessels that are less than 5,000 gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the 

International Convention on the Tonnage Measurement of Ships. The Passenger Vessel Access 

Advisory Committee also recommended that where more than one elevator is provided on passenger 

vessels that are less than 10,000 gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the International 

Convention on the Tonnage Measurement of Ships, that the additional elevators be permitted to be a 

LULA. The proposed guidelines would permit a LULA to connect decks on passenger vessels that are 

less than 10,000 gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the International Convention on the 

Tonnage Measurement of Ships. We assume 85 passenger vessels listed in Appendix I to the regulatory 

assessment, which have 3 passenger decks and are not eligible to use the exceptions discussed below, 

are less than 10,000 gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the International Convention on the 

Tonnage Measurement of Ships, and new vessels that replace these vessels would be permitted to 

provide a LULA to connect the decks. We also assume 12 passenger vessels listed in Appendix I to the 

regulatory assessment, which have 2 passenger decks and would need to provide access to passenger 

amenities that are not located on an entry deck such as transportation seating areas on a vehicle ferry, 

are less than 10,000 gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the International Convention on the 

Tonnage Measurement of Ships, and new vessels that replace these vessels would be permitted to 

provide a LULA to connect the decks.

15. ASME 17.1-2010 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, section 5.2.1.16.5.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

26

Question 10. Are any of the vessels listed in Appendix I to the regulatory assessment that we assume to 

be less than 10,000 gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the International Convention on the 

Tonnage Measurement of Ships and would be permitted to provide a LULA to connect decks actually 

10,000 or more gross tonnage?

Question 11. Should criterion other than gross tonnage be used to determine when passenger vessels 

would be permitted to provide a LULA to connect decks?

The proposed scoping provision in V206.6 also would permit a LULA to be provided in passenger 

vessels eligible to use the exceptions discussed below, and where a platform lift is permitted.

The proposed scoping provision in V206.7 would permit platform lifts complying with the proposed 

technical provisions in V409 to connect decks that are less than 3,000 square feet. Safety codes limit 

the maximum rise of a platform lift to 14 feet.16 The proposed scoping provision in V206.7 also would 

permit platform lifts to connect to decks where vertical clearance constraints on a passenger vessel route 

make use of an elevator infeasible. 

Exceptions for Onboard Accessible Routes to Connect Decks

Ten exceptions are proposed in V206.2.1 for onboard accessible routes to connect decks. Exceptions 1, 

2, and 3 would reduce the compliance costs for small passenger vessels. Exception 1 would not require 

an onboard accessible route to connect the decks on passenger vessels that have only two passenger 

decks unless both decks are entry decks. Exception 2 would not require an onboard accessible route to 

connect decks that are not entry decks where each passenger deck is less than 3,000 square feet. 

Exception 3 would not require an onboard accessible route to connect decks where a passenger vessel 

that is otherwise eligible to use Exceptions 1 or 2 has more than one entry deck and at least one 

designated entry deck: (1) serves each stop used for embarking and disembarking passengers; and (2) 

contains drinking fountains, toilet rooms, transportation seating areas, and guest rooms with mobility 

features, where such amenities are provided on the vessel. 

Exceptions 4 and 5 would reduce the compliance costs for high-speed passenger vessels that cannot 

use Exceptions 1, 2, or 3. Increasing the weight and size of high-speed passenger vessels has a 

significant impact on the fuel consumption on these vessels. A case study of a high-speed passenger 

only ferry with two entry decks showed that adding a platform lift to connect the decks on the vessel and 

providing other accessible features would result in lengthening the vessel by 4 feet and increase the 

vessel’s fuel consumption by 10 percent. The additional fuel costs could inhibit future construction of 

such vessels. 

Exception 4 would not require an onboard accessible route to connect decks on high-speed passenger 

vessels that have only three passenger decks and do not transport vehicles or overnight passengers 

provided that at least one designated entry deck: (1) serves each stop used for embarking and 

disembarking passengers; (2) contains drinking fountains, toilet rooms, transportation seating areas, and 

guest rooms with mobility features, where such amenities are provided on the vessel; and (3) contains at 

least one exterior passenger area that is not covered by other decks, where an uncovered exterior 

16. ASME 17.1-2010 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, section 5.2.1.16.5.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

27 

passenger area is provided on the vessel. Exception 4 would require access to certain passenger 

amenities on the designated entry deck similar to Exception 3 for small passenger vessels. Because 

high-speed passenger vessels eligible to use Exception 4 are typically larger than vessels eligible to use 

Exception 3, Exception 4 also would require the designated entry deck to contain at least one exterior 

passenger area that is not covered by other decks, where an uncovered exterior passenger area is 

provided on the vessel. Where windscreens are provided, this area could be located on the bow of the 

vessel. 

Exception 5 would not require an onboard accessible route to connect to the sun deck on a high-speed 

passenger vessel that does not transport overnight passengers where the sun deck has no enclosed 

passenger spaces and is not an entry deck provided that at least one exterior passenger area that is not 

covered by other decks is provided on an entry deck or a deck connected to an entry deck by an 

onboard accessible route. High-speed vehicle ferries and high-speed passenger only ferries with two 

entry decks that serve different stops used for embarking and disembarking passengers that are not 

eligible to use Exception 4 can use Exception 5 for a sun deck. 

Exceptions 6 and 7 would reduce the compliance costs for vehicle ferries that are designed to 

accommodate vehicles with high clearances. Where a passenger deck, other than an entry deck, is 

divided into two separate segments and no horizontal circulation path is provided between the two 

segments, Exception 6 would require an onboard accessible route to connect to only one segment of the 

divided deck. Where decks containing vehicle parking lanes are designed to be raised and lowered and 

do not provide any other passenger amenities, Exception 7 would not require an onboard accessible 

route to connect to such decks. Although adjustable decks would be exempt from being connected to 

onboard accessible routes, they would count as a passenger deck for purposes of determining the 

number of passenger decks the vessel contains.

Exception 8 would not require an onboard accessible route to connect to decks, other than entry decks, 

that are less than 300 square feet.

Exception 9 would not require an onboard accessible route to connect to decks below the bulkhead 

deck. This exception addresses concerns about down flooding and onboard accessible routes between 

main vertical zones. Passenger spaces typically are not located below the bulkhead deck, and other 

provisions ensure that passenger amenities such as toilet rooms and guest rooms with mobility features 

are located on decks that are connected to an onboard accessible route. 

Exception 10 would apply to alterations to qualified historic passenger vessels and would not require an 

onboard accessible route to connect the decks on such vessels where the State Historic Preservation 

Officer or Advisory Council on Historic Preservation determines that compliance with the provisions for 

onboard accessible routes would threaten or destroy the historic significance of a qualified historic 

passenger vessel. 

We reviewed data on 696 ferries, multi-purpose vessels, and small cruise ships that are expected to 

reach the end of their expected service over a 20 year period and are assumed to be replaced by new 

vessels in the regulatory assessment. The data is summarized in Table 9 of the regulatory assessment. 

We estimate 124 of the new vessels (18%) would be required to provide an elevator, LULA, or platform 

lift to connect decks, and the proposed exceptions would apply to 431 of the new vessels (62%). We 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

28

estimate 62 vessels (9%) currently provide an elevator, LULA, or platform lift, and assume the new 

vessels that replace these vessels would also provide an elevator, LULA, or platform lift in the absence 

of the proposed guidelines. Eleven of these vessels are small cruise ships that would be required to 

provide larger elevators on the new vessels. We estimate the other 79 vessels (11%) have only one 

passenger deck, and assume the new vessels that replace these vessels would not need an elevator, 

LULA, or platform lift. In addition, we estimate 23 small cruise ships would be required to provide a 

platform lift to connect to a tender boarding platform at the stern of the new vessels.

We request comment on the proposed exceptions.

Question 12. Would providing an elevator, LULA, or platform lift on passenger vessels not eligible to 

use the proposed exceptions adversely affect the safety or stability of the vessel?

Question 13. Should additional exceptions be provided for onboard accessible routes to connect 

decks? Comments should explain the basis for recommending additional exceptions.

Elements and Spaces on Decks That Are Not Connected to an Entry Deck by an Onboard Accessible 

Route

The proposed scoping provision in V201.1 would require all areas on newly designed and newly 

constructed passenger vessels to comply with the proposed guidelines. Thus, elements and spaces 

provided on passenger decks that are not connected to an entry deck by an onboard accessible route 

would be required to comply with the proposed guidelines. The proposed scoping provision is based on 

the guidelines for landside facilities. Future additions to landside facilities can result in providing an 

accessible route to stories that were not required to be connected by an accessible route when the 

facility was first constructed. The Passenger Vessel Association noted in comments on earlier drafts of 

the guidelines that future additions to existing passenger vessels are rare. To reduce the compliance 

costs, we are considering an alternative provision for the final guidelines that would require elements 

and spaces provided on passenger decks that are not connected to an entry deck by an onboard 

accessible route to comply only with provisions that meet the needs of individuals with mobility 

disabilities who can use stairs and individuals with hearing and vision disabilities. This would include the 

provisions for protruding objects (V204), operable parts (V205), general emergency alarms (V215), 

signage (V216), and assistive listening systems (V219). We request comment on this alternative 

provision.

Question 14. In addition to the provisions indicated above, what other provisions should apply to 

elements and spaces provided on passenger decks that are not connected by an onboard accessible 

route to an entry deck to meet the needs of individuals with mobility disabilities who can use stairs and 

individuals with hearing and vision disabilities? 

Onboard Accessible Routes Within Decks

The proposed scoping provisions in V206.2.2 through V206.2.9 would require at least one 

onboard accessible route complying with the proposed technical provisions in Chapter V 4 to 

connect to the following: accessible spaces and elements; dining areas; performance areas and 

assembly seating areas; and certain recreation facilities. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

29 

Location

The proposed scoping provision in V206.3 would require onboard accessible routes to coincide with or 

be located in the same area as general passenger circulation paths. Where two interior accessible 

spaces are connected by an interior passenger circulation path, an interior onboard accessible route 

would be required to connect the same spaces. The interior onboard accessible route would be required 

to be not more than 300 feet longer than the shortest interior passenger circulation path connecting the 

two spaces. An exception is proposed that would exempt smaller passenger vessels where the largest 

deck is less than 3,000 square feet. 

The Passenger Vessel Access Advisory Committee recommended the 300 feet distance. The 300 feet 

distance is about twice the distance between main vertical zones required by the U.S. Coast Guard. See 

46 CFR 116.415 (d). We request comment on the 300 feet distance.

Entry and Departure Points

The proposed scoping provision in V206.4 would require each passenger entry and departure point on a 

passenger vessel to be to on an onboard accessible route. Where multiple tender boarding platforms 

are provided, only one platform on each side of the vessel would be required to be on an onboard 

accessible route. 

Doors, Doorways, and Gates

The proposed scoping provision in V206.5 would require at least one door, doorway, or gate provided at 

accessible deck entry and departure points, and at least one door, doorway, or gate serving each 

accessible room or space to comply with the proposed technical provisions for doors, doorways, and 

gates in V404. 

Elevators

The proposed scoping provision for elevators in V206.5 is discussed under Onboard Accessible Routes 

to Connect Passenger Decks. 

Platform Lifts

The proposed scoping provision for platform lifts in V206.7 is discussed under Onboard Accessible 

Routes to Connect Passenger Decks. In addition, platform lifts would be permitted to be a component 

of an onboard accessible route in alterations to existing passenger vessels. Platform lifts also would be 

permitted to provide an onboard accessible route to wheelchair spaces in assembly areas; performance 

areas and speakers’ platforms; levels within passenger guest rooms with mobility features; tender 

boarding platforms; and play components within play areas or soft contained play structures. 

Security Barriers

The proposed scoping provision in V206.8 would require security barriers to not obstruct onboard 

accessible routes or accessible means of escape. Where security barriers incorporate screening 

devices such as metal detectors or fluoroscopes that cannot comply with the proposed provision, an 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

30

exception is proposed that would permit the onboard accessible route to be located adjacent to the 

security barrier. The onboard accessible route would have to permit passengers with disabilities to 

maintain visual contact with their personal items to the same extent provided to other passengers 

passing through the security barrier.

V207 Accessible Means of Escape 

This section would require a passenger vessel to provide an accessible means of escape where the 

administrative authority requires the vessel to have a means of escape. The section would require the 

accessible means of escape to provide a substantially equivalent level of protection from hazards as is 

required by the administrative authority for the means of escape. An accessible means of escape would 

not be required in alterations to existing vessels. 

We propose the following guidance for providing accessible means of escape. Accessible means of 

escape should be independently usable by passengers with disabilities and should be made up of 

onboard accessible route components to the extent possible. However, an accessible means of escape 

may include inaccessible components where passengers with disabilities would be assisted by crew 

members. For example, a stairway or an exit only doorway with coamings may be part of an accessible 

means of escape. If passengers with disabilities would have to wait for crew assistance at or near the 

stairway or doorway, the waiting area should be sufficiently protected from hazards in order to provide 

them a level of protection that is substantially equivalent to the level of protection afforded by the means 

of escape provided for passengers who can use stairs unassisted. Similarly, elevators and platform lifts 

may require crew operation during emergencies. If passengers with disabilities would have to wait at or 

near elevator or platform lift landings, the waiting area should afford them substantially equivalent 

protection. Protected waiting areas would not be needed where another equivalent method of protection 

is provided, such as where passenger vessels are protected by automatic sprinkler systems or areas are 

open to the weather.

Protected waiting areas should be sized to accommodate clear deck spaces complying with the 

proposed technical provisions in V305 based on the occupant load of all accessible spaces to be served 

by the protected waiting area. Protected waiting areas should be equipped with an audible and visible 

two-way communication system for summoning crew assistance. Doors to protected waiting areas 

should be identified by a sign stating “Protected Waiting Area” that includes the International Symbol of 

Accessibility. Signs should be provided in the protected waiting area that provide information on their 

use during emergencies and directions to other accessible means of escape. 

V208 Passenger Vessel Boarding Systems

This section defers to DOT and DOJ to address when accessible passenger boarding systems would be 

required since passenger boarding systems can be provided at landside facilities and involve operational 

issues between the owner or operator of the landside facility and the passenger vessel owner or 

operator that DOT and DOJ are authorized to address. 

Technical provisions for accessible passenger boarding systems are proposed in Chapter V 4, including 

walking surfaces with a running slope not steeper than 1:20 complying with the proposed technical 

provisions in V403; doors and doorways complying with the proposed technical provisions in V404; 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

31 

ramps complying with the proposed technical provisions in V405; elevators complying with the proposed 

technical provisions in V407; limited use-limited application elevators (LULA) complying with the 

proposed technical provisions in V408; platform lifts complying with the proposed technical provisions in 

V409; gangways complying with the proposed technical provisions in V410; and manually powered 

boarding lifts complying with the proposed technical provisions in V411.

V209 [Reserved]

Earlier drafts of the guidelines included a scoping provision for stairs in V209. The proposed guidelines 

do not include a scoping provision for stairs. The sections will be renumbered in the final guidelines. 

V210 Rinsing Showers

This section would apply where rinsing showers are provided for passengers. It does not require rinsing 

showers to be provided. The section would require rinsing showers to comply with the proposed 

technical provisions for rinsing showers in V608, including clear deck space (V608.2.4); shower spray 

unit and water (V608.6); thresholds (V608.7); and enclosures not obstructing controls (V608.8).17 

Where rinsing showers are clustered at a single location, the section would require at least one of the 

rinsing showers to comply with the proposed technical provisions for rinsing showers in V608.

V211 Drinking Fountains

This section would apply where drinking fountains are provided for passengers. It does not require 

drinking fountains to be provided. The section would require a minimum number (one or 50 percent of 

the total number) of drinking fountains provided on a deck to comply with the proposed technical 

provisions in V602 for clear deck space (V602.2); operable parts (V602.3); spout height and location 

(V602.4 and V602.5); and water flow (V602.6). The section also would require a minimum number (one 

or 50 percent of the total number) of drinking fountains provided on a deck to comply with the proposed 

technical provisions in V602 for standing persons (V602.7).

Where drinking fountains are provided for passengers on decks that are not connected by an onboard 

accessible route to an entry deck, the section would require drinking fountains complying with the 

proposed technical provisions in V602 to be provided on an entry deck or on a deck connected to an 

entry deck by an onboard accessible route. This would ensure that the two types of drinking fountain are 

available to passengers with disabilities who cannot use stairs.

V212 Galleys, Pantries, and Sinks

This section would apply where galleys, pantries, and sinks are provided for passengers. It does not 

require these features to be provided. The section would require galleys and pantries to comply with the 

proposed technical provisions in V804 for clearance (V804.2); sinks (V804.3); storage (V804.4); and 

appliances (V804.5). Where sinks are provided, the section would require at least 5 percent, but no 

17. Rinsing showers with transfer type, standard roll-in type, or alternate roll-in type shower compartments 

would be required to comply with the proposed technical provisions for size and clearances for shower 

compartments (V608.2); grab bars (V608.3); and seats (V608.4). 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

32

fewer than one, of each type of sink provided in an accessible room or space to comply with proposed 

technical provisions in V606, including clear deck space (V606.2); height (V606.3); faucets (V606.4); 

and exposed pipes and surfaces (V606.5). Mop or service sinks would not be required to comply with 

this section.

V213 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities

This section would apply where toilet facilities and bathing facilities are provided for passengers. It does 

not require these facilities to be provided. The section would require each toilet room and bathing room 

to comply with the proposed technical provisions in V603, including clearances (V603.2); mirrors 

(V603.3); and coat hooks and shelves (V603.4).18 

Five exceptions are proposed. Exception 1 would apply to alterations of existing passenger vessels. 

Where it is technically infeasible to comply with the proposed technical provisions in V603, existing toilet 

rooms and bathing rooms would be required to comply to the maximum extent feasible, or to provide an 

unisex toilet room or bathing room complying with the proposed technical provisions in V603 in the same 

area and on the same deck as the existing non-complying toilet room or bathing room. 

Exception 2 would apply to alterations to qualified historic passenger vessels and would require no fewer 

than one toilet room for each sex or one unisex toilet room complying with the proposed technical 

provisions in V603 to be provided on the vessel where the State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory 

Council on Historic Preservation determines that compliance with the proposed provisions for toilet 

rooms would threaten or destroy the historic significance of a qualified historic passenger vessel. 

Exception 3 would apply where multiple single user portable toilet or bathing units are clustered at a 

single location. At least 5 percent of the toilet units and bathing units at each cluster would be required 

to comply with the proposed technical provisions in V603.

Exception 4 would apply where multiple single user toilet rooms are clustered at a single location. At 

least 50 percent of the of the single user toilet rooms for each use at each cluster would be required to 

comply with the proposed technical provisions in V603.

Exception 5 would apply to high-speed passenger vessels that do not transport overnight passengers. 

Where multiple single user toilet rooms are clustered at a single location on such vessels, at least 5 

percent of the single user toilet rooms for each use at each cluster would be required to comply with the 

proposed technical provisions in V603. This exception would reduce compliance costs for high-speed 

passenger vessels where weight and vessel size have a significant impact on the vessel’s fuel 

consumption. 

We request comment on the proposed exceptions.

Question 15. Should additional exceptions be provided for toilet rooms? Comments should explain the 

basis for recommending additional exceptions. 

18. Only toilet rooms and bathrooms in passenger guest rooms required to provide mobility features would 

be required to comply with the proposed technical provisions in V603.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

33 

Where toilet rooms are provided for passengers on decks that are not connected by an onboard 

accessible route to an entry deck, the section would require at least one toilet room for each sex or one 

unisex toilet room complying with the proposed technical provisions in V603 to be provided on an entry 

deck or on a deck connected to an entry deck by an onboard accessible route. This would ensure that a 

toilet room is available to passengers with disabilities who cannot use stairs.

The section would require unisex toilet rooms to contain one lavatory and either one water closet or one 

water closet and one urinal; and unisex bathing rooms to contain one lavatory, one water closet, and 

either one shower or one bathtub. Doors to unisex toilet rooms and unisex bathing rooms would be 

required to have privacy latches.

The section would require plumbing fixtures and accessories provided in toilet rooms and bathing rooms 

complying with V603 to comply with the following proposed technical provisions:

• At least one toilet compartment (stall) would be required to comply with the proposed technical 

provisions for wheelchair accessible compartments in V604.8.1. Where six or more toilet 

compartments are provided, or where the combination of urinals and water closets totals six or more 

fixtures, at least one toilet compartment would be required to comply with the proposed technical 

provisions for ambulatory accessible compartments in V604.8.2. The ambulatory accessible 

compartment would be in addition to the wheelchair accessible compartment.

• At least one water closet would be required to comply with the proposed technical provisions for 

water closets in V604.

• Where more than one urinal is provided, at least one urinal would be required to comply with the 

proposed technical provisions for urinals in V605.

• At least one lavatory would be required to comply with the proposed technical provisions for 

lavatories in V606 and would not be allowed to be located in a toilet compartment.

• At least one mirror would be required to comply with the proposed technical provisions for mirrors in 

V603.3.

• At least one bathtub would be required to comply with the proposed technical provisions for bathtubs 

in V607, or at least one shower would be required to comply with the proposed technical provisions 

for showers in V608.

• At least one of each type of coat hook and shelf would be required to comply with the proposed 

technical provisions for coat hooks and shelves in V603.4.

V214 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers

This section would apply where washing machines and clothes dryers are provided for passenger use. 

Where three or fewer washing machines and three or fewer clothes dryers are provided, at least one 

washing machine and one clothes dryer would be required to comply with the proposed technical 

provisions in V611, including clear deck space (V611.2); operable parts (V611.3); and height (V611.4). 

Where more than three washing machines and more than three clothes dryers are provided, at least two 

washing machines and two clothes dryers would be required to comply with the proposed technical 

provisions in V611.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

34

V215 Emergency Alarms

This section would apply where a general alarm system is provided to notify passengers in public areas 

of emergencies. The Passenger Vessel Emergency Alarms Advisory Committee recommended that 

general emergency alarm systems include visible elements to alert passengers who are deaf or have a 

hearing loss. This section would require general emergency alarm systems on U.S. flag vessels to 

provide visible notification appliances complying with the NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code. The 

International Maritime Organization approved non-mandatory guidelines for including visible elements in 

general emergency alarm systems in 201219. For the final guidelines, we are considering requiring 

general emergency alarm systems on foreign flag vessels that operate in U.S. ports to provide visible 

notification appliances in public areas and to reference the International Maritime Organization 

guidelines. We request comment on this proposal.

Question 16. What additional costs would be associated with providing visible notification appliances in 

public areas as part of the general emergency alarm systems on foreign flag vessels that operate in U.S. 

ports?

Two exceptions are proposed. Exception 1 would not require elevators, enclosed platform lifts, enclosed 

stairways, and areas only open to passengers in emergencies to comply with the section. Exception 2 

would not require alterations to existing passenger vessels to comply with the section.

Question 17. Are visible notification appliances effective in open deck areas such as sun decks and 

partially covered deck areas for alerting passengers who are deaf or have a hearing loss of an 

emergency? If not, what alternative systems or devices can be used in these areas to alert passengers 

who are deaf or have a hearing loss of an emergency?

V216 Signs

This section would apply to signs that identify permanent rooms and spaces (V216.2); directional and 

informational signs (V216.3); signs for means of escape (V216.4); signs identifying accessible exterior 

doors where all exterior doors are not accessible (V216.5); signs identifying accessible elevators where 

all elevators are not accessible in alterations to existing passenger vessels (V216.6); signs identifying 

toilet rooms and bathrooms (V216.7); signs for TTYs and wheelchair accessible telephones (V216.8 and 

V216.9); signs for assistive listening systems (V216.10); and signs for accessible check-out counters 

(V216.11). The section would require signs to identify, and in some cases provide direction to, these 

elements and spaces. The section would require the signs to comply with the proposed technical 

provisions for visual characters in V703.5. The section also would require certain signs to comply with 

the proposed technical provisions for raised letters in V703.2; Braille in V703.3; and installation height 

and location in V703.4. 

Comments on earlier drafts of the guidelines recommended that signs indicating the availability of 

assistive listening systems include information about the system. The section would require signs 

19. International Maritime Organization, Guidelines for the Design and Installation of a Visible Element to 

the General Emergency Alarm System on Passenger Ships, MSC.1/Circ.1418, June 13, 2012 at: http://

www.imo.org/OurWork/Circulars/Pages/IMODOCS.aspx. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

35 

indicating the availability of assistive listening systems to also indicate the type of transmitter and 

receiver used. Where passenger vessels have a central passenger service station to distribute receivers 

for assistive listening systems and other effective methods are used to notify passengers about the 

availability, location, and type of transmitter and receiver used, signs would not be required for assistive 

listening systems. 

The section would require directional signs indicating the location of the nearest accessible means of 

escape to be provided at all exit doors, platform lifts, and elevators that serve accessible spaces but are 

not part of an accessible means of escape. An exception is proposed that would not require directional 

signs where platform lifts and elevators are directly accessed from protected stairway landings. 

Comments on earlier drafts of the guidelines noted that these directional signs, which are intended for 

passengers with disabilities who cannot use stairs, may be confusing for other passengers in 

emergencies since the accessible means of escape for passengers with disabilities who cannot use 

stairs may differ from the means of escape for other passengers. For instance, the signs may direct 

passengers with disabilities who cannot use stairs to crew-operated elevators or platform lifts that are not 

intended for use by other passengers.

Question 18. Are there other effective ways to provide information about the location of escape paths to 

passengers with disabilities who cannot use stairs and other passengers in a way that would minimize 

any potential for confusion as to which escape path to use? 

V217 Telephones

Where a public telephone is provided on a deck, this section would require at least one wheelchair 

accessible public telephone complying with the proposed technical provisions in V704.2; and at least 

one public TTY complying with the proposed technical provisions in V704.4 to be provided on the deck. 

The section also would require all public telephones to have volume controls complying with the 

proposed technical provisions in V704.3, and to be hearing aid compatible. 

V218 Two-Way Communication Systems

Where a two-way communication system is used to gain admittance to a passenger vessel or to 

restricted areas within the vessel that are open to passengers, this section would require the system to 

provide both audible and visible signals. The section would not apply to areas intended for use only by 

employees since employees areas would be covered by the proposed exception in V203.2. 

V219 Assistive Listening Systems

Where an audio amplification system is provided in an assembly area or transportation seating area to 

communicate information that is integral to the use of the areas, this section would require an assistive 

listening system to be provided. An assistive listening system would be defined in V106.5 as an 

amplification system utilizing transmitters, receivers, and coupling devices to bypass the acoustical 

space between a sound source and a listener by means of induction loop, radio frequency modulation 

(FM), or infrared equipment. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

36

Comments on earlier drafts of the guidelines recommended that assistive listening systems be provided 

in rooms and spaces that do not have audio amplification systems. Portable assistive listening systems 

can be used in rooms and spaces that do not have audio amplification systems. The proposed 

guidelines do not address portable equipment. However, portable assistive listening systems may be 

used to meet the requirements in the DOJ and DOT regulations on use of auxiliary aids and services to 

ensure effective communication. See 28 CFR 35.160 and 36.303, and 49 CFR 39.51 and 39.89. 

The section does not specify the type of assistive listening system to be provided. Comments on earlier 

drafts of the guidelines noted the benefits of induction loop systems over FM and infrared systems. 

Individuals who wear hearing aids equipped with telecoils do not need a separate receiver with an 

induction loop system.20 Where induction loop systems are provided, individuals who do not use 

hearing aids and individuals who use hearing aids not equipped with telecoils would need a receiver. A 

receiver is also needed with FM and infrared systems. 

The section would require a minimum number of receivers to be provided for assistive listening systems 

in accordance with Table V219.3. The table would reduce the number of receivers as the total seating 

capacity of the assembly areas and transportation seating areas on the passenger vessel increases. 

For example, the table would require assembly areas and transportation seating areas with:

• 500 seats to provide a minimum of 20 receivers (4%);

• 1,000 seats to provide a minimum of 36 receivers (3.6%); and

• 2,000 seats to provide a minimum of 55 receivers (2.75%).

A proposed exception would permit the number of receivers to be based on the maximum number of 

passengers that the passenger vessel is permitted to carry. 

At least 25 percent, but no fewer than two, of the receivers would be required to be hearing aid 

compatible (e.g., neck loops that interface with telecoils in hearing aids). Because induction loop 

systems are compatible with hearing aids equipped with telecoils, a proposed exception would reduce 

the minimum number of receivers by the number that would be required to be hearing aid compatible 

where induction loop systems are provided. For example, an assembly area with 500 seats would be 

required to provide a minimum of 20 receivers, and at least 5 of these receivers would be required to be 

hearing aid compatible. If an induction loop system is provided, the proposed exception would require a 

minimum of 15, instead of 20, receivers since the induction loop system is compatible with hearing aids 

equipped with telecoils.

There are several national surveys that measure hearing loss. The surveys vary in question wording 

and what they measure. Consequently, the data vary. The Survey of Income and Program Participation 

(SIPP) sponsored by the U.S. Census Bureau asks questions about hearing aid use; difficulty hearing a 

normal conversation (even with a hearing aid); and deafness (unable to hear). The SIPP data show 

among persons aged 15 and older 7.6 million (3.1%) had difficulty hearing a normal conversation, 

including 5.6 million (2.3%) used a hearing aid and 1.1 million (0.5%) were deaf.21 The National Health 

and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) sponsored by National Center for Health Statistics asks 

20. A telecoil is a circuit inside the hearing aid that is designed to pick up electromagnetic signals.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

37 

questions about hearing trouble (no trouble, a little, a lot, deaf) and includes audiometric testing of 

participants. The NHANES data show among persons aged 12 and older 30 million (12.7%) had 

bilateral hearing loss and the number increases to 48.1 million (20.3%) when unilateral hearing loss is 

included.22

Where an audio amplification system is provided in public areas to communicate emergency information 

to passengers, such as passenger safety briefings and instructions on evacuation procedures, the 

section would require an assistive listening system to be provided. The Passenger Vessel Emergency 

Alarms Advisory Committee recommended this proposed provision. We tested a portable FM system on 

a four passenger deck steel ferry that was 310 feet long, and found that all interior and exterior 

passenger spaces on the vessel received the FM signal. Where passengers are assigned to go to 

specific muster stations in an emergency when the general emergency alarm is activated, an assistive 

listening system would not be required. 

Question 19. Is an induction loop system effective on passenger vessels that have structural metal in 

the decks and bulkheads (walls) that may interfere with the signal? 

Where audio amplification systems provide emergency information, passengers who have a hearing 

loss need information about the availability of the assistive listening system and where to obtain 

receivers in order to use the system. 

Question 20. How should information be provided to passengers who have a hearing loss about the 

availability of the assistive listening system for safety briefings, instructions on evacuation procedures, 

and other emergency announcements? If signs are provided, what information should be provided on 

the signs and where should the signs be placed?

The Passenger Vessel Emergency Alarms Advisory Committee also recommended that other methods 

should be used to effectively communicate emergency and non-emergency information to passengers 

who are deaf. 

Question 21. Would visual displays on passenger vessels provide an effective method for 

communicating emergency and non-emergency information to passengers who are deaf? If visual 

displays are provided for communicating emergency and non-emergency information to passengers, are 

assistive listening systems needed for such information? What passenger areas should provide the 

visual displays and where should they be placed within each area? Have visual displays been installed 

on passenger vessels for communicating emergency and non-emergency information? What costs 

would be associated with providing the visual displays?

Question 22. Do passenger vessels have the capability to communicate emergency and nonemergency information such as arrival and departure time to passengers through their personal 

21. U.S. Census Bureau, Americans with Disabilities: 2010 at: http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-

131.pdf.

22. Frank R. Lin, John K. Niparko, and Luigi Ferrucci, Hearing Loss Prevalence in the United States, 

JAMA Internal Medicine (November 14, 2011) at: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1106004.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

38

communications devices (e.g., send text messages to passengers’ smartphones when they subscribe to 

receive such information)? Can such information be provided to passengers through their personal 

communications devices when passenger vessels are beyond the range of cellular phone towers? What 

costs would be associated with passenger vessels providing such information to passengers through 

their personal communications devices? 

V220 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines

Where automatic teller machines and fare machines are provided on passenger vessels, this section 

would require at least one of each type of machine provided at each location to comply with the 

proposed technical provisions in V707, including clear deck space (V707.2); operable parts (V707.3); 

privacy (V707.4); speech output (V707.5); input (V707.6); display screen (V707.7); and Braille 

instructions (V707.8).

V221 Assembly Areas

An assembly area would be defined in V106.5 as a portion of a passenger vessel that is used for 

entertainment, educational gatherings, or similar purposes. This section would require a minimum 

number of wheelchair spaces to be provided in assembly areas with fixed seats in accordance with Table 

V221.2.1.1. The table would reduce the number of wheelchair spaces as the total seating capacity of 

the assembly area increases. For example, the table would require assembly areas with:

• 300 seats to provide a minimum of 5 wheelchair spaces (1.6%);

• 500 seats to provide a minimum of 6 wheelchair spaces (1.2%); and

• 1,000 seats to provide a minimum of 10 wheelchair spaces (1%).

The Survey of Income and Program Participation sponsored by the U.S. Census Bureau show among 

persons aged 15 and older 3.6 million (1.5%) used a wheelchair or scooter.23

The section would require the wheelchair spaces to be an integral part of the fixed seating plan. The 

section includes proposed scoping and technical provisions for dispersion of wheelchair spaces where 

seats are arranged to provide lines of sight to fixed screens or performance areas to ensure that 

passengers who use wheelchairs have an equivalent choices of seating locations and viewing angles 

(V221.2.3 and V802.2). The section also includes proposed scoping and technical provisions for 

dispersion of wheelchair spaces where seats are not arranged to provide lines of sight to fixed screens 

or performance areas (V221.2.4). 

The cruise industry expressed concerns about the vertical dispersion of wheelchair spaces in assembly 

spaces in comments on earlier drafts of the guidelines. Construction constraints specific to cruise ships 

can limit the number of onboard accessible route connections between decks and seating sections in 

theaters on large cruise ships. We reviewed the designs of theaters on several large cruise ships. 

Based on the theater designs, it appears that the vertical dispersion can be achieved with minimal loss 

of seats where onboard accessible route connections are provided between more than one deck and the 

23. U.S. Census Bureau, Americans with Disabilities: 2010 at: http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-

131.pdf.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

39 

seating sections in the theaters. The wheelchair spaces also would have to meet the provisions for 

horizontal dispersion and substantially equivalent viewing angles. Some of the theater designs had 

columns and equipment overhangs that could obstruct viewing angles and can be addressed by careful 

layout of wheelchair spaces when designing the theaters. We request comment on the proposed 

provisions for dispersion and fixed lines of sight.

The section also would require a companion seat for each wheelchair space, and a minimum number of 

designated aisle seats located closest to onboard accessible routes. The technical provisions for 

companion seats in V802.3 would require companion seats to provide shoulder alignment with the 

adjacent wheelchair spaces, except where the seating is not arranged to provide lines of sight to fixed 

screens or performance areas and where seating is provided at tables and counters. The technical 

provisions for designated aisle seats in V802.4 would require the seats to provide folding or retractable 

armrests, where armrests are provided on seating in the immediate area, and to be identified by a sign 

or marker.

V222 Transportation Seating Areas

A transportation seating area would be defined in V106.5 as an area, other than an assembly area, 

where fixed seats are provided for passengers. This section would require a minimum number of 

wheelchair spaces in transportation seating areas in accordance with Table V222.3. The table would 

reduce the number of wheelchair spaces as the total seating capacity of the transportation seating 

increases. For example, the table would require transportation seating areas with:

• 100 seats to provide a minimum of 2 wheelchair spaces (2%);

• 300 seats to provide a minimum of 5 wheelchair spaces (1.6%); and

• 650 seats to provide a minimum of 7 wheelchair spaces (1%).

The Survey of Income and Program Participation sponsored by the U.S. Census Bureau show among 

persons aged 15 and older 3.6 million (1.5%) used a wheelchair or scooter.24

An exception is proposed for passenger vessels that provide more fixed seats in transportation seating 

areas than the vessel is permitted to carry. The proposed exception would permit the number of 

wheelchair spaces to be based on the maximum number of passengers that the passenger vessel is 

permitted to carry. 

The section would require the wheelchair spaces to be an integral part of and dispersed throughout the 

fixed seating plan. Companion seats would not be required in transportation seating areas. 

Where transportation seating areas are provided on decks that are not connected by an onboard 

accessible route to an entry deck, the section would require at least one transportation seating area to 

be provided on an entry deck or on a deck connected to an entry deck by an onboard accessible route. 

This would ensure that transportation seating is available to passengers with disabilities who cannot use 

stairs. Vehicle ferries that are eligible to use the exceptions for onboard accessible routes to connect 

24. U.S. Census Bureau, Americans with Disabilities: 2010 at: http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-

131.pdf.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

40

decks would need to provide a platform lift or elevator to connect to decks where the entry deck is used 

for vehicles only and a transportation seating area is provided only on another deck. 

V223 Medical Care Facilities

This section would apply where passenger ships have medical facilities with patient sleeping rooms. 

The section would require at least 10 percent of the patient sleeping rooms to provide mobility features 

complying with the proposed technical provisions in V805, including turning space (V805.2); clear deck 

space (V805.3); and toilet and bathing rooms (V805.4).

V224 Passenger Guest Rooms

This section would apply to cruise ships and other passenger vessels that transport passengers 

overnight and provide passenger guest rooms. Some passenger vessels such as ferries or excursion 

vessels may provide guest rooms that can be reserved by passengers for day use. We will define 

passenger guest rooms in the final guidelines and are considering defining the term to include rooms 

used by passengers for overnight accommodations or for day use. If the final guidelines define 

passenger guest rooms to include rooms for day use, a minimum number of the rooms would need to 

provide mobility features and communication features in accordance with the proposed scoping 

provisions discussed below and would need to be located on an entry deck or on a deck that is 

connected to an entry deck by an onboard accessible route. 

Question 23. How many passenger vessels provide guest rooms that can be reserved by passengers 

for day use? How many of these guest rooms are provided on the passenger vessel? Are any of these 

guest rooms provided on an entry deck or a deck that is connected to an entry deck by an onboard 

accessible route? What features are provided in these guest rooms to which the proposed guidelines 

would apply? We are interested in information for estimating the costs and benefits of applying the 

proposed guidelines to these guest rooms?

V224.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features

This section would require passenger vessels to provide a minimum number of guest rooms with mobility 

features based on the total number of guest rooms in accordance with Table V224.2. For instance, a 

passenger vessel with 501 to 1,000 guest rooms would be required to provide a minimum of 3 percent of 

guest rooms with mobility features. A passenger vessel with more than 1,000 guest rooms would be 

required to provide a minimum of 30 guest rooms with mobility features for the first 1,000 guest rooms 

(3%), plus 2 guest rooms with mobility features for each additional 100 guest rooms or fraction thereof 

over 1,000 (2%). The section would require a portion of the guest rooms with mobility features to 

provide a roll-in shower. The section would also require guest rooms with mobility features to be 

dispersed among the various classes of guest rooms. The minimum number of guest rooms with 

mobility features that would be required on passenger vessels is consistent with the guidelines for 

landside facilities such as hotels and resorts. We request comment on this proposed scoping provision.

Guest rooms with mobility features are typically larger than other guest rooms to accommodate 

passengers who use wheelchairs or scooters. The proposed technical provisions for guest rooms with 

mobility features would require wider doorways; turning space within the guest room; clear deck space 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

41 

on both sides of a bed or between two beds and at the closet; turning space within the bathroom and 

clear deck space at the bathtub or shower, lavatory or sink, and toilet (the turning space and clear deck 

spaces can overlap); and grab bars at the toilet and at the bathtub or shower. 

The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) sponsored by the U.S. Census Bureau has 

asked questions about use of mobility devices, including wheelchairs, scooters, canes, crutches, and 

walkers, by persons aged 15 and older since 1990. The SIPP provides stability in measuring disability 

over a long period with a large sample that is representative of the U.S. population. We had a report 

prepared that converted the SIPP data on individuals who used mobility devices to households that have 

a member who used a mobility device because families typically go on cruises for vacation and leisure 

travel.25 This report is referred to as the household report.

The household report shows households with a member who used a wheelchair or scooter doubled from 

1.5 percent in 1990 to 3 percent in 2010. If past trends continue, a linear extrapolation to 2025 projects 

about 4 percent of households will have a member who uses a wheelchair or scooter. We assume 

households with a member who uses a wheelchair or scooter would need a guest room with mobility 

features.

The household report also shows households with a member who used a cane, crutches, or walker grew 

from 4.5 percent in 1990 to 7 percent in 2010. If past trends continue, a linear extrapolation to 2025 

projects about 9 percent of households will have a member who uses a cane, crutches, or walker. 

Households with a member who uses a cane, crutches, or walker may rent a wheelchair or scooter for 

distance travel on a cruise ship and for shore excursions.26 We assume these households may need a 

guest room with mobility features. We assume households with a member who uses a cane, crutches, 

or walker may also need features such as grab bars at toilets and at bathtubs or showers that are 

provided in guest rooms with mobility features, regardless of whether they rent a wheelchair or scooter 

for distance travel on a cruise ship and for shore excursions.

The cruise industry submitted a report indicating that about 70 percent of the passengers who used 

wheelchairs or scooters on 45 cruise ships in 2005 did not occupy a guest room with mobility features.27 

The report suggested that these passengers may have used wheelchairs or scooters for distance travel 

on the cruise ships and for shore excursions, and may not have needed a guest room with mobility 

features. The entry doorway to guest rooms is typically 22 to 24 inches wide and is too narrow for a 

wheelchair or scooter to pass through.28 The proposed guidelines would require 32 inches minimum 

clear opening at the entry doorway to guest rooms with mobility features. The report did not consider 

other possible reasons why a significant percent of passengers who used wheelchairs or scooters did 

not occupy a guest room with mobility features. Passengers who do not have a disability may have 

reserved guest rooms with mobility features because they are larger than other guest rooms resulting in 

25. Mitch P. LaPlante and H. Stephen Kaye, Mobility Device Use and Hearing Impairments Among Individuals and Households: 1990 – 2010 (February 15, 2013) at: http://www.access-board.gov/pvag/. 

26. Cruise ship passengers can rent wheelchairs and scooters from Special Needs at Seas at: http://

www.specialneedsatsea.com/. 

27. Cruise Lines International Association, Passenger Vessel Access Guidelines Access Scoping Economic Impact Study (June 23, 2008) at: http://www.access-board.gov/pvag/. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

42

the rooms not being available to passengers with disabilities. Some cruise lines had a practice of 

requesting passengers with disabilities to provide a doctor’s note to reserve a guest room with mobility 

features. This practice may have discouraged passengers with disabilities from reserving guest rooms 

with mobility features. DOT issued regulations in 2010 that require cruise lines to hold guest rooms with 

mobility features for passengers with disabilities until all other rooms in the same class are sold, and ban 

the practice of requesting passengers with disabilities to provide a doctor’s note to reserve a guest room 

with mobility features. See 49 CFR 39.39 (b) (2) and (f).

Question 24. How often are individuals with mobility disabilities or households with a member who has a 

mobility disability who request a guest room with mobility features unable to reserve the type of guest 

room (e.g., interior, oceanview, balcony, suite) they request, but the same type of guest rooms without 

mobility features are available?

The cruise industry is concerned about the loss of guest rooms and revenue due to the proposed 

scoping provision for guest rooms with mobility features. According to the cruise industry, two guest 

rooms with mobility features occupy the same square footage as three guest rooms resulting in the loss 

of one guest room for every two guest rooms with mobility features. We estimate the loss of guest 

rooms and revenue for large cruise ships permitted to carry 300 or more passengers in Chapter 3 of the 

regulatory assessment. We estimate the 113 large cruise ships operating in U.S. ports as of 2011 

contained 123,516 guest rooms, including 2,392 guest rooms with mobility features (1.9% of the total 

number of guest rooms). We assume 5 percent of the guest rooms in the cruise fleet are replaced 

annually and the total number of guest rooms increases by 3 percent annually. Based on these 

assumptions, we estimate 786 guest rooms would be lost over 20 years under the proposed scoping 

provision against the baseline of the cruise industry practice in the absence of the guidelines. According 

to the cruise industry, each guest room produced $140,000 gross revenue in 2005. Adjusting this figure 

for inflation to $161,250 in 2011 dollars, we estimate the gross revenue loss annualized over 20 years is 

$50 million discounted at 7 percent, and $58 million discounted at 3 percent. We note, however, that 

gross revenue loss overstates the cost. The correct measure for estimating the cost of lost guest rooms 

is net revenue, which is gross revenue less the costs to serve the passengers who would occupy the 

guest rooms.

