I N THE UN I TED STATES DI STRI CT COURT FOR THE

N O R T H E R

N D IS T R IC T O F O H IO
UNI TED STATES OF AMERI CA, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) Civil Action No. v . ) ) I NE OS U SA L L C, ) ) De fe nd ant. ) __________________________________________) COMP LAINT The United States of

Americ a, by

the authority

of the Attorne y

Gene ral a

nd throug h the undersig ned attorne y s, actingat the re quest and on the be half of the Administrator of the United State s E nv ir onme nta l Pr ote c tio n A g e nc y (“ EPA ” ), fi le s th is c omp la int and a lle g e s a s f

oll ow s: NA TU RE OF AC TIO N 1. This is a civil action ag ainst I NEOS USA L L C (“I

NEOS” or “ Def

endant” ) for
c ivi l pe na lti e s and

inj un c tiv e re lie f a s a

re su lt o f v iol atio ns of

the fo llo wi ngstatut e s, re gulatio ns , and per mits: (1) the Clea

n Air Ac t, as amende d, (“CAA” ), 42 U.S.C. §§ 7401 et seq., including the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air

Pollut ants (“N ESHAP”) for Source Cate g or ie s ( 40 C.F .R. Part 63 , Su bp art s F , G , H , a

nd JJ J), t he fe de ra lly -a

pp ro ve d a nd e nf or c e a ble Ohio State Implementation Plan (“Ohio SI P”), De fenda nt’s Permit-to-Install (“PTI ”) Numbere d 03-9227, and D efe ndant’s Title V Permit No. 03-02- 02-0015; (2) the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and L iability Act (“ CERCL A”) , 42 U.S.C. §§ 9601 et seq.; and (3) the Emerg ency Planning a

nd Communi ty

Right-To- Know Ac t (“EPCRA”), Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 1 of 49. PageID #: 12

42 U.S.C. §§ 11001 et seq. This action is based on violations that occ urre d and ar e occ urringat I NEOS’s che mical manufa cturingplant in L ima, Allen County , Ohio (the “ Fa cility ”). JURISDICTION AND VENUE 2. This Court has jurisdiction over the subjec t matter pursua nt to 28 U.S.C . §§ 1331, 1345, and 1355; Section 113(b) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7413(b); Sections 109(c) and 113(b) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. §§ 9609(c) a nd 9613(b); and Sec tion 325(b)(3) a nd (c) (4) of

EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11045(b)(3) a

nd (c) (4). This Court has pe rsonal jurisdiction over D efe ndant, which does business in the State of Ohio a nd this District, pursuant to Section 113(b) of the CAA , 42 U.S.C. § 7413(b). 3. Venue is proper in this District pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391 and 1395; Section 113(b) of

the CAA, 42 U.S.C. 7413(b); Section 109(c ) and 113( b) of CERCL A, 42 U. S.C. §§ 96 09 (c ) a

nd 96 13 (b ); and

Se c tio n 3 25 (b )( 3) and

(c )( 4) of EPC RA , 4 2 U .S. C. § 1 10 45 (b )( 3) and

(c )( 4) be c a

us e the a lle g e d v iol atio ns in t his Com pla int oc c ur re d at a F a c ili ty loc ate d in thi s D istri c t and

I NE OS r e sid e s in

thi s D istri c t. NOTICE 4. Pursuant to Section 113(a)( 1) of the CAA , 42 U.S.C. § 7413(a)(1) , notice of the vio latio ns of

the Oh io S I P th at are a lle g e d in thi s c omp la int

ha s b e e n g ive n to the State of Oh io
and to D e fe nd ant at le a st 3 0 d ay s p ri or to t he fi lin gof

thi s c omp la int
. 5. Pursuant to Section 113(b) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7413(b), notice of the
commence ment of this action has be en g iven to the appr opriate state air pollution control ag ency in the State of Ohio.

Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 2 of 49. PageID #: 23 AU THORITY 6. The United States De partment of Justice has authority to bringthis action on behalf of the Administrator of

U.S. EPA under 28 U.S.C. §§ 516 and 519 and Sec tion 305(a) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7605(a). DEF ENDANT 7. I NEOS is incorporated in the State of De lawar e. 8. I NEOS is reg istered to do business in the State of Ohio. 9. I NEOS owns and ope rate s a che mical manufa cturingplant located at 1900 Fort Amanda Roa d, L ima, Ohio 45804 (“F acility”). 10. BP Amoco Chemica l Company (“B P”) owne d the Fa cility from January

1, 2004, until Decembe r 6, 2004. F rom Dec ember 6, 2004, until Decembe r 16, 2005, var ious subsidi arie s of B P owned the F acility , the last of which w as name d Innovene U SA L L C. On Dec ember 16, 20 05 , th e I

NE OS G ro up L imi te d p ur c ha se d Inn ov e ne USAL L C f ro m B P and

a g re e d to a ssume all environmenta l liabilit ies of re levanc e to this Compl aint. On J une 16, 2006, the I NEOS Group L imi te d c ha

ng e d th e name “ Inn ov e ne USAL L C” to “ I NE OS U SA, L L C.” I

NE OS U SA, L L C is a subsidiary

of I NEOS Group L imited. 11. I NEOS is a “pe rson” within the mea ning of Sections 113(b) a

nd 302(e) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. §§ 7413(b) and 7602( e); Sec tion 103(a) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a); a nd Section 329(7) of

EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11049(7). 12. I NEOS is an “owne r or ope rator” of the F acility within the meaningof Sections 304(a) and (b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C . §§ 11004(a) , (b).

Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 3 of 49. PageID #: 34 STATUT ORY AND REGULATORY BACK GR OUND

I. CLEAN AIR ACT 13. The Clean A ir Act e stablishes a re gulatory scheme desig ned to protec t and enhanc e the qua lity

of the nation’s air so as to promote the public he alth and we lfare and the productive c apac ity

of its population. 42 U.S.C . § 7401(b)( 1). A. National Em ission Stand ards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

1. Gene ra l P

ro v isions 14. Under

Section 112(b) of

the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412(b), Cong ress e stablished a list of 188 hazardous air pollutants (“H APs”) believe d to cause adver se hea lth or environmental
e ff e c ts. 15. Under

Section 112(c) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412(c) , Congr ess direc ted U.S. EPA to publi sh a list of all cate g ories and subc ateg ories of, inte r a lia , major sourc es of HA Ps. 16. “Major sour ce” is defined a s any stationary

source or g roup of stationar y source s loc ate d w ith in a

c ontiguo us are a

and un de r c omm on

c ontr ol t hat e mit s o r h a s th e po te nti a l to emit consideringcontrols, in the ag g reg ate, 10 tons per y ear or more of

any HAP or 25 tons per y ear or more of

any combination of HAPs. 42 U.S.C. § 7412(a)( 1). 17. “Stationary

source ” is define d as any building, structur e, fa cility , or installation which emits or may

emit any air pollutant. 42 U.S.C. § 7412(a)( 3) (statingthat “stationary
source ” under

Section 112(a) has the same meaningas that term ha s under Sec tion 111(a) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7411(a)( 3)).

Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 4 of 49. PageID #: 45

18. A “c ateg ory” of sour ces is a group of sourc es havingsome common features sug g estingthat they

should be regulated in the same way and on the same sche dule. 57 F .R. 31 57 6, 31 57 8 ( July 16 , 1 99 2) . Asin g le statio na ry so ur c e c an b e c omp ri se d o f m ult ipl e
source cate g ories. I d. 19. Under

Section 112(d)( 1) of the CAA , 42 U.S.C. § 7412(d)(1), Congress dire cted U.S. EPA to promulgate regulations establishing e mission s tandar ds for e ach c ateg ory or subcate g ory

of, inte r a lia , major sourc es of HA Ps li sted under Sec tion 112(c). The se emission standards must re quire the max imum degr ee of reduc tion in emissi ons of HAPs that the Administrator, takinginto consideration the c ost of achie ving suc h emission reduction, and a ny
no n- a ir qu a lity he a lthand

e nv ir onme nta l im

pa c ts a nd e ne rgy re qu ir e me nts , d e te rm ine s is achie vable f

or the ne w or e x isting sourc es in the categ ory or subcateg ory

to which the emission standard a

pplies. 42 U.S.C. § 7412(d)(2). 20. Under

Section 112(h) of

the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412(h), to the extent that it is not fea sible to prescr ibe or e nforc e an e mission s tandar d for c ontrol of a HA P, Congre ss authorized U.S. EPA to promulgate “design, equipment, work pr actice , or oper ational” standa rds, which a

re to b e tr e ate d a s e mis sio n s tand ard s. 21. The e mission s tandar ds under Sec tion 112 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412, are known as the N ational Emission S tandar ds for Ha zardous Air Pollutants (“NESHAPs”) f or Sourc e Cate g or ie s o r “ MA CT” (“ maximuma c hie va ble c ontr ol t e c hn olo g y” ) s tand ard s. Th e se
e mis sio n s tand ard s are fo un d in Part 63 of Ti tle 40 of

the Cod e of

F e de ra l Re gulatio ns . Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 5 of 49. PageID #: 56

22. After

the ef fec tive date of

any emission standard, limitation or regulation promulg ated pur suant to Section 112 of the CAA, no pe rson may operate such sourc e in violation of such standa

rd, limitation, or regulation. 42 U.S.C. § 7412(i)(3). 2. National Em ission Stan dards for Organic Hazardou s Air Pollutan ts (the “HON”) 23. Pursuant to Section 112(c) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412(c), U .S. EPA identified sy nthetic org anic c hemical manuf actur ing a s a sourc e categ ory of HAPs. 57 F.R. 31576, 31591 (T a ble 1) (Jul y

16 , 1 99 2) . T his so ur c e c ate g or y g e ne ra lly is r e fe rr e d to a s “ SOC MI ” (“ Sy nth e tic Org anic Chemica l Manufac turingIndustry”). 24. Pursuant to Section 11 2( d) of the CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 2( d) , U .S. EPA promulg ated the N ational Emission S tandar ds for Or g anic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Sy nth e tic Or g anic Che mic a l Ma nu fa c tur ingInd

us tr y . 5 9 F .R. 19 40 2 ( Ap ri l 22 , 1 99 4) . T he se standards c ommonly

are ref err ed to as the “ Hazardous Or g anic NE SHAP” or “H ON.” 25. The HO N consists of four subpa rts in Part 63 of Title 40 of the Code of Fe dera l Regulations: S ubparts F , G, H, and I . I d. at 19405. Of r eleva nce to this Complaint are Subparts F, G, a

nd H. 26
. Sub pa

rt F , in g e ne ra l, p ro vid e s th e a

pp lic a bil ity c ri te ri a fo r S OC MI

so ur c e s, require s that owners a

nd operators of SOCMIsource s comply with Subparts G and H, a nd sp e c if ie s g e ne ra l r e c or dk e e pin gand re po rt ingre qu ir e me nts . I d. Sub pa rt G g e ne ra lly

se ts f or th regulations gove rningproce ss vents, storag e vesse ls, transfer rac ks, and wa stewate r strea ms at SOC MI so ur c e s. I d. Sub pa

rt H, in t ur n, g e ne ra lly

se ts f or th w or k p ra c tic e sta

nd ard s r e latin gto equipment leaks. I d.

Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 6 of 49. PageID #: 67 a. Subp art F 27
. Th e re qu ir e me nts of Sub pa rt F a pp ly to c he mic a l ma

nu fa c tur ingpr oc e ss u

nit s that: (1) manuf

actur e as a

primary product tetra

hydrobenzaldehyde, cr otonaldehyde, or one or
mor e of the c he mic a ls l ist e d in

Ta ble 1 o f S ub pa

rt F ; ( 2) us e a s a

re a c tant o r m anu fa c tur e a s a product, or c o-produc t, one or more of the org anic HA Ps li sted in Table 2 of Subpart F; a

nd (3) a re loc ated at a plant site that is a major sourc e as de fined in Section 112(a ) of the CAA
. 40 C.F.R. § 63.100(b). 28. A “c hemical manuf actur ing pr ocess unit” is def ined, inte r a lia , as the e quipment assembled a

nd connec ted by

pipes or ducts to proc ess ra w mater ials and to manufa cture an intended produc t. 40 C.F.R. § 63.101(b). 29
. Ta

ble 1 o f S ub pa

rt F lis ts a pp ro ximate ly

38 5 c he mic a ls whic h c on sti tut e SOC MI products that may

be produc ed by

a HAP-e mitti ngproce ss. 40 C.F.R. Subpart F, Ta ble 1; 59 Fe d. Reg . 19402, 19405 (1994). Ea ch che mical in Table 1 ha s a spec ific “G roup Number ” associate d with it, rang ing f rom Group I

to Group V. The Group Numbe r in Table 1 c orre sponds to the timing of the a

pplicability

of ce rtain provisions of the HO N. 30
. Tab le 2 of S ub partF li st s ap pro x im ate ly 13 0 o rgani c HAP s. 40 C. F.R . S ub partF, Table 2. 31
. Owne rs and

op e rator s o f s ourc e s th at a re su bje c t to Sub pa

rt F are re qu ir e d to comply with Subparts G and H. 40 C.F .R. § 63.102(a). b. Subp art G : P

ro c ess V e nts 32. Subpart G applies, inte r a lia , to a ll p ro c e ss v e nts wi thi n a so ur c e that is its e lf subject to Subpart F. 40 C.F .R. § 63.110.

Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 7 of 49. PageID #: 78

33. A “pr ocess ve nt” is defined a s the point of discharg e to the atmospher e (or the po int of e ntr y int o a c ontr ol d e vic e , if

any ) o f a g a s st re am if the g a s st re am ha s c e rt a in char acte ristics specifie d in 40 C.F.R. § 63.107(b) - ( h), or mee ts certa in criteria specifie d in 40 C.F.R. § 63.107(i). 40 C.F.R. § 63.101(b)
. 34. Subpart G divides proc ess vents into two g roups and ha s differ ent standar ds dependingupon the g roup desig nation. 35. A “Gr oup 1 proce ss vent” is define d as a pr ocess ve nt for which the vent stream flow rate is g reater than or equal to 0.005 standa

rd cubic meter pe r minute, the total org anic HA P
conce ntration is gr eate r than or e qual to 50 parts per milli on by

volume (“ppmv” ), and the total
re so ur c e e ff

e c tiv e ne ss ( “ TRE ” ) i nd e x va lue , c a lc ulate d a c c or din gto 4 0 C. F .R. § 6 3. 11 5, is l e ss than or e qual to 1.0. 40 C.F.R. § 63.111. 36. A “Gr oup 2 proce ss vent” is define d as a pr ocess ve nt for which the vent stream flow rate is less than 0.005 standar d cubic mete r per minute, the total org anic HA P concentr ation is l e ss t ha n 5 0 p pmv , o r t

he TRE ind e x va lue , c a lc ulate d a c c or din gto 4 0 C. F .R. § 6 3. 11 5, is g reater than 1.0. 37. The “ TRE index value” is defined in re levant par t as a mea sure of

the supplemental total resour ce r equire ment per unit re duction of org anic HA P associated with a proce ss vent stream, ba sed on vent stre am flow rate, emission rate of org anic HA P, net heating
va lue , a nd c or ro sio n p ro pe rt ie s. 38. The methods and pr ocedur es for makinga proc ess vent “group” de termination are set forth in 40 C.F.R. § 63.115.

Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 8 of 49. PageID #: 89

39. An owner

or oper ator of a

Group 1 proc ess vent must comply with one of thre e control re quirements: (1) r educe emissions of org anic HA P using a f lare ; (2) re duce e missions of tot a l or g anic HA P by

98 we ig ht- pe rc e nt o r t o a c on c e ntr atio n o f 2 0 p pmv , whic he ve r i s le ss stringe nt; or (3) a chieve and maintain a T RE index value greater than 1.0 at the outlet of the final
re c ov e ry de vic e , o r p ri or

to r e le a se of

the ve nt s tr e am to the atmo sp he re if no re c ov e ry

de vic e is prese nt. 40 C.F.R. §§ 63.113(a)( 1) - ( 3). 40
. An

owne r o r o pe rator

of a pr oc e ss v e nt t

hat e le c ts t o c omp ly

wi th e ith e r 4 0 C. F .R. § 6 3. 11 3( a )( 1) or

40 C.F .R. § 6 3. 11 3( a )( 2) is n ot r e qu ir e d to pe rf or m th e g ro up de te rm inatio n in 40 C.F.R. § 63.115. 40 C.F.R. § 63.113(h). 41. The provisions of Subpart G a pply at all times except duringperiods of star t-up or shutdown (as de fined in § 40 C.F.R. § 63.101), malf unction, or non-ope ration of the c hemical
manu fa c tur ingpr oc e ss u

nit (o r s pe c if

ic po rt ion the re of ) r e su lti ngin c e ssatio n o f t he e mis sio n to which Subpart G a

pplies. 40 C.F.R. § 63.102(a) (1). 42. Wit h cer

tain exceptions not applicable he re, owners a nd operators of existi ng
source s were require d to be in compliance with the applicable provisions of Subpart G by no later tha n April 22, 1997. 40 C.F.R. § 63.100(k)( 2)(i).

c. Subpart H

– Equi pm ent Leaks i. General 43. Subpart H sets for th work pra ctice sta

ndards a nd testing a

nd rec ordkee ping require ments to ensure that any leaks of or g anic HA Ps from equipment are timely detec ted and repa ired. The provisions in S ubpart H c ommonly are ref err ed to as “ L eak D etec tion and Repair” pr ov isi on s, or

“ L DA R” fo r s ho rt . Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 9 of 49. PageID #: 910

44
. Th e “ e qu ipm e nt” to whic h Su bp art H a pp lie s in c lud e s p ump s, c omp re sso rs , a g itator s, pr e ssu

re re lie f d e vic e s, sampl ingc onne c tio n s y ste ms, op e n- e nd e d v a lve s o r l ine s, valves, c onnector s, surg e contr ol vessels, bottoms rece ivers, instrumentation sy stems, and control de vic e s o r c los e d- ve nt s y ste ms r e qu ir e d b y Sub pa rt H that are int e nd e d to op e rate in o rg anic HAP service 300 hours or more duringthe ca lendar y ear within a source subject to the provisions of a spe cific Subpar

t in 40 C.F.R. Part 63 that refe renc es Subpart H. 40 C.F .R. § 63.160. 45. “In org anic HA P service” means that a piece of equipment e ither conta ins or
c onta c ts a fl uid (l iqu id o r g a s) that is at le a st 5 % b y we ig ht o f t ota l or g anic HA Ps. 40 C.F .R. § 63.161. 46. Eac h piece of equipment in a pr ocess unit to which Subpart H a pplies is required to b e ide nti fi e d s uc h th at it c an b e dis tin guis he d r e a dil y fr om e qu ipm e nt t

hat is no t su

bje c t to Subpart H. 40 C.F.R. § 63.162(c ). 47. Wit h cer

tain exceptions not applicable he re, e x isting sourc es that manufa cture d a Group I chemica l were require d to be in compliance with Subpart H no later tha n October 24, 1994. 40 C.F.R. § 63.100(k)( 3)(i).

ii. Monit

oring Meth od Relevant to thi s Action 48. Subpart H g ener ally require s owners a

nd operators to monitor equipment for le aks . With c e rt a in a lte rn ativ e s and e xce pti on s n ot r e le va

nt h e re , a n o wn e r o r o pe rator

su bje c t to Subpart H is require d to monitor valves in ga s/vapor and light liquid s ervic e (“ valves” ), and
connec tors in ga s/vapor and lig ht liquid s ervic e (“ connec tors”) by the method spec ified in 40 C.F.R. § 63.180(b). 40 C.F .R. §§ 63.168(b)(1) ; 63.174(a)( 1). Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 10 of 49. PageID #: 1011

