BALD POINT STATE PARK 

UNIT MANAGEMENT PLAN 

APPROVED

STATE OF FLORIDA 

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

Division of Recreation and Parks 

APRIL 21, 2006 
Department of

Environmental Protection 

 Marjory Stoneman Douglas Building 

 Jeb Bush 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, MS 140 Colleen Castille 

 Governor Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000 Secretary 

 Phone: (850) 245-2784 Fax: (850) 245-2786

"More Protection, Less Process” 

Printed on recycled paper.

May 31, 2006 

Ms. BryAnne White 

Office of Park Planning 

Division of Recreation and Parks 

3900 Commonwealth Blvd.; M.S. 525 

Tallahassee, Florida 32399 

Re: Bald Point State Park Lease # 4244 

Dear Ms. White: 

On April 21, 2006, the Acquisition and Restoration Council recommended approval of the Bald 

Point State Park management plan. Therefore, the Office of Environmental Services, acting as 

agent for the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund, approved the 

management plan for the Bald Point State Park. Pursuant to Sections 253.034 and 259.032, 

Florida Statutes, and Chapter 18-2, Florida Administrative Code this plan’s ten-year update will 

be due on April 21, 2016. 

Approval of this land management plan does not waive the authority or jurisdiction of any 

governmental entity that may have an interest in this project. Implementation of any upland 

activities proposed by this management plan may require a permit or other authorization from 

federal and state agencies having regulatory jurisdiction over those particular activities. Pursuant 

to the conditions of your lease, please forward copies of all permits to this office upon issuance. 

Sincerely, 

Paula L. Allen 

Office of Environmental Services 

Division of State Lands 

Department of Environmental Protection 
i 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 1 

PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF PLAN .................................................................................... 4 

MANAGEMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW...................................................................... 5 

 Management Authority and Responsibility........................................................................... 5 

 Park Goals and Objectives..................................................................................................... 5 

 Management Coordination .................................................................................................... 8 

 Public Participation ............................................................................................................... 8 

 Other Designations ................................................................................................................ 8 

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT COMPONENT 

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 9 

RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ASSESSMENT ......................................................... 9 

 Natural Resources.................................................................................................................. 9 

 Cultural Resources............................................................................................................... 21 

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.................................................................... 22 

 Special Management Considerations .................................................................................. 22 

 Management Needs and Problems ...................................................................................... 23 

 Management Objectives ...................................................................................................... 25 

 Management Measures For Natural Resources................................................................... 25 

 Management Measures For Cultural Resources.................................................................. 29 

 Research Needs ................................................................................................................... 30 

 Resource Management Schedule......................................................................................... 31 

 Land Management Review.................................................................................................. 31 
ii 

LAND USE COMPONENT 

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 33 

POPULATION AND VISITOR USE ................................................................................ 33 

EXTERNAL CONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 33 

 Existing Use of Adjacent Lands.......................................................................................... 34 

 Planned Use of Adjacent Lands .......................................................................................... 34 

PROPERTY ANALYSIS .................................................................................................... 35 

 Recreation Resource Elements ............................................................................................ 35 

 Assessment of Use............................................................................................................... 37 

 Existing Facilities ................................................................................................................ 40 

CONCEPTUAL LAND USE PLAN .................................................................................. 41 

 Site Planning and Design Process ....................................................................................... 41 

 Proposed Land Use and Facilities ....................................................................................... 43 

 Facilities Development........................................................................................................ 47 

 Existing Use and Optimum Carrying Capacity ................................................................... 48 

 Optimum Boundary............................................................................................................. 48 

TABLE 

TABLE 1 - Existing Use and Optimum Carrying Capacity.................................................. 49 

LIST OF ADDENDA 

ADDENDUM 1 

 Acquisition History and Advisory Group Report ..................................................... A 1 - 1 

ADDENDUM 2 

 References Cited........................................................................................................ A 2 - 1 
iii 

ADDENDUM 3 

 Soils Descriptions...................................................................................................... A 3 - 1 

ADDENDUM 4 

 Plant and Animal List................................................................................................ A 4 - 1 

ADDENDUM 5 

 Designated Species List............................................................................................. A 5 - 1

ADDENDUM 6 

 Timber Management Analysis .................................................................................. A 6 - 1 

ADDENDUM 7 

 Priority Schedule and Cost Estimates........................................................................ A 7 - 1 

MAPS 

Vicinity Map ............................................................................................................................ 2 

Reference Map......................................................................................................................... 3 

Soils Map ............................................................................................................................... 11 

Natural Communities Map..................................................................................................... 14 

Base Map ............................................................................................................................... 38 

Conceptual Land Use Plan..................................................................................................... 42

Optimum Boundary ............................................................................................................... 50 

1

INTRODUCTION 

Bald Point State Park is located in Franklin County at the eastern end of St. James Island, which 

is separated from the mainland by the Crooked River, the Ochlockonee River and Bay (see 

Vicinity Map). Access to the park is from U.S. Highway 98 via County Road 370 (see Reference 

Map). The park includes several significant natural features including expansive estuarine marsh 

systems associated with Ochlockonee and Apalachee Bays, an array of flatwoods lakes, 

freshwater basin marsh communities and maritime hammock, and provides habitat for several 

rare species including Florida black bear, loggerhead sea turtles, American bald eagle, wading 

birds, Godfrey’s blazing star and large-leaved jointweed. Additionally, Bald Point is a favored 

stop-over site for migrating neo-tropicals and raptors. The diversity of habitat types, bay 

shoreline, interior creeks and freshwater lakes provide exceptional opportunities for resourcebased recreation, such as fishing, canoeing/kayaking, birding, hiking, camping and simply 

relaxing on the beach. Bald Point State Park is an important component of a regional network of 

federal, state and private conservation lands that includes the St. Marks National Wildlife 

Refuge, Apalachicola National Forest, Tate’s Hell State Forest, Ochlockonee River State Park, 

Phipps Preserve and Mashes Sands County Park. 

At Bald Point State Park, public outdoor recreation and conservation is the designated single use 

of the property. There are no legislative or executive directives that constrain the use of this 

property. 

The park is part of the Dickerson Bay/Bald Point CARL project that includes uplands around 

Dickerson, Levy and Ochlockonee Bays. Initial acquisition began in 1999 with funds from the 

CARL/P2000 acquisition program (see Addendum 1) and was focused along the Apalachee Bay 

shoreline. The park was expanded significantly in 2003 when 3,485 acres were purchased from 

the St. Joe Company. As of January 2006, the park contains 4,859.32 acres. The park is 

administered jointly with Ochlockonee River State Park. 

Progress has been made in the areas of resource management, visitor services and park 

operations since approval of the February, 2001 plan. Park staff maintains several monitoring 

programs, including monthly shorebird surveys, daily sea turtle monitoring (May to October), 

quarterly monitoring of gopher tortoise burrows, and annual monitoring of listed plant species. 

The park has worked with adjacent homeowners to remove exotics plants. Plant and bird lists 

have been expanded. Efforts have been initiated to install low water crossings to improve 

hydrology and gather water quality data. A preliminary study of the restoration needs of nearly 

three hundred acres south of Tucker Lake has been completed. A total of 893 acres have been 

treated with prescribed fire. New cultural sites have been identified and added to the Florida 

Master Site File. Interpretive programs have been developed and tours provided upon request. A 

new park manager has been assigned to oversee Ochlockonee River and Bald Point State Park 

and personnel assigned to the park now includes three FTE and three OPS positions. Volunteer 

involvement has increased and is responsible for much of the progress that has been made during 

the last planning cycle. 

Improvements have been made at three locations along the shoreline to provide beach access. 

Parking, dune boardwalks, and restrooms are provided in these areas. The fishing dock at Bald 

Point has been improved and a boardwalk constructed to provide access to the adjacent marsh. 

The existing network of unimproved roads was opened for hiking and biking. A self-service fee 

station was constructed to collect the park entrance fee and a shop area built to meet the housing, 

maintenance and storage needs of the park.
Tate's Hell

State Forest

Bald Point

State Park

Big Bend Seagrasses

Aquatic Preserve

St. Marks National

Wildlife Refuge

Carpenter and Westmark

Conservation Easement

Apalachicola National Forest

Edward Ball Wakulla

Springs State Park

Jeff Lewis

Wilderness Preserve

Alligator Harbor

Aquatic Preserve

319

John S Phipps

Preserve

Gulf of

Mexico

Apalachee Bay

98

98

Ochlockonee

River State Park

30

Liberty County

San Marcos de Apalache

Historic State Park

370

319

372 Mashes

Sands Park

New River

Crooked River

Ochlockonee River

363

Panacea

Carrabelle

Wakulla County

Franklin County

Sopchoppy

St James

Island

Sopchoppy River

BALD POINT

STATE PARK

Prepared by:

Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Division of Recreation and Parks

Office of Park Planning

VICINITY

MAP

Public

Federal Managed Areas

State Managed Areas

Local Managed Areas

Private Managed Areas

Aquatic Preserves

Legend

Private

Interstates

FDOT US Routes

FDOT State Routes

FDOT Local Roads

Park Boundary

Developed

Undeveloped

Sources: Florida Natural Areas Inventory, 2003

Florida Land Use, Cover and Forms

Classification System, 2004

0 1.5 3 6

Miles


	








	

	








	


































			


 
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4

PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE PLAN 

This plan serves as the basic statement of policy and direction for the management of Bald Point 

State Park as a unit of Florida's state park system. It identifies the objectives, criteria and 

standards that guide each aspect of park administration, and sets forth the specific measures that 

will be implemented to meet management objectives. The plan is intended to meet the 

requirements of Sections 253.034 and 259.032, Florida Statutes, Chapter 18-2, Florida 

Administrative Code, and intended to be consistent with the State Lands Management Plan. With 

approval, this management plan will replace the February 13, 2001, approved plan. All 

development and resource alteration encompassed in this plan is subject to the granting of 

appropriate permits; easements, licenses, and other required legal instruments. Approval of the 

management plan does not constitute an exemption from complying with the appropriate local, 

state or federal agencies. This plan is also intended to meet the requirements for beach and shore 

preservation, as defined in Chapter 161, Florida Statutes and Chapters 62B-33, 62B-36 and 62R49, Florida Administrative Code. 

The plan consists of two interrelated components. Each component corresponds to a particular 

aspect of the administration of the park. The resource management component provides a 

detailed inventory and assessment of the natural and cultural resources of the park. Resource 

management problems and needs are identified, and specific management objectives are 

established for each resource type. This component provides guidance on the application of such 

measures as prescribed burning, exotic species removal, and restoration of natural conditions. 

The land use component is the recreational resource allocation plan for the unit. Based on 

considerations such as access, population, and adjacent land uses, an optimum allocation of the 

physical space of the park is made, locating use areas and proposing types of facilities and 

volume of use to be provided. 

In the development of this plan, the potential of the park to accommodate secondary 

management purposes (“multiple uses”) was analyzed. These secondary purposes were 

considered within the context of the Division’s statutory responsibilities and an analysis of the 

resource needs and values of the park. This analysis considered the park natural and cultural 

resources, management needs, aesthetic values, and visitation and visitor experiences. For this 

park, it was determined that timber removal operations, for the purpose of natural community 

restoration, could be accommodated in a manner that would be compatible and not interfere with 

the primary purpose of resource-based outdoor recreation and conservation. Partial timber 

removal to re-establish more natural overstory density and reduce understory fuel loads prior to 

burning is a compatible secondary management purpose addressed in the Resource Management 

Component of the plan. Uses such as, water resource development projects, water supply 

projects, stormwater management projects, linear facilities and sustainable agriculture and 

forestry (other than those forest management activities specifically identified in this plan) are not 

consistent with this plan or the management purposes of the park. 

The potential for generating revenue to enhance management was also analyzed. Visitor fees and 

charges are the principal source of revenue generated by the park. It was determined that 

multiple-use management activities would not be appropriate as a means of generating revenues 

for land management. Instead, techniques such as entrance fees, concessions and similar 

measures will be employed on a case-by-case basis as a means of supplementing park 

management funding. 

The use of private land managers to facilitate restoration and management of this unit was also 
5

analyzed. Decisions regarding this type of management (such as outsourcing, contracting with 

the private sector, use of volunteers, etc.) will be made on a case-by-case basis as necessity 

dictates. 

MANAGEMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW 

Management Authority and Responsibility 

In accordance with Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, and Chapter 62D-2, Florida Administrative 

Code, the Division of Recreation and Parks (Division) is charged with the responsibility of 

developing and operating Florida's recreation and parks system. These are administered in 

accordance with the following policy: 

It shall be the policy of the Division of Recreation and Parks to promote the state 

park system for the use, enjoyment, and benefit of the people of Florida and 

visitors; to acquire typical portions of the original domain of the state which will be 

accessible to all of the people, and of such character as to emblemize the state's 

natural values; conserve these natural values for all time; administer the 

development, use and maintenance of these lands and render such public 

service in so doing, in such a manner as to enable the people of Florida and 

visitors to enjoy these values without depleting them; to contribute materially to 

the development of a strong mental, moral, and physical fiber in the people; to 

provide for perpetual preservation of historic sites and memorials of statewide 

significance and interpretation of their history to the people; to contribute to the 

tourist appeal of Florida. 

The Trustees have also granted management authority of certain sovereign submerged lands to 

the Division under Management Agreement MA 68-086 (as amended January 19, 1988). The 

management area includes a 400-foot zone from the edge of mean high water where a park 

boundary borders sovereign submerged lands fronting beaches, bays, estuarine areas, rivers or 

streams. Where emergent wetland vegetation exists, the zone extends waterward 400 feet beyond 

the vegetation. The agreement is intended to provide additional protection to resources of the 

park and nearshore areas and to provide authority to manage activities that could adversely 

impact public recreational uses. 

Many operating procedures are standard system wide and are set by policy. These procedures are 

outlined in the Division’s Operations Manual (OM) that covers such areas as personnel 

management, uniforms and personal appearance, training, signs, communications, fiscal 

procedures, interpretation, concessions, camping regulations, resource management, law 

enforcement, protection, safety and maintenance. 

In the management of Bald Point State Park a balance is sought between the goals of maintaining 

and enhancing natural conditions and providing various recreational opportunities. Natural 

resource management activities are aimed at management of natural systems. Development in 

the park is directed toward providing public access to and within the park, and to providing 

recreational facilities, in a reasonable balance, that are both convenient and safe. Program 

emphasis is on interpretation on the park's natural, aesthetic and educational attributes. 

Park Goals and Objectives 

The following park goals and objectives express the Division’s long-term intent in managing the 

state park. At the beginning of the process to update this management plan, the Division 
6

reviewed the goals and objectives of the previous plan to determine if they remain meaningful 

and practical and should be included in the updated plan. This process ensures that the goals and 

objectives for the park remain relevant over time. 

Estimates are developed for the funding and staff resources needed to implement the 

management plan based on these goals, objectives and priority management activities. Funding 

priorities for all state park management and development activities are reviewed each year as 

part of the Division’s legislative budget process. The Division prepares an annual legislative 

budget request based on the priorities established for the entire state park system. The Division 

also aggressively pursues a wide range of other funds and staffing resources, such as grants, 

volunteers and partnerships with agencies, local governments and the private sector, for 

supplementing normal legislative appropriations to address unmet needs. The ability of the 

Division to implement the specific goals, objectives and priority actions identified in this plan 

will be determined by the availability of funding resources for these purposes. 

Natural and Cultural Resources

1. Establish and maintain an effective prescribed fire program. 

A. Develop a detailed prescribed fire plan outlining burn zone prescriptions, smoke 

screening, recommended firing plans, appropriate fire return intervals, mop-up and 

contingency planning, fire line construction/maintenance, and long term management 

objectives. 

B. Continue routine application of prescribed fire in established burn zones according to 

recommended fire return intervals identified in the park burn plan. 

C. Expand burning in the western portion (Tucker Lake Parcel) of the property. 

D. Update the park’s prescribed fire plan annually in coordination with the larger District 

1 prescribed fire plan. Protocol for annual burn plan update is outlined in the park burn 

plan. 

E. Coordinate with the DEP Northwest Regulatory Office to permit the construction of 

low water crossings necessary for burning. 

F. Improve vehicular access along fire lines where appropriate. 

G. Maintain fire lines and other necessary resource management roads through frequent 

bush hog mowing. 

H. Coordinate with the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 

(DOACS) Division of Forestry (DOF) to consider aerial ignition of appropriate 

blocks. 

2. Protect, restore and maintain natural hydrological regimes. 

A. Request assistance from the DEP to conduct base-line water quality analysis of the 

park’s larger lakes. 

B. Coordinate with the Division’s Office of Park Planning to designate significant 

wetland natural communities as protected areas. 

C. Develop a basic GIS supported plan to identify alterations to hydrology and identify 

feasible restoration measures. 

3. Design and implement restoration of highly altered communities or areas. 

A. Coordinate with the DOF to consider initial flatwoods restoration measures that 

include the thinning of pine plantations in advance of burning. 

B. Continue to remove any invasive exotic plants whenever discovered. Seek assistance 

with exotic species removal from the district biological section. 

C. Coordinate with the DOF to consider options for the removal of off-site, planted sand 

pines. 

4. Protect, restore, and maintain native plant diversity, and natural abundance. 

A. Contact the appropriate departments of the various State Universities in Florida to 
7

convey the need for continued inventory and mapping of the park’s flora. 

B. GPS map the colonies or major occurrences of large-leaved jointweed and Godfrey’s 

blazing star. 

5. Protect, restore, and maintain native animal diversity, and natural relative abundance. 

A. Advise the staff of the DOACS Bureau of Entomology, Nematology, and Plant 

Pathology of the need to compile a list of macro-invertebrates for the park. Note that a 

research/collection permit is required. 

B. Conduct gopher tortoise burrow surveys and GPS mapping in coordination with 

prescribed burning. 

C. Coordinate with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Florida Fish and 

Wildlife Conservation Commission to monitor bald eagle nests. 

D. Coordinate black bear monitoring efforts with the FFWC. 

E. Coordinate with the district biological section to collect seasonal sea turtle nesting 

data. 

F. Use traffic calming design elements in the construction of the park road to minimize 

impacts to wildlife. 

G. Use GPS/GIS technology, and photo points, as necessary, to effectively monitor listed 

species. 

 6. Protect and monitor cultural resources. 

A. Conduct ground disturbing activity in accordance with DHR policy. 

B. Minimize impacts to significant sites caused by ground disturbing activity associated 

with erosion, looting and vandalism, natural resource management activity, park 

improvements, and other forms of encroachment. 

C. Routinely monitor and document the condition of archaeological sites in the park. 

D. Survey recorded sites and unsurveyed areas as necessary to guide site management 

and future park development. 

E. Enhance interpretation of cultural resources in order to protect archaeological sites and 

increase public knowledge of local history and prehistory. 

Recreation

 1. Seek funding to expand recreational and interpretive opportunities through the 

development of programs, and new use areas and facilities, as outlined in this management 

plan. 

A. Develop a central entrance point and park drive that provides interior access to 

existing and proposed public use areas. 

B. Expand opportunities for interpretation of the natural and cultural resources of the 

park through static displays/signage, brochures and field guides, and improved 

programming. 

C. Develop an interconnected network of trails for hiking, off-road biking and horseback 

riding that links existing and proposed use areas and facilities and provides clear 

directional signage. 

D. Develop day use facilities to enhance access to interior lakes. 

E. Expand access to the shoreline and water that allows opportunities for swimming, 

fishing, canoeing/kayaking and general beach use activities. 

F. Provide opportunities for overnight stays at the park. 

Administration/Operations

1. Continue to provide quality administrative and operational services. 

A. To manage newly added park acreage, secure staff or equivalent resources to conduct 

educational and interpretive programs, manage volunteers, promote the park, operate 

the entrance station, and maintain park facilities. 
8

B. Conduct regular inspections of use areas and facilities and correct deficiencies to 

provide a safe, clean and well-maintained environment for visitors and staff. 

C. Maintain vehicles, tractors, fire suppression equipment and other land management 

equipment in good/working condition. 

D. Provide staff with appropriate training opportunities in visitor services, resource 

management, park operations, general maintenance, and interpretation. 

E. Maintain partnerships with federal, state, and local agencies and non-governmental 

organizations. 

F. Conduct community outreach activities to enhance public awareness and support of 

the park. 

G. Recruit and maintain volunteer support to assist staff with park operations. 

Management Coordination 

The park is managed in accordance with all applicable Florida Statutes and administrative rules. 

Agencies having a major or direct role in the management of the park are discussed in this plan. 

The Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Forestry (DOF), assists 

Division staff in the development of wildfire emergency plans and provides the authorization 

required for prescribed burning. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 

(FFWCC), assists staff in the enforcement of state laws pertaining to wildlife, freshwater fish and 

other aquatic life existing within park boundaries. In addition, the FFWCC aids the Division with 

wildlife management programs, including the development and management of Watchable 

Wildlife programs. The Department of State, Division of Historical Resources (DHR) assists 

staff to assure protection of archaeological and historical sites. The Department of 

Environmental Protection (DEP), Office of Coastal and Aquatic Managed Areas (CAMA) aids 

staff in aquatic preserves management programs. The DEP, Bureau of Beaches and Wetland 

Resources aid staff in planning and construction activities seaward of the Coastal Construction 

Line and in the development of erosion control projects. 

Public Participation 

The Division provided an opportunity for public input by conducting a public workshop and an 

advisory group meeting. A public workshop was held on December 13, 2005 and an Advisory 

Group meeting was be held on December 14, 2005. The purpose of these meetings was to 

present the draft management plan to the public and to provide the Advisory Group members the 

opportunity to discuss the draft management plan. 

Other Designations 

Bald Point State Park is not within an Area of Critical State Concern as defined in section 

380.05, Florida Statutes, nor is it under study for such designation. The park is a component of 

the Florida Greenways and Trails System. 

This unit is adjacent to the Alligator Harbor Aquatic preserve as designated under the Florida 

Aquatic Preserve Act of 1975 (section 258.35, Florida Statutes). None of the waters within the 

park have been designated as Outstanding Florida Waters, pursuant to Chapter 62-302 Florida 

Administrative Code. Surface waters in this unit are Class III waters (Recreation, Propagation 

and Maintenance of a Healthy, Well-Balanced Population of Fish and Wildlife) as designated by 

DEP. Adjacent waters of Ochlockonee Bay and Alligator Harbor are designated Class II 

(Shellfish Propagation or Harvesting). Approximately one mile of shoreline stretching north 

from Lighthouse Point has been designated as a critical erosion area by the DEP, Bureau of 

Beaches and Wetland Resources. 
9

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT COMPONENT 

INTRODUCTION 

The Division of Recreation and Parks has implemented resource management programs for 

preserving for all time the representative examples of natural and cultural resources of statewide 

significance under its administration. This component of the unit plan describes the natural and 

cultural resources of the park and identifies the methods that will be used to manage them. The 

stated management measures in this plan are consistent with the Department’s overall mission in 

ecosystem management. Cited references are contained in Addendum 2. 

The Division’s philosophy of resource management is natural systems management. Primary 

emphasis is on restoring and maintaining, to the degree practicable, the natural processes that 

shape the structure, function and species composition of Florida’s diverse natural communities as 

they occurred in the original domain. Single species management may be implemented when the 

recovery or persistence of a species is problematic provided it is compatible with natural systems 

management. 

The management goal of cultural resources is to preserve sites and objects that represent all of 

Florida’s cultural periods as well as significant historic events or persons. This goal may entail 

active measures to stabilize, reconstruct or restore resources, or to rehabilitate them for 

appropriate public use. 

Because park units are often components of larger ecosystems, their proper management is often 

affected by conditions and occurrences beyond park boundaries. Ecosystem management is 

implemented through a resource management evaluation program (to assess resource conditions, 

evaluate management activities and refine management actions), review of local comprehensive 

plans and review of permit applications for park/ecosystem impacts. 

RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ASSESSMENT 

Natural Resources 

Topography

Bald Point State Park is located on the eastern portion of The St. James Island Peninsula that 

forms the southern shoreline of the Ochlockonee Bay. This area lies within the Apalachicola 

Coastal Lowlands, a sub-unit of the much broader Gulf Coastal Lowlands. The topography of the 

lowlands is generally flat. This is generally the case for most of the park’s uplands, which consist 

of various pine flatwoods communities. A few areas of the park do have noticeable topographical 

relief. Ancient secondary dunes, anchored by xeric oaks, occur along Bald Point Road from the 

Sun Rise day use area to the northern stretch of maritime hammock. Additionally, high rolling 

hills occur in the sand pine, longleaf pine and turkey oak scrub located southwest of County 

Road 370. The deep sandy hills in this portion of the park are relict dunes. 

Geology

The underlying geology of Franklin County can be summarized as a series of formations and 

overlying sediments. The Miocene Period St. Marks Formation is composed of tan to white, 

molluskan moldic, very fine-grained, uncrystallized to completely recrystallized limestone. In 

eastern and central Franklin County, the top of the formation is located at approximately 300 to 

450 feet below mean sea level. The formation dips to the south and southwest. The St. Marks 

limestone overlies the Suwannee Limestone and underlies the Bruce Creek Limestone (Monroe). 
10

Early to middle Miocene Period Bruce Creek Limestone is composed of tan to gray, sandy, 

fossiliferous limestone. In Franklin County, the top of the formation ranges from 25 feet below 

mean sea level in the extreme eastern portion of the county to almost 350 feet below mean sea 

level in the extreme western portion of the county. The Bruce Creek Limestone underlies the 

Intracoastal Formation. 

The middle Miocene to late Pliocene Period Intracoastal Formation overlies the limestone of the 

Bruce Creek Formation. The Intracoastal Formation is composed of very sandy, phosphatic, 

poorly cemented and crumbly, fossiliferous, coarse grained limestone. Fossils include 

foraminifera, mollusks, shark teeth, ostracods, sponge spicules and echinoids. The Intracoastal 

Formation is overlain by the Alum Bluff Group sediments. 

Late Pliocene Period Alum Bluff sediments consist of two general lithologies. These include 

unconsolidated to poorly indurated, slightly phosphatic, sandy, shelly limestone in a calcite or 

clay matrix (Monroe). Mollusks are the most common type of fossil. The Alum Bluff Group 

sediments are overlain by undifferentiated surficial sediments. 

Pleistocene and Holocene sediments consist of alluvium and marine terrace deposits. They are 

predominantly unconsolidated quartz sand, sandy clay, and clayey sand, all of which are 

unfossiliferous (Monroe). 

Soils

Sixteen soil types occur on the park. Poorly drained Leon sand and Scranton fine sand 

encompasses vast areas of the park and support a mosaic of mesic and wet flatwoods. Water is 

either at or very near the surface during wet periods. Ortega fine sand, Kershaw sand, Resota fine 

sand and Mandarin fine sand are abundant as well, and support scrubby flatwoods and scrub 

communities. The various freshwater wetlands occur primarily on Rutlege sands and PickneyPamlico complex, depressional. The park’s expansive and scenic tidal marshes mostly occur on 

Dirego and Byvi soils. The secondary dune ridges along portions of Bald Point Road occur on 

Corolla sand and Newhan-Corolla complex, rolling. Addendum 3 contains detailed descriptions 

of these and other soil units. 

A land management change from intensive silviculture to natural systems management will 

reduce impacts to soil resources associated with the use of logging equipment. Although this 

plan considers the use of selective timber removal as a management measure, these activities are 

non-reoccurring and are rather intended to initiate restoration. Additionally, planting of sea oats 

and placement of sand fencing has reduced levels of erosion in beach dune areas along Bald 

Point Road. 

Minerals

There are no minerals of commercial value at Bald Point. Furthermore, there are no 

commercially mined mineral commodities in Franklin County (Monroe). Unconsolidated sand is 

mined, in some locations throughout the county, from scattered shallow pits for local use. 

Hydrology

Two aquifers underlie Franklin County, the surficial aquifer and the deeper, extensive Floridan 

Aquifer. Surficial aquifers are at or near land surface and are generally composed of loose 

sediments, such as sand or gravel. The surficial aquifer system contains the water table, and 

water is generally unconfined (Lane). 

In eastern Franklin County the surficial aquifer, system is composed of unconsolidated quartz 
3

4

8

10

11

13

15

18

22

24

26

29

30

31

33

36

31

LEGEND

3 - Beaches

4 - Dirego and Bayvi soils, tidal

8 - Ridgewood sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

10 - Corolla sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

11 - Dorovan-Pamlico complex, depressional

13 - Hurricane sand

15 - Ortega fine sand, o 0 to 5 percent slopes

18 - Kershaw sand, 5 to 12 percent slopes

22 - Leon sand

24 - Mandarin fine sand

26 - Duckston sand, occasionally flooded

29 - Resota fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes

30 - Rutlege loamy fine sand, depressional

31 - Rutlege fine sand

33 - Scanton fine sand

36 - Pickney-Pamlico complex, depressional

Water

BALD POINT

STATE PARK SOILS MAP

Prepared by:

Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Division of Recreation and Parks

Office of Park Planning

0 750 1,500 3,000

Feet
12

sand. This aquifer is very discontinuous because of clay and sandy clay lithologies that are 

commonly interbedded with the quartz sand (Monroe). 

The Floridan aquifer system is composed of the Bruce Creek Limestone and the St. Marks 

Formation. Other deeper limestone formations are also considered part of the Floridan aquifer 

system, but in Franklin County, they frequently contain salty water and are too deep to be used 

economically. The top of the Bruce Creek Limestone represents the top of the Floridan aquifer 

system in this area. The Floridan aquifer system is the principal aquifer and source of ground 

water in the county. 

Natural water bodies and wetlands occur throughout the park. They include basin marsh, 

depression marsh, marsh lakes, flatwoods lakes and estuarine tidal marsh. At roughly 175 acres, 

Tucker Lake is the largest water body, as well as one of the park’s most prominent natural 

features. A well-defined, navigable channel has been dredged to connect the tidal waters of 

Chaires Creek with Tucker Lake. The dredged channel follows a low, otherwise poorly defined, 

natural drainage. This and a second poorly defined natural drainage located just northwest of 

Tucker Lake once provided infrequent connection to the brackish waters of Chaires Creek, most 

likely only occurring during major storm surge events. Anecdotal evidence gathered from long 

time local residents indicates that this was primarily a freshwater, saw grass rimmed lake that 

supported an excellent natural bass and bluegill fishery. The enhanced channel now brings 

regular tidal flush to the lake. Organic sedimentation is obvious, particularly in the northern 

shallows near the Chaires Creek connection. Other portions of the lake, particularly along the 

southwestern shoreline have a firm sandy bottom similar to the park’s other well-defined 

flatwoods lakes. Today the lake is characteristic of an estuarine area. The majority of the 

shoreline is rimmed with dense black needlerush, and marine species such as redfish, speckled 

sea trout and blue crabs are common. 

A second channel was dredged to link a chain of small ponds with a westerly arm of Chaires 

Creek. The smaller of the two wooden bridges crosses this channel, which was dug out, from a 

once poorly defined drain through mesic flatwoods. Although altered by regular tidal influence, 

these ponds as well as Tucker Lake have a natural estuarine appearance. No active management 

measures are proposed for these areas, other than to maintain the bridges for resource 

management access. 

Little Tucker Lake, located just west of its larger namesake, is distinctly different from the park’s 

other flatwoods lakes. In contrast to the other shallow sandy bottom ponds, the shoreline of Little 

Tucker drops off sharply. Park staff has measured the lake’s depth at nearly 60 feet. Unlike the 

low marshy shoreline of many of the other local ponds, Little Tucker Lake is surrounded by 

immediate uplands of saw palmetto/slash pine flatwoods. 

The park’s diverse estuarine wetlands include six well-delineated salt creeks along the shoreline 

of the Ochlockonee Bay. The largest of these, by far, is Chaires Creek with approximately 7 

miles of twisted branches. The Chaires Creek system is flanked by an expansive estuarine tidal 

marsh dominated by black needlerush. This and other tidal marsh communities provide essential 

habitat for marine organisms. They especially play a key role as nurseries for many species of 

pelagic and deep-water fish that spend their early life stages in the protective sanctuary of the 

marsh environment. Additionally, the park preserves and protects a string of low marsh islands 

along the shoreline of Alligator Harbor. These areas provide excellent foraging habitat for 

wading birds, and provide a unique recreational experience for paddlers. 
13

A number of ditches were constructed on the property long prior to State acquisition. It is 

presumed that these ditches were installed to manage lake levels, improve drainage for 

silviculture, and possibly in the interest of mosquito control. All of the lakes near the eastern 

residential area have been connected via ditches or culverts. Sand Pond is connected to Double 

Pond via an 8 foot wide, 500 ft long ditch. During wet periods, the flow of water in this ditch is 

quite rapid. Double Pond is connected to the unnamed marsh pond to the south via a large 

drainage culvert. A ditch carries water from this unnamed wetland into Mullet Pond to the east. 

A 2,300-foot long outlet ditch drains Mullet Pond into the Apalachee Bay. This ditch was cut 

through the large basin marsh north of Mullet Pond, and flows underneath Bald Point Road. The 

outfall of this ditch has cut an outlet channel across the open beach approximately 20 – 30 ft in 

width. 

Ditching has also occurred within a large freshwater basin marsh located in the western portion 

of the park. This interior wetland has an outflow ditch that carries water a short distance east into 

a much longer ditch. This longer ditch begins in the depression marsh just north of Little Tucker 

Lake, and flows north for nearly 4,000 feet before draining into Little Bridge Pond. Little Bridge 

Pond has connection to the western arm of Chaires Creek. This long ditch appears to follow a 

poorly delineated natural drainage. There are a few much smaller ditches that feed into this larger 

ditch, apparently intended to improve mesic and wet flatwoods sites for silviculture. The wetland 

vegetation within this extensive ditch system is dominated by freshwater plants such as fragrant 

pond lily, St. John’s wort, saw grass, spikerush and lance-leaved duck potato. 

Surface and near surface hydrology in mesic and wet flatwoods ultimately flows into the vast 

freshwater wetlands or tidal marshes. Higher permeability and lower seasonal high water tables 

in the scrub and scrubby flatwoods usually preclude standing water at ground surface. 

Natural Communities

The system of classifying natural communities employed in this plan was developed by the 

Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). The premise of this system is that physical factors, such 

as climate, geology, soil, hydrology and fire frequency generally determine the species 

composition of an area, and that areas which are similar with respect to these factors will tend to 

have natural communities with similar species compositions. Obvious differences in species 

composition can occur, despite similar physical conditions. In other instances, physical factors 

are substantially different, yet the species compositions are quite similar. For example, coastal 

strand and scrub--two communities with similar species compositions--generally have quite 

different climatic environments, and these necessitate different management programs. 

The park contains 13 distinct natural communities (see Natural Communities Map) in addition to 

ruderal and developed areas. Park specific assessments of the existing natural communities are 

provided in the narrative below. A list of plants and animals occurring in the unit is contained in 

Addendum 4. 

Beach dune. The beach dune community at Bald Point consists of a thin strip of gently sloping 

dunes and swales along the eastern shoreline of the park. Portions of the beach dune are closely 

associated with and often grade into scrubby flatwoods and xeric hammock. Larger, wellestablished dunes support scrubby flatwoods vegetation including slash pine, sand live oak and 

myrtle oak. Typical plants found within the park’s dune systems include southern sea rocket, 

frolichea, saltbush, pennywort, narrow-leaved golden aster, gallardia, camphorweed, seaside 

goldenrod, saltwort, sea oats, beach grass, gopher apple and beach morning glory. 

This area experiences relatively low energy wave action. Consequently, the primary dune profile 
1

85

8

27

66

84

8

15

7

16

48

25

49

31

43

26

48

31

25

66

16

43

BALD POINT

STATE PARK

Prepared by:

Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Division of Recreation and Parks

Office of Park Planning

LEGEND

1 - Beach Dune-57.59 ac.

7 - Maritime Hammock-15.43 ac.

8 - Mesic Flatwoods-1553.25 ac.

15 - Scrub-163.05 ac.

16 - Scrubby Flatwoods-935.54 ac.

25 - Basin Marsh-245.48 ac.

26 - Basin Swamp-319.50 ac.

27 - Baygall-44.28 ac.

31 - Depression Marsh-68.31 ac.

43 - Wet Flatwoods-447.83 ac.

48 - Flatwood / Prairie Lake-255.07 ac.

49 - Marsh Lake-21.90 ac.

66 - Estuarine Tidal Marsh-707.32 ac.

84 - Ruderal-3.35 ac.

85 - Developed-21.42 ac.