Question 25. For cruise ships operating in U.S. ports, is it reasonable to assume that 5 percent of the 

guest rooms in the cruise fleet are replaced annually and the total number of guest rooms increases by 3 

percent annually? Comments should include information to support alternative assumptions.

Question 26. Is there other information available to improve our cost estimates? We are particularly 

interested in information on net revenue per guest room, which accounts for the costs to serve the 

passengers who occupy the guest rooms.

28. A sample of about 500 wheeled mobility devices shows that the minimum clear width needed for a 

manual wheelchair user ranges from 27 to 31 inches; for a power wheelchair user ranges from 27 to 33 

inches; and for a scooter user ranges from 24 to 33 inches. Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access, Design Resources DR-15 Clear Floor Area for Wheeled Mobility: Redefining the “common wheelchair” (January 4, 2011) at: http://udeworld.com/documents/designresources/pdfs/CFA.pdf .
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

43 

Cruise lines construct classes of cruise ships or sister vessels based on the same design without major 

modification. Each new class of cruise ships is generally larger than the previous class. As shown in 

Appendix II to the regulatory assessment, cruise ships constructed in 2010 and 2011 have over 50 

percent more guest rooms than cruise ships constructed in the 1990’s. Cruise lines can mitigate the loss 

of revenue due to providing guest rooms with mobility features by increasing the number of guest rooms 

when designing new classes of cruise ships.

Question 27. How will cruise lines comply with the proposed scoping provision for guest rooms with 

mobility features? Will cruise lines construct larger cruise ships than they would have in the absence of 

the proposed guidelines so they do not lose guest rooms or space for other purposes; will cruise lines 

choose to reduce guest rooms or space used for other purposes; or will cruise lines do a combination of 

these choices or something else?

Question 28. Is there information available on the percent of the population with mobility disabilities that 

takes cruises compared to the percent of the population without mobility disabilities? 

As noted above, households with a member who used a cane, crutches, or walker grew from 4.5 percent 

in 1990 to 7 percent in 2010, and a linear extrapolation to 2025 projects about 9 percent of households 

will have a member who uses a cane, crutches, or walker. These households may rent a wheelchair or 

scooter for distance travel on cruise ships and for shore excursions, and may need guest rooms with 

wider doorways and space to store the wheelchair or scooter. Regardless of whether these households 

rent a wheelchair or scooter, the household member who uses a mobility device may need grab bars in 

the bathroom for stability and support.

Question 29. Would it be practical operationally to provide two types of guest rooms with mobility 

features: (1) one for passengers with mobility disabilities who use a wheelchair or scooter for distance 

travel only and not in guest rooms; and (2) the other for passengers with mobility disabilities who use a 

wheelchair or scooter in guest rooms? What specific features would be needed in guest rooms used by 

passengers with mobility disabilities who use wheelchairs or scooters for distance travel only and not in 

guest rooms? Would providing two types of guest of guest rooms with mobility features reduce the loss 

of guest rooms and revenue? 

V224.4 Guest Rooms with Communication Features

This section would require passenger vessels to provide a minimum number of guest rooms with 

communication features based on the total number of guest rooms in accordance with Table V224.4. 

For instance, a passenger vessel with 501 to 1,000 guest rooms would be required to provide a 

minimum of 5 percent of guest rooms with communication features. A passenger vessel with more than 

1,000 guest rooms would be required to provide a minimum of 50 of guest rooms with communication 

features for the first 1,000 guest rooms (5%), plus 3 guest rooms with mobility features for each 

additional 100 guest rooms over 1,000 (3%). The section would require guest rooms with 

communication features to be dispersed among the various classes of guest rooms. The minimum 

number of guest rooms with communication features that would be required on passenger vessels is 

consistent with the guidelines for landside facilities such as hotels and resorts. We request comment on 

this proposed scoping provision.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

44

The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) sponsored by the U.S. Census Bureau asks 

questions about hearing aid use; difficulty hearing what is said in a normal conversation (even when 

wearing a hearing aid); and deafness (unable to hear) for persons aged 6 and older. We had a report 

prepared that converted the SIPP data on individuals who had hearing impairments to households that 

have a member who had a hearing impairment because families typically go on cruises for vacation and 

leisure travel.29 This report is referred to as the household report.

The household report shows about 9 percent of households in 2010 had a member with a hearing 

impairment (i.e., had difficulty hearing a normal conversation, used a hearing aid, or was deaf). The 

percent of households that had a member who used a hearing aid or was deaf is about 5 percent. 

The SIPP reports fewer individuals with hearing impairments compared to the National Health and 

Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES asks questions about hearing trouble (no trouble, 

a little, a lot, deaf) and includes audiometric testing of participants. NHANES data for persons aged 12 

and older show 30 million (12.7%) had a bilateral hearing loss and the number increases to 48.1 million 

(20.3%) when unilateral hearing loss is included.30 SIPP data for persons aged 15 and older show 7.6 

million (3.1%) had difficulty hearing a normal conversation, including 5.6 million (2.3%) used a hearing 

aid and 1.1 million (0.5%) were deaf.31 

Guest rooms with communication features would be required to provide visible notification appliances in 

the room to alert and awaken passengers who are deaf or who have a hearing loss of general 

emergency alarms and guest room smoke detector alarms. For U.S. flag vessels, the visible notification 

appliances would be required to comply with the NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code. For foreign flag 

vessels that operate in U.S. ports, we are considering referencing the International Maritime 

Organization guidelines in the final guidelines.32 

Question 30. What additional costs would be associated with providing visible notification appliances in 

guest rooms with communication features on foreign flag vessels that operate in U.S. ports? 

Guest rooms with communication features also would be required to provide visible devices to alert 

room occupants of incoming telephone calls and a door knock or bell, and telephones in the rooms 

would be required to have volume controls and an electrical outlet within 48 inches of the telephone to 

facilitate use of a TTY.

29. Mitch P. LaPlante and H. Stephen Kaye, Mobility Device Use and Hearing Impairments Among Individuals and Households: 1990 – 2010 (February 15, 2013) at: http://www.access-board.gov/pvag/. 

30. Frank R. Lin, John K. Niparko, and Luigi Ferrucci, Hearing Loss Prevalence in the United States, 

JAMA Internal Medicine (November 14, 2011) at: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1106004.

31. U.S. Census Bureau, Americans with Disabilities: 2010 at: http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-

131.pdf.

32. International Maritime Organization, Guidelines for the Design and Installation of a Visible Element to 

the General Emergency Alarm System on Passenger Ships, MSC.1/Circ.1418, June 13, 2012 at: http://

www.imo.org/OurWork/Circulars/Pages/IMODOCS.aspx. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

45 

 The Passenger Vessel Emergency Alarms Advisory Committee recommended that portable devices be 

permitted in guest rooms and that the Cruise Lines International Association develop guidelines to 

ensure that portable devices would be effective and reliable in alerting and awakening passengers who 

are deaf or have a hearing loss when general emergency alarms and guest room smoke detector alarms 

are activated. The Cruise Lines International Association convened a group to develop guidelines for 

portable devices but, after the group met, it concluded that it did not have the expertise for the task. In 

the absence of guidelines that ensure portable devices would be effective and reliable in alerting and 

awakening passengers who are deaf or have a hearing loss when general emergency alarms and guest 

room smoke detector alarms are activated, we did not consider portable devices.

V225 Storage

This section would require at least one of each type of storage in accessible spaces to comply with the 

proposed technical provisions for storage in V807, including clear deck space (V807.2); height (V807.3); 

and operable parts (V807.4).

V226 Tables and Counters

This section would require at least 5 percent of the seating or standing spaces at tables or counters 

provided for passenger use in areas other than assembly areas and transportation seating areas to 

comply with the proposed technical provisions for tables and counters in V902, including clear deck 

space (V902.2) and height (V902.3). The section would require the accessible tables or counters to be 

dispersed throughout the area where the tables and counters are provided. 

V227 Sales and Service

This section would apply to check-out aisles, sales and service counters, food service lines, and queues 

and waiting lines. The section would require a minimum number of check out aisles to comply with the 

proposed technical provisions in V904.3, including walking surfaces (V904.3.1); counter height 

(V904.3.2); and check writing surfaces (V904.3.3). For instance, where 1 to 4 check out aisles are 

provided, at least one would be required to comply with the proposed technical provisions in V904.3. 

The section would require at least one of each type of sales counter and service counter to comply with 

the proposed technical provisions in V904.4, which would specify dimensions for an accessible portion 

of the counter and would require a clear deck space for a parallel approach or forward approach to the 

accessible portion of the counter. An exception is proposed for sales counters and service counters on 

smaller passenger vessels where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet and the employee side 

of the counter is 80 inches or less in linear length. 

The section would require food service lines to comply with the proposed technical provisions in V904.5, 

which would require self-service shelves and dispensing devices to be within the proposed technical 

provisions for reach ranges in V308 and would specify dimensions for the height of tray slides.

The section would require queues and waiting lines that serve check-out aisles or sales counters and 

service counters that meet the proposed technical provisions in V904.3 or V904.4 to comply with the 

proposed technical provisions for walking surfaces in V403.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

46

V228 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, and Mail Boxes

This section would require at least one of each type of depository, vending machine, and change 

machine to comply with the proposed technical provisions for operable parts in V309, including clear 

deck space (V309.2); height (V309.3); and operation (V309.4). 

Where mail boxes are provided in an interior location for passenger use, the section would require at 

least 5 percent, but no fewer than one, of each type to comply with the proposed technical provisions for 

operable parts in V309 described above.

V229 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms

This section would require at least 5 percent, but no fewer than one, of each type of dressing, fitting, and 

locker rooms provided in each cluster for passenger use to comply with the proposed technical 

provisions in V803, including turning space (V803.2); door swing (V803.3); benches (V804.3); and coat 

hooks and shelves (V803.5). 

V230 through V237 Recreational Facilities

These sections would apply where the following recreation facilities are provided on passenger vessels: 

exercise machines and equipment (V230); miniature golf facilities (V231); play areas (V232); saunas 

and steam rooms (V233); swimming pools, wading pools, and spas (V234); shooting facilities (V235); 

gaming and arcade machines (V236); and post-mounted binoculars (V237). The sections would require 

a minimum number of these facilities to comply with the proposed technical provisions for the facilities. 

Earlier drafts of the guidelines considered requiring sloped entries to pools as an alternative to pool lifts. 

The cruise industry noted that sloped entries to pools are not provided on cruise ships due to the space 

constraints. The proposed guidelines do not require sloped entries to pools. The proposed guidelines 

would allow sloped entries or transfer systems as an accessible means of entry to wading pools. The 

proposed guidelines would require at least one pool lift to be provided for each swimming pool. Where 

more than one swimming pool is provided in a cluster, an exception is proposed that would require at 

least one of each type of pool to provide a pool lift and the other pools to provide transfer walls, transfer 

systems, or pools stairs complying with the applicable proposed technical provisions in Chapter V 10. 

Service Animal Relief Areas

Individuals with disabilities who use service animals have reported traveling difficulties due to the 

absence of service animal relief areas on passenger vessels. We are considering requiring service 

animal relief areas on passenger vessels in the final guidelines

Question 31. Are service animal relief areas currently provided on passenger vessels? What criteria 

should be used to determine when service animal relief areas are needed? For instance, should need 

for service animal relief areas be based on the length of trip or total travel time? How many service 

animal relief areas should be provided on passenger vessels? Should the number vary based on the 

size of passenger vessel? Where should service animal relief areas be located on passenger vessels? 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

47 

What should be the design criteria for service animal relief areas? What costs are associated with 

providing service animal relief areas?

Chapter V 3. Building Blocks

Chapter V 3 contains proposed technical provisions that form the building blocks for accessible features. 

They are referenced in proposed scoping provisions in Chapter V 2 and in proposed technical provisions 

in Chapters V 4 through V 11. The proposed technical provisions in Chapter V 3 include deck surfaces 

(V302); changes in level (V303); turning space (V304); clear deck space (V305); knee and toe clearance 

(V306); protruding objects (V307); reach ranges (V308); and operable parts (V309). The proposed 

technical provisions in Chapter V 3 are the same as those for landside facilities except as noted below. 

A proposed exception would not require openings and changes in level in deck surfaces for vehicle tiedowns on ferries that are flush with the deck surface and are not located within an onboard accessible 

route to comply with the proposed technical provisions for openings and changes in level. Another 

proposed exception would permit larger openings for drains that are not located within an onboard 

accessible route where the administrative authority determines that larger openings are needed for deck 

drainage.

V307 Protruding Objects

Where doors are required by the administrative authority to have coamings, an exception is proposed 

that would permit the vertical clearance at the door to be measured from the finish deck surface adjacent 

to the coamings and not the top of the coamings.

A comment on earlier drafts of the guidelines noted that U.S. Coast Guard regulations permit vertical 

clearances to be 74 inches on circulation paths and that the proposed technical provisions for protruding 

objects would require 80 inches minimum vertical clearance, which would affect deck height and may 

create stability problems. The ferry case studies found that there were no stability problems due to this 

proposed technical provision. 

Chapter V 4: Onboard Accessible Routes and Accessible Passenger Boarding Systems

Chapter V 4 contains proposed technical provisions for the components of onboard accessible routes 

and accessible passenger boarding systems, including walking surfaces with running slopes less than 

1:20 (V403); doors, doorways, and gates (V404); ramps (V405); curb ramps (V406); elevators (V407); 

limited use-limited application elevators (V408); and platform lifts (V409). In addition, Chapter V 4 

contains proposed technical provisions for components that are specific to accessible passenger 

boarding systems, including gangways (V410) and manually powered boarding lifts (V411). The 

proposed technical provisions in Chapter V 4 are the same as those for landside facilities except as 

noted below.

V403 Walking Surfaces

Walking surfaces on vehicle decks would be permitted to overlap vehicle ways. For smaller passenger 

vessels where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet, proposed exceptions would permit the 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

48

clear width of the walking surface to be 32 inches wide minimum instead of 36 inches wide minimum and 

would permit fold-down seats to project into walking surface clearances when the seats are in the down 

position. The proposed exceptions would reduce the impact on smaller passenger vessels such as 

ferries permitted to carry 150 or fewer passengers. 

V404 Doors, Doorways, and Gates

Exceptions are proposed for doors and gates intended to be operated only by employees, and for doors 

and gates at entry and departure points. 

V404.2.5 Thresholds and Coamings

U.S. Coast Guard regulations and international conventions require certain doors on passenger vessels 

to have raised thresholds known as coamings that are three or more inches in height to provide a 

watertight barrier at the base of the doors. Coamings are essential to vessel stability and safety, but 

present barriers to accessibility. This section contains proposed technical provisions for thresholds 

provided at doorways without coamings, and for single ramp access or double ramp access and 

automatic doors at doorways with coamings. 

An exception is proposed that would permit a 3/4 inch high maximum non-beveled threshold on the 

sealing side of weathertight doors where required by the administrative authority to meet weathertight 

door sealing requirements provided that the thresholds contrast visually with adjacent deck surfaces. 

This exception can be used at doorways without coamings, and doorways with coamings where single 

ramp access or double ramp access and automatic doors are provided. Before using this exception at 

doorways with coamings where single ramp access or double ramp access and automatic doors are 

provided, alternatives should be explored with the administrative authority such as installing drainage 

systems where weathertight doors seal against the top of ramp surfaces.

V404.2.5.1 Doorways without Coamings

This section would require thresholds at doorways without coamings to be 1/2 inch high maximum with a 

beveled edge on each side. An exception is proposed that would permit existing or altered thresholds to 

be 3/4 inch high maximum with a beveled edge on each side.

V404.2.5.2 Doorways with Coamings

This section would require doorways with coamings to conform to the minimum coaming height 

determined by the administrative authority. 

Question 32. Do passenger vessels exceed the minimum coaming height determined by the 

administrative authority? If so, comments should provide information explaining conditions where the 

minimum coaming height is exceeded.

The Passenger Vessel Access Advisory Committee recommended that single ramp access or double 

ramp access and automatic doors be provided at doorways with coamings. We sponsored a research 

project by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center to examine potential access solutions to 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

49 

doorways with coamings.33 A working group organized by the U.S. Coast Guard and the Passenger 

Vessel Association reviewed the research project report. The proposed technical provisions for 

doorways with coamings considered in the earlier drafts of the guidelines are revised based on the 

research project report, case studies, and input from the U.S. Coast Guard and Passenger Vessel 

Association working group. 

For single ramp access, this section would require a ramp on the side of the doorway to be protected 

from water infiltration. Changes in level would not be permitted within the maneuvering clearances 

specified on the other side of the door. 

For double ramp access, this section would require ramps on each side of the doorway and automatic 

doors at the doorway. A exception is proposed that would not require automatic doors where the doors 

are intended to be operated only by employees. 

For both single ramp access and double ramp access, this section would require the ramp width to be 

equal to or greater than the width of the maneuvering clearances specified on the side of the doorway 

where the ramp is provided An exception is proposed that would not require landings at the top of 

ramps provided at doorways with coamings.

For smaller passenger vessels where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet, exceptions are 

proposed that would permit doorways with coamings that provide single ramp access to have steeper 

running slopes on ramp runs and the maneuvering clearances on the side of the doorway without a ramp 

to be 48 inches minimum in depth.

An exception is proposed that would not require single ramp access or double ramp access and 

automatic doors where the administrative authority permits coamings to be removable; the doors are 

intended to be operated only by employees; the coamings are readily removable by the employees; and 

the weather deck areas accessed by the doors are not open to passengers when the vessel is underway 

except in emergencies. 

Where the administrative authority determines that it is not feasible to provide single ramp access or 

double ramp access and automatic doors at doorways with coamings due to space limitations and 

watertight doors are provided instead of weathertight doors, an exception is proposed that would permit 

the thresholds on the sides of the watertight doors containing the door seal to have non-beveled 

thresholds 1 1/4 inches high maximum provided that the thresholds contrast visually with adjacent deck 

surfaces. 

V404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware

This section would require the force to activate operable parts of door and gate hardware to not exceed 

5 pounds. Where the administrative authority determines that greater force is necessary, an exception 

would permit the administrative authority to establish the maximum force.

33. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center , ADA Access to Passenger Vessels: Finding Safety 

Equivalence Solutions for Watertight Doors with Coamings at: http://www@access-board.gov/pvag/. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

50

V404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force

This section would require fire doors and watertight doors for passenger use to have the minimum 

opening force determined by the administrative authority. 

Question 33. Do fire doors and watertight doors for passenger use exceed the minimum opening force 

determined by the administrative authority? If so, comments should provide information explaining 

conditions where the minimum opening force is exceeded.

The section would require other doors and gates for passenger use, except exterior hinged doors and 

gates, to have an opening force of 5 pounds maximum. Where the administrative authority determines 

that greater force is necessary, an exception would permit the administrative authority to establish the 

maximum force. 

A proposed exception would not require doors on sailing vessels to comply with the proposed technical 

provisions for opening force.

V405 Ramps

For smaller passenger vessels where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet, proposed 

exceptions would permit the clear width of ramp runs (including the clear width between handrails, where 

provided) to be 32 inches minimum instead of 36 inches minimum; and the length of landings at the top 

and bottom of ramp runs to be 48 inches long minimum instead of 60 inches long minimum.

V407 Elevators

This section would permit any door location on elevator cars that have 36 inches minimum door clear 

width. 

V407 Elevators and V408 Limited Use-Limited Application Elevators

Where elevator cars provide emergency two-way communication systems, these sections would require 

the systems to provide a visual signal acknowledging that an emergency signal was received at the 

bridge or other space where emergency actions are directed. 

Where a passenger vessel has more than one entry deck, an exception is proposed that would not 

require the elevator car control button for the entry deck to be identified with the entry deck tactile 

symbol.

V409 Platform Lifts

This section would require platform lifts to have a 450 pounds minimum rated load. We are considering 

increasing the rated load to 660 pounds for inclined platform lifts and 750 pounds for vertical platform lifts 

in the final guidelines. Product reviews of available inclined and vertical platform lifts show that they 

meet the higher rated loads. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

51 

Question 34. Are inclined lifts complying with the ASME A18.1- 2011 Safety Standard for Platform Lifts 

and Stairway Chairlifts available that have rated loads greater than 660 pounds? How much more do 

inclined platform lifts with a 660 pounds rated load and vertical platform lifts with a 750 pounds rated load 

cost compared to platform lifts with a 450 pounds rated load? What are the benefits of inclined platform 

lifts with a 660 pounds rated load and vertical platform lifts with a 750 pounds rated load compared to 

platform lifts with a 450 pounds rated load?

For smaller passenger vessels where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet, a proposed 

exception would permit the lift platform to be to be 32 inches wide minimum where it is approached at the 

short side in order to allow the use of inclined platform lifts. 

V410 Gangways

This section contains proposed technical provisions for gangways that are part of accessible passenger 

boarding systems, including slope (V410.2); cross slope (V410.3); surfaces (V410.4); clear width 

(V410.5); transition plates (V410.6); landings (V410.7); handrails (V410.8); edge protection (V410.9); 

and wet conditions (V410.10).

The section would require gangway runs to have a running slope of 1:12 maximum. For gangways 

carried on passenger vessels, a proposed exception would limit the total length of the gangway run or 

series of gangway runs to the beam of the passenger vessel (width of the vessel at its widest point). For 

gangways provided at landside facilities, a proposed exception would limit the total length of the 

gangway run or series of gangway runs to 120 feet. This would result in gangways with running slopes 

steeper than 1:12 in locations where there are severe tidal or water fluctuations. However, satisfactory 

solutions cannot be achieved under all conditions in the marine environment. We defer to DOT and DOJ 

to address when accessible passenger boarding systems, including gangways, would be required since 

passenger boarding systems can be provided at landside facilities and involve operational issues 

between the owner or operator of the landside facilities and the passenger vessel owner or operator that 

DOT and DOJ are authorized to address. 

The section would prohibit changes in level, other than running slope and cross slope, on surfaces of 

gangway runs. A proposed exception would permit changes in level 1/4 inch without a bevel and 1/2 

inch with a bevel on surfaces of gangway runs where conditions result in gangways with slopes greater 

than 1:4. Another proposed exception would permit changes in level on the portion of the surface of a 

gangway run that is outside a 36 inches wide minimum surface located between handrails and free of 

changes in level.

For vehicle ferries, a proposed exception for running slope would be permitted where the only way for 

pedestrian passengers to embark or disembark is by way of a gangway that also functions as a vehicle 

transfer bridge. Another proposed exception would permit readily removable handrails on gangways 

that also function as a vehicle transfer bridge.

For smaller passenger vessels where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet, a proposed 

exception would permit the clear width of gangway runs (including the width between handrails, where 

provided) to be 32 inches minimum instead of 36 inches minimum.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

52

V411 Manually Powered Boarding Lifts

This section contains the proposed technical provisions for manually powered boarding lifts, including 

design load (V411.2); controls (V411.3); emergency operation (V411.4); equipment failure (V411.5); 

platform barriers (V411.6); platform surface and size (V411.7); platform approaches (V411.8); platform 

direction (V411.10); and handrails (V411.11). Manually powered boarding lifts can be used as a 

component of an accessible passenger boarding system or to access tender boarding platforms in 

certain conditions.

Chapter V 5: General Passenger Vessel Elements

Chapter V 5 contains the proposed technical provisions for pool stairs, including treads and risers 

(V502.2); closed risers (V502.3); tread surface (V502.4); nosings (V502.5); and handrails (V502.6);. 

Chapter V 5 also contains the proposed technical provisions for handrails, including where they would be 

required (V503.1 and V503.2); continuity (V503.3); height (V503.4); clearance (V503.5); gripping surface 

(V503.6); cross section (V 503.7); surfaces (V5003,8); fittings (V503.9); and handrail extensions 

(V503.10). The proposed technical provisions in Chapter V 5 are the same as those for landside 

facilities except as noted below. 

Where the administrative authority requires handrails along walking surfaces with slopes not steeper 

than 1:20 to be located more than 38 inches above the deck, a proposed exception would not require the 

handrails to comply with the proposed technical provision for height. 

Chapter V 6: Plumbing Elements and Facilities

Chapter V 6 contains the proposed technical provisions for drinking fountains (V602); toilet and bathing 

rooms (V603); water closets and toilet compartments (V604); urinals (V605); lavatories and sinks 

(V606); bathtubs (V607); shower compartments and rinsing showers (V608); grab bars (V609); tub and 

shower seats (V610); laundry equipment (V611); and saunas and steam rooms (V612). The proposed 

technical provisions in Chapter V 6 are the same as those for landside facilities.

Comments from the cruise industry on earlier drafts of the guidelines noted the need for flexibility in 

designing bathrooms in guest rooms with mobility features. The proposed technical provisions in 

V603.2.2 permit clear deck spaces, clearances at fixtures, and turning spaces in bathrooms to overlap 

(e.g., clearances at water closets and roll-in showers can overlap). A grab bar would be required on the 

side wall opposite the seat in roll-in showers only if a side wall is provided. If no sidewall is provided, a 

grab bar would not be required.

Chapter V 7: Communication Elements and Features

Chapter V 7 contains the proposed technical provisions for visible notification appliances for general 

emergency alarms in public areas (V702); signs (V703); telephones (V704); two-way communication 

systems (V705); assistive listening systems (V706); and automatic teller machines and fare machines 

(V707). Except for general emergency alarms, which are discussed under Chapter V 2, the proposed 

technical provisions in Chapter V 7 are the same as those for landside facilities.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

53 

Chapter V 8: Special Rooms, Spaces, and Elements

Chapter V 8 contains the proposed technical provisions for wheelchair spaces, companion seats, and 

designated aisle seats (V802); dressing, fitting, and locker rooms (V803); galleys and pantries (V804); 

medical care facilities (V805); passenger guest rooms (V806); and storage (V807). The proposed 

technical provisions in Chapter V 8 are the same as for landside facilities except as noted below.

V802 Wheelchair Spaces

For ferries permitted to carry 150 or fewer passengers that provide only one transportation seating area 

under 100 square feet, a proposed exception would permit wheelchair spaces in the transportation 

seating area to overlap onboard accessible routes, accessible means of escape, and means of escape 

required by the administrative authority. A proposed exception would not require shoulder alignment of 

wheelchair spaces and companion seats at tables and counters.

V806.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features

A proposed exception would permit shelving to be used in bathrooms to provide comparable counter top 

space. Where doors connect adjacent guest rooms and one of the guest rooms does not provide 

mobility features, a proposed exception would not require the door on the side of the guest room that 

does not provide mobility features to comply with the proposed technical provisions for maneuvering 

clearances.

Where windows are provided in guest rooms with mobility features for operation by passengers, this 

section would require at least one window to meet the proposed technical provisions for operable parts 

in V309, including 5 pounds maximum force to operate.

Question 35. Are marine windows available that do not require more than 5 pounds force to operate? 

Can methods or products used to facilitate window operation in landside facilities be used in the marine 

environment? Are automated marine windows available?

Question 36. In new construction, can balcony doors that are not required to have coamings be 

designed to meet the proposed technical provisions in V404.2.5.1 for height (1/2 inch maximum) and 

openings (not allow passage of a sphere more than 1⁄2 inch in diameter)? Can drains be provided at 

balconies to prevent water from entering guest rooms? 

For the final guidelines, we are considering technical provisions for beds that are fixed in place, including 

bed height and clearance between upper and lower berths.

Question 37. Is the 17 inches to 19 inches height specified for shower seats and water closets 

appropriate for beds in guest rooms with mobility features? What should be the minimum clear height 

above the lower berth where upper and lower berths are provided? 

Chapter V 9: Built-In Elements
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

54

Chapter V 9 contains the proposed technical provisions for built-in elements, including tables and 

counters (V902); benches (V903); and sales and service counters (V904). The proposed technical 

provisions in Chapter V 9 are the same as for landside facilities except as noted below.

Proposed exceptions would permit clear deck spaces at low beverage tables and narrow counters to be 

positioned for a parallel approach by passengers who use wheelchairs.

Chapter V 10: Recreation Facilities

Chapter V 10 contains the proposed technical provisions for recreation facilities, including exercise 

machines and equipment (V1002); miniature golf facilities (V1003); play areas (V1004); swimming pools, 

wading pools, and spas (V1005); and shooting positions (V1006). The proposed technical provisions in 

Chapter V 10 are the same as for landside facilities.

The proposed technical provisions for pool lifts would require single person pool lifts to have a weight 

capacity of 300 pounds minimum and be capable of sustaining a static load of at least one and a half 

times the rated load. 

Question 38. Are there factors unique to the marine environment that may warrant different technical 

provisions for pool lifts on passenger vessels, including lifting capacity?

Chapter V 11: Tenders

Chapter V 11 contains proposed scoping and technical provisions for tenders permitted to carry more 

than 59 passengers. Chapter V 11 would require tenders to provide at least two wheelchair spaces. 

Chapter V 11 also would require at least one onboard accessible route to connect each wheelchair 

space to the entry and departure points of the tender used by passengers in non-emergency conditions 

serving the seating area in which the wheelchair space is located. 

Question 39. Are there new tenders that do not meet the proposed scoping and technical provisions in 

Chapter V 11?

8. Regulatory Analyses

Executive Order 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review) and Executive Order 12866 

(Regulatory Planning and Review):

The Office of Management and Budget has reviewed the proposed guidelines in accordance with 

Executive Orders 13563 and 12866. Among other things, Executive Order 13563 directs agencies to 

propose or adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned determination that its benefits justify its costs; tailor 

the regulation to impose the least burden on society, consistent with obtaining the regulatory objectives; 

and, in choosing among alternative regulatory approaches, select those approaches that maximize net 

benefits. Executive Order 13563 recognizes that some benefits are difficult to quantify and provides 

that, where appropriate and permitted by law, agencies may consider and discuss qualitatively values 

that are difficult or impossible to quantify, including equity, human dignity, fairness, and distributive 

impacts.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

55 

We prepared a regulatory assessment of the costs and benefits of the proposed guidelines. The 

regulatory assessment is available at: http://www.access-board.gov/pvag/ and http://www.regulations.gov. 

We estimate the compliance costs separately for: (1) ferries, multi-purpose vessels such as dinner 

vessels and excursion vessels, and small cruise ships; and (2) large cruise ships operating in U.S. ports. 

We consider cruise ships permitted to carry between 50 and 299 overnight passengers small cruise 

ships, and cruise ship permitted to carry 300 or more passengers large cruise ships.

Ferries, Multi-Purpose Vessels, and Small Cruise Ships

We estimate there were 454 ferries, 346 multi-purpose vessels, and 32 small cruise ships in the size 

categories covered by the proposed guidelines operating in U.S. ports as of 2010. These 832 vessels 

are listed in Appendix I to the regulatory assessment, along with the data sources.

Question 40. Are there vessels listed in Appendix I that should not be included in the appendix (e.g., 

vessels retired)? Are there vessels not listed in Appendix I that should be included in the appendix? 

We estimate 387 of the ferries (85%), 286 of the multi-purpose vessels (83%), and 23 of the small cruise 

ships (72%) for a total of 696 of the vessels (84%) are expected to reach the end of their service life over 

20 years. We assume these vessels would be replaced by new vessels and the new vessels would 

have the same passenger and vehicle capacity, passenger amenities, and number of passenger decks 

as the vessels they replace. We also assume the total number of vessels would be stable over 20 years.

We conducted case studies of ten vessels to develop estimates of the compliance costs. We divided the 

696 vessels that we assume to be replaced over 20 years into 13 groups by type and size of vessel and 

extrapolated the compliance costs from the case study vessels to these vessels. See Table 8 in 

regulatory assessment for the 13 groups of vessels and case study vessels matched with each group. 

The compliance costs include the following components:

• Vertical Access Construction Cost. This is the cost of installing an elevator, limited use-limited 

application elevator (LULA), or platform lift to connect passenger decks on a vessel with more than 

one deck. See Table 9 in the regulatory assessment for estimates of the vertical access construction 

costs for the vessels

• Other Accessible Feature Costs. This includes the cost to expand toilet rooms; modify doors and 

thresholds; install automatic doors at doorways with coamings and double ramps; add assistive 

listening systems; and provide protected waiting areas as part of an accessible means of escape 

where passengers with disabilities wait for crew assistance during emergencies. See Table 10 in the 

regulatory assessment for estimates of the other accessible feature costs for the vessels.

• Lengthening Cost. This is the cost of increasing the length of a vessel to accommodate the 

accessible features and maintain passenger and vehicle capacity. See Table 11 in the regulatory 

assessment for estimates of the costs to lengthen the vessels.

• Redesign Cost. This is the cost for architectural design drawings for a new vessel that differs in 

design from the vessel it replaces. See Table 12 in the regulatory assessment for estimates of the 

redesign costs for the vessels.

• Vertical Access Maintenance Cost. This is the annual cost of maintaining an elevator, LULA, or 

platform lift to connect passenger decks. See Table 13 in the regulatory assessment for estimates of 

the vertical access maintenance costs for the vessels.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

56

• Automatic Door Maintenance Cost. This is the annual cost of maintaining and replacing automatic 

doors at doorways with coamings and double ramps. See Table 13 in the regulatory assessment for 

estimates of the automatic door maintenance costs for the vessels.

• Engine Maintenance Cost. This is the annual cost for additional engine maintenance due to added 

weight from the accessible features and vessel lengthening. See Table 14 in the regulatory 

assessment for estimates of the engine maintenance costs for the vessels.

• Fuel Cost. This is the annual cost for additional fuel consumption due to installing an elevator, LULA, 

or platform lift to connect passenger decks and vessel lengthening. See Table 14 in the regulatory 

assessment for estimates of the additional annual fuel costs for the vessels.

We estimate the total compliance costs for the vessels annualized over 20 years are $16 million 

discounted at 7 percent and 3 percent. See Table 15 in the regulatory assessment for the total 

estimated compliance costs. 

Question 41. We request comment on the following questions regarding the regulatory assessment:

(a) Is it reasonable to assume the number of ferries, multi-purpose vessels, and small cruise ships to 

which the proposed guidelines would apply would be stable over 20 years? Comments should 

include information to support alternate assumptions.

(b) Are the compliance cost estimates reasonable? If the estimates are not reasonable, comments 

should identify the specific estimate that is not reasonable and alternative methods or sources of 

information to improve the estimate.

(c) Would providing an elevator, LULA, or platform lift on the vessels in Table 9 in the regulatory 

assessment result in increased electrical loads that would require larger electric generator systems? 

Comments should include cost estimates for larger electric generator systems, where possible.

(d) Are the assumptions regarding the increases in fuel consumption in Table 14 in the regulatory 

assessment reasonable? Comments should include information to support alternate assumptions.

(e) Would increasing the lengthen of the vessels in Table 11 in the regulatory assessment impact 

their use of docking areas? Comments should describe any impacts and how to estimate the costs 

of the impacts. 

(f) Would the proposed guidelines result in vessel owners and operators reducing the passenger 

and vehicle capacity of the vessels or reducing passenger amenities such as fixed seating or guest 

rooms; or would vessel owners and operators increase the size of the vessels to maintain or 

increase the passenger and vehicle capacity and passenger amenities? If the passenger and 

vehicle capacity or passenger amenities would be reduced, we are interested in information to 

estimate the loss of capacity and net revenue loss.

(g) Are there other compliance costs associated with the proposed guidelines that are not identified 

in the regulatory assessment?

(h) Do the proposed guidelines have any unintended consequences for passenger vessels?
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

57 

Large Cruise Ships

We estimate there were 113 large cruise ships operating in U.S. ports as of 2011. These large cruise 

ships are listed in Appendix II to the regulatory assessment, along with the data sources. 

Question 42. Are there large cruise ships listed in Appendix II that should not be included in the 

appendix (e.g., vessels retired)? Are there large cruise ships not listed in Appendix II that should be 

included in the appendix? 

New large cruise ships provide many accessible features that would be required by the proposed 

guidelines, including elevators to connect passenger decks; guest rooms with mobility features; guest 

rooms with communication features; wheelchair spaces and assistive listening systems in assembly 

areas; and pool lifts. We proposed to conduct case studies of new large cruise ships to examine the 

impact of the proposed guidelines on the vessels. However, we did not conduct case studies of large 

cruise ships because we could not find cruise ship owners and operators to participate in case studies. 

The cruise industry is concerned about the impact of the proposed scoping provision for guest rooms 

with mobility features. Due to the lack of information, we did not estimate the costs for large cruise ships 

to comply with the proposed guidelines other than the proposed scoping provision for guest rooms with 

mobility features.

Question 43. Would new large cruise ships incur incremental design, construction, operation and 

maintenance, or any other costs due to the proposed guidelines? Which proposed provisions would 

result in incremental costs? We are interested in information to estimate the incremental costs.

As discussed under V224.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features, the proposed guidelines would require 

cruise ships to provide a minimum number of guest rooms with mobility features. Guest rooms with 

mobility features are typically larger than other guest rooms to accommodate passengers who use 

wheelchairs or scooters. According to the cruise industry, two guest rooms with mobility features occupy 

the same square footage as three guest rooms resulting in the loss of one guest room for every two 

guest rooms with mobility features. We estimate the number of guest rooms that would be lost over 20 

years under the proposed scoping provision in Chapter 3 of the regulatory assessment. We estimate the 

113 large cruise ships operating in U.S. ports as of 2011 contained 123,516 guest rooms, including 2,392 

guest rooms with mobility features (1.9% of the total number of guest rooms). We assume 5 percent of 

the guest rooms in the cruise fleet are replaced annually and the total number of guest rooms increases 

by 3 percent annually. Based on these assumptions, we estimate 786 guest rooms would be lost over 

20 years under the proposed scoping provision against the baseline of the cruise industry practice in the 

absence of the guidelines. According to the cruise industry, each guest room produced $140,000 gross 

revenue in 2005. Adjusting this figure for inflation to $161,250 in 2011 dollars, we estimate the gross 

revenue loss annualized over 20 years is $50 million discounted at 7 percent, and $58 million discounted 

at 3 percent.

We do not estimate costs for tenders because the proposed provisions for tenders are minimal and new 

tenders meet the provisions.

Benefits
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58

We do not quantify the benefits of the proposed guidelines due to the nature of the benefits. The 

proposed guidelines would address the discriminatory effects of architectural, transportation, and 

communication barriers encountered by individuals with mobility, hearing, and vision disabilities on 

passenger vessels. Accessible passenger boarding systems would enable passengers with mobility 

disabilities to independently board and disembark from passenger vessels. Wheelchair spaces in 

seating areas would enable passengers who use wheelchairs or scooters to sit with other passengers. 

Passengers with mobility disabilities would be able to use toilet rooms and guest rooms on passenger 

vessels and cruise ships. Assistive listening systems would enable passengers who have difficulty 

hearing to listen to a narrated tour delivered on the public address system of an excursion vessel. 

Passengers who have difficulty seeing or are blind would be able to walk around passenger vessels 

without encountering protruding objects. The proposed guidelines would afford individuals with 

disabilities equal opportunity to travel on passenger vessels for employment, transportation, public 

accommodation, and leisure. The proposed guidelines would enable individuals with disabilities to 

achieve greater participation in society, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency. The benefits 

are difficult to quantify, but include important national values recognized in Executive Order 13563 such 

as equity, human dignity, and fairness.

The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) sponsored by the U.S. Census Bureau asks 

questions about whether persons have difficulty performing a specific set of functional activities.34 The 

SIPP provides estimates of disability prevalence that are representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized population living in the United States. We recognize that not all these individuals are 

likely to directly benefit from the proposed guidelines because some may not use passenger vessels 

covered by the proposed guidelines. We do not have information to estimate the number of people with 

mobility disabilities or their family members who would directly benefit from the proposed guidelines. We 

provide the data below for illustrative purposes.

Persons with Mobility Disabilities

The proposed provisions for accessible passenger boarding systems, onboard accessible routes, 

accessible means of escape, toilet rooms, wheelchair spaces in assembly areas and transportation 

seating areas, and guest rooms with mobility features would directly benefit persons with mobility 

disabilities who use passenger vessels covered by the proposed guidelines. The SIPP data show 

among persons aged 15 and older, 30.6 million (12.6%) had limitations associated with ambulatory 

activities of the lower body, including difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or using mobility devices. This 

number includes:

• 23.9 million (9.9%) had difficulty walking a quarter of a mile;

• 22.3 million (9.2%) had difficulty climbing a flight of stairs;

• 11.6 million (4.8%) used a cane, crutches, or walker to assist with mobility; and

• 3.6 million (1.5%) used a wheelchair or scooter. 

34. U.S. Census Bureau, Americans with Disabilities: 2010 at: http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-

131.pdf.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

59 

Persons Who Have Difficulty Hearing or Are Deaf

The proposed provisions for assistive listening systems, general emergency alarms, and guest rooms 

with communication features would directly benefit persons who have difficulty hearing or are deaf and 

use passenger vessels covered by the proposed guidelines. The SIPP data show among persons aged 

15 and older 7.6 million (3.1%) had difficulty hearing, including 5.6 million (2.3%) used a hearing aid and 

1.1 million (0.5%) were deaf.

The SIPP reports that fewer persons with hearing impairments compared to the National Health and 

Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES includes audiometric testing of participants. 

NHANES data for persons aged 12 and older show 30 million (12.7%) had a bilateral hearing loss and 

the number increases to 48.1 million (20.3%) when unilateral hearing loss is included.35 

Persons Who Have Difficulty Seeing or Are Blind

The proposed provisions for protruding objects, elevator call buttons and signals, and tactile and visual 

characters on signs would directly benefit persons who have difficulty seeing or are blind and use 

passenger vessels covered by the proposed guidelines. The SIPP data show among persons aged 15 

and older, 8.1 million (3.3%) had difficulty seeing, including 2.0 million (0.8%) were blind.

Question 44. Do the proposed guidelines have other qualitative benefits? Are there methods or sources 

of information for monetizing or quantifying the benefits of the proposed guidelines?

Primary Estimates of Costs and Benefits

The primary estimates of the costs and benefits of the proposed guidelines are shown in Table 6. We 

estimate the total compliance costs annualized over 20 years are $66 million discounted at 7 percent, 

and $74 million discounted at 3 percent. 

 

35. Frank R. Lin, John K. Niparko, and Luigi Ferrucci, Hearing Loss Prevalence in the United States, 

JAMA Internal Medicine (November 14, 2011) at: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1106004.
Table 6. Primary Estimates of Costs and Benefits of Proposed Guidelines

Table Annualized Over 20 Years (2011 Dollars)

7% Discount Rate 3% Discount Rate

Costs $66 million $74 million

Benefits

The proposed guidelines would address the discriminatory effects 

of architectural, transportation, and communication barriers 

encountered by individuals with mobility, hearing, and vision 

disabilities on passenger vessels. The proposed guidelines would 

afford these individuals equal opportunity to travel on passenger 

vessels for employment, transportation, public accommodation, 

and leisure. The benefits are difficult to quantify, but include 

important national values recognized in Executive Order 13563 

such as equity, human dignity, and fairness.

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

60

Question 45. Are there alternatives in addition to those included in the proposed guidelines that would: 

(1) achieve the statutory and regulatory objective to ensure that passenger vessels are readily 

accessible to and usable by passengers with disabilities; and (2) reduce the compliance costs for 

passenger vessel owners and operators? 

Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

We are required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act to consider the impact of regulatory proposals on small 

entities; analyze alternatives that minimize the impact on small entities; and make the analysis available 

for comment. We included an initial regulatory flexibility analysis to meet the requirements of the 

Regulatory Flexibility Act in Chapter 7 of the regulatory assessment. The initial regulatory flexibility 

analysis estimates the compliance costs for small entities that construct new vessels to replace existing 

vessels. The initial regulatory flexibility analysis include tables showing the compliance costs for 13 

groups of vessels by type and size.

Why Are We Issuing the Proposed Guidelines?