49
. 40 C.F .R. § 6 3. 18 0( b) (1 ), in t ur n, re qu ir e s e a c h o wn e r o r o pe ra tor to c omp ly

wi th the monitoring pr ocedur es and r equire ments of Method 21 at 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appe ndix A. 50. Method 21, at 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appe ndix A-7, Meth. 21, Sec tion 8.3.1, requires the owne r o r o pe rator

of an a ff e c te d s ourc e to d o a s f

oll ow s: Place the pr obe inlet [of the portable instrument that is ca pable of detec ting emissions from equipment] at the surfac e of the component interf ace wher e le aka g e c ou ld o c c ur . M ov e the pr ob e a lon gthe int e rf a c e pe ri ph e ry

wh ile observingthe instrument rea dout. I f an inc rea sed meter rea ding is obser

ved, slowly sample the interf

ace wher e leakag e is indicated until the maxim um meter rea ding is obtaine d. L eave the probe inlet at this max imum readinglocation for approximately

two times the instrument response time. I f the maximum observe d meter r eadingis gr eate r than the le ak def inition i n the applica

ble re gulation, r e c o r d an d r e p o rt t h e r e s u lt s [a s a

le ak in gc o mp o n e n t]
. iii. V alve Standards R elev ant to t his A ction 51. Wit h cer

tain alternatives and exceptions not releva nt here , the monitoring fre quency and def inition of a “leak” for

valves we re instituted in three “ phases” : Phase I
commence d on the first date that the source was re quired to be in c ompliance ( the “c ompliance d at e ” ) ; P h a s e II c o m m e n c e d n o l at e r th ano n e y e ar

a f t e r th e c o mp l i an c e d at e ; an d P h a s e III
c omm e nc e d n o late r t

ha n tw o a nd on e -h a lf y e ars a ft e r t

he c omp lia

nc e date . 4 0 C. F .R. § 63.168(A)( 1)(i). 52
. Th e F a c ili ty

ha s b e e n s ub

je c t to the Pha se I I Ire qu ir e me nts at a ll t ime s r e le va nt t o thi s Co mpl a int
. 53
. In Ph a se I I I , th e owne r o r o pe ra tor of a so ur c e su bje c t to Sub pa

rt H i s r e qu ir e d to monitor valves at the inter vals specif

ied in 40 C.F.R. §§ 63.168(d)( 1) - ( 4). These intervals var y from once a month to once e very four qua rters de pendingupon the historic leak r ate of the valves in t he pr oc e ss u

nit that is be ingmon ito re d. I d. Of re le va nc e he re , th e va lve s in

a pr oc e ss u nit Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 11 of 49. PageID #: 1112

that have a

rolling a vera g e valve leak r ate of

less than 2% but g reater than or equal to 1% a

re require d to be monitored once eac h quarte r. 40 C.F.R. §§ 63.168(d) (2),( 3). 54. When a leakingvalve is dete cted, a first attempt at re pair is re quired to be ma de no later tha

n 5 cale ndar da

y s after a leak is detecte d. 40 C.F.R. § 63.168(f) (2). iv. Stan dards for Open-Ended V alves or Lines Relev ant to t his A ction 55. An “ope n-ende d valve or line” is define d as any

valve, e x cept pr essure relief
va lve s, havin gon e sid e of the va lve se at in

c onta c t w ithpr oc e ss f

lui d a nd on e sid e op e n to atmosphere , either dire ctly or throug h open piping . 40 C.F.R. § 63.161. 56. Wit h cer

tain alternatives and exceptions not releva nt here , eac h open-e nded valve
or lin e is r e qu ir e d to be e qu ipp e d w itha c a p, bli nd fl ang e , p lug , o r s e c on d v a lve . 4 0 C. F .R. § 63.167(a) (1). 57
. Th e c a

p, bli nd fl ang e , p lug , o r s e c on d v a lve is r e qu ir e d to se a l th e op e n e nd at a ll times ex cept dur ing ope rations re quiringproce ss fluid flow throug h the open- ended va lve or line, or duringmaintenanc e or r epair . 40 C.F.R. § 63.167(a) (2). 58. Eac h open-e nded valve or line equippe d with a sec ond valve is re quired to be operated in a manne r such that the va lve on the proc ess fluid end is closed be fore the sec ond valve is closed. 40 C.F .R. § 63.167(b).
v . C l o s e d - V e n t S y s t ems 59. A “c losed-vent sy stem” is define d as a sy stem that is not open to the atmosphere and that is composed of

hard- piping, duc twork, conne ction and, if ne cessa ry , flow-inducing device s that transport g as or va por fr om a piece or piec es of e quipment to a control devic e or back into a pr ocess. 40 C.F .R. § 63.161. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 12 of 49. PageID #: 1213

60. A closed- vent sy stem constructe d of har d piping is re quired to have annual visual inspections for visible, audible, or olfac tory indications of leaks. 40 C.F .R. § 63.172(f)( 1)(ii). 61
. An

owne r o r o pe rator

of a c los e d- ve nt s y ste m mu st m a int a in r e c or ds of its closed-ve nt sy stem inspections. 40 C.F.R. § 63.181(g )(3)
. 2. Subpar t JJJ 62. Pursuant to Section 112(c) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412(c), U .S. EPA identified the produc tion of, inte r a lia , s e ve n p oly me rs and re sin s a s so ur c e c ate g or ie s o f H APs . 5 7 F .R. 31576, 31591 (Table 1) (July 16, 1992) (identify

ing a s source cate g ories the pr oduction of:
a c r yl o n i tr i l e - b u t a d i e n e - s tyr e n e ; m e th yl m e th a c r yl at e - a c r yl o n i tr i l e - b u t a d i e n e - s tyr e n e ; m e th yl methacr ylate-buta diene- sty

rene terpoly

mers; poly ethylene ter aphthalate ; poly sty rene ; and sty rene -ac rylonitrile); 61 F.R. 28197, 28202 (Ta ble 1) (June 4, 1996) (ide ntifying nitrile r esins production). 63. Pursuant to Section 112(d) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412(d), U.S. EPA regulated these sourc e ca

teg ories under

what it char acte rized as the “Group IV” Poly mers and Re sins NE SHA P, f

ound at 40 C.F .R. Part

63 , Su bp art JJ J. 40 C.F .R. §§ 63 .1 31 0 - 63 .1 33 6. Th e se provisions commonly

are ref err ed to as “ Subpart J J J ” or the “Gr oup IV Poly mers and Re sins MACT.” 64
. Th e “ a ff