0 750 1,500 3,000

Feet

NATURAL COMMUNITIES

MAP
15

is generally lower and less dramatic than beach dune communities on high-energy coastlines. 

Some portions of the beach dune community have been impacted by unregulated foot traffic. 

Stabilization measures such as replanting and deployment of sand fencing are currently being 

tested. 

Maritime hammock. A thin strip of maritime hammock remains intact, near the northeastern 

shoreline of the park. The hammock occurs along well-drained sands that were derived from old, 

secondary dune systems. The low profile canopy is comprised mostly of old growth live oaks 

and sand live oaks. Understory vegetation is sparse, and consists primarily of scattered saw 

palmetto. Prior to State acquisition, the hammock was impacted by vehicle use. Most of the old 

jeep trails are still obvious; however, all of the disturbed areas show improvement since 1999. 

A very small area of well-developed canopy lies nestled between marsh and flatwoods in the 

southern tip of the park. The area consists of tightly spaced live oaks that form a thick canopy, 

along with a few sand hickories. Conditions within the hammock are mesic, largely attributed to 

shading and humus buildup in the soil that helps retain ground moisture. Other vegetation 

consists mostly of saw palmetto, beautyberry, gallberry and bluecurls. 

A few thin strips of oak/hickory hammock occur along County Road 370 (Alligator Point Road), 

particularly near the turn off for Bald Point Road. A large shell midden occurs here, and has 

likely had an influence on the overstory vegetation. A similar area of maritime hammock occurs 

along the western edge of recorded archaeological site FR 04, near the Sun and Sands residential 

area. A closed canopy of live oak, pignut hickory, wild olive and bay trees occurs immediately 

adjacent to the houses. This area of maritime hammock is currently included in with the adjacent 

scrub map unit. It should eventually be GPS surveyed and delineated on the natural community 

map as a separate map unit. 

The maritime hammock communities are a favored gathering point for Neotropical migratory 

birds. This imperiled community is considered essential habitat and should be protected. 

Mesic flatwoods. Several variations of mesic flatwoods are recognized by The Florida Natural 

Areas Inventory. The slash pine-saw palmetto-gallberry plant association is typical of the mesic 

flatwoods found at Bald Point. This natural community encompasses a large portion of the park. 

All of the mesic flatwoods on the Tucker Lake Parcel (western 2/3 of the park) have been 

converted to slash pine plantation. Understory fuel loading is high in these areas, consisting 

mostly of woody shrubs such as gallberry, lyonia, wax myrtle and titi. An aggressive prescribed 

fire program is a necessary and practical approach to fuels management and natural community 

restoration in these plantation sites. 

The mesic flatwoods on the Mullet Pond Parcel (original 1,400 acre tract/eastern 1/3 of the park) 

have not been converted to plantation. Some selective timber removal appears to have taken 

place in some areas over the last 15-20 years. However, the current overstory of slash and pond 

pine has a natural density and multi-age/size variation. In addition, most of the mesic flatwoods 

in this portion of the park were roller chopped and burned by the prior owner in effort to enhance 

the vista in preparation for development. This has made routine prescribed burning a manageable 

task for these areas. 

Typical flatwoods understory components such as wiregrass, lyonia, gallberry, dwarf 

huckleberry, blueberry, St. John’s-wort, blazing star and yellow-eyed grass are common. A 

continued focus on prescribed burning will help promote these species, as well as manage 
16

understory fuel loads. All of the mesic flatwoods burn zones at this park should be burned every 

2-3 years, with the majority of burns occurring in the spring and summer months. Any greater 

fire return interval allows heavy, understory, live fuel loads to build up, resulting in very 

hot/intense burns. 

Long-term management objectives for all wet flatwoods areas include restoration towards a more 

natural, open pineland. Overstory pine density will be reduced through selective thinning, while 

routine prescribed burning will help re-establish more natural understory species proportions 

towards an increase in herbaceous plants. 

Scrub. Large areas southwest of Alligator Point Road are delineated as scrub. These welldrained, xeric uplands consist of rolling hills comprised of deep sandy soils. The overstory in 

most areas is entirely sand pine. Understory vegetation in these purely sand pine areas is very 

sparse. In many cases, the forest floor is nearly covered with deer moss lichen. Sand pine appears 

to be the natural dominant pine in this portion of the park. 

Pockets of longleaf pine also occur throughout the area identified as scrub. These pockets are 

usually smaller than an acre. A few longleaf pines can be found scattered across some of the 

ridge tops. A few widely scattered clumps of wiregrass generally accompany the longleaf pines. 

In one such example, a few isolated longleaf were aged along with the larger sand pines 

surrounding them. The longleaf pines were approximately 30 years older than any of the adjacent 

sand pine. The extent to which lack of fire has influenced either species of pine in this area of the 

park is unclear. However, it appears that longleaf may have been more prevalent in the past. 

Prescribed burning of large blocks of sand pine scrub is extremely difficult, however, under low 

drought conditions and appropriate prescribed weather conditions, fire could be safely applied to 

small longleaf pockets. This would improve habitat conditions for the older longleaf. However, 

given the limited staff and financial resources of the park, this is a much lower priority than the 

routine maintenance burning of flatwoods burn zones on the Mullet Pond parcel. 

Other prevalent trees found throughout the scrub include turkey oak, rusty lyonia and sand live 

oak. Low understory plants include saw palmetto, dune rosemary, conradina, gopher apple and 

red basil. 

Scrubby flatwoods. At Bald Point, scrubby flatwoods occur on slightly elevated areas with 

moderate to well-drained soils. These areas are closely associated with and often grade, quite 

abruptly, into mesic flatwoods. All of the scrubby flatwoods on the Tucker Lake parcel have 

been converted to slash or mixed slash and sand pine plantation. Additionally, a few longleaf 

pines have been found in a small number of scrubby flatwoods plantation sites. Restoration 

measures for the scrubby flatwoods plantation areas will focus on prescribed fire with the main 

objectives of reducing sand pines and understory live fuel loads. Thinning of slash pines should 

be a secondary objective. Historically these areas did not support such a high density of pines. 

Long-term management objectives for these areas should be to re-establish a more natural, 

widely spaced, mixed overstory of slash and longleaf pine. Intact scrubby flatwoods areas on the 

Mullet Pond parcel should be used as a model to help guide restoration efforts on the Tucker 

Lake parcel. Understory vegetation in plantation sites includes sand live oak, turkey oak, 

Chapman oak, bluejack oak, myrtle oak, rusty lyonia, jointweed, gopher apple, wiregrass, black 

senna, blazing star, and lichens. 

The scrubby flatwoods areas on the Mullet Pond parcel have not been converted to plantation. 

Some selective harvesting of overstory pines has occurred in a few areas, but was minimal and 

appears to have occurred a decade ago. No longleaf pines have been found in any of the 
17

flatwoods communities on the Mullet Pond parcel. All of the scrubby flatwoods communities in 

this portion of the park are therefore characterized by a widely scattered overstory of slash pines. 

Much younger sand pines have gained a foothold in a few areas. One of the objectives of 

prescribed fire for scrubby flatwoods burn zones should be control of sand pine. 

Understory vegetation in these eastern scrubby flatwoods sites generally consists of scattered 

xeric shrubs such as sand live oak and rusty lyonia. Low herbaceous plants include scattered 

wiregrass, broomsedge, cottonweed, black senna, various jointweeds and blazing star. Two 

jointweeds (sandhill wireweed and October flower) bloom in the relative sandy openings by the 

hundreds and often thousands. Along with the bright pink flower stalks of blazing star, these 

dense colonies of flowering plants create a spectacle of colors in the late summer and early fall. 

Because of the lower understory fuel continuity in most areas, a slightly higher fire return 

interval of 3-6 years appears to be natural for this community. This fire return interval reflects a 

wide range. The appropriate fire frequency will vary from site to site based on conditions within 

specific scrubby flatwoods burn zones. In particular, scrubby flatwoods that have been converted 

to pine plantations may require frequent fire (2-3 year fire return interval) during initial 

restoration. 

Long-term management objectives for all wet flatwoods areas include restoration towards a more 

natural, open pineland. Overstory pine density will be reduced through selective thinning, while 

routine prescribed burning will help re-establish more natural understory species proportions. 

Once restoration measures have been well initiated, the natural condition of portions of scrubby 

flatwoods, with very low site indices, may be revealed to be sparse low oak scrub. 

 

Basin marsh. Large, irregularly shaped basin marshes occur throughout the park. These 

freshwater communities are comprised primarily of sawgrass and sand cord grass along the 

periphery, while various species of hydrophytic plants occupy the interior portions. Typical 

plants include lance-leaved arrowhead, fragrant pond lily, pickerelweed, bladderwort and sedges. 

Several areas within the marshes appear to hold water year round. These open water areas 

classified as marsh lakes provide habitat for many animals including wading birds, ducks, 

alligators, turtles, water snakes, frogs and fish. 

Most of these large wetlands have been impacted by the draining effects of ditching. Long-term 

management objectives include the restoration of historical water levels within these altered 

wetlands, to the extent feasible. 

Baygall. In some areas, heavily wooded, linear wetlands extend out from lakes or marshes. 

These areas are dominated by hydrophytic hardwoods such as sweet bay, red bay, titi and red 

maple. In most cases, these areas hold deep standing water during the rainy season. Woody 

shrubs such large sweet gallberry, fetterbush, and wax myrtle make access into these areas 

difficult. Baygall wetlands at the park are generally fringed by large slash pines. 

Depression marsh. Numerous depressions occur throughout the park, from less than 1 acre to 

several acres in size. The periphery of these smaller freshwater marshes usually have some 

combination of sand cord grass, sawgrass, myrtle-leaved holly, redroot, yellow-eyed grass, and 

St. John’s wort. The interior of most of the depression marshes hold water throughout much of 

the year. Fragrant pond lily and lance-leaved arrowhead commonly occur here. 

Depression marshes that have a seasonal dry period are important breeding grounds for a variety 
18

of frogs and salamanders. Initial surveys for federally listed flatwoods salamanders were 

conducted during an extended drought period. Surveys conducted during normal rainfall years 

may yield results that are more positive. 

Wet flatwoods. Wet flatwoods communities occur in relatively low areas at the park that tend to 

be inundated during periods of frequent rainfall. Some areas are vast, contiguous expanses, while 

others occur as smaller, wet pinelands in conjunction with mesic flatwoods. A large portion of 

this natural community has been converted to slash pine plantation. In these wet flatwoods 

plantation sites, understory live fuel loads consisting chiefly of gallberry, fetterbush, and in some 

areas titi and wax myrtle, are heavy. Some herbaceous plants such as wiregrass, yellow-eyed 

grass, deer tongue and marsh pinks are found here, although in many cases lie buried under the 

thick shrub layer. The frequent application of prescribed fire is important to initiating restoration 

measures for these areas. 

Areas of flatwoods at the eastern end of the park have not been subjected to rowed planting, 

although most have been selectively thinned. This is most evident in the large stretch of wet 

flatwoods located north of Sand Pond, where large stumps explain the general absence of 

overstory slash pines. Understory plants in this portion of the park include beardgrass, wiregrass, 

yellow-eyed grass, deer tongue, sea lavender, Godfrey’s blazing star, blue-eyed grass, sundews, 

redroot, bluestem and various sedges. Gallberry, fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) and wax myrtle are 

also common. This and other large wet flatwoods expanses are occasionally dotted with very 

small, linear ridges. These subtle ridges are generally distinguished by the presence of low sand 

live oak and rusty lyonia. 

Long-term management objectives for all wet flatwoods areas include restoration towards a more 

natural, open pineland. Overstory pine density will be reduced through selective thinning, while 

routine prescribed burning will help re-establish more natural understory species proportions 

towards an increase in herbaceous plants. 

Flatwoods lake. Flatwoods lakes at the park include Tucker Lake, Little Tucker Lake, Sand 

Pond, Mullet Pond, Jenny Pond and Double Pond. At roughly 175 acres, Tucker Lake is the 

largest water body, as well as one of the park’s most prominent natural features. A well-defined, 

navigable channel has been dredged to connect the tidal waters of Chaires Creek with Tucker 

Lake. The dredged channel follows a low, otherwise poorly defined, natural drainage. This and a 

second poorly defined natural drainage located just northwest of Tucker Lake once provided 

infrequent connection to the brackish waters of Chaires Creek, most likely only occurring during 

major storm surge events. Anecdotal evidence gathered from long time local residents indicates 

that this was primarily a freshwater, saw grass rimmed lake that supported an excellent natural 

bass and bluegill fishery. The enhanced channel now brings regular tidal flush to the lake. 

Organic sedimentation is obvious, particularly in the northern shallows near the Chaires Creek 

connection. Other portions of the lake, particularly along the southwestern shoreline have a firm 

sandy bottom similar to the park’s other well-defined flatwoods lakes. Today the lake is 

characteristic of an estuarine tidal area. The majority of the shoreline is rimmed with dense black 

needlerush, and marine species such as redfish, speckled sea trout and blue crabs are common. 

Sand Pond is located in the eastern portion of the park and is surrounded by mesic and wet 

flatwoods. This is a shallow sand bottom pond fringed by sawgrass, sand cordgrass and rushes. 

Based on initial field observations, this lake appears to support a diverse assemblage of 

amphibians and fish, such as leopard frog, bronze frog, cricket frog, bullfrog, pig frog, green tree 

frog, pinewoods tree frog, squirrel tree frog, largemouth bass, bluegill, red breasted sunfish and 

mosquito fish. 
19

Mullet Pond is located in the east central portion of the park. Several residents are located along 

the southern shoreline. A man-made outlet at the north side of the lake connects through the 

adjacent basin marsh, and into the Gulf of Mexico. Despite this continuity to the Gulf of Mexico, 

the lake appears to maintain freshwater characteristics. For instance, sawgrass, lance-leaved 

arrowhead and other low salt tolerant species are numerous along the shoreline. 

Double Pond receives overflow from Sand pond via a 500 ft. long ditch. This lake is partially 

divided in two by a thin strip of emergent aquatic vegetation. The lake is surrounded by mesic 

flatwoods and marsh communities. Vegetation in and around double pond is similar to the other 

mentioned lakes. 

As mentioned in the section entitled “Hydrology,” all of the flatwoods lakes have been 

influenced by man-made channels or ditches. All of the named lakes in the eastern portion of the 

park have been connected via ditches and culverts that ultimately drain these wetlands into the 

Apalachee Bay. 

Marsh lake. Several areas of open water within basin marsh communities are delineated as 

marsh lakes. The marsh lakes are smaller in comparison to the surrounding marsh community. 

Dominant vegetation within the marsh lakes includes fragrant pond lily and bladderwort. 

Additionally, these shallow, open water areas provide exceptional habitat for a variety of wading 

birds. 

Estuarine tidal marsh. The vast estuarine tidal marsh community at Bald Point affords park 

visitors unique and beautiful vistas. 

Those portions of the marsh subject to greater marine influence are dominated by salt tolerant 

plants such as black needlerush. Interior portions of the marsh contain a higher proportion of 

sand cordgrass. Sawgrass is found in far interior regions, rarely affected by tidal flow, where 

salinity is very low and the marsh begins to grade into the adjacent flatwoods communities. 

The park’s diverse estuarine wetlands include six well-delineated salt creeks along the shoreline 

of the Ochlockonee Bay. The largest of these, by far, is Chaires Creek with approximately seven 

miles of twisted branches. The Chaires Creek system is flanked by an expansive estuarine tidal 

marsh dominated by black needlerush. This and other tidal marsh communities provide essential 

habitat for marine organisms. They especially play a key role as nurseries for many species of 

pelagic and deep-water fish. 

Tidal fluctuation is an important ecological factor in the marsh, cycling nutrients and allowing 

marine and estuarine fauna access to the marsh. This exchange helps make the park’s tidal 

marshes biologically productive natural areas. 

Marine unconsolidated substrate. The narrow beach and immediate shoreline comprise the 

marine unconsolidated substrate at the park. This community has experienced some degree of 

erosion over the years. This is evident by barnacle encrusted slash pine stumps lying partially 

submerged just off the beach. 

The beach and intertidal zone at Bald Point provide nesting, resting and foraging habitat for a 

variety of resident and migratory shorebirds. A small number of loggerhead sea turtles nests 

along the beach in most years from spring to late summer. Green sea turtles have also been 

observed nesting at Bald Point, although the occurrence of this species is much more infrequent. 
20

Ruderal and developed. Small ruderal areas include former dove fields and feed plots 

established by the prior hunting lease. Other small areas have had varied impacts from prior land 

use, however these areas will be managed in conjunction with the surrounding natural 

communities, and are therefore not delineated on the natural communities map. Likewise, the 

vast pine plantations will be managed as natural areas as well. The borrow pit located in the 

eastern central portion of the park has been restored by park staff. 

Currently, developed areas at the park are limited to the small Bald Point, and Sunset Beach day 

use areas, the park shop compound, one staff residence, and the system of resource management 

roads. 

Designated Species

Designated species are those that are listed by the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI), U.S. 

Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 

(FFWCC), and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDA) as 

endangered, threatened or of special concern. Addendum 5 contains a list of the designated 

species and their designated status for this park. Management measures will be addressed later in 

this plan. 

Currently, 54 designated species of plants and animals have been recognized at Bald Point. Four 

bald eagle nests occur on, within (private out-parcel), or very near the park. One of these nests, 

located near the Ochlockonee Bay between Bald Point and the mouth of Chaires Creek, has been 

occupied by a nesting pair every year since State acquisition of the property. Each year, park 

staff has reported fledglings in this nest. Park staff has also reported an increase in immature 

eagles at the park during the fall and winter months, indicating that perhaps the young birds are 

returning seasonally. Additionally, a number of active osprey nests occur along the various 

wetland communities throughout the park. 

In addition to bald eagles, wide varieties of migratory raptors frequent the park seasonally. 

Peregrine falcons arrive at the park every year in the fall as the first cold fronts pass through. The 

falcons prey on the neo-tropical migratory songbirds that pass through the park on annual 

migration. In addition to the Peregrines, kestrels and merlins are also observed each year. Other 

raptors, commonly observed at the park, include northern harriers, red-tailed hawks, redshouldered hawks, broad wing hawks and coopers hawks. 

At least one black bear frequents the park. This animal has been photographed by a number of 

residents within the Mullet Pond residential area. Bear scat is also commonly found on the many 

resource management roads that span the park’s interior indicating the possible presence of other 

bears. 

American alligators are common within the flatwoods lakes and larger basin marsh wetlands. 

The largest alligator observed on the park by staff was located in Sand Pond. Alligators have also 

been observed in Jenny Pond, Double Pond, Western Mullet Pond, the large basin marshes near 

the shop, Chaires Creek and the Ochlockonee Bay. 

A handful of gopher tortoises occur on the park. Suitable habitat for these animals is generally 

limited to the scrubby flatwoods areas. Lower seasonal water tables and slightly higher drier 

soils provide suitable areas for burrows. Currently, a small number of active burrows have been 

discovered. 

Federally protected sea turtles utilize the park’s beach for nesting during the spring and summer 
21

months. In most years, only loggerheads are observed, however, green sea turtle nests have also 

been recorded along the beach from Bald Point to Lighthouse Point. 

Four listed plant species are known to occur on the park. Godfrey’s blazing star Liatris 

provincialis is similar to other common species of blazing star with the characteristic long pink 

flower stalks. The Godfrey’s blazing star has been documented in certain scrubby flatwoods 

areas of the park. Large-leaved jointweed Polygonella macrophylla has been documented during 

a recent floral survey of the park. This showy fall blooming jointweed occurs on the high relict 

dunes near Bald Point Road. Two other listed plants found at the park are spoon-leaf sundew and 

bent-leaf goldenaster. 

Special Natural Features

The extensive salt marsh communities offer some of the most impressive natural vistas in the 

southeastern coastal plain. They also provide visitors with excellent wildlife viewing 

opportunities. These biologically rich and aesthetically beautiful estuarine systems are 

considered special natural features. 

Extensive estuarine mollusk reefs occur within 400 feet of the shore. The reefs are considered a 

special natural feature. These living reefs are typically expansive concentrations of sessile 

mollusks occurring in intertidal and subtidal zones. They are comprised almost entirely of 

American oysters. The mollusk reefs are biologically productive areas that support a variety of 

other sessile and benthic invertebrates including sponges, anemones, mussels, clams and marine 

worms. 

Cultural Resources 

Evaluating the condition of cultural resources is accomplished using a three part evaluative scale, 

expressed as good, fair, poor. These terms describe the present state of affairs, rather than 

comparing what exists against the ideal, a newly constructed component. Good describes a 

condition of structural stability and physical wholeness, where no obvious deterioration other 

than normal occurs. Fair describes a condition in which there is a discernible decline in condition 

between inspections, and the wholeness or physical integrity is and continues to be threatened by 

factors other than normal wear. A fair judgment is cause for concern. Poor describes an unstable 

condition where there is palpable, accelerating decline, and physical integrity is being 

compromised quickly. A resource in poor condition suffers obvious declines in physical integrity 

from year to year. A poor condition suggests immediate action to reestablish physical stability. 

The cultural resources at Bald Point State Park that have been identified and brought under 

management thus far are prehistoric and historic archaeological sites. As of October 2005, the 

park partially or entirely encompassed sixteen recorded archaeological sites (8FR4, 36, 38, 39, 

40, 41, 42, 51, 826, 893, 894, 904, 905, 940, 941 and 942) and one isolated archaeological find. 

Nine of these sites were recorded before the park was established in 1999, the majority exposed 

by road and fire line construction around the perimeter of the privately owned point in the 1950s 

and 60s; the remainder were identified by state personnel during routine park operations and 

limited surveys precipitated by ground disturbing activity. Additional archaeological sites in the 

park have been observed but not recorded with the Florida Master Site File. Two more 

documented prehistoric archaeological sites (8FR5 and the Mystery Site) lie just outside park 

boundaries. 

Archaeologists from the Division of Historic Resources (DHR) have conducted limited surface 

inspections and subsurface testing of known sites, proposed construction locations, and some 

high probability areas. Further testing is needed to identify the site boundaries, components, 
22

integrity and significance of almost all recorded sites. Large portions of the park have yet to be 

surveyed for cultural resources, and it is unknown what type and with what frequency 

archaeological sites occur in these areas. Archaeological work to date has demonstrated, 

however, that the larger area contains highly significant sites, that park uplands possess the 

greatest potential for containing sites, that intact archaeological resources exist despite past 

disturbances, and that survey work is critical to recovering archaeological data essential for good 

resource management and park planning. 

Prehistoric Cultural Resources. Bald Point State Park, which is located in the Florida Gulf 

Coast archaeological area, contains 11-recorded prehistoric sites, 4-recorded multi-component 

sites with prehistoric elements, and one documented prehistoric isolated find. These prehistoric 

archaeological resources include low and high density, small and large, intact and disturbed, and 

NRHP eligible and ineligible artifact scatters and shell middens. The majority of these sites are 

Weeden Island period, followed by Swift Creek and Deptford, and then Fort Walton and 

Norwood period. Larger scale site and aerial surveys are needed to better characterize individual 

sites, establish the relationship of these sites to each other and to the significant Tucker and Yent 

Mound sites, and answer contemporary research questions. 

Archaeological evidence attests to Bald Point’s rich prehistory, demonstrating thousands of years 

of continuous human occupation and the presence of a significant Hopewellian ceremonial site. 

The area has attracted amateur and professional archaeologists, as well as looters, for over a 

century. In the first half of the 20th century, Clarence Moore, Gordon Willey and William Sears 

excavated the Tucker and Yent Mound sites, which contained shell middens and burial mounds 

characteristic of Woodland and particularly Deptford period sites and which became the site type 

for the Yent complex. In the mid-20th century, Florida State University archaeologists Hale 

Smith and David Phelps continued to investigate the Tucker/Yent complex as well as record sites 

in recently disturbed areas, further illuminating site distribution and settlement patterns and 

providing cursory condition assessments. Archaeological surveys at the turn of the 20th century 

demonstrate that despite previous site disturbance caused by road and fire line construction, shell 

mining, residential development, silviculture, military training, looting and erosion, 

archaeological sites at Bald Point State Park still possess the potential to answer questions about 

prehistoric chronology, demography and cultural evolution. 

Historic Cultural Resources. Historical activity in Bald Point is presently less well represented 

archaeologically. The park contains one recorded historic site, and four recorded multicomponent sites with historic elements. Four of the five sites contain material evidence of the 

early – mid 20th century economic activities of turpentining, cattle ranching, and fishing. These 

types of sites have the potential to contribute to our understanding of traditional local industries, 

social relations and African-American heritage. As with the park’s prehistoric resources, further 

assessment is needed to better characterize the known sites and locate the additional sites that 

likely exist though out the park. 

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 

Special Management Considerations 

Timber Management Analysis

Chapters 253 and 259, Florida Statutes, require an assessment of the feasibility of managing 

timber in land management plans for parcels greater than 1,000 acres if the lead agency 

determines that timber management is not in conflict with the primary management objectives of 

the land. The feasibility of harvesting timber at this park during the period covered by this plan 
23

was considered in context of the Division’s statutory responsibilities, and an analysis of the 

park’s resource needs and values. The long-term management goal for forest communities in the 

state park system is to maintain or re-establish old-growth characteristics to the degree 

practicable, with the exception of early successional communities such as sand pine scrub and 

coastal strand. 

The majority of the upland communities were converted to pine plantation sites by the previous 

landowner. All of the mesic and wet flatwoods plantations were planted with slash pine, which 

was probably the most prevalent naturally occurring species of pine before timber management. 

Nearly all of the mesic and wet plantation sites consist of young pine stands. Typical flatwoods 

understory plants such as gallberry, saw palmetto, fetterbush, wiregrass, and other herbaceous 

plants are abundant, however heavy fuel loading is a problem. Management measures for the 

mesic and wet flatwoods sites will focus on reducing understory fuel loads, and re-establishing a 

more natural density and size/age distribution among the remaining overstory pines. Currently 

the density of planted slash pines is believed to be much higher than what once occurred 

naturally. In effort to initiate restoration measures in these areas, some level of stand thinning 

prior to the application of prescribed fire shall be considered. Addendum 6 contains the timber 

management assessment for the park. 

Large areas of scrubby flatwoods were also converted to pine plantation by the former 

landowner. Most of these areas were also planted with slash pine. However, it appears that 

longleaf was present, to some degree, in the overstory that naturally occurred prior to timber 

management. Based on observations of other scrubby flatwoods sites on the St. James Island, it 

appears that the natural overstory should be some mixture of slash and longleaf. Some level of 

slash pine thinning should be considered in these scrubby flatwoods plantation sites in order to 

open up sizable pockets for the reintroduction of longleaf. Additionally, some of the scrubby 

flatwoods sites have been planted in Choctawhatchee sand pine. These sites contain a large seed 

source for an aggressive colonizer that can alter natural overstory species proportions. The sand 

pine plantations should be removed by either fire or mechanical means. 

Management Needs and Problems 

Access into some portions of the park for the purpose of resource management, is a problem. The 

poorly drained soils of areas mapped as wet and mesic flatwoods are easily rutted and impacted 

by heavy equipment. If fire lines must traverse portions of these areas, then management 

measures should consider the construction of armored low water crossings, where appropriate. 

 

An effective prescribed fire program at this large park will require inter-agency support from the 

Florida Division of Forestry. In particular, park, District and DOF staff need to discuss the 

feasibility of contracting aerial ignition. DOF assistance with holding support during larger 

ground ignition burns is also recommended. 

There is a significant need at this park to maintain the various resource management roads and 

fire lines. The narrow roads are quickly overgrown by adjacent flatwoods vegetation that 

requires frequent bush hog mowing. 

Certain scrubby flatwoods sites were converted to sand pine plantation. The sand pine 

plantations are a significant seed source for an aggressive colonizer that could alter the natural 

composition of overstory pines in the park’s flatwoods. The sand pine plantations need to be 

removed. 

No base-line water quality data occurs for any of the park’s high quality freshwater lakes. Park 
24

and district staffs need to request base-line analysis through the DEP. Ideally; this work needs to 

be conducted prior to any major land development within the immediate area surrounding the 

park. 

The park has never been comprehensively surveyed for cultural resources, resulting in holes in 

our understanding of the history, prehistory and cultural resources of the park. The current 

distribution of recorded archaeological sites closely shadows past ground disturbances in more 

trafficked areas, and limited CARL forays into nearby, less developed areas of the park. 

Archaeological site occurrence is virtually unknown for unsurveyed areas, including most of the 

new addition, although suspected given the park’s proximity to the Tucker/Yent sites, and the 

strong correlation between recorded cultural sites and certain ecological communities and soil 

types. The park needs an archaeological survey of areas with high site potential. 

The park possesses limited information about the boundaries, components, integrity and 

significance of its recorded sites. It is not always clear how far adjacent sites extend on to park 

property, how large any site is, whether sites are intact or disturbed or redeposited, and what 

exactly is present at each site. This incomplete data can and occasionally does pose a challenge 

to site management and park planning. This data should be collected as necessary to perform 

adequate site management. 

Future natural resource management activity has the potential to adversely impact archaeological 

sites. The recent land acquisition, with its remnant and overgrown pine plantations, requires 

extensive natural restoration work that may include prescribed burning and tree removal. The use 

of fire and heavy machinery, and the construction of fire lines, has the potential to disturb 

unrecorded, possibly significant above and below ground cultural resources. Intra-agency, 

multidisciplinary coordination and DHR compliance review of ground-disturbing activity is 

necessary. 

Erosion poses a threat to disturbed and exposed sites, and sites located near the water or in heavy 

use areas. At the park, this includes sites exposed by fire lines or road construction, and located 

near the Gulf, bay or creeks. Looting and vandalism also present potential threats, evidenced by 

the heavy looting of the Yent Mound site. 

Routine site monitoring which results in permanently retained documentation of changing site 

conditions over time is needed. The park has Florida Master Site File records that document site 

disturbances observed at the time the site was initially recorded, (for many, 40 to 50 years ago), 

upon which most site condition ratings are based versus recently identified threats and changing 

site conditions. Some mechanism is needed to integrate recent observations into permanent 

records and future plans. 

Planned future park development will entail ground-disturbing activity in areas not yet surveyed 

for cultural resources, including areas possessing a high potential for containing archaeological 

sites. Intra-agency coordination and early DHR compliance review of future park improvement 

projects can help ensure that sensitive cultural resources are protected while parks are improved 

for public benefit. 

Interpretation of the park’s cultural resources can increase public knowledge of regional history 

and preservation issues. Continuation of the park’s short and long-term cultural resource 

interpretive goals is needed. 
25

Management Objectives 

The resources administered by the Division are divided into two principal categories: natural 

resources and cultural resources. The Division primary objective in natural resource management 

is to maintain and restore, to the extent possible, to the conditions that existed before the 

ecological disruptions caused by man. The objective for managing cultural resources is to protect 

these resources from human-related and natural threats. This will arrest deterioration and help 

preserve the cultural resources for future generations to enjoy. 

 1. Continue routine application of prescribed fire in established burn zones in the eastern 

portion of the park according to established fire return intervals identified in the Bald Point 

State Park Burn Plan. 

 2. Update the park’s prescribed fire plan annually in coordination with the District 1 

prescribed fire plan. Protocol for annual burn plan update is outlined in the park burn plan. 

 3. Identify potential low water crossing sites and delineate using GPS/GIS technology. 

 4. Improve vehicular access along fire lines where appropriate. 

 5. Maintain fire lines and other necessary resource management roads through frequent bush 

hog mowing. 

 6. Develop a plan for the removal of sand pine plantations. If mechanical means is 

determined to be the method of choice, develop a detailed scope of work for the project. 

 7. Request assistance from the DEP to conduct base-line water quality analysis in select lakes 

at the park. 

 8. Develop a basic restoration plan for surface hydrology as recommended under 

Management Measures for Natural Resources. 

 9. Coordinate with the DOF to develop a plan that addresses required measures for aerial 

ignition of appropriate blocks, particularly on the Tucker Lake parcel. 

 10. Conduct surveys to identify and prioritize restoration zones on the western two thirds of 

the property (Tucker Lake parcel) based on natural recovery potential. 

 11. Continue to remove any invasive exotic plants whenever discovered. 

 12. Monitor listed species through surveys, use of GPS/GIS technology, and photo points as 

necessary. 

 13. Protect sensitive areas using signage and designated access points. 

 14. Contact the appropriate departments of the Florida State Universities to request a survey of 

the park’s vertebrate species. 

 15. Coordinate with the USFWS and the FFWCC to monitor active bald eagle nests and black 

bears. 

 16. Conduct ground disturbing activity in accordance with division policy. 

 17. Minimize impacts to significant sites caused by ground disturbing activity associated with 

erosion, looting and vandalism, natural resource management activity, park improvements, 

and other forms of encroachment. 

 18. Routinely monitor and document the condition of archaeological sites in the park. 

 19. Survey recorded sites and unsurveyed areas as necessary to guide site management and 

future park development. 

 20. Enhance interpretation of cultural resources in order to protect archaeological sites and 

increase public knowledge of local history and prehistory. 

Management Measures for Natural Resources 

Hydrology

Despite being influenced by connective ditches and in some cases channelization, the parks 

wetlands are natural in appearance and provide high quality habitat for aquatic species. Any 
26

conceptual restoration of ditches must include detailed analysis of how any proposed restoration 

measures would change the current structure and function of the effected water bodies, 

particularly how restoration might impact current and/or proposed development within and 

adjacent to the park. A basic mapping survey of all major alterations to surface hydrology should 

precede any restoration plans. Elevations of wetlands and any adjacent/nearby development 

should be determined prior to implementing any intended restoration measure that would 

increase retention of surface water. A basic plan (largely GIS based) should be developed that 

delineates where water retention structures, such as ditch blocks, could feasibly be placed 

without posing a flooding threat to nearby development. 

Most of the park’s lakes and ponds have had only minimal disturbance, and remain high quality 

wetlands that support a rich freshwater fauna. With major residential development planned or 

imminent on lands adjacent to the park, base line water quality data for the park’s major lakes is 

needed. Perhaps two or three of these water bodies should be selected and sampled as indicator 

lakes. This information will help establish a reference for water quality for the park’s wetland 

resources. Park staff should request basic water quality testing/analysis (and biological integrity 

surveys) through the DEP Northwest Regulatory office, Water Resources Section. 

Many of the slash pine plantation sites on the western two thirds of the property occur in poorly 

drained wet and mesic flatwoods. These hydric soils are easily disturbed by heavy equipment. 

Rutting can intercept and channelize water that would otherwise sheet flow through these areas. 

As specific restoration zones are identified and prioritized, management measures will be 

developed. If measures include selective timber removal, all work should be accomplished 

during dry periods to avoid impacts to soils and surface hydrology. 

Black needle rush and other estuarine emergent aquatic vegetation serves to anchor soft organic 

sediments. Tidal marsh vegetation provides a highly effective, natural buffer against storms, 

helping to prevent shoreline erosion. Management measures that protect and enhance the 

estuarine systems should be encouraged. 

Prescribed Burning

The objectives of prescribed burning are to create those conditions that are most natural for a 

particular community, and to maintain ecological diversity within the unit's natural communities. 

To meet these objectives, the park is partitioned into burn zones, and burn prescriptions are 

implemented for each zone. The park burn plan is updated annually to meet current conditions. 

All prescribed burns are conducted with authorization from the Department of Agriculture and 

Consumer Services, Division of Forestry (DOF). Wildfire suppression activities will be 

coordinated between the Division and the DOF. 

Evaluation of the existing fire type communities is a continual process updated annually in the 

park burn plan. The park plan is a component of the District 1 burn plan. Specific burn zone 

descriptions, management objectives and recommendations, smoke screening, GIS generated 

burn zone maps, burn zone prescriptions and burn zone histories can be referenced from the 

district plan. As prescribed burning continues at the park, community proportions may be 

adjusted. 

Based on previous land use, the park property is divided into two areas regarding prescribed fire. 

Roughly, the eastern 1/3 of the park has flatwoods communities that have not been converted to 

pine plantations. Although some selective timber removal has occurred in a few areas, the 

pinelands in this portion of the park have a more natural overstory density, size/age distribution 

and overall appearance. Additionally, understory live fuel loads are generally lower. 
27

In contrast, all of the flatwoods areas in the western 2/3 of the park have been converted to pine 

plantations. For management purposes, these areas are classified as mesic and wet flatwoods 

plantation sites or scrubby flatwoods plantation sites. Understory live fuel loads are 

tremendously high in many of the mesic and wet flatwoods plantations. Access into these areas is 

impossible, and presents a serious safety hazard. Management measures for these blocks should 

consider aerial ignition and possibly mechanical fuels reduction if specific soil types are 

conducive to the use of heavy equipment. It should be noted that many of these sites occur in 

very low, poorly drained areas with sensitive soils. 