We are required by section 502 of the Rehabilitation Act and section 504 of the Americans with 

Disabilities Act (ADA) to issue accessibility guidelines for the construction and alteration of passenger 

vessels covered by the ADA. We are issuing the proposed guidelines pursuant to this statutory 

authority. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) are 

required to issue accessibility standards for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels 

covered by the ADA that are consistent with our guidelines. Passenger vessel owners and operators 

would not be required to comply with the proposed guidelines until they are adopted by DOT and DOJ as 

accessibility standards for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels covered by the ADA. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

61 

What is the Objective of, and Legal Basis for, the Proposed Guidelines?

The objective of the proposed guidelines is to ensure that newly constructed and altered portions of 

passenger vessels are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities. The legal basis 

for the proposed guidelines is section 502 of the Rehabilitation Act and section 504 of the ADA. 

How Many Small Entities Would Be Affected by Proposed Guidelines?

The proposed guidelines would affect small businesses identified by the North American Industry 

Classification System (NAICS) codes listed in Table 7 and small governments with a population of 

50,000 or less that own or operate passenger vessels, other than ferries or tenders, permitted to carry 

more than 150 passengers or more than 49 overnight passengers; ferries permitted to carry more than 

99 passengers; and tenders permitted to carry more than 59 passengers. 

Table 7. Small Business Administration Size Standards

NAICS Code Small Business Size

483112 Deep Sea Passenger Transportation 500 or fewer employees

483114 Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation 500 or fewer employees

483212 Inland Water Passenger Transportation 500 or fewer employees

487110 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water $7 million or less annual receipts

713210 Casinos (except Casino Hotels) $7 million or less annual receipts

 

We estimate 381 small entities own or operate 635 vessels in the size categories covered by the 

proposed guidelines. This includes 372 small businesses that own or operate 257 ferries, 338 multipurpose vessels, and 23 small cruise ships permitted to carry 50 to 299 overnight passengers; and 9 

small governments that own or operate 16 ferries and 1 multi-purpose vessel.

What Are the Proposed Compliance Requirements?

The proposed guidelines would apply when small entities replace their existing vessels with new vessels 

or add new vessels to their fleet. The proposed guidelines, themselves, would not require existing 

vessels to be made accessible except where altered. The proposed guidelines contain proposed 

scoping and technical provisions. The proposed scoping provisions specify what passenger vessel 

features would be required to be accessible. Where multiple features of the same type are provided, the 

proposed scoping provisions specify how many of the features would be required to be accessible. The 

proposed technical provisions specify the design criteria for accessible features. The passenger vessel 

features addressed by the proposed scoping and technical provisions include onboard accessible routes 

connecting passenger decks and passenger amenities within decks; accessible means of escape; 

doorways and coamings; toilet rooms; wheelchair spaces in assembly areas and transportation seating 

areas; assistive listening systems; general emergency alarms; guest rooms; and other passenger 

amenities. The proposed guidelines include proposed technical provisions for accessible passenger 

boarding systems. However, we defer to DOT and DOJ to address when accessible passenger 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

62

boarding systems would be required since passenger boarding systems can be provided at landside 

facilities and involve operational issues between the owner or operator of the landside facility and the 

passenger vessel owner or operator that DOT and DOJ are authorized to address. 

What Are the Compliance Costs for Small Entities?

We estimate the compliance costs for small entities that construct new vessels to replace existing 

vessels. As shown in Table 8, we estimate 533 vessels owned or operated by small entities would reach 

the end of their expected service life over 20 years beginning in 2011. We assume small entities would 

construct new vessels to replace these vessels. The estimated compliance costs are based on case 

studies and are adjusted to 2011 dollars. 

Table 8. Small Entity Vessels Replaced by New Vessels Over 20 Years

Vessel Number Number Replaced Over 20 Years

Ferries 273 238

Multi-Purpose Vessels 339 279

Small Cruise Ships 23 16

Total 635 533

 

The compliance costs include the following components:

• Vertical Access Cost. This is the cost of installing an elevator, limited use-limited application elevator 

(LULA), or platform lift to connect passenger decks on a vessel with more than one deck. When 

small entities construct new vessels to replace existing vessels, we estimate 65 vessels would be 

required to provide a LULA at a cost of $297,000; 29 vessels would be required to provide an 

elevator at a cost of $372,000; 5 small cruise ships that currently provide elevators would be required 

to provide larger elevators at a cost of $2,700; and 16 small cruise ships would be required to provide 

a platform lift to tender boarding platforms at the stern of the vessel at a cost of $27,700. See Table 

22 in the regulatory assessment for the types and sizes of the vessels that would incur compliance 

costs for an elevator, LULA, or platform lift. 

• Other Accessible Feature Costs. This includes the cost to expand toilet rooms; modify doors and 

thresholds; install automatic doors at doorways with coamings and double ramps; add assistive 

listening systems; and provide protected waiting areas as part of an accessible means of escape 

where passengers with disabilities wait for crew assistance during emergencies. When small entities 

construct new vessels to replace existing vessels, we estimate 516 vessels would incur compliance 

costs for other accessible features. The costs would range from $19,000 for mono-hull ferries 

permitted to carry 151 to 1,000 passengers plus vehicles to $631,000 for mono-hull ferries permitted 

to carry 1,001 or more passengers plus vehicles. The costs are higher for mono-hull ferries permitted 

to carry 1,001 or more passengers plus vehicles because the estimate is based on the case study of 

a 4,400 passenger and 30 vehicle ferry where the owner wanted to provide automatic sprinkler 

systems instead of protected waiting areas as part of an accessible means of escape even though 

the automatic sprinkler systems are more costly. The costs would be lower if protected waiting areas 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

63 

are provided. See Table 23 in the regulatory assessment for the types and sizes of the vessels that 

would incur compliance costs for other accessible features.

• Lengthening Cost. This is the cost of increasing the length of a vessel to accommodate the 

accessible features and maintain passenger and vehicle capacity. When small entities construct 

new vessels to replace existing vessels, we estimate 217 vessels would need to be lengthened due 

to the proposed guidelines. The costs would range from $60,000 for mono-hull ferries permitted to 

carry 100 to 150 passengers to $2,117,000 for some small cruise ships. See Table 23 in the 

regulatory assessment for the types and sizes of the vessels that would incur compliance costs to 

lengthen the vessel.

• Redesign Cost. This is the cost for architectural design drawings for a new vessel that differs in 

design from the existing vessel it replaces. When small entities construct new vessels to replace 

existing vessels, we estimate 470 vessels would need to be redesigned due to the proposed 

guidelines. The costs would range from $2,000 for some mono-hull ferries permitted to carry 151 to 

1,000 passengers plus vehicles to $261,100 for some small cruise ships. See Table 23 in the 

regulatory assessment for the types and sizes of the vessels that would incur compliance costs to 

redesign the vessel.

• Additional Fuel Cost. This is the annual cost for additional fuel consumption due to installing an 

elevator, LULA, or platform lift to connect passenger decks and vessel lengthening. When small 

entities construct new vessels to replace existing vessels, we estimate 243 vessels would incur 

additional fuel costs due to the proposed guidelines. The costs would range from $5,000 annually for 

mono-hull vessels permitted to carry 151 to 1,000 passengers to $214,000 annually for multi-hull 

vessels permitted to carry 151 to 600 passengers. See Table 24 in the regulatory assessment for the 

types and sizes of the vessels that would incur additional fuel costs.

• Vertical Access Maintenance Cost. This is the annual cost of maintaining an elevator, LULA, or 

platform lift to connect passenger decks. When small entities construct new vessels to replace 

existing vessels, we estimate 100 vessels would incur these annual maintenance costs. The costs 

would be $5,500 for an elevator or LULA, and $2,800 for a platform lift. See Table 24 in the 

regulatory assessment for the types and sizes of the vessels that would incur these annual 

maintenance costs.

• Additional Engine Maintenance Cost. This is the annual cost for additional engine maintenance due 

to added weight from the accessible features or vessel lengthening. When small entities construct 

new vessels to replace existing vessels, we estimate 37 vessels would incur these annual 

maintenance costs. The costs would be $22,000 for multi-hull ferries permitted to carry 100 to 150 

passengers. See Table 24 in the regulatory assessment for the types and sizes of the vessels that 

would incur these annual maintenance costs.

• Automatic Door Maintenance Cost. This is the annual cost of maintaining and replacing the 

automatic doors provided at doorways with coamings and double ramps. When small entities 

construct new vessels to replace existing vessels, we estimate 54 vessels would incur these annual 

maintenance costs. The costs would range from $1,000 for mono-hull multi-purpose vessels 

permitted to carry 500 to 1,000 passengers, to $6,000 for mono-hull multi-purpose vessels permitted 

to carry 1,001 or more passengers. See Table 24 in the regulatory assessment for the types and 

sizes of the vessels that would incur these annual maintenance costs.
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What Significant Alternatives Did We Consider?

We based the proposed guidelines on our accessibility guidelines for landside facilities. Table 25 in the 

regulatory assessment compares the proposed guidelines for passenger vessels to the guidelines for 

landside facilities to show the exceptions and alternative provisions that we propose to reduce the 

impact on passenger vessels owners and operators, including small entities. 

Are There Other Relevant Federal Rules?

DOT has issued regulations implementing the ADA for passenger vessels that provide designated public 

transportation services operated by state and local governments or specified public transportation 

services operated by private entities that are primarily engaged in the business of transporting people 

and whose operations affect commerce. DOT has reserved a subpart in the regulations for accessibility 

standards for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels in anticipation of our issuing these 

guidelines. See 49 CFR part 39, subpart E. DOJ has issued regulations implementing the ADA for state 

and local governments and public accommodations, including those provided on passenger vessels 

such as cruise ships, gaming vessels, and dinner vessels. See 28 CFR parts 35 and 36. Passenger 

vessel owners and operators would not be required to comply with the guidelines until they are adopted 

by DOT and DOJ as accessibility standards for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels 

covered by the ADA. 

Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)

The proposed guidelines adhere to the fundamental federalism principles and policy making criteria in 

Executive Order 13132. The proposed guidelines are issued pursuant to the Americans with Disabilities 

Act (ADA), civil rights legislation that was enacted by Congress pursuant to its authority to enforce the 

Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and to regulate commerce. The ADA was enacted to 

provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against 

individuals with disabilities and to ensure that the federal government plays a central role in enforcing the 

standards. See 42 U.S.C. 12101 (b) (1) and (3). The ADA recognizes the authority of state and local 

governments to enact and enforce laws that provide for greater or equal protection for the rights of 

individuals with disabilities. See 42 U.S.C. 12201 (b). State and local government agencies were 

members of the advisory committee that provided recommendations for the proposed guidelines. We 

made drafts of the guidelines available for public comment in 2004 and 2006. State and local 

governments provided comments on the drafts. We considered the comments when developing the 

proposed guidelines.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act does not apply to proposed or final rules that enforce constitutional 

rights of individuals or enforce statutory rights that prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, 

national origin, age, handicap, or disability. Since the proposed guidelines are issued pursuant to the 

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability, an 

assessment of their effect on state, local, and tribal governments, and the private sector is not required 

by the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

65 

List of Subjects in 36 CFR Part 1196

Civil Rights, Incorporation by reference, Individuals with disabilities, Transportation.

_________________________________

Karen L. Braitmayer,

Chair.

For the reasons stated in the preamble, we propose to add part 1196 to title 36 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations to read as follows: 

PART 1196 – PASSENGER VESSELS ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES 

Sec. 1196.1 Accessibility Guidelines.

Appendix to Part 1196 – Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

Authority: 29 U.S.C. 794f, 42 U.S.C. 12204.

§ 1196.1 Accessibility Guidelines.

The accessibility guidelines for passenger vessels covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 

are set forth in the appendix to this part. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and U.S. 

Department of Justice (DOJ) are required to issue accessibility standards for the construction and 

alteration of passenger vessels covered by the ADA that are consistent with these guidelines. When 

DOT and DOJ issue accessibility standards for the construction and alteration of passenger vessels 

covered by the ADA, passenger vessel owners and operators are required to comply with the standards. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: Preamble

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Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

67 

CHAPTER V1: APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION

V101 Purpose

V101.1 General. This document contains scoping and technical requirements for accessibility to 

passenger vessels by individuals with disabilities. The requirements are to be applied during the design, 

construction, additions to, and alteration of facilities and elements on passenger vessels to the extent 

required by regulations issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of 

Justice under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). 

Advisory V101.1 General. In addition to the requirements contained in this document, 

covered entities must comply under the Americans with Disabilities Act with the regulations 

issued by the U.S. Department of Justice (see 28 CFR part 35, Nondiscrimination on the 

Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services, and part 36, Nondiscrimination 

on the Basis of Disability in Public Accommodations and in Commercial Facilities) and the 

U.S. Department of Transportation (see 49 CFR part 37, Transportation Services for 

Individuals with Disabilities, and 49 CFR part 39, Transportation for Individuals with 

Disabilities: Passenger Vessels), and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (see 

29 CFR part 1630, Regulations to Implement the Equal Employment Provisions of the 

Americans with Disabilities Act).

 

V101.2 Effect on Removal of Barriers in Existing Passenger Vessels. This document does not 

address existing passenger vessels unless altered at the discretion of a covered entity. The U.S. 

Department of Justice has authority over existing passenger vessels that are subject to the requirement 

for removal of barriers under title III of the ADA. Any determination that this document applies to existing 

passenger vessels subject to the barrier removal requirement is solely within the discretion of the U.S. 

Department of Justice and is effective only to the extent required by regulations issued by the U.S. 

Department of Justice.

V102 Dimensions for Adults and Children. The technical requirements are based on adult 

dimensions and anthropometrics. In addition, this document includes technical requirements based on 

children’s dimensions and anthropometrics for drinking fountains, water closets, toilet compartments, 

lavatories and sinks, and tables and counters. 

V103 Equivalent Facilitation. Nothing in these requirements prevents the use of designs, products, or 

technologies as alternatives to those prescribed, provided they result in substantially equivalent or 

greater accessibility and usability. 

Advisory V103 Equivalent Facilitation. The responsibility for demonstrating equivalent 

facilitation in the event of a challenge rests with the covered entity. With the exception of 

transit vehicles and facilities, which are covered by regulations issued by the U.S. 

Department of Transportation, there is no process for certifying that an alternative design 

provides equivalent facilitation.

 
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V104 Standard Practices

V104.1 Dimensions. Dimensions that are not stated as “maximum” or “minimum” are absolute.

V104.1.1 Construction and Manufacturing Tolerances. All dimensions are subject to 

conventional industry tolerances except where the requirement is stated as a range with specific 

minimum and maximum end points. 

Advisory V104.1.1 Construction and Manufacturing Tolerances. Conventional industry 

tolerances recognized by this provision include those for field conditions and those that may 

be a necessary consequence of a particular manufacturing process. Recognized tolerances 

are not intended to apply to design work.

 

V104.1.2 Slopes. Slopes are measured when the passenger vessel is in a static design condition at 

full load. 

V104.2 Calculation of Percentages. Where the required number of elements or facilities to be 

provided is determined by calculations of ratios or percentages and remainders or fractions result, the 

next greater whole number of such elements or facilities shall be provided. Where the determination of 

the required size or dimension of an element or facility involves ratios or percentages, rounding down for 

values less than one half shall be permitted. 

It is good practice when specifying dimensions to avoid specifying a tolerance where 

dimensions are absolute. For example, if this document requires “11⁄2 inches,” avoid 

specifying “11⁄2 inches plus or minus X inches.”

Where the requirement states a specified range, such as in Section V609.4 where grab bars 

must be installed between 33 inches and 36 inches above the deck surface, the range 

provides an adequate tolerance and therefore no tolerance outside of the range at either 

end point is permitted.

Where a requirement is a minimum or a maximum dimension that does not have two 

specific minimum and maximum end points, tolerances may apply. Where an element is to 

be installed at the minimum or maximum permitted dimension, such as “15 inches minimum” 

or “5 pounds maximum”, it would not be good practice to specify “5 pounds (plus X pounds) 

or 15 inches (minus X inches).” Rather, it would be good practice to specify a dimension 

less than the required maximum (or more than the required minimum) by the amount of the 

expected field or manufacturing tolerance and not to state any tolerance in conjunction with 

the specified dimension.

Specifying dimensions in design in the manner described above will better ensure that 

facilities, spaces and elements on passenger vessels accomplish the level of accessibility 

intended by these requirements. It will also more often produce an end result of strict and 

literal compliance with the stated requirements and eliminate enforcement difficulties and 

issues that might otherwise arise. Information on specific tolerances may be available from 

industry or trade organizations and published references.
Figure V104

Graphic Convention for Figures

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70

V105 Referenced Standards

V105.1 General. The standards listed in V105.2 are incorporated by reference in this document and are 

part of the requirements to the prescribed extent of each such reference. The Director of the Federal 

Register has approved these standards for incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 

552(a) and 1 CFR part 51 (Incorporation by Reference). Copies of the referenced standards may be 

inspected at the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 

1000, Washington, DC 20004.

V105.2 Referenced Standards. The specific edition of the standards listed below are referenced in this 

document. Where differences occur between this document and the referenced standards, this 

document applies.

V105.2.1 ASTM. Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the American Society 

for Testing and Materials, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428 (http://

www.astm.org).

ASTM F1292-99 Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surface Systems Under and 

Around Playground Equipment (see V1004.2.6.2).

ASTM F1292-04 Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surface Systems Under and 

Around Playground Equipment (see V1004.2.6.2).

ASTM F1487-01 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground 

Equipment for Public Use (see V106.5 “Use Zone”).

ASTM F1951-99 Standard Specification for Determination of Accessibility of Surface Systems 

Under and Around Playground Equipment (see V1004.2.6.1).

V105.2.2 NFPA. Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the National Fire 

Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169 -7471 (http://

www.nfpa.org).

NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code, 2010 Edition (see V702.2, and V806.3.3.1).

V106 Definitions

V106.1 General. For the purpose of this document, the terms defined in V106.5 have the indicated 

meaning.

V106.2 Terms Defined in Referenced Standards. Terms not defined in V106.5 or in regulations issued 

by the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Department of Transportation to implement the 

Americans with Disabilities Act, but specifically defined in a referenced standard, shall have the specified 

meaning from the referenced standard unless otherwise stated.

V106.3 Undefined Terms. The meaning of terms not specifically defined in V106.5 or in regulations 

issued by the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Department of Transportation to implement the 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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Americans with Disabilities Act, or in U.S. Coast Guard regulations, or in referenced standards shall be 

as defined by collegiate dictionaries in the sense that the context implies.

V106.4 Interchangeability. Words, terms and phrases used in the singular include the plural and those 

used in the plural include the singular.

V106.5 Defined Terms.

Accessible. A passenger vessel or portion thereof that complies with this document.

Addition. An expansion, extension, or increase in the gross deck area of a passenger vessel.

Administrative Authority. For U.S. flag vessels, the administrative authority is the U.S. Coast 

Guard. For foreign flag vessels, the administrative authority is entity designated by the foreign nation 

that adopts or enforces regulations and guidelines for the design, construction, or alteration of 

passenger vessels.

Alteration. A change to a passenger vessel that affects or could affect the usability of the passenger 

vessel or portion thereof. Alterations include, but are not limited to, remodeling, renovation, 

rehabilitation, reconstruction, historic restoration, changes or rearrangement of the structural parts or 

elements, and changes or rearrangement in the plan configuration of bulkheads (walls) and partitions. 

Normal maintenance, painting or wallpapering, or changes to propulsion, mechanical and electrical 

systems are not alterations unless they affect the usability of the passenger vessel.

Area of Sport Activity. That portion of a room or space where the play or practice of a sport occurs.

Assembly Area. A portion of a passenger vessel, used for the purpose of entertainment or 

educational gatherings, or similar purposes. For the purposes of these requirements, assembly areas 

include, but are not limited to, classrooms, passenger meeting rooms, motion picture houses, 

auditoria, theaters, and dinner theaters. 

Assistive Listening System (ALS). An amplification system utilizing transmitters, receivers, and 

coupling devices to bypass the acoustical space between a sound source and a listener by means of 

induction loop, radio frequency modulation (FM), or infrared equipment.

Bulkhead Deck. The upper most deck to which watertight bulkheads (walls) and the watertight shell 

extend.

Camber. The transverse curvature given to the weather deck surfaces to shed water readily, increase 

deck surface strength, and increase headroom clearance on the centerline for the deck below. Also 

known as the rise or crown of a deck.

Catch Pool. A pool or designated section of a pool used as a terminus for water slide flumes.

Characters. Letters, numbers, punctuation marks and typographic symbols.

Children’s Use. Describes spaces and elements specifically designed for use primarily by people 12 

years old and younger.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V1: APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION

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Circulation Path. An exterior or interior way of passage provided for pedestrian travel, including but 

not limited to, weather deck areas, passageways, elevators, platform lifts, ramps, stairways, and 

landings.

Coaming. The vertical plating located at the base of a doorway for the purpose of stiffening the edges 

of the opening and resisting entry of water.

Cross Slope. The slope that is perpendicular to the direction of travel (see running slope).

Curb Ramp. A short ramp cutting through a curb or built up to it.

Deck. A horizontal division of a passenger vessel which contains space designed for passenger 

occupancy and generally corresponds to a story in a building. A horizontal division without enclosed 

space, such as a sun deck, is considered a deck even though it is not provided with a covering. A 

deck containing one or more mezzanines has more than one deck level.

Element. An architectural or mechanical component of a passenger vessel, facility, or space.

Elevated Play Component. A play component that is approached above the ground level of the play 

area and that is part of a composite play structure consisting of two or more play components 

attached or functionally linked to create an integrated unit providing more than one play activity.

Entry Deck. A deck which contains passenger entry and departure points which allow pedestrian 

passengers to embark or disembark a passenger vessel from tenders, fixed piers, floating piers, or the 

land in non-emergency conditions.

Facility. All or any portion of passenger vessels, structures, vessel improvements, elements, and 

pedestrian routes or vehicular ways located on a passenger vessel.

Ferry. A vessel that is used on a regular schedule to: (1) provide transportation only between places 

that are not more than 300 miles apart, and (2) transport only passengers, or vehicles or railroad cars 

used in transporting passengers or goods. 

Gangway. A variable-sloped pedestrian walkway which consists of one or more runs. 

Ground Level. The level within a deck where a play area is located.

Ground Level Play Component. A play component that is approached and exited at the ground 

level.

Mail Boxes. Receptacles for the receipt of documents, packages, or other deliverable matter.

Mezzanine. An intermediate level or levels between the deck surface and ceiling of any deck with an 

aggregate deck surface area of not more than one-third of the area of the room or space in which the 

level or levels are located. Mezzanines have sufficient elevation that space for human occupancy can 

be provided on the deck level below. Also known as the tween deck.
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Operable Part. A component of an element used to insert or withdraw objects, or to activate, 

deactivate, or adjust the element.

Pictogram. A pictorial symbol that represents activities, facilities, or concepts.

Play Area. A portion of a passenger vessel containing play components designed and constructed 

for children.

Play Component. An element intended to generate specific opportunities for play, socialization, or 

learning. 

Qualified Historic Passenger Vessel. A passenger vessel that is listed in or eligible for listing in the 

National Register of Historic Places or designated as historic under an appropriate State or local law.

Ramp. A walking surface that has a running slope steeper than 1:20.

Running Slope. The slope that is parallel to the direction of travel (see cross slope).

Sailing Vessel. A vessel principally equipped for propulsion by sail even if the vessel has an auxiliary 

means of propulsion.

Sheer. The fore-and-aft curvature from bow to stern of a ship’s deck surface as shown in side 

elevation.

Soft Contained Play Structure. A play structure made up of one or more play components where 

the user enters a fully enclosed play environment that utilizes pliable materials, such as plastic, 

netting, or fabric.

Space. A definable area, such as a room, toilet room, corridor, assembly area, open deck area, 

storage room, alcove, or lobby

Structural Members. The components of the passenger vessel that give it its inherent strength, 

integrity, and resistance to damage. Examples include, but are not limited to, the keel, keelson, stem 

and stern posts, frames, longitudinals, structural decks, structural and fire protection bulkheads 

(walls), gussets, stanchions, columns, girders, beams, knees, trusses, and hull plating and planking.

Tactile. An object that can be perceived using the sense of touch.

Technically Infeasible. With respect to an alteration of a passenger vessel, something that has little 

likelihood of being accomplished because existing structural conditions would require removing or 

altering an essential structural member; or because other existing physical or vessel constraints 

prohibit modification or addition of elements, spaces, or features that are in full and strict compliance 

with the minimum requirements.

Tender. A vessel primarily intended for transporting passengers for non-emergency purposes 

between passenger vessels and shore side facilities.
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Transition Plate. A sloping pedestrian walkway located at the end(s) of a gangway, or between 

gangways segments on a telescoping gangway.

Transportation Seating Area. An area, other than an assembly area, where fixed seats are provided 

for passengers.

TTY. An abbreviation for teletypewriter. Machinery that employs interactive text-based 

communication through the transmission of coded signals across the telephone network. TTYs may 

include, for example, devices known as TDDs (telecommunication display devices or 

telecommunication devices for deaf persons) or computers with special modems. TTYs are also 

called text telephones.

Use Zone. The area beneath and immediately adjacent to a play structure or play equipment that is 

designated by ASTM F1487 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground 

Equipment for Public Use (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1) for 

unrestricted circulation around the play equipment and where it is predicted that a user would land 

when falling from or exiting the play equipment.

Vehicular Way. A route provided for vehicular traffic.

Wheelchair Space. Space for a single wheelchair and its occupant.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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CHAPTER V2: SCOPING REQUIREMENTS

V201 Application

V201.1 Scope. All areas of newly designed and newly constructed passenger vessels and altered 

portions of existing passenger vessels shall comply with this document to the extent required by V201.1. 

Advisory V201.1 Scope. The requirements are to be applied to all areas of a passenger 

vessel unless exempted, or where scoping limits the number of spaces and elements 

required to comply with this document.

 

V201.1.1 Large Vessels. Passenger vessels, other than ferries and tenders, permitted to carry 

more than 150 passengers or more than 49 overnight passengers shall comply with Chapters V 1 

through V 10. 

Advisory V201.1.1 Large Vessels. For U.S. flag passenger vessels, the US Coast Guard 

(USCG) determines the number of passengers a vessel is permitted to carry and how many, 

if any, would be overnight passengers. This information is recorded in the vessel’s 

certificate of inspection (COI) which is required to be carried onboard the vessel. Under 

USCG regulations, it is possible that a vessel could be capable of carrying more passengers 

then the COI allows. However, the vessel owner may certificate a vessel to carry fewer than 

the maximum for business and regulatory reasons. 

 

V201.1.2 Ferries. Ferries permitted to carry more than 99 passengers shall comply with Chapters V 

1 through V 10. 

Advisory V201.1.2 Ferries. There are passenger vessels which are referred to as water 

taxis. If a water taxi meets the definition of a ferry in section V106.5 and is permitted to carry 

more than 99 passengers, the water taxi is subject to the requirements of this document.

 

V201.1.3 Tenders. Tenders permitted to carry more than 59 passengers shall comply with Chapters 

V 1 and V 11.

V201.2 Application Based on Facility Use. Where a facility, room, or space on a passenger vessel 

contains more than one use, each portion shall comply with the applicable requirements for that use.

Example 1 (Exempted Spaces). Areas intended for use only by employees are not required 

to comply with this document (V203.2).

Example 2 (Space Scoping). Not all clustered single user toilet rooms must comply with this 

document (V213.2 Exception 4). 

Example 3 (Element Scoping). Operable parts provided in passenger areas must comply 

with this document (V205.1), but the operable parts in passenger areas intended for use 

only by employees are not required to comply with this document (V205.1 Exception 1). 
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V201.3 Temporary and Permanent Structures. These requirements shall apply to temporary and 

permanent structures on passenger vessels. 

Advisory V201.3 Temporary and Permanent Structures. Temporary facilities covered by 

these requirements include, but are not limited to, reviewing stands, bleacher areas, stages, 

platforms and daises, fixed furniture systems, wall systems, and exhibit areas.

 

V202 Existing Passenger Vessels

V202.1 General. Additions and alterations to existing passenger vessels shall comply with V202.

V202.2 Additions. Each addition to an existing passenger vessel shall comply with the requirements for 

new construction. 

V202.3 Alterations. Where existing elements or spaces are altered, each altered element or space 

shall comply with the applicable requirements of Chapter 2.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where elements or spaces are altered and the circulation path to the altered 

element or space is not altered, an onboard accessible route shall not be required.

2. In alterations, where compliance with applicable requirements is technically infeasible, the 

alteration shall comply with the requirements to the maximum extent feasible.

3. In alterations, each alteration shall provide accessibility to the maximum extent feasible where 

compliance with applicable provisions would result in: (a) an increase in tonnage that changes the 

passenger vessel’s classification from 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter K (Small Passenger Vessels 

Carrying More Than 150 Passengers or With Overnight Accommodations For More Than 49 

Passengers) or 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter T (Small Passenger Vessels (Under 100 Gross 

Tons)) to 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter H (Passenger Vessels); (b) a violation of the minimum 

requirements established by the administrative authority for the stability of the vessel; (c) a reduction 

in the structural integrity or fire resistance of a Class A or B bulkhead (wall) or deck surface; or (d) an 

increase in power load in excess of the existing power supply. 

Advisory V202.3 Alterations. Although covered entities are permitted to limit the scope of 

an alteration to individual elements, the alteration of multiple elements within a room or 

space may provide a cost-effective opportunity to make the entire room or space accessible. 

Any elements or spaces of the passenger vessel that are required to comply with these 

requirements must be made accessible within the scope of the alteration, to the maximum 

extent feasible. If providing accessibility in compliance with these requirements for people 

with one type of disability (e.g., people who use wheelchairs) is not feasible, accessibility 

must still be provided in compliance with the requirements for people with other types of 

disabilities (e.g., people who have hearing impairments or who have vision impairments) to 

the extent that such accessibility is feasible.

 

V202.3.1 Prohibited Reduction in Access. An alteration that decreases or has the effect of 

decreasing the accessibility of a passenger vessel below the requirements for new construction at 

the time of the alteration is prohibited.
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V202.3.2 Extent of Application. An alteration of an existing element, space, or area of a passenger 

vessel shall not impose a requirement for accessibility greater than required for new construction.

V202.4 Alterations to Qualified Historic Passenger Vessels. Alterations to a qualified historic 

passenger vessel shall comply with V202.4. 

EXCEPTION: Where the State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory Council on Historic 

Preservation determines that compliance with the requirements for onboard accessible routes or 

toilet facilities would threaten or destroy the historic significance of the passenger vessel, the 

exceptions for alterations to qualified historic passenger vessels for that element shall be permitted 

to apply.

V203 General Exceptions

V203.1 General. Passenger vessels shall be exempt from these requirements to the extent specified by 

V203.

V203.2 Employee Areas and Features. Areas and features of passenger vessels which are intended 

for use only by employees shall not be required to comply with this document. 

V203.3 Limited Access Spaces. Spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks, crawl spaces, manholes, 

hatches, or very narrow passageways shall not be required to comply with this document.

V203.4 Camber and Sheer. Where necessary to meet camber and sheer needs of the vessel, running 

slopes and cross slopes shall comply with this document to the maximum extent feasible.

V203.5 Water Slides. Water slides shall not be required to comply with this document.

V203.6 Raised Diving Boards. Raised diving boards shall not be required to comply with this 

document.

V203.7 Diving Platforms and Swimming Platforms. Diving platforms and swimming platforms shall 

not be required to comply with this document, if the platforms: 1) are located on the outboard side of 

passenger vessels, 2) do not function as part of a passenger boarding system subject to V208, and 3) do 

not function as a tender boarding platform subject to V206.4.

Advisory V203.2 Employee Areas and Features. Where an accessible means of escape 

required by V207 runs through an employee space, only the circulation path in the space 

containing the accessible means of escape is subject to applicable accessibility 

requirements because the circulation path is not intended for use only by employees.

Nothing in this section or this document alters an employer's obligation under Title I of the 

Americans with Disabilities Act to provide reasonable accommodations to qualified 

applicants and employees with disabilities, which may include modifications to areas and 

features of passenger vessels that are intended for use only by employees, unless doing so 

would cause the employer undue hardship. Compliance with this document is not a defense 

to the claim that an employer has violated Title I by failing to make such areas or features 

accessible to an employee or applicant as a reasonable accommodation.
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V203.8 Raised Boxing and Wrestling Rings. Raised boxing or wrestling rings shall not be required to 

comply with this document.

V203.9 Furnishings. Furnishings that are not fixed to the passenger vessel shall not be required to 

comply with this document.

V204 Protruding Objects

V204.1 General. Protruding objects on circulation paths shall comply with V307. Stairways and stair 

towers on passenger vessels subject to 46 CFR 72.05-20 or 116.438 (e) shall be clear of all obstructions 

other than handrails.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Within areas of sport activity, protruding objects on circulation paths shall not be 

required to comply with V307.

2. Within play areas, protruding objects on circulation paths shall not be required to comply with 

V307 provided that ground level accessible routes provide vertical clearance complying with 

V1004.2.

V205 Operable Parts

V205.1 General. Operable parts on elements required to comply with this document, on onboard 

accessible routes, and in rooms or spaces required to comply with this document shall comply with 

V309.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Operable parts that are intended for use only by employees shall not be required 

to comply with V309.

2. Electrical or communication receptacles serving a dedicated use shall not be required to comply 

with V309.

3. Where two or more outlets are provided in a galley or pantry above a length of counter top that is 

uninterrupted by a sink or appliance, one outlet shall not be required to comply with V309.

4. Deck surface electrical receptacles shall not be required to comply with V309.

5. HVAC diffusers shall not be required to comply with V309.

6. Except for light switches, where redundant controls are provided for a single element, one control 

in each space shall not be required to comply with V309.

7. Exercise machines shall not be required to comply with V309. 

Advisory V205.1 General. Section V205.1 covers controls used by passengers, such as 

light switches, electrical outlets, environmental controls, dispensers and trash receptacles.

 

V206 Onboard Accessible Routes

V206.1 General. Onboard accessible routes shall be provided in accordance with V206 and shall 

comply with V402.1.

V206.2 Where Required. Onboard accessible routes shall be provided where required by V206.2.
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V206.2.1 Multi-Deck Passenger Vessels. At least one onboard accessible route shall connect 

each passenger deck and mezzanine in multi-deck passenger vessels. Where passenger vessels 

have multiple entry decks, at least one onboard accessible route shall connect each entry deck. 

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Passenger vessels that have only two passenger decks shall not be required 

to provide an onboard accessible route to connect the decks unless both decks are entry decks. 

2. Where each passenger deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), the passenger vessel 

shall not be required to provide an onboard accessible route connecting passenger decks that 

are not entry decks.

3. Where a passenger vessel has more than one entry deck and is otherwise eligible to use 

exception 1 or 2, the entry decks shall not be required to be connected to an onboard accessible 

route provided that at least one designated entry deck: (a) serves each stop used for embarking 

and disembarking passengers, and (b) contains passenger amenities in accordance with 

V211.1.1, V213.1.1, V222.2, and V224.6, where such passenger amenities are provided on the 

vessel.

4. On high-speed passenger vessels that have only three passenger decks and do not transport 

vehicles or overnight passengers, an onboard accessible route shall not be required to connect 

the decks provided that at least one designated entry deck: (a) serves each stop used for 

embarking and disembarking passengers; (b) contains passenger amenities in accordance with 

V211.1.1, V213.1.1, V222.2, and V224.6, where such passenger amenities are provided on the 

vessel; and (c) contains at least one exterior passenger area that is uncovered by other decks, 

where an uncovered exterior passenger area is provided on the vessel.

5. On high-speed passenger vessels that do not transport overnight passengers, a deck that has 

no enclosed passenger spaces and is not an entry deck shall not be required to be connected to 

an onboard accessible route provided that at least one exterior passenger area that is uncovered 

by other decks is provided on an entry deck or a deck connected to an entry deck by an onboard 

accessible route.

6. On vehicle ferries, where a deck, other than an entry deck, is divided into two separate 

segments and no horizontal circulation path is provided between the two segments, only one 

segment of the divided deck is required to be connected by an onboard accessible route. 

7. On vehicle ferries, decks containing vehicle parking lanes that are designed to be raised and 

lowered and do not provide any other passenger amenities shall not be required to be connected 

to an onboard accessible route.

8. Decks, other than entry decks, that are less than 300 (28 m2) square feet shall not be required 

to be connected to an onboard accessible route.

9. Decks below the bulkhead deck shall not be required to be connected to an onboard 

accessible route. 

10. Where exceptions for alterations to qualified historic passenger vessels are permitted by 

V202.4, an onboard accessible route shall not be required between decks. 
Advisory V206.2.1 Multi-Deck Passenger Vessels. Deck is a defined term in this 

document (see V106.5). Under section V206.2.1, all passenger decks and mezzanines 

must be connected to an onboard accessible route in multi-deck vessels, unless an 

exception applies. Where an exception applies and a deck is not required to be connected 

to an elevator or other means of vertical access, the mezzanine on that deck is also not 

required to be connected to a means of vertical access. However, the exceptions do not 

exempt the elements and spaces located within such decks and mezzanines from 

compliance with this document. For example, a drinking fountain on a passenger deck not 

connected by an elevator or other means of vertical access must still comply with V211 and 

be located on an accessible route within the deck required by V206.2.2.

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V206.2.1.1 Stairs and Escalators in Existing Passenger Vessels. In alterations and additions, 

where an escalator or stair is provided where none existed previously and major structural 

modifications are necessary for the installation, at least one onboard accessible route shall be 

provided between the levels served by the escalator or stair unless exempted by V206.2.1 

Exceptions 1 through 10. 

V206.2.2 Spaces and Elements. Within a deck, at least one onboard accessible route shall connect 

all spaces and elements within the passenger vessel required to comply with this document which 

are otherwise connected by a circulation path, unless exempted by V206.2.1 Exceptions 1 through 

10.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. In assembly areas with fixed seating required to comply with V221, an 

onboard accessible route shall not be required to serve fixed seating where wheelchair spaces 

required to be on an onboard accessible route are not provided.

2. Onboard accessible routes shall not be required to connect mezzanines where passenger 

vessels have no more than one passenger deck. In addition, onboard accessible routes shall not 

be required to connect decks or mezzanines where multi-deck passenger vessels are exempted 

by V206.2.1 Exceptions 1 through 10. 

Advisory V206.2.2 Spaces and Elements. Accessible routes must connect all spaces and 

elements required to be accessible including changes in level (e.g., tender platforms, raised 

dining areas, and speaker platforms) within the deck. Where an elevator or other means of 

vertical access is not required by V206.2.1 to a passenger deck, the requirements of 

V206.2.2 still apply within that deck. Where a percentage of elements or spaces are 

required to comply with this document, then only the percentage of elements and spaces 

that are required to be accessible must be connected to an accessible route. 

 

V206.2.3 Restaurants and Cafeterias. In restaurants and cafeterias, at least one onboard 

accessible route shall be provided to all dining areas, including raised or sunken dining areas, and 

outdoor dining areas.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. In passenger vessels not required to provide an onboard accessible route 

between decks, an onboard accessible route shall not be required to a mezzanine dining area 

where the mezzanine contains less than 25 percent of the total combined area for seating and 

dining and where the same decor and services are provided in the accessible area.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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2. In alterations, an onboard accessible route shall not be required to existing raised or sunken 

dining areas, or to all parts of existing outdoor dining areas where the same services and decor 

are provided in a space required to comply with this document and not restricted to use by people 

with disabilities. 

Advisory V206.2.3 Restaurants and Cafeterias Exception 2. Examples of “same 

services” include, but are not limited to, bar service, rooms having smoking and nonsmoking sections, lotto and other table games, carry-out, and buffet service. Examples of 

“same decor” include, but are not limited to, seating at or near windows and railings with 

views, areas designed with a certain theme, party and banquet rooms, and rooms where 

entertainment is provided.

 

V206.2.4 Performance Areas. Where a circulation path directly connects a performance area to an 

assembly seating area, at least one onboard accessible route shall directly connect the assembly 

seating area with the performance area.

V206.2.5 Bowling Lanes. Where bowling lanes are provided, at least 5 percent, but no fewer than 

one of each type of bowling lane, shall be on an onboard accessible route.

V206.2.6 Court Sports. In court sports, at least one onboard accessible route shall directly connect 

both sides of the court.

V206.2.7 Exercise Machines and Equipment. Exercise machines and equipment required to 

comply with V230 shall be on an onboard accessible route.

V206.2.8 Miniature Golf Facilities. Holes required to comply with V231.2, including the start of 

play, shall be on an onboard accessible route. Accessible routes serving miniature golf facilities shall 

comply with V402 except as modified by V1003.2.

V206.2.9 Play Areas. Play areas shall provide onboard accessible routes in accordance with 

V206.2.9. Accessible routes serving play areas shall comply with V402 except as modified by 

V1004.2.

V206.2.9.1 Ground Level and Elevated Play Components. At least one onboard accessible 

route shall be provided within the play area. The onboard accessible route shall connect ground 

level play components required to comply with V232.2.1 and elevated play components required 

to comply with V232.2.2, including entry and exit points of the play components. 

Advisory V206.2.9.1 Ground Level and Elevated Play Components. The term “ground 

level” is used in this document and refers to the base level of a playground. Assistance 

material written for landside applications is available at www.access-board.gov and can aid 

in applying the play area provisions to passenger vessels.

 

V206.2.9.2 Soft Contained Play Structures. Where three or fewer entry points are provided for 

soft contained play structures, at least one entry point shall be on an onboard accessible route. 
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Where four or more entry points are provided for soft contained play structures, at least two entry 

points shall be on an onboard accessible route.

V206.3 Location. Onboard accessible routes shall coincide with or be located in the same area as 

general passenger circulation paths. Where any two interior spaces which are required to comply with 

this document are connected by an interior general passenger circulation path, the onboard accessible 

route connecting the same two spaces shall also be interior. An onboard accessible route connecting 

any two spaces required to comply with this document shall not be more than 300 feet (91 m) longer 

than the shortest general passenger circulation path connecting the same two spaces.

EXCEPTION: Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), V206.3 shall not 

apply.

V206.4 Entry and Departure Points. Each entry and departure point used by passengers shall be on 

an onboard accessible route.

EXCEPTION: Only one tender boarding platform on the port and starboard side of the vessel shall 

be required to be on an onboard accessible route.

V206.5 Doors, Doorways, and Gates. Doors, doorways, and gates providing user passage shall be 

provided in accordance with V206.5.

V206.5.1 Deck Entry and Departure. Where doors, doorways, or gates are provided at entry and 

departure points required to comply with V206.4, at least one door, doorway, or gate shall comply 

with V404. 

V206.5.2 Rooms and Spaces. Within a passenger vessel, at least one door, doorway, or gate 

serving each room or space complying with these requirements shall comply with V404.

V206.6 Elevators. Elevators provided for passengers shall comply with V407. Where multiple elevators 

are provided, each elevator shall comply with V407.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. In passenger vessels less than 10,000 gross tonnage calculated in accordance 

with the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, elevators complying with V408 

shall be permitted. 

2. In passenger vessels permitted to use the exceptions to V206.2.1 or permitted by V206.7 to use a 

platform lift, elevators complying with V408 shall be permitted.

V206.6.1 Existing Elevators. Where elements of existing elevators are altered, the same element 

shall also be altered in all elevators that are programmed to respond to the same hall call control as 

the altered elevator and shall comply with the requirements of V407 or V408 for the altered element.

V206.7 Platform Lifts. Platform lifts shall comply with V409. Platform lifts shall be permitted as a 

component of an onboard accessible route in accordance with V206.7. 

EXCEPTION: In alterations, platform lifts shall be permitted as a component of any onboard 

accessible route.

V206.7.1 Decks Less Than 3,000 Square Feet. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide an 

onboard accessible route to decks that are less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2).
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83 

V206.7.2 Vertical Clearance Constraints. Platform lifts shall be permitted where the vertical 

clearance constraints of a route where a passenger vessel operates makes the use of an elevator 

infeasible.

V206.7.3 Wheelchair Spaces. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide an onboard accessible 

route to comply with the wheelchair space dispersion and line-of-sight requirements of V221 and 

V802.