e c te d s ourc e ” to whic h th e e mis sio n s tand ard s o f S ub pa rt JJ J app ly is either a n “existi ngaff

ecte d source ” or a

“new aff ecte d source .” 40 C.F.R. § 63.1310(a )(1)
. 65. Of re levanc e to this complaint, an “e x isting af fec ted source ” is define d, inter alia,
as ea ch g roup of one or more the rmoplastic produc t proce ss units (“TPPU”) and a ssociated Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 13 of 49. PageID #: 1314

equipment, as listed in 40 C.F.R. § 1310(a) (4), that is manufa cturingthe same pr imary product and is locate d at a plant site that is a major source for HA Ps. 40 C.F.R. § 63.1310(a)(2)
. 66. A “TPPU” is def

ined as a collection of e quipment assembled and c onnecte d by ha rd -p ipi ngor

du c tw or k, us e d to pr oc e ss r aw m ate ri a ls a nd to m anu fa c tur e a

the rm op la sti c product a s its primary

product. 40 C.F.R. § 1312(b)
. 67. “Associated equipment” inc ludes, inte r a lia , equipment re quired by or utiliz ed as a method of c ompliance with Subpart JJ J . 40 C.F.R. § 63.1310(a) (4). 68
. A “ the rm op la sti c pr od uc t” is o ne of

19 sp e c if ic a lly -i de nti fi e d p ro du c ts l ist e d in the def inition of “thermoplastic produc t” at 40 C.F.R. § 63.1312(b)
. 69. Wit h cer

tain differ ence s that are inapplicable he re, the owner or oper ator of e ach aff ecte d source under Subpar t J J J is require d to comply with Subpart H. 40 C.F.R. § 63.1331(a)
. 70. “Equipment” f

or purpose s of Subpart H c ompliance unde r 40 C.F.R. § 63.1331(a ) do e s n ot h ave the same me anin ga s “ a sso c iate d e qu ipm e nt” un de r S ub pa rt JJ J at 4 0 C. F .R. § 1310(a) . Rather, “ equipment” mea ns eac h pump, compressor, a g itator, pressur e re lief devic e,
sampl ingc onne c tio n s y ste m, o pe n- e nd e d v a lve or lin e , v a lve , c onne c tor , s ur g e c ontr ol v e sse l, bottoms receive rs, and instrumentation sy stem in org anic HA P service; a nd any control devic es or sy stems require d by

Subpart H. 40 C.F.R. 1312(b) ; 40 C.F.R. § 1331(a)( 11) (statingthat the term “e quipment” for Subpar t J J J compliance is defined in 40 C.F.R. § 1312). 71
. Exist inga ff

e c te d s ourc e s w e re re qu ir e d to be in c omp lia nc e wi th 4 0 C. F .R. § 63.1331(a) (and the ref

ore Subpar

t H) by no later tha

n J une 19, 2001. 40 C.F.R. § 63.1311(d)
. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 14 of 49. PageID #: 1415 B. National Am bient Air Quali ty Standards (“NAAQS”)

1. General 72. Section 108(a) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7408(a) , require s the Administrator of U.S. EPA to promulgate a list of eac h air pollutant, emissions of which may rea sonably

be anticipated to e ndang er public he alth or we lfare and the pr esenc e of which re sults from numerous
or div e rs e mob ile or

statio na ry so ur c e s. 73. Section 109 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7409, requir es the Administrator of U. S. E PA t o p ro mul g ate re gulatio ns e sta bli sh ingpr ima

ry and se c on da ry natio na l ambi e nt a ir quality standards ( “NAA QS”) for those air pollutants for which air qua lity criter ia have been issued pursuant to Section 108 of the CAA, 42 U .S.C. § 7408. The primary NAAQS ar e to be adequate to protec t the public health with an a dequate marg in of safe ty , and the se condar y NA AQ S are to b e a de qu ate to p ro te c t th e pu bli c we lf are fr om a

ny kn own o r a

nti c ipate d a dv e rs e eff ects a ssociated with the pr esenc e of the air pollutant in the ambient air. 74
. Un de r S e c tio n 1 07 (d ) o f t he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 40 7( d) , e a c h s tate is r e qu ir e d to desig nate those a

rea s within it s boundaries where the air qua lity is better or w orse than the NA AQ S f

or e a c h c ri te ri a

po llutant, or

wh e re the a ir

qu a lity c ann ot b e c la ssi fi e d d

ue to ins uf fi c ie nt d ata . A n a

re a that me e ts the NAAQ S f or a pa rt ic ula r p oll uta nt i s a n “ atta inm e nt”
are a. An a

rea that does not meet the N AAQS is a “nonattainment” ar ea. An are a that ca nnot be classified due to insufficient data is “unclassifiable .” 2. Ohio St

ate Implementa tio n Pl

an: Pe rmit to Ins tal

l 75. To ac hieve the obje ctives of the N AAQS and the CAA , Section 110 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7410, requires e ach State to a dopt and submit to U.S . EPA for a pproval a plan that Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 15 of 49. PageID #: 1516

provides for

the attainment and ma intenance of the NA AQS in eac h air qua lity control re g ion with eac h state. This plan is known as a State Implementation Plan (“SI P”). 76. On Octobe r 31, 1980, U.S. EPA approve d Ohio Administrative Code (“O AC”) Rule 3745-31, per

mit to i nstall regulations, as part of the fede rally enfor cea ble SI P for Ohio. 45 Fe d. Reg . 72146 (1980). Since the n, U.S. EPA has approve d sever al re visions to OAC 3745-31 into the fede rally enfor cea ble SI P. The rules we re substantially revised a nd approve d as
a re vision to t he SI P on September 8, 1993. 58 F ed. Reg . 47211 (1993). 77. OAC 3745-31-02( A) states that no person shall ca use, per mit, or allow the installation of a new sour ce of air pollutants or allow the modification of an air c ontaminant
so ur c e wi tho ut f

ir st o bta ini nga

pe rm it t o in sta ll ( “ PTI ” ) f ro m th e Di re c tor

of the Oh io Environmenta1 Protec tion Age ncy (“O hio EPA”). 78
. OA C Ru le 37 45 -3 1- 05 (D ) s tate s th at th e Di re c tor may imp os e su c h s pe c ia l te rm s
and c on dit ion s in

a PTI a s are a pp ro pr iate or

ne c e ssa ry to e ns ur e c omp lia

nc e wi th t he a pp lic a ble l aw s an d t o e n s ur e a d e qu at e p r o t e c t i o no f e n v i r o n m e n t a l qu a l i ty. C. Title V 79
. Ti tle V o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. §§ 76 61 -7 66 1f , e sta bli sh e s a n o pe ra tin gpe rm it pr ogra m f or c e rt a in a ir

po llutio n s ourc e s, inc lud ing“ ma jor so ur c e s. ” Th e purp os e of Ti tle V i s to
ensure that all “applica

ble re quirements” f

or complianc e with the CAA a re c ollected in one place
. 80. “Major sour ce” under Title V inc ludes, inte r a lia , a ny statio na ry so ur c e that is a “major sour ce” as def

ined in Section 112 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 16 of 49. PageID #: 1617