Many of the scrubby flatwoods plantation sites can be effectively secured and burned via ground 

ignition. All initial fuel reduction burns in flatwoods plantation sites should be conducted in the 

winter. 

Prescribed fire regimes on the eastern 1/3 of the park should include growing season burns to 

maximize top kill of aggressive understory hardwoods while encouraging wiregrass and other 

natural herbaceous components. Fires in basin marsh, during drought conditions, should be 

avoided to reduce the possibility of muck fire. 

Designated Species Protection

The welfare of designated species is an important concern of the Division. In many cases, these 

species will benefit most from proper management of their natural communities. At times, 

however, additional management measures are needed because of the poor condition of some 

communities, or because of unusual circumstances that aggravate the particular problems of a 

species. The Division will consult and coordinate with appropriate federal, state and local 

agencies for management of designated species. 

Staff should continue to protect and monitor the active bald eagle nest during the nesting season. 

Aerial surveys of recorded eagle nests in Franklin and Wakulla Counties are conducted by the 

USFWS each fall. Surveys are generally conducted by staff from the St. Marks National Wildlife 

Refuge. Park staff should request survey information pertaining to the State Park. Any change in 

nesting status should be reported to the FFWCC. 

Evidence of use of the park by black bears, including sightings, scat, and tracks, is currently 

being recorded by park staff. This information should be recorded via wildlife observation 

forms. District biological staff should be copied; however, these records should be maintained at 

the park. Park and District staff will work with the FFWCC to develop a program for monitoring 

bear usage and movements in the park. 

Any black bear activity in or near recreation sites or residential areas should be closely 

monitored by park staff. The proposed development of overnight camping and cabin facilities, 

and future development for additional day use activities in the park have a potential to involve 

these animals in problem activities, such as raiding refuse containers, campsites and cabins. The 

Division will manage the park facilities and visitors to avoid teaching the bear population bad 

habits that can bring them into these conflicts. For example, bear-proof refuse containers will be 

installed at all park facilities where bear access problems may occur and other trash containers 

emptied daily. Division staff will consult with staff of the FFWCC in this effort, and park visitors 

will be educated through the registration procedure for overnight guests, and through interpretive 

materials and programs for the park’s day user population, to help avoid negative effects from 

human uses of the park on the bear population. If bears begin to frequent neighboring residential 

areas, park staff should communicate, to neighbors, appropriate measures to avoid attracting 

bears. Points such as the accumulation of household garbage in outside areas, leaving pet food 
28

bowls on patios, storing animal feed in sheds, and low hanging bird feeders should be interpreted 

as potential bear attractants. 

Continued use of the park by bears in the future will depend on maintaining a habitat corridor 

through adjacent private lands that connect to existing conservation lands to the west. The 

Division will collaborate in any future initiatives involving the St. Joe Company, DOF, FFWCC, 

USFS and Franklin County that address this issue. 

Alligators occur within the park’s various wetland natural communities. Appropriate interpretive 

signage may be necessary if trails or other recreational sites bring park visitors into or near 

alligator habitats. If a situation occurs in which alligators are being fed, clear and concise signage 

will be needed in order to communicate the problems associated with feeding. Signage should 

interpret the increased danger to park visitors caused when alligators lose there natural fear of 

man. Likewise, the fact that most fed alligators must be destroyed should also be communicated 

to the public. 

Seasonal shorebird nesting habitat shall be monitored and appropriate measures shall be taken to 

ensure the protection and maintenance of the nesting habitat for these species. Management 

activities will include installation of appropriate signs to prohibit access, and use of other 

measures such as posts, high visibility string, tape, or line to prevent access to bird nesting areas 

before and throughout seasonal nesting activities, in accordance with the Division’s Resource 

Management Procedures Numbers 3 and 13. 

Shorebird species tend to congregate in certain locations and use them for resting. Resting areas 

shall be monitored to determine levels of disturbance. If major disturbances are occurring, 

similar actions may be taken to limit the disturbances. In addition to the above actions, park 

visitors will be informed about sensitive bird habitats through interpretative handouts and 

programs. 

Finally, in order to operate an effective shorebird protection program, it is essential to control 

both feral and domestic cats and dogs in accordance with Division Resource Management 

Procedures Number 1 and DEP Program Directive 930. Local pet ordinances shall be enforced 

and educational programs with nearby neighbors should be implemented. 

Seasonal monitoring will be conducted for nesting sea turtles following Department procedures. 

Surveys for gopher tortoise burrows should be undertaken in conjunction with prescribed fires. 

Park and District staff should review the recently compiled floral inventory of the park, and 

identify those areas of the park where Godfrey’s blazing star has been documented. These areas 

should be monitored, at least yearly. Efforts to maintain relatively open understory habitat 

conditions in these areas should be a management priority. 

Exotic Species Control

Exotic species are those plants or animals that are not native to Florida, but were introduced 

because of human-related activities. Exotics have fewer natural enemies and may have a higher 

survival rate than do native species, as well. They may also harbor diseases or parasites that 

significantly affect non-resistant native species. Consequently, it is the strategy of the Division to 

remove exotic species from native natural communities. 

A few scattered Mimosa trees have been discovered and removed from the park. Park lands 

immediately adjacent to the Mullet Pond residential area should be periodically monitored for 
29

exotic plants. Any assistance with plant identification, removal techniques, use of herbicide, 

equipment or additional staff support should be requested from the District biological section. 

Coyotes are opportunistic scavengers that have been known to decimate sea turtle nests in pursuit 

of eggs. This could pose a serious problem if local animals on the St. James Island acquire this 

learned behavior. The beach should be routinely monitored during the nesting season. Any signs 

of nest depredation by coyotes should be reported to the District biological section so that USDA 

contracted trappers can be notified and directed to remove the non-indigenous predators. 

Problem Species

Problem species are defined as native species whose habits create specific management problems 

or concerns. Occasionally, problem species are also a designated species, such as alligators. The 

Division will consult and coordinate with appropriate federal, state and local agencies for 

management of designated species that are considered a threat or problem. 

At times, dog flies and deer flies can be a nuisance at the park. These biting flies are thickest 

near the beach and estuarine tidal marsh. Venomous snakes such as pygmy rattlesnakes and 

cottonmouth are common and can be encountered by hikers. Information on the park’s venomous 

snakes could be interpreted through the park brochure. Other problem species, which may be 

encountered at Bald Point, are alligators, stingrays and jellyfish. 

Management Measures for Cultural Resources 

The management of cultural resources is often complicated because these resources are 

irreplaceable and extremely vulnerable to disturbances. The advice of historical and 

archaeological experts is required in this effort. Approval from Department of State, Division of 

Historical Resources (DHR) must be obtained before taking any actions, such as development or 

site improvements that could affect or disturb the cultural resources on state lands (see DHR 

Cultural Management Statement). 

Actions that require permits or approval from DHR include development, site excavations or 

surveys, disturbances of sites or structures, disturbances of the substrate, and any other actions 

that may affect the integrity of the cultural resources. These actions could damage evidence that 

would someday be useful to researchers attempting to interpret the past. 

Archaeological Site Management. The park should manage archaeological sites in situ, 

meaning that artifacts, features, stratigraphy and landscape elements should be preserved and 

protected in place. The primary goal of archaeological site management is to preserve stable site 

integrity and provenience in a stable condition. This can best be accomplished through a program 

of routine monitoring and cyclical maintenance, coupled with protective measures and site 

stabilization as needed. 

Park staff should monitor all of the park’s archaeological sites on a regular basis in order to 

evaluate and document the condition of the site, identify actual and potential threats, adjust 

management activity, or develop treatment plans. Ideally, Bald Point State Park will develop a 

written cultural resource management plan that specifies in detail what routine maintenance and 

monitoring tasks are needed and how frequently they should be performed. All cultural resource 

management plans and actions should be documented and retained in permanent files. 

Site monitoring shall consist of regular site visits, accompanied by written narrative and 

photographic documentation of the condition of the site. The frequency of monitoring visits will 

depend on the significance of the site, and the number and type of threats and potential extent of 
30

their effect. Ideally, Bald Point State Park will compile a detailed, up-to-date description and 

recurrent condition assessments of each cultural resource for use as a baseline when evaluating 

the rapidity and seriousness of site deterioration. Plans shall be developed as needed to protect, 

stabilize and interpret archaeological sites. Manage earthen structures according to BNCR’s 

guidelines Managing Earthen Structures.

Vandalism should be discouraged using interpretive signage that includes warnings against 

collecting artifacts in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. This signage should be placed at 

access points or areas of high visitor concentration rather than at sites themselves. Informal 

collections of archeological material shall be transferred to the Bureau of Archaeological 

Research, DHR. 

Cultural Resource Assessments. Because state parks are charged with the protection of 

archaeological sites, archaeological surveys are conducted primarily to assess actual or potential 

damage to a site. These surveys, often triggered by DHR Compliance Review, tend to involve 

limited testing in limited areas in order to determine the presence, integrity and identity of a site, 

although can be more intensive data recovery projects if site disturbance is unavoidable. In 

coordination with DHR Compliance Review, the park shall determine what scope of 

archaeological survey is needed to avoid and mitigate adverse impacts to archaeological sites 

prior to natural resource management, park improvement, and other activities that involve 

ground-disturbing activity. In particular, planned activity has the potential to impact several 

recorded sites, as well as unrecorded sites in areas not yet surveyed. 

Archaeological surveys can further augment park planning and management activity, and 

increase our understanding of Bald Point’s history and the significance of its sites, by recording 

sites in unsurveyed areas and further investigating recorded sites. Surveys driven by research and 

significance questions should be founded on compelling, well-developed project designs that are 

permitted by DHR, and coordinated with and approved by the Bureau of Natural and Cultural 

Resources and park and district staff. 

Natural Resource Management. Archaeological and historical site locations often strongly 

correlate with particular ecological communities and soil types, and this has proven true at Bald 

Point. These archaeologically sensitive natural areas, however, have been disrupted by pine 

plantation and land clearing activity prior to the establishment of the park, precipitating the need 

for substantial natural resource restoration work and on-going maintenance. In this instance, 

cultural and natural resource management overlap and can be conducted in concert. Natural 

resource management activities with the potential to adversely impact archaeological sites, 

including the use of heavy equipment, mechanical tree removal, fire line construction, and 

prescribed burning, shall be preceded by DHR compliance review and needed archaeological 

assessments. 

Park Planning and Development. Archaeological and historical site locations also often 

correlate with areas that still to this day are suitable and preferred habitation and use areas. 

Because of the likelihood that development in certain areas will encounter recorded and 

unrecorded cultural resources, consideration of a project’s potential adverse impacts must be 

considered during a project’s planning phase prior to ground disturbing area. Archaeological 

analysis to date, particularly recently conducted CARL surveys, has identified archaeologically 

sensitive areas based on ecological factors and proximity to other recorded sites, and generated a 

number of recommendations to guide future activity. The park and project planners shall 

coordinate with DHR and BNCR to develop plans that minimize impacts to cultural resources 
31

while providing the facilities necessary to provide public access, and maintain operational 

efficiency and public safety.

Research Needs 

Natural Resources

Any research or other activity that involves the collection of plant or animal species on park 

property requires a collecting permit from the Department of Environmental Protection. 

Additional permits from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the 

Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service may 

also be required. 

1. Staff should contact the appropriate departments of the Florida State Universities to 

request a vertebrate survey of the park. 

2. Advise the staff of the Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology (DACS) 

of the need to compile a list of macro-invertebrates for the park. Note that a 

research/collection permit is required. 

3. Staff should contact the DEP Northwest Regulatory office Wetland Resources section to 

request water quality analysis of the park’s larger flatwoods lakes. 

4. Additional research regarding the extent of original longleaf pine habitat, prior to 

silvicultural management, would be helpful in developing restoration measures for the 

western two thirds of the property. 

5. A basic GIS supported plan needs to be developed to identify alterations to hydrology and 

identify feasible restoration measures. 

Cultural Resources

Bald Point has a rich history that archeological and historical research will continue to 

illuminate. Archaeological investigations of the area over the past century have provided 

important base-line information on the area’s prehistory and archaeological resources. Park staff 

and CARL archaeologists have been integral to site recording and survey in the park. As 

recommended a by DHR Compliance Review, future archaeological work is needed before 

significant ground disturbing activities and to locate unrecorded sites, particularly in the new 

addition. 

Any field activity designed to recover archaeological data and material on park property requires 

a 1A-32 permit issued by the Bureau of Archeological Research, Division of Historic Resources, 

as well as approval by the Bureau of Natural and Cultural Resources, Division of Recreation and 

Parks. 

Park staff should continue to receive and record verbal histories of the property from reputable 

long time local area residents. Graduate level archaeological and historical research might be 

elicited from local and other state universities. 

Resource Management Schedule 

A priority schedule for conducting all management activities that is based on the purposes for 

which these lands were acquired, and to enhance the resource values, is contained in Addendum 

7. Cost estimates for conducting priority management activities are based on the most cost 

effective methods and recommendations currently available. 

Land Management Review 

Section 259.036, Florida Statutes, established land management review teams to determine 
32

whether conservation, preservation, and recreation lands titled in the name of the Board of 

Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund (board) are being managed for the purposes for 

which they were acquired and in accordance with a land management plan adopted pursuant to s. 

259.032, the board of trustees, acting through the Department of Environmental Protection 

(department). The managing agency shall consider the findings and recommendations of the land 

management review team in finalizing the required update of its management plan. 

Bald Point State Park has not been subject to a land management review. 
33

LAND USE COMPONENT 

INTRODUCTION 

Land use planning and park development decisions for the state park system are based on the 

dual responsibilities of the Division of Recreation and Parks. These responsibilities are to 

preserve representative examples of original natural Florida and its cultural resources, and to 

provide outdoor recreation opportunities for Florida's citizens and visitors. 

The general planning and design process begins with an analysis of the natural and cultural 

resources of the unit, and then proceeds through the creation of a conceptual land use plan that 

culminates in the actual design and construction of park facilities. Input to the plan is 

provided by experts in environmental sciences, cultural resources, park operation and 

management, through public workshops, and environmental groups. With this approach, the 

Division objective is to provide quality development for resource-based recreation throughout 

the state with a high level of sensitivity to the natural and cultural resources at each park. 

This component of the unit plan includes a brief inventory of the external conditions and the 

recreational potential of the unit. Existing uses, facilities, special conditions on use, and 

specific areas within the park that will be given special protection, are identified. The land use 

component then summarizes the current conceptual land use plan for the park, identifying the 

existing or proposed activities suited to the resource base of the park. Any new facilities 

needed to support the proposed activities are described and located in general terms. 

POPULATION AND VISITOR USE 

The park is situated at the western edge of the Big Bend coastline of the Florida panhandle in 

one of the least densely populated coastal regions of the state. Referred to as “the forgotten 

coast,” the rural/agricultural land use pattern of this area is slowly changing and becoming 

increasingly popular for residential development. However, pine plantations are still the 

dominant land use in the area and approximately forty percent of St. James Island is in public 

ownership. The combined population of Wakulla, Franklin and Leon Counties is over 

290,000, which is an increase of 35 percent since 1990 (BEBR, 2004). While Leon County 

accounts for the vast majority of this population, Wakulla County’s growth rate has 

significantly outpaced its northern neighbor. As of 2000, nearly 350,000 people resided within 

50 miles of the park, which includes the region’s largest incorporated area of Tallahassee. The 

communities of Sopchoppy, Panacea, Alligator Point, St. Teresa, Lanark Village and 

Carrabelle are located nearby. Population projections estimate that over 370,000 people will 

live in this three county region by 2020. Anticipated future land use changes (discussed 

below) will serve to bring more people into the vicinity of the park, which in turn is expected 

to lead to increased visitation. 

It was estimated that roughly 38,000 people visited the park in fiscal year 2004/05. As 

expected, more people are discovering the park over time and new or improved facilities have 

served to draw more visitors. Visitation peaks in the spring and fall with winter months 

experiencing the lowest number of visits. Peak visitation coincides with the best times to see 

migratory birds. 

EXTERNAL CONDITIONS 

An assessment of the conditions that exist beyond the boundaries of the unit can identify any 

special development problems or opportunities that exist because of the unit's unique setting 

or environment. This also provides an opportunity to deal systematically with various 
34

planning issues such as location, regional demographics, adjacent land uses and park 

interaction with other facilities. 

Existing Use of Adjacent Lands 

Single-family residences are scattered along the east and southern boundary of the park. Two 

small subdivisions, Sun and Sand and Southern Dunes, abut the park. Several privately owned 

outparcels are located in the east-central part of the park, one of which supports a residence. 

Pine plantations occur on St. Joe Development Company land between the western boundary 

and U.S. Highway 98. County Road 370 cuts through a portion of the park and runs along the 

west, south and east boundaries. These land use patterns present some challenges to 

recreational development, resource management and park operations and may affect the siting 

and design of park facilities. 

Alligator Point, located just to the southwest, contains several hundred homes and limited 

commercial development, including a marina. A KOA campground closed recently and is to 

be replaced by a residential development. The community has faced problems securing a 

reliable potable water supply and now faces mandatory water restrictions. 

Limited commercial development occurs at the U.S. Highway 98 bridge on the north side of 

Ochlocknee Bay. Additional residential development is scattered along the coastline toward 

Ochlocknee Point and Mashes Sands County Park. The town of Panacea is located just to the 

north in Wakulla County. 

All of Bald Point State Park, and a significant portion of surrounding area, lies within the 

Coastal High Hazard Area (CHHA), which is defined as the evacuation zone for a Category 1 

Hurricane. In addition, the northeastern tip of the peninsula lies within the jurisdiction of the 

Coastal Barrier Resources Act (COBRA), a designation that limits federal support for 

development or post-storm redevelopment. The location within an area vulnerable to storm 

impacts limits the density and types of land uses around the park per policies of the Franklin 

County Comprehensive Plan. 

Area waters are popular with boaters and water access is provided at unimproved public boat 

ramps on Ochlocknee Bay and Alligator Harbor. Conditions at some of these facilities limit 

the size of boat that can practically be launched. 

Bald Point State Park is part of a regional network of conservation lands that provide a variety 

of resource-based recreation opportunities. Significant locations nearby include the St. Marks 

National Wildlife Refuge, Apalachicola National Forest, Tate’s Hell State Forest, Ochlocknee 

River State Park, Mashes Sands County Park and the Jeff Lewis Wilderness Preserve (Dog 

Island). Nearly every outdoor recreational user is represented on these lands with 

opportunities for hiking, bike riding, horseback riding, swimming, fishing, hunting, boating, 

camping, picnicking and nature observation. 

Planned Use of Adjacent Lands 

Franklin County has recently completed several processes aimed at planning for the long-term 

growth and development of the area. The County recently updated its comprehensive plan and 

participated in a visioning process focused on St. Joe Land Development Co. holdings on St. 

James Island. Future land use designations on adjacent lands include Residential (1 density 

unit/acre), Agricultural (1-density unit/40 acres) and Commercial (0.5 maximum floor-to-area 

ratio) (Franklin County, 2005). Residential lands include the remaining outparcels and lots 

along the bay shoreline. Commercial parcels are located off County Road 370 and near 
35

Lighthouse Point. Agricultural lands stretch west from the park boundary to U.S. Highway 98. 

A St. James Island overlay plan was created for St. Joe lands as part of the visioning process 

(St. Joe Land Development Co., 2004). The overlay creates a conceptual vision for private 

lands of St. James Island and identifies areas for future residential and commercial 

development. Of note are commercial areas proposed for Granite Point, which would include 

a marina, and Metcalf Point (adjacent to the U.S. Highway 98 bridge) and a low impact 

residential area adjacent to the park and Alligator Harbor south of County Road 370. It is 

clear from the overlay plan that these lands will eventually be converted from pine plantation 

to uses that are more intensive. St. Joe has also expressed interest in making a greenway/trail 

connection to the park. Development will continue to increase adjacent to the park and 

potentially impact resource management (use of prescribed fire), park operations (access 

issues, boundary encroachments) and the visitor experience (traffic, noise and light pollution). 

Proposed land use changes should be monitored for potential incompatibility with the park. 

An 11.7-mile bike trail from Mashes Sand to U.S. Highway 319 (Buckhorn) along County 

Road 372 has been funded in DOT’s work program. Design funds became available in 2004 

and 2005, with construction following in 2006 and 2008. This trail is a component of a larger 

coastal trail planning effort that includes the old G, F and A Railroad line that stretches from 

Tallahassee to Carrabelle. 

PROPERTY ANALYSIS 

Effective planning requires a thorough understanding of a park’s resources and the uses that 

have shaped it over time. This section describes legal encumbrances or conditions, historic 

uses, existing uses, and resource characteristics that present opportunities and constraints to 

recreational development. 

Recreation Resource Elements 

This section assesses the unit’s recreation resource elements those physical qualities that, 

either singly or in certain combinations, supports the various resource-based recreation 

activities. Breaking down the property into such elements provides a means for measuring the 

property's capability to support individual recreation activities. This process also analyzes the 

existing spatial factors that either favor or limit the provision of each activity. 

Land Area

The park contains thirteen distinct natural communities. Mesic flatwoods dominate the 

landscape, followed in scale by scrubby flatwoods, estuarine tidal marsh and wet flatwoods. 

Many of the natural communities of the park are characteristically wet and may have standing 

water either seasonally or year round. Nearly 30 percent of the park is comprised of wetlands. 

While the wet nature of the landscape presents challenges to facility development, it affords 

many opportunities for wildlife observation and aesthetic enjoyment. 

Water Area

The park landscape is dotted with numerous flatwoods lakes. These water bodies are quite 

scenic and provide hiking, picnicking, fishing, canoeing/kayaking and wildlife observation 

opportunities. However, surrounding wet flatwoods and basin swamps limits the suitability of 

many lakes for public access other than by foot during dry periods. Tucker Lake is by far the 

park’s largest flatwoods lake at approximately 175 acres and is connected to Ochlocknee Bay 

via Chaires Creek. This system is shallow, tidally influenced and ideally suited for canoeing 

and kayaking. The west side of Tucker Lake is most suited for providing public access. 

Franklin County has passed two ordinances that regulate use of personal watercraft and 
36

airboats in waters of the county. These ordinances will be enforced within park waters. 

Shoreline

The park protects over five miles of shoreline on Ochlocknee Bay, Apalachee Bay and 

Alligator Harbor. The largest concentration of beach dune community is located along the 

northeastern shoreline of the park. This area also contains a fine example of maritime 

hammock between Bald Point Road and the beach dune community. The rest of the shoreline 

on Apalachee Bay is relatively narrow but quite suitable for fishing, birding, picnicking and 

beachcombing activities. Approximately one mile of shoreline extending north from 

Lighthouse Point has been designated as critically eroding by the DEP Bureau of Beaches and 

Coastal Systems. The shore along Ochlocknee Bay and Alligator Harbor is quite shallow and 

ringed by wetland vegetation that limits opportunities for recreational access. The shallow 

nature of the coastal waters, poor visibility and presence of oyster bars makes this area 

unsuitable for near-shore motorized vessel uses and less than ideal for swimming. 

The Florida Department of Health (DOH) has two beach water sampling stations near the 

park that measure bacterial levels. One is located at Mashes Sands County Park and another 

near Alligator Point. Data collected since August 2000 reveals that health advisories are 

frequently issued due to elevated bacterial levels. The DOH is investigating bacterial sources 

and is expected to have results of the study in fall 2005. Canoes and kayaks can easily ply the 

bay waters and the park is a designated stop on the Florida Circumnavigational Saltwater 

Paddling Trail, a project of the DEP Office of Greenways and Trails. 

Natural Scenery

The location of the park at a peninsular tip provides panoramic views over the tidal marsh, the 

dark waters of Ochlocknee and Apalachee Bay. As the maritime hammock grades into the 

beach dune community, isolated oaks and pines provide an interesting contrast to the white 

sand and open water. Tidal marshes concentrated in the northern third of the park offer 

unobstructed views over a flat terrain of needlerush and sawgrass. Towards the interior, 

abundant small lakes and marsh communities scattered among the flatwoods provide excellent 

scenic vistas, opportunities for solitude and wildlife viewing opportunities. Past land use 

practices have degraded the scenic quality of the extensive flatwoods communities at the park. 

Aesthetics will improve as restoration progresses and these areas will eventually become 

more appealing for recreational use. 

Significant Wildlife Habitat

Significant wildlife habitat exists throughout the park. Biologically productive wetlands, 

ample roosting spots and sources of freshwater support a healthy wildlife population. These 

habitat elements draw neo-tropical migrating bird species on their journey southward during 

the fall migration period. From early September through October, varieties of raptors pass 

through the area, including Cooper's hawks, kestrels, merlins, northern harriers and peregrine 

falcons. The park's maritime hammock and stands of pine trees provide important roosting 

habitat for these migrants and serve as popular birding locations. The remaining tall pines 

make prime nesting spots as evidenced by their periodic use as nesting locations for bald 

eagles. These conditions are ideal for birding and the park is a designated stop on the Great 

Florida Birding Trail. The estuarine tidal marsh serves as a spawning, nursery and feeding 

ground for a diverse array of marine and estuarine species, from the tiniest of invertebrates to 

a variety of shorebirds. Bay waters are popular with anglers looking for trout, redfish and 

other game species. In turn, the marsh attracts abundant birdlife, including ducks, wading 

birds, songbirds and raptors--the latter often visible searching for prey. Wildlife has access to 

a constant supply of essential freshwater in the numerous lakes and marshes on the central and 
37

southern interior of the property. Finally, the foredune area along the shoreline provides 

habitat for nesting sea turtles and resting and foraging shorebirds. All these elements combine 

to produce a setting conducive to excellent wildlife watching opportunities. 

Natural Features

The waters of Ochlocknee and Apalachee Bay are considered outstanding natural features. 

The position of Bald Point State Park at the mouth of the Ochlocknee River creates estuarine 

conditions that support extensive oyster reefs, tidal marshes and a very abundant, diverse 

natural system popular for fishing and boating. The park’s tidal creeks and flatwoods lakes 

also make a significant contribution to the diversity of the park. Of particular note is the 

Chaires Creek/Tucker Lake system that allows exploration of the park interior by water. 

Archaeological and Historical Features

Humans settled the Ochlocknee Bay area thousands of years before Europeans, as evidenced 

by an abundance of archaeological sites along its shores. Shell middens and ceremonial 

mounds dot the shoreline of the Bay. In the late 19th and early 20th century, seine yards were 

established on these coastal waters, one of which was located near Bald Point. Numerous 

archaeological sites have been located at the park and it is suspected that many more exist but 

have to be documented. The presence of significant cultural resources requires care in the 

siting and development of park facilities. These cultural components of the Bald Point State 

Park landscape should be featured in interpretative programming at the park. 

Assessment of Use 

The Base Map reflects legal boundaries, significant natural features, structures, facilities, 

roads and trails existing in the park. Specific uses made of the unit are briefly described in the 

following sections. 

Past Uses

Park lands have been shaped in varying degrees by turpentine operations, logging, wildfire, 

hunting, fishing, military exercises and preparation for residential development. In the early 

1900s, pitch was harvested from pines to make turpentine. Many “cat-faced” pines are still 

visible at the park. Inland and nearshore waters have supported commercial fishing for mullet 

and blue crab. In the 1920s and 30s Sunday Reel was a popular spot for using seine nets to 

catch black mullet. During World War II, soldiers from Camp Gordon Johnson near 

Carrabelle practiced beach assaults here. Sometime between 1953 and 1969, a canal was 

dredged to provide a permanent connection between Chaires Creek and Tucker Lake. Prior to 

the canal being constructed the lake would only have received input from the creek system at 

extreme high tide events. More recently, the land was managed intensively for pulpwood 

production. Large areas were cleared prior to state ownership and many acres of densely 

planted pines remain at the park. Management as a pine plantation has degraded the visual 

quality of the landscape, which will be remedied over time as restoration progresses. The land 

was traditionally hunted for deer, turkey and dove, with small areas cleared to encourage 

game production. A network of unimproved and stabilized roads was constructed in the past 

that serve as a basis for a system of park roads, trails and fire breaks. A wildfire in April 2004 

burned over 200 acres with heavy fuel loads south of Tucker Lake that was subsequently 

cleared in a salvage cut. 

Land Administration Issues

The Alligator Point Water Resources District currently maintains a lease on a portion of park 

land south of County Road 370 for the purposes of potable water production (see Base and 

Reference Maps). Five wells are located on this property. Use of three of the five wells has 
ALLIGATOR POINT

CANOE

KAYAK

LANDING FISHING PIER

PICNIC SHELTERS

RESTROOM

PARKING

WATER RESOURCES

DISTRICT LEASE

APALACHEE

BAY

GULF OF MEXICO

OVERLOOK

BRIDGE

BRIDGE

WESTERN

MULLET

POND

BIG

CHAIRES

CREEK

TUCKER

LAKE LITTLE

TUCKER

LAKE

MULLET

POND

DOUBLE

SAND POND

POND

US 98 CR 370

ALLIGATOR DR

INSET 1

INSET 2

INSET 3

OCHLOCKONEE

BAY

BALD

POINT

RD

BASE MAP

BALD POINT

STATE PARK

PARKING

RESTROOM

PICNIC

SHELTER

BOARDWALK

BALD

POINT

RD

INSET 2

INSET 3

OFFICE

& SHOP

STORAGES

POLE BARNS

VOLUNTEER

HOST SITES

RESIDENCE

RESTROOM

PICNIC

SHELTER

PARKING

BOARDWALK

INSET 1

LEGEND

Park Boundary

US Highway

County Road

Park Road Paved

Park Road Unpaved

Hiking/Biking Trails

Structures

Parking Lots

Marine Structures

Prepared by:

Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Division of Recreation and Parks

Office of Park Planning

0 1,000 2,000 4,000

Feet

0 50 100 200

Feet

0 75 150 300

Feet

0 80 160 320

Feet
39

been discontinued due to water quality degradation and the District has expressed interest in 

expanding into other areas of the park. 

Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Designations

Existing future land use designations for the park include Rural Residential, Residential, 

Commercial and Agricultural (Franklin County, 2005). Park lands are zoned Single Family 

Residential, Rural Residential, Commercial Business and Forestry Agriculture. Recreation 

related future land use and zoning designations are available in the Franklin County land 

development regulations. Compatibility with existing designations will be reviewed with 

Franklin County to ensure the ability to continue providing a range of resource-based recreation 

opportunities at the park. 

Current Recreation Activities and Visitor Programs

Park visitors currently participate in a variety of recreation activities at the park. The park’s bay 

shoreline is a primary draw for visitors and supports a variety of recreation activities. Shoreline 

fishing is very popular, as are picnicking, swimming and sunbathing on the beach. Park and 

adjacent waters attract motorized boats, canoes and kayaks. Wildlife observation, particularly 

birding, is a popular activity of visitors. Park trails are used by hikers and to lesser extent 

bicyclists. Existing patterns of use are not having significant impacts to park resources. 

Designated, controlled access points along the shoreline protect the beach dune community. 

Access into the interior is provided on existing unimproved roads and pathways. Use will 

continue to be monitored and management measures implemented when necessary to mitigate 

impacts. 

The current suite of recreation opportunities is not fulfilling the recreation potential of the park, 

particularly given the expanded land base now available. Recreation opportunities could be 

enhanced and diversified by providing additional shoreline access, facilitating access to inland 

water bodies, allowing camping and improving the park’s trail system. 

Interpretation explains and promotes the Florida Park Service (FPS) mission. It also instills in 

visitors an appreciation for Florida's unique natural and cultural heritage and fosters an 

understanding of resource management practices. It helps visitors understand and appreciate 

these special resources and how they are affected by and influence the surrounding area and 

region. Most importantly, interpretation inspires visitors to continue the learning process and to 

put their interests into action through volunteering and supporting the park. 

Currently, park interpretive programs are provided upon request and include staff and volunteer 

interpretive talks and tours. Programs have been developed and delivered on a variety of topics 

such as birds, natural communities and sea turtles. Brochures on park birds and natural 

communities have been developed and static displays provided at the marsh boardwalk and Bald 

Point. 

There remain opportunities to enhance interpretive programming at the park. It is recommended 

that a Statement for Interpretation be developed that identify the significant resources and 

important management concerns to be interpreted at the park. A Statement for Interpretation 

establishes basic interpretive priorities that will guide the long-range programming efforts at the 

park, so that programs, exhibits and publications can be effective in meeting the Florida Park 

Service's mission. The Statement is designed to assist in providing high quality, appropriate 

programming. It should be consulted in the planning stages of any new program, exhibit or 

publication.
40

Volunteers will continue to play an important role in programming to supplement available staff 

resources. While resource intensive facilities, such as a visitor or education center, are not 

recommended for the park at this time, opportunities to collaborate with existing educational 

institutions such as the Florida State University Marine Lab and Franklin County schools should 

be explored to expand interpretation and provide hands-on field based learning. In addition, a 

combination of interpretive signage at select locations with the development of interpretive 

handouts is also recommended to enhance interpretation. 

Protected Zones

A protected zone is an area of high sensitivity or outstanding character from which most types of 

development are excluded as a protective measure. Generally, facilities requiring extensive land 

alteration or resulting in intensive resource use, such as parking lots, camping areas, shops or 

maintenance areas, are not permitted in protected zones. Facilities with minimal resource 

impacts, such as trails, interpretive signs and boardwalks are generally allowed. All decisions 

involving the use of protected zones are made on a case-by-case basis after careful site planning 

and analysis. 

At Bald Point State Park the beach dune, maritime hammock, scrub, basin marsh, basin swamp, 

baygall, depression marsh and estuarine tidal marsh have been designated as protected zones. 

Known cultural sites are also included in the protected zone coverage. In addition, appropriate 

exclusion zones based on federal management guidelines will be maintained around eagle nests 

adjacent to or within the park boundaries. Wherever possible, facilities requiring extensive land 

alteration or resulting in intensive resource use have been proposed within the footprint of 

existing developed or ruderal areas or within the parks’ disturbed flatwoods communities. 

Existing Facilities 

Recreational facilities are provided at three areas situated along County Road 370 (Bald Point 

Road) and the bay shoreline. The North Point Beach Access includes paved parking, portable 

toilet, vehicle turnaround and loading zone, fishing pier, canoe/kayak launch, picnic shelters and 

tables, and universally accessible marsh overlook are located at the northernmost end of the road. 

Paved parking, universally accessible walkways, restroom, picnic shelters and beach boardwalk 

are also provided approximately 2,200 feet to the south at the Maritime Beach Access. A selfservice fee station is located just inside the stone entrance gate. Sunrise Beach Access is further 

south and provides stabilized parking, portable toilet, picnic shelters and a beach boardwalk. 

Over 18 miles of trails are available for hiking and biking. 

The park shop and maintenance area is located south of Sunrise Beach and west of County Road 

370. A ranger residence, pole barns, office/storage buildings and volunteer host sites have been 

constructed in this area. 

Parking along the bay shoreline is limited in light of the beach’s popularity as a primary 

destination for visitors. Restroom facilities are inadequate and water lacking at public access 

areas. Shop facilities do not include sufficient administrative space, housing for staff and a 

means to store equipment securely and protect it from the salt air. 

The following is a comprehensive listing of recreation and support facilities at the park:
41

North Point Beach Access

Paved parking (21 standard, 1 oversize 

space) 

Paved cul-de-sac and loading zone 

Marsh boardwalk and overlook 

Small picnic shelters (2) 

Fishing pier 

Canoe/kayak launch 

Interpretive sign 

Maritime Beach Access

Paved parking (32 standard, 4 oversized 

spaces) 

Restroom 

Universally accessible walkway 

Small picnic shelters (2) 

Beach boardwalk 

Self-service fee collection station 

Sunrise Beach Access

Stabilized parking (up to 40 vehicles) 

Small picnic shelter 

Beach boardwalk 

Shop and Maintenance Area

Staff residence 

Pole barns (2) 

Storage buildings (4) 

Volunteer host sites (2) 

CONCEPTUAL LAND USE PLAN 

The following narrative represents the current conceptual land use proposal for this park. As 

new information is provided regarding the environment of the park, cultural resources, 

recreational use, and as new land is acquired, the conceptual land use plan may be amended to 

address the new conditions (see Conceptual Land Use Plan). A detailed development plan for 

the park and a site plan for specific facilities will be developed based on this conceptual land 

use plan, as funding becomes available. 