V206.7.4 Performance Areas and Speakers’ Platforms. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide 

onboard accessible routes to performance areas and speakers’ platforms.

V206.7.5 Passenger Guest Rooms. Platform lifts shall be permitted to connect levels within guest 

rooms required to provide mobility features complying with V806.2.

V206.7.6 Tender Platforms. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide an onboard accessible route 

to tender boarding platforms.

EXCEPTION: Where platform lifts serving tender boarding platforms are exposed to waves and 

the tender boarding platforms are less than 300 square feet (28 m2), manually powered boarding 

lifts complying with V411 shall be permitted.

V206.7.7 Play Areas. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide onboard accessible routes to play 

components or soft contained play structures.

V206.8 Security Barriers. Security barriers, including but not limited to, security bollards and security 

check points shall not obstruct a required onboard accessible route or accessible means of escape.

EXCEPTION: Where security barriers incorporate elements that cannot comply with these 

requirements such as certain metal detectors, fluoroscopes, or other similar devices, the onboard 

accessible route shall be permitted to be located adjacent to the security barriers. The onboard 

accessible route shall permit persons with disabilities passing around security barriers to maintain 

visual contact with their personal items to the same extent provided others passing through the 

security barrier.

V207 Accessible Means of Escape

V207.1 General. Where the administrative authority requires a passenger vessel to have a means of 

escape, an accessible means of escape shall be provided and shall provide a substantially equivalent 

level of protection from hazards as is required by the administrative authority for the means of escape.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where a required means of escape is permitted by the administrative authority to 

include a ladder, window, hatch, or deck scuttle, the corresponding accessible means of escape shall 

not be required.

2. In alterations, accessible means of escape shall not be required. 
Advisory V207.1 General. An administrative authority, such as the U.S. Coast Guard, 

typically requires passenger vessels subject to its jurisdiction to have one or more means of 

escape from occupied rooms and spaces connecting to areas where passengers and crew 

can be evacuated from the vessel (e.g. survival craft embarkation stations). Generally, a 

means of escape provides a protected and unobstructed way of travel that may include 

horizontal components (e.g., doorways and passageways) and vertical components (e.g., 

stairways). The means of escape also may include areas of refuge (also known as muster 

stations or assembly stations) that are designed to protect occupants from the effects of 

hazards such as fire and smoke. Passengers may be required to wait in these areas 

temporarily before they are either permitted to re-enter the affected areas where hazards 

are no longer a threat or may be routed to areas where they can evacuate the vessel. 

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The accessible means of escape required by this document must provide passengers who 

cannot use an inaccessible means of escape with a substantially equivalent level of 

protection from hazards as is provided passengers who can use an inaccessible means of 

escape. Accessible means of escape should be independently usable by passengers with 

disabilities and should be made up of onboard accessible route components to the extent 

possible. However, an accessible means of escape may include inaccessible components 

where passengers with disabilities would be assisted by crew members. For example, a 

stairway or an exit only doorway with coamings may be part of an accessible means of 

escape but if passengers with disabilities would have to wait for crew assistance at or near 

the stairway or doorway, the waiting area should be sufficiently protected from hazards in 

order to provide the occupants a level of protection that is substantially equivalent to the 

level of protection afforded by the means of escape provided passengers who can use stairs 

unassisted. Similarly, elevators and platform lifts may require crew operation during 

emergencies. If passengers with disabilities would have to wait at or near elevator or 

platform lift landings, the waiting area should afford them substantially equivalent protection. 

A protected waiting area would not be needed where another equivalent method of 

protection is provided, such as where passenger vessels are protected by automatic 

sprinkler systems or areas are open to the weather. 

A protected waiting area should be sized to accommodate at least one clear deck space 

(see V305) for each occupant to be served. Building codes typically require one such space 

per 200 occupants based on the occupant load of all accessible spaces to be served by the 

protected area. The clear deck spaces should not reduce the required width of any means 

of escape traveling through the area. Where more than two clear deck spaces are provided 

at a single location, each space should be accessible without necessitating travel through 

more than one adjoining clear deck space. Protected waiting areas should be equipped with 

an audible and visible two-way communication system that connects the bridge of the 

vessel or other space where emergency actions are directed. 

Doors to protected waiting areas should be identified by a sign stating “Protected Waiting 

Area” that includes the International Symbol of Accessibility (see V703.7.2.1). Signs should 

be provided in protected waiting areas that contain information on the use of the area during 

emergencies, including use of the two-way communication system to summon crew 

assistance, and directions to other accessible means of escape.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V208 Passenger Vessel Boarding Systems

V208.1 General. Where required by U.S. Department of Transportation or the U.S. Department of 

Justice, at least one accessible passenger boarding system complying with V402.2 shall connect an 

entry deck to fixed piers, floating piers, or landside structures. 

Advisory V208.1 General. The passenger boarding system may be carried by the vessel 

or located at landside structures, or partially carried by the vessel and located on land.

 

V209 [Reserved]

V210 Rinsing Showers

V210.1 General. Where provided, rinsing showers shall comply with V608.

EXCEPTION: Where rinsing showers are clustered at a single location, at least one of the rinsing 

showers shall be required to comply with V608. 

Advisory V210.1 General Exception. A “cluster” is a group of rinsing showers proximate 

to one another, generally, within sight of, or adjacent to, one another.

 

V211 Drinking Fountains

V211.1 General. Where provided on a deck, drinking fountains shall be provided in accordance with 

V211.

V211.1.1 Entry Deck Location. Where passenger drinking fountains are provided on decks not 

connected by an onboard accessible route to an entry deck as permitted by the exceptions in 

V206.2.1, passenger drinking fountains complying with V211.2 shall be provided on an entry deck or 

on a deck connected to an entry deck by an onboard accessible route. 

V211.2 Minimum Number. No fewer than two drinking fountains shall be provided. One drinking 

fountain shall comply with V602.1 through V602.6 and one drinking fountain shall comply with V602.7. 

EXCEPTION: Where a single drinking fountain complies with V602.1 through V602.6 and V602.7 it 

shall be permitted in place of two separate drinking fountains. 

V211.3 More Than Two. Where more than two drinking fountains are provided, 50 percent of the total 

number of drinking fountains provided shall comply with V602.1 through V602.6 and 50 percent of the 

total number of drinking fountains provided shall comply with V602.7.

EXCEPTION: Where 50 percent of the drinking fountains yields a fraction, 50 percent shall be 

permitted to be rounded up or down if the total number of drinking fountains complying with V211 

equals 100 percent of drinking fountains.

V212 Galleys, Pantries, and Sinks 

V212.1 General. Where provided, galleys, pantries, and sinks shall comply with V212.

V212.2 Galleys and Pantries. Galleys and pantries shall comply with V804.
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V212.3 Sinks. Where sinks are provided, at least 5 percent, but not fewer than one, of each type 

provided in each room or space required to comply with this document shall comply with V606.

EXCEPTION: Mop or service sinks shall not be required to comply with V212.3.

V213 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities

V213.1 General. Where passenger toilet facilities and passenger bathing facilities are provided, they 

shall comply with V213.

V213.1.1 Entry Deck Location. Where passenger toilet rooms are provided on decks not 

connected by an onboard accessible route to an entry deck as permitted by the exceptions in 

V206.2.1, at least one passenger toilet room for each sex, or one unisex toilet room, complying with 

V603 shall be provided on an entry deck or on a deck connected to an entry deck by an onboard 

accessible route. 

V213.2 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms. Where toilet rooms are provided, each toilet room shall 

comply with V603. Where bathing rooms are provided, each bathing room shall comply with V603.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. In alterations, where it is technically infeasible to comply with V603, the existing 

toilet rooms or bathing rooms shall comply to the maximum extent feasible in accordance with 

V202.3 exception 2, or provide a single unisex toilet room or bathing room complying with V603 that 

is located in the same area and on the same deck as existing inaccessible toilet or bathing rooms.

2. Where exceptions for alterations to qualified historic passenger vessels are permitted by V202.4, 

no fewer than one toilet room for each sex or one unisex toilet room complying with V603 shall be 

provided.

3. Where multiple single user portable toilet or bathing units are clustered at a single location, at 

least 5 percent of the toilet units and bathing units at each cluster shall be required to comply with 

V603. Portable toilet units and bathing units complying with V603 shall be identified by the 

International Symbol of Accessibility complying with V703.7.2.1.

4. Where multiple single user toilet rooms are clustered at a single location, at least 50 percent of 

the single user toilet rooms for each use at each cluster shall be required to comply with V603.

5. On high-speed passenger vessels that do not transport overnight passengers, where multiple 

single user toilet rooms are clustered at a single location, at least 5 percent of the single user toilet 

rooms for each use at each cluster shall be required to comply with V603. 

Advisory V213.2 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms. These requirements allow the use 

of unisex (or single-user) toilet rooms in alterations when technical infeasibility can be 

demonstrated. Unisex toilet rooms benefit people who use opposite sex personal care 

assistants. For this reason, it is advantageous to install unisex toilet rooms in addition to 

accessible single-sex toilet rooms in new facilities.

 

V213.2.1 Unisex (Single-Use or Family) Toilet and Unisex Bathing Rooms. Unisex toilet rooms 

shall contain one lavatory and either one water closet or one water closet and one urinal. Unisex 

Advisory V213.2 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms Exceptions 3 through 5. A “cluster” 

is a group of toilet rooms proximate to one another. Generally, toilet rooms in a cluster are 

within sight of, or adjacent to, one another.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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bathing rooms shall contain one lavatory, one water closet and either one shower or one shower and 

one bathtub. Doors to unisex toilet rooms and unisex bathing rooms shall have privacy latches.

V213.3 Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories. Plumbing fixtures and accessories provided in a toilet 

room or bathing room required to comply with V213.2 shall comply with V213.3.

V213.3.1 Toilet Compartments (Stalls). Where toilet compartments are provided, at least one toilet 

compartment shall comply with V604.8.1. In addition to the compartment required to comply with 

V604.8.1, at least one compartment shall comply with V604.8.2 where six or more toilet 

compartments are provided, or where the combination of urinals and water closets totals six or more 

fixtures. 

Advisory V213.3.1 Toilet Compartments (Stalls). A toilet compartment is a partitioned 

space that is located within a toilet room, and that normally contains no more than one water 

closet. A toilet compartment may also contain a lavatory (i.e., a sink provided for hand 

washing). Where a toilet compartment has more than one plumbing fixture, it must meet the 

space requirements for a toilet room (see V604.8). Full-height partitions and door 

assemblies can comprise toilet compartments where the minimum required spaces are 

provided within the compartment.

 

V213.3.2 Water Closets. Where water closets are provided, at least one shall comply with V604.

V213.3.3 Urinals. Where more than one urinal is provided, at least one shall comply with V605.

V213.3.4 Lavatories. Where lavatories are provided, at least one shall comply with V606 and shall 

not be located in a toilet compartment.

V213.3.5 Mirrors. Where mirrors are provided, at least one shall comply with V603.3.

V213.3.6 Bathing Facilities. Where bathtubs or showers are provided, at least one bathtub 

complying with V607 or at least one shower complying with V608 shall be provided.

V213.3.7 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in toilet rooms 

without toilet compartments, at least one of each type shall comply with V603.4. Where coat hooks 

or shelves are provided in toilet compartments, at least one of each type complying with V604.8.3 

shall be provided in toilet compartments required to comply with V213.3.1. Where coat hooks or 

shelves are provided in bathing facilities, at least one of each type complying with V603.4 shall serve 

fixtures required to comply with V213.3.6.

V214 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers

V214.1 General. Where provided, washing machines and clothes dryers shall comply with V214.

V214.2 Washing Machines. Where three or fewer washing machines are provided, at least one shall 

comply with V611. Where more than three washing machines are provided, at least two shall comply 

with V611.
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V214.3 Clothes Dryers. Where three or fewer clothes dryers are provided, at least one shall comply 

with V611. Where more than three clothes dryers are provided, at least two shall comply with V611.

V215 General Emergency Alarm

V215.1 General. Where a general alarm system is provided to notify passengers in public areas of 

emergencies, the alarm system shall provide notification appliances in public areas in accordance with 

V702.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Elevators, enclosed platform lifts, enclosed stairways, and areas only open to 

passengers in emergencies shall not be required to comply with V215.

2. In alterations, compliance with V215 shall not be required except where an existing alarm system 

is upgraded or replaced, or a new alarm system is installed. 

Advisory V215.1 General. Section V224.4 contains scoping for guest rooms required to 

have communication features and references the technical requirements in V806.3 which 

address the general emergency alarm and smoke detector alarms in guest rooms.

 

V216 Signs

V216.1 General. Signs shall be provided in accordance with V216 and shall comply with V703.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Vessel directories, menus, seat and row designations in assembly areas, 

occupant names, vessel names, and company names and logos shall not be required to comply with 

V216.

2. In parking facilities, signs shall not be required to comply with V216.2, V216.3, and V216.6 

through V216.9. 

3. Temporary, 7 days or less, signs shall not be required to comply with V216. 

V216.2 Designations. Interior and exterior signs identifying permanent rooms and spaces shall comply 

with V703.1, V703.2, and V703.5. Where pictograms are provided as designations of permanent interior 

rooms and spaces, the pictograms shall comply with V703.6 and shall have text descriptors complying 

with V703.2 and V703.5. 

EXCEPTION: Exterior signs that are not located at the door to the space they serve shall not be 

required to comply with V703.2. 

Advisory V216.2 Designations. Section V216.2 applies to signs that provide designations, 

labels, or names for rooms or spaces where the sign is not likely to change over time. 

Examples include signs labeling restrooms, room and deck numbers or letters, and room 

names. Tactile text descriptors are required for pictograms that are provided to label or 

identify a permanent room or space. Pictograms that provide information about a room or 

space, such as “no smoking,” occupant logos, and the International Symbol of Accessibility, 

are not required to have text descriptors.

 

V216.3 Directional and Informational Signs. Signs that provide direction to or information about 

spaces and facilities of the passenger vessel shall comply with V703.5. 
Advisory V216.3 Directional and Informational Signs. Information about spaces and 

facilities includes rules of conduct, occupant load, and similar signs. Signs providing 

direction to rooms or spaces include those that identify escape routes.

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

89 

V216.4 Means of Escape Signs. Signs for means of escape shall comply with V216.4.

V216.4.1 Exit Doors. Exit doors identified with illuminated exit signs shall be identified by tactile 

signs complying with V703.1, V703.2, and V703.5.

V216.4.2 Directional Signs. At exit doors, platform lifts, and elevators that are not part of an 

accessible means of escape, signs complying with V703.5 shall be provided indicating the location of 

the accessible means of escape.

EXCEPTION: Where platform lifts and elevators are directly accessed from protected stairway 

landings, V216.4.2 shall not apply.

V216.5 Exterior Doors. Where not all exterior public doors comply with V404, public doors complying 

with V404 shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with V703.7.2.1. 

Directional signs complying with V703.5 that indicate the location of the nearest public door complying 

with V404 shall be provided at exterior public doors that do not comply with V404.

V216.6 Elevators. In alterations, where existing elevators do not comply with V407 or V408, elevators 

complying with V407 or V408 shall be identified with the International Symbol of Accessibility complying 

with V703.7.2.1.

V216.7 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms. Signs for toilet rooms and bathing rooms shall be provided 

in accordance with V216.7

V216.7.1 Alterations. In alterations, where existing toilet rooms or bathing rooms do not comply 

with V603, directional signs complying with V703.5 shall be provided to indicate the location of the 

nearest toilet room or bathing room complying with V603 within the facility. In addition, the toilet 

rooms or bathing rooms complying with V603 shall be identified by the International Symbol of 

Accessibility complying with V703.7.2.1. Directional signs shall include the International Symbol of 

Accessibility complying with V703.7.2.1. 

V216.7.2 Clustered Single User Toilet Facilities or Bathing Facilities. Where clustered single 

user toilet facilities or bathing facilities are permitted to use V213.2 Exceptions 3 through 5, toilet 

facilities or bathing facilities complying with V603 shall be identified by the International Symbol of 

Accessibility complying with V703.7.2.1 unless all toilet facilities and bathing facilities comply with 

V603.

V216.8 TTYs. Identification and directional signs for public TTYs shall be provided in accordance with 

V216.8.

V216.8.1 Identification Signs. Public TTYs shall be identified by the International Symbol of TTY 

complying with V703.7.2.2.
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V216.8.2 Directional Signs. Directional signs indicating the location of the nearest public TTY shall 

be provided at public telephones not containing a public TTY. In addition, where signs provide 

direction to public telephones, they shall also provide direction to public TTYs required by V217. 

Directional signs shall comply with V703.5 and shall include the International Symbol of TTY 

complying with V703.7.2.2.

V216.9 Wheelchair Accessible Telephones. Where signs provide direction to public telephones, they 

shall also provide direction to public wheelchair accessible telephones required by V217, unless all 

public telephone locations have wheelchair accessible telephones. Directional signs shall comply with 

V703.5.

V216.10 Assistive Listening Systems. Each assembly area and transportation seating area required 

by V219 to provide assistive listening systems shall provide signs informing passengers of the 

availability of the assistive listening system and type of transmitter and receiver used. Assistive listening 

signs shall comply with V703.5 and shall include the International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss 

complying with V703.7.2.3.

EXCEPTION: Where passenger vessels have a central passenger service station to distribute 

receivers for assistive listening systems and other effective methods besides signage are used to 

notify passengers of the availability, location, and type of assistive listening systems provided, 

V216.10 shall not apply.

V216.11 Check-Out Aisles. Where more than one check-out aisle is provided, check-out aisles 

complying with V904.3 shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with 

V703.7.2.1. Where check-out aisles are identified by numbers, letters, or functions, signs identifying 

check-out aisles complying with V904.3 shall be located in the same location as the check-out aisle 

identification.

EXCEPTION: Where all check-out aisles serving a single function comply with V904.3, V703.7.2.1 

shall not apply.

V217 Telephones

V217.1 General. Where public telephones are provided, public telephones shall be provided in 

accordance with V217 for each type of public telephone provided. 

Advisory V217.1 General. These requirements apply to all types of public telephones, 

including courtesy phones provided at passenger vessel restaurants or concierge desks that 

provide free direct connections to passenger guest rooms or guest services.

 

V217.2 Minimum Number. Where a public telephone is provided on a deck, at least one shall be a 

wheelchair accessible public telephone complying with V704.2 and at least one shall be a public TTY 

complying with V704.4. 

V217.3 Volume Controls. All public telephones shall have volume controls complying with V704.3.

V217.4 Hearing Aid Compatibility. All public telephones shall be hearing aid compatible. 
Advisory V217.4 Hearing Aid Compatibility. It is recommended the Telecommunications 

Industry Association Standard RS-504 (Magnetic Field Intensity Criteria for Telephone 

Compatibility with Hearing Aids) be used (reproduced in 47 CFR 68.316, Hearing aid 

compatibility: Technical requirements) to determine hearing aid compatibility.

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

91 

V218 Two-Way Communication Systems

V218.1 General. Where a two-way communication system is provided to gain admittance to a 

passenger vessel or to restricted areas open to passengers within a passenger vessel, the system shall 

comply with V705.

V219 Assistive Listening Systems

V219.1 General. Assistive listening systems shall be provided in accordance with V219. 

Advisory V219.1 General. Assistive listening systems transmit an audio signal to receivers 

to assist people who are hard of hearing in understanding the audio signal received by 

others from room sound systems (e.g., in a movie theater). Further information can be 

found in the advisories under V706.

 

V219.2 Required Systems. Passenger areas shall provide assistive listening systems complying with 

V706 in accordance with V219.2. 

Advisory V219.2 Required Systems. Although this document only requires assistive 

listening systems to be provided under certain conditions, the ADA regulations of the U.S. 

Department of Justice and U.S. Department of Transportation regarding auxiliary aids and 

services may require assistive listening systems to be provided in other areas and under 

other conditions to make communications available to people who are hard of hearing.

 

V219.2.1 Assembly and Transportation Seating Areas. Where an audio amplification system is 

provided in an assembly area or transportation seating area to communicate information that is 

integral to the use of the space, an assistive listening system shall be provided. 

V219.2.2 Emergency Information. Where an audio amplification system is provided in public areas 

to communicate emergency information to passengers, an assistive listening system shall be 

provided. 

EXCEPTION: Where passengers are assigned specific muster stations to go to in an emergency 

when the general emergency alarm is activated, V219.2.2 shall not apply. 

Advisory V219.2.2 Emergency Information. Emergency information includes passenger 

safety briefings and instructions to passengers during emergency conditions.

 

V219.3 Receivers. Receivers complying with V706.3 shall be provided for assistive listening systems in 

accordance with Table V219.3. The minimum number of receivers shall be based on the total seating 

capacity in all the assembly areas and transportation seating areas required to comply with V219.2 that 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V2: SCOPING REQUIREMENTS

92

use the same type of assistive listening system. Twenty-five percent minimum of receivers provided, but 

no fewer than two, for each type of assistive listening system, shall be hearing-aid compatible and shall 

comply with V706.3.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where an induction loop assistive listening system is provided, the minimum 

number of receivers required by Table V219.3 to be hearing-aid compatible shall not be required to 

be provided.

2. The number of receivers shall be permitted to be based on the maximum number of passengers 

permitted to be carried on the passenger vessel. 

Table V219.3 Receivers for Assistive Listening Systems

Capacity of Seating Minimum Number of Required 

Receivers

Minimum Number of Required Receivers 

Required to be Hearing-Aid Compatible

50 or less 2 2

51 to 200 2, plus 1 per 25 seats over 50 

seats, or fraction thereof

2

201 to 500 2, plus 1 per 25 seats over 50 

seats, or fraction thereof

1 per 4 receivers, or fraction thereof

501 to 1000 20, plus 1 per 33 seats over 500 

seats, or fraction thereof

1 per 4 receivers, or fraction thereof

1001 to 2000 35, plus 1 per 50 seats over 

1000 seats, or fraction thereof

1 per 4 receivers, or fraction thereof

2001 and over 55, plus 1 per 100 seats over 

2000 seats , or fraction thereof

1 per 4 receivers, or fraction thereof

 

Advisory V219.3 Receivers. Assistive listening systems are generally categorized by their 

mode of transmission. There are hard-wired systems and three types of wireless systems: 

induction loop, infrared, and FM radio transmission. Where no seats are provided in an 

assembly area, use the occupant load of the assembly area to determine the seating 

capacity, and therefore the number of receivers to provide. Hardwired systems are rarely 

used anymore. However, where provided, receiver connections for hard-wired systems 

should be dispersed throughout the applicable areas.

 

V220 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines

V220.1 General. Where automatic teller machines or self-service fare vending, collection, or adjustment 

machines are provided, at least one of each type provided at each location shall comply with V707. 

Where bins are provided for envelopes, waste paper, or other purposes, at least one of each type shall 

comply with V807.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V221 Assembly Areas

V221.1 General. Assembly areas shall comply with V221.

EXCEPTION: In passenger vessels that function primarily as ferries, assembly areas shall be 

permitted to comply with V222. 

Advisory V221.1 General. The term assembly area is defined in V106.5 as a portion of a 

passenger vessel, used for the purpose of entertainment, educational or civic gatherings, or 

similar purposes. Assembly areas include, but are not limited to, classrooms, passenger 

meeting rooms, motion picture houses, auditoria, theaters, and dinner theaters. Assembly 

areas should not be confused with the term areas of refuge (also known as assembly 

stations or muster stations). Areas of refuge are typically large spaces that are separated 

from the effects of fire and flooding where passengers can gather in an emergency, and then 

if necessary be directed to an evacuation station for disembarking a vessel. An assembly 

area could be designed and constructed to also function as an area of refuge. Section V222 

addresses transportation seating areas which are defined in V106.5 as an area, other than 

an assembly area, where fixed seats are provided for passengers.

 

V221.2 Wheelchair Spaces. Wheelchair spaces shall be provided in assembly areas with fixed seating 

in accordance with V221.2.

V221.2.1 Number. The number of wheelchair spaces shall be provided in accordance with 

V221.2.1.

V221.2.1.1 General Seating. In general seating, wheelchair spaces complying with V802.1 shall 

be provided in accordance with Table V221.2.1.1 based on the number of fixed seats in each 

assembly area. 

Table V221.2.1.1 Number of Wheelchair Spaces

Number of Seats Minimum Number of Required Wheelchair Spaces

4 to 25 1

26 to 50 2

51 to 150 4

151 to 300 5

301 to 500 6

501 to 5000 6, plus 1 for each 150, or fraction thereof, 

between 501 through 5000

5001 and over 36, plus 1 for each 200, or fraction thereof, over 

5000
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V221.2.1.2 Boxes. In boxes, wheelchair spaces complying with V802.1 shall be provided in 

accordance with Table V221.2.1.1 based on the total number of fixed seats provided in boxes. 

Wheelchair spaces shall be located in not less than 20 percent of all boxes provided. 

Advisory V221.2.1.2 Boxes. The number of wheelchair spaces required in boxes is based 

on the total number of seats provided in all the boxes and must be located in no fewer than 

20% of the boxes. For example, a performance facility has 20 boxes, each of which 

contains 10 seats, totaling 200 seats. In this example, 5 wheelchair spaces would be 

required, and the wheelchair spaces must be placed in at least 4 of the boxes. Additionally, 

because the wheelchair spaces must also meet the dispersion requirements of V221.2.3, 

the boxes containing these wheelchair spaces cannot all be located in one area unless an 

exception to the dispersion requirements applies.

 

V221.2.2 Integration. Wheelchair spaces shall be an integral part of the fixed seating plan. 

Advisory V221.2.2 Integration. The requirement that wheelchair spaces be an “integral 

part of the fixed seating plan” means that wheelchair spaces must be placed within the 

footprint of the fixed seating area. Wheelchair spaces cannot be segregated from seating 

areas. For example, it would be unacceptable to place only the wheelchair spaces, or only 

the wheelchair spaces and their associated companion seats, outside the seating areas 

defined by risers in an assembly area.

 

V221.2.3 Dispersion and Fixed Lines of Sight. Where seats are arranged to provide lines of sight 

to fixed screens or performance areas, wheelchair spaces shall provide lines of sight complying with 

V802.2 and shall comply with V221.2.3. In providing lines of sight, wheelchair spaces shall be 

dispersed. Wheelchair spaces shall provide spectators with choices of seating locations and viewing 

angles that are substantially equivalent to, or better than, the choices of seating locations and 

viewing angles available to all other spectators. Where tables or counters with fixed seats are 

provided in assembly areas, wheelchair spaces shall be dispersed at the tables and counters. When 

the number of wheelchair spaces required by V221.2.1 has been met, further dispersion shall not be 

required. 

Advisory V221.2.3 Dispersion and Fixed Lines of Sight. Consistent with the overall 

intent of the ADA, individuals who use wheelchairs must be provided equal access so that 

their experience is substantially equivalent to that of other members of the audience. Thus, 

while individuals who use wheelchairs need not be provided with the best seats in the 

house, neither may they be relegated to the worst.

 

V221.2.3.1 Horizontal Dispersion. Wheelchair spaces shall be dispersed horizontally. 

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Horizontal dispersion shall not be required in assembly areas with 300 or 

fewer seats provided that the companion seats required by V221.3 and wheelchair spaces 

are located within the 2nd or 3rd quartile of the total row length. Intermediate aisles shall be 

included in determining the total row length. If the row length in the 2nd and 3rd quartile of a 

row is insufficient to accommodate the required number of companion seats and wheelchair 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

95 

spaces, the additional companion seats and wheelchair spaces shall be permitted to be 

located in the 1st and 4th quartile of the row.

2. In row seating, two wheelchair spaces shall be permitted to be located side-by-side. 

V221.2.3.2 Vertical Dispersion. Wheelchair spaces shall be dispersed vertically at varying 

distances from the screen or performance area. In addition, wheelchair spaces shall be located 

in each balcony or mezzanine that is located on an onboard accessible route which connects to 

an entry deck.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Vertical dispersion shall not be required in assembly areas with 300 or 

fewer seats provided that the wheelchair spaces provide viewing angles that are equivalent 

to, or better than, the average viewing angle provided in the facility.

2. In bleachers, wheelchair spaces shall not be required to be provided in rows other than 

rows at points of entry to bleacher seating. 

V221.2.4 Dispersion and No Fixed Lines of Sight. Where seats are not arranged to provide lines 

of sight to fixed screens or performance areas, wheelchair spaces shall be dispersed throughout the 

fixed seating plans. Where tables or counters with fixed seats are provided, wheelchair spaces shall 

be dispersed at the tables and counters. When the number of wheelchair spaces required by 

V221.2.1 has been met, further dispersion shall not be required. 

EXCEPTION: Two wheelchair spaces shall be permitted to be located side-by-side. 

Advisory V221.2.4 Dispersion and No Fixed Lines of Sight. A tour vessel is an example 

of a passenger vessel where seats are not installed to provide lines of sight to fixed screen 

or fixed performance areas. 

 

V221.3 Companion Seats. At least one companion seat complying with V802.3 shall be provided for 

each wheelchair space required by V221.2.1.

V221.4 Designated Aisle Seats. In assembly areas, at least 5 percent of the total number of fixed aisle 

seats provided shall comply with V802.4 and shall be the aisle seats located closest to onboard 

accessible routes. 

Advisory V221.2.3.1 Horizontal Dispersion. Horizontal dispersion of wheelchair spaces is 

the placement of spaces in an assembly facility seating area from side-to-side.

Advisory V221.2.3.2 Vertical Dispersion. When wheelchair spaces are dispersed 

vertically in an assembly facility they should be placed at different locations within the 

seating area from front-to-back so that the distance from the screen, stage, or other focal 

point is varied among wheelchair spaces.

Advisory V221.2.3.2 Vertical Dispersion Exception 2. Points of entry to bleacher seating 

may include, but are not limited to, cross aisles, and entrance ramps and stairs. Vertical, 

center, or side aisles adjoining bleacher seating that are stepped or tiered are not 

considered entry points.
Advisory V221.4 Designated Aisle Seats in Assembly Areas. When selecting which 

aisle seats will meet the requirements of V802.4, those aisle seats which are closest to, not 

necessarily on, accessible routes must be selected first. For example, an assembly area 

has two aisles (A and B) serving seating areas with an accessible route connecting to the 

top and bottom of Aisle A only. The aisle seats chosen to meet V802.4 must be those at the 

top and bottom of Aisle A, working toward the middle. Only when all seats on Aisle A would 

not meet the 5 percent minimum would seats on Aisle B be designated.

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96

V222 Transportation Seating Areas

V222.1 General. Transportation seating areas shall comply with V222.

V222.2 Entry Deck Location. Where transportation seating areas are provided on decks not connected 

by an onboard accessible route to an entry deck as permitted by the exceptions in V206.2.1, at least one 

transportation seating area complying with V222 shall be provided on an entry deck or on a deck 

connected to an entry deck by an onboard accessible route.

V222.3 Wheelchair Spaces. The number of wheelchair spaces shall be provided in accordance with 

V222.3.

V222.3.1 Number. Wheelchair spaces complying with V802.1 shall be provided in accordance with 

Table V222.3 based on the total number of fixed seats provided in transportation seating areas of the 

passenger vessel. 

EXCEPTION: Where more fixed seats are provided in transportation seating areas than the 

maximum number of passengers the vessel is permitted to carry, the number of wheelchair 

spaces shall be permitted to be based on the maximum number of passengers permitted to be 

carried. 

Table V222.3 Number of Wheelchair Spaces

Number of Seats Minimum Number of Required Wheelchair Spaces

1 to 60 1

61 to 120 2

121 to 180 3

181 to 240 4

241 to 300 5

301 to 500 6

501 to 5000 6, plus 1 for each 150, or fraction thereof, 

between 501 through 5000

5001 and over

over 5000

36, plus 1 for each 200, or fraction thereof, 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V222.3.2 Integration. Wheelchair spaces shall be an integral part of the fixed seating plans.

V222.3.3 Dispersion. Wheelchair spaces shall be dispersed throughout the fixed seating plans of 

the transportation seating areas located on an entry deck or connected by an accessible route to an 

entry deck. Where tables or counters with fixed seats are provided in transportation seating areas 

located on an entry deck or connected by an accessible route to an entry deck, wheelchair spaces 

shall be dispersed at the tables and counters. When the number of wheelchair spaces required by 

V222.3.1 has been met, further dispersion shall not be required.

EXCEPTION: Two wheelchair spaces shall be permitted to be located side-by-side. 

Advisory V222.3.3 Dispersion. Example. A ferry has two decks. The main deck is the 

only entry deck of the vessel and has a transportation seating area inside the main deck 

cabin. The upper (second) deck has a transportation seating area outside and another 

inside the upper deck cabin. A total of 149 fixed seats are provided in the three seating 

areas. An elevator or other means of vertical access is not required to connect the two 

decks (see V206.2.1), to meet the dispersion requirements of V222.3.3, the three required 

wheelchair spaces must be located in the main deck cabin transportation seating area. 

 

V223 Medical Care Facilities

V223.1 General. Where patient sleeping rooms are provided in medical care facilities, at least 10 

percent, but no fewer than one, of the patient sleeping rooms shall provide mobility features complying 

with V805.

EXCEPTION: Toilet rooms that are part of critical or intensive care patient sleeping rooms shall not 

be required to comply with V603.

V223.1.1 Alterations. Where sleeping rooms are altered or added, the requirements of V223 shall 

apply only to the sleeping rooms being altered or added until the number of sleeping rooms complies 

with the minimum number required for new construction.

V224 Passenger Guest Rooms

V224.1 General. Where passenger guest rooms are provided, guest rooms shall comply with V224.

V224.1.1 Alterations. Where guest rooms are altered or added, the requirements of V224 shall 

apply only to the guest rooms being altered or added until the number of guest rooms complies with 

the minimum number required for new construction. 

Advisory V224.1.1 Alterations. In alterations and additions, the minimum required number 

of accessible passenger guest rooms is based on the total number of guest rooms altered or 

added instead of the total number of guest rooms provided in a passenger vessel. Typically, 

each alteration of a passenger vessel is limited to a particular portion of the passenger 

vessel. When accessible guest rooms are added as a result of subsequent alterations, 

compliance with V224.5 (Dispersion) is more likely to be achieved if all of the accessible 

guest rooms are not provided in the same area of the passenger vessel.

 
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98

V224.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features. Guest rooms with mobility features complying with 

V806.2 shall be provided in accordance with Table V224.2.

EXCEPTION: In passenger vessels with fewer than 121 guest rooms, the total number of guest 

rooms required to provide mobility features in compliance with V806.2 shall be permitted to be 5 

percent provided that the number of rooms with roll-in showers specified in Table V224.2 is provided.

Table V224.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features

Total Number of Guest 

Rooms Provided

Minimum Required 

Number of Rooms With 

Tubs or Showers

Minimum Number of 

Required Rooms With 

Roll-In Showers

Total Number of 

Required Rooms

1 to 25 1 0 1

26 to 50 2 0 2

51 to 75 3 1 4

76 to 100 4 1 5

101 to 150 5 2 7

151 to 200 6 2 8

201 to 300 7 3 10

301 to 400 8 4 12

401 to 500 9 4 13

501 to 1000 2 percent of total 1 percent of total 3 percent of total

1001 and over 20, plus 1 for each 100, 

or fraction thereof, over 

1000

10, plus 1 for each 100, 

or fraction thereof, over 

1000

30, plus 2 for each 100, 

or fraction thereof, over 

1000

V224.3 Beds. In guest rooms having more than 25 beds, 5 percent minimum of the beds shall have 

clear deck space complying with V806.2.3.

V224.4 Communication Features. Guest rooms with communication features complying with V806.3 

shall be provided in accordance with Table V224.4. 

 
Table V224.4 Guest Rooms with Communication Features

Total Number of Guest Rooms Provided Minimum Number of Required Guest Rooms with 

Communication Features

2 to 25 2

26 to 50 4

51 to 75 7

76 to 100 9

101 to 150 12

151 to 200 14

201 to 300 17

301 to 400 20

401 to 500 22

501 to 1000 5 percent of total

1001 and over 50, plus 3 for each 100 over 1000

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V224.5 Dispersion. Guest rooms required to provide mobility features complying with V806.2 and 

guest rooms required to provide communication features complying with V806.3 shall be dispersed 

among the various classes of guest rooms, and shall provide choices of types of guest rooms, number of 

beds, and other amenities comparable to the choices provided to other guests. Where the minimum 

number of guest rooms required to comply with V806 is not sufficient to allow for complete dispersion, 

guest rooms shall be dispersed in the following priority: guest room type, number of beds, and amenities. 

At least one guest room required to provide mobility features complying with V806.2 shall also provide 

communication features complying with V806.3. One guest room or not more than 10 percent of guest 

rooms required to provide mobility features complying with V806.2 shall be used to satisfy the minimum 

number of guest rooms required to provide communication features complying with V806.3. 

Advisory V224.5 Dispersion. Factors to be considered in providing an equivalent range of 

options may include, but are not limited to, room size, bed size, cost, view, bathroom fixtures 

such as hot tubs and spas, smoking and nonsmoking, and the number of rooms provided.

 

V224.6 Location. Guest rooms required to provide mobility features complying with V806.2 shall be 

provided on an entry deck or on a deck connected to an entry deck by an onboard accessible route.

V225 Storage

V225.1 General. Storage facilities shall comply with V225.
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V225.2 Storage. Where storage is provided in spaces required to comply with this document, at least 

one of each type shall comply with V807. 

Advisory V225.2 Storage. Types of storage include, but are not limited to, closets, 

cabinets, shelves, clothes rods, hooks, and drawers. Where provided, at least one of each 

type of storage must be within the reach ranges specified in V308; however, it is permissible 

to install additional storage outside the reach ranges.

 

V225.3 Self-Service Shelving. Self-service shelves at other than food service lines shall be located on 

an onboard accessible route complying with V402. Self-service shelving shall not be required to comply 

with V308. 

Advisory V225.3 Self-Service Shelving. Self-service shelves include library and store 

shelves. Self-service shelves at food service lines are addressed in V227.4.

 

V226 Tables and Counters 

V226.1 General. Where tables or counters are provided for passenger use in areas other than 

assembly areas and transportation seating areas, at least 5 percent of the seating or standing spaces at 

the tables and counters shall comply with V902.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Sales and service counters shall not be required to comply with V902.

2. Check writing surfaces provided at check-out aisles that are not required to comply with V904.3 

shall not be required to comply with V902. 

Advisory V226.1 General. Where tables or counters are provided in assembly areas or 

transportation seating areas, the requirements of V221 or V222 would apply instead of 

V226. V226 and V902 can be used as guidance where portable tables are provided. 

 

V226.2 Dispersion. Tables and counters required to comply with V902 shall be dispersed throughout 

the area where the tables and counters are provided.

V227 Sales and Service

V227.1 General. Where provided, check-out aisles, sales counters, service counters, food service lines, 

queues, and waiting lines shall comply with V227 and V904.

V227.2 Check-Out Aisles. Where check-out aisles are provided, check-out aisles complying with 

V904.3 shall be provided in accordance with Table V227.2. Where check-out aisles serve different 

functions, check-out aisles complying with V904.3 shall be provided in accordance with Table V227.2 for 

each function. Where check-out aisles are dispersed throughout the passenger vessel or facility, checkout aisles complying with V904.3 shall be dispersed.

EXCEPTION: Where the selling space is under 5,000 square feet (465 m2) no more than one 

check-out aisle complying with V904.3 shall be required. 
Table V227.2 Accessible Check-Out Aisles

Number of Check-Out Aisles of Each Function Minimum Number of Check-Out Aisles of Each 

Function Required to Comply with V904.3

1 to 4 1

5 to 8 2

9 to 15 3

16 and over 3, plus 20 percent of additional aisles

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V227.2.1 Altered Check-Out Aisles. Where check-out aisles are altered, at least one of each 

check-out aisle serving each function shall comply with V904.3 until the number of check-out aisles 

complies with V227.2.

V227.3 Counters. Where provided in a space, at least one of each type of sales counter and service 

counter shall comply with V904.4. 

EXCEPTION: Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2) and the employee 

side of the counter is 80 inches (2030 mm) or less in linear length, the counter shall not be required 

to comply with V227.3. 

Advisory V227.3 Counters. One continuous counter can be used to provide different types 

of service. For example, order and pick-up are different services. It would not be 

acceptable to provide access only to the part of the counter where orders are taken when 

orders are picked-up at a different location on the same counter. Both the order and pick-up 

section of the counter must be accessible.

 

V227.4 Food Service Lines. Food service lines shall comply with V904.5. Where self-service shelves 

are provided, at least 50 percent, but no fewer than one, of each type provided shall comply with V308.

V227.5 Queues and Waiting Lines. Queues and waiting lines servicing counters or check-out aisles 

required to comply with V904.3 or V904.4 shall comply with V403.

V228 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, and Mail Boxes

V228.1 General. Where provided, at least one of each type of depository, vending machine, and 

change machine shall comply with V309.

V228.2 Mail Boxes. Where mail boxes are provided in an interior location, at least 5 percent, but no 

fewer than one, of each type shall comply with V309.

V229 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 

V229.1 General. Where dressing rooms, fitting rooms, or locker rooms are provided, at least 5 percent, 

but no fewer than one, of each type of use in each cluster provided shall comply with V803.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V2: SCOPING REQUIREMENTS

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EXCEPTION: In alterations, where it is technically infeasible to provide rooms in accordance with 

V229.1, one room for each sex on each level shall comply with V803. Where only unisex rooms are 

provided, unisex rooms shall be permitted.

V229.2 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in dressing, fitting or 

locker rooms without individual compartments, at least one of each type shall comply with V803.5. 

Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in individual compartments at least one of each type 

complying with V803.5 shall be provided in individual compartments in dressing, fitting, or locker rooms 

required to comply with V229.1.

V230 Exercise Machines and Equipment

V230.1 General. At least one of each type of exercise machine and equipment shall comply with 

V1002. 

V231 Miniature Golf Facilities

V231.1 General. Miniature golf facilities shall comply with V231.

V231.2 Minimum Number. At least 50 percent of holes on miniature golf courses shall comply with 

V1003.3. 

Advisory V231.2 Minimum Number. Where possible, providing access to all holes on a 

miniature golf course is recommended. If a course is designed with the minimum 50 percent 

accessible holes, designers or operators are encouraged to select holes which provide for 

an equivalent experience to the maximum extent possible.

 

V231.3 Miniature Golf Course Configuration. Miniature golf courses shall be configured so that the 

holes complying with V1003.3 are consecutive. Miniature golf courses shall provide an onboard 

accessible route from the last hole complying with V1003.3 to the course entrance or exit without 

requiring travel through any other holes on the course.

EXCEPTION: One break in the sequence of consecutive holes shall be permitted if the last hole on 

the miniature golf course is the last hole in the sequence. 

Advisory V230.1 General. Most strength training equipment and machines are considered 

different types. Where operators provide a biceps curl machine and cable-cross-over 

machine, both machines are required to meet the provisions in section V230.1, even though 

an individual may be able to work on their biceps through both types of equipment.

Similarly, there are many types of cardiovascular exercise machines, such as stationary 

bicycles, rowing machines, stair climbers, and treadmills. Each machine provides a 

cardiovascular exercise and is considered a different type for purposes of these 

requirements.
Advisory V231.3 Miniature Golf Course Configuration. Where only the minimum 50 

percent of the holes are accessible, an accessible route from the last accessible hole to the 

course exit or entrance must not require travel back through other holes. In some cases, 

this may require an additional accessible route. Other options include increasing the 

number of accessible holes in a way that limits the distance needed to connect the last 

accessible hole with the course exit or entrance. 

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V232 Play Areas

V232.1 General. Play areas for children ages 2 and over shall comply with V232. Where separate play 

areas are provided for specific age groups, each play area shall comply with V232.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. In existing play areas, where play components are relocated for the purposes of 

creating safe use zones and the ground surface is not altered or extended for more than one use 

zone, the play area shall not be required to comply with V232.

2. Where play components are altered and the ground surface is not altered, the ground surface 

shall not be required to comply with V1004.2.6.

V232.2 Play Components. Where provided, play components shall comply with V232.2 and V1004.