81
. Pur su ant t o Se c tio n 5 02 (b ) o f t he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 66 1a (b ), U. S. E PA promulg ated r egulations impl ementingthe re quirements of Title V a nd establishing the minimum elements of a

Title V permit program to be a dminist ere d by any state or loca l air pollution
c ontr ol a g e nc y . 5 7 F e d. Re g . 3 22 50 (Jul y 21 , 1 99 2) . T he se re gulatio ns are c od if ie d at 40 C.F .R. Part 70. 82. Section 502(a) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7661a(a ), and the implementing regulation at 40 C.F.R. § 70.7(b), make it unlawful for a ny person to violate a

ny require ment of a pe rm it i ssu e d und e r T itl e V o r t o o pe ra te a ma jor so ur c e e xce pt i n c omp lia nc e wi th a

pe rm it issued by a per mitti ngauthority

under Title V. 83. U.S. EPA approved Ohio’s Part 70 (Title V) prog ram, c odified at OA C 3745-77, on August 15, 1995, with an eff ective date of Oc tober 1, 1995. 60 F ed. Reg . 42045 (1995). 84. 40 C.F.R. § 70.6(b)( 1) spec ifies that all terms and c onditions i n a per mit is sued
un de r a Part 70 pr ogra

m, i nc lud ingany

pr ov isi on s d e signe d to lim it a so ur c e ’s po te nti a l to e mit , are enfor cea

ble by the Administrator of U.S. EPA under the CAA. D. Enf orce m ent of the CAA 85. Section 113(a) (1) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. ' 74 13 (a )( 1) , a uth or ize s U .S. EPAto bringa civil ac tion if the Administrator of U.S. EPA finds that any person is in violation of any
re qu ir e me nt o r p ro hib iti on of an a pp lic a ble SI P or pe rm it. 86
. Se c tio n 1 13 (a )( 3) of the CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( a )( 3) , a uth or ize s U .S. EPAto bringa civil ac tion if the Administrator finds that any person is in violation of, inte r a lia , any regulation promulgated or pe rmit issued under Section 112 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412 or any regulation promulgated or pe rmit issued under Title V of the CAA, 42 U.SC. §§ 7661-7661f

. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 17 of 49. PageID #: 1718

87. Section 113(b) of

the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7413(b), author izes the Court to enjoin a violation, to require c ompliance, to asse ss and re cover a civil pena lty , and to awa rd any other appropr iate re lief for

eac h violation. 88. Section 113(b) of

the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7413(b), author izes civil penalties of up to $25,000 per da

y for e ach violation of the CAA. The De bt Coll ection Improvement Ac t, 31 U.S.C. § 3701 et seq. , require s U.S. EPA to periodically adjust its civil penalties for inflation. On Dec ember

31, 1996, Fe bruar

y 13, 2004, and De cembe r 11, 2008, U.S. EPA adopted a nd
re vis e d r e gulatio ns e nti tle d “ Ad jus tme nt o f C ivi l Mo ne tary Pe na lti e s f

or Inf latio n, ” 40 C.F .R. Part 19, to upwardly

adjust the maxi mum civil penalty under the CAA. For

eac h violation that
occur s betwee n J anuar

y 31, 1997, and Mar ch 15, 2004, inclusive, pe nalties of up to $27,500 per day may be asse ssed; for e ach violation that occ urs betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009, inclusive, pena lties of up to $32,500 per da y may be asse ssed; and for

eac h violation that
occur s on and af

ter January

13, 2009, penalties of up to $37,500 pe r day may be asse ssed. 61 F.R. 69360 (De cembe r 31, 1996); 69 F .R. 7121 (Fe bruar y 12, 2004); 73 F.R. 75,340 (De cembe r 11, 2008). II. COMP REHENSI VE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMP ENSATIO N AND LIABIL ITY ACT 89. Section 102(a) of the Comprehe nsive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and L ia bil ity Ac t ( “ CER CLA” ), 42 U. S.C. § 9 60 2( a ), re qu ir e s th e Ad min istra tor of U. S. E PA t o publish a list of subst ance s desig nated a s hazardous substance s which whe n rele ased into the environment may

prese nt substantial dang er to public he alth or we lfare or the e nvironment, and to promulgate re gulations establishing that qua ntity of any hazardous substance , the re lease of Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 18 of 49. PageID #: 1819

which shall be r equire d to be re ported unde r Section 103(a ) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a) (“Repor table Qua ntity ” or “ RQ”). The list of RQs of hazardous substance s is codified at 40 C.F.R. Part 302. 90
. Se c tio n 1 03 (a ) o f C ERC LA, 42 U. S.C. § 9 60 3( a ), a s im ple me nte d b y

40 C.F .R. Part 302, requir es, in rele vant par t, a per son in charg e of a

n onshore f

acility , as soon as he /she has knowledg e of a

rele ase ( other than a

fede rally permitted re lease ) of a

hazardous substance from such f

acility in quantities equal to or greater than the RQ to imm ediately notify the National Re sp on se Ce nte r ( “ NR C” ) e sta bli sh e d und e r t

he Se c tio n 3 11 (d )( 2) (E ) o f t he CWA, 33 U. S.C. § 1321(d)( 2)(E) , of such r elea se. 91. “Onshore fac ility ,” under Section 101 of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9601, is defined as any fac ility of any kind located in, on, or unde r, any land or nonnaviga

ble wate rs within the United States. 42 U.S.C. §9601(18). 92. Section 109(c) (1) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9609(c)( 1), provides that any person wh o v iol ate s th e no tic e re qu ir e me nts of Se c tio n 1 03 (a ) o f C ERC LA, 42 U. S.C. § 9 60 3( a ), sh a ll be lia ble to t he Un ite d St ate s f

or c ivi l pe na lti e s. 93
. Se c tio n 1 09 (c ) o f C ERC LA, 42 U. S.C. § 9 60 9( c ), a uth or ize s U .S. EPAto a sse ss a civil penalty

of up to $25,000 per da

y of violation, and in the ca se of a second or

subsequent violation, $75,000 per day of violation of CERCL A Section 103, 42 U.S.C. § 9603. The Debt Collection I mprovement Ac t, 31 U.S.C. § 3701 et seq. , r e qu ir e s U .S. EPAto p e ri od ic a lly a dju st its civil penalties for inflation. On De cembe r 31, 1996, F ebrua ry 13, 2004, and De cembe r 11, 2008, U.S. EPA adopted and r evised re gulations entitled “Adjustment of Civil M onetar y Penalties for Inflation,” 40 C.F.R. Part 19, to upwa rdly adjust the maxi mum civil penalty under Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 19 of 49. PageID #: 1920