Site Planning and Design Process 

During the development of the unit management plan, the Division assesses potential impacts 

of proposed uses on the resources of the property. Uses that could result in unacceptable 

impacts are not included in the conceptual land use plan. Potential impacts are more 

thoroughly identified and assessed through the site planning process once funding is available 

for the development project. At that stage, design elements, such as sewage disposal and 

stormwater management, and design constraints, such as designated species or cultural site 

locations, are more thoroughly investigated. Advanced wastewater treatment or best available 

technology systems are applied for on-site sewage disposal. Stormwater management systems 

are designed to minimize impervious surfaces to the greatest extent feasible, and all facilities 

are designed and constructed using best management practices to avoid impacts and to 

mitigate those that cannot be avoided. Federal, state and local permit and regulatory 

requirements are met by the final design of the projects. This includes the design of all new 

park facilities consistent with the universal access requirements of the Americans with 

Disabilities Act (ADA). After new facilities are constructed, the park staff monitors 

conditions to ensure that impacts remain within acceptable levels. 

Bald Point State Park contains listed species, important habitats and cultural sites that should 

be given careful attention during the site design and construction process. The following 


	



	








	



	



	






	





	


	

	







	

	

	


		

		



		





	


	





	

 
	



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43

discussion identifies several resource issues that may affect park development. Biological and/or 

archaeological surveys may be necessary prior to construction of facilities and proposed 

locations and project designs may be reevaluated based on information collected. 

The park contains a narrow strip of maritime hammock along the beach shoreline that is 

important habitat for Neotropical migrants. Proposed parking, access and support facilities will 

be designed to minimize impacts to this community. 

A number of cultural sites are located at the park, some of which occur near proposed 

development. Consultation with the DHR and the Division’s Bureau of Natural and Cultural 

Resources will help mitigate impacts in these areas. The Division will be conducting an 

archaeological survey of the proposed corridor for the park drive prior to initiating construction 

to address management concerns related to known cultural resources in the vicinity. 

The park’s scrubby flatwoods are home to listed plant species, particularly Godfrey's blazing star 

and Gophers tortoises are known to occur near the Sunrise Beach Access. Appropriate biological 

staff should be consulted to identify the locations of listed species in these areas during the 

design phase of a project. 

Water supply is a critical issue in the Alligator Point area. Water restrictions are in effect and are 

likely to continue until a regional supply is developed. Park development will consider a variety 

of water conserving measures in the design and development of facilities to minimize the 

contribution visitors make to the local demand for water. Options that will be considered include 

composting systems, water reuse, water conserving and waterless fixtures, shared facilities and 

phasing of development. The park will consider developing its own water supply system if local 

sources are not available. 

Parking is limited along the beach shoreline due to the presence of wetlands and other sensitive 

resources. Bicycle and pedestrian facilities will be incorporated into the design of parking areas, 

roads and public use areas to increase safety and encourage non-vehicular travel within the park. 

Clear signage will be provided to warn visitors about the limited space for operating and turning 

large recreational vehicles. Proposed parking areas should allow for a number of oversized 

spaces to accommodate the occasional RV. 

Black bears have been documented at the park. As discussed in the Resource Management 

Component, measures will be adopted to avoid human-bear encounters through education and 

waste management practices. 

To address concerns about potential road impacts to wildlife, the Division will incorporate 

traffic-calming elements into the design of the park drive, wherever feasible. This may include 

but not be limited to establishing limited sight lines, incorporating curves into the road layout, 

constructing speed humps and providing wildlife crossing signs. 

Hydrological impacts from the proposed construction of a park road are a concern at the park. 

The proposed road corridor was selected in large part to avoid the wettest areas to minimize 

disrupting hydrology. The final road design will avoid wetland impacts where possible. Best 

management practices will be used in the design and construction of the road to minimize 

additional hydrological impacts. 

Proposed Land Use and Facilities 

Bald Point State Park has the potential to be a premier regional resource-based recreation 
44

destination. The park is popular with birding enthusiasts, fisher people, paddlers and sunbathers. 

Existing recreational activities are considered appropriate and should be maintained at the park. 

However, expansion of the park boundary during the last planning cycle provides opportunities 

to enhance these activities and provide new ones. The conceptual land use plan proposes a 

central park access and circulation system, facilitates the use of inland waters for paddling, 

fishing and picnicking, improves the trail system, accommodates equestrian users and 

recommends facilities to accommodate a variety of options for extended stays at the park. The 

proposed facilities will allow opportunities to enjoy the park while protecting the integrity of 

sensitive resources and habitats and allowing the recovery of areas degraded from past land use 

practices. 

Proposed Recreation Areas and Facilities

North Point Beach Access. The portable restroom is recommended to be replaced with a more 

permanent facility. The limited amount of suitable uplands and adjacent maritime hammock 

constrain options for constructing a restroom in this area. The facility should be sited adjacent to 

the existing road corridor within ruderal or developed areas and may require the removal of 

existing parking spaces. If a portion of the parking area is sacrificed to accommodate a restroom, 

additional parking spaces should be provided to maintain existing capacity. The existing beach 

access route is also recommended for improvement to provide a stable, universally accessible 

surface that extends closer to the shoreline. Finally, the radius of the existing cul-de-sac 

turnaround is insufficient for larger vehicles and is proposed to be widened slightly to avoid 

vehicles leaving the pavement and getting stuck in the soft sand. 

Maritime Beach Access. The alignment of the proposed park road (see Proposed Support Areas 

and Facilities) provides an opportunity to improve vehicular circulation and address future 

parking needs in this area. Existing circulation patterns are confusing and pose a potential public 

safety hazard. When constructed, the new park road will connect to this area near the existing 

parking lot. The existing road corridor extending south from this point towards the park gate is 

recommended to be used for future parking. The existing gate would be closed to vehicular 

traffic and primary access to the park shifted to the south off County Road 370. The existing 

parking area should be redesigned so that there is separation from through traffic headed to the 

North Point Beach Access and capacity expanded to provide 90 spaces. The project design 

should consider the most efficient use of the road corridor to minimize walking distances to the 

existing beach access point and provide parking and sufficient turning radius for large vehicles. 

Signage will be provided that directs larger recreational vehicles to park in this area to avoid 

congestion to the north. It may be necessary in the future to develop an additional beach access 

to spread use along the shoreline from the redeveloped/expanded parking area. Picnicking 

facilities are also recommended to be expanded by providing at least one additional shelter that 

would be connected to the existing universally accessible walkways. 

Sunrise Beach Access. It is recommended that all parking be moved to the west side of County 

Road 370 at the Sunrise Beach Use Area. Visitors currently look for parking on the bay side first 

and are forced to back up into oncoming traffic when the few spaces in this area are occupied. 

An appropriate number of handicap spaces should be provided as near the beach access as is 

possible. It is recommended that the parking capacity of this area not exceed 45 vehicles. The 

installation of parking stops should be considered to provide the most efficient use and 

management of the existing limerock parking area. The Division will work with Franklin County 

to provide pedestrian crossing signs and pavement markings at this location to improve safety. 

The existing beach access route is also recommended to be upgraded to provide a stable, 

universally accessible surface that extends to the shoreline. An honor box fee collection station is 

proposed to collect fees for use of this area. If future use patterns determine that a permanent 
45

restroom is warranted at this location, then such facility should be sited on the west side of the 

road near the parking area. 

Camping and Cabins. A family campground and cabins are proposed along a tidal branch of 

Chaires Creek that will provide scenic vistas over open water and adjacent tidal marshes. Two 

alternative locations have been identified both of which are formerly scrubby and mesic 

flatwoods communities that are now comprised of planted pines. Additional site analysis is 

needed to determine the best location, which will occur during the project planning and design 

phase. A 30-site family camping area and six cabins are recommended with a central 

canoe/kayak launch and fishing platform that will provide access to Chaires Creek. The latter 

facility will require an elevated boardwalk through shoreline marsh to access open water. The 

layout of facilities should provide as much separation between campsites and cabins as is 

feasible, take advantage of the available vista and strive to maintain a trail connection north to 

Sunday Real for day visitors and the proposed primitive campsite on Chaires Creek. 

A primitive group camp is proposed on the north-northwest side of Little Tucker Lake. Facilities 

will include a restroom with outside showers, campfire circle, covered shelter and a fishing 

platform to facilitate camper access to the lake. 

Two backcountry primitive campsites are proposed with access to Chaires Creek. Both locations 

allow for landing canoes/kayaks and are proposed to be included on the Florida 

Circumnavigational Saltwater Paddling Trail. Proposed locations are also accessible from the 

land and at least one site is recommended to be made available for primitive equestrian camping. 

No facilities other than fire rings and possibly a hand pump for watering horses are proposed for 

either location. Campers will be encouraged to follow Leave No Trace Principles to minimize 

their impacts to the environment and other users. 

Picnicking and Water Access. A day use area is proposed for the southwest side of Tucker 

Lake. The site is located within former scrubby flatwoods, that have been planted with pines and 

includes a stand of tall pines along the shoreline that provides a scenic spot for picnicking. The 

site will also serve as a primary trailhead for access to the park’s trail system. A mix of picnic 

shelters, and scattered tables and grills are recommended, with one large pavilion that would 

support group use. A small boat launch is proposed suitable for canoes/kayaks and small boats. It 

is recommended that vessels be restricted to motors of 10 hp or less or electric trolling motors. A 

fishing pier is also recommended to enhance access to the lake. A restroom and main parking 

area for up to 50 vehicles is proposed to serve visitors in this area. It is also recommended that an 

equestrian trailhead be established in the vicinity that can accommodate up to 15 horse trailer 

rigs. 

A small day use area is proposed within the adjacent mesic flatwoods on the east side of Sand 

Pond. The existing stabilized road and cul-de-sac should be improved to facilitate access and 

parking provided for up to 25 vehicles. Recommended amenities include a mix of small and 

medium picnic shelters, scattered tables and grills, a fishing pier and a small restroom. 

Trails. A 20-mile plus, interconnected system of trails for hiking, bicycling and horseback riding 

are recommended for the park. Where conditions permit, it is proposed that trails be designated 

shared-use. Some trail sections may be restricted to certain user groups to protect sensitive 

resources and visitor safety, avoid user conflicts and to address operational issues. The existing 

network of pathways, firebreaks and unimproved roads serve as the foundation for the trail 

network. To access significant features, enhance the trail experience or improve connectivity, 
46

new trail sections may need to be developed. Foot bridges and boardwalks may also be needed in 

areas that are prone to flooding. A system of loop trails should be incorporated into the trail 

system and primary use areas connected to facilitate trail access and encourage non-vehicular 

use. Trail information and directional signage will be provided at all access points and a clear 

system of trail marking implemented for ease of navigation and public safety. 

A hiking trail is recommended that would link the family campground and cabins to the beaches 

of Bald Point. While the trail may be seasonal in nature due to the extensive presence of wet and 

mesic flatwoods, some boardwalk crossings of the wettest areas area recommended encouraging 

use and reducing vehicular traffic to the beach. 

The majority of trails are proposed for the main body of the park, north of County Road 370. 

However, nearly five miles of hiking trail are recommended for the Sand Ridge Parcel. A 

trailhead parking area is recommended on the south side of County Road 370, across from the 

proposed road leading to Tucker Lake. A small parking area for up to 10 vehicles with trail 

orientation signage is recommended at this location. A boardwalk and wildlife overlook is also 

recommended as a featured destination on the trail that will provide enhanced views of the tidal 

marsh islands along the shoreline and the waters of Alligator Harbor. 

The park’s shoreline and tidal creeks are ideally suited for a system of blueways that provide 

miles of paddling opportunities for canoes and kayaks. As previously mentioned, the park is a 

designated stop on the Florida Circumnavigation Saltwater Paddling Trail. Visitors will be 

encouraged to explore the park shoreline, Tucker Lake, Chaires Creek and its branches through 

informational materials and the development of additional canoe/kayak access points. 

The Division supports the development of bicycle and pedestrian facilities along U.S. 98 and 

County Road 370 that would facilitate bicycle and pedestrian access to the park from the existing 

and proposed residential areas of Alligator Point. A paved bike trail that would connect future St. 

Joe residential communities planned to the west with the park is recommended either along the 

County Road 370 right of way or just within the park boundary. This facility will encourage 

bicycle and pedestrian access to the park as adjacent lands are developed. Decisions regarding 

the final routing of the trail will be made in coordination with St. Joe development plans and 

other trail planning initiatives in the area. 

Interpretive Facilities. Interpretive kiosks are recommended at all primary use areas to 

familiarize visitors with park wildlife, history, enhance visitor understanding of resource 

management activities and recreation opportunities and encourage responsible use. Potential 

interpretive themes include Neotropical migrants, prehistoric use of the land, local fishing 

industry, land management and restoration, sea turtles and their habitat and park wildlife.

Proposed Support Areas and Facilities

The park entrance is recommended on County Road 370 with an entrance station sited a short 

distance within the park. A paved park road, approximately 3.8 miles long, is proposed utilizing 

existing unimproved jeep trails and logging roads where available that will provide access to the 

proposed day use areas on Tucker Lake and Sand Pond, the family campground and cabins and 

the beaches of Bald Point. Paved shoulders are recommended to encourage bicycle and 

pedestrian use. The existing service bridge at Chaires Creek will need to be replaced. 

Approximately 3,000 feet at the northern end of the proposed road contains no existing roadbed 

to follow and will pass through mesic and scrubby flatwoods and cross a narrow section of tidal 

marsh. 
47

The proposed routing of the park drive was established after thorough deliberation and 

consideration of many other alternative alignments and access options. The proposed routing 

was the preferred alternative since it avoids hydrological impacts as much as is possible, 

addresses park operational needs, minimizes traffic impacts to adjacent roads and provides an 

entry to the park that will best enhance the visitor experience. The proposed entrance and road 

corridor have been delineated based on preliminary field inspections. The final locations may be 

adjusted as information that is more detailed is gathered on site conditions through the planning 

and design process. 

The proposed land use plan necessitates additional shop and residence facilities in a more 

central location to meet park operational needs. A four-bay shop is recommended to protect 

equipment from the salt air, enhance security and provide additional workspace and storage. A 

second ranger residence is proposed to provide security for proposed facilities on the Tucker 

Lake Parcel. The new shop and residence area will be linked to the park drive and sited in 

proximity to the entrance station or the camping and cabin area. A final site location will be 

determined in consultation with the Office of Park Planning as other components of the park 

land use plan are implemented. 

Facilities Development 

Preliminary cost estimates for the following list of proposed facilities are provided in Addendum 

7. These cost estimates are based on the most cost-effective construction standards available at 

this time. The preliminary estimates are provided to assist the Division in budgeting future park 

improvements, and may be revised as more information is collected through the planning and 

design processes. 

North Point Beach Access

Improved beach access route 

Permanent restroom 

Expand turnaround 

Maritime Beach Access

Picnic shelter Reconfigure and expand parking (90 spaces) 

Sunrise Beach Access

Reconfigure/organize existing parking 

Marked pedestrian crossing and signage 

Improved beach access route 

Honor box fee collection station 

Camping and Cabins

Family campground (30 sites) 

Bathhouse 

Dump station 

Playground 

Amphitheatre 

Cabins (6) 

Canoe/kayak launch 

Fishing platform 

Paved access road 

Primitive Group Camp 

Designated tent camping 

Medium shelter 

Campfire circle 

Overlook/fishing platform 

Restroom with outside showers 

Stabilized access road 
48

Primitive Back Country Campsites 

Designated tent sites with fire rings 

 (4-6 sites/location) 

Picnicking and Water Access

Tucker Lake 

Picnic shelters (includes one large pavilion) 

Scattered tables and grills 

Boat launch 

Boardwalk and fishing platform 

Restroom 

Paved access road & parking (50 spaces) 

Stabilized equestrian trailer rig parking 

 (15-vehicle capacity) 

Sand Pond 

Picnic shelters & scattered tables and grills 

Boardwalk and fishing platform 

Restroom 

Paved access road & parking (25 spaces) 

Trails

Organize/expand existing network (20+ 

miles) 

Sand Ridge Trailhead 

 (stabilized parking for up to 10 vehicles) 

Alligator Harbor boardwalk overlook 

Trail directional signage 

Paved bike trail (pending further study) 

Interpretive Facilities

Kiosks (4) 

Support Facilities

Entrance station 

4-bay shop 

Ranger residence 

Paved park road 

Existing Use and Recreational Carrying Capacity 

Recreational carrying capacity is an estimate of the number of users a recreation resource or 

facility can accommodate and still provide a high quality recreational experience and preserve

the natural values of the site. Capacity is determined by identifying the land and water 

requirements for each recreation activity at the park, and then applying these requirements to 

the property’s land and water base. This analysis identifies a range within which the 

recreational carrying capacity most appropriate to the specific activity, the activity site and the 

park's classification is selected. 

The recreational carrying capacity for this park is a preliminary estimate of the number of 

users the park could accommodate after the current conceptual development program has 

been implemented. When developed, the proposed new facilities would approximately 

increase the park’s capacity as shown in Table 1. 

Optimum Boundary 

As additional needs are identified through park use, development, research, and as adjacent 

land uses change on private properties, modification of the unit's optimum boundary may 

occur for the enhancement of natural and cultural resources, recreational values and 

management efficiency. Identification of lands on the optimum boundary map is solely for 

planning purposes and not for regulatory purposes. A property’s identification on the 

optimum boundary map is not for use by any party or other government body to reduce or 

restrict the lawful right of private landowners. Identification on the map does not empower or
49

A ctivity/Facility

One 

Tim e D aily

One 

Tim e D aily

One 

Tim e D aily

Trails 185 740 23 92 208 832

Picnickin g 0 0 260 520 260 520

Beach Use 456 912 0 0 456 912

Cam pin g

 Fam ily Cam pin g 0 0 240 240 240 240

 G roup Cam pin g 0 0 30 30 30 30

 Prim itive Cam pin g 0 0 48 48 48 48

Cabins 0 0 36 36 36 36

B oatin g

 Big Chaires Creek 85 170 0 0 85 170

 Tucker Lake 50 100 0 0 50 100

TO TA L 776 1,922 637 966 1,413 2,888

Table 1--Existing U se and R ecreational C arrying C apacity

Proposed 

A dditional 

Capacity

Existing 

Capacity

Estim ated 

R ecreational 

Capacity

require any government entity to impose additional or more restrictive environmental land use 

or zoning regulations. Identification is not to be used as the basis for permit denial or the 

imposition of permit conditions. 

The optimum boundary map reflects lands identified for direct management by the Division 

as part of the park. These parcels may include public as well as privately owned lands that 

improve the continuity of existing park lands, provide additional natural and cultural resource 

protection, and/or allow for future expansion of recreational activities. At this time, no lands 

are considered surplus to the needs of the park. 

The park optimum boundary includes areas identified within the Dickerson Bay/Bald Point 

Florida Forever project. This includes lands between the western boundary and U.S. 

Highway 98, several undeveloped parcels along the beach shoreline and the central interior. 

An undeveloped parcel along County Road 370 and adjacent to the Sun-N-Sand development 

has been included to avoid additional residential development along the southern boundary. 
BALD POINT

STATE PARK

ALLIGATOR HARBOR

OCHLOCKONEE BAY

GULF OF MEXICO

98

BALD POINT

STATE PARK

Prepared by:

Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Division of Recreation and Parks

Office of Park Planning OPTIMUM BOUNDARY MAP

LEGEND

Optimum Boundary

Park Boundary

0 1,150 2,300 4,600

Feet
Addendum 1—Acquisition History and Advisory Group Report 

Bald Point State Park—Acquisition History 

A 1 - 1 

Purpose and Sequence of Acquisition 

The Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund of the State of Florida (Trustees) 

acquired Bald Point State Park to manage the property in such a way as to protect and restore the 

natural and cultural values of the property and provide the greatest benefit to the citizens of the 

state.

On August 30, 1999, the Trustees purchased a 1,349-acre real estate, located in Franklin County, 

which later became Bald Point State Park. The Trustees purchased the property from the Trust 

for Public Land for $8,350,000. This purchase was funded under CARL Preservation 2000 

Program. 

Since the initial purchase, the Trustees have acquired several parcels in Franklin County, mainly 

under P2000/Additions and Inholdings, Florida Forever/ Additions and Inholdings, and Florida 

Forever/ the Nature Conservancy Charitable Trust programs, and added them to Bald Point State 

Park. 

Lease Agreement 

On September 2, 1999, the Trustees leased Bald Point State Park to the Division of Recreation 

and Parks (Division) under Lease No. 4244. This lease is for a period of fifty (50) years, 

commencing on August 30, 1999, and ending on August 29, 2049, unless sooner terminated 

pursuant to the provision of the lease. 

According to Lease No. 4244, the Division manages Bald Point State Park to develop, conserve 

and protect the natural and cultural resources and to use the property for resource-based public 

outdoor recreation that is compatible with conservation and protection of the property. 

 

Title Interest 

The Trustees hold fee simple title to Bald Point State Park. 

Special Conditions on Use 

Bald Point State Park is designated single-use to provide resource-based public outdoor 

recreation and other park related uses. Uses such as water resource development projects, water 

supply projects, stormwater management projects, linear facilities and sustainable agriculture and 

forestry (other than those forest management activities specifically identified in this plan) are not 

consistent with this plan or the management purposes of the park. 

Outstanding Reservations 

Following is a listing of outstanding rights, reservations and encumbrances that apply to 

Bald Point State Park 
Bald Point State Park—Acquisition History 

A 1 - 2 

Instrument:...................................................Lease 

Instrument Holder:......................................St. Joe Paper Company 

Beginning Date:............................................October 1, 1966 

Ending Date:.................................................September 30, 2016 

Outstanding Rights, Uses, Etc.: .................The instrument holder leased subject property to 

Alligator Point Water Resources District of Franklin 

County to construct, install and maintain water 

wells and all structures and equipment necessary to 

produce potable water and to transmit the same to 

the nearest state highway right of way. The lease 

has been amended several times to include 

additional lands. 

Instrument:...................................................Warranty Deed 

Instrument Holder:......................................St. Joe Timberland Company of Delaware, LLC 

Beginning Date:............................................December 2, 2002 

Ending Date:.................................................No specific ending date is given 

Outstanding Rights, Uses, Etc.: .................The Warranty Deed is subject is to one 

nonexclusive perpetual easement for ingress and 

egress and one reservation on nonexclusive 

easement for ingress and egress. 
Bald Point State Park Advisory Group Members 

A 1 - 3 

The Honorable Cheryl Sanders 

Franklin County Commission 

33 Market Street, Suite 203 

Apalachicola, Florida 32320 

Clifford Butler, Chair 

Franklin County Soil and Water 

Conservation District 

P.O. Box 488 

Apalachicola, Florida 32320 

Ace Haddock, Forestry Supervisor II 

Tate’s Hell State Forest 

Florida Division of Forestry 

290 Airport Road 

Carrabelle, Florida 32322 

John Himes, Regional Biologist 

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation 

Commission - Northwest Region 

Nongame Program 

3911 Highway 2321 

Panama City, Florida 32409-1658 

(Represented by: Brian Branciforte) 

Kevin Patton, Park Manager 

Ochlockonee River State Park 

P.O. Box 5 

Sopchoppy, Florida 32358 

Kim Wren, Preserve Manager

Alligator Harbor Aquatic Preserve 

350 Carroll Street 

Eastpoint, Florida 32328 

Jim Lyle, Public Lands Issue Chair 

Sierra Club, Big Bend Group 

3764 Millers Bridge Road 

Tallahassee, Florida 32312 

Eric Draper, President 

Apalachee Audubon Society 

2507 Calloway Road, Suite 103 

Tallahassee, Florida 32303 

(Represented by: Julie Wraithmell) 

Dan Tonsmeire, Executive Director 

Apalachicola Bay and River Keepers 

23 Avenue D 

Apalachicola, Florida 32320 

Georgia Ackerman 

Wilderness Way 

4901 Woodville Highway 

Tallahassee, FL 32305 

John Harvey, Bicycling Advocate 

1418 N. Adams Street 

Tallahassee, Florida 32303 

Richard Graham, Chair 

Apalachee Chapter 

Florida Trail Association 

2228 Shirley Ann Court 

Tallahassee, Florida 32308 

Suzanne Lane-Zdanovskiy, Vice President 

Southern Trail Riders Association 

630 Kittrell Road 

Quincy, Florida 32351 

Jack Dozier 

40 Lakeview Drive 

Alligator Point, Florida 32346 

Billy Buzzett, Vice President of Strategic 

Planning 

The St. Joe Company 

100 Beckrich Road, Suite 200 

Panama City Beach, Florida 32407 

(Represented by: Brian Underwood 

301 East First Street 

Port St. Joe, Florida 32456) 

Carol Schneier 

1792 King Arthurs Ct. 

Marietta, Georgia 30062 
Bald Point State Park Advisory Group Members 

A 1 - 4 
Bald Point State Park Advisory Group Staff Report 

A 1 - 5 

The Advisory Group appointed to review the proposed land management plan for Bald Point 

State Park was held at Mission by the Sea on December 14, 2005. Judy Wraithmell represented 

Eric Draper, Brian Branciforte represented John Himes and Brian Underwood represented Billy 

Buzzett. Clifford Butler, Dan Tonsmeire and Georgia Ackerman did not attend. All other 

appointed Advisory Group members were present. Attending staff were Danny Jones, Eric 

Kiefer, John McKenzie, Don Younker, Michael Kinnison, Kevin Patton and Bonnie Allen. 

Summary Of Advisory Group Comments 

The following is a summary of the main points and recommendations made by each of the 

attending advisory group members. Staff recommendations are provided at the end of this report. 

Carol Schneier. Ms. Schneier expressed support for the plan in the following areas: 

 Development in the sand pine ridge parcel is limited to trails 

 Paddling trail on Big Chaires Creek 

 Sunrise Beach Use Area improvements 

 Large areas of the park are “protected” 

 Paved bicycle trail along northwest side of park 

 Cabins not proposed 

 Costs estimated for resource management 

Ms. Schneier expressed concern about several aspects of the plan and provided the following 

recommendations: 

 Locations of camping areas will encourage driving, and are susceptible to flooding and 

excessive biting insects. Group camp road will require an elevated bridge that will make 

traffic visible from the marsh boardwalk. Locate the campgrounds closer to the beach to 

discourage auto use. Purchase private lot on the beach to develop as a campground. 

 Park road system will be expensive to develop and maintain, will disrupt hydrology and 

increase noise pollution. Provide access via spur roads from Bald Point Road to minimize 

road construction and maintenance costs and noise pollution in the park. Keep park roads 

unpaved, with low water crossings to minimize impacts to hydrology. Conduct detailed 

hydrological study. Plant buffer vegetation around roads to reduce noise. 

 Water and sewer inadequately planned. Use county water supply to ensure safe potable 

water. Locate development in higher areas near dunes on soils less prone to flooding and 

better suited for septic tanks. 

 Park development will fragment ecosystems and drive wildlife west of Big Chaires Creek. 

Locate proposed residence to limerock “T” road across from Sunrise Beach 

 Extend bike trail around the park perimeter 

 Use interpretive displays to educate the public and encourage responsible visitor use. 

Restrict trail usage to minimal impact activities and develop an interpretive nature trail. 

Construct wildlife viewing towers with interpretive displays. 

Commissioner Sanders 

 Advisory Group should represent all user group interests, including those activities that are 

not permitted on park lands (for example, off highway vehicles). 

 Conduct a traffic study to assess impacts on local roads from park visitors 

 Consider alternative access to the park, such as through St. Joe lands on the western 

boundary of the park 
Bald Point State Park Advisory Group Staff Report 

A 1 - 6 

 Creation of the park has been a coordinated effort of the county, state and St. Joe. All 

parties need to continue coordinating their activities as the park develops. 

 Minimize impacts to neighbors as much as possible 

Jim Lyle 

 Clarify effects of ditches on park water bodies and plans for restoration 

 Plan does a good job of emphasizing the use of prescribed fire 

 Need to clarify long-term restoration objectives for natural communities, particularly areas 

with longleaf pine 

 Include discussion of existing road conditions and plans for eliminating roads that are not 

needed for fire management 

 Reduce fragmentation by locating camping in southeastern portion of park, as near 

shoreline as possible 

 Group administrative facilities with existing ones 

Brian Underwood. No comments 

Richard Graham 

 Hikers prefer single-use, loop trails 

 Relocate proposed camping areas to improve hiking experience at north end of park 

Brian Branciforte 

 Plan does a good job of emphasizing the use of prescribed fire 

 Glad to hear exotic plants are not significant problem 

 Consider relocating camping areas, using existing road corridors for proposed park roads 

and reducing length of proposed roads to minimize habitat fragmentation 

 Development of new roads and trails should facilitate resource management by serving as 

boundaries of established burn zones 

 Sea turtle and shorebird monitoring important 

 Complete biological surveys before initiating park development to avoid sensitive 

resources 

 Park provides important habitat for Neo-tropical migrants 

 Protect existing maritime hammock 

 Discuss potential effects of road construction on hydrology 

 What effect will local water restrictions have on park development plans? 

 Clarify long-term plans for restoration. Emphasize restoration over development. 

 Be proactive on controlling unauthorized access particularly in remote areas of park 

Kim Wren 

 Plan is consistent with protection of the adjacent Alligator Harbor Aquatic Preserve 

 Interested in receiving results of water quality data once collected 

 Provide more detail on objectives of restoration 

 Aquatic preserve staff encourages ongoing management coordination with the park 
Bald Point State Park Advisory Group Staff Report 

A 1 - 7 

Ace Haddock 

 Consider restoration of Tucker Lake 

 Are future sales planned for areas with planted pines? 

 DOF willing to share experience with flatwoods restoration gained at Tate’s Hell State 

Forest 

 Clarify proposed timing of prescribed burns. Recommend growing season burn in areas 

that have received initial mechanical treatment 

 Supports planned bike trail on County Road 370 

Judy Wraithmell 

 Supports park efforts to reduce fuel loads and use prescribed fire 

 Park an important stopover point for birds migrating across the Gulf to Central America. 

 Plan contains a very comprehensive bird list 

 Maritime hammock provides important habitat for many birds and needs to be protected 

 Park is popular for bird watching and proposed development threatens wildlife watching 

opportunities 

 Recommends de-emphasizing beach use and encouraging access away from shoreline 

hammock areas 

 Supports central access and closure of gate 

 Consider providing access by electric tram 

 Park does not need 60 campsites 

 Increase interpretation with focus on birds 

 Diamondback terrapins may be at park 

 High bacterial levels in near shore waters is another reason to diversify use 

 Water lease should not be expanded 

 Park should set an example for sustainable use in the design of park facilities 

Suzanne Lane-Zdanovskiy 

 Excited that equestrians included in park plans 

 Sensitive to impacts of horses on resources and committed to working with park to allow 

responsible equestrian access 

 10-mile trail minimum needed to attract equestrians. Equestrian users prefer loop trails and 

support multi-use. 

 Consider size of horse trailers when designing trailhead 

 Would like to see horse trails developed as soon as possible 

 Club members available to provide assistance in trail planning and maintenance

 

John Harvey 

 Bald Point has potential role in development of a regional coastal trail system with other 

conservation lands. 

 Work with St. Joe to connect park with other conservation lands to the west 

 Support concept of moving proposed park entrance toward U.S. Highway 98 

 Shift proposed locations of camping areas further south and keep northern part of park 

more natural 

 Do not limit trail layout to existing road layout. Create a coordinated loop and stacked 

system. 

 Park is not going to be an off-road biking destination. Park roads, shoulders and paved 

trails will be major attraction for bicyclists. 
Bald Point State Park Advisory Group Staff Report 

A 1 - 8 

 Consider maintaining pedestrian or biker access at existing gate 

 Tucker Lake seems like a good spot for primary trailhead 

 Connect overlook on Alligator Harbor with loop trail 

Jack Dozier 

 Traffic a major concern of park neighbors and all of Alligator Point 

 Locate park entrance closer to U.S. Highway 98 

 Water supply a major concern for area residents. Impacts of park water use on local supply 

need to be considered. 

 Reconsider position of not allowing expansion of well field beyond existing leased area 

 Important for community to receive advance notice when conducting burns 

 Consider impacts of spring burning on ground nesting species (quail and turkey) 

 Protect remaining coastal hammock from development impacts. Do not site proposed 

restroom at north end within hammock. 

 Use as little boundary fencing as possible 

Kevin Patton 

 Committed to making Bald Point best managed park in system. 

 Resource restoration primary interest 

 Will work with community to increase support and involvement 

Dan Tonsmeire (comments submitted in writing) 

 Coordinate monitoring and promote restoration of hydrology and water quality of surface 

and ground waters of the area with other land managing and regulatory agencies, FSU and 

St. Joe. 

 Coordinate monitoring of listed and other important non-game species, including but not 

limited to migrating bird populations, amphibians and Florida Black Bears, with other land 

managing agencies and St. Joe. 

 The goal to acquire the optimum boundary property between the park and Highway 98 

should be aggressively pursued to reduce and minimize conflict with park management 

objectives. 

 Accurate and up-to-date hydrologic information should be added to the plan and 

consideration of hydrologic restoration included as a principle management effort. 

 The plan calls for protection of listed species, but lacks sufficient direction for monitoring 

several important species such as migrating birds, black bears and amphibians. 

Summary Of Public Comments 

The following is a summary of the main points and recommendations made by interested citizens 

attending the meeting. Staff recommendations designed to address the most significant of these 

issues is provided at the end of this report. 
Bald Point State Park Advisory Group Staff Report 

A 1 - 9 

Lee Brown 

 Mr. Dozier’s comments reflect residents concerns. 

 Confident in new management. 

 Supports shifting entrance location as near to U.S. 98 as possible 

 Supports proposed internal road system to take traffic off local roads 

 Sunrise Beach area best for camping 

Ann Murzek. What types of interpretive facilities are planned for the park? 

John Susco 

Important for park to provide camping opportunities since area campgrounds have closed 

Sunset Beach not ideal for beach use due to submerged hazards 

Shoreline areas in need of dune restoration 

Improving bike access is critical. 

Ken Osbourne 

 Critical of representation of advisory group 

 Division not empathetic to concerns of area residents, particularly the issue of water supply 

 Current plans do not consider access needs of those with restricted mobility. Provide 

electric golf carts for visitors with limited access. 

Staff Recommendations 

Staff recommends approval of the proposed management plan for Bald Point State Park as 

presented with the following changes. See revised Conceptual Land Use Plan for locations of 

proposed facilities and use areas. 

Park Roads. An internal system of park roads is considered important to minimize traffic 

impacts on local roads and for the efficient circulation and management of visitors. Hydrological 

impacts will be evaluated and addressed during the planning and design phase of road 

construction. Additional survey needs, biological and archaeological, will also be implemented at 

this time. Roads to primary use areas will be paved to reduce maintenance needs but designed 

with best management practices for handling stormwater and protecting water quality. The 

Division will meet all local land development regulations, including traffic studies if required, as 

part of the Franklin County permit review and development approval process. 

Existing unimproved roads currently support multiple functions. They provide service access to 

conduct resource management activities and serve as important fire breaks for established burn 

zones. They also serve a recreation function as part of the park’s trail system. Once maintenance 

conditions are established for burning, and the park’s system of trails finalized, the road network 

will be evaluated and those sections considered non-essential considered for restoration. 

Improvements, such as low water crossings, will be utilized where appropriate to improve sheet 

flow. 

The proposed park entrance off County Road 370 is recommended to be relocated back towards 

U.S. Highway 98 to reduce traffic impacts on residential areas. It is recommended that the 

trailhead providing access to the Sand Pine Ridge parcel be located across from the entrance 

location, if possible. An alternative alignment of the park road is recommended that will 
Bald Point State Park Advisory Group Staff Report 

A 1 - 10 

minimize hydrological impacts, require less paving and avoid an adjacent residential area. The 

proposed route runs north of Tucker Lake and follows a higher, dryer corridor through the park 

that will be significantly shorter than the route originally proposed south of Tucker Lake. The 

revised route will require less engineering to maintain sheet flow and gives greater feasibility to 

wetland restoration south and east of Tucker Lake. 

Recreation Facilities. The locations and number of camping facilities have been reevaluated and 

changes recommended. While moving camping areas closer to the beach is a desirable goal, it is 

not practical for a number of reasons. Potential locations in the southeastern area of the park are 

limited. There are not sufficient uplands within the park boundary east of Bald Point Road for 

camping. The stretch of shoreline extending from the Sunrise Beach Access southward is the 

most heavily eroded area of the park. The beach is narrow and submerged obstacles are present 

in the shallow near-shore waters that pose a public safety hazard. Encouraging additional use of 

this area by locating camping facilities in close proximity is not appropriate given its limitations 

as a recreational resource. In addition, locating camping areas near this beach access is no 

guarantee that visitors will not gravitate to the northern end of the park where the highest quality 

beach is located. 