V232.2.1 Ground Level Play Components. Ground level play components shall be provided in the 

number and types required by V232.2.1. Ground level play components that are provided to comply 

with V232.2.1.1 shall be permitted to satisfy the additional number required by V232.2.1.2 if the 

minimum required types of play components are satisfied. Where two or more required ground level 

play components are provided, they shall be dispersed throughout the play area and integrated with 

other play components. 

Advisory V232.2.1 Ground Level Play Components. The term “ground level” is used in 

this document and refers to the base level of a playground. Assistance material written for 

landside applications is available at www.access-board.gov and can aid in applying the play 

area provisions to passenger vessels.

 

V232.2.1.1 Minimum Number and Types. Where ground level play components are provided, 

at least one of each type shall be on an onboard accessible route and shall comply with V1004.4.

V232.2.1.2 Additional Number and Types. Where elevated play components are provided, 

ground level play components shall be provided in accordance with Table V232.2.1.2 and shall 

comply with V1004.4.

EXCEPTION: If at least 50 percent of the elevated play components are connected by a 

ramp and at least 3 of the elevated play components connected by the ramp are different 

types of play components, the play area shall not be required to comply with V232.2.1.2. 
Table V232.2.1.2 Number and Types of Ground Level Play Components Required to be on 

an Onboard Accessible Route

Number of Elevated Play 

Components Provided

Minimum Number of Ground 

Level Play Components 

Required to be on an Onboard 

Accessible Route

Minimum Number of Different 

Types of Ground Level Play 

Components Required to be on 

an Onboard Accessible Route

1 Not applicable Not applicable

2 to 4 1 1

5 to 7 2 2

8 to 10 3 3

11 to 13 4 3

14 to 16 5 3

17 to 19 6 3

20 to 22 7 4

23 to 25 8 4

26 and over 8, plus 1 for each additional 3, 

or fraction thereof, over 25

5

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V232.2.2 Elevated Play Components. Where elevated play components are provided, at least 50 

percent shall be on an onboard accessible route and shall comply with V1004.4.

V233 Saunas and Steam Rooms

V233.1 General. Where provided, saunas and steam rooms shall comply with V612.

EXCEPTION: Where saunas or steam rooms are clustered at a single location, no more than 5 

percent of the saunas and steam rooms, but no fewer than one, of each type in each cluster shall be 

required to comply with V612.

V234 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas

V234.1 General. Swimming pools, wading pools, and spas shall comply with V234.

V234.2 Swimming Pools. At least one swimming pool lift complying with V1005.2 shall be provided for 

each swimming pool.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Catch pools shall not be required to comply with V234.2 if the catch pool edge is 

on an onboard accessible route.

2. Where swimming pools are provided in a cluster and at least one of each type of pool in the 

cluster has a swimming pool lift complying with V1005.2, the other pools in the cluster shall be 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

105 

permitted to provide transfer walls complying with V1005.4; transfer systems complying with 

V1005.5; or pool stairs complying with V1005.6. 

V234.3 Wading Pools. At least one accessible means of entry shall be provided for wading pools. 

Accessible means of entry shall comply with sloped entries complying with V1005.3 or transfer systems 

complying with V1005.5.

V234.4 Spas. At least one accessible means of entry shall be provided for spas. Accessible means of 

entry shall comply with swimming pool lifts complying with V1005.2; transfer walls complying with 

V1005.4; or transfer systems complying with V1005.5.

EXCEPTION: Where spas are provided in a cluster, no more than 5 percent, but no fewer than one, 

spa in each cluster shall be required to comply with V234.4.

V235 Shooting Facilities

V235.1 General. Where shooting facilities with firing positions are designed and constructed, at least 5 

percent, but no fewer than one, of each type of firing position shall comply with V1006.

V236 Gaming and Arcade Machines

V236.1 General. Where gaming and arcade machines are provided, at least 5 percent, but no fewer 

than one, of each type shall comply with V309.

V237 Binoculars

V237.1 General. Where post-mounted binoculars are provided, at least 5 percent, but no fewer than 

one, of each type shall comply with V309.
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Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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CHAPTER V3: BUILDING BLOCKS

V301 General

V301.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 3 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where 

referenced by a requirement in this document.

V302 Deck Surfaces

V302.1 General. Deck surfaces shall be stable, firm, and slip resistant and shall comply with V302. 

EXCEPTIONS: Areas of sport activity shall not be required to comply with V302. 

Advisory V302.1 General. A stable surface is one that remains unchanged by 

contaminants or applied force, so that when the contaminant or force is removed, the 

surface returns to its original condition. A firm surface resists deformation by either 

indentations or particles moving on its surface. A slip-resistant surface provides sufficient 

frictional counterforce to the forces exerted in walking to permit safe ambulation.

 

V302.2 Carpet. Carpet or carpet tile shall be securely attached and shall have a firm cushion, or 

backing or no cushion. Carpet or carpet tile shall have a level loop, textured loop, level cut pile, or level 

cut/uncut pile texture. Pile height shall be 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) maximum. Exposed edges of carpet shall be 

fastened to deck surfaces and shall have trim on the entire length of the exposed edge. Carpet edge 

trim shall comply with V303. 

Advisory V302.2 Carpet. Carpets and permanently affixed mats can significantly increase 

the amount of force (roll resistance) needed to propel a wheelchair over a surface. The 

firmer the carpeting and backing, the lower the roll resistance. A pile thickness up to 1⁄2 inch 

(13 mm) (measured to the backing, or cushion (e.g., padding) if no backing is provided) is 

allowed, although a lower pile provides easier wheelchair maneuvering. If a backing or 

cushion is used, it must be firm. Preferably, carpet cushion should not be used because the 

soft cushioning increases roll resistance. 

 

Figure V302.2

Carpet Pile Height

V302.3 Openings. Openings in deck surfaces shall not allow passage of a sphere more than 1⁄2 inch (13 

mm) in diameter except as allowed in V407.4.3 and V409.4. Elongated openings shall be placed so that 

the long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel.
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EXCEPTIONS: 1. Vehicle tie-downs that are flush with the deck surface and are not located within 

an onboard accessible route shall not be required to comply with V302.3.

2. Where the administrative authority determines that larger openings are needed for deck drainage, 

openings not located within an accessible route shall be permitted to be increased, if the size shall 

not allow passage of a sphere more than 3⁄4 inch (19 mm) in diameter. 

Figure V302.3

Elongated Openings in Deck Surfaces

V303 Changes in Level

V303.1 General. Where changes in level are permitted in deck surfaces, they shall comply with V303.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Areas of sport activity shall not be required to comply with V303.

2. Vehicle tie-downs that are flush with the deck surface and are not located within an accessible 

route shall not be required to comply with V303.

V303.2 Vertical. Changes in level of 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) high maximum shall be permitted to be vertical.

Figure V303.2

Vertical Change in Level
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V303.3 Beveled. Changes in level between 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) high minimum and 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) high 

maximum shall be beveled with a slope not steeper than 1:2. 

Advisory V303.3 Beveled. A change in level of 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) is permitted to be 1⁄4 inch 

(6.4 mm) vertical plus 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) beveled. However, in no case may the combined 

change in level exceed 1⁄2 inch (13 mm). Changes in level exceeding 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) must 

comply with V405 (Ramps) or V406 (Curb Ramps). 

 

Figure V303.3

Beveled Change in Level

V303.4 Ramps. Changes in level greater than 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) high shall be ramped, and shall comply 

with V405 or V406.

V304 Turning Space

V304.1 General. Turning space shall comply with V304.

V304.2 Deck Surfaces. Deck surfaces of a turning space shall comply with V302. Changes in level are 

not permitted.

EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted. 

Advisory V304.2 Deck Surfaces Exception. As used in this section, the phrase “changes 

in level” refers to surfaces with slopes and to surfaces with an abrupt rise exceeding that 

permitted in Section V303.3. Such changes in level are prohibited in required clear deck 

spaces, turning spaces, and in similar spaces where people using wheelchairs and other 

mobility devices must park their mobility aids such as in wheelchair spaces, or maneuver to 

use elements such as at doors, fixtures, and telephones. The exception permits slopes not 

steeper than 1:48.

V304.3 Size. Turning space shall comply with V304.3.1 or V304.3.2.

V304.3.1 Circular Space. The turning space shall be a space of 60 inches (1525 mm) diameter 

minimum. The space shall be permitted to include knee and toe clearance complying with V306.

V304.3.2 T-Shaped Space. The turning space shall be a T-shaped space within a 60 inch (1525 

mm) square minimum with arms and base 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum. Each arm of the T 

shall be clear of obstructions 12 inches (305 mm) minimum in each direction and the base shall be 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V3: BUILDING BLOCKS

110

clear of obstructions 24 inches (610 mm) minimum. The space shall be permitted to include knee 

and toe clearance complying with V306 only at the end of either the base or one arm. 

Figure V304.3.2

T-Shaped Turning Space

 

V304.4 Door Swing. Doors shall be permitted to swing into turning spaces.

V305 Clear Deck Space

V305.1 General. Clear deck space shall comply with V305.

V305.2 Deck Surfaces. Deck surfaces of a clear deck space shall comply with V302. Changes in level 

are not permitted.

EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.

V305.3 Size. The clear deck space shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) 

minimum. 
Figure V305.3

Clear Deck Space

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V305.4 Knee and Toe Clearance. Unless otherwise specified, clear deck space shall be permitted to 

include knee and toe clearance complying with V306.

V305.5 Position. Unless otherwise specified, clear deck space shall be positioned for either forward or 

parallel approach to an element. 

Figure V305.5

Position of Clear Deck Space

 

V305.6 Approach. One full unobstructed side of the clear deck space shall adjoin an accessible route 

or adjoin another clear deck space.

V305.7 Maneuvering Clearance. Where a clear deck space is confined on all or part of three sides, 

additional maneuvering clearance shall be provided in accordance with V305.7.
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V305.7.1 Forward Approach. Where the clear deck space is approached at the short side, the 

space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum where the depth of the confined clear deck space 

exceeds 24 inches (610 mm). 

Figure V305.7.1

Maneuvering Clearance in an Alcove, Forward Approach

 

V305.7.2 Parallel Approach. Where the clear deck space is approached at the long side, the space 

shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum where the depth of the confined clear deck space 

exceeds 15 inches (380 mm). 

Figure V305.7.2

Maneuvering Clearance in an Alcove, Parallel Approach

 

V306 Knee and Toe Clearance

V306.1 General. Where space beneath an element is included as part of clear deck space or turning 

space, the space shall comply with V306. Additional space shall not be prohibited beneath an element 

but shall not be considered as part of the clear deck space or turning space. 

Advisory V306.1 General. Clearances are measured in relation to the usable clear deck 

space, not necessarily to the vertical support for an element. When determining clearance 

under an object for required turning or maneuvering space, care should be taken to ensure 

the space is clear of any obstructions.

 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V306.2 Toe Clearance.

V306.2.1 General. Space under an element between the finish deck surface and 9 inches (230 mm) 

above the finish deck surface shall be considered toe clearance and shall comply with V306.2.

V306.2.2 Maximum Depth. Toe clearance shall extend 25 inches (635 mm) maximum under an 

element.

V306.2.3 Minimum Required Depth. Where toe clearance is required at an element as part of a 

clear deck space, the toe clearance shall extend 17 inches (430 mm) minimum under the element.

V306.2.4 Additional Clearance. Space extending greater than 6 inches (150 mm) beyond the 

available knee clearance at 9 inches (230 mm) above the finish deck surface shall not be considered 

toe clearance.

V306.2.5 Width. Toe clearance shall be 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum. 

Figure V306.2

Toe Clearance

 

V306.3 Knee Clearance.

V306.3.1 General. Space under an element between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685 mm) 

above the finish deck surface shall be considered knee clearance and shall comply with V306.3.

V306.3.2 Maximum Depth. Knee clearance shall extend 25 inches (635 mm) maximum under an 

element at 9 inches (230 mm) above the finish deck surface.

V306.3.3 Minimum Required Depth. Where knee clearance is required under an element as part 

of a clear deck space, the knee clearance shall be 11 inches (280 mm) deep minimum at 9 inches 

(230 mm) above the finish deck surface, and 8 inches (205 mm) deep minimum at 27 inches (685 

mm) above the finish deck surface.
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V306.3.4 Clearance Reduction. Between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685 mm) above the 

finish deck surface, the knee clearance shall be permitted to reduce at a rate of 1 inch (25 mm) in 

depth for each 6 inches (150 mm) in height.

V306.3.5 Width. Knee clearance shall be 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum. 

Figure V306.3

Knee Clearance

 

V307 Protruding Objects

V307.1 General. Protruding objects shall comply with V307.

V307.2 Protrusion Limits. Objects with leading edges more than 27 inches (685 mm) and not more 

than 80 inches (2030 mm) above the finish deck surface shall protrude 4 inches (100 mm) maximum 

horizontally into the circulation path.

EXCEPTION: Handrails shall be permitted to protrude 41⁄2 inches (115 mm) maximum. 

Advisory V307.2 Protrusion Limits. When a cane is used and the element is in the 

detectable range, it gives a person sufficient time to detect the element with the cane before 

there is body contact. Elements located on circulation paths, including operable elements, 

must comply with requirements for protruding objects. For example, awnings and their 

supporting structures cannot reduce the minimum required vertical clearance.

 
Figure V307.2

Limits of Protruding Objects

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V307.3 Required Clear Width. Protruding objects shall not reduce the clear width required for onboard 

accessible routes.

V307.4 Vertical Clearance. Vertical clearance shall be 80 inches (2030 mm) high minimum. Guardrails 

or other barriers shall be provided where the vertical clearance is less than 80 inches (2030 mm) high. 

The leading edge of such guardrail or barrier shall be located 27 inches (685 mm) maximum above the 

finish deck surface. 

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to be 78 inches (1980 mm) 

minimum above the finish deck surface.

2. Where doors are required by the administrative authority to have coamings, measurements shall 

be permitted to be taken from the finish deck surface adjacent to the coamings and not the top of the 

coamings. 
Figure V307.4

Vertical Clearance

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V308 Reach Ranges

V308.1 General. Reach ranges shall comply with V308. 

Advisory V308.1 General. The following table provides guidance on reach ranges for 

children according to age where vessel elements such as coat hooks, lockers, or operable 

parts are designed for use primarily by children. These dimensions apply to either forward 

or side reaches. Accessible elements and operable parts designed for adult use or children 

over age 12 can be located outside these ranges but must be within the adult reach ranges 

required by V308.

 

Children's Reach Ranges

Forward or Side 

Reach Ages 3 and 4 Ages 5 through 8 Ages 9 through 12

High (maximum) 36 in (915 mm) 40 in (1015 mm) 44 in (1120 mm)

Low (minimum) 20 in (510 mm) 18 in (455 mm) 16 in (405 mm)

V308.2 Forward Reach.

V308.2.1 Unobstructed. Where a forward reach is unobstructed, the high forward reach shall be 48 

inches (1220 mm) maximum and the low forward reach shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum above 

the finish deck surface. 
Figure V308.2.1

Unobstructed Forward Reach

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V308.2.2 Obstructed High Reach. Where a high forward reach is over an obstruction, the clear 

deck space shall extend beneath the element for a distance not less than the required reach depth 

over the obstruction. The high forward reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum where the 

reach depth is 20 inches (510 mm) maximum. Where the reach depth exceeds 20 inches (510 mm), 

the high forward reach shall be 44 inches (1120 mm) maximum and the reach depth shall be 25 

inches (635 mm) maximum. 

Figure V308.2.2

Obstructed High Forward Reach

V308.3 Side Reach.

V308.3.1 Unobstructed. Where a clear deck space allows a parallel approach to an element and 

the side reach is unobstructed, the high side reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum and the 

low side reach shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum above the finish deck surface.

EXCEPTION: An obstruction shall be permitted between the clear deck space and the element 

where the depth of the obstruction is 10 inches (255 mm) maximum. 
Figure V308.3.1

Unobstructed Side Reach

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V308.3.2 Obstructed High Reach. Where a clear deck space allows a parallel approach to an 

element and the high side reach is over an obstruction, the height of the obstruction shall be 34 

inches (865 mm) maximum and the depth of the obstruction shall be 24 inches (610 mm) maximum. 

The high side reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 10 inches (255 

mm) maximum. Where the reach depth exceeds 10 inches (255 mm), the high side reach shall be 

46 inches (1170 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum.

EXCEPTION: The top of washing machines and clothes dryers shall be permitted to be 36 

inches (915 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface. 

Figure V308.3.2

Obstructed High Side Reach

 

V309 Operable Parts

V309.1 General. Operable parts shall comply with V309.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V309.2 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 shall be provided.

V309.3 Height. Operable parts shall be placed within one or more of the reach ranges specified in 

V308.

V309.4 Operation. Operable parts shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, 

pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate operable parts shall be 5 pounds (22.2 N) 

maximum.
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CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND 

ACCESSIBLE PASSENGER BOARDING SYSTEMS

V401 General

V401.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 4 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where 

referenced by a requirement in this document.

V402 Components

V402.1 Accessible Routes. Onboard accessible routes shall consist of one or more of the following 

components: 

(a) walking surfaces with a running slope not steeper than 1:20 complying with V403, 

(b) doors, doorways, and gates complying with V404, 

(c) ramps complying with V405, 

(d) curb ramps complying with V406, 

(e) elevators complying with V407, 

(f) elevators, where permitted by V206.6, complying with 408, and

(g) platform lifts, where permitted by V206.7, complying with V409.

V402.2 Accessible Passenger Boarding Systems. Accessible passenger boarding systems shall 

consist of one or more of the following components:

(a) walking surfaces with a running slope not steeper than 1:20 complying with V403;

(b) doors and doorways complying with V404;

(c) ramps complying with V405;

(d) elevators complying with V407 or V408; 

(e) platform lifts complying with V409; 

(f) gangways complying with V410; and

(g) manually powered boarding lifts complying with V411.

V403 Walking Surfaces

V403.1 General. Walking surfaces with running slopes not steeper than1:20 shall comply with V403. 

Walking surfaces on vehicle decks shall be permitted to overlap vehicle ways.

V403.2 Deck Surface. Deck surfaces shall comply with V302.

V403.3 Slope. The running slope of walking surfaces shall not be steeper than 1:20. The cross slope of 

walking surfaces shall not be steeper than 1:48.

V403.4 Changes in Level. Changes in level shall comply with V303.

V403.5 Clearances. Walking surfaces shall provide clearances complying with V403.5.

V403.5.1 Clear Width. Except as provided in V403.5.2 and V403.5.3, the clear width of walking 

surfaces shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN122

EXCEPTIONS: 1. The clear width shall be permitted to be reduced to 32 inches (815 mm) 

minimum for a length of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum, if reduced width segments are separated 

by segments that are 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) wide 

minimum.

2. Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), the walking surface shall be 

permitted to have a clear width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum.

3. Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), fold-down seats complying 

with V309 shall be permitted to project into walking surface clearances when in the down 

position. 

Advisory V403.5.1 Clear Width Exception 3. Although the exception allows fold-down 

seats to project into walking surfaces, the administrative authority may not allow such 

projections or may limit the amount of projection if the walking surface subject to this 

document is also part of a means of escape required by the administrative authority.

 

Figure V403.5.1

Clear Width of Walking Surface

 

V403.5.2 Clear Width at Turn.

V403.5.2.1 Clear Width at 180 Degree Turn. Where the walking surface makes a 180 degree 

turn around an element which is less than 48 inches (1220 mm) wide, clear width shall be 42 

inches (1065 mm) minimum approaching the turn, 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum at the turn and 

42 inches (1065 mm) minimum leaving the turn.

EXCEPTION: Where the clear width at the turn is 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum,V403.5.2.1 

shall not apply. 
Figure V403.5.2.1

Clear Width at 180 DegreeTurn

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123 

V403.5.2.2 Clear Width at 90 Degree Turn. Where the walking surface is less than 36 inches 

(915 mm) wide and makes a 90 degree turn, an L-shaped space shall be provided with one 

stroke 90 inches (2285 mm) minimum in length having a width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum 

and the other stroke 56 inches (1420 mm) minimum in length having a width of 42 inches (1065 

mm) minimum.

V403.5.3 Passing Spaces. A walking surface with a clear width less than 60 inches (1525 mm) 

shall provide passing spaces at intervals of 200 feet (61 m) maximum. Passing spaces shall be 

either: a space 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum; or, an intersection 

of two walking surfaces providing a T-shaped space complying with V304.3.2 where the base and 

arms of the T-shaped space extend 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum beyond the intersection.

V403.6 Handrails. Where handrails are provided along walking surfaces with running slopes not 

steeper than 1:20, handrails shall comply with V503.

V404 Doors, Doorways, and Gates

V404.1 General. Doors, doorways, and gates shall comply with V404.

EXCEPTION: Where doors, doorways, and gates are intended to be operated only by employees, 

they shall not be required to:
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN124

1. Provide the portion of the maneuvering clearance beyond the latch side of the door specified in 

V404.2.4; or

2. Comply with V404.2.7, V404.2.8, V404.2.9, V404.3.2 and V404.3.4 through V404.3.7. 

Advisory V404.1 General Exception. Employees must have sole control of doors that are 

eligible for this exception. It would not be acceptable for employees to operate the doors for 

people with disabilities while allowing other passengers to have independent access.

 

V404.2 Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates. Manual doors and doorways and manual gates 

intended for user passage shall comply with V404.2.

V404.2.1 Revolving Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles. Revolving doors, revolving gates, and 

turnstiles shall not be part of an accessible route.

V404.2.2 Double-Leaf Doors and Gates. At least one of the active leaves of doorways with two 

leaves shall comply with V404.2.3 and V404.2.4.

EXCEPTION: At doorways intended to be operated only by employees at entry and departure 

points, and at vessel evacuation points, V404.2.2 shall not apply.

V404.2.3 Clear Width. Door openings shall provide a clear width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum. 

Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door 

and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees. Openings more than 24 inches (610 mm) deep shall 

provide a clear opening of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum. There shall be no projections into the 

required clear opening width lower than 34 inches (865 mm) above the finish deck surface. 

Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (865 mm) and 80 inches (2030 mm) 

above the finish deck surface shall not exceed 4 inches (100 mm).

EXCEPTIONS: 1. In alterations, a projection of 5/8 inch (16 mm) maximum into the required 

clear width shall be permitted for the latch side stop.

2. Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to be 78 inches (1980 mm) minimum above 

the finish deck surface.

3. The clear width of doors to stairways shall be permitted to comply with the applicable 

requirements of the administrative authority. 

Figure V404.2.3

Clear Width of Doorways

 
Advisory V404.2.3 Clear Width. Where doors have radius corners, doors may have to be 

wider to provide a 32 inch (815 mm) minimum clear opening width at the bottom of the 

doors. 

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

125 

V404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances. Minimum maneuvering clearances at doors and gates shall 

comply with V404.2.4. Maneuvering clearances shall extend the full width of the doorway and the 

required latch side or hinge side clearance.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Entry doors to medical facility patient rooms shall not be required to provide 

the clearance beyond the latch side of the door.

2. Maneuvering clearances shall not be required on the outboard side of doors and gates at 

entry and departure points that are required to be accessible.

3. Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), fold-down seats when in the 

down position shall be permitted to project into maneuvering clearances for doors and gates 

intended to be operated only by employees.

V404.2.4.1 Swinging Doors and Gates. Swinging doors and gates shall have maneuvering 

clearances complying with Table V404.2.4.1. 

Table V404.2.4.1 Maneuvering Clearances at Manual Swinging Doors and Gates

Types of Use Minimum Maneuvering Clearance

Approach Direction Door or Gate Side Perpendicular to 

Doorway

Parallel to Doorway 

(beyond latch side 

unless noted)

From front Pull 60 inches (1525 mm) 18 inches (455 mm)

From front Push 48 inches (1220 mm) 0 inches (0 mm)1

1. Add 12 inches (305 mm) if closer and latch are provided.

From hinge side Pull 60 inches (1525 mm) 36 inches (915 mm)

From hinge side Pull 54 inches (1370 mm) 42 inches (1065 mm)

From hinge side Push 42 inches (1065 mm)2

2. Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer and latch are provided.

22 inches (560 mm)3

3. Beyond hinge side.

From latch side Pull 48 inches (1220 mm)4

4. Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer is provided.

24 inches (610 mm)

From latch side Push 42 inches (1065 mm)4 24 inches (610 mm)

 
Figure V404.2.4.1

Maneuvering Clearances at Manual Swinging Doors and Gates

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN126
Figure V404.2.4.1

Maneuvering Clearances at Manual Swinging Doors and Gates

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

127 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN128

V404.2.4.2 Doorways without Doors or Gates, Sliding Doors, and Folding Doors. 

Doorways less than 36 inches (915 mm) wide without doors or gates, sliding doors, or folding 

doors shall have maneuvering clearances complying with Table V404.2.4.2. 

Table V404.2.4.2 Maneuvering Clearances at Doorways without Doors or Gates, Manual 

Sliding Doors, and Manual Folding Doors

Minimum Maneuvering Clearance

Approach Direction Perpendicular to Doorway Parallel to Doorway (beyond 

stop/latch side unless noted)

From front 48 inches (1220 mm) 0 inches (0 mm)

From side1

1. Doorway with no door only.

42 inches (1065 mm) 0 inches (0 mm)

From pocket/hinge side 42 inches (1065 mm) 22 inches (560 mm)2

2. Beyond pocket/hinge side.

From stop/latch side 42 inches (1065 mm) 24 inches (610 mm)

 

Figure V404.2.4.2

Maneuvering Clearances at Doorways without Doors, Sliding Doors, Gates, and Folding Doors
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

129 

V404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates. Maneuvering clearances for forward approach shall 

be provided when any obstruction within 18 inches (455 mm) of the latch side of a doorway 

projects more than 8 inches (205 mm) beyond the face of the door, measured perpendicular to 

the face of the door or gate. 

Advisory V404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates. A door can be recessed due to 

placement of casework, and other fixed elements adjacent to the doorway. This provision 

must be applied wherever doors are recessed.

 

Figure V404.2.4.3

Maneuvering Clearances at Recessed Doors and Gates

 

V404.2.4.4 Deck Surface. Deck surface within required maneuvering clearances shall comply 

with V302. Changes in level are not permitted.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted. 

2. Changes in level at thresholds and coamings complying with V404.2.5 shall be permitted.

V404.2.5 Thresholds and Coamings. Doorways without coamings shall comply with V404.2.5.1. 

Doorways with coamings shall comply with V404.2.5.2.

EXCEPTION: Where required by the administrative authority to meet weathertight door sealing 

requirements, weathertight doors shall be permitted to have non-beveled thresholds 3⁄4 inch (19 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN130

mm) high maximum on the sealing side of the doors provided that the thresholds contrast visually 

with adjacent deck surfaces either light-on-dark or dark-on-light. 

Advisory V404.2.5 Exception. This exception can be used at doorways without coamings, 

and doorways with coamings where single ramp access complying with V404.2.5.2.1 or 

double ramp access and automatic doors complying with V404.2.5.2.2 are provided. Before 

using this exception at doorways with coamings where single ramp access or double ramp 

access and automatic doors are provided, it is recommended that alternatives be explored 

with the administrative authority such as installing drainage systems where weathertight 

doors seal against the top of ramp surfaces. 

 

Figure V404.2.5

Thresholds

 

V404.2.5.1 Doorways without Coamings. Where provided at doorways without coamings, 

thresholds shall be 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) high maximum. Raised thresholds and changes in level at 

doorways shall comply with V302 and V303.

EXCEPTION: Existing or altered thresholds 3⁄4 inch (19 mm) high maximum that have a 

beveled edge on each side with a slope not steeper than 1:2 shall not be required to comply 

with V404.2.5.1.

V404.2.5.2 Doorways with Coamings. Where the administrative authority requires doorways to 

have coamings, the coaming shall conform to the minimum coaming height determined by the 

administrative authority and the doorways shall comply with V404.2.5.2.1 or with V404.2.5.2.2. 

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where ramps are provided at doorways with coamings, the landing at the 

top of the ramps specified in V405.7 shall not be required.

2. Where the administrative authority permits coamings to be removable, doorways shall not 

be required to comply with V404.2.5.2 provided that: (a) the thresholds are readily removable 

by employees; (b) the doors are only employee operated; and (c) the weather deck areas 

accessed by the doors are not open to passengers when the vessel is underway, except in 

emergencies.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

131 

3. Where the administrative authority determines that it is not feasible to comply with 

V404.2.5.2 due to space limitations and watertight doors are provided instead of weathertight 

doors, the thresholds on the side of the watertight doors containing the door seal are 

permitted to have non-beveled thresholds 11⁄4 inches (32 mm) high maximum provided that 

the thresholds contrast visually with adjacent deck surfaces either light-on-dark or dark-onlight.

V404.2.5.2.1 Single Ramp Access. Doorways with coamings shall provide single ramp 

access complying with V404.2.5.2.1. 

V404.2.5.2.1.1 Side with Ramp. A ramp complying with V405 shall be provided on the 

side of the doorway to be protected from water infiltration. The ramp width shall be equal 

to or greater than the width of the maneuvering clearances required by V404.2.2.4.

EXCEPTION: Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), the 

slope of the ramp run at doorways with coamings that provide single ramp access 

shall be permitted to comply with Table V405.2.

V404.2.5.2.1.2 Side without Ramp. On the side of the doorway without a ramp, 

changes in level are not permitted within the maneuvering clearances required by 

V404.2.2.4.

EXCEPTION: Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), 

maneuvering clearances specified in V404.2.4 shall be permitted to be 48 inches 

(1220 mm) minimum in depth on the side of the doorway without a ramp. 

Figure V404.2.5.2.1(a)

Single Ramp Access
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN132

V404.2.5.2.2 Double Ramp Access and Automatic Doors. Doorways with coamings shall 

provide double ramp access and automatic doors complying with V404.2.5.2.2. 

V404.2.5.2.2.1 Double Ramps. Ramps complying with V405 shall be provided on each 

side of the doorway. The ramp width shall be equal to or greater than the width of the 

maneuvering clearances required by V404.2.2.4.

V404.2.5.2.2.2 Automatic Doors. Automatic doors complying with V404.3 shall be 

provided at doorways with double ramp access at coamings. 

EXCEPTION: Where the doors are intended to be operated only by employees, the 

doors shall not be required to be automatic. 

V404.2.6 Doors in Series and Gates in Series. The distance between two hinged or pivoted doors 

in series and gates in series shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum plus the width of doors or gates 

swinging into the space. 

Figure V404.2.5.2.1(b)

Single Ramp Access

Figure V404.2.5.2.2

Double Ramp Access and Automatic Doors
Figure V404.2.6

Doors in Series and Gates in Series

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

133 

V404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware. Handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operable parts on 

doors and gates shall comply with V309.4. Operable parts of such hardware shall be 34 inches (865 

mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface. Where sliding 

doors are in the fully open position, operating hardware shall be exposed and usable from both 

sides.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where the administrative authority has determined that forces greater than 5 

pounds (22.2 N) are necessary for hardware on fire doors, watertight doors, or other doors, the 

maximum force shall be permitted to be established by the administrative authority for such 

doors.

2. Access gates in barrier walls and fences protecting pools, spas, and hot tubs shall be 

permitted to have operable parts of the release of latch on self-latching devices at 54 inches 

(1370 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface provided that the self-latching devices are 

not also self-locking devices and operated by means of a key, electronic opener, or integral 

combination lock.

3. In alterations, existing locks shall be permitted in any location at existing glazed doors without 

stiles, existing overhead rolling doors or grilles, and similar existing doors or grilles with locks that 

are activated only at the top or bottom rail. 
Advisory V404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware. Door hardware that can be operated with a 

closed fist or a loose grip accommodates the greatest range of users. Hardware that 

requires simultaneous hand and finger movements require greater dexterity and 

coordination, and is not recommended.

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN134

V404.2.8 Closing Speed. Door and gate closing speed shall comply with V404.2.8.

V404.2.8.1 Door Closers and Gate Closers. Door closers and gate closers shall be adjusted 

so that from an open position of 90 degrees, the time required to move the door to a position of 

12 degrees from the latch is 5 seconds minimum.

V404.2.8.2 Spring Hinges. Door and gate spring hinges shall be adjusted so that from the open 

position of 70 degrees, the door or gate shall move to the closed position in 1.5 seconds 

minimum.

V404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force. Door and gate opening forces shall comply with 

V404.2.9.

EXCEPTION: Doors on sailing vessels shall not be required to comply with V404.2.9.

V404.2.9.1 Fire and Watertight Doors. Fire doors and watertight doors shall have the minimum 

opening force determined by the administrative authority. 

V404.2.9.2 Gates and Other Doors. At gates and doors other than fire and watertight doors, the 

force for pushing or pulling open interior and exterior sliding and folding doors, and interior 

hinged doors and gates, shall be 5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum.

EXCEPTION: Where the administrative authority determines that forces greater than 5 

pounds (22.2 N) are necessary, the maximum opening force shall be permitted to be 

established by the administrative authority. 

Advisory V404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force. The maximum force pertains to the 

continuous application of force necessary to fully open a door, not the initial force needed to 

overcome the inertia of the door. It does not apply to the force required to retract bolts or to 

disengage other devices used to keep the door in a closed position.

 

V404.2.10 Door and Gate Surfaces. Swinging door and gate surfaces within 10 inches (255 mm) 

of the finish deck surface measured vertically shall have a smooth surface on the push side 

extending the full width of the door or gate. Parts creating horizontal or vertical joints in these 

surfaces shall be within 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of the same plane as the other. Cavities created by 

added kick plates shall be capped.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Sliding doors shall not be required to comply with V404.2.10.

2. Tempered glass doors without stiles that have a bottom rail or shoe with the top leading edge 

tapered at 60 degrees minimum from the horizontal shall not be required to meet the 10 inch (255 

mm) bottom smooth surface height requirement.

3. Doors and gates that do not extend to within 10 inches (255 mm) of the finish deck surface 

shall not be required to comply with V404.2.10.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

135 

4. In alterations, existing doors and gates without smooth surfaces within 10 inches (255 mm) of 

the finish deck surface shall not be required to provide smooth surfaces complying with 

V404.2.10 provided that, if added kick plates are installed, cavities created by such kick plates 

are capped. 

V404.2.11 Vision Lights. Doors, gates, and side lights adjacent to doors or gates, containing one or 

more glazing panels that permit viewing through the panels shall have the bottom of at least one 

glazed panel located 43 inches (1090 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.

EXCEPTION: Vision lights with the lowest part more than 66 inches (1675 mm) from the finish 

deck surface shall not be required to comply with V404.2.11.

V404.3 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates. Automatic doors and automatic gates shall 

comply with V404.3. 

Advisory V404.3 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates. Although section 

V404.3 does not reference a safety standard for power-operated doors and gates, it is 

recommended for full powered automatic doors that ANSI/BHMA A156.10 (American 

National Standard for Power Operated Pedestrian Doors) be used by US Flag passenger 

vessels. In addition, for low energy and power-assisted doors, it is recommended that 

ANSI/BHMA A156.19 (American National Standard for Power Assist and Low Energy Power 

Operated Doors) also be used by US Flag vessels.

 

V404.3.1 Clear Width. Doorways shall provide a clear opening of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum in 

power-on and power-off mode. The minimum clear width for automatic door systems in a doorway 

shall be based on the clear opening provided by all leaves in the open position, unless the breakout 

opening requirement in V404.3.6 applies.

V404.3.2 Maneuvering Clearance. Clearances at power-assisted doors and gates shall comply 

with V404.2.4. Clearances at automatic doors and gates without emergency power and serving an 

accessible means of escape shall comply with V404.2.4. 

EXCEPTION: Where automatic doors and gates remain open in the power-off condition, 

V404.3.2 shall not apply.

V404.3.3 Thresholds. Thresholds and changes in level at doorways shall comply with V404.2.5.

V404.3.4 Doors in Series and Gates in Series. Doors in series and gates in series shall comply 

with V404.2.6.

V404.3.5 Controls. Manually operated controls shall comply with V309. The clear deck space 

adjacent to the control shall be located beyond the arc of the door swing.

V404.3.6 Break Out Opening. Where doors and gates without emergency power are a part of an 

accessible means of escape, the clear break out opening at swinging or sliding doors and gates shall 

be 32 inches (815 mm) minimum when operated in emergency mode.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN136

EXCEPTION: Where manual swinging doors and gates comply with V404.2 and serve the same 

accessible means of escape, V404.3.6 shall not apply. 

Advisory V404.3.6 Break Out Opening. Break out openings are typically on sliding doors 

and enable passengers to pass through doorways equipped with automatic doors during 

emergencies where normal ship’s power is not available.

 

V404.3.7 Revolving Doors, Revolving Gates, and Turnstiles. Revolving doors, revolving gates, 

and turnstiles shall not be part of an accessible route.

V405 Ramps

V405.1 General. Ramps shall comply with V405.

EXCEPTION: In assembly areas, aisle ramps adjacent to seating and not serving elements required 

to be on an accessible route shall not be required to comply with V405.

V405.2 Slope. Ramp runs shall have a running slope not steeper than 1:12.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, ramps shall be permitted to comply with Table V405.2 where such 

slopes are necessary due to space limitations. 

Table V405.2 Alternate Ramp Slopes Permitted by the Exception

Slope1

1. A slope steeper than 1:8 is prohibited.

Steeper than 1:10 but not steeper than 1:8 3 inches (75 mm)

Steeper than 1:12 but not steeper than 1:10 6 inches (150 mm)

 

Advisory V405.2 Slope. To accommodate the widest range of users, provide ramps with 

the least possible running slope and, wherever possible, accompany ramps with stairs for 

use by those individuals for whom distance presents a greater barrier than steps, e.g., 

people with heart disease or limited stamina.

 

V405.3 Cross Slope. Cross slope of ramp runs shall not be steeper than 1:48. 

Advisory V405.3 Cross Slope. Cross slope is the slope of the surface perpendicular to the 

direction of travel. Cross slope is measured the same way as slope is measured (i.e., the 

rise over the run).

 

V405.4 Deck Surfaces. Deck surfaces of ramp runs shall comply with V302. Changes in level other 

than the running slope and cross slope are not permitted on ramp runs.

V405.5 Clear Width. The clear width of a ramp run and, where handrails are provided, the clear width 

between handrails shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.

Maximum Rise
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

137 

EXCEPTION: Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), the clear width of 

ramp runs and the clear width between handrails shall be permitted to 32 inches (815 mm) minimum.

V405.6 Rise. The rise for any ramp run shall be 30 inches (760 mm) maximum.

V405.7 Landings. Ramps shall have landings at the top and the bottom of each ramp run. Landings 

shall comply with V405.7. 

Advisory V405.7 Landings. Ramps that do not have level landings at changes in direction 

can create a compound slope that will not meet the requirements of this document. Circular 

or curved ramps continually change direction. Curvilinear ramps with small radii also can 

create compound cross slopes and cannot, by their nature, meet the requirements for 

accessible routes. A level landing is needed at the accessible door to permit maneuvering 

and simultaneously door operation.

 

Figure V405.7

Ramp Landings

V405.7.1 Slope. Landings shall comply with V302. Changes in level are not permitted.

EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.

V405.7.2 Width. The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run leading to 

the landing.

V405.7.3 Length. The landing clear length shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN138

EXCEPTION: Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), the landing clear 

length shall be permitted to be 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum.

V405.7.4 Change in Direction. Ramps that change direction between runs at landings shall have a 

clear landing 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.

V405.7.5 Doorways. Where doorways are located adjacent to a ramp landing, maneuvering 

clearances required by V404.2.4 and V404.3.2 shall be permitted to overlap the required landing 

area.

V405.8 Handrails. Ramp runs with a rise greater than 6 inches (150 mm) shall have handrails 

complying with V503.

V405.9 Edge Protection. Edge protection complying with V405.9.1 or V405.9.2 shall be provided on 

each side of ramp runs and at each side of ramp landings.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Edge protection shall not be required on ramps that are not required to have 

handrails and have sides complying with V406.3.

2. Edge protection shall not be required on the sides of ramp landings serving an adjoining ramp 

run, gangway run, or stairway.

3. Edge protection shall not be required on the sides of ramp landings having a vertical drop-off of 1⁄2 

inch (13 mm) maximum within 10 inches (255 mm) horizontally of the minimum landing area 

specified in V405.7.

V405.9.1 Extended Deck Surface. The deck surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend 12 

inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a handrail complying with V503. 

Advisory V405.9.1 Extended Deck Surface. The extended surface prevents wheelchair 

casters and crutch tips from slipping off the ramp surface.

 

Figure V405.9.1

Extended Deck Surface Edge Protection

V405.9.2 Curb or Barrier. A curb or barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a 4 inch 

(100 mm) diameter sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (100 mm) of the finish 

deck surface. 
Figure V405.9.2

Curb or Barrier Edge Protection

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

139 

V405.10 Wet Conditions. Landings subject to wet conditions shall be designed to prevent the 

accumulation of water. 

V406 Curb Ramps

V406.1 General. Curb ramps shall comply with V406, V405.2 through V405.5, and V405.10.

V406.2 Counter Slope. Counter slopes of adjoining gutters and vehicular way surfaces immediately 

adjacent to the curb ramp shall not be steeper than 1:20. The adjacent surfaces at transitions at curb 

ramps to walks, gutters, and vehicular ways shall be at the same level. 

Figure V406.2

Counter Slope of Surfaces Adjacent to Curb Ramps

 

V406.3 Sides of Curb Ramps. Where provided, curb ramp flares shall not be steeper than 1:10. 

Figure V406.3

Sides of Curb Ramps

 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN140

V406.4 Landings. Landings shall be provided at the tops of curb ramps. The landing clear length shall 

be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum. The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the curb ramp, 

excluding flared sides, leading to the landing.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, where there is no landing at the top of existing curb ramps, curb ramp 

flares shall be provided and shall not be steeper than 1:12. 

Figure V406.4

Landings at the Top of Curb Ramps

 

V407 Elevators

V407.1 General. Elevators shall comply with V407. They shall be passenger elevators. Elevator 

operation shall be automatic. 

V407.2 Elevator Landing Requirements. Elevator landings shall comply with V407.2.

V407.2.1 Call Controls. Where elevator call buttons or keypads are provided, they shall comply 

with V407.2.1 and V309.4. Call buttons shall be raised or flush.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, existing elevators shall be permitted to have recessed call buttons.

Advisory V407.1 General. The U.S. Department of Justice ADA regulations (28 CFR 

35.133, Maintenance of accessible features, and 28 CFR 36.211, Maintenance of 

accessible features) require that accessible features be maintained in working order so that 

they are accessible to and usable by those people they are intended to benefit. Isolated or 

temporary interruptions in service due to maintenance or repairs may be unavoidable; 

however, failure to take prompt action to effect repairs could constitute a violation of the 

regulations.

Although section V407.1 does not reference a safety standard for elevators, it is 

recommended that ASME A17.1 (Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators) be used by US 

Flag passenger vessels.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

141 

V407.2.1.1 Height. Call buttons and keypads shall be located within one of the reach ranges 

specified in V308, measured to the centerline of the highest operable part.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, existing call buttons and existing keypads shall be permitted to 

be located at 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface measured to the 

centerline of the highest operable part.

V407.2.1.2 Size. Call buttons shall be 3⁄4 inch (19 mm) minimum in the smallest dimension.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, existing elevator call buttons shall not be required to comply 

with V407.2.1.2.

V407.2.1.3 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 shall be provided at call 

controls. 

Advisory V407.2.1.3 Clear Deck Space. The deck space required at elevator call buttons 

must remain free of obstructions including ashtrays, plants, and other decorative elements 

that prevent wheelchair users and others from reaching the call buttons. The height of the 

clear deck space is considered to be a volume from the deck surface to 80 inches (2030 

mm) above the deck surface. Recessed ashtrays should not be placed near elevator call 

buttons so that persons who are blind or visually impaired do not inadvertently contact them 

or their contents as they reach for the call buttons.

 

V407.2.1.4 Location. The call button that designates the up direction shall be located above the 

call button that designates the down direction.

EXCEPTION: Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 

V407.2.1.4. 

Advisory V407.2.1.4 Location Exception. A destination-oriented elevator system 

provides lobby controls enabling passengers to select deck stops, lobby indicators 

designating which elevator to use, and a car indicator designating the deck at which the car 

will stop. Responding cars are programmed for maximum efficiency by reducing the 

number of stops any passenger experiences.

