Ceresratina 40 Years Founpers Depication

SipNEY D. Drett, PH.D. James R. KILLIAN, JR., PH.D.

A theoretical physicist at Stanford University, Dr. Sidney Drell
served on the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
and the President's Science Advisory Committee in intelli-
gence advisory roles, He served as a key scientific consultant
to Program B, and served on the Technology Review Panel
of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence where he was
instrumental in securing approval and support for several
NRO special projects.

Service to National Reconnaissance: 1960.

RicHarpD L. GaRwIN, PH.D.
A physicist, Dr. Richard Garwin served on the President's Sci-

ence Advisory Committee. He chaired PSAC’s panels on Mili-
tary Aircraft, Antisubmarine and Naval Warfare, and advised
on intelligence aspects and programs in each field. He served
as a key scientific advisor to Program B, and established stan-
dards and found solutions for electromechanical design of
modern longilife spacecraft. As a champion of Electro-Optical
Imaging, he helped Henry Kissinger understand the critical
role it would have for our national defens

Service to National Reconnaissance: 1957.

AMROM H. Katz

A physicist involved in lens and camera design for aerial
tems, Mr. Amrom Katz performed the first experimental sim-
ulation of electro-optical imaging by a reconnaissance satel
lite. At RAND, he co-directed a project on peacetime over-
flight reconnaissance, and co-proposed film-recovery satellites
as an immediate alternative to the near-real-time readout sat-
ellite then under development as the SAMOS Program by
the USAF. This proposal was eventually established as the
CORONA Project by President Eisenhower.

Service to National Reconnaissance: 1941

1960-2000

President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dr.
James Killian chaired the Technological Capabilities Panel
(TCP/Surprise Attack) for President Eisenhower that recom-
mended building the U-2 aircraft and reconnaissance satel-
lites, He chaired the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advi-
sory Board and the President's Science Advisory Committee,
and participated in the evaluation of SAMOS that resulted
in removing that project from Air Force control. He was sub-
sequently involved in shaping the agreements between the
Department of Defense and CIA that structured the NRO.

Service to National Reconnaissance: 19.

Epwin H. Lanp, Pu.D.

Dr. Edwin Land was the Polaroid CEO and chairman of
the Intelligence Subcommittee of the Technology Capabili-
ties Panel. He was an imagery intelligence expert and scien-
tific counselor to Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson,
and Nixon. As Chairman of the President's Science Advisory

Committee's Intelligence Panel, he advised Program B on
new overhead systems and improvements to existing ones. He
played a vital role in advising President Nixon on the capabili-
ties of Electro-Optical Imaging.

Service to National Reconnaissance

FRANK W. LEHAN

An electrical engineer, Mr. Frank Lehan was a President's Sci-
ence Advisory Committee member and served on the Land
Panel that advised the NRO and Program B on overhead
reconnaissance systems, He was instrumental in the decision to
proceed with an important signals intelligence satellite system,
and contributed to the reflector design for that system.

Service to National Reconnaissance: 1965-1975

1960-2000



WILLIAM O. Baker, PH.D.

A physical chemist and signals intelli xpert at AT:
Bell Laboratories, Dr. William Baker served as scientific
counselor to the NSA, CIA, USN, and NRO on overhead
and earth-based reconnaissance s a member
of President Eisenhower's special “Ad Hoc Task Force for
the Application of Communications Analysis for National
and International Security,” which was the signals intel
gence equivalent of the Technologies Capability Panel. He
also served on the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory
Board and the Pre: Science Advisory Committee, and
advised Presidents Eisenhower, Reagan and Bush on intel
ligence matters. He was instrumental in shaping the course
of signals intelli communications, and encryption/
decryption technolo;
1950-19

An engineer, reconnaissance system designer, imagery inter
preter, and space cartographer, Mr. Merton Davies partici-
pated in all early USAF reconnaissance studies and planning,
including the Leghorn-directed Intelligence Development
Planning Objects. He invented the Spin-Pan camera, and col
laborated in the film recovery satellite proposal adopted by
the USAF that became CORONA. Employed throughout his
career at RAND, he continued to serve on NRO and other

advisory panels that established reconnaissance requirements

and advised on competing reconnaissa systems.

Service to National Reconnaissance: 1948.



WILLIAM J. Perry, PH.D.
A mathematician, Dr. William Perry served in the U.S. Army
where, as a reserve officer, he became involved in signals
intelligence collection and subsequently advised NSA and
the CIA on programs to intercept and evaluate Soviet mis-

sile telemetry and communications intelligence. He chaired

the “Perry Panel” that advised Program B on all overhead

signals intelligence collection systems. He later served as
Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering
and Secretary of Defense.

EpwarbD M. Purce Lt, PH.D.
Harvard Nobel Laureate and radar expert, Dr. Edward Purcell
worked on all early overhead reconnaissance projects (U-2,
A-12/SR-71, and others) that operated at extreme altitudes.
His most significant contribution involved methods to make
these vehicles, if not invisible to radar, hard to observe with
radar using new materials. This feat led to later efforts that pro-
duced Have Blue, F-117, B-2, and other USS. special projects.
He also chaired the Land Panel subcommittee that selected
the Program B follow-on film recovery reconnaissance system.

econnaissan 1965

1960-2000



FOUNDERS
NATIONAL RECONN



FOUNDERS

OF NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE

FREEDOM'S SENTINEL IN SPACE

1960-2000



FounDERs DEDICATION

10 individuals
included in
this booklet
occupy a unique position in the history
of the National Reconnaissance Office.
These gentlemen, through their wise advice and counsel,
persuaded decision-makers that a national policy of peacetime

strategic reconnaissance could, and would, succeed.

They have, therefore, earned special recognition for their
significant contributions to the founding of national
reconnaissance. This mix of advisors, innovators, and scientists
instilled in the nation’s leaders a sense of confidence that
establishing the National Reconnaissance Office was the right
thing to do and would pay huge dividends for the country in

the years to come.

By their influence, they shaped the emerging discipline of

national reconnaissance and guaranteed for the United States

a position of world leadership in the arena of space-based

intelligence information collection.

eo) (Qe rlie

1960-2000