In response to concerns regarding the appeal of the park as a camping destination, it is 

recommended that the number of sites at the proposed family campground be reduced to 30. Six 

cabin units are now recommended as an alternative option for those seeking extended stays at the 

park. Cabins will diversify the type of overnight opportunities available and are likely to be 

popular throughout the year, at times when camping is less desirable due to environmental 

conditions. Two potential locations for the camping and cabin development area have been 

identified, both of which provide an opportunity for access to Chaires Creek and are close 

enough (approximately one mile) to beach access points to encourage bicycle and pedestrian 

access. 

The proposed primitive group camp location is recommended to be moved to an area of scrubby 

flatwoods adjacent to Little Tucker Lake. This area is less prone to flooding, will not require 

significant road improvements to cross hydrological features and is a highly attractive location 

for primitive camping. 

The proposed concept of a canoe/kayak launch on Chaires Creek has been removed from the 

plan in light of concerns about safety given the strong tidal currents in the creek. Access to the 

creek will be available from the existing canoe launch at Bald Point, from the planned Tucker 

Lake Use Area and within the family campground. 

Water Supply. Bald Point State Park contributes significantly to meeting the daily water needs 

of residents of Alligator Point through an existing well field leased to the local water provider. 

The Division recognizes the importance of this lease and intends to honor its conditions into the 

future. However, the long-term solution to the area’s water supply problem can best be met 

through a regional supply system as opposed to the uncertainties of drilling additional wells on 

park property outside the existing lease area. If local sources are not an option for meeting future 

park needs, then the park will investigate developing its own water supply system. 

Restoration. There is a need to gain a better understanding about park hydrology before 

formulating specific proposals for restoration. Additional text will be provided in the plan that 

clearly identifies this need and that discusses, in general terms, the long-term objectives for 

upland and wetland restoration at the park. 
Bald Point State Park Advisory Group Staff Report 

A 1 - 11 

Restoring Tucker Lake to conditions prior to human intervention is not recommended at this 

time. The lake is a productive, functioning estuarine system. Access to the lake via Chaires 

Creek for fishing and boating is popular with local residents and part of traditional use patterns 

that have developed over many years. Large areas of the lake bottom have accumulated 

significant amounts of muck that would likely have to be removed to reestablish a sand bottom. 

In essence, this would be a complex, large-scale operation requiring significant investment 

beyond merely backfilling the dredged channel or installing a water control structure. The 

Division believes there are other more pressing restoration needs facing the park that should be 

addressed before considering restoration of Tucker Lake. 
Bald Point State Park—Acquisition History 

A 1 - 12 
Addendum 2—References Cited

Bald Point State Park—References Cited 

A 2 - 1 

Blanchard, Jon., Crook, Angele., Jue, Salley. Florida Conservation Lands 1998. Tallahassee, FL 

252 pp. 

Bureau of Economic and Business Research (BEBR), University of Florida. 2004. Florida 

Statistical Abstract 2004. Gainesville, Florida. 

Florida Natural Areas Inventory and the Florida Department of Natural Resources, 1990. Guide 

to the natural communities of Florida. Tallahassee, FL. 111 pp. 

Franklin County. 2005. Franklin County 2020 Comprehensive Plan. Franklin County, Florida. 

Lane, Ed. 1194. Florida’s Geological History and Geological Resources: Special Publication 

No. 35. 1994. Tallahassee, FL. 64 pp. 

Monroe, Ken L., Sasser, Leland D., Schuster, Joseph N. Soil Survey of Franklin County, Florida, 

1994. 192 pp. 

Sears, William H. Hopewellian Affiliations of Certain Sites on the Gulfcoast of Florida, 

American Antiquity, 1962. 23, 1:5-18 

St. Joe Land Development Company, 2004. Draft copy of St. James Island Overlay Plan. 

U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 2000. U. S. Census 2000. 

Willey, Gordon R. Archeology of the Florida Gulf Coast. Smithsonian Miscellaneous 

Collections 113. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. 

Glowacki, Mary, and Patrick Gensier. 2004. “Bald Point State Park, Franklin County: Property 

Inspection Following Forest Fire and Prescribed Burn.” Report on file at the Florida 

Division of Historical Resources 

Wisenbaker, Michael. 2004. “A Preliminary Report on Archaeological and Historical Resources 

within the Recent Addition to Bald Point State Park.” Report on file at the Florida 

Division of Historical Resources 

Wisenbaker, Michael, and Brenda Swann. 2001. “An Archaeological and Historical Survey of 

Bald Point State Park, Franklin County, Florida.” Report on file at the Florida Division 

of Historical Resources. 
Bald Point State Park—References Cited 

A 2 - 2 

 
Addendum 3—Soils Descriptions

Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 1 

(3) Beaches: Beaches consist of narrow strips of nearly level land areas along the Gulf of 

Mexico and adjacent bays. They formed in deposits of mixed sand and shell fragments. 

Individual areas range from less than 100 to more than 300 feet in width. As much as half of the 

beach can be flooded daily by high tides, and all of the beach can be flooded by storm tides. The 

most extensive areas of this unit are on St. Vincent Island, St. George Island, and Dog Island. 

Beaches typically consist of loose, fine sand ranging from gray to white or sand that contains 

various quantities of broken shells throughout. In most areas the shell fragments are the size of 

sand grains, but in some areas they are larger in some parts of the profile. Layers differ primarily 

in color or in shell content. Some profiles appear uniform throughout. 

Included in mapping are small areas of Corolla, Duckston, and Hurricane soils. These soils are 

on the landward fringes of the map unit. 

Beaches are covered daily with saltwater at high tides. They are susceptible to movement by the 

wind and tide. Many areas do not support vegetation, and the remaining areas are sparsely 

vegetated by salt-tolerant plants. 

Beaches are not suitable for cultivation or for use as woodland. 

Beaches are used intensively for recreation. Homes and commercial buildings have been built on 

the fringes of beaches in many places. Beaches are not suitable for homesite development, 

however, because of the frequent tidal flooding. 

No capability subclass or woodland ordination symbol is assigned. 

4) Dirego and Bayvi soils, tidal: These very poorly drained, nearly level soils are in gulf coast 

tidal marshes and in estuarine marshes along the lower reaches of the Apalachicola River. 

Individual areas are generally elongated along the gulf cast and are irregularly shaped or 

elongated in other places. They range from 3 to several thousand acres in size. They are about 50 

percent Dirego soil and 40 percent Bayvi soil. Slopes are less than 1 percent 

Typically, the surface layer of the Dirego soil is very dark grayish brown muck about 35 inches 

thick. The upper part of the subsurface layer is very dark brown mucky sand about 12 inches 

thick. The lower part to a depth of 72 inches or more is very dark grayish brown sand. 

Typically, the surface layer of the Bayvi soil is about 26 inches thick. The upper 8 inches is very 

dark gray sand. The subsurface layer to a depth of 80 inches or more is gray sand that has light 

gray streaks and mottles. 

In most areas the natural vegetation consists of black needlerush, marshhay cordgrass, and 

smooth cordgrass. 

These soils are unsuitable for homesite development, small commercial buildings, local roads 

and streets, and recreational uses because of the high salt content, the daily flooding, the wetness, 

the high sulfide content, and low strength. 

(10) Corolla sand: This somewhat poorly drained, nearly level or gently sloping soil is on flats 

and small dunes and in swales on large dunes along the gulf coast beaches. Slopes range from 0 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 2 

to 5 percent but are generally less than 3 percent. Individual areas are narrow and elongated and 

range from 5 to 100 acres in size. 

Typically, the surface layer is light gray sand about 6 inches thick. The next layer is sand. The 

upper 18 inches is very pale brown, and the lower 8 inches is light gray. The next 2 inches is a 

buried surface layer of grayish brown sand. Below this to a depth of 80 inches or more is light 

gray sand. 

Many areas are used for homesite development. In most areas the natural vegetation consists of 

slash pine, longleaf pine, and live oak and an understory of waxmyrtle and scattered saw 

palmetto. Many of the areas nearest to the gulf coast do not have trees and are sparsely vegetated 

with sea oats and other beach grasses and scattered shrubs. 

This soil is generally unsuited to cultivated crops, pasture, and the production of timber because 

of the low level of fertility and the proximity to the coast. 

(11) Dorovan-Pamlico complex, depressional: These very poorly drained, nearly level soils are 

in depressions and poorly defined drainageways. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Individual 

areas of these soils are irregular in shape and range from 10 to 500 acres in size. They are about 

55 percent Dorovan soil and 30 percent Pamlico soil. 

Typically, the surface layer of the Dorovan soil is black muck about 68 inches thick. The 

subsurface layer to a depth of 80 inches or more is very dark gray muck. 

Typically, the surface layer of the Pamlico soil is very dark brown muck about 7 inches thick. 

The subsurface layer is dark brown muck about 31 inches thick. Below this to a depth of 80 

inches or more is dark grayish brown and grayish brown fine sand. 

In most areas the natural vegetation consists of blackgum, cypress, sweetbay, swamp tupelo, 

black titi, and scattered slash pine. 

These soils are unsuitable for crops, pasture and hay, and the production of pine trees. They also 

are unsuited to use as sites for homes, small commercial buildings, and local roads and streets. 

The ponded seasonal high water table, a lack of suitable drainage outlets, and low strength are 

limitations. 

(13) Hurricane sand: This somewhat poorly drained, nearly level soil is on low coastal ridges 

and slight knolls in the flatwoods. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Individual areas are 

elongated or irregularly shaped and range from 5 to 100 acres in size. 

Typically, the surface layer is sand about 7 inches thick. The upper 3 inches is gray, and the 

lower 4 inches is brown. The subsurface layer, to a depth of about 55 inches, is sand. The upper 

17 inches is brownish yellow, the next 10 inches is light yellowish brown, and the lower 21 

inches is white. The subsoil, to a depth of about 76 inches, is sand. The upper 13 inches is brown, 

and the lower 8 inches is dark brown. Below this to a depth of 80 inches or more is pinkish gray 

sand. 

The Hurricane soil has a seasonal high water table at a depth of 24 to 42 inches for 2 to 4 months 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 3 

in most years. The water table can rise to a depth of 15 to 24 inches for brief periods after heavy 

rains. The available water capacity is low. Permeability is rapid or very rapid. The content of 

organic matter and natural fertility are low. 

Most areas are used for the production of pine trees. The natural vegetation consists of slash 

pine, longleaf pine, and scattered oak and an understory of saw palmetto, gallberry, and 

wiregrass. 

This soil is poorly suited to most cultivated crops because of droughtiness and the rapid leaching 

of plant nutrients. 

(22) Leon sand: This poorly drained, nearly level soil is in broad areas in the flatwoods and on 

knolls or low ridges in titi bogs. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Individual areas are irregular 

in shape and range from 5 to 200 acres in size. 

Typically, the surface layer is dark gray sand about 8 inches thick. The subsurface layer is white 

sand about 14 inches thick. The subsoil is sand. The upper 18 inches is very dark brown, and the 

lower 32 inches is very dark brownish gray and dark brown. Below this to a depth of 80 inches 

or more is light brownish gray and dark grayish brown fine sand. 

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Lynn Haven, Mandarin, Sapelo, and 

Scranton soils. The poorly drained Sapelo soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the 

Leon soil. The poorly drained Lynn Haven and Scranton soils are in the slightly lower areas in 

the flatwoods. 

The Leon soil has a seasonal high water table at a depth of 6 to 12 inches for 1 to 4 months in 

most years. The water table recedes to a depth of more than 40 inches during dry periods. The 

available water capacity is very low in the surface and subsurface layers and low in the subsoil. 

Most areas are wooded. The natural vegetation consists of longleaf pine, slash pine, saw 

palmetto, gallberry, waxmyrtle, wiregrass, running oak, black titi, and fetterbush lyonia. 

This soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops because of the wetness and the low fertility. The 

number of adapted crops that can be grown is limited unless intensive management practices are 

applied. A water-control system removes excess water during wet periods and provides for 

surface irrigation during dry periods. 

(24) Mandarin fine sand: This somewhat poorly drained, nearly level soil is on low coastal 

ridges and knolls in the flatwoods. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Individual areas are narrow 

and elongated and range from 5 to 100 acres in size. 

Typically, the surface layer is gray fine sand about 4 inches thick. Below this, to a depth of about 

25 inches, is light gray fine sand. The subsoil is about 9 inches of fine sand. It is dark reddish 

brown that grades to dark brown. The next 27 inches is brown fine sand. Below this to a depth of 

80 inches or more is white fine sand that has brown and yellow mottles. 

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Corolla, Hurricane, Leon, Resota, and 

Ridgewood soils. 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 4 

The Mandarin soil has a seasonal high water table at a depth of 18 to 36 inches for 3 to 6 months 

in most years. The available water capacity is very low in the surface and subsurface layers and 

moderate in the subsoil. Permeability is rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and moderate 

in the subsoil. 

Most areas are used for the production of pine trees or support natural vegetation. Some areas 

have been used for homesite development. The natural vegetation consists of sand pine, slash 

pine, longleaf pine, and turkey oak and an understory of wiregrass, pennyroyal, and scattered 

saw palmetto. 

This soil is poorly suited to most cultivated crops because of droughtiness and the rapid leaching 

of plant nutrients. 

This soil is moderately suited to pasture and hay. Additionally, this soil type is moderately 

suited to the production of pine trees. 

This soil is only moderately suited to use as a site foe homes, small commercial buildings, and 

local roads and streets because of the seasonal wetness and occasional droughtiness. 

(26) Duckston Sand: This poorly drained, nearly level soil is on level flats adjacent to coastal 

dunes and marshes and in low swales between dunes. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. 

Individual areas are elongated and range from 5 to 100 acres in size. 

Typically, the surface layer is dark gray sand about 4 inches thick. The underlying material 

extends to a depth of 80 inches or more. In sequence downward, it is 5 inches of grayish brown 

sand, 19 inches of light brownish gray sand, 25 inches on white sand, and 27 inches or more of 

light gray sand. 

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Bayvi, Corolla, Rutlege, and Scranton soils. 

The poorly drained Scranton soils are in landscape positions that are similar to those of the 

Duckston soil but are farther inland. The very poorly drained Bayvi soils are in the tidal marshes. 

The Rutlege soils are in the lower swales between dunes. The somewhat poorly drained Corolla 

soils are on small dune ridges. Also included are deep, sandy soils that have a weakly stained 

layer. These soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the Duckston soil. 

On 80 percent of the acreage mapped as Duckston sand, occasionally flooded, Duckston and 

similar soils make up 78 to 100 percent of the mapped areas. 

The Duckston soil has a high water table within a depth of 12 inches throughout most years. The 

water table may fluctuate slightly with the rising and falling tide. Flooding is likely during 

periods of heavy rainfall in combination with high tides or during strong coastal storms. The 

available water capacity is very low. Permeability is very rapid. The content of organic matter 

and natural fertility are low. 

Most areas support natural vegetation and are managed for recreational uses or wildlife habitat. 

A few areas have been developed as homesites and building sites. The natural vegetation is that 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 5 

of a maritime forest or a low coastal savannah. The maritime forest vegetation generally consists 

of cabbage palms, eastern redcedar, live oak, laural oak, slash pine, gallberry, waxmyrtle, 

scattered saw palmetto, fetterbush lyonia, and marshy cordgrass. The coastal savannah 

vegetation consists dominantly of marshhay cordgrass, seaoats, gulf muhly, sand cordgrass, and 

various other low grasses and widely scattered slash pine and shrubs. 

This soil is generally not used for range. This soil is generally not used for commercial 

production of pine trees because of the proximity to the coast. Some areas, however, have been 

managed extensively for turpentine production. If the soil is used for the production of pine trees, 

the major management concerns are the wetness, salt spray, and low fertility. Using a logging 

system that leaves plant debris distributed over the site improves soil fertility. Bedding reduces 

the rate of seedling mortality caused by wetness. 

This soil is generally unsuitable for cultivated crops and pasture. This soil is poorly suited to use 

as a site for homes, small commercial buildings, and local roads and streets. The major 

limitations are the wetness, the flooding during storm tides, and the very rapid permeability. The 

soil is generally unsuited to sanitary facilities because of the proximity to the coast and the 

potential for pollution of coastal waters. On sites for septic tank absorption fields, the depth to 

the high water table can be increased by constructing a mound of suitable fill material. 

Generally, only low-density development is recommended. ON building sites, adding fill 

material and installing a subsurface drainage system reduce the wetness. Mulching, applying 

fertilizer, and using an irrigation system help establish lawn grasses and other small-seeded 

plants. 

If areas of this soil are developed for recreational uses, such as playgrounds, picnic areas, and 

paths or trails, stabilizing the sandy surface layer by adding suitable topsoil or some other 

material helps to prevent excessive erosion. For any kind of development, protecting the natural 

vegetation helps control erosion caused by coastal winds and storm tides. 

The capability subclass is VIIw. No woodland ordination symbol is assigned. 

(29) Resota Fine Sand: This moderately well drained, nearly level or gently sloping soil is on 

coastal ridges and remnant dunes. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent. Individual areas are irregular 

in shape and range from 3 to 150 acres in size. 

Typically, the surface layer is gray fine sand about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is white 

fine sand about 19 inches thick. The subsoil, to a depth of about 58 inches, is fine sand. It has 

organic stains at its upper boundary. The upper 22 inches is brownish yellow, and the lower 14 

inches is yellow and has reddish yellow mottles. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more 

is very pale brown fine sand that has reddish yellow mottles. 

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Corolla, Kureb, Mandarin, Ortega, and 

Ridgewood soils. The moderately well drained Ortega soils are in landscape positions similar to 

those of the Resota soil. The excessively drained Kureb soils are on high ridges and knolls. The 

somewhat poorly drained Ridgewood, Corolla, and Mandarin soils are in slight swales and on the 

lower ridge slopes. 

On 90 percent of the acreage mapped as Resota fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes, Resota and 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 6 

similar soils make up 76 to 100 percent of the mapped areas. 

The Resota soil has a seasonal high water table at a depth of 40 to 60 inches for as long as 6 

months in most years. The water table is below a depth of 60 inches during dry periods. The 

available water capacity is very low. Permeability is very rapid. The content of organic matter 

and natural fertility are low. 

Most areas support natural vegetation. Some areas have been developed as homesites. The 

natural vegetation consists of sand pine, scrub oak, longleaf pine, and turkey oak and an 

understory of wiregrass, rosemary, and scattered saw palmetto. 

This soil is poorly suited to most cultivated crops because of doughtiness and the rapid leaching 

of plant nutrients. If the soil is cultivated, soil blowing is a hazard. Applying fertilizer and using 

a well designed irrigation system can increase crop yields. Returning all crop residue to the soil 

and using a cropping system that includes grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures help 

maintain fertility and tilth. Soil blowing can be controlled by maintaining a ground cover of 

close-growing plants, minimizing tillage, establishing windbreaks, and wind stripcropping. This 

soil is moderately suited to pasture and hay. It is limited by the restricted available water 

capacity. Applications of fertilizer and lime help deep-rooted plants, such as coastal 

bermudagrass and bahiagrass, to tolerate drought. Overgrazing results in deterioration of the 

plant cover and increases the extent of undesirable species. Proper stocking rates and pasture 

rotation help to keep the pasture in good condition. 

This soil supports vegetation that is characteristic of the Sand Pine Scrub range site. Because of 

the doughtiness of the soil, forage production is low. The desirable plants on this site include 

creeping bluestem, purple bluestem, indiangrass, and beaked panicum. 

The soil is moderately suited to the production of pine trees. It is limited mainly by the 

doughtiness, which increases the seedling mortality rate and retards growth. Potential 

productivity is medium for slash pine. Using special nursery stock that is larger than usual or that 

in containerized reduces the seedling mortality rate. Using a harvesting system that leaves plant 

debris distributed over the site helps to maintain the content of organic matter. 

This soil is well suited to use as a site for homes, small commercial buildings, and local roads 

and streets. It is poorly suited to sewage lagoons and landfills because of seepage. In areas used 

for these purposes, sidewalls should be sealed. Areas for onsite waste disposal should be 

carefully selected to prevent the contamination of ground water. Homes should not be located 

adjacent to any body of water. Disposal fields should be established on the contour. Reducing the 

slope by cutting and filling minimizes erosion on homesites and in areas adjacent to roads. 

Mulching, applying fertilizer, and using an irrigation system help to establish lawn grasses and 

other small-seeded plants. 

If areas of this soil are developed for recreational uses, such as playgrounds, picnic areas, and 

paths and trails, stabilizing the sandy surface layer by adding suitable topsoil or some other 

material help to prevent excessive erosion. 

The capacity subclass is VIs. The woodland ordination symbol is 8S. 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 7 

(30) Rutlege Loamy Fine Sand: This very poorly drained, nearly level soil is in depressions. 

Slopes are generally less than 2 percent. Individual areas are somewhat circular or oval or are 

elongated and range from 3 to 50 acres in size. 

Typically the surface layer is about 11 inches thick. The upper 5 inches is black loamy fine sand, 

and the lower 6 inches is very dark gray fine sand. Below this to a depth of 80 inches or more is 

light gray sand. 

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Lynn Haven, Pickney, and Scranton soils. 

The very poorly drained Pickney and Scranton soils are in landscape positions similar to those of 

the Rutlege soil. The poorly drained Lynn Haven soils are on slight knolls in depressions or near 

the edges of depressions. Also included are soils that are similar to the Rutlege soil but have a 

thin surface layer of muck. These soils are in landscaper positions similar to those of the Rutlege 

soil. 

On 95 percent of the acreage mapped as Rutlege loamy fine sand, depressional, Rutlege and 

similar soils make up 78 to 100 percent of the mapped area. 

The Rutlege soil has a seasonal high water table ponded on the surface or within a depth of 24 

inches for 3 to 6 months in most years. The available water capacity is low. Permeability is rapid. 

The content of organic matter is high in the surface layer and low in the rest of the profile. 

Natural fertility is medium. 

Most areas support natural vegetation, which consists of black titi, swamp cyrilla, and scattered 

slash pine and sweetbay. 

This soil is not used for crops, the production of pine trees, pasture and hay, or homesite 

development because of the seasonal high water table and a lack of suitable drainage outlets. It is 

generally not used for range. 

This soil is poorly suited to local roads and streets and is generally unsuited to use as a site for 

small commercial buildings because of the seasonal high water table. Adding suitable fill 

material to elevate roadbeds helps to overcome the wetness. 

This soil is poorly suited to recreational uses, such as playgrounds, picnic areas, and paths or 

trails, because of the ponding and the lack of suitable drainage outlets. 

The capacity subclass is VIIw. No woodland ordination symbol is assigned. 

(31) Rutlege Fine Sand: This very poorly drained, nearly level soil is on broad, low-lying flats 

and on narrow flats adjacent to streams. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Individual areas are 

elongated or irregularly shaped and range from 25 to 500 acres in size. 

Typically, the surface layer is fine sand about 13 inches thick. The upper 6 inches is very dark 

brown, and the lower 7 inches is very dark gray. Below this to a depth of 80 inches or more is 

sand. The upper 21 inches is grayish brown, the next 24 inches is dark gray, and the lower 22 

inches or more is gray. 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 8 

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Lynn Haven, Pamlico, Pickney, and 

Scranton soils. The very poorly drained Scranton and Pickney soils are in landscape positions 

similar to those of the Rutlege soil. The very poorly drained Pamlico soils are in depressions. 

The poorly drained Lynn Haven soils are on slight knolls. Also included are soils that have a 

subsoil below a depth of 40 inches and soils that have an organic layer that is as much as 12 

inches thick. These soils are very drained and are in landscape positions similar to those of the 

Rutlege soil. 

On 95 percent of the acreage mapped as Rutlege fine sand, Rutlege and similar soils make up 91 

to 100 percent of the mapped area. 

The Rutlege soil has a seasonal high water table at or slightly above the surface for 3 to 6 months 

in most years. The water table is within a depth of 20 inches during the rest of most years. The 

available water capacity is low. Permeability is rapid. The content of organic matter is high in the 

surface layer and low in the rest of the profile. Natural fertility is medium. 

Most areas support natural vegetation or are used for the production of pine trees. The natural 

vegetation consists of slash pine, black titi, swamp cyrilla, cypress, sweetbay, and blackgum and 

an understory of shrub-sized titi, St. Johnswort, and pitcherplant. 

This soil is poorly suited to cultivate crops because of the wetness and low fertility. The number 

of adapted crops that can be grown is limited unless intensive management practices are applied. 

A water-control system removes excess water during wet periods. Incorporating crop residue, 

including that of soil-improving crops, into the soil increases the content of organic matter. 

Seedback preparation, including bedding of rows, increases the depth to the water table. 

Applications of fertilizer and lime can increase crop yields. 

This soil is poorly suited to pasture and hay. Water-control measures reduce the wetness. 

Applications of fertilizer and the proper selection of adapted grasses and legumes increase yields. 

Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during wet periods help to keep the 

pasture in good condition. 

This soil is generally not used for range. This soil is poorly suited to the production of pine trees. 

It is limited mainly be the seasonal wetness, which can increase the seedling mortality rate, 

restrict the use of equipment, and cause plant competition. Potential productivity is medium for 

slash pine. Site preparation, such as chopping, burning, and bedding, removes debris, minimizes 

plant competition, facilitates planting, and reduces the seedling mortality rate. Using special 

equipment, such as rubber-tired or crawler machinery, and harvesting during dry periods 

minimize soil compaction and root damage during thinning activities. Using a harvesting system 

that leaves plant debris distributed over the site helps maintain the content of organic matter. The 

trees respond will to applications of fertilizer. 

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for homes, small commercial buildings, and local roads 

and streets because of the wetness. On sites for septic tank absorption fields, mounding increases 

the depth to the seasonal high water table and thus helps to overcome the wetness. If adequate 

outlets are available, a drainage system can lower the water table. On sites for roads, installing a 

drainage system and adding suitable fill material help to overcome the wetness. Installing a 

drainage system and selecting adapted species can help to establish lawn grasses and landscaping 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 9 

plants. 

If areas of this soil are developed for recreational uses, such as playgrounds, picnic areas, and 

paths or trails, stabilizing the sandy surface layer by adding suitable topsoil or some other 

material helps to prevent excessive erosion. 

The capacity subclass is Vw. The woodland ordination symbol is 8W. 

(33) Scranton Fine Sand: This poorly drained, nearly level soil is in broad areas n the 

flatwoods. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Individual areas are irregular in shape and range 

from 5 to 200 acres in size. 

Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray fine sand about 7 inches thick. The underlying 

material to a depth of 80 inches or more is fine sand. The upper 15 inches is light gray and has 

patches of dark gray and very dark gray. The next 24 inches is dark gray and has patches of gray 

and light brownish gray. The lower 34 inches or more is grayish brown and has patches of light 

gray. 

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Duckston, Leon, Meadowbrook, Plummer 

Ridgewood, and Rutlege soils and areas of Scranton that are very poorly drained. The poorly 

drained Leon, Meadowbrook, and Plummer soils are in landscape positions similar to those of 

the Scranton soil. The somewhat poorly drained Ridgewood soils are on slight knolls. The poorly 

drained Duckston soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the Scranton soils, in areas 

adjacent to coastal waters. The very poorly drained Scranton soils are on the slightly lower 

savannahs and in the higher areas in swamps. The very poorly drained Rutlege soils are in broad, 

low-lying swamps and on narrow flood plains along small creeks. Also included are soils that are 

similar to the Scranton soil but have a stained subsoil below a depth of 50 inches. These soils are 

in landscape positions similar to those of the Scranton soil. 

On 95 percent of the acreage mapped as Scranton fine sand, Scranton and similar soils make up 

77 to 100 percent of the mapped areas. 

The Scranton soil has a seasonal high water table at a depth of 6 to 18 inches for 3 to 6 months in 

most years. The available water capacity is low. Permeability is rapid. The content of organic 

matter is moderately low or moderate. Natural fertility is low. 

Most areas are used for the production of pine trees. The natural vegetation consists of slash 

pine, widely scattered cypress, and black gum and an understory of saw palmetto, gallberry, 

waxmyrtle, black titi, swamp cyrilla, and fetterbush lyonia. 

The soil is poorly suited to cultivate crops because of the wetness and the low fertility. The 

number of adapted crops that can be grown is limited unless intensive management practices are 

applied. A water-control system removes excess water during wet periods and provides for 

surface irrigation during dry periods. Row crops can be rotated with close-growing, soilimproving crops. Incorporating crop residue, including that of soil- improving crops, into the soil 

increases the content of organic matter. Seedbed preparation, including bedding of rows, helps to 

overcome the wetness. Applications of fertilizer and lime can increase crop yields. 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 10 

This soil is moderately suited to pasture and hay. A surface water management system helps to 

overcome the wetness. Applications of fertilizer and the proper selection of adapted grasses and 

legumes increase restricted grazing during wet periods help to keep the pasture in good 

condition. 

Typically, this soils supports vegetation that is characteristic of the North Florida Flatwoods 

range site. If good management practices are applied, this site has the potential to produce 

significant amounts of creeping bluestem, lopsided indiangrass, chalky bluestem, and curtis 

dropseed. If the range deteriorates because of poor management practices, the site is dominated 

by saw palmetto and wiregrass. 

This soil is moderately suited to the production of pine trees. It is limited mainly by the seasonal 

wetness, which can restrict the use of equipment and cause plant competition. Potential 

productivity is medium or high for slash pine. Site preparation, such as chopping, burning, and 

bedding, removes debris, minimizes plant competition, facilitates planting, and reduces the 

seedling mortality rate. Using special equipment , such as rubber-tired or crawler machinery, and 

harvesting during dry periods minimize soil compaction and root damage during thinning 

activities. Using a harvesting system that leaves plant debris distributed over the site helps 

maintain the content of organic matter. 

This soil is poorly suited to use as a site for homes, small commercial buildings, and local roads 

and streets because of the wetness. On sites for septic tank absorption fields, mounding increases 

the depth to the seasonal high water table. If adequate outlets are available, a drainage system 

can lower the water table. Adding suitable fill material to elevate roadbeds and building sites 

helps to overcome the wetness. Installing a drainage system and selecting adapted species can 

help establish lawn grasses and landscaping plants. 

If areas of this soil are developed for recreational uses, such as playgrounds, picnic areas, and 

paths or trails, stabilizing the sandy surface by adding suitable topsoil or some other material 

helps to prevent excessive erosion. 

The capability subclass is IVw. The woodland ordination symbol is 10W. 

(36) Pickney-Pamlico Complex: These very poorly drained, nearly level soils are in 

depressions, freshwater swamps, and poorly defined drainage ways. Slopes are generally less 

than 1 percent. Individual areas are nearly round or are irregularly shaped and range from 10 to 

several thousand acres in size. They are about 45 percent Pickney soil and 40 percent Pamlico 

soil. 

Typically, the surface layer of the Pickney soil is about 41 inches of black and very dark brown 

sand that has pockets of gray sand. Below this to a depth of 80 inches or more is grayish brown 

and light brownish gray sand. 

Typically, the surface layer of the Pamlico soil is muck about 27 inches thick. The upper 5 

inches is dark brown, and the lower 22 inches is very dark brown. The next layer is about 19 

inches of black mucky sand. Below this to a depth of 80 inches or more is sand. The upper 8 

inches is very dark grayish brown, and the lower 26 inches or more is grayish brown. 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 11 

Included with these soils in mapping are small areas of Dorovan, Lynn Haven, Maurepas, 

Rutlege, and Scranton soils. Also included are soils that are similar to the Pamlico soil but have a 

loamy substratum. The very poorly drained Dorovan and Maurepas soils are in landscape 

positions similar to those of the Pickney and Pamlico soils. The very poory drained Rutlege and 

Scranton soils are on slightly elevated flats. The poorly drained Lynn Haven and Scranton soils 

are on low ridges and flats. 

On 95 percent of the acreage mapped as Pickney-Pamlico complex, depressional, Pickney, 

Pamlico, and similar soils make up 89 to 100 percent of the mapped areas. 

The pickney and Pamlico soils have a seasonal high water table within a depth of 18 inches for 

as much as 5 months each year. The water table id generally within a depth of less than 6 inches 

for the rest of most years. The available water capacity ranges from very low to very high in the 

Pamlico soil and from very low to moderate in the Pickney soil. Permeability ranges from 

moderate to rapid in both soils. The content of organic matter is very high in the Pamlico soil and 

moderate in the pickney soil. Natural fertility of both soils is high. 

Most areas support natural vegetation, which consists of sweetbay, swamp tupelo, black titi, 

swamp cyrilla, and scattered slash pine. 

These soils are unsuitable for crops, the production of pine trees, and pasture and hay because of 

the seasonal high water table and low strength. They are generally not used for range. 

These soils are unsuitable for homesite development, local roads and streets, and small 

commercial buildings because of the seasonal high water table and low strength. 

These soils are unsuitable for recreational uses, such as playgrounds, picnic areas, and paths or 

trails, because of the seasonal high water table. 

The capability subclass of the Pickney soil is VIw, and that of the Pamlico soil is VIIw. The 

woodland ordination symbol for both soils is 7W. 

(40) Newhan - Corolla Complex: These excessively drained or somewhat poorly drained, 

gently undulating to steep soils are on coastal dunes and in swales. Slopes generally range from 5 

to 15 percent but can range from 2 to 30 percent. Individual areas of these soils are elongated and 

range from 25 to 150 acres in size. They are about 60 percent Newhan soil and 25 percent 

Corolla soil. Newhan soils are on high dunes, and Corolla soils are on low dunes and in high 

swales between dunes. 

Typically, the surface layer of the Newhan soil is gray sand about 1 inch thick. The underlying 

material extends to a depth of 80 inches or more. It is about 5 inches of light gray sand, 5 inches 

of white sand, 10 inches of mixed light gray and brownish gray sand, and 59 inches or more of 

light gray sand. 

Typically, the surface layer of the Corolla soil is very dark gray and about 3 inches thick. Below 

this to a depth of 80 inches or more is light gray and light brownish gray sand. 

Included with these soils in mapping are small areas of Duckston and Hurricane soils. The 
Bald Point State Park—Soils Descriptions 

A 3 - 12 

somewhat poorly drained Hurricane soils are on the older, more stable side slopes and in swales. 

The poorly drained Duckston soils are in low swales and on level flats adjacent to coastal 

marshes and beaches. Also included are areas of beaches along the coastal fringe of the unit. 

On 95 percent of the acreage mapped as Newhan - Corolla complex, rolling, Newhan, Corolla, 

and similar soils make up 96 to 100 percent of the mapped areas. 

The Newhan soil does not have a seasonal high water table within a depth of 80 inches. The 

Corolla soil has a seasonal high water table at a depth of 18 to 36 inches for 2 to 6 months in 

most years. The water table in this soil is below a depth of 36 inches for the rest of most years. 

The available water capacity is very low in both soils. Permeability is very rapid. The content of 

organic matter and natural fertility are low. 

Many areas have been used for homesites or commercial development or for recreation. Some 

areas support natural vegetation. In most areas natural vegetation is sparse. It consists of slash 

pine, scrub oak, Chapman oak, myrtle oak, waxmyrtle, saw palmetto, and seaoats and various 

woody shrubs, grasses and herbaceous plants. 

These soils are generally unsuitable for cultivated crops, pasture, and the production of timber 

because of the slope, shifting sands, doughtiness, soil blowing, and salt spray. 

These soils are poorly suited to use as a site for homes, small commercial buildings, and local 

roads and streets. They are generally unsuitable as sites for sanitary landfills and sewage lagoons 

because of the instability of the surface and the potential for pollution. The major limitations are 

soil blowing, the slope, the very rapid permeability, and shifting sands. On sites for septic 

absorption fields, slopes can be reduced by cutting and filling. Limiting development decreases 

the risk of pollution. Absorption fields should not be located near any body of water. Mulching, 

applying fertilizer, and using an irrigation system help to establish landscaping plants and lawn 

grasses. 

If areas of these soils are developed for recreational uses, erosion control measures are needed. 

Access walkways reduce the mortality of dune vegetation caused by foot traffic. The less sloping 

areas can be stabilized by adding mulch, suitable topsoil, or pavement. For any kind of 

development, the natural vegetation should be protected because it is adapted to the soils and 

helps control erosion. Vegetative barriers also help to control soil blowing. 