 

V407.2.1.5 Signals. Call buttons shall have visible signals to indicate when each call is 

registered and when each call is answered.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 

V407.2.1.5 if visible and audible signals complying with V407.2.2 indicating which elevator 

car to enter are provided.

2. In alterations, existing elevators shall not be required to comply with V407.2.1.5.

V407.2.1.6 Keypads. Where keypads are provided, keypads shall be in a standard telephone 

keypad arrangement and shall comply with V407.4.7.2.

V407.2.2 Hall Signals. Hall signals, including in-car signals, shall comply with V407.2.2.

V407.2.2.1 Visible and Audible Signals. A visible and audible signal shall be provided at each 

hoistway entrance to indicate which car is answering a call and the car’s direction of travel. 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN142

Where in-car signals are provided, they shall be visible from the deck area adjacent to the hall 

call buttons.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Visible and audible signals shall not be required at each destinationoriented elevator where a visible and audible signal complying with V407.2.2 is provided 

indicating the elevator car designation information.

2. In alterations to existing elevators, a signal indicating the direction of car travel shall not be 

required.

V407.2.2.2 Visible Signals. Visible signal fixtures shall be centered at 72 inches (1830 mm) 

minimum above the finish deck surface. The visible signal elements shall be 21⁄2 inches (64 mm) 

minimum measured along the vertical centerline of the element. Signals shall be visible from the 

deck area adjacent to the hall call button.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Destination-oriented elevators shall be permitted to have signals visible 

from the deck area adjacent to the hoistway entrance.

2. In alterations, existing elevators shall not be required to comply with V407.2.2.2. 

V407.2.2.3 Audible Signals. Audible signals shall sound once for the up direction and twice for 

the down direction, or shall have verbal annunciators that indicate the direction of elevator car 

travel. Audible signals shall have a frequency of 1500 Hz maximum. Verbal annunciators shall 

have a frequency of 300 Hz minimum and 3000 Hz maximum. The audible signal and verbal 

annunciator shall be 10 dB minimum above ambient, but shall not exceed 80 dB maximum, 

measured at the hall call button.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 

V407.2.2.3 if the audible tone and verbal announcement is the same as those given at the 

call button or call button keypad.

2. In alterations, existing elevators shall not be required to comply with the requirements for 

frequency and dB range of audible signals.

Figure V407.2.2.2

Visible Hall Signals
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

143 

V407.2.2.4 Differentiation. Each destination-oriented elevator in a bank of elevators shall have 

audible and visible means for differentiation.

V407.2.3 Hoistway Signs. Signs at elevator hoistways shall comply with V407.2.3.

V407.2.3.1 Deck Designation. Deck designations complying with V703.2 and V703.4.1 shall be 

provided on both jambs of elevator hoistway entrances. Deck designations shall be provided in 

both tactile characters and braille. Tactile characters shall be 2 inches (51 mm) high minimum. 

Where vessel entry points are provided on only one deck, a tactile star shall be provided on both 

jambs at the entry deck. 

Figure V407.2.3.1

Deck Designations on Jambs of Elevator Hoistway Entrances

 

V407.2.3.2 Car Designations. Destination-oriented elevators shall provide tactile car 

identification complying with V703.2 on both jambs of the hoistway immediately below the deck 

designation. Car designations shall be provided in both tactile characters and braille. Tactile 

characters shall be 2 inches (51 mm) high minimum. 

Figure V407.2.3.2

Car Designations on Jambs of Destination-Oriented Elevator Hoistway Entrances
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN144

V407.3 Elevator Door Requirements. Hoistway and car doors shall comply with V407.3.

V407.3.1 Type. Elevator doors shall be the horizontal sliding type. Car gates shall be prohibited.

V407.3.2 Operation. Elevator hoistway and car doors shall open and close automatically.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, existing manually operated hoistway swing doors shall be permitted 

if they comply with V404.2.3 and V404.2.9. Car door closing shall not be initiated until the 

hoistway door is closed.

V407.3.3 Reopening Device. Elevator doors shall be provided with a reopening device complying 

with V407.3.3 that shall stop and reopen a car door and hoistway door automatically if the door 

becomes obstructed by an object or person.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, existing elevators with manually operated doors shall not be 

required to comply with V407.3.3.

V407.3.3.1 Height. The device shall be activated by sensing an obstruction passing through the 

opening at 5 inches (125 mm) nominal and 29 inches (735 mm) nominal above the finish deck 

surface.

V407.3.3.2 Contact. The device shall not require physical contact to be activated, although 

contact is permitted to occur before the door reverses.

V407.3.3.3 Duration. Door reopening devices shall remain effective for 20 seconds minimum.

V407.3.4 Door and Signal Timing. The minimum acceptable time from notification that a car is 

answering a call or notification of the car assigned at the means for the entry of destination 

information until the doors of that car start to close shall be calculated from the following 

equation: T = D/(1.5 ft/s) or T = D/(455 mm/s) = 5 seconds minimum where T equals the total 

time in seconds and D equals the distance (in feet or millimeters) from the point in the lobby or 

corridor 60 inches (1525 mm) directly in front of the farthest call button controlling that car to the 

centerline of its hoistway door.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. For cars with in-car lanterns, T shall be permitted to begin when the 

signal is visible from the point 60 inches (1525 mm) directly in front of the farthest hall call 

button and the audible signal is sounded.

2. Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with V407.3.4.

V407.3.5 Door Delay. Elevator doors shall remain fully open in response to a car call for 3 seconds 

minimum.

V407.3.6 Width. The width of elevator doors shall comply with Table V407.4.1.

EXCEPTION: In alterations to existing elevators, a power-operated car door complying with 

V404.2.3 shall be permitted.

V407.4 Elevator Car Requirements. Elevator cars shall comply with V407.4.

V407.4.1 Car Dimensions. Inside dimensions of elevator cars and clear width of elevator doors 

shall comply with Table V407.4.1.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

145 

EXCEPTION: In alterations, existing elevator car configurations that provide a clear deck area 

16 square feet (1.5 m2) minimum, and an inside clear depth 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum and 

an inside clear width 36 inches (915 mm) minimum shall be permitted. 

Table V407.4.1 Elevator Car Dimensions

Minimum Dimensions

Door Location Door Clear Width Inside Car, Side 

to Side

Inside Car, Back 

Wall to Front 

Return

Inside Car, Back 

Wall to Inside 

Face of Door

Centered 42 inches

(1065 mm)

80 inches

(2030 mm)

51 inches

(1295 mm)

54 inches

(1370 mm)

Any 36 inches

(915 mm)1

1. A tolerance of minus 5/8 inch (16 mm) is permitted.

68 inches

(1725 mm)

51 inches

(1295 mm)

54 inches

(1370 mm)

Any 36 inches

(915 mm)1

54 inches

(1370 mm)

80 inches

(2030 mm)

80 inches

(2030 mm)

Any 36 inches

(915 mm)1

60 inches

(1525 mm)2

2. Other car configurations that provide a turning space complying with V304 with the door closed shall be 

permited.

60 inches

(1525 mm)2

60 inches

(1525 mm)2

 

Figure V407.4.1

Elevator Car Dimensions

 
Figure V407.4.1

Elevator Car Dimensions

Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN146

V407.4.2 Deck Surfaces. Deck surfaces in elevator cars shall comply with V302 and V303.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

147 

V407.4.3 Platform to Hoistway Clearance. The clearance between the car platform sill and the 

edge of any hoistway landing shall be 11⁄4 inch (32 mm) maximum.

V407.4.4 Leveling. Each car shall be equipped with a self-leveling feature that will automatically 

bring and maintain the car at deck landings within a tolerance of 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) under rated loading 

to zero loading conditions.

V407.4.5 Illumination. The level of illumination at the car controls, platform, car threshold, and car 

landing sill shall be 5 foot candles (54 lux) minimum.

V407.4.6 Elevator Car Controls. Where provided, elevator car controls shall comply with V407.4.6 

and V309.4.

EXCEPTION: In alterations to existing elevators, where a new car operating panel complying 

with V407.4.6 is provided, existing car operating panels shall not be required to comply with 

V407.4.6.

V407.4.6.1 Location. Controls shall be located within one of the reach ranges specified in V308.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where the elevator panel serves more than 16 openings and a parallel 

approach is provided, buttons with deck designations shall be permitted to be 54 inches 

(1370 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.

2. In alterations to existing elevators, car control buttons with deck designations shall be 

permitted to be located 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface where 

a parallel approach is provided.

V407.4.6.2 Buttons. Car control buttons with deck designations shall comply with V407.4.6.2 

and shall be raised or flush.

EXCEPTION: In alterations to existing elevators, buttons shall be permitted to be recessed.

V407.4.6.2.1 Size. Buttons shall be 3⁄4 inch (19 mm) minimum in their smallest dimension.

V407.4.6.2.2 Arrangement. Buttons shall be arranged with numbers in ascending order. 

When two or more columns of buttons are provided, they shall read from left to right.

V407.4.6.3 Keypads. Car control keypads shall be in a standard telephone keypad arrangement 

and shall comply with V407.4.7.2.

V407.4.6.4 Emergency Controls. Emergency controls shall comply with V407.4.6.4.

V407.4.6.4.1 Height. Emergency control buttons shall have their centerlines 35 inches (890 

mm) minimum above the finish deck surface.

V407.4.6.4.2 Location. Emergency controls, including the emergency alarm, shall be 

grouped at the bottom of the panel.

V407.4.7 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls. Designations and indicators of car 

controls shall comply with V407.4.7.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN148

EXCEPTION: In alterations to existing elevators, where a new car operating panel complying 

with V407.4.7 is provided, existing car operating panels shall not be required to comply with 

V407.4.7.

V407.4.7.1 Buttons. Car control buttons shall comply with V407.4.7.1.

V407.4.7.1.1 Type. Control buttons shall be identified by tactile characters complying with 

V703.2.

V407.4.7.1.2 Location. Raised character and braille designations shall be placed 

immediately to the left of the control button to which the designations apply.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, where space on an existing car operating panel precludes 

tactile markings to the left of the controls, markings shall be placed as near to the controls 

as possible.

V407.4.7.1.3 Symbols. The control button for the emergency stop, alarm, door open, door 

close, entry deck, and phone, shall be identified with tactile symbols shown in Figure 

V407.4.7.1.3.

EXCEPTION: Where a passenger vessel has more than one entry deck, the entry deck 

tactile symbol is not required. 

Figure V407.4.7.1.3 Elevator Control Button Identification

Control Button Tactile Symbol Braille Message

Emergency Stop

“ST”OP Three cells

Alarm

AL“AR”M Four cells

Door Open

OP“EN” Three cells

Door Close

CLOSE Five cells

Entry Deck

MA“IN” Three cells

Phone

PH“ONE” Four cells
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

149 

V407.4.7.1.4 Visible Indicators. Buttons with deck designations shall be provided with 

visible indicators to show that a call has been registered. The visible indication shall 

extinguish when the car arrives at the designated deck.

V407.4.7.2 Keypads. Keypads shall be identified by characters complying with V703.5 and shall 

be centered on the corresponding keypad button. The number five key shall have a single raised 

dot. The dot shall be 0.118 inch (3 mm) to 0.120 inch (3.05 mm) base diameter and in other 

aspects comply with Table V703.3.1.

V407.4.8 Car Position Indicators. Audible and visible car position indicators shall be provided in 

elevator cars.

V407.4.8.1 Visible Indicators. Visible indicators shall comply with V407.4.8.1.

V407.4.8.1.1 Size. Characters shall be 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) high minimum.

V407.4.8.1.2 Location. Indicators shall be located above the car control panel or above the 

door.

V407.4.8.1.3 Deck Arrival. As the car passes a deck and when a car stops at a deck served 

by the elevator, the corresponding character shall illuminate.

EXCEPTION: Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 

V407.4.8.1.3 if the visible indicators extinguish when the call has been answered.

V407.4.8.1.4 Destination Indicator. In destination-oriented elevators, a display shall be 

provided in the car with visible indicators to show car destinations.

V407.4.8.2 Audible Indicators. Audible indicators shall comply with V407.4.8.2.

V407.4.8.2.1 Signal Type. The signal shall be an automatic verbal annunciator which 

announces the deck at which the car is about to stop. 

EXCEPTION: For elevators other than destination-oriented elevators that have a rated 

speed of 200 feet per minute (1 m/s) or less, a non-verbal audible signal with a frequency 

of 1500 Hz maximum which sounds as the car passes or is about to stop at a deck served 

by the elevator shall be permitted.

V407.4.8.2.2 Signal Level. The verbal annunciator shall be 10 dB minimum above ambient, 

but shall not exceed 80 dB, measured at the annunciator.

V407.4.8.2.3 Frequency. The verbal annunciator shall have a frequency of 300 Hz minimum 

to 3000 Hz maximum.

V407.4.9 Emergency Communication. Where provided, emergency two-way communication 

systems shall comply with V308 and shall provide a visual signal in the elevator car acknowledging 

that an emergency signal was received at the bridge of the vessel or other space where emergency 

actions are directed. Tactile symbols and characters shall be provided adjacent to the operable parts 

of the system in the elevator car and shall comply with V703.2.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN150

V408 Limited Use-Limited Application Elevators

V408.1 General. Limited use-limited application elevators shall comply with V408. They shall be 

passenger elevators. Elevator operation shall be automatic. 

Advisory V408.1 General. Although section V408.1 does not reference a safety standard 

for elevators, it is recommended that ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and 

Escalators, be used by US flag passenger vessels.

 

V408.2 Elevator Landings. Landings serving limited-use/limited-application elevators shall comply with 

V408.2.

V408.2.1 Call Buttons. Elevator call buttons and keypads shall comply with V407.2.1.

V408.2.2 Hall Signals. Hall signals shall comply with V407.2.2.

V408.2.3 Hoistway Signs. Signs at elevator hoistways shall comply with V407.2.3.1.

V408.3 Elevator Doors. Elevator hoistway doors shall comply with V408.3.

V408.3.1 Sliding Doors. Sliding hoistway and car doors shall comply with V407.3.1 through 

V407.3.3 and V408.4.1.

V408.3.2 Swinging Doors. Swinging hoistway doors shall open and close automatically and shall 

comply with V404, V407.3.2 and V408.3.2.

V408.3.2.1 Power Operation. Swinging doors shall be power-operated. 

Advisory V408.3.2.1 Power Operation. Although section V408.3.2.1 does not reference a 

safety standard for power-operated swing doors, it is recommended that ANSI/BHMA 

A156.19, American National Standard for Power Assist and Low Energy Power Operated 

Doors, be used by US Flag passenger vessels.

 

V408.3.2.2 Duration. Power-operated swinging doors shall remain open for 20 seconds 

minimum when activated.

V408.4 Elevator Cars. Elevator cars shall comply with V408.4.

V408.4.1 Car Dimensions and Doors. Elevator cars shall provide a clear width 42 inches (1065 

mm) minimum and a clear depth 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum. Car doors shall be positioned at 

the narrow ends of cars and shall provide 32 inches (815 mm) minimum clear width.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Cars that provide a clear width 51 inches (1295 mm) minimum shall be 

permitted to provide a clear depth 51 inches (1295 mm) minimum provided that car doors provide 

a clear opening 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

151 

2. In alterations, existing elevator cars shall be permitted to provide a clear width 36 inches (915 

mm) minimum, clear depth 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum, and a net clear platform area 15 

square feet (1.4 m2) minimum. 

Figure V408.4.1

Limited-Use/Limited-Application (LULA) Elevator Car Dimensions

 

V408.4.2 Deck Surfaces. Deck surfaces in elevator cars shall comply with V302 and V303.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN152

V408.4.3 Platform to Hoistway Clearance. The platform to hoistway clearance shall comply with 

V407.4.3.

V408.4.4 Leveling. Elevator car leveling shall comply with V407.4.4.

V408.4.5 Illumination. Elevator car illumination shall comply with V407.4.5.

V408.4.6 Car Controls. Elevator car controls shall comply with V407.4.6. Control panels shall be 

centered on a side wall and shall comply with V309.

V408.4.7 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls. Designations and indicators of car 

controls shall comply with V407.4.7.

V408.4.8 Emergency Communications. Car emergency signaling devices complying with 

V407.4.9 shall be provided.

V409 Platform Lifts

V409.1 General. Platform lifts shall comply with V409. Platform lifts shall not be attendant-operated and 

shall provide unassisted entry and exit from the lift. The rated load of the platform lifts shall be 450 

pounds (204 kg) minimum. 

V409.2 Platform Surface and Size. The lift platform surface and size shall comply with V302, V303, 

and V305.

EXCEPTION: Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), the lift platform shall 

be permitted to be 32 inches (815 mm) wide minimum where the lift platform is approached at the 

short side.

V409.3 Platform to Runway Clearance. The clearance between the platform sill and the edge of any 

runway landing shall be 11⁄4 inch (32 mm) maximum. 

Advisory V409.1 General. Inclined and vertical platform lifts are available for shortdistance vertical transportation. Because an accessible route requires an 80 inch (2030 

mm) vertical clearance, care should be taken in selecting lifts as they may not be equally 

suitable for use by people using wheelchairs and people standing. If a lift does not provide 

80 inch (2030 mm) vertical clearance, it cannot be considered part of an accessible route in 

new construction. 

The ADA and other Federal civil rights laws require that accessible features be maintained 

in working order so that they are accessible to and usable by those people they are intended 

to benefit. Isolated or temporary interruptions in service due to maintenance or repairs may 

be unavoidable; however, failure to take prompt action to effect repairs could constitute a 

violation of Federal laws and these requirements.

Although section V409.1 does not reference a safety standard for platform lifts, it is 

recommended that the provisions in ASME A18.1, Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and 

Stairway Chairlifts, be used by US Flag passenger vessels where applicable in the marine 

environment.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

153 

V409.4 Operable Parts. Controls for platform lifts shall comply with V309.

V409.5 Doors and Gates. Platform lifts shall have low-energy power-operated doors or gates 

complying with V404.3. Doors shall remain open for 20 seconds minimum. End doors and gates shall 

provide a clear width 32 inches (815 mm) minimum. Side doors and gates shall provide a clear width 42 

inches (1065 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTION: Platform lifts serving two landings maximum and having doors or gates on opposite 

sides shall be permitted to have self-closing manual doors or gates. 

Figure V409.5

Platform Lift Doors and Gates

 

V410 Gangways

V410.1 General. Gangways that are part of accessible passenger boarding systems shall comply with 

V410.

V410.2 Slope. Gangway runs shall have a running slope not steeper than 1:12.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where gangways have only one run and the gangways do not exceed a rise of 6 

inches (150 mm), the gangways shall be permitted to have running slopes in accordance with Table 

V410.2.

2. Where an existing gangway run or series of gangway runs is replaced or altered, an increase in 

the length of the gangway run shall not be required to comply with V410.2.

3. On vessel carried gangways, where the total length of the gangway run or series of runs is at least 

as long as the beam of the vessel, gangways shall not be required to comply with V410.2.

4. On pier provided gangways, where the total length of a gangway run or series of runs is at least 

120 feet (37 m), gangways shall not be required to comply with V410.2.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN154

5. On passenger vessels which carry vehicles, where the only way for pedestrian passengers to 

embark or disembark is by way of a gangway that also functions as a vehicle transfer bridge, 

gangways shall not be required to comply with V410.2. 

Table V410.2 Alternate Running Slopes Permitted by Exception 1

Slope1

1. A slope steeper than 1:8 is prohibited.

Steeper than 1:10 but not steeper than 1:8 3 inches (75 mm)

Steeper than 1:12 but not steeper than 1:10 6 inches (150 mm)

V410.3 Cross Slope. Cross slope of gangway runs shall not be steeper than 1:48. 

Advisory V410.3 Cross Slope. Cross slope is the slope of the surface perpendicular to the 

direction of travel. It is measured the same way as slope is measured: the rise over the run.

 

V410.4 Surfaces. Surfaces of gangway runs shall comply with V302. Changes in level other than the 

running slope and cross slope are not permitted on gangway runs.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where gangways are deployed and conditions result in slopes greater than 1:4, 

changes in level complying with V303.2 or V303.3 shall be permitted on surfaces of gangway runs.

2. Changes in level shall be permitted on gangway run surfaces that extend beyond the minimum 

clear width specified in V410.5. 

V410.5 Clear Width. The clear width of a gangway run and, where handrails are provided, the clear 

width between handrails shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTION: Where the largest deck is less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2), the width of gangway 

runs and the distance between handrails, if provided, shall be permitted to have clear widths of 32 

inches (815 mm) minimum.

V410.6 Transition Plates. Transition plates provided at the ends of gangway runs shall contrast visually 

with adjacent passenger walkways either light-on-dark or dark-on-light.

V410.7 Landings. Gangways shall have landings at the top and the bottom of each gangway run. 

Landings shall comply with V410.7.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Landings shall not be required between transition plates complying with V403 or 

V405, and gangways. 

2. On telescoping gangways, landings shall not be required between gangway segments where 

transition plates are provided which comply with V405.1 through V405.6, and V405.8 through 

V405.10.

V410.7.1 Slope. Landings shall comply with V302. Changes in level are not permitted.

EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.

Maximum Rise
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

155 

V410.7.2 Width. The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the widest gangway run leading 

to the landing.

V410.7.3 Length. The landing clear length shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.

V410.7.4 Change in Direction. Gangways that change direction between runs at landings shall 

have a clear landing 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.

V410.7.5 Doorways. Where doorways are located adjacent to a gangway landing, maneuvering 

clearances required by V404.2.4 and V404.3.2 shall be permitted to overlap the required landing 

area.

V410.8 Handrails. Gangway runs with a rise greater than 6 inches (150 mm) shall have handrails 

complying with V503.

EXCEPTION: Gangways that also function as vehicle transfer bridges shall be permitted to have 

readily removable handrails.

V410.9 Edge Protection. Edge protection complying with V410.9.1 or V410.9.2 shall be provided on 

each side of gangway runs and at each side of gangway landings.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Edge protection shall not be required on the sides of gangway landings serving 

an adjoining ramp run, gangway run, or stairway.

2. Edge protection shall not be required on the sides of gangway landings having a vertical drop-off 

of 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) maximum within 10 inches (255 mm) horizontally of the minimum landing area 

specified in V410.7.

V410.9.1 Extended Deck Surface. The deck surface of the gangway run or landing shall extend 12 

inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a handrail complying with V503. 

Advisory V410.9.1 Extended Deck Surface. The extended surface prevents wheelchair 

casters and crutch tips from slipping off the gangway surface.

 

V410.9.2 Curb or Barrier. A curb or barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a 4 inch 

(100 mm) diameter sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (100 mm) of the finish 

deck surface.

V410.10 Wet Conditions. Landings subject to wet conditions shall be designed to prevent the 

accumulation of water. 

V411 Manually Powered Boarding Lifts

V411.1 General. Manually powered boarding lifts shall comply with V411. 

V411.2 Design Load. The design load of the lift shall be at least 600 pounds (272 kg). Working parts, 

such as cables, pulleys, and shafts, which would be expected to wear, and upon which the lift depends 

for support of the load, shall have a safety factor of at least six, based on the ultimate strength of the 

material. Nonworking parts, such as platform, frame, and attachment hardware which would not be 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines: CHAPTER V4: ONBOARD ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE PASSEN156

expected to wear, shall have a safety factor of at least three, based on the ultimate strength of the 

material. 

V411.3 Controls. Where provided, each control for deploying, lowering, raising, and stowing the lift and 

lowering the roll-off barrier shall require continuous manual pressure by the operators and an inherent 

design feature or other system shall not allow improper lift sequencing when the lift platform is occupied. 

The controls shall allow reversal of the lift operation sequence when the lift is occupied. 

V411.4 Emergency Operation. The lift, when occupied, shall incorporate an emergency method of 

lowering.

V411.5 Equipment Failure. The lift, when occupied, shall have provisions to prevent it from falling any 

faster than 12 inches/second (305 mm/second) and dropping an occupant in the event of a single failure 

of any load carrying component.

V411.6 Platform Barriers. The lift platform shall be equipped with barriers to prevent any of the wheels 

of a wheelchair or mobility aid from rolling off the lift during its operation.

V411.7 Platform Surface and Size. The lift platform surface and size shall comply with V302, V303, 

and V305. 

EXCEPTION: Where the lift platform is approached at the long side, the platform shall be permitted 

to be 56 inches (1420 mm) wide minimum.

V411.8 Platform Approaches. The approaches to the lift platform, or loading-edge barriers used as 

approaches, shall comply with V403 or V405. Transitions from adjacent deck and pier surfaces shall 

comply with V303.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Ramped approaches to the lift platform shall be permitted to have running slopes 

not exceeding 1:8 if the rise of the ramps does not exceed 3 inches (75 mm).

2. Landings specified in V405.7 shall not be required between ramped approaches and the lift 

platform.

V411.9 Platform Deflection. The lift platform shall not deflect more than 3 degrees in any direction 

between its unloaded position and its position when loaded with 600 pounds (272 kg) applied through a 

26 inch (660 mm) by 26 inch (660 mm) test pallet at the centroid of the lift platform.

V411.10 Boarding Direction. The lift shall permit both inboard and outboard facing of wheelchairs and 

mobility aids.

V411.11 Handrails. The platform on the lift shall be equipped with handrails on two sides, which move 

in tandem with the lift, and which shall be graspable and provide support to standees throughout the 

entire lift operation. Handrails shall have a usable component 8 inches (205 mm) long minimum, and the 

top of the gripping surface shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum and 38 inches (965 mm) maximum 

above the platform. The handrails shall be capable of withstanding a force of 100 pounds (449 N) 

concentrated at any point on the handrail without permanent deformation of the rail or its supporting 

structure. The handrails shall comply with V503.5 through V503.9. 
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CHAPTER V5: GENERAL PASSENGER VESSEL ELEMENTS

V501 General

V501.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 5 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where 

referenced by a requirement in this document.

V502 Pool Stairs

V502.1 General. Pool stairs shall comply with V502.

V502.2 Treads and Risers. All steps on pool stairs shall have uniform riser heights and uniform tread 

depths. Risers shall be 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum and 7 inches (180 mm) high maximum. 

Treads shall be 11 inches (280 mm) deep minimum. Tread depth shall be measured from riser to riser.

EXCEPTION: Risers shall not be required to comply with V502.2 if riser heights are uniform.

V502.3 Closed Risers. Risers shall be closed.

V502.4 Tread Surface. Stair treads shall comply with V302. Changes in level are not permitted.

EXCEPTION: Treads shall be permitted to have a slope not steeper than 1:48.

V502.5 Nosings. The radius of curvature at the leading edge of the tread shall be 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) 

maximum. Nosings that project beyond risers shall have the underside of the leading edge curved or 

beveled. Risers shall be permitted to slope under the tread at an angle of 30 degrees maximum from 

vertical. The permitted projection of the nosing shall extend 11⁄2 inches (38 mm) maximum over the tread 

below. 

Figure V502.5

Pool Stair Nosings

 
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V502.6 Handrails. Pool stairs shall have handrails complying with V503.

V503 Handrails

V503.1 General. Handrails provided along walking surfaces complying with V403, at elevators 

complying with V407 or V408, and at platform lifts complying with V409, shall comply with V503. 

Handrails required at ramps complying with V405, gangways complying with V410, and pool stairs 

complying with V502, shall comply with V503.

V503.2 Where Required. Handrails shall be provided on both sides of pool stairs, gangways, and 

ramps.

EXCEPTION: In assembly areas, handrails shall not be required on both sides of aisle ramps where 

a handrail is provided at either side or within the aisle width.

V503.3 Continuity. Handrails shall be continuous within the full length of each set of pool stairs, 

gangway run, or ramp run. Inside handrails on switchback or dogleg ramps shall be continuous between 

flights or runs.

EXCEPTION: In assembly areas, handrails on ramps shall not be required to be continuous in aisles 

serving seating.

V503.4 Height. Top of gripping surfaces of handrails shall be 34 inches (865 mm) minimum and 38 

inches (965 mm) maximum vertically above walking surfaces, stair nosings, gangway surfaces, and 

ramp surfaces. Handrails shall be at a consistent height above walking surfaces, stair nosings, gangway 

surfaces, and ramp surfaces.

EXCEPTION: Where the administrative authority requires handrails along walking surfaces with 

slopes not steeper than 1:20 to be located more than 38 inches (965 mm) above deck surfaces, the 

handrails shall not be required to comply with V503.4. 

Advisory V503.4 Height. The requirements for stair, gangway, and ramp handrails in this 

document are for adults. When children are the principal users in a facility (e.g., children’s 

center), a second set of handrails at an appropriate height can assist them and aid in 

preventing accidents. A maximum height of 28 inches (710 mm) measured to the top of the 

gripping surface from the gangway surface, ramp surface or stair nosing is recommended 

for handrails designed for children. Sufficient vertical clearance between upper and lower 

handrails, 9 inches (230 mm) minimum, should be provided to help prevent entrapment. 

 

Figure V503.4

Handrail Height

 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

159 

V503.5 Clearance. Clearance between handrail gripping surfaces and adjacent surfaces shall be 11⁄2 

inches (38 mm) minimum. 

Figure V503.5

Handrail Clearance

 

V503.6 Gripping Surface. Handrail gripping surfaces shall be continuous along their length and shall 

not be obstructed along their tops or sides. The bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall not be 

obstructed for more than 20 percent of their length. Where provided, horizontal projections shall occur 

11⁄2 inches (38 mm) minimum below the bottom of the handrail gripping surface.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where handrails are provided along walking surfaces with slopes not steeper 

than 1:20, the bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall be permitted to be obstructed along their 

entire length where they are integral to crash rails or bumper guards.

2. The distance between horizontal projections and the bottom of the gripping surface shall be 

permitted to be reduced by 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) for each 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) of additional handrail 

perimeter dimension that exceeds 4 inches (100 mm). 

Advisory V503.6 Gripping Surface. People with disabilities, older people, and others 

benefit from continuous gripping surfaces that permit users to reach the fingers outward or 

downward to grasp the handrail, particularly as the user senses a loss of equilibrium or 

begins to fall. 

 

Figure V503.6

Horizontal Projections Below Gripping Surface

 

V503.7 Cross Section. Handrail gripping surfaces shall have a cross section complying with V503.7.1 

or V503.7.2.

V503.7.1 Circular Cross Section. Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross section shall 

have an outside diameter of 11⁄4 inches (32 mm) minimum and 2 inches (51 mm) maximum.
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V503.7.2 Non-Circular Cross Sections. Handrail gripping surfaces with a non-circular cross 

section shall have a perimeter dimension of 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 61⁄4 inches (160 mm) 

maximum, and a cross-section dimension of 21⁄4 inches (57 mm) maximum. 

Figure V503.7.2

Handrail Non-Circular Cross Section

 

V503.8 Surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces and any surfaces adjacent to them shall be free of sharp 

or abrasive elements and shall have rounded edges.

V503.9 Fittings. Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings.

V503.10 Handrail Extensions. Handrail gripping surfaces shall extend beyond and in the same 

direction of pool stairs, gangway runs, and ramp runs in accordance with V503.10.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Extensions shall not be required for continuous handrails at the inside turn of 

switchback or dogleg gangways, and ramps.

2. In assembly areas, extensions shall not be required for ramp handrails in aisles serving seating 

where the handrails are discontinuous to provide access to seating and to permit crossovers within 

aisles.

3. In alterations, full extensions of handrails shall not be required where such extensions would be 

hazardous due to plan configuration.

4. Where gangways and transition plates connect and are required to have handrails, handrail 

extensions shall not be required.

5. Where handrail extensions are provided on gangways or transition plates, extensions shall not be 

required to be horizontal to the landing surface.

V503.10.1 Top and Bottom Extension at Ramps and Gangways. Ramp and gangway handrails 

shall extend horizontally above the landing for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the top and 

bottom of ramp and gangway runs. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard, or the landing surface, 

or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent ramp run. 
Figure V503.10.1

Top and Bottom Handrail Extension at Ramps and Gangways

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V503.10.2 Top Extension at Pool Stairs. At the top of pool stairs, handrails shall extend 

horizontally above the landing for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beginning directly above the first 

riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard, or the landing surface. 
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Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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CHAPTER V6: PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES

V601 General

V601.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 6 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where 

referenced by a requirement in this document.

V602 Drinking Fountains

V602.1 General. Drinking fountains shall comply with V307 and V602.

V602.2 Clear Deck Space. Units shall have a clear deck space complying with V305 positioned for a 

forward approach and centered on the unit. Knee and toe clearance complying with V306 shall be 

provided.

EXCEPTION: A parallel approach complying with V305 shall be permitted at units for children's use 

where the spout is 30 inches (760 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface and is 31⁄2 inches (90 

mm) maximum from the front edge of the unit, including bumpers.

V602.3 Operable Parts. Operable parts shall comply with V309.

V602.4 Spout Height. Spout outlets shall be 36 inches (915 mm) maximum above the finish deck 

surface.

V602.5 Spout Location. The spout shall be located 15 inches (380 mm) minimum from the vertical 

support and 5 inches (125 mm) maximum from the front edge of the unit, including bumpers. 

Figure V602.5

Drinking Fountain Spout Location

 

V602.6 Water Flow. The spout shall provide a flow of water 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum and shall 

be located 5 inches (125 mm) maximum from the front of the unit. The angle of the water stream shall 

be measured horizontally relative to the front face of the unit. Where spouts are located less than 3 

inches (75 mm) of the front of the unit, the angle of the water stream shall be 30 degrees maximum. 

Where spouts are located between 3 inches (75 mm) and 5 inches (125 mm) maximum from the front of 

the unit, the angle of the water stream shall be 15 degrees maximum. 
Advisory V602.6 Water Flow. The purpose of requiring the drinking fountain spout to 

produce a flow of water 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum is so that a cup can be inserted 

under the flow of water to provide a drink of water for an individual who, because of a 

disability, would otherwise be incapable of using the drinking fountain. 

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V602.7 Drinking Fountains for Standing Persons. Spout outlets of drinking fountains for standing 

persons shall be 38 inches (965 mm) minimum and 43 inches (1090 mm) maximum above the finish 

deck surface.

V603 Toilet and Bathing Rooms

V603.1 General. Toilet and bathing rooms shall comply with V603.

V603.2 Clearances. Clearances shall comply with V603.2.

V603.2.1 Turning Space. Turning space complying with V304 shall be provided within the room.

V603.2.2 Overlap. Required clear deck spaces, clearance at fixtures, and turning space shall be 

permitted to overlap.

V603.2.3 Door Swing. Doors shall not swing into the clear deck space or clearance required for any 

fixture. Doors shall be permitted to swing into the required turning space.

EXCEPTION: Where the toilet room or bathing room is for individual use and a clear deck space 

complying with V305.3 is provided within the room, beyond the arc of the door swing, doors shall 

be permitted to swing into the clear deck space or clearance required for any fixture.

V603.3 Mirrors. Mirrors located above lavatories or countertops shall be installed with the bottom edge 

of the reflecting surface 40 inches (1015 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface. Mirrors not 

located above lavatories or countertops shall be installed with the bottom edge of the reflecting surface 

35 inches (890 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface. 

Advisory V603.3 Mirrors. A single full-length mirror can accommodate a greater number 

of people, including children. In order for mirrors to be usable by people who are 

ambulatory and people who use wheelchairs, the top edge of mirrors should be 74 inches 

(1880 mm) minimum from the deck surface. 

 

V603.4 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Coat hooks shall be located within one of the reach ranges specified 

in V308. Shelves shall be located 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum 

above the finish deck surface.

V604 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments (Stalls)

V604.1 General. Water closets and toilet compartments shall comply with V604.2 through V604.8.

EXCEPTION: Water closets and toilet compartments for children's use shall be permitted to comply 

with V604.9.
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165 

V604.2 Location. The water closet shall be positioned with a wall or partition to the rear and to one 

side. The centerline of the water closet shall be 16 inches (405 mm) minimum to 18 inches (455 mm) 

maximum from the side wall or partition, except that the water closet shall be 17 inches (430 mm) 

minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum from the side wall or partition in the ambulatory accessible 

toilet compartment specified in V604.8.2. Water closets shall be arranged for a left-hand or right-hand 

approach. 

Figure V604.2

Water Closet Location

 

V604.3 Clearance. Clearances around water closets and in toilet compartments shall comply with 

V604.3.

V604.3.1 Size. Clearance around a water closet shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum measured 

perpendicular from the side wall and 56 inches (1420 mm) minimum measured perpendicular from 

the rear wall. 

Advisory V604.3.1 Size. The section specifies the size requirement for the clearance 

required around a water closet required to comply with this document by V213.3.1. Other 

clearance requirements apply to the room and other features in the room. For example, 

V603.2.1 requires the accessible toilet room to have a turning space and V404.2.4 requires 

accessible doors to have maneuvering clearances. All the clearances together, even when 

overlapping, will produce a room size larger than the water closet clearance. 

 
Figure V604.3.1

Size of Clearance at Water Closets

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166

V604.3.2 Overlap. The required clearance around the water closet shall be permitted to overlap the 

water closet, associated grab bars, dispensers, sanitary napkin disposal units, coat hooks, shelves, 

accessible routes, clear deck spaces and clearances required at other fixtures, and the turning 

space. No other fixtures or obstructions shall be located within the required water closet clearance. 

Advisory V604.3.2 Overlap. When the door to the toilet room is placed directly in front of 

the water closet, the water closet cannot overlap the required maneuvering clearance for the 

door inside the room. Clearances required at other fixtures (e.g., water closet and shower) 

may overlap. 

 

V604.4 Seats. The seat height of a water closet above the finish deck surface shall be 17 inches (430 

mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum measured to the top of the seat. Seats shall not be 

sprung to return to a lifted position.

V604.5 Grab Bars. Grab bars for water closets shall comply with V609. Grab bars shall be provided on 

the side wall closest to the water closet and on the rear wall.

V604.5.1 Side Wall. The side wall grab bar shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) long minimum, located 12 

inches (305 mm) maximum from the rear wall and extending 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum from the 

rear wall. 
Figure V604.5.1

Side Wall Grab Bar at Water Closets

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167 

V604.5.2 Rear Wall. The rear wall grab bar shall be 36 inches (915 mm) long minimum and extend 

from the centerline of the water closet 12 inches (305 mm) minimum on one side and 24 inches (610 

mm) minimum on the other side.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. The rear grab bar shall be permitted to be 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum, 

centered on the water closet, where wall space does not permit a length of 36 inches (915 mm) 

minimum due to the location of a recessed fixture adjacent to the water closet.

2. Where an administrative authority requires flush controls for flush valves to be located in a 

position that conflicts with the location of the rear grab bar, then the rear grab bar shall be 

permitted to be split or shifted to the open side of the toilet area. 

Figure V604.5.2

Rear Wall Grab Bar at Water Closets

 

V604.6 Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be hand operated or automatic. Hand operated flush 

controls shall comply with V309. Flush controls shall be located on the open side of the water closet, 

except in compartments with vacuum flush systems and in ambulatory accessible compartments 

complying with V604.8.2. 
Advisory V604.6 Flush Controls. If plumbing valves are located directly behind the toilet 

seat, flush valves and related plumbing can cause injury or imbalance when a person leans 

back against them. To prevent causing injury or imbalance, the plumbing can be located 

behind walls or to the side of the toilet; or provide a toilet seat lid.

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V604.7 Dispensers. Toilet paper dispensers shall comply with V309.4 and shall be 7 inches (180 mm) 

minimum and 9 inches (230 mm) maximum in front of the water closet measured to the centerline of the 

dispenser. The outlet of the dispenser shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) 

maximum above the finish deck surface and shall not be located behind grab bars. Dispensers shall not 

be of a type that controls delivery or that does not allow continuous paper flow. 

Advisory V604.7 Dispensers. If toilet paper dispensers are installed above the side wall 

grab bar, the outlet of the toilet paper dispenser must be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum 

above the finish deck surface and the top of the gripping surface of the grab bar must be 33 

inches (840 mm) minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) maximum above the finished deck 

surface. 

 

Figure V604.7

Dispenser Outlet Location

 

V604.8 Toilet Compartments. Wheelchair accessible toilet compartments shall meet the requirements 

of V604.8.1 and V604.8.3. Compartments containing more than one plumbing fixture shall comply with 

V603. Ambulatory accessible compartments shall comply with V604.8.2 and V604.8.3.

V604.8.1 Wheelchair Accessible Compartments. Wheelchair accessible compartments shall 

comply with V604.8.1.

V604.8.1.1 Size. Wheelchair accessible compartments shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide 

minimum measured perpendicular to the side wall, and 56 inches (1420 mm) deep minimum for 

wall hung water closets, and 59 inches (1500 mm) deep minimum for deck surface mounted 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

169 

water closets measured perpendicular to the rear wall. Wheelchair accessible compartments for 

children’s use shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum measured perpendicular to the side 

wall, and 59 inches (1500 mm) deep minimum for wall hung and deck surface mounted water 

closets measured perpendicular to the rear wall. 

Advisory V604.8.1.1 Size. The minimum space required in toilet compartments is provided 

so that a person using a wheelchair can maneuver into position at the water closet. This 

space cannot be obstructed by baby changing tables or other fixtures or conveniences, 

except as specified at V604.3.2 (Overlap). If toilet compartments are to be used to house 

fixtures other than those associated with the water closet, they must be designed to exceed 

the minimum space requirements. Convenience fixtures such as baby changing tables 

must also be accessible to people with disabilities as well as to other users. Toilet 

compartments that are designed to meet, and not exceed, the minimum space requirements 

may not provide adequate space for maneuvering into position at a baby changing table. 

 

Figure V604.8.1.1

Size of Wheelchair Accessible Toilet Compartment

 

V604.8.1.2 Doors. Toilet compartment doors, including door hardware, shall comply with V404 

except that if the approach is to the latch side of the compartment door, clearance between the 

door side of the compartment and any obstruction shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum. 

Doors shall be located in the front partition or in the side wall or partition farthest from the water 

closet. Where located in the front partition, the door opening shall be 4 inches (100 mm) 

maximum from the side wall or partition farthest from the water closet. Where located in the side 

wall or partition, the door opening shall be 4 inches (100 mm) maximum from the front partition. 

The door shall be self-closing. A door pull complying with V404.2.7 shall be placed on both sides 

of the door near the latch. Toilet compartment doors shall not swing into the minimum required 

compartment area. 
Figure V604.8.1.2

Wheelchair Accessible Toilet Compartment Doors

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V604.8.1.3 Approach. Compartments shall be arranged for left-hand or right-hand approach to 

the water closet.

V604.8.1.4 Toe Clearance. The front partition and at least one side partition shall provide a toe 

clearance of 9 inches (230 mm) minimum above the finish deck surface and 6 inches (150 mm) 

deep minimum beyond the compartment-side face of the partition, exclusive of partition support 

members. Compartments for children’s use shall provide a toe clearance of 12 inches (305 mm) 

minimum above the finish deck surface.

EXCEPTION: Toe clearance at the front partition shall not be required in a compartment 

greater than 62 inches (1575 mm) deep with a wall-hung water closet or 65 inches (1650 

mm) deep with a deck-surface-mounted water closet. Toe clearance at the side partition shall 

not be required in a compartment greater than 66 inches (1675 mm) wide. Toe clearance at 

the front partition shall not be required in a compartment for children’s use that is greater than 

65 inches (1650 mm) deep. 

V604.8.1.5 Grab Bars. Grab bars shall comply with V609. A side-wall grab bar complying with 

V604.5.1 shall be provided and shall be located on the wall closest to the water closet. In 

addition, a rear-wall grab bar complying with V604.5.2 shall be provided. 
Figure V604.8.1.4

Wheelchair Accessible Toilet Compartment Toe Clearance

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V604.8.2 Ambulatory Accessible Compartments. Ambulatory accessible compartments shall 

comply with V604.8.2.

V604.8.2.1 Size. Ambulatory accessible compartments shall have a depth of 60 inches (1525 

mm) minimum and a width of 35 inches (890 mm) minimum and 37 inches (940 mm) maximum.

V604.8.2.2 Doors. Toilet compartment doors, including door hardware, shall comply with V404, 

except that if the approach is to the latch side of the compartment door, clearance between the 

door side of the compartment and any obstruction shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum. The 

door shall be self-closing. A door pull complying with V404.2.7 shall be placed on both sides of 

the door near the latch. Toilet compartment doors shall not swing into the minimum required 

compartment area.