CERCL A. For

eac h violation that occurs be tween January 31, 1997, and Mar ch 15, 2004, inclusive, pena lties of up to $27,500 per da y may be asse ssed; for e ach violation that occ urs betwee n Marc h 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009, inclusive, pena lties of up to $32,500 per da y may be asse ssed; and for

eac h violation that occurs on a nd afte r January

13, 2009, penalties of up to $37,500 per da

y may be asse ssed. Additionally , in the case of a se cond or subse quent violation, for ea ch violation that occur s betwee n J anuar y 31, 1997, and Mar ch 15, 2004, inclusive, pena lties of up to $82,500 per da y may be asse ssed; for e ach violation that occ urs betwee n Marc h 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009, inclusive, pena lties of up to $97,500 per da y may be asse ssed; and for

eac h violation that occurs on a nd afte r January

13, 2009, penalties of up to $107,500 per da

y may be asse ssed. 61 F.R. 69360 (D ece mber 31, 1996); 69 F .R. 7121 (F ebrua ry 12, 2004); 73 F.R. 75,340 (D ece mber 11, 2008). III. EMERGENCY P LANNING AND COM MUNITY RIG HT-TO-KNOW ACT 94. The Emer g ency

Planning a

nd Communi ty

Right-to-K

now Act ( “EPCRA”) wa s
enac ted on Octobe r 17, 1986, as Title I I Iof the Superf und Amendments and Rea uthorization Act of 1986, Pub. L . No. 99-499 (1986) (codifie d at 42 U.S.C. §§ 11001-11050). 95. The purpose of EPCRA was to provide communities with information on potential chemica l hazards within their boundarie s and to foster state and loca l emerg ency pla nn inge ff or ts t o c ontr ol a

ny a c c ide nta l r e le a se s. Em e rg e nc y Pla nn ingand Commun ity

Rightto-Know Prog rams, Interim Fina l Rule, 51 Fed. Reg . 41,570 (1986). 96
. To a c hie ve thi s e nd , E PCRAmand ate s th at st ate e me rg e nc y re sp on se commissions (“SERC ’s) a nd local eme rg ency

planningcommittees (“L EPC’s”) be c reated. 42 U.S.C. § 11001(a) a

nd (c) . EPCRA establishes a framework of

state, re g ional, and loca l ag encie s Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 20 of 49. PageID #: 2021

de signe d to inf

or m th e pu bli c a bo ut t he pr e se nc e of

ha zar do us and

toxic c he mic a ls, and

to provide for

emer g ency

response in the event of

a hea lth-threate ning r elea se. 42 U.S.C. § 11001. EPCRA furthe r mandates that industrial and commer cial fa cilities, at which a ha zardous chemica l is produced, use d, or stored, notify SERC ’s and L EPC’s when they have r elea ses of extremely hazardous substance s and hazardous substanc es. 42 U.S.C. § 11004. 97. Section 304(a) and (b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C . § 11004(a) and (b) , require s the
owne r a nd op e rator of a fa c ili ty at w hic h a

ha zar do us c he mic a l is pr od uc e d, us e d, or

sto re d, to imm e diate ly

no tif y the SER C and

L EPC of c e rt a in s pe c if

ie d r e le a se s o f a

ha zar do us or

e xtre me ly hazardous substance
. 98. Section 329(4) of

EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11049(4), and 40 C.F .R. § 355.20 define “fa cility ” to mean, in r eleva nt part, all buildings, e quipment, structures, a nd other stationar

y items which are located on a single site and that ar e owne d or oper ated by the same pe rson. 99. Section 325(b)( 3) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11045(b)(3), pr ovides that any person who violates the notice require ments of Section 304 of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11004, shall be lia ble to t he Un ite d St ate s f

or c ivi l pe na lti e s. 10 0. Se c tio n 3 25 (b )( 3) of EPC RA , 4 2 U .S. C. § 11 04 5( b) (3 ), a uth or ize s U .S. EPAto
assess a c ivil penalty

of up to $25,000 per da

y of violation, and in the ca se of a second or subsequent violation $75,000 per da y of violation of EPCRA S ection 304, 42 U.S.C. § 11004. The De bt Coll ection Improvement Ac t, 31 U.S.C. § 3701 et seq. , r e qu ir e s U .S. EPAto periodica lly

adjust its civil penalties for inflation. On De cembe r 31, 1996, F ebrua ry 13, 2004,
and De c e mbe r 1 1, 20 08 , U .S. EPAa do pte d a nd re vis e d r e gulatio ns e nti tle d “ Ad jus tme nt o f C ivi l Mo ne tary Pe na lti e s f

or Inf latio n, ” 40 C.F .R. Part

19 , to up wa

rd ly a dju st the maximumc ivi l Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 21 of 49. PageID #: 2122

penalty under EPCRA. For

eac h violation that occurs be tween January 31, 1997, and Mar ch 15, 2004, inclusive, pena lties of up to $27,500 per da y may be asse ssed; for e ach violation that
occur s betwee n Marc h 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009, inclusive, pena lties of up to $32,500 per day may be asse ssed; and for

eac h violation that occurs on a nd afte r January

13, 2009, penalties of up to $37,500 per da

y may be asse ssed. Additionally , in the case of a se cond or subse quent violation, for ea ch violation that occur s betwee n J anuar y 31, 1997, and Mar ch 15, 2004, inclusive, pena lties of up to $82,500 per da y may be asse ssed; for e ach violation that occ urs betwee n Marc h 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009, inclusive, pena lties of up to $97,500 per da y may be asse ssed; and for

eac h violation that occurs on a nd afte r January

13, 2009, penalties of up to $107,500 per da

y may be asse ssed. 61 F.R. 69360 (D ece mber 31, 1996); 69 F .R. 7121 (F ebrua ry 12, 2004); 73 F.R. 75,340 (D ece mber 11, 2008).