The capability subclass of the Newhan soil is VIIIs, and that of the Corolla soils is VIIs. No 

woodland ordination symbol is assigned.
Addendum 4--Plant And Animal List

Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 1

Non-Vascular 

Fungus Collybia dryophlia 

Artist’s fungus Ganoderma applanatum 

Haymaker mushroom Psathyrella foenisecii 

Ball lichen Cladina evansii 

Reindeer moss Cladina subtenuis 

Large reindeer moss Cladonia leporine 

Prostrate deer moss Cladonia prostrata 

Tree lichen Parmelium sp. 

Old man’s beard Usnea rubicunda 

Old man’s beard Usnea strigosa 

White moss Leucobryum albidum 

Hair cap moss Polytrichum piliferum 

Sphagnum moss Sphagnum palustre 

Vascular plants by family 

Acanthaceae 

Gulf Swampweed Hygrophila lacustris 

Aceraceae 

Red maple Acer rubrum 

Agavaceae 

Spanish bayonet Yucca aloifolia 

Adam’s needle Yucca filamentosa 

Aizoaceae 

Shoreline seapurslane Sesuvium portulacastrum 

Alismataceae 

Grassy arrowhead Sagittaria graminea 

Bulltongue arrowhead Sagittaria lancifolia 

Amaranthacea 

Cottonweed Froelichia floridana 

Anacardiaceae 

Winged sumac Rhus copallina 

Poison oak Toxicodendron pubescens 

Annonaceae 

Smallflower pawpaw Asimina parviflora 

Apiaceae 

Spadeleaf Centella asiatica 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 2

Rattlesnakemaster Eryngium aquaticum 

Baldwin’s eryngo Eryngium baldwinii 

Largeleaf marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle bonariensis 

Floating marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides 

Manyflower marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle umbellate 

Swamp pennywort Hydrocotyle verticillata 

Mock bishop’s weed Ptilimnium capillaceum 

Roughfruit scaleseed Spermolepis divaricata 

Aquifoliaceae 

Dahoon holly Ilex cassine var. cassine 

Myrtle-leaved holly Ilex cassine var. myrtifolia 

Large sweet gallberry Ilex coriacea 

Gallberry Ilex glabra 

Yaupon holly Ilex vomitoria 

Arecaceae 

Cabbage palm Sabal palmetto 

Saw palmetto Serenoa repens 

Asclepiadaceae 

Purple milkweed Asclepias humistrata 

Savannah milkweed Asclepias pedicellata 

Gulf Coast swallowwort Cynanchum angustifolium 

Asteraceae 

Common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia 

Saltwater falsewillow Baccharis angustiflora 

Silverling Caccharis glomeruliflora 

Groundsel Tree Baccharis halimifolia 

Beggarticks Bidens alba 

Burrmarigold Bidens laevis 

Smallfruit beggarticks Bidens mitis 

Pineland rayless goldenrod Bigelowia nudata 

Bushy seaside oxeye Borrichia frutescens 

Vanillaleaf Carphephorus odoratissimus 

Hairy chaffhead Carphephorus paniculatus 

Narrowleaf goldenaster Chrysopsis linearifolia 

Purple thistle Cirsium horridulum 

Dwarf Canadian horseweed Conyza Canadensis 

Lanceleaf tickseed Coreopsis lanceolata 

Tall tickseed Coreopsis tripteris 

False Daisy Eclipta prostrata 

Smooth elephantsfoot Elephantopus nudatus 

American burnweed Erechtites hieracifolia 

Oak fleabane Erigeron quercifolius 

Prairie fleabane Erigeron strigosus 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 3

Early whitetop fleabane Erigeron vernus 

Dogfennel Eupatorium capillifolium 

Justiceweed Eupatorium leucolepis 

Mohr’s thoroughwort Eupatorium mohrii 

Lateflowering thoroughwort Eupatorium serotinum 

Slender goldenrod Euthamia caroliniana 

Flat-topped goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia 

Narrowleaf yellowtops Flaveria linearis 

Firewheel Gaillardia pulchella 

Narrowleaf purple everlasting Gamochaeta falcate 

Sweet everlasting Gnaphalium obtusifolium 

Scratch daisy Haplopappus divaricatus 

Bitterweed Helenium amarum 

Narrowleaf sunflower Helianthus angustifolius 

Camphorweed Heterotheca subaxillaris 

Coastal plain hawkweed Hieracium megacephalon 

Bigleaf sumpweed Iva frutescens 

Seacoast marshelder Iva imbricata 

Virginia dwarf dandelion Krigia virginica 

Chapman’s blazing star Liatris chapmanii 

Fewflower blazing star Liatris pauciflora 

Godfrey’s blazing star Liatris provincialis 14,15 

Dense blazing star Liatris spicata 

Shortleaf blazing star Liatris tenuifolia 

Hempvine Mikania scandens 

Pineland silkgrass Pityopsis aspera 

Bent-leaf goldenaster Pityopsis flexuosa 8 

Narrow-leaf silkgrass Pityopsis graminifolia 

Grassleaf goldenaster Pityopsis oligantha 

Camphorweed Pluchea camphorata 

Stinking camphorweed Pluchea foetida 

Sweetscent Pluchea odorata 

Rosy camphorweed Pluchea rosea 

Sweet everlasting Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium 

Blackroot Pterocaulon pycnostachyum 

Caronina desert chickory Pyrrhopappus carolinianus 

Whitetop aster Sericocarpus tortiolius 

Wand goldenrod Solidago stricta 

Common goldenrod Solidago canadensis 

Anise scented goldenrod Solidago odora 

Seaside goldenrod Solidago sempervirens 

Spiny sowthistle Sonchus asper 

Silver aster Symphyotrichium concolor 

Ricebutton aster Symphyotrichium dumosum 

Late purple aster Symphyotrichium patens 

Perennial saltmarsh aster Symphyotrichium tenuifolius 

Annual saltmarsh aster Symphyotrichium subulatum 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 4

Bataceae 

Saltwort Batis maritima 

Brassicaceae 

Mustard Brassica juncea 

Coastal searocket Cakile lanceolata 

Virginia pepperweed Lepidium virginicum 

Bromeliaceae 

Spanish moss Tillandsia usneoides 

Cactaceae 

Prickly pear Opuntia humifusa 

Campanulaceae 

Glade lobelia Lobelia glandulosa 

White lobelia Lobelia paludosa 

Venus looking glass Triodanis perfoliata 

Southern rockbell Wahlenbergia marginata 

Caprifoliaceae 

Elderberry Sambucus canadensis 

Caryophyllaceae 

Thymeleaf sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia 

Pinebarren stitchwort Minuartia caroliniana 

Squareflower Paronychia erecta 

Trailing pearlwort Sagina decumbens 

Pineland scalypink Stipulicida setacea 

Chenopodiaceae 

Crested saltbush Atriplex pentandra 

Lamb’s quarters Chenopodium album 

Annual glasswort Salicornia biglovii 

Perennial glasswort Salicornia perennis 

Sea blite Suada linearis 

Chlorophyta 

Sea lettuce Ulva lactuca 

Chrysobalanaceae 

Gopher apple Licania michauxii 

Cistaceae 

Frostweed Helianthemum arenicola 

Georgia frostweed Helianthemum georgianum 

Pinweed Lechea pulchella 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 5

Pineland pinweed Lechea sessiliflora 

Piedmont pinweed Lechea torreyi 

Coastal plain St. John’s-wort Hypericum brachyphyllum 

Roundpod St. John’s-wort Hypericum cistifolium 

St. Peter’s cross Hypericum crux-andreae 

Florida sands St. John’s-wort Hypericum exile 

Sandweed Hypericum fasciculatum 

Pineweed Hypericum gentianoides 

St. Andrew’s cross Hypericum hypercoides 

Flatwoods St. John’s-wort Hypericum microsepalum 

Dwarf St. John’s-wort Hypericum mutilum 

Myrtleleaf St. John’s-wort Hypericum myrtifolium 

Atlantic St. John’s-wort Hypericum reductum 

Pineland St. John’s-wort Hypericum suffruticosum 

Four petal St. John’s-wort Hypericum tetrapetalum 

Stargrass Hypoxis curtissii 

Commelinaceae 

Whitemouth Dayflower Commelina erecta 

Virginia dayflower Commelina virginica 

Spiderwort Tradescantia hirsutiflora 

Bluejacket Tradescantia ohiensis 

Convolvulaceae 

Hedge false bindweed Calystegia sepium 

Compact dodder Cuscuta compacta 

Dodder Cuscuta pentagona 

Tievine Ipomoea cordatotriloba 

Scarlet creeper Ipomoea hederifolia 

Beach morning glory Ipomoea imperati 

Railroad vine Ipomoea pes-caprae 

Cypressvine Ipomoea quamoclit 

Saltmarsh morning glory Ipomoea sagittata 

Cornaceae 

Ogeechee tupelo Nyssa ogeche 

Swamp tupelo Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora 

Cupressacea 

Red cedar Juniperus virginiana 

Cymodoceae 

Manatee grass Syringodium filiforme 

Cyperaceae 

Watergrass Bulbostylis barbata 

Capillary hairsedge Bulbostylis ciliatifolia 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 6

Sandyfield hairsedge Bulbostylis stenophylla 

Ware’s Hairsedge Bulbostylis warei 

Sedge Carex festucacea 

Bristlystalked sedge Carex leptalea 

Jamaica swamp sawgrass Cladium jamaicense 

Baldwin’s flatsedge Cyperus croceus 

Swamp flatsedge Cyperus distinctus 

Yellow nutgrass Cyperus esculentus 

Wiry flatsedge Cyperus filiculmis 

Haspan flatsedge Cyperus haspan 

Epiphytic flatsedge Cyperus lanceolatus 

Leconte’s flatsedge Cyperus lecontei 

Fragrant flatsedge Cyperus odoratus 

Many-spike flatsedge Cyperus polystachyos 

Low flatsedge Cyperus pumilus 

Pinebarren flatsedge Cyperus retrorsus 

Tropical flatsedge Cyperus surinamensis 

Baldwin’s spikerush Eleocharis baldwinii 

Gulf Coast spikerush Eleocharis cellulose 

Slim spikerush Eleocharis elongata 

Yellow spikerush Eleocharis flavescens 

Canada spikerush Eleocharis geniculata 

Sand spikerush Eleocharis montevidensis 

Dwarf spikerush Eleocharis parvula 

Robbin’s spikerush Eleocharis robbinsii 

Three-angle spikerush Eleocharis tricostata 

Spikerush Eleocharis vivipara 

Carolina fimbry Fimbristylis caroliniana 

Forked fimbry Fimbristylis dichotoma 

Marsh fimbry Fimbristylis spadicea 

Saltmarsh umbrella sedge Fuirena breviseta 

Southern umbrella sedge Fuirena scirpoidea 

Baldwin’s beak sedge Rhynchospora baldwinii 

Bunched beak sedge Rhynchospora cephalantha 

Loosehead beaksedge Rhynchospora chalarocephala 

White-top star rush Rhynchospora colorata 

Savannah beak sedge Rhynchospora debilis 

Fascicled beak sedge Rhynchospora fascicularis 

Globe beak rush Rhynchospora globularis 

Slender beak rush Rhynchospora gracilenta 

Gray’s Beaksedge Rhynchospora grayi 

Narrowfruit horned beaksedge Rhynchospora inundata 

Sandyfield beaksedge Rhynchospora megalocarpa 

Southern beaksedge Rhynchospora microcarpa 

Bunched beaksedge Rhynchospora microcephala 

Coastal beaksedge Rhynchospora pleiantha 

Fairy beaksedge Rhynchospora pusilla 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 7

Wright’s beaksedge Rhynchospora wrightiana 

American bulrush Scirpus americanus 

Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus 

Threesquare bulrush Scirpus pungens 

Softstem bulrush Scirpus validus 

Fringed nutrush Scleria ciliate 

Cyrillaceae 

Black titi Cliftonia monophylla 

Swamp cyrilla, white titi Cyrilla racemiflora 

Droseraceae 

Dwarf sundew Drosera brevifolia 

Pink sundew Drosera capillaries 

Spoonleaf sundew Drosera intermedia 41 

Dryopteridaceae 

Sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis 

Ebenaceae 

Common persimmon Diospyros virginiana 

Empetraceae 

Florida rosemary Ceratiola ericoides 

Equistaceae 

Scouring rush Equisetum hyemale 

Ericaceae 

Dwarf huckleberry Gaylussacia dumosa 

Blue huckleberry Gaylussacia frondosa 

Rusty staggerbush, rusty lyonia Lyonia ferruginea 

Staggerbush Lyonia fruiticosa 

Fetterbush Lyonia lucida 

Sparkleberry Vaccinium arboreum 

Blueberry Vaccinium darrowii 

Mayberry Vaccinium elliotii 

Shiny blueberry Vaccinium myrsinites 

Deerberry Vaccinium stamineum 

Eriocaulaceae 

Hat pin Eriocaulon decangulare 

Ravenel’s pipewort Eriocaulon ravenellii 

Euphorbiaceae 

Dixie sandmat Chamaesyce bombensis 

Hyssopleaf sandmat Chamaesyce hyssopifolia 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 8

Tread softly Cnidoscolus stimulosus 

Woolly croton Croton capitatus 

Vente conmigo Croton glandulosus 

Michaux’s croton Croton michauxii 

Fabaceae 

Sticky jointvetch Aeschynomene viscidula 

Mimosa* Albizia julibrissan 

False indigo Amorpha fruiticosa 

Climbing butterfly pea Centrosema virginianum 

Partridge pea Chamaecrista fasiculata 

Sensitive pea Chamaecrista nicitans 

Atlantic pidgeonwings Clitoria mariana 

Lanceleaf rattlebox Crotalaria lanceolata 

Smooth rattlebox Crotalaria pallida 

Rabbitbells Crotalaria rotundifolia 

Showy rattlebox* Crotalaria spectabilis 

Feay’s prairieclover Dalea feayi 

Comun Zarzabacoa Desmodium incanum 

Stiff ticktrefoil Desmodium obtusum 

Coralbean Erythrina herbacea 

Soft milkpea Galactia mollis 

Downey milkpea Galactia volubilis 

Narrowleaf bushclover Lespedeza angustifolia 

Shrubby bushclover Lespedeza bicolor 

Hairy bushclover Lespedeza hirta 

Creeping bushclover Lespedeza repens 

Tall bushclover Lespedeza stuevi 

Tropical puff Neptunia pubescens 

Maryland wild sensitive plant Senna marilandica 

Coffeeweed Senna obtusifolia 

Danglepod Sesbania macrocarpa 

Rattlebox* Sesbania punicea 

Bladderpod Sesbania vesicaria 

Trailing fuzzybean Strophostyles helvola 

Fourleaf vetch Vicia acutifolia 

Common vetch Vicia sativa 

Fagaceae 

Chapman oak Quercus chapmanii 

Sand live oak Quercus geminate 

Bluejack oak Quercus incana 

Turkey oak Quercus laevis 

Laurel oak Quercus laurifolia 

Overcup oak Quercus lyrata 

Dwarf-live oak Quercus minima 

Myrtle oak Quercus myrtifolia 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 9

Water oak Quercus nigra 

Running oak Quercus pumila 

Live oak Quercus virginiana 

Gentianaceae 

Slender marsh pink Sabatia campanulata 

Largeflower marsh pink Sabatia grandiflora 

Rose-of-plymouth Sabatia stellaris 

Geraniaceae 

Carolina cranesbill Geranium carolinianum 

Haemodoraceae 

Redroot Lachnanthes caroliniana 

Haloragaceae 

Parrot feather* Myriophyllum aquaticum 

Loose watermilfoil Myriophyllum laxum 

Mermaidweed Proserpinaca pectinata 

Hydrocharitaceae 

Turtlegrass Thalassia testudinum 

Hypoxidaceae 

Fringed yellow stargrass Hypoxis juncea 

Iridaceae 

Narrowleaf blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium 

Nash’s blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium nashii 

Annual blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium rosulatum 

Jeweled blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium xerophyllum 

Juglandaceae 

Pignut hickory Carya glabra 

Juncaceae 

Tapertip rush Juncus acuminatus 

Toad rush Juncus bufonius 

Leathery rush Juncus coriaceus 

Forked rush Juncus dichotomus 

Soft rush Juncus effuses 

Shore rush Juncus marginatus 

Bighead rush Juncus megacephalus 

Annual rush Juncus pelocarpus 

Needle rush Juncus roemarianus 

Needlepod rush Juncus scirpoides 

Path rush Juncus tenuis 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 10

Redpod rush Juncus trigonocarpus 

Lamiaceae 

Scarlet calamint Calamintha coccinea 

False rosemary Conradina canescens 

Spotted beebalm Monarda punctata 

Lyreleaf sage Salvia lyrata 

Helmut skullcap Scutellaria integrifolia 

Forked bluecurls Trichostema dichotomum 

Lauraceae 

Redbay Persea borbonia 

Swamp bay Persea palustris 

Lentibulariaceae 

Blueflower butterwort Pinguicula caerulea 41 

Small butterwort Pinguicula pumila 

Carolina clover Trifolium carolinianum 

Low hop clover Trifolium dubium 

Crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum 

Horned bladderwort Utricularia cornuta 

Floating bladderwort Utricularia inflata 

Purple bladderwort Utricularia purpurea 

Little floating bladderwort Utricularia radiata 

Zigzag bladderwort Utricularia subulata 

Liliaceae 

False garlic Nothoscordum bivalve 

Loganiaceae 

Rustweed Polypremum procumbens 

Lycopodiaceae 

Foxtail clubmoss Lycopodiella alopecuroides 

Lythraceae 

Toothcups Rotala ramosior 

Magnoliaceae 

Southern magnolia Magnolia grandiflora 

Sweetbay Magnolia virginiana 

Malvaceae 

Saltmarsh mallow Kosteletzkya virginica 

Melastomataceae 

West Indian meadow beauty Rhexia cubensis 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 11

Pale meadow beauty Rhexia mariana 

Maid marian Rhexia nashii 

Handsome harry Rhexia virginica 

Myricaceae 

Southern bayberry Myrica cerifera 

Evergreen bayberry Myrica heterophylla 

Oderless bayberry Myrica inodora 

Nymphaeaceae 

Spatterdock Nuphar advena 

American white waterlily, fragrant Nymphaea odorata 

Oleaceae 

Wild olive Osmanthus americanus 

Onagraceae 

Southern Beeblossom Gaura angustifolia 

Winged primrose willow Ludwigia alata 

Seedbox Ludwigia alternifolia 

Wingleaf primrose willow Ludwigia decurrens 

Anglestem primrose willow Ludwigia leptocarpa 

Seaside primrose willow Ludwigia maritima 

Mexican primrose willow Ludwigia octovalvis

Globefruit primrose willow Ludwigia sphaerocarpa 

Savannah primrose willow Ludwigia virgata 

Narrowleaf evening primrose Oenothera fruticosa 

Seabeach evening primrose Oenothera humifusa 

Cutleaf evening primrose Oenothera laciniata 

Ophioglossaceae 

Bulbous Adder’s-tongue Ophioglossum crotalophoroides 

Orchidaceae 

Greenvein ladiestresses Spiranthes praecox 

Orobanchaceae 

Flaxleaf false foxglove Agalinis linifolia 

Threadleaf false foxglove Agalinis setacea 

Osmundaceae 

Cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea 

Royal fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis 

Oxalidaceae 

Lady’s wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 12

Phytolaccaceae 

American pokeweed Phytolacca Americana 

Pinaceae 

Sand pine Pinus clausa 

Slash pine Pinus elliotii 

Longleaf pine Pinus palustris 

Pond pine Pinus serotina 

Plantaginaceae 

Virginia plantain Plantago virginica 

Plumbaginaceae 

Carolina sea lavender Limonium carolinianum 

Poaceae 

Blue maidencane Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum 

Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii 

Bushy bluestem Andropogon glomeratus 

Hairy bluestem Andropogon longiberbis 

Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus 

Big threeawn Aristida condensata 

Longleaf threeawn Aristida palustris 

Tall threeawn Aristida patula 

Arrowfeather threeawn Aristida purpurescens 

Bottlebrush threeawn Aristida spiciformis 

Wiregrass Aristida stricta 

Southern sandbur Cenchrus echinatus 

Coastal sandbur Cenchrus incertus 

Sand dune sandbur Cenchrus tribuloides 

Downey danthonia Danthonia sericea 

Velvet panicum Dicanthelium scoparium 

Needleleaf witchgrass Dichanthelium aciculare 

Cypress witchgrass Dichanthelium dichotomum 

Southern crabgrass* Digitaria ciliaris 

Saltgrass Distichlis spicata 

Coast cockspur Echinochloa walteri 

Indian goosegrass Eleusine indica 

Virginia wildrye* Elymus virginicus 

Pan-american balsamscale Elyonurus tripsacoides 

Red lovegrass Eragrostis secundiflora 

Saltmarsh fingergrass Eustachys glauca 

Pinewoods fingergrass Eustachys petraea 

Italian ryegrass* Lolium perenne 

Italian ryegrass* Lolium temulentum 

 Muhly hairawn Muhlenbergia capillaries 

Bitter panicgrass Panicum amarum 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 13

Beaked panicgrass Panicum anceps 

Fall panicgrass Panicum dichotomiflorum 

Redtop panicum Panicum rigidulum 

Switchgrass Panicum virgatum 

Knotgrass Paspalum distichum 

Field paspalum Paspalum leave 

Early paspalum Paspalum praecox 

Vaseygrass Paspalum urvillei 

Rose natalgrass Rhynchelytrum repens 

Narrow plumegrass Saccarum baldwinii 

Sugarcane plumegrass Saccarum giganteum 

American cupscale Sacciolepis striata 

Little bluestem grass Schizachyrium scoparium 

Giant bristlegrass Setaria magna 

Yellow bristlegrass Setaria parviflora 

Green bristlegrass Setaria viridis 

Saltmarsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora 

Sand cordgrass Spartina bakeri 

Saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens 

Gulf cordgrass Spartina spartinae 

Smutgrass Sporobolus indicus 

Seashore dropseed Sporobolus virginicus 

Eastern gamma grass Tripsacum dactyloides 

Sea oats Uniola paniculata 

Polygalaceae 

Orange milkwort Polygala lutea 

Candyroot Polygala nana 

Polygonaceae 

Tall jointweed Polygonella gracilis 

Largeleaf jointweed Polygonella macrophylla 1 

Sandhill wireweed Polygonella robusta 

October flower Polygonella polygama 

Dense flower knotweed Polygonum densiflorum 

Mild waterpepper Polygonum hydropiperoides 

Dotted smartweed Polygonum punctatum 

Bog smartweed Polygonum setaceum 

Jumpseed Polygonum virginianum 

Sourdock Rumex hastatulus 

Swamp dock Rumex verticillatus 

Polypodiaceae 

Bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum 

Virginia chain fern Woodwardia virginica 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 14

Pontederiaceae 

Pickerelweed Pontederia cordata 

Portulacaceae 

Little hogweed Portulaca oleracea 

Pink purslane Portulaca pilosa 

Rosaceae 

Common serviceberry Amelanchier arborea 

Red chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia 

Chickasaw plum Prunus angustifolia 

Hog plum Prunus umbellata 

Swamp rose Rosa palustris 

Highbush blackberry Rubus argutus 

Sand blackberry Rubus cuneifolius 

Dewberry Rubus trivialis 

Rubiaceae 

Poor joe Diodia teres 

Virginia buttonweed Diodia virginiana 

Coastal bedstraw Galium hispidulum 

Hairy bedstraw Galium pilosum 

Stiff marsh bedstraw Galium tinctorium 

Innocence Houstonia procumbens 

Flattop mille graines* Oldenlandia corymbosa 

Clustered mille graine Oldenlandia uniflora 

Tropical Mexican clover Richardia brasiliensis 

Diamondflowers Stenaria nigricans 

Widgeon grass Ruppia maritima 

Salicaceae 

Carolina willow Salix caroliniana 

Black willow Salix nigra 

Sapotaceae 

Bully gum Bumelia lanuginosa 

Scrophulariaceae 

Smooth yellow false foxglove Aureolaria flava 

Lemon bacopa Bacopa caroliniana 

Herb-of-grace Bacopa monnieri 

American bluehearts Buchnera americana 

Rough hedgehyssop Gratiola hispida 

Shaggy hedgehyssop Gratiola pilosa 

Branched hedgehyssop Gratiola ramose 

Black senna Seymeria cassioides 

Piedmont black senna Seymeria pectinata 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 15

Smilacaceae 

Earleaf greenbrier Smilax auriculata 

Saw greenbrier Smilax bona-nox 

Cat greenbrier Smilax glauca 

Bamboo vine Smilax laurifolia 

Bullbrier Smilax rotundifolia 

Coral greenbrier Smilax walteri 

Solanaceae 

Christmasberry Lycium carolinianum 

Coastal groundcherry Physalis angustifolia 

Walter’s groundcherry Physalis walteri 

Thelypteridaceae 

Hairy maiden fern Thelipteris hispidula 

Marsh fern Thelipteris palustris 

Turneracea 

Pitted stripeseed Piriqueta cistoides subsp. Caroliniana 

Typhaceae 

Southern cattail Typha domingensis 

Broadleaf cattail Typha latifolia 

Urticacea 

False nettle Boehmeria cylindrical 

Verbenaceae 

Lantana, shrub verbena* Lantana camara 

American beautyberry Callicarpa Americana 

Capeweed, frog’s fruit Phyla nodiflora 

Veronicaceae 

Appalachicola toad-flax Linaria floridana 

Viloaceae 

White bog violet Viola lanceolata 

Vitaceae 

Virginia creeper, woodbine Parthenocissus quinquefolia 

Pepper vine Ampelopsis arborea 

Summer grape Vitis aestivalis 

Catbird grape Vitis palmata 

Muscadine grape Vitis rotundifolia 

Frost grape Vitis vulpine 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for designated species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 16

Xyridaceae 

Yellow-eyed grass Xyris ambigua 

Shortleaf yellow-eyed grass Xyris brevifolia 

Carolina yellow-eyed grass Xyris caroliniana 

Bog yellow-eyed grass Xyris difformis 

Drummiond’s yellow-eyed grass Xyris drummondii 

Elliot’s yellow-eyed grass Xyris elliotii 

Fringed yellow-eyed grass Xyris fimbriata 

Yellow-eyed grass Xyris flabelliformis 

Yellow-eyed grass Xyris jupicai 

Tall yellow-eyed grass Xyris platylepis 

Small’s yellow-eyed grass Xyris smalliana 

Pineland yellow-eyed grass Xyris stricta 

 

 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 17

FISH 

Sea catfish Arius felis 63 

Gafftopsail catfish Bagre marinus 63 

Southern stingray Dasyatis americana 63 

Sand perch Diplectrum formosum 63 

Mojarra Eucinostomus spp. 63 

Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis 63 

Mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki 24,29,46,47,63 

Spot Leiostomus xanthurus 63 

Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus 24,29,46,47 

Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides 24,29,46,47 

Striped mullet Mugil cephalus 63 

White mullet Mugil curema 63 

Southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma 63 

Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus 63 

AMPHIBIANS 

Salamanders 

Eastern tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum 24,26,29 

Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means means 24,26,29 

Southern dusky salamander Desmognathus auriculatus 24,26,29 

Central newt Notopthalmus viredescens louisianensis 24,26,29 

Frogs and Toads 

Florida cricket frog Acris gryllus dorsalis 24,29,46 

Oak toad Bufo quercicus 8,14,15 

Southern toad Bufo terrestris 8,14,15 

Eastern narrowmouth toad Gastrophryne carolinensis shady, wet areas 

Green treefrog Hyla cinerea 8,41 

Pinewoods treefrog Hyla femoralis 8,41 

Squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella 8,41 

Southern chorus frog Pseudacris nigrita 8,41 

Little grass frog Pseudocris ocularis 8,41 

Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana 24,29,46,47 

Pig frog Rana grylio 24,29,46,47 

Southern leopard frog Rana sphenocephala 24,29,46,47 

Eastern spadefoot toad Scaphiopus holbrooki holbrooki 24,29 

REPTILES 

Crocodilians 

American alligator Alligator mississippiensis 24,29,46 

Turtles 

Florida softshell turtle Apalone ferox 46,47 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 18

Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta 77 

Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas 77

Gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus 8, 14, 15 

Striped mud turtle Kinosternon baurii 24,29 

Suwannee cooter Pseudemys concinna suwanniensis 46

Florida redbelly turtle Pseudemys nelsoni 46 

Common musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus 24,29 

Florida box turtle Terrapene carolina 26,41 

Lizards 

Green anole Anolis carolinensis MTC

Six-lined racerunner Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sexlineatus 14,15 

Mole skink Eumeces egregius 7,8 

Southeastern five-lined skink Eumeces inexpectatus 7,8 

Broadhead skink Eumeces laticeps 7,8 

Eastern glass lizard Ophisaurus ventralis 8,15 

Southern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus undulatus 14,15 

Snakes 

Florida cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti MTC 

Southern black racer Coluber constrictor priapus MTC 

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus 8,14,15 

Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon corais couperi 8,14,15 

Corn snake Elaphe guttata guttata 8,15 

Yellow rat snake Elaphe obsoleta quadrivittata MTC 

Eastern hognose snake Heterodon platirhinos 14,15 

Southern hognose snake Heterodon simus 8,14,15 

Eastern kingsnake Lampropeltis getula getula 8,15 

Scarlet kingsnake Lampropeltis triangulum elapsiodes 8

Eastern coachwhip Masticophis flagellum flagellum 8,14,15 

Eastern coral snake Micrurus fulvius fulvius 7,8 

Gulf salt marsh snake Nerodia clarkii clarkii 63 

Southern water snake Nerodia fasciata 24,29,46,47 

Florida water snake Nerodia fasciata pictiventris 24,29,46,47 

Brown water snake Nerodia taxispilota 46,47 

Rough green snake Opheodrys aestivus 8,41 

Dusky pigmy rattlesnake Sistrurus miliarius barbouri MTC 

Eastern garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis MTC 

BIRDS 

Loons 

Common Loon Gavia immer OF 

Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata OF 

Pacific Loon Gavia pacifica OF 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 19

Grebes 

Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps wetlands 

Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus wetlands 

Cormorants 

Double-crested Cormorant Phalocrocorax auritus wetlands, bay 

Darters 

Anhinga Anhinga anhinga wetlands 

Herons and Bitterns 

Great Egret Ardea alba wetlands 

Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias wetlands 

American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus wetlands 

Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis wetlands 

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis wetlands 

Green Heron Butorides virescens wetlands 

Reddish Egret Egretta rufescens wetlands 

Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea wetlands 

Snowy Egret Egretta thula wetlands 

Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor wetlands 

Yellow-crowned night heron Nyctanassa violacea 24,29,46 

Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax 24,29,46 

 

Ibises and Spoonbills 

White Ibis Eudocimus albus wetlands 

Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus OF 

Roseate Spoonbill Ajaia ajaja OF 

Storks & Cranes 

Wood Stork Mycteria americana wetlands 

Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis OF 

Pelicans 

American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos marshes 

Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis bay 

Rails & Gallinules 

Clapper Rail Rallus longirostris saltmarshes 

King Rail Rallus elegans marshes 

Virginia Rail Rallus limicola marshes 

Sora Porzana carolina marshes 

Common Moorhen Gllinula chloropus wetlands 

American Coot Fulica americana wetlands 

Ducks and Geese 

Wood Duck Aix sponsa wetlands 

American Wigeon Anas Americana wetlands 

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 24, 46, 63 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 20

Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus wetlands 

Red-breated merganser Mergus serrator wetlands 

Greater White-fronted Goose Melanitta fusca OF 

Snow Goose Chen caerulescens OF 

Gadwall Anas strepera OF 

Blue-winged Teal Anas discors wetlands 

Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata wetlands 

Northern Pintail Anas acuta OF 

Green-winged Teal Anas crecca wetlands 

Canvasback Aythya valisineria OF 

Redhead Aythya americana wetlands 

Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris wetlands 

Greater Scaup Aythya marila OF 

Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis wetlands 

Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus OF 

Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata bay 

Black Scoter Melanitta nigra bay 

White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca bay 

Bufflehead Bucephala albeola bay 

Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula wetlands 

Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis wetlands 

Hawks, Eagles and Kites 

Cooper’s Hawk Accipiter cooperii MTC, OF 

Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus MTC, OF 

Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis MTC, OF 

Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus MTC, OF 

Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus MTC, OF 

Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus OF 

Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus OF 

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus MTC 

American Kestrel Falco sparverius MTC, OF 

Merlin Falco columbarius MTC, OF 

Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus MTC, OF 

Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississippiensis OF 

Osprey Pandion haliaetus MTC, OF 

Swainson’s Hawk Buteo swainsoni OF 

Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos OF 

Vultures 

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura MTC, OF 

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus MTC, OF 

Turkey and Quail 

Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus 8,41 

Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 8,15 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 21

Snipes and Sandpipers 

Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia 77 

Sanderling Calidris alba 77 

Dunlin Calidris alpina 77 

Western sandpiper Calidris mauri 77 

Least sandpiper Calidris minutilla 77 

Semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla 77

Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus 77 

Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus 77 

Marbled Godwit Limo safedoa 77

American Woodcock Scolopax minor 41,63 

Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria 77 

American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus 77 

American Avocet Recurvirostra americana salt marshes 

Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca salt marshes 

Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes marshes 

Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda OF 

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus OF 

Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus OF 

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres 77 

Red Knot Calidris canutus 77 

Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 77 

Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis OF 

Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago marshes 

Shearwaters 

Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus 77 

Seabirds 

Northern Gannet Sula bassanus OF

Brown Booby Sula leucogaster OF 

Masked Booby Sula dactylatra OF 

Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens OF 

Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus OF 

Gulls 

Herring gull Larus argentatus 77 

Laughing gull Larus atricilla 77 

Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis OF 

Bonaparte’s gull Larus phildelphia 77 

Franklin Gull Larus pipixcan 77 

Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus 77 

Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus 77 

Terns 

Black skimmer Rynchops niger wetlands, bay 

Least tern Sterna antillarum 77 

Sandwich tern Sterna sandvicensis 77 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 22

Royal tern Sterna maxima 77 

Forster’s tern Sterna forsteri 77 

Gull-billed tern Sterna nilotica 77 

Caspian tern Sterna caspia 77 

Common tern Sterna hirundo 77 

Black tern Chlidonias niger 77 

Bridled tern Sterna anaethetus 77 

Sooty tern Sterna fuscata 77 

Plovers 

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres 77 

Snowy plover Charadrius alexandrius 77

Piping plover Charadrius melodus 77 

Semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus 77

Killdeer Charadrius vociferous 77 

Wilson’s plover Charadrius wilsonia 77 

Black bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola 77 

Doves 

Rock Dove Columba livia 81 

Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerina 8 

Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura MTC 

Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto 81 

White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica OF 

Cuckoos 

Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus 7,26 

Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus 7,26,41 

Grove-billed Ani Crotophaga ani OF 

Owls 

Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus MTC 

Eastern Screech Owl Otus asio MTC 

Barred Owl Strix varia MTC 

Barn Owl Tyto alba MTC 

Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca OF 

Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus OF 

Goatsuckers 

Chuck-will's-willow Caprimulgus carolinensis MTC 

Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor OF 

Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus 8,15 

Swifts 

Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica OF 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 23

Hummingbirds 

Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris MTC 

Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus MTC 

Allen’s Hummingbird Selasphorus sasin MTC 

Black-chinned Hummingbird Archilochus alexandri OF 

Calliope Hummingbird Stellula calliope OF 

Kingfishers 

Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon wetlands 

Woodpeckers 

Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus MTC 

Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus MTC 

Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus MTC 

Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus MTC 

Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens MTC 

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius MTC 

Flycatchers

Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens MTC

Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus MTC 

Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe MTC 

Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus MTC 

Yellow-bellied flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris OF 

Ash-throated flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens OF 

Traill’s Flycatcher OF 

Least Flycatcher Empidonax minimus OF 

Say’s Phoebe Sayornis saya OF 

Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus OF 

Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis 7,8 

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus forficatus 7,8 

Vireos 

Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons OF 

White-eyed Vireo Vireo griseus 7,8 

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus 7,8 

Blue-headed Vireo Vireo solitarius OF 

Bell’s Vireo Vireo Bellii OF 

Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus OF 

Black-whiskered Vireo Vireo altiloquus OF 

Jays and Crows 

American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos MTC, OF 

Fish Crow Corvus ossifragus saltmarshes, OF 

Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata MTC 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 24