V604.8.2.3 Grab Bars. Grab bars shall comply with V609. A side-wall grab bar complying with 

V604.5.1 shall be provided on both sides of the compartment. 
Figure V604.8.2

Ambulatory Accessible Toilet Compartment

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V604.8.3 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Coat hooks shall be located within one of the reach ranges 

specified in V308. Shelves shall be located 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 

mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.

V604.9 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments for Children's Use. Water closets and toilet 

compartments for children's use shall comply with V604.9. 

Advisory V604.9 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments for Children's Use. The 

requirements in V604.9 are to be followed where the exception for children's water closets in 

V604.1 is used. The following table provides additional guidance in applying the 

specifications for water closets for children according to the age group served and reflects 

the differences in the size, stature, and reach ranges of children ages 3 through 12. The 

specifications chosen should correspond to the age of the primary user group. The 

specifications of one age group should be applied consistently in the installation of a water 

closet and related elements. 

 

Advisory Specifications for Water Closets Serving Children Ages 3 through 12

Ages 3 and 4 Ages 5 through 8 Ages 9 through 12

Water Closet 

Centerline

12 inches

(305 mm)

12 to 15 inches

(305 to 380 mm)

15 to 18 inches

(380 to 455 mm)

Toilet Seat Height 11 to 12 inches

(280 to 305 mm)

12 to 15 inches

(305 to 380 mm)

15 to 17 inches

(380 to 430 mm)
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V604.9.1 Location. The water closet shall be located with a wall or partition to the rear and to one 

side. The centerline of the water closet shall be 12 inches (305 mm) minimum and 18 inches (455 

mm) maximum from the side wall or partition, except that the water closet shall be 17 inches (430 

mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum from the side wall or partition in the ambulatory 

accessible toilet compartment specified in V604.8.2. Compartments shall be arranged for left-hand 

or right-hand approach to the water closet.

V604.9.2 Clearance. Clearance around a water closet shall comply with V604.3.

V604.9.3 Height. The height of water closets shall be 11 inches (280 mm) minimum and 17 inches 

(430 mm) maximum measured to the top of the seat. Seats shall not be sprung to return to a lifted 

position.

V604.9.4 Grab Bars. Grab bars for water closets shall comply with V604.5.

V604.9.5 Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be hand operated or automatic. Hand operated flush 

controls shall comply with V309.2 and V309.4 and shall be installed 36 inches (915 mm) maximum 

above the finish deck surface. Flush controls shall be located on the open side of the water closet, 

except in compartments with vacuum flush systems and in ambulatory accessible compartments 

complying with V604.8.2.

V604.9.6 Dispensers. Toilet paper dispensers shall comply with V309.4 and shall be 7 inches (180 

mm) minimum and 9 inches (230 mm) maximum in front of the water closet measured to the 

centerline of the dispenser. The outlet of the dispenser shall be 14 inches (355 mm) minimum and 

19 inches (485 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface. There shall be a clearance of 11⁄2 

inches (38 mm) minimum below the grab bar. Dispensers shall not be of a type that controls delivery 

or that does not allow continuous paper flow.

V604.9.7 Toilet Compartments. Toilet compartments shall comply with V604.8.

V605 Urinals

V605.1 General. Urinals shall comply with V605. 

Advisory V605.1 General. Stall-type urinals provide greater accessibility for a broader 

range of persons, including people of short stature. 

 

Grab Bar Height 18 to 20 inches

(455 to 510 mm)

20 to 25 inches

(510 to 635 mm)

25 to 27 inches

(635 to 685 mm)

Dispenser Height 14 inches

(355 mm)

14 to 17 inches

(355 to 430 mm)

17 to 19 inches

(430 to 485 mm)

Advisory Specifications for Water Closets Serving Children Ages 3 through 12

Ages 3 and 4 Ages 5 through 8 Ages 9 through 12
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V605.2 Height and Depth. Urinals shall be the stall-type or the wall-hung type with the rim 17 inches 

(430 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface. Urinals shall be 131⁄2 inches (345 mm) deep 

minimum measured from the outer face of the urinal rim to the back of the fixture. 

Figure V605.2

Height and Depth of Urinals

 

V605.3 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 positioned for forward approach 

shall be provided.

V605.4 Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be hand operated or automatic. Hand operated flush 

controls shall comply with V309.

V606 Lavatories and Sinks

V606.1 General. Lavatories and sinks shall comply with V606. 

Advisory V606.1 General. If soap and towel dispensers are provided, they must be 

located within the reach ranges specified in V308. Locate soap and towel dispensers so 

that they are conveniently usable by a person at the accessible lavatory. 

 

V606.2 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305, positioned for a forward approach, 

and knee and toe clearance complying with V306 shall be provided.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. A parallel approach complying with V305 shall be permitted to a galley and 

pantry sink in a space where a cook top or conventional range is not provided and to wet bars.

2. A knee clearance of 24 inches (610 mm) minimum above the finish deck surface shall be 

permitted at lavatories and sinks used primarily by children 6 through 12 years where the rim or 

counter surface is 31 inches (785 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.

3. A parallel approach complying with V305 shall be permitted to lavatories and sinks used primarily 

by children 5 years and younger.

4. The dip of the overflow shall not be considered in determining knee and toe clearances.

5. No more than one bowl of a multi-bowl sink shall be required to provide knee and toe clearance 

complying with V306.
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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V606.3 Height. Lavatories and sinks shall be installed with the front of the higher of the rim or counter 

surface 34 inches (865 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.

V606.4 Faucets. Controls for faucets shall comply with V309. Hand-operated, metering faucets shall 

remain open for 10 seconds minimum.

V606.5 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces. Water supply and drain pipes under lavatories and sinks shall 

be insulated or otherwise configured to protect against contact. There shall be no sharp or abrasive 

surfaces under lavatories and sinks.

V607 Bathtubs

V607.1 General. Bathtubs shall comply with V607.

V607.2 Clearance. Clearance in front of bathtubs shall extend the length of the bathtub and shall be 30 

inches (760 mm) wide minimum. A lavatory complying with V606 shall be permitted at the control end of 

the clearance. Where a permanent seat is provided at the head end of the bathtub, the clearance shall 

extend 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the wall at the head end of the bathtub. 

Figure V607.2

Clearance for Bathtubs

 

V607.3 Seat. A permanent seat at the head end of the bathtub or a removable in-tub seat shall be 

provided. Seats shall comply with V610.

V607.4 Grab Bars. Grab bars for bathtubs shall comply with V609 and shall be provided in accordance 

with V607.4.1 or V607.4.2.

V607.4.1 Bathtubs With Permanent Seats. For bathtubs with permanent seats, grab bars shall be 

provided in accordance with V607.4.1.
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V607.4.1.1 Back Wall. Two grab bars shall be installed on the back wall, one located in 

accordance with V609.4 and the other located 8 inches (205 mm) minimum and 10 inches (255 

mm) maximum above the rim of the bathtub. Each grab bar shall be installed 15 inches (380 

mm) maximum from the head end wall and 12 inches (305 mm) maximum from the control end 

wall.

V607.4.1.2 Control End Wall. A grab bar 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum shall be installed 

on the control end wall at the front edge of the bathtub. 

Figure V607.4.1

Grab Bars for Bathtubs with Permanent Seats

 

V607.4.2 Bathtubs Without Permanent Seats. For bathtubs without permanent seats, grab bars 

shall comply with V607.4.2.

V607.4.2.1 Back Wall. Two grab bars shall be installed on the back wall, one located in 

accordance with V609.4 and the other located 8 inches (205 mm) minimum and 10 inches (255 

mm) maximum above the rim of the bathtub. Each grab bar shall be 24 inches (610 mm) long 

minimum and shall be installed 24 inches (610 mm) maximum from the head end wall and 12 

inches (305 mm) maximum from the control end wall.

V607.4.2.2 Control End Wall. A grab bar 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum shall be installed 

on the control end wall at the front edge of the bathtub.

V607.4.2.3 Head End Wall. A grab bar 12 inches (305 mm) long minimum shall be installed on 

the head end wall at the front edge of the bathtub. 
Figure V607.4.2

Grab Bars for Bathtubs with Removable In-Tub Seats

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V607.5 Controls. Controls, other than drain stoppers, shall be located on an end wall. Controls shall be 

between the bathtub rim and grab bar, and between the open side of the bathtub and the centerline of 

the width of the bathtub. Controls shall comply with V309.4. 

Figure V607.5

Bathtub Control Location

 

V607.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water. A shower spray unit with a hose 59 inches (1500 mm) long 

minimum that can be used both as a fixed-position shower head and as a hand-held shower shall be 

provided. The shower spray unit shall have an on/off control with a non-positive shut-off. If an 

adjustable-height shower head on a vertical bar is used, the bar shall be installed so as not to obstruct 

the use of grab bars. Bathtub shower spray units shall deliver water that is 120°F (49°C) maximum. 

Advisory V607.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water. Ensure that hand-held shower spray 

units are capable of delivering water pressure substantially equivalent to fixed shower 

heads. 

 
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V607.7 Bathtub Enclosures. Enclosures for bathtubs shall not obstruct controls, faucets, shower and 

spray units, or obstruct transfer from wheelchairs onto bathtub seats or into bathtubs. Enclosures on 

bathtubs shall not have tracks installed on the rim of the open face of the bathtub.

V608 Shower Compartments and Rinsing Showers

V608.1 General. Shower compartments and rinsing showers shall comply with V608. 

Advisory V608.1 General. Shower stalls that are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide and have no 

curb may increase the usability of a bathroom because the shower area provides additional 

maneuvering space. 

 

V608.2 Size and Clearances for Shower Compartments and Rinsing Showers. Shower 

compartments and rinsing showers shall have sizes and clearances complying with V608.2.

V608.2.1 Transfer Type Shower Compartments. Transfer type shower compartments shall be 36 

inches (915 mm) by 36 inches (915 mm) clear inside dimensions measured at the center points of 

opposing sides and shall have a 36 inch (915 mm) wide minimum entry on the face of the shower 

compartment. Clearance of 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) long 

minimum measured from the control wall shall be provided. 

Figure V608.2.1

Transfer Type Shower Compartment Size and Clearance

 
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V608.2.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. Standard roll-in type shower 

compartments shall be 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) deep minimum 

clear inside dimensions measured at center points of opposing sides and shall have a 60 inches 

(1525 mm) wide minimum entry on the face of the shower compartment. 

V608.2.2.1 Clearance. A 30 inch (760 mm) wide minimum by 60 inch (1525 mm) long minimum 

clearance shall be provided adjacent to the open face of the shower compartment. 

EXCEPTION: A lavatory complying with V606 shall be permitted on one 30 inch (760 mm) 

wide minimum side of the clearance if it is not on the side of the clearance adjacent to the 

controls or, where provided, not on the side of the clearance adjacent to the shower seat. 

Figure V608.2.2

Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartment Size and Clearance

 

V608.2.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. Alternate roll-in type shower 

compartments shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide and 60 inches (1525 mm) deep minimum clear 

inside dimensions measured at center points of opposing sides. A 36 inch (915 mm) wide minimum 

entry shall be provided at one end of the long side of the compartment. 
Figure V608.2.3

Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartment Size and Clearance

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V608.2.4 Rinsing Showers. At rinsing showers, a clear deck space 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum 

by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum shall be provided. The shower head location shall be centered on 

one side of the clear deck space. 

V608.3 Grab Bars. Grab bars shall comply with V609 and shall be provided in accordance with V608.3. 

Where multiple grab bars are used, required horizontal grab bars shall be installed at the same height 

above the finish deck surface.

V608.3.1 Transfer Type Shower Compartments. In transfer type compartments, grab bars shall be 

provided across the control wall and back wall to a point 18 inches (455 mm) from the control wall.

Figure V608.3.1

Grab Bars for Transfer Type Showers

 

V608.3.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. Where a seat is provided in standard 

roll-in type shower compartments, grab bars shall be provided on the back wall and, if provided, on 
Proposed Passenger Vessels Accessibility Guidelines

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the side wall opposite the seat. Grab bars shall not be provided above the seat. Where a seat is not 

provided in standard roll-in type shower compartments, grab bars shall be provided on three walls. 

Grab bars shall be installed 6 inches (150 mm) maximum from adjacent walls. 

Figure V608.3.2

Grab Bars for Standard Roll-In Type Showers

V608.3.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. In alternate roll-in type shower 

compartments, grab bars shall be provided on the back wall and the side wall farthest from the 

compartment entry. Grab bars shall not be provided above the seat. Grab bars shall be installed 6 

inches (150 mm) maximum from adjacent walls. 

Figure V608.3.3

Grab Bars for Alternate Roll-In Type Showers

 

V608.4 Seats. A folding or non-folding seat shall be provided in transfer type shower compartments. A 

folding seat shall be provided in roll-in type showers required in guest rooms with mobility features 

complying with V806.2. Seats shall comply with V610. Seats shall not be provided in rinsing showers 

unless the rinsing showers meet the criteria in V608 for transfer-type, standard roll-in type, or alternate 

roll-in type showers.

V608.5 Controls. In shower compartments, controls, faucets, and shower spray units shall comply with 

V309.4 and V608.5. In rinsing showers, controls, faucets, and shower spray units shall comply with 

V309.
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V608.5.1 Transfer Type Shower Compartments. In transfer type shower compartments, the 

controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be installed on the side wall opposite the seat 38 

inches (965 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the shower deck surface and 

shall be located on the control wall 15 inches (380 mm) maximum from the centerline of the seat 

toward the shower opening. 

Figure V608.5.1

Transfer Type Shower Compartment Control Location

 

V608.5.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. In standard roll-in type shower 

compartments, the controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be located above the grab bar, but 

no higher than 48 inches (1220 mm) above the shower deck surface. Where a seat is provided, the 

controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be installed on the back wall adjacent to the seat wall 

and shall be located 27 inches (685 mm) maximum from the seat wall. 

Advisory V608.5.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. In standard roll-in 

type showers without seats, the shower head and operable parts can be located on any of 

the three walls of the shower without adversely affecting accessibility. 

 

Figure V608.5.2

Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartment Control Location

 
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V608.5.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. In alternate roll-in type shower 

compartments, the controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be located above the grab bar, but 

no higher than 48 inches (1220 mm) above the shower deck surface. Where a seat is provided, the 

controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be located on the side wall adjacent to the seat 27 

inches (685 mm) maximum from the side wall behind the seat or shall be located on the back wall 

opposite the seat 15 inches (380 mm) maximum, left or right, of the centerline of the seat. Where a 

seat is not provided, the controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be installed on the side wall 

farthest from the compartment entry. 

Figure V608.5.3

Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartment Control Location

 

V608.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water. In shower compartments and rinsing showers, a shower spray 

unit with a hose 59 inches (1500 mm) long minimum that can be used both as a fixed-position shower 

head and as a hand-held shower shall be provided. The shower spray unit shall have an on/off control 

with a non-positive shut-off. If an adjustable-height shower head on a vertical bar is used, the bar shall 

be installed so as not to obstruct the use of grab bars. Shower spray units shall deliver water that is 

120°F (49°C) maximum.
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EXCEPTION: A fixed shower head located at 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the shower 

finish deck surface shall be permitted instead of a hand-held spray unit in facilities that are not 

medical care facilities or guest rooms. 

Advisory V608.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water. Ensure that hand-held shower spray 

units are capable of delivering water pressure substantially equivalent to fixed shower 

heads. 

 

V608.7 Thresholds. Thresholds in rinsing showers and roll-in type shower compartments shall be 1⁄2 

inch (13 mm) high maximum in accordance with V303. In transfer type shower compartments, 

thresholds 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) high maximum shall be beveled, rounded, or vertical.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, a threshold 2 inches (51 mm) high maximum shall be permitted in 

transfer type shower compartments in existing vessels where provision of a 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) high 

threshold would disturb the structural integrity of the deck surface.

V608.8 Shower Enclosures. Enclosures for shower compartments and rinsing showers shall not 

obstruct controls, faucets, shower spray units and, where provided, shower seats.

V609 Grab Bars

V609.1 General. Grab bars in toilet facilities and bathing facilities shall comply with V609.

V609.2 Cross Section. Grab bars shall have a cross section complying with V609.2.1 or V609.2.2.

V609.2.1 Circular Cross Section. Grab bars with circular cross sections shall have an outside 

diameter of 11⁄4 inches (32 mm) minimum and 2 inches (51 mm) maximum.

V609.2.2 Non-Circular Cross Section. Grab bars with non-circular cross sections shall have a 

cross-section dimension of 2 inches (51 mm) maximum and a perimeter dimension of 4 inches (100 

mm) minimum and 4.8 inches (120 mm) maximum. 

Figure V609.2.2

Grab Bar Non-Circular Cross Section

 
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V609.3 Spacing. The space between the wall and the grab bar shall be 11⁄2 inches (38 mm). At rinsing 

showers, if grab bars are installed on posts, the space between the post and grab bar shall be 11⁄2 inches 

(38 mm). The space between the grab bar and projecting objects below and at the ends shall be 11⁄2 

inches (38 mm) minimum. The space between the grab bar and projecting objects above shall be 12 

inches (305 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTION: The space between the grab bars and shower controls, shower fittings, and other 

grab bars above shall be permitted to be 11⁄2 inches (38 mm) minimum. 

Figure V609.3

Spacing of Grab Bars

 

V609.4 Position of Grab Bars. Grab bars shall be installed in a horizontal position, 33 inches (840 mm) 

minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface measured to the top of the 

gripping surface, except that at water closets for children's use complying with V604.9, grab bars shall 

be installed in a horizontal position 18 inches (455 mm) minimum and 27 inches (685 mm) maximum 

above the finish deck surface measured to the top of the gripping surface. The height of the lower grab 

bar on the back wall of a bathtub shall comply with V607.4.1.1 or V607.4.2.1.

V609.5 Surface Hazards. Grab bars and any wall or other surfaces adjacent to grab bars shall be free 

of sharp or abrasive elements and shall have rounded edges.

V609.6 Fittings. Grab bars shall not rotate within their fittings.

V609.7 Installation. Grab bars shall be installed in any manner that provides a gripping surface at the 

specified locations and that does not obstruct the required clear deck space.

V609.8 Structural Strength. Allowable stresses shall not be exceeded for materials used when a 

vertical or horizontal force of 250 pounds (1112 N) is applied at any point on the grab bar, fastener, 

mounting device, or supporting structure.

V610 Seats

V610.1 General. Seats in bathtubs and shower compartments shall comply with V610.
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V610.2 Bathtub Seats. The top of bathtub seats shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches 

(485 mm) maximum above the bathroom finish deck surface. The depth of a removable in-tub seat shall 

be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 16 inches (405 mm) maximum. The seat shall be capable of 

secure placement. Permanent seats at the head end of the bathtub shall be 15 inches (380 mm) deep 

minimum and shall extend from the back wall to or beyond the outer edge of the bathtub. 

Figure V610.2

Bathtub Seats

V610.3 Shower Compartment Seats. Where a seat is provided in a standard roll-in shower 

compartment, it shall be a folding type, shall be installed on the side wall adjacent to the controls, and 

shall extend from the back wall to a point within 3 inches (75 mm) of the compartment entry. Where a 

seat is provided in an alternate roll-in type shower compartment, it shall be a folding type, shall be 

installed on the front wall opposite the back wall, and shall extend from the adjacent side wall to a point 

within 3 inches (75 mm) of the compartment entry. In transfer type showers, the seat shall extend from 

the back wall to a point within 3 inches (75 mm) of the compartment entry. The top of the seat shall be 

17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum above the bathroom finish deck 

surface. Seats shall comply with V610.3.1 or V610.3.2. 

Figure V610.3

Extent of Seat
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V610.3.1 Rectangular Seats. The rear edge of a rectangular seat shall be 21⁄2 inches (64 mm) 

maximum and the front edge 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 16 inches (405 mm) maximum from 

the seat wall. The side edge of the seat shall be 11⁄2 inches (38 mm) maximum from the adjacent 

wall. 

Figure V610.3.1

Rectangular Shower Seat

 

V610.3.2 L-Shaped Seats. The rear edge of an L-shaped seat shall be 21⁄2 inches (64 mm) 

maximum and the front edge 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 16 inches (405 mm) maximum from 

the seat wall. The rear edge of the "L" portion of the seat shall be 11⁄2 inches (38 mm) maximum from 

the wall and the front edge shall be 14 inches (355 mm) minimum and 15 inches (380 mm) maximum 

from the wall. The end of the "L" shall be 22 inches (560 mm) minimum and 23 inches maximum 

(585 mm) from the main seat wall. 

Figure V610.3.2

L-Shaped Shower Seat

 
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V610.4 Structural Strength. Allowable stresses shall not be exceeded for materials used when a 

vertical or horizontal force of 250 pounds (1112 N) is applied at any point on the seat, fastener, mounting 

device, or supporting structure.

V611 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers

V611.1 General. Washing machines and clothes dryers shall comply with V611.

V611.2 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 positioned for parallel approach 

shall be provided. The clear deck space shall be centered on the appliance.

V611.3 Operable Parts. Operable parts, including doors, lint screens, and detergent and bleach 

compartments shall comply with V309.

V611.4 Height. Top loading machines shall have the door to the laundry compartment located 36 inches 

(915 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface. Front loading machines shall have the bottom of the 

opening to the laundry compartment located 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) 

maximum above the finish deck surface. 

Figure V611.4

Height of Laundry Compartment Opening

 

V612 Saunas and Steam Rooms

V612.1 General. Saunas and steam rooms shall comply with V612.

V612.2 Bench. Where seating is provided in saunas and steam rooms, at least one bench shall comply 

with V903. Doors shall not swing into the clear deck space required by V903.2.

EXCEPTION: A readily removable bench shall be permitted to obstruct the turning space required 

by V612.3 and the clear deck space required by V903.2.

V612.3 Turning Space. A turning space complying with V304 shall be provided within saunas and 

steam rooms.
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CHAPTER V7: COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS AND FEATURES

V701 General

V701.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 7 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where 

referenced by a requirement in this document.

V702 Notification Appliances 

V702.1 General. Notification appliances in public areas shall comply with V702.

V702.2 U.S. Flag Passenger Vessels. U.S. flag passenger vessels shall provide visible notification 

appliances complying with section 18.5 of NFPA 72 (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced 

Standards” in Chapter 1). Visible notification appliances shall be activated upon activation of the 

passenger vessel general emergency alarm. 

V703 Signs

V703.1 General. Signs shall comply with V703. Where both visual and tactile characters are required, 

either one sign with both visual and tactile characters, or two separate signs, one with visual, and one 

with tactile characters, shall be provided.

V703.2 Raised Characters. Raised characters shall comply with V703.2 and shall be duplicated in 

braille complying with V703.3. Raised characters shall be installed in accordance with V703.4. 

Advisory V703.2 Raised Characters. Signs that are designed to be read by touch should 

not have sharp or abrasive edges. 

V703.2.1 Depth. Raised characters shall be 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) minimum above their background.

V703.2.2 Case. Characters shall be uppercase.

V703.2.3 Style. Characters shall be sans serif. Characters shall not be italic, oblique, script, highly 

decorative, or of other unusual forms.

V703.2.4 Character Proportions. Characters shall be selected from fonts where the width of the 

uppercase letter "O" is 55 percent minimum and 110 percent maximum of the height of the 

uppercase letter "I".

V703.2.5 Character Height. Character height measured vertically from the baseline of the 

character shall be 5/8 inch (16 mm) minimum and 2 inches (51 mm) maximum based on the height 

of the uppercase letter "I".

EXCEPTION: Where separate raised and visual characters with the same information are 

provided, raised character height shall be permitted to be 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) minimum. 
Figure V703.2.5

Height of Raised Characters

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V703.2.6 Stroke Thickness. Stroke thickness of the uppercase letter "I" shall be 15 percent 

maximum of the height of the character.

V703.2.7 Character Spacing. Character spacing shall be measured between the two closest points 

of adjacent raised characters within a message, excluding word spaces. Where characters have 

rectangular cross sections, spacing between individual raised characters shall be 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) 

minimum and 4 times the raised character stroke width maximum. Where characters have other 

cross sections, spacing between individual raised characters shall be 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) minimum 

and 4 times the raised character stroke width maximum at the base of the cross sections, and 1/8 

inch (3.2 mm) minimum and 4 times the raised character stroke width maximum at the top of the 

cross sections. Characters shall be separated from raised borders and decorative elements 3/8 inch 

(9.5 mm) minimum.

V703.2.8 Line Spacing. Spacing between the baselines of separate lines of raised characters within 

a message shall be 135 percent minimum and 170 percent maximum of the raised character height.

V703.3 Braille. Braille shall be contracted (Grade 2) and shall comply with V703.3 and V703.4. 

Advisory V703.3 Braille. Contracted (Grade 2) braille is an abbreviated method of 

displaying words in braille. For example, the word "men" is displayed using the braille 

symbols for "m" and "en". The word "women" would use the braille symbols for "w", "o", "m", 

and "en". Some grouping of letters have no contracted form, such as exit which would 

appear as "e", "x", "i", and "t". Also, numbers have no contracted form. Numbers in braille 

are created by using "a" to "j" for 1 to 0. By putting a “#” sign in front of the letter or letters 

the reader is told these are numbers not letters. Therefore, #abc means 123 and #aj means 

10. 

V703.3.1 Dimensions and Capitalization. Braille dots shall have a domed or rounded shape and 

shall comply with Table V703.3.1. The indication of an uppercase letter or letters shall only be used 

before the first word of sentences, proper nouns and names, individual letters of the alphabet, 

initials, and acronyms. 
Table V703.3.1 Braille Dimensions

Measurement Range Minimum in Inches

Maximum in Inches

Dot base diameter 0.059 (1.5 mm) to 0.063 (1.6 mm)

Distance between two dots in the same cell1

1. Measured center to center.

0.090 (2.3 mm) to 0.100 (2.5 mm)

Distance between corresponding dots in adjacent 

cells1

0.241 (6.1 mm) to 0.300 (7.6 mm)

Dot height 0.025 (0.6 mm) to 0.037 (0.9 mm)

Distance between corresponding dots from one 

cell directly below1

0.395 (10 mm) to 0.400 (10.2 mm)

Figure V703.3.1

Braille Measurement

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V703.3.2 Position. Braille shall be positioned below the corresponding text. If text is multi-lined, 

braille shall be placed below the entire text. Braille shall be separated 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) minimum 

from any other tactile characters and 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) minimum from raised borders and decorative 

elements.

EXCEPTION: Braille provided on elevator car controls shall be separated 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) 

minimum and shall be located either directly below or adjacent to the corresponding raised 

characters or symbols. 
Figure V703.3.2

Position of Braille

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V703.4 Installation Height and Location. Signs with tactile characters shall comply with V703.4.

V703.4.1 Height Above Finish Deck Surface. Tactile characters on signs shall be located 48 

inches (1220 mm) minimum above the finish deck surface, measured from the baseline of the lowest 

tactile character and 60 inches (1525 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface, measured from 

the baseline of the highest tactile character.

EXCEPTION: Tactile characters for elevator car controls shall not be required to comply with 

V703.4.1. 

Figure V703.4.1

Height of Tactile Characters Above Finish Deck Surface

 
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V703.4.2 Location. Where a tactile sign is provided at a door, the sign shall be located alongside 

the door at the latch side. Where a tactile sign is provided at double doors with one active leaf, the 

sign shall be located on the inactive leaf. Where a tactile sign is provided at double doors with two 

active leafs, the sign shall be located to the right of the right hand door. Where there is no wall space 

at the latch side of a single door or at the right side of double doors, signs shall be located on the 

nearest adjacent wall. Signs containing tactile characters shall be located so that a clear deck space 

of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum by 18 inches (455 mm) minimum, centered on the tactile characters, 

is provided beyond the arc of any door swing between the closed position and 45 degree open 

position.

EXCEPTION: Signs with tactile characters shall be permitted on the push side of doors with 

closers and without hold-open devices. 

Figure V703.4.2

Location of Tactile Signs at Doors

V703.5 Visual Characters. Visual characters shall comply with V703.5.

EXCEPTION: Where visual characters comply with V703.2 and are accompanied by braille 

complying with V703.3, they shall not be required to comply with V703.5.2 through V703.5.9.

V703.5.1 Finish and Contrast. Characters and their background shall have a non-glare finish. 

Characters shall contrast with their background with either light characters on a dark background or 

dark characters on a light background. 

Advisory V703.5.1 Finish and Contrast. Signs are more legible for persons with low 

vision when characters contrast as much as possible with their background. Additional 

factors affecting the ease with which the text can be distinguished from its background 

include shadows cast by lighting sources, surface glare, and the uniformity of the text and its 

background colors and textures. 

V703.5.2 Case. Characters shall be uppercase or lowercase or a combination of both.

V703.5.3 Style. Characters shall be conventional in form. Characters shall not be italic, oblique, 

script, highly decorative, or of other unusual forms.

V703.5.4 Character Proportions. Characters shall be selected from fonts where the width of the 

uppercase letter "O" is 55 percent minimum and 110 percent maximum of the height of the 

uppercase letter "I".
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V703.5.5 Character Height. Minimum character height shall comply with Table V703.5.5. Viewing 

distance shall be measured as the horizontal distance between the character and an obstruction 

preventing further approach towards the sign. Character height shall be based on the uppercase 

letter "I". 

Table V703.5.5 Visual Character Height

Height to Finish Deck Surface 

From Baseline of Character Horizontal Viewing Distance Minimum Character Height

40 inches (1015 mm) to less

than or equal to 70 inches

(1780 mm)

Less than 72 inches (1830 mm) 5/8 inch (16 mm)

72 inches (1830 mm) and 

greater

5/8 inch (16 mm), plus 1/8 inch 

(3.2 mm) per foot (305 mm) of 

viewing distance above 72 

inches (1830 mm)

Greater than 70 inches (1780 

mm) to less than or equal to 120 

inches (3050 mm)

Less than 180 inches (4570 mm) 2 inches (51 mm)

180 inches (4570 mm) and 

greater

2 inches (51 mm), plus 1/8 inch 

(3.2 mm) per foot (305 mm) of 

viewing distance above 180 

inches (4570 mm)

Greater than 120 inches

(3050 mm)

Less than 21 feet (6400 mm) 3 inches (75 mm)

21 feet (6400 mm) and greater 3 inches (75 mm), plus 1/8 inch 

(3.2 mm) per foot (305 mm) of 

viewing distance above 21 feet 

(6400 mm)

 

V703.5.6 Height From Finish Deck Surface. Visual characters shall be 40 inches (1015 mm) 

minimum above the finish deck surface. 

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Visual characters indicating elevator car controls shall not be required to 

comply with V703.5.6.

2. Where the administrative authority requires signs to be mounted below 40 inches (1015 mm), 

V703.5.6 shall not apply.

V703.5.7 Stroke Thickness. Stroke thickness of the uppercase letter "I" shall be 10 percent 

minimum and 30 percent maximum of the height of the character.

V703.5.8 Character Spacing. Character spacing shall be measured between the two closest points 

of adjacent characters, excluding word spaces. Spacing between individual characters shall be 10 

percent minimum and 35 percent maximum of character height.

V703.5.9 Line Spacing. Spacing between the baselines of separate lines of characters within a 

message shall be 135 percent minimum and 170 percent maximum of the character height.
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V703.6 Pictograms. Pictograms shall comply with V703.6.

V703.6.1 Pictogram Field. Pictograms shall have a field height of 6 inches (150 mm) minimum. 

Characters and braille shall not be located in the pictogram field. 

Figure V703.6.1

Pictogram Field

V703.6.2 Finish and Contrast. Pictograms and their field shall have a non-glare finish. Pictograms 

shall contrast with their field with either a light pictogram on a dark field or a dark pictogram on a light 

field. 

Advisory V703.6.2 Finish and Contrast. Signs are more legible for persons with low 

vision when characters contrast as much as possible with their background. Additional 

factors affecting the ease with which the text can be distinguished from its background 

include shadows cast by lighting sources, surface glare, and the uniformity of the text and 

background colors and textures. 

V703.6.3 Text Descriptors. Pictograms shall have text descriptors located directly below the 

pictogram field. Text descriptors shall comply with V703.2, V703.3 and V703.4.

V703.7 Symbols of Accessibility. Symbols of accessibility shall comply with V703.7.

V703.7.1 Finish and Contrast. Symbols of accessibility and their background shall have a nonglare finish. Symbols of accessibility shall contrast with their background with either a light symbol 

on a dark background or a dark symbol on a light background. 

Advisory V703.7.1 Finish and Contrast. Signs are more legible for persons with low 

vision when characters contrast as much as possible with their background. Additional 

factors affecting the ease with which the text can be distinguished from its background 

include shadows cast by lighting sources, surface glare, and the uniformity of the text and 

background colors and textures. 
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V703.7.2 Symbols.

V703.7.2.1 International Symbol of Accessibility. The International Symbol of Accessibility 

shall comply with Figure V703.7.2.1. 

Figure V703.7.2.1

International Symbol of Accessibility

V703.7.2.2 International Symbol of TTY. The International Symbol of TTY shall comply with 

Figure V703.7.2.2. 

Figure V703.7.2.2

International Symbol of TTY

V703.7.2.3 Assistive Listening Systems. Assistive listening systems shall be identified by the 

International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss complying with Figure V703.7.2.3. 

Figure V703.7.2.3

International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss
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V704 Telephones

V704.1 General. Public telephones shall comply with V704.

V704.2 Wheelchair Accessible Telephones. Wheelchair accessible telephones shall comply with 

V704.2.

V704.2.1 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 shall be provided. The clear 

deck space shall not be obstructed by bases, enclosures, or seats. 

Advisory V704.2.1 Clear Deck Space. Because clear deck space is required to be 

unobstructed, telephones, enclosures and related telephone book storage cannot encroach 

on the required clear deck space and must comply with the provisions for protruding objects. 

(See Section V307). 

V704.2.1.1 Parallel Approach. Where a parallel approach is provided, the distance from the 

edge of the telephone enclosure to the face of the telephone unit shall be 10 inches (255 mm) 

maximum. 

Figure V704.2.1.1

Parallel Approach to Telephone

V704.2.1.2 Forward Approach. Where a forward approach is provided, the distance from the 

front edge of a counter within the telephone enclosure to the face of the telephone unit shall be 

20 inches (510 mm) maximum. 

Figure V704.2.1.2

Forward Approach to Telephone
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V704.2.2 Operable Parts. Operable parts shall comply with V309. Telephones shall have pushbutton controls where such service is available.

V704.2.3 Telephone Directories. Telephone directories, where provided, shall be located in 

accordance with V309.

V704.2.4 Cord Length. The cord from the telephone to the handset shall be 29 inches (735 mm) 

long minimum.

V704.3 Volume Control Telephones. Public telephones required to have volume controls shall be 

equipped with a receiver volume control that provides a gain adjustable up to 20 dB minimum. For 

incremental volume control, provide at least one intermediate step of 12 dB of gain minimum. An 

automatic reset shall be provided. 

Advisory V704.3 Volume Control Telephones. Amplifiers on pay phones are located in 

the base or the handset or are built into the telephone. Most are operated by pressing a 

button or key. If the microphone in the handset is not being used, a mute button that 

temporarily turns off the microphone can also reduce the amount of background noise which 

the person hears in the earpiece. If a volume adjustment is provided that allows the user to 

set the level anywhere from the base volume to the upper requirement of 20 dB, there is no 

need to specify a lower limit. If a stepped volume control is provided, one of the 

intermediate levels must provide 12 dB of gain. Consider compatibility issues when 

matching an amplified handset with a phone or phone system. Amplified handsets that can 

be switched with pay telephone handsets are available. Portable and inline amplifiers can 

be used with some phones but are not practical at most public phones covered by these 

requirements.

V704.4 TTYs. TTYs required at a public telephone shall be permanently affixed within, or adjacent to, 

the telephone enclosure. Where an acoustic coupler is used, the telephone cord shall be sufficiently 

long to allow connection of the TTY and the telephone receiver.

V704.4.1 Height. When in use, the touch surface of TTY keypads shall be 34 inches (865 mm) 

minimum above the finish deck surface.

EXCEPTION: Where seats are provided, V704.4.1 shall not apply. 

Advisory V704.4.1 Height. A telephone with a TTY installed underneath cannot also be a 

wheelchair accessible telephone because the required 34 inches (865 mm) minimum 

keypad height can cause the highest operable part of the telephone, usually the coin slot, to 

exceed the maximum permitted side and forward reach ranges. (See Section V308).

Advisory V704.4.1 Height Exception. While seats are not required at TTYs, reading and 

typing at a TTY is more suited to sitting than standing. 
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V705 Two-Way Communication Systems

V705.1 General. Two-way communication systems shall comply with V705. 

Advisory V705.1 General. Devices that do not require handsets are easier to use by 

people who have a limited reach. 

V705.2 Audible and Visual Indicators. The system shall provide both audible and visual signals. 

Advisory V705.2 Audible and Visual Indicators. A light can be used to indicate visually 

that assistance is on the way. Signs indicating the meaning of visual signals should be 

provided.

V705.3 Handsets. Handset cords, if provided, shall be 29 inches (735 mm) long minimum.

V706 Assistive Listening Systems

V706.1 General. Assistive listening systems shall comply with V706. 

Advisory V706.1 General. Assistive listening systems are generally categorized by their 

mode of transmission. There are hard-wired systems and three types of wireless systems: 

induction loop, infrared, and FM radio transmission. Each has different advantages and 

disadvantages that can help determine which system is best for a given application. For 

example, an FM system may be better than an infrared system in some open-air assemblies 

since infrared signals are less effective in sunlight. On the other hand, an infrared system is 

typically a better choice than an FM system where confidential transmission is important 

because it will be contained within a given space. Induction loop systems, however, enable 

persons who use hearing aids (or cochlear implants) equipped with telecoils to use the 

system without needing a separate receiver and headset.

V706.2 Receiver Jacks. Receivers required for use with an assistive listening system shall include a 

1/8 inch (3.2 mm) standard mono jack.

The technical standards for assistive listening systems describe minimum performance 

levels for volume, interference, and distortion. Sound pressure levels (SPL), expressed in 

decibels, measure output sound volume. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N), also 

expressed in decibels, represents the relationship between the loudness of a desired sound 

(the signal) and the background noise in a space or piece of equipment. The higher the 

SNR, the more intelligible the signal. The peak clipping level limits the distortion in signal 

output produced when high-volume sound waves are manipulated to serve assistive 

listening devices.

Selecting or specifying an effective assistive listening system for a large or complex venue 

requires assistance from a professional sound engineer who is knowledgeable about 

assistive technology and the communication needs of people with hearing loss. The Access 

Board has published technical assistance on assistive listening devices and systems (see 

www.access-board.gov).
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V706.3 Receiver Hearing-Aid Compatibility. Receivers required to be hearing-aid compatible shall 

interface with telecoils in hearing aids through the provision of neck loops. 

Advisory V706.3 Receiver Hearing-Aid Compatibility. The telecoil is a circuit installed 

inside many hearing aids (and cochlear implants). When the hearing aid is set to the telecoil 

mode, the hearing aid can pick up the electromagnetic energy emitted from the neck loop 

which is connected to an infrared or FM receiver. Receivers that are not compatible with 

hearing aids include those connected to ear buds (which may require removal of hearing 

aids), and earphones and headsets that must be worn over the ear which can create 

disruptive interference in the transmission and can be uncomfortable for people wearing 

hearing aids. Some headsets can function as neck loops. An exception is provided in 

V219.3 regarding the requirement of V706.3 where induction loop systems are installed 

because a telecoil-equipped hearing aid or cochlear implant serves as a receiver. Where 

inductive loops are provided, inductive loop receivers should be available to ensure access 

to people with hearing loss who do not use hearing aids or cochlear implants.

V706.4 Sound Pressure Level. Assistive listening systems shall be capable of providing a sound 

pressure level of 110 dB minimum and 118 dB maximum with a dynamic range on the volume control of 

50 dB.

V706.5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio. The signal-to-noise ratio for internally generated noise in assistive 

listening systems shall be 18 dB minimum.

V706.6 Peak Clipping Level. Peak clipping shall not exceed 18 dB of clipping relative to the peaks of 

speech.

V707 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines 

Advisory V707 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines. Interactive transaction 

machines (ITMs), other than ATMs, are not covered by Section V707. However, for entities 

covered by the ADA, the U.S. Department of Justice regulations that implement the ADA 

provide additional guidance regarding the relationship between these requirements and 

elements that are not directly addressed by these requirements. Federal procurement law 

requires that ITMs purchased by the Federal government comply with standards issued by 

the Access Board under Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended. This 

law covers a variety of products, including computer hardware and software, websites, 

phone systems, fax machines, copiers, and similar technologies. For more information on 

Section 508 consult the Access Board’s website at www.access-board.gov.

V707.1 General. Automatic teller machines and fare machines shall comply with V707. 
Advisory V707.1 General. If fare cards have one tactually distinctive corner they can be 

inserted with greater accuracy. Token collection devices that are designed to accommodate 

tokens which are perforated can allow a person to distinguish more readily between tokens 

and common coins. Place accessible gates and fare vending machines in close proximity to 

other accessible elements when feasible so the facility is easier to use.

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V707.2 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 shall be provided.

V707.3 Operable Parts. Operable parts shall comply with V309. Unless a clear or correct key is 

provided, each operable part shall be able to be differentiated by sound or touch, without activation.

V707.4 Privacy. Automatic teller machines shall provide the opportunity for the same degree of privacy 

of input and output available to all individuals. 

Advisory V707.4 Privacy. In addition to people who are blind or visually impaired, people 

with limited reach who use wheelchairs or have short stature, who cannot effectively block 

the ATM screen with their bodies, may prefer to use speech output. Speech output users 

can benefit from an option to render the visible screen blank, thereby affording them greater 

personal security and privacy.

V707.5 Speech Output. Machines shall be speech enabled. Operating instructions and orientation, 

visible transaction prompts, user input verification, error messages, and all displayed information for full 

use shall be accessible to and independently usable by individuals with vision impairments. Speech 

shall be delivered through a mechanism that is readily available to all users, including but not limited to, 

an industry standard connector or a telephone handset. Speech shall be recorded or digitized human, or 

synthesized.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Audible tones shall be permitted instead of speech for visible output that is not 

displayed for security purposes, including but not limited to, asterisks representing personal 

identification numbers.

2. Advertisements and other similar information shall not be required to be audible unless they 

convey information that can be used in the transaction being conducted.

3. Where speech synthesis cannot be supported, dynamic alphabetic output shall not be required to 

be audible. 

Advisory V707.5 Speech Output. If an ATM provides additional functions such as 

dispensing coupons, selling theater tickets, or providing copies of monthly statements, all 

such functions must be available to customers using speech output. To avoid confusion at 

the ATM, the method of initiating the speech mode should be easily discoverable and should 

not require specialized training. For example, if a telephone handset is provided, lifting the 

handset can initiate the speech mode.

V707.5.1 User Control. Speech shall be capable of being repeated or interrupted. Volume control 

shall be provided for the speech function.

EXCEPTION: Speech output for any single function shall be permitted to be automatically 

interrupted when a transaction is selected.
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V707.5.2 Receipts. Where receipts are provided, speech output devices shall provide audible 

balance inquiry information, error messages, and all other information on the printed receipt 

necessary to complete or verify the transaction.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Machine location, date and time of transaction, customer account number, 

and the machine identifier shall not be required to be audible.

2. Information on printed receipts that duplicates information available on-screen shall not be 

required to be presented in the form of an audible receipt.

3. Printed copies of bank statements and checks shall not be required to be audible.

V707.6 Input. Input devices shall comply with V707.6.

V707.6.1 Input Controls. At least one tactilely discernible input control shall be provided for each 

function. Where provided, key surfaces not on active areas of display screens, shall be raised above 

surrounding surfaces. Where membrane keys are the only method of input, each shall be tactilely 

discernible from surrounding surfaces and adjacent keys.

V707.6.2 Numeric Keys. Numeric keys shall be arranged in a 12-key ascending or descending 

telephone keypad layout. The number five key shall be tactilely distinct from the other keys. 

Advisory V707.6.2 Numeric Keys. Telephone keypads and computer keyboards differ in 

one significant feature, ascending versus descending numerical order. Both types of 

keypads are acceptable, if the computer-style keypad is organized similarly to the number 

pad located at the right on most computer keyboards, and does not resemble the line of 

numbers located above the computer keys.