Martins 

Purple Martin Progne subis OF 

Swallows 

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica MTC, OF 

Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor 7,63 

Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis 7,63 

Bank Swallow Riparia riparia OF 

Cliff Swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota OF 

Titmice 

Tufted Titmouse Baeolophus bicolor MTC 

Carolina Chickadee Poecile carolinensis MTC 

Nuthatches

Brown-headed Nuthatch Sitta pusilla 

Wrens 

Carolina Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus MTC 

House Wren Troglodytes aedon MTC

Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis 7,8,41 

Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris 63 

Gnatcatchers and Kinglets 

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea MTC 

Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula MTC 

Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa MTC 

Thrushes 

Veery Catharus fuscescens MTC

Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus MTC 

Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus MTC

Wood Thrush Catharus mustelinus MTC

Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus MTC, OF

Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis MTC 

American Robin Turdus migratorius MTC 

Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis OF 

Louisiana Waterthrush Seiurus motacilla OF 

Thrashers 

Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis 8, 15 

Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos MTC 

Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum MTC 

Starlings 

European Starling* Sturnus vulgaris 82
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 25

Waxwings 

Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum 7, 63, OF 

Warblers 

Black-throated Blue Warbler Dendroica caerulescens MTC 

Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica castanea MTC 

Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata MTC 

Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor MTC 

Yellow-throated Warbler Dendroica dominica MTC 

Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca MTC 

Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia MTC 

Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum MTC 

Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica MTC 

Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia MTC 

Pine Warbler Dendroica pinus MTC 

Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata MTC 

Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina MTC 

Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens MTC 

Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas MTC 

Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorus MTC 

Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens 8, 15 

Swainson’s Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii MTC 

Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis OF 

Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia MTC 

Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis MTC, OF 

Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus MTC, OF 

Northern Parula Parula americana MTC 

Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea MTC 

Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus MTC 

American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla MTC 

Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata MTC 

Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera MTC

Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina MTC 

Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus MTC 

Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis MTC 

Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina MTC 

Wilson’s Warbler Wilsonia pusilla MTC 

Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla OF 

Black-throated Gray Warbler Dendroica nigrescens OF 

Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea OF 

Tanagers 

Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea OF 

Summer Tanager Piranga rubra 8 

Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana OF 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 26

Sparrows 

Bachman’s Sparrow Aimophila aestivalis 8,41 

Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum 8,41

Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia MTC 

Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis 8,41 

Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca OF 

Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus MTC 

Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus 8,15 

Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina 8,15 

Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla 8,15,41 

White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis 8 

Clay-colored Sparrow Spizella pallida 8,41 

Lark Sparrow Chondestes grammacus 7,8,41 

Lark Bunting Calamospiza melanocorys OF 

Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow Ammodramus nelsoni OF 

Seaside Sparrow Ammodramus maritimus salt marshes 

Lincoln’s Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii OF 

Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana wetlands 

White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys wetlands 

Gold-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla wetlands 

Meadowlarks, Blackbirds and Orioles 

Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus wetlands

Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus MTC

Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus MTC 

Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula MTC

Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius MTC 

Brown-headed Cowbird* Molothrus ater MTC 

Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula 8,41,81 

Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna 8,41 

Dickcissel Spiza americana MTC 

Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus OF 

Boat-tailed Grackle Quiscalus major 77, saltmarshes 

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis 81 

Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus OF 

Cardinals, Grosbeaks, and Buntings 

Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis MTC 

Blue Grosbeak Guiraca caerulea MTC, OF 

Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea 8, 15, 41 

Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus 7,8 

Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis OF 

Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus OF 

Painted Bunting Passerina ciris MTC

Finches 

American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis MTC, OF 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

 Primary Habitat Codes 

Common Name Scientific Name (for all species) 

* Non-native Species A 4 - 27

House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus MTC 

Pine Siskin Carduelis pinus 8,41 

MAMMALS 

Opossum Didelphis virginiana MTC

Shorttailed shrew Blarina carolinensis MTC 

Least shrew Cryptotis parva MTC

Eastern mole Scalopus aquaticus 8,15,41

Eastern pistrelle bat Pipistrellus subflavus. MTC 

Southeastern bat Myotis austroriparius MTC 

Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus MTC

Nine-banded armadillo* Dasypus novemcinctus MTC

Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus 8,41 

Marsh rabbit Sylvilagus palustris 41,26,63

Beaver Castor canadensis wetlands 

Southeastern pocket gopher Geomys pinetis 8,15

Eastern woodrat Neotoma floridana 8,26,41 

Cotton mouse Peromyscus gossypinus 8,15 

Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis MTC 

Hispid cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus 8,15

Coyote* Canis latrans MTC 

Bobcat Felis rufus MTC 

River otter Lutra canadensis marshes, lakes 

Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis MTC 

Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata MTC 

Raccoon Procyon lotor MTC 

Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus MTC 

Florida black bear Ursus americanus floridanus MTC

White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus MTC 
Habitat Codes 

28 

Terrestrial

1. Beach Dune 

2. Bluff 

3. Coastal Berm 

4. Coastal Rock Barren 

5. Coastal Strand 

6. Dry Prairie 

7. Maritime Hammock 

8. Mesic Flatwoods 

9. Coastal Grasslands 

10. Pine Rockland 

11. Prairie Hammock 

12. Rockland Hammock 

13. Sandhill 

14. Scrub 

15. Scrubby Flatwoods 

16. Shell Mound 

17. Sinkhole 

18. Slope Forest 

19. Upland Glade 

20. Upland Hardwood Forest 

21. Upland Mixed Forest 

22. Upland Pine Forest 

23. Xeric Hammock 

Palustrine

24. Basin Marsh 

25. Basin Swamp 

26. Baygall 

27. Bog 

28. Bottomland Forest 

29. Depression Marsh 

30. Dome 

31. Floodplain Forest 

32. Floodplain Marsh 

33. Floodplain Swamp 

34. Freshwater Tidal Swamp 

35. Hydric Hammock 

36. Marl Prairie 

37. Seepage Slope 

38. Slough 

39. Strand Swamp 

40. Swale 

41. Wet Flatwoods 

42. Wet Prairie 

Lacustrine

43. Clastic Upland Lake 

44. Coastal Dune Lake 

45. Coastal Rockland Lake

Lacustrine--Continued 

46. Flatwood/Prairie Lake 

47. Marsh Lake 

48. River Floodplain Lake 

49. Sandhill Upland Lake 

50. Sinkhole Lake 

51. Swamp Lake 

Riverine

52. Alluvial Stream 

53. Blackwater Stream 

54. Seepage Stream 

55. Spring-Run Stream 

Estuarine

56. Estuarine Composite Substrate 

57. Estuarine Consolidated Substrate 

58. Estuarine Coral Reef 

59. Estuarine Grass Bed 

60. Estuarine Mollusk Reef 

61. Estuarine Octocoral Bed 

62. Estuarine Sponge Bed 

63. Estuarine Tidal Marsh 

64. Estuarine Tidal Swamp 

65. Estuarine Unconsolidated Substrate 

66. Estuarine Worm Reef 

Marine

67. Marine Algal Bed 

68. Marine Composite Substrate 

69. Marine Consolidated Substrate 

70. Marine Coral Reef 

71. Marine Grass Bed 

72. Marine Mollusk Reef 

73. Marine Octocoral Bed 

74. Marine Sponge Bed 

75. Marine Tidal Marsh 

76. Marine Tidal Swamp 

77. Marine Unconsolidated Substrate 

78. Marine Worm Reef 

Subterranean

79. Aquatic Cave 

80. Terrestral Cave 

 

Miscellaneous

81. Ruderal 

82. Developed 

MTC Many Types Of Communities 

OF Overflying
Addendum 5—Designated Species List

Rank Explanations For FNAI Global Rank, FNAI State Rank, Federal Status And State Status 

 A 5 - 1 

The Nature Conservancy and the Natural Heritage Program Network (of which FNAI is a part) define an element as 

any exemplary or rare component of the natural environment,such as a species,natural community,bird 

rookery,spring,sinkhole,cave,or other ecological feature. An element occurrence (EO) is a single extant habitat that 

sustains or otherwise contributes to the survival of a population or a distinct,self-sustaining example of a particular 

element. 

Using a ranking system developed by The Nature Conservancy and the Natural Heritage Program Network,the Florida 

Natural Areas Inventory assigns two ranks to each element. The global rank is based on an element's worldwide 

status; the state rank is based on the status of the element in Florida. Element ranks are based on many factors,the 

most important ones being estimated number of Element occurrences,estimated abundance (number of individuals 

for species; area for natural communities),range,estimated adequately protected EOs,relative threat of 

destruction,and ecological fragility. 

Federal and State status information is from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the Florida Game and Freshwater 

Fish Commission (animals),and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (plants),respectively. 

FNAI GLOBAL RANK DEFINITIONS

G1 = Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences or less than 1000 

individuals) or because of extreme vulnerability to extinction due to some natural or man-made 

factor. 

G2 = Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or less than 3000 individuals) or because 

of vulnerability to extinction due to some natural or man-made factor. 

G3 = Either very rare and local throughout its range (21-100 occurrences or less than 10,000 individuals) 

or found locally in a restricted range or vulnerable to extinction of other factors. 

G4 = apparently secure globally (may be rare in parts of range) 

G5 = demonstrably secure globally 

GH = of historical occurrence throughout its range,may be rediscovered (e.g.,ivory-billed woodpecker) 

GX = believed to be extinct throughout range 

GXC = extirpated from the wild but still known from captivity or cultivation 

G#? = tentative rank (e.g.,G2?) 

G#G# = range of rank; insufficient data to assign specific global rank (e.g.,G2G3) 

G#T# = rank of a taxonomic subgroup such as a subspecies or variety; the G portion of the rank refers to 

the entire species and the T portion refers to the specific subgroup; numbers have same definition 

as above (e.g.,G3T1) 

G#Q = rank of questionable species - ranked as species but questionable whether it is species or 

subspecies; numbers have same definition as above (e.g.,G2Q) 

G#T#Q = same as above,but validity as subspecies or variety is questioned. 

GU = due to lack of information,no rank or range can be assigned (e.g.,GUT2). 

G? = not yet ranked (temporary) 

S1 = Critically imperiled in Florida because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences or less than 1000 

individuals) or because of extreme vulnerability to extinction due to some natural or man-made 

factor. 

S2 = Imperiled in Florida because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or less than 3000 individuals) or 

because of vulnerability to extinction due to some natural or man-made factor. 

S3 = Either very rare and local throughout its range (21-100 occurrences or less than 10,000 individuals) 

or found locally in a restricted range or vulnerable to extinction of other factors. 

S4 = apparently secure in Florida (may be rare in parts of range) 

S5 = demonstrably secure in Florida 

SH = of historical occurrence throughout its range,may be rediscovered (e.g.,ivory-billed woodpecker) 

SX = believed to be extinct throughout range 

SA = accidental in Florida,i.e.,not part of the established biota 

SE = an exotic species established in Florida may be native elsewhere in North America 

SN = regularly occurring,but widely and unreliably distributed; sites for conservation hard to determine 

SU = due to lack of information,no rank or range can be assigned (e.g.,SUT2). 

S? = not yet ranked (temporary) 

N = Not currently listed,nor currently being considered for listing, by state or federal agencies. 
Rank Explanations For FNAI Global Rank, FNAI State Rank, Federal Status And State Status 

 A 5 - 2 

LEGAL STATUS

FEDERAL (Listed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service - USFWS) 

LE = Listed as Endangered Species in the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under 

the provisions of the Endangered Species Act. Defined as any species that is in danger of extinction 

throughout all or a significant portion of its range. 

PE = Proposed for addition to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants as Endangered 

Species. 

LT = Listed as Threatened Species. Defined as any species that is likely to become an endangered 

species within the near future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. 

PT = Proposed for listing as Threatened Species. 

C = Candidate Species for addition to the list of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. 

Defined as those species for which the USFWS currently has on file sufficient information on 

biological vulnerability and threats to support proposing to list the species as endangered or 

threatened. 

E(S/A) = Endangered due to similarity of appearance. 

T(S/A) = Threatened due to similarity of appearance. 

STATE

Animals (Listed by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission - FFWCC) 

LE = Listed as Endangered Species by the FFWCC. Defined as a species,subspecies,or isolated 

population which is so rare or depleted in number or so restricted in range of habitat due to any 

man-made or natural factors that it is in immediate danger of extinction or extirpation from the 

state,or which may attain such a status within the immediate future. 

LT = Listed as Threatened Species by the FFWCC. Defined as a species,subspecies,or isolated population 

which is acutely vulnerable to environmental alteration,declining in number at a rapid rate,or 

whose range or habitat is decreasing in area at a rapid rate and as a consequence is destined or 

very likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future. 

LS = Listed as Species of Special Concern by the FFWCC. Defined as a population which warrants special 

protection,recognition,or consideration because it has an inherent significant vulnerability to habitat 

modification,environmental alteration,human disturbance,or substantial human exploitation 

which,in the foreseeable future,may result in its becoming a threatened species. 

Plants (Listed by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services - FDACS)

LE = Listed as Endangered Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of 

plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state,the survival of 

which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue,and includes all species 

determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 

1973,as amended. 

LT = Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species 

native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state,but which have 

not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered. 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

Common Name/ Designated Species Status 

 Scientific Name FDACS USFWS FNAI 

 A 5 - 3 

Spoon-leaf sundew LT G5,S3 

 Drosera intermedia 

Godfrey’s blazing star LE MC G2,S2 

 Liatris provincialis 

Bent golden aster LE MC G3,S3 

 Pityopsis flexuosa 

Large-leaved jointweed LT MC G3,S3 

 Polygonella macrophylla 
Bald Point State Park—Plants 

Common Name/ Designated Species Status 

 Scientific Name FDACS USFWS FNAI 

 A 5 - 4 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

Common Name/ Designated Species Status 

 Scientific Name FFWCC USFWS FNAI 

 A 5 - 5 

REPTILES 

American alligator 

Alligator mississippiensis LS T(S/A) G5,S4 

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake 

Crotalus adamanteus G5,S3 

Eastern indigo snake 

Drymarchon corais cooperi LT LT G4T3,S3 

Gopher tortoise 

Gopherus polyphemus LS G3,S3 

Southern hognose snake 

Heterodon simus G2,S2 

Gulf salt marsh snake 

 Nerodia clarkii clarkii G4T3,S3? 

BIRDS 

Cooper’s hawk 

Accipiter cooperii G4,S3? 

Bachman’s sparrow 

Aimophila aestivalis G3,S3 

Roseate spoonbill 

 Ajaia ajaja LS G5,S2 

Great egret 

Ardea alba G5,S4 

Little blue heron 

Egretta caerulea LS G5,S4 

Snowy egret 

Egretta thula LS G5,S4 

Tricolored heron 

Egretta tricolor LS G5,S4 

Swallow-tailed kite 

Elanoides forficatus G4,S2S3 

White ibis 

Eudocimus albus LS G5,S4 

Merlin 

Falco columbarius G4,SU 

Peregrine falcon 

 Falco peregrinus LE G4,S2 

American Kestrel 

 Falco sparverius LT G5T4,S3 

American oystercatcher 

 Haematopus palliatus LS G5,S2 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

Common Name/ Designated Species Status 

 Scientific Name FFWCC USFWS FNAI 

 A 5 - 6 

Southern bald eagle 

Haliaeetus leucocephalus LT LT G4,S3 

Worm-eating warbler 

Helmitheros vermivorus G5,S1 

Wood stork 

Mycteria americana LE LE G4,S2 

Osprey 

Pandion haliaetus G5,S3S4 

Louisiana waterthrush 

Seiurus motacilla G5,S3 

Least bittern 

 Ixobrychus exilis G5,S4 

Reddish egret 

 Egretta rufescens LS G4,S2 

Yellow-crowned night heron 

 Nyctanassa violacea G5,S3 

Black-crowned night heron 

 Nycticorax nycticorax G5,S3 

Glossy Ibis 

 Plegadis falcinellus G5,S3 

Sandhill crane 

 Grus canadensis LT G5T2T3,S2S3 

Brown pelican 

 Pelecanus occidentalis LS G4,S3 

Clapper rail 

 Rallus longirostris G5T3,S3 

American avocet 

 Recurvirostra americana G5,S2 

Magnificent frigatebird 

 Fregata magnificens G5,S1 

Black skimmer 

 Rynchops niger LS G5,S3 

Least tern 

 Sterna antillarum LT G4,S3 

Sandwich tern 

 Sterna sandvicensis G5,S2 

Royal tern 

 Sterna maxima G5,S3 

Gull-billed tern 

 Sterna nilotica G5,S2 

Caspian tern 

 Sterna caspia G5,S2 

Sooty tern 

 Sterna fuscata G5,S1 

Snowy plover 

 Charadrius alexandrius LT G4,S1 

Piping plover 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

Common Name/ Designated Species Status 

 Scientific Name FFWCC USFWS FNAI 

 A 5 - 7 

 Charadrius melodus LT LT G3,S2 

Wilson’s plover 

 Charadrius wilsonia G5,S2 

Black-whiskered vireo 

 Vireo altiloquus G5,S3 

American redstart 

 Setophaga ruticilla G5,S2 

Painted Bunting 

 Passerina ciris G5,S3 

MAMMALS 

Big brown bat 

 Eptesicus fuscus G5,S3 

Southeastern bat 

 Myotis austroriparius G4,S3 

Florida black bear 

Ursus americanus floridanus LT G5T2,S2 
Bald Point State Park—Animals 

Common Name/ Designated Species Status 

 Scientific Name FFWCC USFWS FNAI 

 A 5 - 8 
Addendum 6—Timber Management Analysis

Bald Point State Park—Timber Management Analysis 

A 6 - 1 

The timber assessment required by Chapters 253 and 259, Florida Statutes, was conducted by 

Florida Park Service, District 1 staff in coordination with the Florida Division of Forestry, Tates 

Hell State Forest. 

Most of the park’s uplands were converted to pine plantation long prior to State acquisition. The 

majority of these planted sites are former mesic and wet flatwoods natural communities. Nearly 

all of the scrubby flatwoods areas located on the St. Joe acquisition parcel were timbered and 

planted as well. With few exceptions, these areas were planted with slash pine, the species of 

pine that most probably dominated this low coastal peninsula. The few naturally occurring pines 

found in the former mesic and wet flatwoods sites have all been slash pine. This is consistent 

with other coastal flatwoods sites in Franklin County, including natural areas located on the 

original Bald Point State Park Tract. Naturally, occurring longleaf pines have only been found in 

slightly higher scrubby flatwoods sites, where they are mixed in with mature sand pine, or 

simply persist as a former component of the original canopy in areas planted over with slash. 

Some level of thinning should be considered for all scrubby flatwoods stands, particularly those 

areas that include planted sand pines. It is unclear whether longleaf was the dominant overstory 

pine in scrubby flatwoods sites or merely a component in a former mixed slash – longleaf 

overstory. However, it is evident that scattered longleaf pines were once more prevalent in some 

of these slightly higher sites. Other “high/dry” sites may have been dominated by a low-oak 

scrub with very little pine overstory. This alone is enough to consider some level of selective 

removal/thinning in order to re-establish areas of low-oak scrub, or open up other areas for 

targeted longleaf reintroduction. Given the small size of the planted pines, a chip harvest is best 

suited for the scrubby flatwoods areas. 

 

The majority of the scrubby flatwoods stands consist of young slash pines with an average dbh 

under 5 inches. A few of the scrubby flatwoods plantation sites near Alligator Point Road (CR370) are a mosaic of slash and sand pine. All of the trees in these stands are roughly 8-10 years 

old. The slash pines are, on average, 15 feet tall, and have an average dbh of 4 inches. The sand 

pines have an average height of 12-15 feet, with an average dbh of 4 inches. All of the scrubby 

flatwoods plantation sites currently have a site density of approximately 450-550 stems per acre. 

All of the mesic and wet flatwoods sites have been planted with slash pine. The majority of the 

stands are young (8-12 years). In general, the average dbh at the time this plan was written was 

roughly 4 inches. Average height within most of the stands was 15-20 feet. 

There are a relatively small number of sites with 15-25 year old slash. Average dbh within these 

areas is 7-9 inches. Average tree height is roughly 30-35 feet. Again, these sites comprise a small 

minority of the planted portions of the park, and nearly all occur in very wet sites where access is 

difficult. 

Most of the mesic and wet flatwoods sites have very heavy understory fuel loads consisting 

chiefly of gallberry, lyonia, titi, palmetto and wax myrtle. The level of fuel loading would result 

in excessive pine mortality if these areas were burned in their current condition. It is therefore 

recommended that site managers consider a large-scale fuel wood thin for the majority of 

accessible stands. A chip harvest of perhaps every other row of trees would serve to disrupt and 

reduce understory fuels, thus making prescribed burning a more controllable and less damaging 

activity. In most areas, this would also serve to re-establish a lower, more natural overstory 

density. Despite being a partial cut, a chipping harvest of this size and magnitude would likely 

provide enough basal area to attract a contractor. Any commercial harvest shall be coordinated 
Bald Point State Park—Timber Management Analysis 

A 6 - 2 

through the DOF. 

Timber removal contracts will include guidelines for access routes, equipment staging, 

acceptable/unacceptable levels of ground disturbance, project timeline and general work 

expectations/requirements. 

Once the planted areas have been thinned, it is recommended that they be managed, essentially, 

as natural areas. These stands should be burned every 2-3 years in order to reduce heavy live fuel 

loads, encourage grasses and forbs and improve wildlife habitat. 

Prepared by: John McKenzie FPS, Steve Jennings DOF 
Addendum 7—Priority Schedule And Cost Estimates

Bald Point State Park—Priority Schedule And Cost Estimates 

* Categories of the uniform cost accounting system not reflected in this addendum, have no schedule or cost 

associated with them. 

A 7 - 1 

Estimates are developed for the funding and staff resources needed to implement the management 

plan based on goals, objectives and priority management activities. Funding priorities for all state park 

management and development activities are reviewed each year as part of the Division’s legislative 

budget process. The Division prepares an annual legislative budget request based on the priorities 

established for the entire state park system. The Division also aggressively pursues a wide range of 

other funds and staffing resources, such as grants, volunteers, and partnerships with agencies, local 

governments and the private sector for supplementing normal legislative appropriations to address 

unmet needs. The ability of the Division to implement the specific goals, objectives and priority 

actions identified in this plan will be determined by the availability of funding resources for these 

purposes. 

Resource Management

 1. Prescribed burning: 

Ground ignition 4-6 burns (300 - 500 acres) per year x 10 years. Average $4,000/year for 

equipment, supplies and maintenance. Subtotal: ................................................ $40,000.00 

 2. Prescribed burning mechanical treatment or line prep, initial interface firelines: 

Subtotal......................................................................................$19,500.00 

 3. Prescribed Burning mechanical treatment or line prep, interface line maintanence every 24 

months. 

Subtotal......................................................................................$45,000.00 

 4. Prescribed burning restoration, aerial ignition 10 year cost: 

Subtotal......................................................................................$40,000.00 

 5. Prescribed burning restoration, aerial ignition machine: 

Subtotal.....................................................................................$17,000.00 

 6. Construction of low water crossings for resource management: 

Estimated cost: Permitting, design and construction. Subtotal: ....................... $131,000.00 

 7. Timber removal planning: 

Estimated cost: Conceptual planning for selective timber removal operations in support of 

natural areas restoration (FPS and DOF personnel). Subtotal: ............................. $3,500.00 

 8. Natural Community management, sand pine plantation mapping survey. 

Subtotal.................................................................................................................. $2,500.00 

 9. Base line water quality analysis: 

Estimated cost: Includes DEP personnel, equipment, lab costs. Subtotal: ........... $2,250.00 

 10. Rare plant surveys: 

Estimated cost: Professional baseline plant survey with GPS/GIS survey/mapping of rare 

plant occurrences (personnel, equipment). Subtotal: ............................................ $7,500.00 

 11. Annual gopher tortoise monitoring: 

Estimated cost: Includes OPS personnel, GPS/GIS equipment, and field equipment. 

Subtotal: .............................................................................................................. $20,000.00 

 12. Annual monitoring of sea turtle nesting activity: 

Estimated cost: Includes OPS personnel, GPS/GIS equipment, and field equipment. 

Subtotal: .............................................................................................................. $60,000.00 
Bald Point State Park—Priority Schedule And Cost Estimates 

* Categories of the uniform cost accounting system not reflected in this addendum, have no schedule or cost 

associated with them. 

A 7 - 2 

 13. Annual exotic plant removal: 

Estimated cost: Includes OPS personnel, herbicides, and equipment. 

Subtotal: ................................................................................................................ $5,000.00 

 14. Macro-invertebrate survey: 

Estimated cost: Includes contracted or OPS personnel and equipment. 

Subtotal: .............................................................................................................. $20,000.00 

 15. Vertebrate survey: 

Estimated cost: Includes contracted or OPS personnel and equipment. 

Subtotal: .............................................................................................................. $20,000.00 

 16. Routine Cultural resource monitoring and management: 

Estimated cost: Includes personnel and equipment. 

Subtotal: .............................................................................................................. $20,000.00 

 17. Cultural resource and landscape management, pre-development archaeological survey of 

new campground: Estimated cost: Contractual services 

Subtotal:........................... .. ......................................................$60,000.00 

 18. Cultural resource and landscape management, pre-development archaeological survey of 

new park drive corridor: Estimated cost: Contractual services 

Subtotal:...... .. ...........................................................................$60,000.00 

 Total Cost: ......................................... $573,250.00 

Visitor Service—Recreation 

 1. To manage newly added park acreage, secure staff or equivalent resources to plan, 

coordinate, initiate and conduct educational and interpretive programs, manage volunteer 

and CSO programs, promote the park, operate the ranger station, and maintain trails, 

campground, restrooms, and primitive campsites: 

Estimated Cost: One time cost of $30,000 x 2 (vehicles) plus recurring costs of $9,915 x 2 

(expense package) and $28,408 x 2 (salary) plus $20,000 (OPS) for 10 years. 

Estimated Cost: $60,000 plus $96,646/year in recurring cost

 Total Cost: ...................................... $1,026,646.00 
Bald Point State Park—Priority Schedule And Cost Estimates 

NOTE: These preliminary cost estimates, based on Divisions standards, do not include costs for site-specific 

elements not evident at the conceptual level of planning. Additional costs should be investigated 

before finalizing budget estimates. All items fall in the new facility construction category © of the 

uniform cost accounting system required by ch. 259.037 F.S. 

A 7 - 3 

Capital Improvements 

Development Area or Facilities Estimated Cost 

Beach Access $446,500.00 

Camping $891,000.00 

Cabins $990,000.00

Interpretive Facilities $48,000.00 

Support Facilities $2,470,000.00 

Trails $285,880.00 

Picnicking & Water Access $914,000.00 

 Total Cost with Contingency:.......................................................... $7,517,956.00 
Bald Point State Park—Priority Schedule And Cost Estimates 

NOTE: These preliminary cost estimates, based on Divisions standards, do not include costs for site-specific 

elements not evident at the conceptual level of planning. Additional costs should be investigated 

before finalizing budget estimates. All items fall in the new facility construction category © of the 

uniform cost accounting system required by ch. 259.037 F.S. 

A 7 - 4 
Additional Information 

FNAI Descriptions

DHR Cultural Management Statement

Descriptions Of Natural Communities Developed By FNAI 

1 

This summary presents the hierarchical classification and brief descriptions of 82 Natural Communities 

developed by Florida Natural Areas Inventory and identified as collectively constituting the original, 

natural biological associations of Florida. 

A Natural Community is defined as a distinct and recurring assemblage of populations of plants, animals, 

fungi and microorganisms naturally associated with each other and their physical environment. For more 

complete descriptions, see Guide to the Natural Communities of Florida, available from Florida 

Department of Natural Resources. 

The levels of the hierarchy are: 

Natural Community Category - defined by hydrology and vegetation. 

Natural Community Groups - defined by landform, substrate, and vegetation. 

Natural Community Type - defined by landform and substrate; soil moisture condition; climate; fire; 

and characteristic vegetation. 

TERRESTRIAL COMMUNITIES 

XERIC UPLANDS

COASTAL UPLANDS

MESIC UPLANDS

ROCKLANDS

MESIC FLATLANDS

PALUSTRINE COMMUNITIES 

WET FLATLANDS

SEEPAGE WETLANDS

FLOODPLAIN WETLANDS

BASIN WETLANDS

LACUSTRINE COMMUNITIES

RIVERINE COMMUNITIES

SUBTERRANEAN COMMUNITIES

MARINE/ESTUARINE COMMUNITIES

Definitions of Terms Used in Natural Community 

Descriptions

TERRESTRIAL - Upland habitats dominated by plants which are not adapted to anaerobic soil conditions 

imposed by saturation or inundation for more than 10% of the growing season. 

XERIC UPLANDS - very dry, deep, well-drained hills of sand with xeric-adapted vegetation. 

Sandhill - upland with deep sand substrate; xeric; temperate; frequent fire (2-5 years); longleaf pine 

and/or turkey oak with wiregrass understory. 

Scrub - old dune with deep fine sand substrate; xeric; temperate or subtropical; occasional or rare fire 

(20 - 80 years); sand pine and/or scrub oaks and/or rosemary and lichens. 

Xeric Hammock - upland with deep sand substrate; xeric-mesic; temperate or subtropical; rare or no 

fire; live oak and/or sand live oak and/or laurel oak and/or other oaks, sparkleberry, saw palmetto. 

COASTAL UPLANDS - substrate and vegetation influenced primarily by such coastal (maritime) 

processes as erosion, deposition, salt spray, and storms. 

Beach Dune - active coastal dune with sand substrate; xeric; temperate or subtropical; occasional or 

rare fire; sea oats and/or mixed salt-spray tolerant grasses and herbs. 

Coastal Berm - old bar or storm debris with sand/shell substrate; xeric-mesic; subtropical or temperate; 

rare or no fire; buttonwood, mangroves, and/or mixed halophytic herbs and/or shrubs and trees. 
Descriptions Of Natural Communities Developed By FNAI 

2 

Coastal Grassland - coastal flatland with sand substrate; xeric-mesic; subtropical or temperate; 

occasional fire; grasses, herbs, and shrubs with or without slash pine and/or cabbage palm. 

Coastal Rock Barren - flatland with exposed limestone substrate; xeric; subtropical; no fire; algae, 

mixed halophytic herbs and grasses, and/or cacti and stunted shrubs and trees. 

Coastal Strand - stabilized coastal dune with sand substrate; xeric; subtropical or temperate; occasional 

or rare fire; dense saw palmetto and/or seagrape and/or mixed stunted shrubs, yucca, and cacti. 

Maritime Hammock - stabilized coastal dune with sand substrate; xeric-mesic; subtropical or 

temperate; rare or no fire; mixed hardwoods and/or live oak. 

Shell Mound - Indian midden with shell substrate; xeric-mesic; subtropical or temperate; rare or no fire; 

mixed hardwoods. 

MESIC UPLANDS - dry to moist hills of sand with varying amounts of clay, silt or organic material; 

diverse mixture of broadleaved and needleleaved temperate woody species. 

Bluff - steep slope with rock, sand, and/or clay substrate; hydric-xeric; temperate; sparse grasses, herbs 

and shrubs. 

Slope Forest - steep slope on bluff or in sheltered ravine; sand/clay substrate; mesic-hydric; temperate; 

rare or no fire; magnolia, beech, spruce pine, Shumard oak, Florida maple, mixed hardwoods. 

Upland Glade - upland with calcareous rock and/or clay substrate; hydric-xeric; temperate; sparse 

mixed grasses and herbs with occasional stunted trees and shrubs, e.g., eastern red cedar. 

Upland Hardwood Forest - upland with sand/clay and/or calcareous substrate; mesic; temperate; rare 

or no fire; spruce pine, magnolia, beech, pignut hickory, white oak, and mixed hardwoods. 

Upland Mixed Forest - upland with sand/clay substrate; mesic; temperate; rare or no fire; loblolly pine 

and/or shortleaf pine and/or laurel oak and/or magnolia and spruce pine and/or mixed hardwoods. 

Upland Pine Forest - upland with sand/clay substrate; mesic-xeric; temperate; frequent or occasional 

fire; longleaf pine and/or loblolly pine and/or shortleaf pine, southern red oak, wiregrass. 

ROCKLANDS - low, generally flat limestone outcrops with tropical vegetation; or limestone exposed 

through karst activities with tropical or temperate vegetation. 

Pine Rockland - flatland with exposed limestone substrate; mesic-xeric; subtropical; frequent fire; south 

Florida slash pine, palms and/or hardwoods, and mixed grasses and herbs. 

Rockland Hammock - flatland with limestone substrate; mesic; subtropical; rare or no fire; mixed 

tropical hardwoods, often with live oak. 

Sinkhole - karst feature with steep limestone walls; mesic-hydric; subtropical or temperate; no fire; 

ferns, herbs, shrubs, and hardwoods. 

MESIC FLATLANDS - flat, moderately well-drained sandy substrates with admixture of organic material, 

often with a hard pan. 

Dry Prairie - flatland with sand substrate; mesic-xeric; subtropical or temperate; annual or frequent fire; 

wiregrass, saw palmetto, and mixed grasses and herbs. 

Mesic Flatwoods - flatland with sand substrate; mesic; subtropical or temperate; frequent fire; slash 

pine and/or longleaf pine with saw palmetto, gallberry and/or wiregrass or cutthroat grass understory. 
Descriptions Of Natural Communities Developed By FNAI 

3 

Prairie Hammock - flatland with sand/organic soil over marl or limestone substrate; mesic; subtropical; 

occasional or rare fire; live oak and/or cabbage palm. 

Scrubby Flatwoods - flatland with sand substrate; xeric-mesic; subtropical or temperate; occasional 

fire; longleaf pine or slash pine with scrub oaks and wiregrass understory. 

PALUSTRINE - Wetlands dominated by plants adapted to anaerobic substrate conditions imposed by 

substrate saturation or inundation during 10% or more of the growing season. Includes non-tidal 

wetlands; tidal wetlands with ocean derived salinities less than 0.5 ppt and dominance by salt-intolerant 

species; small (less than 8 ha), shallow (less than 2 m deep at low water) water bodies without waveformed or bedrock shoreline; and inland brackish or saline wetlands. 

WET FLATLANDS - flat, poorly drained sand, marl or limestone substrates. 

Hydric Hammock - lowland with sand/clay/organic soil, often over limestone; mesic-hydric; subtropical 

or temperate; rare or no fire; water oak, cabbage palm, red cedar, red maple, bays, hackberry, 

hornbeam, blackgum, needle palm, and mixed hardwoods. 

Marl Prairie - flatland with marl over limestone substrate; seasonally inundated; tropical; frequent to no 

fire; sawgrass, spikerush, and/or mixed grasses, sometimes with dwarf cypress. 

Wet Flatwoods - flatland with sand substrate; seasonally inundated; subtropical or temperate; frequent 

fire; vegetation characterized by slash pine or pond pine and/or cabbage palm with mixed grasses and 

herbs. 

Wet Prairie - flatland with sand substrate; seasonally inundated; subtropical or temperate; annual or 

frequent fire; maidencane, beakrush, spikerush, wiregrass, pitcher plants, St. John's wort, mixed herbs. 

SEEPAGE WETLANDS - sloped or flat sands or peat with high moisture levels maintained by downslope 

seepage; wetland and mesic woody and/or herbaceous vegetation. 

Baygall - wetland with peat substrate at base of slope; maintained by downslope seepage, usually 

saturated and occasionally inundated; subtropical or temperate; rare or no fire; bays and/or dahoon holly 

and/or red maple and/or mixed hardwoods. 

Seepage Slope - wetland on or at base of slope with organic/sand substrate; maintained by downslope 

seepage, usually saturated but rarely inundated; subtropical or temperate; frequent or occasional fire; 

sphagnum moss, mixed grasses and herbs or mixed hydrophytic shrubs. 

FLOODPLAIN WETLANDS - flat, alluvial sand or peat substrates associated with flowing water courses 

and subjected to flooding but not permanent inundation; wetland or mesic woody and herbaceous 

vegetation. 

Bottomland Forest - flatland with sand/clay/organic substrate; occasionally inundated; temperate; rare 

or no fire; water oak, red maple, beech, magnolia, tuliptree, sweetgum, bays, cabbage palm, and mixed 

hardwoods. 

Floodplain Forest - floodplain with alluvial substrate of sand, silt, clay or organic soil; seasonally 

inundated; temperate; rare or no fire; diamondleaf oak, overcup oak, water oak, swamp chestnut oak, 

blue palmetto, cane, and mixed hardwoods. 

Floodplain Marsh - floodplain with organic/sand/alluvial substrate; seasonally inundated; subtropical; 

frequent or occasional fire; maidencane, pickerelweed, sagittaria spp., buttonbush, and mixed emergents. 

Floodplain Swamp - floodplain with organic/alluvial substrate; usually inundated; subtropical or 

temperate; rare or no fire; vegetation characterized by cypress, tupelo, black gum, and/or pop ash. 
Descriptions Of Natural Communities Developed By FNAI 

4 

Freshwater Tidal Swamp - river mouth wetland, organic soil with extensive root mat; inundated with 

freshwater in response to tidal cycles; rare or no fire; cypress, bays, cabbage palm, gums and/or cedars. 

Slough - broad, shallow channel with peat over mineral substrate; seasonally inundated, flowing water; 

subtropical; occasional or rare fire; pop ash and/or pond apple or water lily. 

Strand Swamp - broad, shallow channel with peat over mineral substrate; seasonally inundated, 

flowing water; subtropical; occasional or rare fire; cypress and/or willow. 

Swale - broad, shallow channel with sand/peat substrate; seasonally inundated, flowing water; 

subtropical or temperate; frequent or occasional fire; sawgrass, maidencane, pickerelweed, and/or mixed 

emergents. 

BASIN WETLANDS - shallow, closed basin with outlet usually only in time of high water; peat or sand 

substrate, usually inundated; wetland woody and/or herbaceous vegetation. 

Basin Marsh - large basin with peat substrate; seasonally inundated; temperate or subtropical; frequent 

fire; sawgrass and/or cattail and/or buttonbush and/or mixed emergents. 

Basin Swamp - large basin with peat substrate; seasonally inundated, still water; subtropical or 

temperate; occasional or rare fire; vegetation characterized by cypress, blackgum, bays and/or mixed 

hardwoods. 

Bog - wetland on deep peat substrate; moisture held by sphagnum mosses, soil usually saturated, 

occasionally inundated; subtropical or temperate; rare fire; sphagnum moss and titi and/or bays and/or 

dahoon holly, and/or mixed hydrophytic shrubs. 

Coastal Interdunal Swale - long narrow depression wetlands in sand/peat-sand substrate; seasonally 

inundated, fresh to brackish, still water; temperate; rare fire; graminoids and mixed wetland forbs. 

Depression Marsh - small rounded depression in sand substrate with peat accumulating toward center; 

seasonally inundated, still water; subtropical or temperate; frequent or occasional fire; maidencane, fire 

flag, pickerelweed, and mixed emergents, may be in concentric bands. 

Dome Swamp - rounded depression in sand/limestone substrate with peat accumulating toward center; 

seasonally inundated, still water; subtropical or temperate; occasional or rare fire; cypress, blackgum, or 

bays, often tallest in center. 

LACUSTRINE - Non-flowing wetlands of natural depressions lacking persistent emergent vegetation 

except around the perimeter. 

Clastic Upland Lake - generally irregular basin in clay uplands; predominantly with inflows, frequently 

without surface outflow; clay or organic substrate; colored, acidic, soft water with low mineral content 

(sodium, chloride, sulfate); oligo-mesotrophic to eutrophic. 

Coastal Dune Lake - basin or lagoon influenced by recent coastal processes; predominantly sand 

substrate with some organic matter; salinity variable among and within lakes, and subject to saltwater 

intrusion and storm surges; slightly acidic, hard water with high mineral content (sodium, chloride). 

Coastal Rockland Lake - shallow basin influence by recent coastal processes; predominantly barren 

oolitic or Miami limestone substrate; salinity variable among and within lakes, and subject to saltwater 

intrusion, storm surges and evaporation (because of shallowness); slightly alkaline, hard water with high 

mineral content (sodium, chloride). 

Flatwoods/Prairie Lake - generally shallow basin in flatlands with high water table; frequently with a 

broad littoral zone; still water or flow-through; sand or peat substrate; variable water chemistry, but 

characteristically colored to clear, acidic to slightly alkaline, soft to moderately hard water with moderate 
Descriptions Of Natural Communities Developed By FNAI 

5 

mineral content (sodium, chloride, sulfate); oligo-mesotrophic to eutrophic. 

Marsh lake - generally shallow, open water area within wide expanses of freshwater marsh; still water 

or flow-through; peat, sand or clay substrate; occurs in most physiographic regions; variable water 

chemistry, but characteristically highly colored, acidic, soft water with moderate mineral content (sodium, 

chloride, sulfate); oligo-mesotrophic to eutrophic. 

River Floodplain Lake - meander scar, backwater, or larger flow-through body within major river 

floodplains; sand, alluvial or organic substrate; colored, alkaline or slightly acidic, hard or moderately 

hard water with high mineral content (sulfate, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium); mesotrophic to 

eutrophic. 

Sandhill Upland Lake - generally rounded solution depression in deep sandy uplands or sandy uplands 

shallowly underlain by limestone; predominantly without surface inflows/outflows; typically sand 

substrate with organic accumulations toward middle; clear, acidic moderately soft water with varying 

mineral content; ultra-oligotrophic to mesotrophic. 

Sinkhole Lake - typically deep, funnel-shaped depression in limestone base; occurs in most 

physiographic regions; predominantly without surface inflows/outflows, but frequently with connection to 

the aquifer; clear, alkaline, hard water with high mineral content (calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium). 

Swamp Lake - generally shallow, open water area within basin swamps; still water or flow-through; 

peat, sand or clay substrate; occurs in most physiographic regions; variable water chemistry, but 

characteristically highly colored, acidic, soft water with moderate mineral content (sodium, chloride, 

sulfate); oligo-mesotrophic to eutrophic. 

RIVERINE - Natural, flowing waters from their source to the downstream limits of tidal influence and 

bounded by channel banks. 

Alluvial Stream - lower perennial or intermittent/seasonal watercourse characterized by turbid water 

with suspended silt, clay, sand and small gravel; generally with a distinct, sediment-derived (alluvial) 

floodplain and a sandy, elevated natural levee just inland from the bank. 

Blackwater Stream - perennial or intermittent/seasonal watercourse characterized by tea-colored 

water with a high content of particulate and dissolved organic matter derived from drainage through 

swamps and marshes; generally lacking an alluvial floodplain. 

Seepage Stream - upper perennial or intermittent/seasonal watercourse characterized by clear to lightly 

colored water derived from shallow groundwater seepage. 

Spring-run Stream - perennial watercourse with deep aquifer headwaters and characterized by clear 

water, circumneutral pH and, frequently, a solid limestone bottom. 

SUBTERRANEAN - Twilight, middle and deep zones of natural chambers overlain by the earth's crust 

and characterized by climatic stability and assemblages of trogloxenic, troglophilic, and troglobitic 

organisms. 

Aquatic Cave - cavernicolous area permanently or periodically submerged; often characterized by 

troglobitic crustaceans and salamanders; includes high energy systems which receive large quantities of 

organic detritus and low energy systems. 

Terrestrial Cave - cavernicolous area lacking standing water; often characterized by bats, such as 

Myotis spp., and other terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates; includes interstitial areas above standing 

water such as fissures in the ceiling of caves. 

MARINE/ESTUARINE (The distinction between the Marine and Estuarine Natural Communities is often 

subtle, and the natural communities types found under these two community categories have the same 
Descriptions Of Natural Communities Developed By FNAI 

6 

descriptions. For these reasons they have been grouped together.) - Subtidal, intertidal and supratidal 

zones of the sea, landward to the point at which seawater becomes significantly diluted with freshwater 

inflow from the land. 

Consolidated Substrate - expansive subtidal, intertidal and supratidal area composed primarily of 

nonliving compacted or coherent and relatively hard, naturally formed mass of mineral matter (e.g., 

coquina limerock and relic reefs); octocorals, sponges, stony corals, nondrift macrophytic algae, bluegreen mat-forming algae and seagrasses sparse, if present. 

Unconsolidated Substrate - expansive subtidal, intertidal and supratidal area composed primarily of 

loose mineral matter (e.g., coralgal, gravel, marl, mud, sand and shell); octocorals, sponges, stony 

corals, nondrift macrophytic algae, blue-green mat-forming algae and seagrasses sparse, if present. 

Octocoral Bed - expansive subtidal area occupied primarily by living sessile organisms of the Class 

Anthozoa, Subclass Octocorallia (e.g., soft corals, horny corals, sea fans, sea whips, and sea pens); 

sponges, stony corals, nondrift macrophytic algae and seagrasses spares, if present. 

Sponge Bed - expansive subtidal area occupied primarily by living sessile organisms of the Phylum 

Porifera (e.g., sheepswool sponge, Florida loggerhead sponge and branching candle sponge); octocorals, 

stony corals, nondrift macrophytic algae and seagrasses sparse, if present. 

Coral Reef - expansive subtidal area with elevational gradient or relief and occupied primarily by living 

sessile organisms of the Class Hydrozoa (e.g., fire corals and hydrocorals) and Class Anthozoa, Subclass 

Zoantharia (e.g., stony corals and black corals); includes deepwater bank reefs, fringing barrier reefs, 

outer bank reefs and patch reefs, some of which may contain distinct zones of assorted macrophytes, 

octocorals, & sponges. 

Mollusk Reef - substantial subtidal or intertidal area with relief from concentrations of sessile organisms 

of the Phylum Mollusca, Class Bivalvia (e.g., molluscs, oysters, & worm shells); octocorals, sponges, stony 

corals, macrophytic algae and seagrasses sparse, if present. 

Worm Reef - substantial subtidal or intertidal area with relief from concentrations of sessile, tubicolous 

organisms of the Phylum Annelida, Class Polychaeta (e.g., chaetopterids and sabellarids); octocorals, 

sponges, stony corals, macrophytic algae and seagrasses sparse, if present. 

Algal Bed - expansive subtidal, intertidal or supratidal area, occupied primarily by attached thallophytic 

or mat-forming prokaryotic algae (e.g, halimeda, blue-green algae); octocorals, sponges, stony corals 

and seagrasses sparse, if present. 

Grass Bed - expansive subtidal or intertidal area, occupied primarily by rooted vascular macrophytes, 

(e.g., shoal grass, halophila, widgeon grass, manatee grass and turtle grass); may include various 

epiphytes and epifauna; octocorals, sponges, stony corals, and attached macrophytic algae sparse, if 

present. 

Composite Substrate - expansive subtidal, intertidal, or supratidal area, occupied primarily by Natural 

Community elements from more than one Natural Community category (e.g., Grass Bed and Algal Bed 

species; Octocoral and Algal Bed species); includes both patchy and evenly distributed occurrences. 

Tidal Marsh - expansive intertidal or supratidal area occupied primarily by rooted, emergent vascular 

macrophytes (e.g., cord grass, needlerush, saw grass, saltwort, saltgrass and glasswort); may include 

various epiphytes and epifauna. 

Tidal Swamp - expansive intertidal and supratidal area occupied primarily by woody vascular 

macrophytes (e.g., black mangrove, buttonwood, red mangrove, and white mangrove); may include 

various epiphytes and epifauna. 
Descriptions Of Natural Communities Developed By FNAI 

7 

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Terrestrial and Palustrine Natural Communities

Physiography 

Upland - high area in region with significant topographic relief; generally undulating 

Lowland - low area in region with or without significant topographic relief; generally flat to gently 

sloping 

Flatland - generally level area in region without significant topographic relief; flat to gently sloping 

Basin - large, relatively level lowland with slopes confined to the perimeter or isolated interior locations 

Depression - small depression with sloping sides, deepest in center and progressively shallower towards 

the perimeter 

Floodplain - lowland adjacent to a stream; topography influenced by recent fluvial processes 

Bottomland - lowland not on active floodplain; sand/clay/organic substrate 

Hydrology 

occasionally inundated - surface water present only after heavy rains and/or during flood stages 

seasonally inundated - surface water present during wet season and flood periods 

usually inundated - surface water present except during droughts 

Climatic Affinity of the Flora

tropical - community generally occurs in practically frost-free areas 

subtropical - community generally occurs in areas that experience occasional frost, but where freezing 

temperatures are not frequent enough to cause true winter dormancy 

temperate - community generally occurs in areas that freeze often enough that vegetation goes into 

winter dormancy 

Fire

annual fire - burns about every 1-2 years 

frequent fire - burns about every 3-7 years 

occasional fire - burns about every 8-25 years 

rare fire - burns about every 26-100 years 

no fire - community develops only when site goes more than 100 years without burning 
Descriptions Of Natural Communities Developed By FNAI 

8 

LATIN NAMES OF PLANTS MENTIONED IN NATURAL COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS 

anise - Illicium floridanum 

bays: 

 swamp bay -Persea palustris 

 gordonia -Gordonia lasianthus 

 sweetbay -Magnolia virgiana 

beakrush - Rhynchospora spp. 

beech - Fagus grandifolia 

blackgum - Nyssa biflora 

blue palmetto - Sabal minor 

bluestem - Andropogon spp. 

buttonbush - Cephalanthus occidentalis 

cabbage palm - Sabal palmetto 

cacti - Opuntia and Harrisia spp., 

 predominantly stricta and pentagonus 

cane - Arundinaria gigantea or A. tecta 

cattail - Typha spp. 

cedars: 

 red cedar - Juniperus silicicola 

 white cedar - Chamaecyparis thyoides or 

C. henryi 

cladonia - Cladonia spp. 

cypress - Taxodium distichum 

dahoon holly - Ilex cassine 

diamondleaf oak - Quercus laurifolia 

fire flag - Thalia geniculata 

Florida maple - Acer barbatum 

gallberry - Ilex glabra 

gums: 

 tupelo - Nyssa aquatica 

 blackgum - Nyssa biflora 

 Ogeechee gum - Nyssa ogeche 

hackberry - Celtis laevigata 

hornbeam - Carpinus caroliniana 

laurel oak - Quercus hemisphaerica 

live oak - Quercus virginiana 

loblolly pine - Pinus taeda 

longleaf pine - Pinus palustris 

magnolia - Magnolia grandiflora 

maidencane - Panicum hemitomon 

needle palm - Rhapidophyllum hystrix 

overcup oak - Quercus lyrata 

pickerel weed - Pontederia cordata or P. lanceolata 

pignut hickory - Carya glabra 

pop ash - Fraxinus caroliniana 

pond apple - Annona glabra 

pond pine - Pinus serotina 

pyramid magnolia - Magnolia pyramidata 

railroad vine - Ipomoea pes-caprae 

red cedar - Juniperus silicicola 

red maple - Acer rubrum 

red oak - Quercus falcata 

rosemary - Ceratiola ericoides 

sagittaria - Sagittaria lancifolia 

sand pine - Pinus clausa 

saw palmetto - Serenoa repens 

sawgrass - Cladium jamaicensis 

scrub oaks - Quercus geminata, Q. chapmanii, Q. 

myrtifolia,Q. inopina 

sea oats - Uniola paniculata 

seagrape - Coccoloba uvifera 

shortleaf pine - Pinus echinata 

Shumard oak - Quercus shumardii 

slash pine - Pinus elliottii 

sphagnum moss - Sphagnum spp. 

spikerush - Eleocharis spp. 

spruce pine - Pinus glabra 

St. John's wort - Hypericum spp. 

swamp chestnut oak - Quercus prinus 

sweetgum - Liquidambar styraciflua 

titi - Cyrilla racemiflora, and Cliftonia monophylla 

tuliptree - Liriodendron tulipfera 

tupelo - Nyssa aquatica 

turkey oak - Quercus laevis 

water oak - Quercus nigra 

waterlily - Nymphaea odorata 

white cedar - Chamaecyparis thyoides 

white oak - Quercus alba 

willow - Salix caroliniana 

yucca - Yucca aloifolia 
Management Procedures For Archaeological And Historical Sites And Properties 

On State-Owned Or Controlled Lands (Revised August, 1995) 

9 

A. GENERAL DISCUSSION

Archaeological and historic sites are defined collectively in 267.021(3), F.S., as "historic properties" or 

"historic resources." They have several essential characteristics that must be recognized in a 

management program. 

 

First of all, they are a finite and non-renewable resource. Once destroyed, presently existing resources, 

including buildings, other structures, shipwreck remains, archaeological sites and other objects of 

antiquity, cannot be renewed or revived. Today, sites in the State of Florida are being destroyed by all 

kinds of land development, inappropriate land management practices, erosion, looting, and to a minor 

extent even by well-intentioned professional scientific research (e.g., archaeological excavation). 

Measures must be taken to ensure that some of these resources will be preserved for future study and 

appreciation. 

Secondly, sites are unique because individually they represent the tangible remains of events that 

occurred at a specific time and place. 

 

Thirdly, while sites uniquely reflect localized events, these events and the origin of particular sites are 

related to conditions and events in other times and places. Sites can be understood properly only in 

relation to their natural surroundings and the activities of inhabitants of other sites. Managers must be 

aware of this "systemic" character of historic and archaeological sites. Also, it should be recognized that 

archaeological sites are time capsules for more than cultural history; they preserve traces of past biotic 

communities, climate, and other elements of the environment that may be of interest to other scientific 

disciplines. 

 

Finally, the significance of sites, particularly archaeological ones, derives not only from the individual 

artifacts within them, but equally from the spatial arrangement of those artifacts in both horizontal and 

vertical planes. When archaeologists excavate, they recover, not merely objects, but also a record of the 

positions of these objects in relation to one another and their containing matrix (e.g., soil strata). Much 

information is sacrificed if the so-called "context" of archaeological objects is destroyed or not recovered, 

and this is what archaeologists are most concerned about when a site is threatened with destruction or 

damage. The artifacts themselves can be recovered even after a site is heavily disturbed, but the context 

-- the vertical and horizontal relationships -- cannot. Historic structures also contain a wealth of cultural 

(socio-economic) data that can be lost if historically sensitive maintenance, restoration or rehabilitation 

procedures are not implemented, or if they are demolished or extensively altered without appropriate 

documentation. Lastly, it should not be forgotten that historic structures often have associated 

potentially significant historic archaeological features that must be considered in land management 

decisions. 

B. STATUTORY AUTHORITY

Chapter 253, Florida Statutes ("State Lands") directs the preparation of "single-use" or "multiple-use" 

land management plans for all state-owned lands and state-owned sovereignty submerged lands. In this 

document, 253.034(4), F.S., specifically requires that "all management plans, whether for single-use or 

multiple-use properties, shall specifically describe how the managing agency plans to identify, locate, 

protect and preserve, or otherwise use fragile non-renewable resources, such as archaeological and 

historic sites, as well as other fragile resources..." 

 

Chapter 267, Florida Statutes is the primary historic preservation authority of the state. The importance 

of protecting and interpreting archaeological and historic sites is recognized in 267.061(1)(a), F.S.:The 

rich and unique heritage of historic properties in this state, representing more than 10,000 years of 

human presence, is an important legacy to be valued and conserved for present and future generations. 

The destruction of these nonrenewable historic resources will engender a significant loss to the state's 

quality of life, economy, and cultural environment. It is therefore declared to be state policy to: 
Management Procedures For Archaeological And Historical Sites And Properties 

On State-Owned Or Controlled Lands (Revised August, 1995) 

10 

1. Provide leadership in the preservation of the state's historic resources; [and] 

2. Administer state-owned or state-controlled historic resources in a spirit of stewardship and 

trusteeship;... 

Responsibilities of the Division of Historical Resources in the Department of State pursuant to 267.061(3), 

F.S., include the following: 

 

1. Cooperate with federal and state agencies, local Governments, and private organizations and 

individuals to direct and conduct a comprehensive statewide survey of historic resources and to 

maintain an inventory of such responses. 

2. Develop a comprehensive statewide historic preservation plan. 

3. Identify and nominate eligible properties to the National Register of Historic Places and otherwise 

administer applications for listing properties in the National Register of Historic Places. 

4. Cooperate with federal and state agencies, local governments, and organizations and individuals to 

ensure that historic resources are taken into consideration at all levels of planning and development. 

5. Advise and assist, as appropriate, federal and state agencies and local governments in carrying out 

their historic preservation responsibilities and programs. 

6. Carry out on behalf of the state the programs of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as 

amended, and to establish, maintain, and administer a state historic preservation program meeting 

the requirements of an approved program and fulfilling the responsibilities of state historic 

preservation programs as provided in subsection 101(b) of that act. 

7. Take such other actions necessary or appropriate to locate, acquire, protect, preserve, operate, 

interpret, and promote the location, acquisition, protection, preservation, operation, and 

interpretation of historic resources to foster an appreciation of Florida history and culture. Prior to 

the acquisition, preservation, interpretation, or operation of a historic property by a state agency, 

the Division shall be provided a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on the proposed 

undertaking and shall determine that there exists historic authenticity and a feasible means of 

providing for the preservation, interpretation and operation of such property. 

8. Establish professional standards for the preservation, exclusive of acquisition, of historic resources in 

state ownership or control. 

9. Establish guidelines for state agency responsibilities under subsection (2). 

Responsibilities of other state agencies of the executive branch, pursuant to 267.061(2), F.S., include: 

 

1. Each state agency of the executive branch having direct or indirect jurisdiction over a proposed state 

or state-assisted undertaking shall, in accordance with state policy and prior to the approval of 

expenditure of any state funds on the undertaking, consider the effect of the undertaking on any 

historic property that is included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register of Historic 

Places. Each such agency shall afford the division a reasonable opportunity to comment with regard 

to such an undertaking. 

2. Each state agency of the executive branch shall initiate measures in consultation with the division to 

assure that where, as a result of state action or assistance carried out by such agency, a historic 

property is to be demolished or substantially altered in a way that adversely affects the character, 

form, integrity, or other qualities that contribute to [the] historical, architectural, or archaeological 

value of the property, timely steps are taken to determine that no feasible and prudent alternative to 

the proposed demolition or alteration exists, and, where no such alternative is determined to exist, 

to assure that timely steps are taken either to avoid or mitigate the adverse effects, or to undertake 

an appropriate archaeological salvage excavation or other recovery action to document the property 

as it existed prior to demolition or alteration. 

3. In consultation with the division [of Historical Resources], each state agency of the executive branch 

shall establish a program to locate, inventory, and evaluate all historic properties under the agency's 

ownership or control that appear to qualify for the National Register. Each such agency shall 

exercise caution to assure that any such historic property is not inadvertently transferred, sold, 

demolished, substantially altered, or allowed to deteriorate significantly. 
Management Procedures For Archaeological And Historical Sites And Properties 

On State-Owned Or Controlled Lands (Revised August, 1995) 

11 

4. Each state agency of the executive branch shall assume responsibility for the preservation of historic 

resources that are owned or controlled by such agency. Prior to acquiring, constructing, or leasing 

buildings for the purpose of carrying out agency responsibilities, the agency shall use, to the 

maximum extent feasible, historic properties available to the agency. Each agency shall undertake, 

consistent with preservation of such properties, the mission of the agency, and the professional 

standards established pursuant to paragraph (3)(k), any preservation actions necessary to carry out 

the intent of this paragraph. 

5. Each state agency of the executive branch, in seeking to acquire additional space through new 

construction or lease, shall give preference to the acquisition or use of historic properties when such 

acquisition or use is determined to be feasible and prudent compared with available alternatives. 

The acquisition or use of historic properties is considered feasible and prudent if the cost of 

purchase or lease, the cost of rehabilitation, remodeling, or altering the building to meet compliance 

standards and the agency's needs, and the projected costs of maintaining the building and providing 

utilities and other services is less than or equal to the same costs for available alternatives. The 

agency shall request the division to assist in determining if the acquisition or use of a historic 

property is feasible and prudent. Within 60 days after making a determination that additional space 

is needed, the agency shall request the division to assist in identifying buildings within the 

appropriate geographic area that are historic properties suitable for acquisition or lease by the 

agency, whether or not such properties are in need of repair, alteration, or addition. 

6. Consistent with the agency's mission and authority, all state agencies of the executive branch shall 

carry out agency programs and projects, including those under which any state assistance is 

provided, in a manner which is generally sensitive to the preservation of historic properties and shall 

give consideration to programs and projects which will further the purposes of this section. 

Section 267.12 authorizes the Division to establish procedures for the granting of research permits for 

archaeological and historic site survey or excavation on state-owned or controlled lands, while Section 

267.13 establishes penalties for the conduct of such work without first obtaining written permission from 

the Division of Historical Resources. The Rules of the Department of State, Division of Historical 

Resources, for research permits for archaeological sites of significance are contained in Chapter 1A-32, 

F.A.C. 

 

Another Florida Statute affecting land management decisions is Chapter 872, F.S. Section 872.02, F.S., 

pertains to marked grave sites, regardless of age. Many state-owned properties contain old family and 

other cemeteries with tombstones, crypts, etc. Section 872.05, F.S., pertains to unmarked human burial 

sites, including prehistoric and historic Indian burial sites. Unauthorized disturbance of both marked and 

unmarked human burial site is a felony. 

C. MANAGEMENT POLICY

 

The choice of a management policy for archaeological and historic sites within state-owned or controlled 

land obviously depends upon a detailed evaluation of the characteristics and conditions of the individual 

sites and groups of sites within those tracts. This includes an interpretation of the significance (or 

potential significance) of these sites, in terms of social and political factors, as well as environmental 

factors. Furthermore, for historic structures architectural significance must be considered, as well as any 

associated historic landscapes. 

Sites on privately owned lands are especially vulnerable to destruction, since often times the economic 

incentives for preservation are low compared to other uses of the land areas involved. Hence, sites in 

public ownership have a magnified importance, since they are the ones with the best chance of survival 

over the long run. This is particularly true of sites that are state-owned or controlled, where the basis of 

management is to provide for land uses that are minimally destructive of resource values. 

 

It should be noted that while many archaeological and historical sites are already recorded within state--

owned or controlled--lands, the majority of the uplands areas and nearly all of the inundated areas have 
Management Procedures For Archaeological And Historical Sites And Properties 

On State-Owned Or Controlled Lands (Revised August, 1995) 

12 

not been surveyed to locate and assess the significance of such resources. The known sites are, thus, 

only an incomplete sample of the actual resources - i.e., the number, density, distribution, age, character 

and condition of archaeological and historic sites - on these tracts. Unfortunately, the lack of specific 

knowledge of the actual resources prevents formulation of any sort of detailed management or use plan 

involving decisions about the relative historic value of individual sites. For this reason, a generalized 

policy of conservation is recommended until the resources have been better addressed. 

 

The generalized management policy recommended by the Division of Historical Resources includes the 

following: 

1. State land managers shall coordinate all planned activities involving known archaeological or historic 

sites or potential site areas closely with the Division of Historical Resources in order to prevent any 

kind of disturbance to significant archaeological or historic sites that may exist on the tract. Under 

267.061(1)(b), F.S., the Division of Historical Resources is vested with title to archaeological and 

historic resources abandoned on state lands and is responsible for administration and protection of 

such resources. The Division will cooperate with the land manager in the management of these 

resources. Furthermore, provisions of 267.061(2) and 267.13, F.S., combined with those in 

267.061(3) and 253.034(4), F.S., require that other managing (or permitting) agencies coordinate 

their plans with the Division of Historical Resources at a sufficiently early stage to preclude 

inadvertent damage or destruction to known or potentially occurring, presently unknown 

archaeological and historic sites. The provisions pertaining to human burial sites must also be 

followed by state land managers when such remains are known or suspected to be present (see 

872.02 and 872.05, F.S., and 1A-44, F.A.C.) 

2. Since the actual resources are so poorly known, the potential impact of the managing agency's 

activities on historic archaeological sites may not be immediately apparent. Special field survey for 

such sites may be required to identify the potential endangerment as a result of particular 

management or permitting activities. The Division may perform surveys, as its resources permit, to 

aid the planning of other state agencies in their management activities, but outside archaeological 

consultants may have to be retained by the managing agency. This would be especially necessary in 

the cases of activities contemplating ground disturbance over large areas and unexpected 

occurrences. It should be noted, however, that in most instances Division staff's knowledge of 

known and expected site distribution is such that actual field surveys may not be necessary, and the 

project may be reviewed by submitting a project location map (preferably a 7.5 minute U.S.G.S. 

Quadrangle map or portion thereof) and project descriptive data, including detailed construction 

plans. To avoid delays, Division staff should be contacted to discuss specific project documentation 

review needs. 

3. In the case of known significant sites, which may be affected by proposed project activities, the 

managing agency will generally be expected to alter proposed management or development plans, 

as necessary, or else make special provisions to minimize or mitigate damage to such sites. 

4. If in the course of management activities, or as a result of development or the permitting of dredge 

activities (see 403.918(2)(6)a, F.S.), it is determined that valuable historic or archaeological sites will 

be damaged or destroyed, the Division reserves the right, pursuant to 267.061(1)(b), F.S., to require 

salvage measures to mitigate the destructive impact of such activities to such sites. Such salvage 

measures would be accomplished before the Division would grant permission for destruction of the 

affected site areas. The funding needed to implement salvage measures would be the responsibility 

of the managing agency planning the site destructive activity. Mitigation of historic structures at a 

minimum involves the preparation of measured drawings and documentary photographs. Mitigation 

of archaeological resources involves the excavation, analysis and reporting of the project findings 

and must be planned to occur sufficiently in advance to avoid project construction delays. If these 

services are to be contracted by the state agency, the selected consultant will need to obtain an 

Archaeological Research Permit from the Division of Historical Resources, Bureau of Archaeological 

Research (see 267.12, F.S. and Rules 1A-32 and 1A-46 F.A.C.). 

5. For the near future, excavation of non-endangered (i.e., sites not being lost to erosion or 

development) archaeological site is discouraged. There are many endangered sites in Florida (on 
Management Procedures For Archaeological And Historical Sites And Properties 

On State-Owned Or Controlled Lands (Revised August, 1995) 

13 

both private and public lands) in need of excavation because of the threat of development or other 

factors. Those within state-owned or controlled lands should be left undisturbed for the present - 

with particular attention devoted to preventing site looting by "treasure hunters". On the other 

hand, the archaeological and historic survey of these tracts is encouraged in order to build an 

inventory of the resources present, and to assess their scientific research potential and historic or 

architectural significance. 

6. The cooperation of land managers in reporting sites to the Division that their field personnel may 

discover is encouraged. The Division will help inform field personnel from other resource managing 

agencies about the characteristics and appearance of sites. The Division has initiated a cultural 

resource management training program to help accomplish this. Upon request the Division will also 

provide to other agencies archaeological and historical summaries of the known and potentially 

occurring resources so that information may be incorporated into management plans and public 

awareness programs (See Management Implementation). 

7. Any discovery of instances of looting or unauthorized destruction of sites must be reported to the 

agent for the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund and the Division so that 

appropriate action may be initiated. When human burial sites are involved, the provisions of 872.02 

and 872.05, F. S. and Rule 1A-44, F.A.C., as applicable, must also be followed. Any state agent with 

law enforcement authority observing individuals or groups clearly and incontrovertibly vandalizing, 

looting or destroying archaeological or historic sites within state-owned or controlled lands without 

demonstrable permission from the Division will make arrests and detain those individuals or groups 

under the provisions of 267.13, 901.15, and 901.21, F.S., and related statutory authority pertaining 

to such illegal activities on state-owned or controlled lands. County Sheriffs' officers are urged to 

assist in efforts to stop and/or prevent site looting and destruction. 

 

In addition to the above management policy for archaeological and historic sites on state-owned land, 

special attention shall be given to those properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places and 

other significant buildings. The Division recommends that the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for 

Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings (Revised 1990) be followed for such 

sites. 

The following general standards apply to all treatments undertaken on historically significant properties. 

 

1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal 

change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. 

2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic 

materials or alterations of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided. 

3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place and use. Changes that 

create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural 

elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken. 

4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their 

own right shall be retained and preserved. 

5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that 

characterize a historic property shall be preserved. 

6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of 

deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in 

design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of 

missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. 

7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall 

not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the 

gentlest means possible. 

8. Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such 

resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken. 

9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy materials that 

characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be 
Management Procedures For Archaeological And Historical Sites And Properties 

On State-Owned Or Controlled Lands (Revised August, 1995) 

14 

compatible with the massing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of 

the property and its environment. 

10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if 

removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment 

would be unimpaired. (see Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for 

Rehabilitating Historic Buildings [Revised 1990]). 

The Division of Historical Resources staff are available for technical assistance for any of the above listed 

topics. It is encouraged that such assistance be sought as early as possible in the project planning. 

D. MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION

 

As noted earlier, 253.034(4), F.S., states that "all management plans, whether for single-use or multipleuse properties, shall specifically describe how the managing agency plans to identify, locate, protect and 

preserve, or otherwise use fragile non-renewable resources, such as archaeological and historic sites..." 

The following guidelines should help to fulfill that requirement. 

1. All land managing agencies should contact the Division and send U.S.G.S. 7.5 minute quadrangle 

maps outlining the boundaries of their various properties. 

2. The Division will in turn identify site locations on those maps and provide descriptions for known 

archaeological and historical sites to the managing agency. 

3. Further, the Division may also identify on the maps areas of high archaeological and historic site 

location probability within the subject tract. These are only probability zones, and sites may be 

found outside of these areas. Therefore, actual ground inspections of project areas may still be 

necessary. 

4. The Division will send archaeological field recording forms and historic structure field recording 

forms to representatives of the agency to facilitate the recording of information on such resources. 

5. Land managers will update information on recorded sites and properties. 

6. Land managers will supply the Division with new information as it becomes available on previously 

unrecorded sites that their staff locate. The following details the kind of information the Division 

wishes to obtain for any new sites or structures that the land managers may report: 

A. Historic Sites

(1) Type of structure (dwelling, church, factory, etc.). 

(2) Known or estimated age or construction date for each structure and addition. 

(3) Location of building (identify location on a map of the property, and building placement, i.e., 

detached, row, etc.). 

(4) General Characteristics: (include photographs if possible) overall shape of plan (rectangle, "L" 

"T" "H" "U", etc.); number of stories; number of vertical divisions of bays; construction 

materials (brick, frame, stone, etc.); wall finish (kind of bond, coursing, shingle, etc.); roof 

shape. 

(5) Specific features including location, number and appearance of: 

(a) Important decorative elements; 

(b) Interior features contributing to the character of the building; 

(c) Number, type, and location of outbuildings, as well as date(s) of construction; 

(d) Notation if property has been moved; 

(e) Notation of known alterations to building. 

B. Archaeological Sites

(1) Site location (written narrative and mapped location). 

(2) Cultural affiliation and period. 

(3) Site type (midden, burial mound, artifact scatter, building rubble, etc.). 
Management Procedures For Archaeological And Historical Sites And Properties 

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(4) Threats to site (deterioration, vandalism, etc.). 

(5) Site size (acreage, square meters, etc.). 

(6) Artifacts observed on ground surface (pottery, bone, glass, etc.). 

(7) Description of surrounding environment. 

7. No land disturbing activities should be undertaken in areas of known archaeological or historic sites 

or areas of high site probability without prior review by the Division early in the project planning. 

8. Ground disturbing activities may proceed elsewhere but land managers should stop disturbance in 

the immediate vicinity of artifact finds and notifies the Division if previously unknown archaeological 

or historic remains are uncovered. The provisions of Chapter 872, F.S., must be followed when 

human remains are encountered. 

9. Excavation and collection of archaeological and historic sites on state lands without a permit from 

the Division are a violation of state law and shall be reported to a law enforcement officer. The use 

of metal detectors to search for historic artifacts shall be prohibited on state lands except when 

authorized in a 1A-32, F.A.C., research permit from the Division. 

10. Interpretation and visitation which will increase public understanding and enjoyment of 

archaeological and historic sites without site destruction or vandalism is strongly encouraged. 

11. Development of interpretive programs including trails, signage, kiosks, and exhibits is encouraged 

and should be coordinated with the Division. 

12. Artifacts found or collected on state lands are by law the property of the Division. Land managers 

shall contact the Division whenever such material is found so that arrangements may be made for 

recording and conservation. This material, if taken to Tallahassee, can be returned for public display 

on a long term loan. 

E. ADMINISTERING AGENCY

Questions relating to the treatment of archaeological and historic resources on state lands may be 

directed to: 

Compliance Review Section 

Bureau of Historic Preservation 

Division of Historical Resources 

R.A. Gray Building 

500 South Bronough Street 

Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 

Contact Person 

Susan M. Harp

Historic Preservation Planner 

Telephone (850) 245-6333 

Suncom 205-6333 

FAX (850) 245-6437
Management Procedures For Archaeological And Historical Sites And Properties 

On State-Owned Or Controlled Lands (Revised August, 1995) 

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