 

Figure V707.6.2

Numeric Key Layout

V707.6.3 Function Keys. Function keys shall comply with V707.6.3.

V707.6.3.1 Contrast. Function keys shall contrast visually from background surfaces. 

Characters and symbols on key surfaces shall contrast visually from key surfaces. Visual 

contrast shall be either light-on-dark or dark-on-light.
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EXCEPTION: Tactile symbols required by V707.6.3.2 shall not be required to comply with 

V707.6.3.1.

V707.6.3.2 Tactile Symbols. Function key surfaces shall have tactile symbols as follows: Enter 

or Proceed key: raised circle; Clear or Correct key: raised left arrow; Cancel key: raised letter ex; 

Add Value key: raised plus sign; Decrease Value key: raised minus sign.

V707.7 Display Screen. The display screen shall comply with V707.7.

V707.7.1 Visibility. The display screen shall be visible from a point located 40 inches (1015 mm) 

above the center of the clear deck space in front of the machine.

V707.7.2 Characters. Characters displayed on the screen shall be in a sans serif font. Characters 

shall be 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) high minimum based on the uppercase letter "I". Characters shall 

contrast with their background with either light characters on a dark background or dark characters 

on a light background.

V707.8 Braille Instructions. Braille instructions for initiating the speech mode shall be provided. Braille 

shall comply with V703.3.
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CHAPTER V8: SPECIAL ROOMS, SPACES, AND ELEMENTS

V801 General

V801.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 8 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where 

referenced by a requirement in this document. 

V802 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats

V802.1 Wheelchair Spaces. Wheelchair spaces shall comply with V802.1.

EXCEPTION: Where ferries permitted to carry 150 or fewer passengers provide only one 

transportation seating area that is less than 100 square feet (9.29 m2), wheelchair spaces shall not 

be required to comply with V802.1.4 and V802.1.5.

V802.1.1 Deck Surface. The deck surface of wheelchair spaces shall comply with V302. Changes 

in level are not permitted.

EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.

V802.1.2 Width. A single wheelchair space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum. Where two 

adjacent wheelchair spaces are provided, each wheelchair space shall be 33 inches (840 mm) wide 

minimum. 

Figure V802.1.2

Width of Wheelchair Spaces

 

V802.1.3 Depth. Where a wheelchair space can be entered from the front or rear, the wheelchair 

space shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) deep minimum. Where a wheelchair space can be entered only 

from the side, the wheelchair space shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) deep minimum. 
Figure V802.1.3

Depth of Wheelchair Spaces

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V802.1.4 Approach. Wheelchair spaces shall adjoin accessible routes. Accessible routes shall not 

overlap wheelchair spaces. 

Advisory V802.1.4 Approach. Because accessible routes serving wheelchair spaces are 

not permitted to overlap the footprint of wheelchair spaces, access to any wheelchair space 

cannot be through another wheelchair space.

 

V802.1.5 Overlap. Wheelchair spaces shall not overlap accessible means of escape required by 

this document, and means of escape required by the administrative authority. 

Advisory V802.1.5 Overlap. V802.1.5 seeks to ensure wheelchair spaces do not project 

into and block (but may adjoin) the minimum clear width of accessible means of escape 

required by V207, and other means of escape required by the administrative authority which 

generally provide emergency evacuation paths for use by passengers and crew.

V802.1.6 Tables and Counters. Where wheelchair spaces are provided at tables or counters, the 

tables and counters shall comply with V902. The knee and toe clearance required by V902.2 shall 

extend the width of the wheelchair space.

V802.2 Lines of Sight. Lines of sight to the screen, or performance area, for spectators in wheelchair 

spaces shall comply with V802.2.

V802.2.1 Lines of Sight Over Seated Spectators. Where spectators are expected to remain 

seated during events, spectators in wheelchair spaces shall be afforded lines of sight complying with 

V802.2.1.
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V802.2.1.1 Lines of Sight Over Heads. Where spectators are provided lines of sight over the 

heads of spectators seated in the first row in front of their seats, spectators seated in wheelchair 

spaces shall be afforded lines of sight over the heads of seated spectators in the first row in front 

of wheelchair spaces. 

Figure V802.2.1.1

Lines of Sight Over the Heads of Seated Spectators

V802.2.1.2 Lines of Sight Between Heads. Where spectators are provided lines of sight over 

the shoulders and between the heads of spectators seated in the first row in front of their seats, 

spectators seated in wheelchair spaces shall be afforded lines of sight over the shoulders and 

between the heads of seated spectators in the first row in front of wheelchair spaces. 

Figure V802.2.1.2

Lines of Sight Between the Heads of Seated Spectators

 

V802.2.2 Lines of Sight Over Standing Spectators. Where spectators are expected to stand 

during events, spectators in wheelchair spaces shall be afforded lines of sight complying with 

V802.2.2.
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V802.2.2.1 Lines of Sight Over Heads. Where standing spectators are provided lines of 

sight over the heads of spectators standing in the first row in front of their seats, spectators 

seated in wheelchair spaces shall be afforded lines of sight over the heads of standing 

spectators in the first row in front of wheelchair spaces. 

Figure V802.2.2.1

Lines of Sight Over the Heads of Standing Spectators

V802.2.2.2 Lines of Sight Between Heads. Where standing spectators are provided lines 

of sight over the shoulders and between the heads of spectators standing in the first row in 

front of their seats, spectators seated in wheelchair spaces shall be afforded lines of sight 

over the shoulders and between the heads of standing spectators in the first row in front of 

wheelchair spaces. 

Figure V802.2.2.2

Lines of Sight Between the Heads of Standing Spectators
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V802.3 Companion Seats. Companion seats shall comply with V802.3.

V802.3.1 Alignment. Companion seats shall be located to provide shoulder alignment with adjacent 

wheelchair spaces. The shoulder alignment point of the wheelchair space shall be measured 36 

inches (915 mm) from the front of the wheelchair space. The deck surface of the companion seat 

shall be at the same elevation as the deck surface of the wheelchair space.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where seats in the assembly area are not arranged to provide lines of sight 

to fixed screens or performance areas, companion seats shall not be required to provide 

shoulder alignment with adjacent wheelchair spaces.

2. Companion seats at tables and counters shall not be required to provide shoulder alignment 

with adjacent wheelchair spaces.

V802.3.2 Type. Companion seats shall be equivalent in size, quality, comfort, and amenities to the 

seating in the immediate area. Companion seats shall be permitted to be movable.

V802.4 Designated Aisle Seats. Designated aisle seats shall comply with V802.4.

V802.4.1 Armrests. Where armrests are provided on the seating in the immediate area, folding or 

retractable armrests shall be provided on the aisle side of the seat.

V802.4.2 Identification. Each designated aisle seat shall be identified by a sign or marker. 

Advisory V802.4.2 Identification. Seats with folding or retractable armrests are intended 

for use by individuals who have difficulty walking. Consider identifying such seats with signs 

that contrast (light-on-dark or dark-on-light) and that are also photo luminescent.

V803 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms

V803.1 General. Dressing, fitting, and locker rooms shall comply with V803. 

Advisory V803.1 General. Partitions and doors should be designed to ensure that people 

using accessible dressing and fitting rooms have privacy equivalent to that afforded other 

users of the facility. Section V903.5 requires dressing room bench seats to be installed so 

that they are at the same height as a typical wheelchair seat, 17 inches (430 mm) to 19 

inches (485 mm). However, wheelchair seats can be lower than dressing room benches for 

people of short stature or children using wheelchairs.

V803.2 Turning Space. Turning space complying with V304 shall be provided within the room.

V803.3 Door Swing. Doors shall not swing into the room unless a clear deck space complying with 

V305.3 is provided, beyond the arc of the door swing.

V803.4 Benches. A bench complying with V903 shall be provided within the room.
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V803.5 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Coat hooks provided within the room shall be located within one of 

the reach ranges specified in V308. Shelves shall be 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum and 48 inches 

(1220 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.

V804 Galleys and Pantries

V804.1 General. Galleys and pantries shall comply with V804.

V804.2 Clearance. Where a pass through galley is provided, clearances shall comply with V804.2.1. 

Where a U-shaped galley is provided, clearances shall comply with V804.2.2.

EXCEPTION: Spaces that do not provide a cooktop or conventional range shall not be required to 

comply with V804.2. 

Advisory V804.2 Clearance. Clearances are measured from the furthest projecting face of 

all opposing base cabinets, counter tops, appliances, or walls, excluding hardware.

V804.2.1 Pass Through Galleys. In pass through galleys where counters, appliances, or cabinets 

are on two opposing sides, or where counters, appliances, or cabinets are opposite a parallel wall, 

clearance between all opposing base cabinets, counter tops, appliances, or walls within galley work 

areas shall be 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum. Pass through galleys shall have two entries. 

Figure V804.2.1

Pass Through Galleys

 
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V804.2.2 U-Shaped Galleys. In U-shaped galleys enclosed on three contiguous sides, clearance 

between all opposing base cabinets, counter tops, appliances, or walls within galley work areas shall 

be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum. 

Figure V804.2.2

U-Shaped Galleys

 

V804.3 Sinks. Sinks shall comply with V606.

V804.4 Storage. At least 50 percent of shelf space in storage facilities shall comply with V807.

V804.5 Appliances. Where provided, galley appliances shall comply with V804.5.

V804.5.1 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 shall be provided at each 

galley appliance. Clear deck spaces shall be permitted to overlap.

V804.5.2 Operable Parts. All appliance controls shall comply with V309.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Appliance doors and door latching devices shall not be required to comply 

with V309.4.

2. Bottom-hinged appliance doors, when in the open position, shall not be required to comply 

with V309.3.
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V804.5.3 Dishwasher. Clear deck space shall be positioned adjacent to the dishwasher door. The 

dishwasher door, in the open position, shall not obstruct the clear deck space for the dishwasher or 

the sink.

V804.5.4 Range or Cooktop. Where a forward approach is provided, the clear deck space shall 

provide knee and toe clearance complying with V306. Where knee and toe space is provided, the 

underside of the range or cooktop shall be insulated or otherwise configured to prevent burns, 

abrasions, or electrical shock. The location of controls shall not require reaching across burners.

V804.5.5 Oven. Ovens shall have controls on front panels.

V804.5.6 Refrigerator/Freezer. Combination refrigerators and freezers shall have at least 50 

percent of the freezer space 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface. The 

clear deck space shall be positioned for a parallel approach to the space dedicated to a refrigerator/

freezer with the centerline of the clear deck space offset 24 inches (610 mm) maximum from the 

centerline of the dedicated space.

V805 Medical Care Facilities

V805.1 General. Medical care facility patient sleeping rooms required to provide mobility features shall 

comply with V805.

V805.2 Turning Space. Turning space complying with V304 shall be provided within the room.

V805.3 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 shall be provided on each side of 

the bed. The clear deck space shall be positioned for a parallel approach to the side of the bed.

V805.4 Toilet and Bathing Rooms. Toilet and bathing rooms that are provided as part of a patient 

sleeping room shall comply with V603. Where provided, no fewer than one water closet, one lavatory, 

and one bathtub or shower shall comply with the applicable requirements of V603 through V610.

V806 Passenger Guest Rooms

V806.1 General. Guest rooms shall comply with V806. Guest rooms required to provide mobility 

features shall comply with V806.2. Guest rooms required to provide communication features shall 

comply with V806.3.

V806.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features. Guest rooms required to provide mobility features shall 

comply with V806.2. 

Advisory V806.2 Guest Rooms. The requirements in Section V806.2 do not include 

requirements that are common to all accessible spaces. For example, closets in guest 

rooms must comply with the applicable provisions for storage specified in scoping. 

V806.2.1 Living and Dining Areas. Living and dining areas shall be accessible.
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V806.2.2 Exterior Spaces. Exterior spaces, including patios, terraces and balconies that serve the 

guest room shall be accessible.

V806.2.3 Sleeping Areas. At least one sleeping area shall be accessible and shall provide a clear 

deck space complying with V305 on both sides of a bed. The clear deck space shall be positioned 

for parallel approach to the side of the bed.

EXCEPTION: Where a single clear deck space complying with V305 positioned for parallel 

approach is provided between two beds, a clear deck space shall not be required on both sides 

of a bed.

V806.2.4 Toilet and Bathing Facilities. At least one bathroom that is provided as part of a guest 

room shall comply with V603. No fewer than one water closet, one lavatory, and one bathtub or 

shower shall comply with applicable requirements of V603 through V610. In addition, required roll-in 

shower compartments shall comply with V608.2.2 or V608.2.3. Toilet and bathing fixtures required to 

comply with V603 through V610 shall be permitted to be located in more than one toilet or bathing 

area, if travel between fixtures does not require travel between other parts of the guest room.

V806.2.4.1 Vanity Counter Top Space. If vanity counter top space is provided in nonaccessible guest toilet or bathing rooms, comparable vanity counter top space in terms of size 

and proximity to the lavatory, shall also be provided in accessible guest toilet or bathing rooms. 

EXCEPTION: Shelving shall be permitted to be used to provide the comparable counter top 

space. 

Advisory V806.2.4.1 Vanity Counter Top Space. This provision is intended to ensure that 

guest rooms subject to V806.2 are provided with comparable vanity counter top space.

V806.2.5 Galleys and Pantries. Galleys and pantries shall comply with V804.

V806.2.6 Turning Space. Turning space complying with V304 shall be provided within the guest 

room.

V806.2.7 Doors to Adjacent Guest Rooms. Where provided, doors that connect adjacent guest 

rooms shall comply with V404.

EXCEPTION: Where the adjacent guest room is not required to comply with V806.2, the side of 

the door in the adjacent guest room shall not be required to comply with V404.2.4.

V806.2.8 Windows. Where glass and other glazed openings are provided for operation by 

passengers, at least one opening shall comply with V309.

V806.3 Guest Rooms with Communication Features. Guest rooms required to provide 

communication features shall comply with V806.3. 

V806.3.1 General Emergency Alarm. Where general emergency alarms are provided in passenger 

vessels, visible notification appliances complying with V806.3.3 shall be provided in the guest rooms 

to alert passengers of the general emergency alarms. The visible notification appliances shall not be 

used for any other purpose.
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V806.3.2 Smoke Alarm. Where smoke alarms are provided in guest rooms, visible notification 

appliances complying with V806.3.3 shall be provided in the guest rooms to alert passengers of 

smoke alarms. Such visible notification appliances shall not be used for any other purpose.

V806.3.3 Visible Notification Appliances. Visible notification appliances shall comply with 

V806.3.3.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, existing passenger vessels shall not be required to comply with 

V806.3.3 unless an existing alarm system is upgraded or replaced, or a new alarm system is 

installed.

V806.3.3.1 U.S. Flag Passenger Vessels. U.S. flag passenger vessels shall provide visible 

notification appliances complying with applicable sections in 18.5 of NFPA 72 (incorporated by 

reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1). 

V806.3.3.2 General Alarm Activation. Visible notification appliances provided in guest rooms 

for the general emergency alarm systems shall be activated upon activation of the passenger 

vessel general emergency alarm. 

V806.3.3.3 Smoke Detector Activation. Visible notification appliances provided in guest rooms 

for smoke detectors shall be activated upon activation of the smoke detectors.

V806.3.4 Visible Devices. Visible devices shall be provided to alert room occupants of incoming 

telephone calls and a door knock or bell. Visible devices shall not be connected to visible notification 

appliances required by V806.3.1 and V806.3.2. Telephones shall have volume controls compatible 

with the telephone system and shall comply with V704.3. Telephones shall be served by an 

electrical outlet complying with V309 located within 48 inches (1220 mm) of the telephone to facilitate 

the use of a TTY.

V807 Storage

V807.1 General. Storage shall comply with V807.

V807.2 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 shall be provided.

V807.3 Height. Storage elements shall comply with at least one of the reach ranges specified in V308.

V807.4 Operable Parts. Operable parts shall comply with V309.
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CHAPTER V9: BUILT-IN ELEMENTS

V901 General

V901.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 9 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where 

referenced by a requirement in this document.

V902 Tables and Counters

V902.1 General. Tables and counters shall comply with V902.2 and V902.3.

EXCEPTION: Tables and counters for children’s use shall be permitted to comply with V902.4. 

V902.2 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 positioned for a forward approach 

shall be provided. Knee and toe clearance complying with V306 shall be provided.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where raised seating surfaces are provided at tables or counters and the tops of 

the tables or counters are 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 17 inches (430 mm) maximum above 

the finish deck surface, clear deck spaces shall be permitted to be positioned for parallel 

approaches.

2. Where the top of tables or counters is 10 inches (255 mm) maximum deep, clear deck spaces 

shall be permitted to be positioned for parallel approaches. 

Advisory V902.2 Clear Deck Spaces Exceptions 1 and 2. Exception 1 addresses 

situations where the usable surface is too low to provide knee clearance (e.g., a beverage 

table), but users are still sitting at raised seating surfaces (e.g., chairs, stools, and benches). 

Exception 2 addresses where the usable surface is too narrow to provide knee clearance 

(e.g., narrow counter along a wall). 

V902.3 Height. The tops of tables and counters shall be 28 inches (710 mm) minimum and 34 inches 

(865 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.

EXCEPTION: The top of tables and counters shall be permitted to be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum 

and 17 inches (430 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface where the clear deck spaces are 

allowed by V902.2 to be positioned for parallel approaches.

V902.4 Tables and Counters for Children’s Use. Accessible tables and counters for children’s use 

shall comply with V902.4. 

EXCEPTION: Tables and counters that are used primarily by children, 5 years and younger, shall 

not be required to comply with V902.4 where a clear deck space complying with V305 positioned for 

a parallel approach is provided.

V902.4.1 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space complying with V305 positioned for a forward 

approach shall be provided. Knee and toe clearance complying with V306 shall be provided, except 

that knee clearance 24 inches (610 mm) minimum above the finish deck surface shall be permitted.

V902.4.2 Height. The tops of tables and counters shall be 26 inches (660 mm) minimum and 30 

inches (760 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.
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V903 Benches

V903.1 General. Benches shall comply with V903. 

Advisory V903.1 General. The technical provisions in V903 are not for typical seating 

benches. Benches covered by V903 have a greater depth which assists persons who use 

wheelchairs or other mobility aids to dress or change their clothes while on the benches.

V903.2 Clear Deck Space. Clear deck space complying with V305 shall be provided and shall be 

positioned at the end of the bench seat and parallel to the short axis of the bench.

V903.3 Size. Benches shall have seats that are 42 inches (1065 mm) long minimum and 20 inches (510 

mm) deep minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) deep maximum.

V903.4 Back Support. The bench shall provide for back support or shall be affixed to a wall. Back 

support shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) long minimum and shall extend from a point 2 inches (51 mm) 

maximum above the seat surface to a point 18 inches (455 mm) minimum above the seat surface. Back 

support shall be 21⁄2 inches (64 mm) maximum from the rear edge of the seat measured horizontally. 

Figure V903.4

Bench Back Support

V903.5 Height. The top of the bench seat surface shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches 

(485 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.

V903.6 Structural Strength. Allowable stresses shall not be exceeded for materials used when a 

vertical or horizontal force of 250 pounds (1112 N) is applied at any point on the seat, fastener, mounting 

device, or supporting structure.

V903.7 Wet Locations. Where installed in wet locations, the surface of the seat shall be slip resistant 

and shall not accumulate water.
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V904 Sales and Service Counters

V904.1 General. Check-out aisles and sales and service counters shall comply with the applicable 

requirements of V904.

V904.2 Approach. All portions of counters required to comply with V904 shall be located adjacent to a 

walking surface complying with V403. 

Advisory V904.2 Approach. If a cash register is provided at the sales or service counter, 

locate the accessible counter close to the cash register so that a person using a wheelchair 

is visible to sales or service personnel and to minimize the reach for a person with a 

disability.

V904.3 Check-Out Aisles. Check-out aisles shall comply with V904.3.

V904.3.1 Aisle. Aisles shall comply with V403.

V904.3.2 Counter. The counter surface height shall be 38 inches (965 mm) maximum above the 

finish deck surface. The top of the counter edge protection shall be 2 inches (51 mm) maximum 

above the top of the counter surface on the aisle side of the check-out counter. 

Figure V904.3.2

Check-Out Aisle Counters

V904.3.3 Check Writing Surfaces. Where provided, check writing surfaces shall comply with 

V902.3.

V904.4 Sales and Service Counters. Sales counters and service counters shall comply with V904.4.1 

or V904.4.2. The accessible portion of the counter top shall extend the same depth as the sales or 

service counter top.

EXCEPTION: In alterations, when the provision of a counter complying with V904.4 would result in a 

reduction of the number of existing counters at work stations or a reduction of the number of existing 

mail boxes, the counter shall be permitted to have a portion which is 24 inches (610 mm) long 
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minimum complying with V904.4.1 provided that the required clear deck space is centered on the 

accessible length of the counter. 

Figure V904.4 (Exception)

Alteration of Sales and Service Counters

V904.4.1 Parallel Approach. A portion of the counter surface that is 36 inches (915 mm) long 

minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) high maximum above the finish deck surface shall be provided. A 

clear deck space complying with V305 shall be positioned for a parallel approach adjacent to the 36 

inch (915 mm) minimum length of counter.

EXCEPTION: Where the provided counter surface is less than 36 inches (915 mm) long, the 

entire counter surface shall be 36 inches (915 mm) high maximum above the finish deck surface.

V904.4.2 Forward Approach. A portion of the counter surface that is 30 inches (760 mm) long 

minimum by 36 inches (915 mm) high maximum shall be provided. Knee and toe space complying 

with V306 shall be provided under the counter. A clear deck space complying with V305 shall be 

positioned for a forward approach to the counter.

V904.5 Food Service Lines. Counters in food service lines shall comply with V904.5.

V904.5.1 Self-Service Shelves and Dispensing Devices. Self-service shelves and dispensing 

devices for tableware, dishware, condiments, food, and beverages shall comply with V308.

V904.5.2 Tray Slides. The tops of tray slides shall be 28 inches (710 mm) minimum and 34 inches 

(865 mm) maximum above the finish deck surface.

V904.6 Security Glazing. Where counters or teller windows have security glazing to separate 

employees from the passengers, a method to facilitate voice communication shall be provided. 

Telephone handset devices, if provided, shall comply with V704.3. 
Advisory V904.6 Security Glazing. Assistive listening devices complying with V706 can 

facilitate voice communication at counters or teller windows where there is security glazing 

which promotes distortion in audible information. Where assistive listening devices are 

installed, place signs complying with V703.7.2.3 to identify those facilities which are so 

equipped. Other voice communication methods include, but are not limited to, grilles, slats, 

talk-through baffles, intercoms, or telephone handset devices.

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CHAPTER V10: RECREATION FACILITIES 

V1001 General

V1001.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 10 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where 

referenced by a requirement in this document. 

Advisory V1001.1 Scope. Unless otherwise modified or specifically addressed in Chapter 

10, all other provisions apply to the design and construction of recreation facilities and 

elements. The provisions in Section V1001.1 apply wherever these elements are provided. 

For example, some passenger vessels may contain a room with exercise equipment to 

which these sections would apply.

V1002 Exercise Machines and Equipment

V1002.1 Clear Deck Space. Exercise machines and equipment shall have a clear deck space 

complying with V305 positioned for transfer or for use by an individual seated in a wheelchair. Clear 

deck spaces required at exercise machines and equipment shall be permitted to overlap. 

Advisory V1002.1 Clear Deck Space. One clear deck space is permitted to be shared 

between two pieces of exercise equipment. To optimize space use, designers should 

carefully consider layout options such as connecting ends of the row and center aisle 

spaces. The position of the clear deck space may vary greatly depending on the use of the 

equipment or machine. For example, to provide access to a shoulder press machine, clear 

deck space next to the seat would be appropriate to allow for transfer. Clear deck space for 

a bench press machine designed for use by an individual seated in a wheelchair, however, 

will most likely be centered on the operating mechanisms.

V1003 Miniature Golf Facilities

V1003.1 General. Miniature golf facilities shall comply with V1003.

V1003.2 Accessible Routes. Accessible routes serving holes on miniature golf courses shall comply 

with V402. Accessible routes located on playing surfaces of miniature golf holes shall be permitted to 

use the exceptions in V1003.2.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Playing surfaces shall not be required to comply with V302.2.

2. Where accessible routes intersect playing surfaces of holes, a 1 inch (25 mm) maximum curb 

shall be permitted for a width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum.

3. A slope not steeper than 1:4 for a 4 inch (100 mm) maximum rise shall be permitted.

4. Ramp landing slopes specified by V405.7.1 shall be permitted to be 1:20 maximum.

5. Ramp landing length specified by V405.7.3 shall be permitted to be 48 inches (1220 mm) long 

minimum.

6. Ramp landing size specified by V405.7.4 shall be permitted to be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum 

by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.
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7. Handrails shall not be required on holes. Where handrails are provided on holes, the handrails 

shall not be required to comply with V503.

V1003.3 Miniature Golf Holes. Miniature golf holes shall comply with V1003.3.

V1003.3.1 Start of Play. A clear deck space 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 

mm) minimum with slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the start of play.

V1003.3.2 Golf Club Reach Range Area. All areas within holes where golf balls rest shall be within 

36 inches (915 mm) maximum of a clear deck space 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum and 36 

inches (915 mm) wide minimum having a running slope not steeper than 1:20. The clear deck space 

shall be served by an accessible route. 

Advisory V1003.3.2 Golf Club Reach Range Area. The golf club reach range applies to 

all holes required to be accessible. This includes accessible routes provided adjacent to or, 

where provided, on the playing surface of the hole.

 

Figure V1003.3.2

Golf Club Reach Range Area

 

V1004 Play Areas

V1004.1 General. Play areas shall comply with V1004.

V1004.2 Accessible Routes. Accessible routes serving play areas shall comply with V402 and 

V1004.2 and shall be permitted to use the exceptions in V1004.2.1 through V1004.2.3. Where 
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accessible routes serve ground level play components, the vertical clearance shall be 80 inches high 

(2030 mm) minimum.

V1004.2.1 Ground Level and Elevated Play Components. Accessible routes serving ground level 

play components and elevated play components shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 

V1004.2.1.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Transfer systems complying with V1004.3 shall be permitted to connect 

elevated play components except where 20 or more elevated play components are provided no 

more than 25 percent of the elevated play components shall be permitted to be connected by 

transfer systems.

2. Where transfer systems are provided, an elevated play component shall be permitted to 

connect to another elevated play component as part of an accessible route. 

Advisory V1004.2.1 Ground Level and Elevated Play Components. The term “ground 

level” is used in this document and refers to the base level of a playground. Technical 

assistance material written for landside applications is available at www.access-board.gov 

and can aid in applying the play area provisions to passenger vessels. 

V1004.2.2 Soft Contained Play Structures. Accessible routes serving soft contained play 

structures shall be permitted to use the exception in V1004.2.2.

EXCEPTION: Transfer systems complying with V1004.3 shall be permitted to be used as part of 

an accessible route.

V1004.2.3 Water Play Components. Accessible routes serving water play components shall be 

permitted to use the exceptions in V1004.2.3.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where the surface of the accessible route, clear deck spaces, or turning 

spaces serving water play components is submerged, compliance with V302, V403.3, V405.2, 

V405.3, and V1004.2.6 shall not be required.

2. Transfer systems complying with V1004.3 shall be permitted to connect elevated play 

components in water.

V1004.2.4 Clear Width. Accessible routes connecting play components shall provide a clear width 

complying with V1004.2.4.

V1004.2.4.1 Ground Level. At ground level, the clear width of accessible routes shall be 60 

inches (1525 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. In play areas less than 1000 square feet (92 m2), the clear width of 

accessible routes shall be permitted to be 44 inches (1120 mm) minimum provided that at 

least one turning space complying with V304.3 is provided where the restricted accessible 

route exceeds 30 feet (9.14 m) in length.

2. The clear width of accessible routes shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum 

for a distance of 60 inches (1525 mm) maximum provided that multiple reduced width 

segments are separated by segments that are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and 60 

inches (1525 mm) long minimum.
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V1004.2.4.2 Elevated. The clear width of accessible routes connecting elevated play 

components shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. The clear width of accessible routes connecting elevated play 

components shall be permitted to be reduced to 32 inches (815 mm) minimum for a distance 

of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum if reduced width segments are separated by segments that 

are 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum.

2. The clear width of transfer systems connecting elevated play components shall be 

permitted to be 24 inches (610 mm) minimum.

V1004.2.5 Ramps. Within play areas, ramps connecting ground level play components and ramps 

connecting elevated play components shall comply with V1004.2.5.

V1004.2.5.1 Ground Level. Ramp runs connecting ground level play components shall have a 

running slope not steeper than 1:16.

V1004.2.5.2 Elevated. The rise for any ramp run connecting elevated play components shall be 

12 inches (305 mm) maximum.

V1004.2.5.3 Handrails. Where required on ramps serving play components, the handrails shall 

comply with V503, except as modified by V1004.2.5.3.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Handrails shall not be required on ramps located within ground level use 

zones.

2. Handrail extensions shall not be required.

V1004.2.5.3.1 Handrail Gripping Surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross 

section shall have an outside diameter of 0.95 inches (24 mm) minimum and 1.55 inches (39 

mm) maximum. Where the shape of the gripping surface is non-circular, the handrail shall 

provide an equivalent gripping surface.

V1004.2.5.3.2 Handrail Height. The top of handrail gripping surfaces shall be 20 inches 

(510 mm) minimum and 28 inches (710 mm) maximum above the ramp surface.

V1004.2.6 Ground Surfaces. Deck surfaces on accessible routes, clear deck spaces, and turning 

spaces shall comply with V1004.2.6.

V1004.2.6.1 Accessibility. Deck surfaces shall comply with ASTM F1951 (incorporated by 

reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1). Ground surfaces shall be inspected and 

maintained regularly and frequently to ensure continued compliance with ASTM F1951.

V1004.2.6.2 Use Zones. Deck surfaces located within use zones shall comply with ASTM 

F1292 (1999 edition or 2004 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in 

Chapter 1).

V1004.3 Transfer Systems. Where transfer systems are provided to connect to elevated play 

components, transfer systems shall comply with V1004.3.
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V1004.3.1 Transfer Platforms. Transfer platforms shall be provided where transfer is intended from 

wheelchairs or other mobility aids. Transfer platforms shall comply with V1004.3.1.

V1004.3.1.1 Size. Transfer platforms shall have level surfaces 14 inches (355 mm) deep 

minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) wide minimum.

V1004.3.1.2 Height. The height of transfer platforms shall be 11 inches (280 mm) minimum and 

18 inches (455 mm) maximum measured to the top of the surface from the deck surface.

V1004.3.1.3 Transfer Space. A transfer space complying with V305.2 and V305.3 shall be 

provided adjacent to the transfer platform. The 48 inch (1220 mm) long minimum dimension of 

the transfer space shall be centered on and parallel to the 24 inch (610 mm) long minimum side 

of the transfer platform. The side of the transfer platform serving the transfer space shall be 

unobstructed.

V1004.3.1.4 Transfer Supports. At least one means of support for transferring shall be 

provided. 

Figure V1004.3.1

Transfer Platforms in Play Areas

 

V1004.3.2 Transfer Steps. Transfer steps shall be provided where movement is intended from 

transfer platforms to levels with elevated play components required to be on accessible routes. 

Transfer steps shall comply with V1004.3.2.

V1004.3.2.1 Size. Transfer steps shall have level surfaces 14 inches (355 mm) deep minimum 

and 24 inches (610 mm) wide minimum.

V1004.3.2.2 Height. Each transfer step shall be 8 inches (205 mm) high maximum.

V1004.3.2.3 Transfer Supports. At least one means of support for transferring shall be 

provided. 
Figure V1004.3.2

Transfer Steps in Play Areas

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V1004.4 Play Components. Ground level play components on accessible routes and elevated play 

components connected by ramps shall comply with V1004.4.

V1004.4.1 Turning Space. At least one turning space complying with V304 shall be provided on the 

same level as play components. Where swings are provided, the turning space shall be located 

immediately adjacent to the swing.

V1004.4.2 Clear Deck Space. Clear deck space complying with V305.2 and V305.3 shall be 

provided at play components.

V1004.4.3 Play Tables. Where play tables are provided, knee clearance 24 inches (610 mm) high 

minimum, 17 inches deep (430 mm) minimum, and 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum shall be 

provided. The tops of rims, curbs, or other obstructions shall be 31 inches (785 mm) high maximum.

EXCEPTION: Play tables designed and constructed primarily for children 5 years and younger 

shall not be required to provide knee clearance where the clear deck space required by 

V1004.4.2 is arranged for a parallel approach.

V1004.4.4 Entry Points and Seats. Where play components require transfer to entry points or 

seats, the entry points or seats shall be 11 inches (280 mm) minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) 

maximum from the clear deck space.

EXCEPTION: Entry points of slides shall not be required to comply with V1004.4.4.

V1004.4.5 Transfer Supports. Where play components require transfer to entry points or seats, at 

least one means of support for transferring shall be provided.

V1005 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas

V1005.1 General. Where provided, pool lifts, sloped entries, transfer walls, transfer systems, and pool 

stairs shall comply with V1005.
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V1005.2 Pool Lifts. Pool lifts shall comply with V1005.2. 

Advisory V1005.2 Pool Lifts. There are a variety of seats available on pool lifts ranging 

from sling seats to those that are preformed or molded. Pool lift seats with backs will enable 

a larger population of persons with disabilities to use the lift. Pool lift seats that consist of 

materials that resist corrosion and provide a firm base to transfer will be usable by a wider 

range of people with disabilities. Additional options such as armrests, head rests, seat belts, 

and leg support will enhance accessibility and better accommodate people with a wide 

range of disabilities.

V1005.2.1 Seat Location. In the raised position, the centerline of the seat shall be located over the 

deck surface and 16 inches (405 mm) minimum from the edge of the pool. The deck surface 

between the centerline of the seat and the pool edge shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48. 

Figure V1005.2.1

Pool Lift Seat Location

V1005.2.2 Clear Deck Space. On the side of the seat opposite the water, a clear deck space shall 

be provided parallel with the seat. The space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum and shall 

extend forward 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum from a line located 12 inches (305 mm) behind the 

rear edge of the seat. The clear deck space shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48. 

Figure V1005.2.2

Clear Deck Space at Pool Lifts
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V1005.2.3 Seat Height. The height of the lift seat shall be designed to allow a stop at 16 inches (405 

mm) minimum to 19 inches (485 mm) maximum measured from the deck surface to the top of the 

seat surface when in the raised (load) position. 

Figure V1005.2.3

Pool Lift Seat Height

 

V1005.2.4 Seat Width. The seat shall be 16 inches (405 mm) wide minimum.

V1005.2.5 Footrests and Armrests. Footrests shall be provided and shall move with the seat. If 

provided, the armrest positioned opposite the water shall be removable or shall fold clear of the seat 

when the seat is in the raised (load) position.

EXCEPTION: Footrests shall not be required on pool lifts provided in spas.

V1005.2.6 Operation. The lift shall be capable of unassisted operation from both the deck surface 

and water levels. Controls and operating mechanisms shall be unobstructed when the lift is in use 

and shall comply with V309.4. 

Advisory V1005.2.6 Operation. Pool lifts must be capable of unassisted operation from 

both the deck and water levels. This will permit a person to call the pool lift when the pool lift 

is in the opposite position. It is extremely important for a person who is swimming alone to 

be able to call the pool lift when it is in the up position so he or she will not be stranded in the 

water for extended periods of time awaiting assistance. The requirement for a pool lift to be 

independently operable does not preclude assistance from being provided.

V1005.2.7 Submerged Depth. The lift shall be designed so that the seat will submerge to a water 

depth of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum below the stationary water level. 
Advisory V1005.2.7 Submerged Depth. As pool lifts are required by V1005.2.5 to be 

equipped with footrests, water depths greater than 18 inches (455 mm) are needed to 

properly submerge the seat of pool lifts. To allow the opportunity for someone to provide 

assistance from a standing position in the water to lift users, it is recommended that a 

portion of the pools where pool lifts are located have water depths that do not exceed 48 

inches (1220 mm).

Figure V1005.2.7

Pool Lift Submerged Depth

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V1005.2.8 Lifting Capacity. Single person pool lifts shall have a weight capacity of 300 pounds 

(136 kg) minimum and be capable of sustaining a static load of at least one and a half times the rated 

load. 

Advisory V1005.2.8 Lifting Capacity. Single person pool lifts must be capable of 

supporting a minimum weight of 300 pounds (136 kg) and sustaining a static load of at least 

one and a half times the rated load. Providing a pool lift with a weight capacity greater than 

300 pounds (136 kg) may be advisable.

V1005.3 Sloped Entries. Sloped entries shall comply with V1005.3. 

Advisory V1005.3 Sloped Entries. Personal wheelchairs and mobility devices may not be 

appropriate for submerging in water. Some may have batteries, motors, and electrical 

systems that when submerged in water may cause damage to the personal mobility device 

or wheelchair or may contaminate the pool water. Providing an aquatic wheelchair made of 

non-corrosive materials and designed for access into the water will protect the water from 

contamination and avoid damage to personal wheelchairs or other mobility aids.
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V1005.3.1 Sloped Entries. Sloped entries shall comply with V402 except as modified in V1005.3.1 

through V1005.3.3.

EXCEPTION: Where sloped entries are provided, the surfaces shall not be required to be slip 

resistant.

V1005.3.2 Submerged Depth. Sloped entries shall extend to a depth of 24 inches (610 mm) 

minimum and 30 inches (760 mm) maximum below the stationary water level. Where landings are 

required by V405.7, at least one landing shall be located 24 inches (610 mm) minimum and 30 

inches (760 mm) maximum below the stationary water level.

EXCEPTION: In wading pools, the sloped entry and landings, if provided, shall extend to the 

deepest part of the wading pool.

V1005.3.3 Handrails. At least two handrails complying with V503 shall be provided on the sloped 

entry. The clear width between required handrails shall be 33 inches (840 mm) minimum and 38 

inches (965 mm) maximum.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Handrail extensions specified by V503.10.1 shall not be required at the 

bottom landing serving a sloped entry.

2. Where a sloped entry is provided for wave action pools, leisure rivers, sand bottom pools, and 

other pools where user access is limited to one area, the handrails shall not be required to 

comply with the clear width requirements of V1005.3.3.

3. Sloped entries in wading pools shall not be required to provide handrails complying with 

V1005.3.3. If provided, handrails on sloped entries in wading pools shall not be required to 

comply with V503.

V1005.4 Transfer Walls. Transfer walls shall comply with V1005.4.

V1005.4.1 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches 

(1525 mm) minimum with a slope not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer 

wall. Where one grab bar is provided, the clear deck space shall be centered on the grab bar. 

Where two grab bars are provided, the clear deck space shall be centered on the clearance between 

the grab bars.

V1005.4.2 Height. The height of the transfer wall shall be 16 inches (405 mm) minimum and 19 

inches (485 mm) maximum measured from the deck surface.

V1005.4.3 Wall Depth and Length. The depth of the transfer wall shall be 12 inches (305 mm) 

minimum and 16 inches (405 mm) maximum. The length of the transfer wall shall be 60 inches 

(1525 mm) minimum and shall be centered on the clear deck space.

V1005.4.4 Surface. Surfaces of transfer walls shall not be sharp and shall have rounded edges.

V1005.4.5 Grab Bars. At least one grab bar complying with V609 shall be provided on the transfer 

wall. Grab bars shall be perpendicular to the pool wall and shall extend the full depth of the transfer 

wall. The top of the gripping surface shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm) 

maximum above transfer walls. Where one grab bar is provided, clearance shall be 24 inches (610 
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231 

mm) minimum on both sides of the grab bar. Where two grab bars are provided, clearance between 

grab bars shall be 24 inches (610 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTION: Grab bars on transfer walls shall not be required to comply with V609.4.

V1005.5 Transfer Systems. Transfer systems shall comply with V1005.5.

V1005.5.1 Transfer Platform. A transfer platform shall be provided at the head of each transfer 

system. Transfer platforms shall provide 19 inches (485 mm) minimum clear depth and 24 inches 

(610 mm) minimum clear width. 

Figure V1005.5.1

Size of Transfer Platform

V1005.5.2 Transfer Space. A transfer space of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 

mm) minimum with a slope not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer 

platform surface and shall be centered along a 24 inch (610 mm) minimum side of the transfer 

platform. The side of the transfer platform serving the transfer space shall be unobstructed. 

Figure V1005.5.2

Clear Deck Space at Transfer Platform

 
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V1005.5.3 Height. The height of the transfer platform shall comply with V1005.4.2.

EXCEPTION: Transfer platforms which serve wading pools are permitted to have a height of 11 

inches (280 mm) minimum and 18 inches (455 mm) maximum measured to the top of the 

platform surface from the deck surface.

V1005.5.4 Transfer Steps. Transfer step height shall be 8 inches (205 mm) maximum. The surface 

of the bottom tread shall extend to a water depth of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum below the 

stationary water level. 

EXCEPTION: In wading pools where the depth of the water is less than 18 inches (455 mm), the 

water depth of the bottom tread surface is permitted to be equal to the depth of the pool. 

Advisory V1005.5.4 Transfer Steps. Where possible, the height of the transfer step should 

be minimized to decrease the distance an individual is required to lift up or move down to 

reach the next step to gain access.

 

Figure V1005.5.4

Transfer Steps

V1005.5.5 Surface. The surface of the transfer system shall not be sharp and shall have rounded 

edges. 

Advisory V1005.5.5 Surface. People using the transfer system may have skin contact with 

the surfaces of the transfer system. Care should be taken in selecting surface materials. 

Some materials require more maintenance and may be subject to splintering which might 

cause skin injuries and related health complications. Padding of transfer surfaces may 

further protect people during use of such systems.

V1005.5.6 Size. Each transfer step shall have a tread clear depth of 14 inches (355 mm) minimum 

and 17 inches (430 mm) maximum and shall have a tread clear width of 24 inches (610 mm) 

minimum. 
Figure V1005.5.6

Size of Transfer Steps

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V1005.5.7 Grab Bars. At least one grab bar on each transfer step and the transfer platform or a 

continuous grab bar serving each transfer step and the transfer platform shall be provided. Where a 

grab bar is provided on each step, the tops of gripping surfaces shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum 

and 6 inches (150 mm) maximum above each step and transfer platform. Where a continuous grab 

bar is provided, the top of the gripping surface shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches 

(150 mm) maximum above the step nosing and transfer platform. Grab bars shall comply with V609 

and be located on at least one side of the transfer system. The grab bar located at the transfer 

platform shall not obstruct transfer.

EXCEPTION: Grab bars on transfer systems shall not be required to comply with V609.4. 

Figure V1005.5.7

Grab Bars

 

V1005.6 Pool Stairs. Pool stairs shall comply with V1005.6.

V1005.6.1 Pool Stairs. Pool stairs shall comply with V502.
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V1005.6.2 Handrails. The width between handrails shall be 20 inches (510 mm) minimum and 24 

inches (610 mm) maximum. 

V1006 Shooting Positions

V1006.1 Turning Space. A circular turning space 60 inches (1525 mm) diameter minimum with slopes 

not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at shooting positions.
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CHAPTER V11: TENDERS

V1101 General. Tenders shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 11 where required by V201.1.3.

V1102 Wheelchair Spaces. At least two wheelchair spaces shall be provided and shall comply V1102.

V1102.1 Deck Surface. The deck surface of wheelchair spaces shall comply with V302. Changes in 

level are not permitted.

EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.

V1102.2 Width. A single wheelchair space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum. Where two 

adjacent wheelchair spaces are provided, each wheelchair space shall be 33 inches (840 mm) wide 

minimum.

V1102.3 Depth. Wheelchair spaces shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) deep minimum.

V1102.4 Securement. Wheelchair spaces shall be provided with securement systems which limit the 

movement of occupied wheelchairs or mobility aids under normal tender operating conditions.

V1103 Onboard Accessible Route. At least one onboard accessible route complying with V402 shall 

connect each wheelchair space to the entry and departure points of the tender used by passengers in 

non-emergency conditions serving the seating area in which the wheelchair space is located.