GENERAL ALLEGATIONS CAA G e ne ra l All

e ga tio ns National Em ission Stan dards for HAPs 101. I NEOS owns and ope rate s a che mical manufa cturingplant located at 1900 Fort Amanda Roa d, L ima, Ohio 45804 (“F acility”). 102. I NEOS is the “owne r or ope rator,” as def ined in Section 112(a) (9) of the CAA, 42 U
. S
. C
. § 7 4 1 2 ( a ) ( 9 ) , o f

th e F a c i l i ty. 103. The F acility

includes a building , structure , fac ility , or installation which emits or
may e mit any a ir po llutant. 104. The F acility

is a “stationar

y source ” within the meaningof Section 112(a )(3) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412(a)( 3). Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 22 of 49. PageID #: 2223

105. The F acility

is a stationary

source or g roup of stationar y source s located w ithin a contiguous are a and unde r common control that e mits or has the potential to emit considering controls, in the ag greg ate, 10 tons per y ear or more of

any HAP or 25 tons per year

or more of
any c omb inatio n o f H APs
. 106. The F acility

is a “major sour ce” within the meaningof Section 112(a )(1) of the CAA, 42. U.S.C. § 7612(a)( 1).

General Allegations Related to 40 C.F.R . Part 63, Su bparts F, G, an d H 107. The F acility

consists of proce ss units t hat manufa cture as a pr imary product
acr ylonitrile and ac etonitrile. 10 8. Th e fi rs t ma

jor pr oc e ssi ngste p in

manu fa c tur inga c ry

lon itr ile and

a c e ton itr ile is a vapor- phase c ataly

tic rea ction of ammonia, propy lene, a nd air. This re action is followed by the
c ru de se pa

ratio n o f t he pr od uc ts, by pr od uc ts, and wa ste . T he e qu ipm e nt at th e F a c ili ty that is
us e d to pe rf

or m th e se op e ratio ns is r e fe rr e d to a s f oll ow s: P035 Acr

ylonitrile Reaction and Absor ption Section P048 Ace tonitrile Reactor a nd Absorption Section 109. After

the initial reac tions in P 035 and P048, acr ylonitrile and ac etonitrile are
re c ov e re d a

nd puri fi e d in

the fo llo wi nge qu ipm e nt: P074 Ace tonitrile Recover y and Purification Section P075 Acr

ylonitrile Pl ant #2 Recove ry and Purification Section 11 0. Em iss ion s f

ro m P0 35 , P0 48 , P0 74 , a

nd P07 5 a re c ontr oll e d a s f

oll ow s: P035 controlled by

the Absorbe r Off

g as Inciner ator (“ AOGI ”) P048 controlled by

the Acr ylonitrile Flare Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 23 of 49. PageID #: 2324 P074 controlled by

the Acr ylonitrile Flare P075 controlled by

the vent scr

ubber f ollowed by

Acr ylonitrile Flare
. Sometimes, the vent scrubbe r is by passed a nd P075 emissions are sent direc tly

to the Acr

ylonitrile Flare
. 11 1. In g e ne ra l, a

fl are is a ve rt ic a l st a c k util ize d f

or c omb us tin ge xce ss o r w a ste g a se s. 112. The Ac rylonitrile Flare is a steam-a ssisted flare
. 113. Acr

ylonitrile and ac etonitrile are listed chemica ls in Table 1 of Subpart F . Table 1
c la ssi fi e s th e m a s “ Gr ou

p 1 ” c he mic a ls. 11 4. Acet on it ri le a ndacry lo ni tr il e are o rgani c HAP s l is tedin Tab le 2 of S ub partF. 11 5. Th e Ac ry

lon itr ile Pr oc e ss Unit , in c lud ingP03 5 a nd P07 5, and

the Ac e ton itr ile Pr oc e ss Unit , in c lud ingP03 5, P04 8, and P07 4, are “ c he mic a l ma

nu fa c tur ingpr oc e ss u

nit s” within the meaningof Subpart F . 40 C.F.R. §§ 63.100(b), 63.101( b). 11 6. Until Marc h 1 6, 20 05 , th e F a c ili ty ho us e d a pr oc e ss u nit that ma nu fa c tur e d a s a primary product butane diol. 11 7. B uta

ne dio l is a

lis te d c he mic a l in

Ta ble 1 o f S ub pa

rt F . T a ble 1 c la ssi fi e s it

a s a

“ Gr ou p 1 ” c he mic a l. 11 8. At a ll t ime s r e le va

nt t o th is c omp la int , th e B uta ne dio l Pr oc e ss Unit

us e d a s a
re a c tant o r m anu fa c tur e d a s a pr od uc t or c o- pr od uc t ma le ic anhydr ide , me tha no l, a nd a c ry lic acid. 119. Maleic a

nhydride, metha

nol, and ac rylic acid a

re or g anic HA Ps li sted in Table 2 of S ub partF. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 24 of 49. PageID #: 2425

12 0. At a ll t ime s r e le va

nt t o th is c omp la int , th e B uta ne dio l Pr oc e ss Unit

wa s a “che mical manufa cturingproce ss unit” with the meaningof Subpart F . 40 C.F.R. §§ 63.100(b), 63.101(b). 121. The Ac rylonitrile CMP U, Ace tonitrile CMP U, and B utanediol CMPU are a nd
wer e located at a pla

nt site that is a major source within the meaningof Section 112(a )(1) of the CAA, 42. U.S.C. § 7612. 12 2. Th e Ac ry

lon itr ile CMPUand

Ac e ton itr ile CMPUare , a nd the B uta ne dio l CM PU was, subjec t to the NESHAPs found at 40 C.F.R. Part 63, Subparts F, G , and H. 123. P035, P048, P 074, and P075 eac h discharg e a g as strea m that meets the char acte ristics specifie d in 40 C.F.R. § 63.107(b) - ( h). P035, P048, P 074, and P075 there fore
eac h have a

“proc ess vent” w ithin the meaningof 40 C.F.R. § 63.101(b)
. 124. The proc ess vents of P035, P048, P074, and P075 are subjec t to the proce ss vent standards f

ound at 40 C.F.R. Part 63, Subpart G. 125. The F acility

has manufa cture d ace tonitrile and ac rylonitrile since bef ore October 24, 1994. 12 6. Th e Acry lo ni tr il e andAcet on it ri le P roce ss Uni ts hav e beensubj ectto S ub part s F, G, and H sinc e Oc tober 24, 1994. 127. The F acility

beg an manuf

actur ing buta

nediol in September 2000. 128. The B utanediol Proce ss Unit has been subjec t to Subparts F, G, and H since September 2000. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 25 of 49. PageID #: 2526 General Allegations Related to 40 C.F.R . Part 60, Su bpart JJJ 129. The F acility

includes a unit that manufa cture s a produc t known as nitrile re sins. Nitrile resins ar e a the rmoplastic produc t within the meaningof 40 C.F.R. § 63.1312(b)
. 13 0. Th e pr oc e ssi ngun it that ma nu fa c tur e s n itr ile re sin s is kn own a s th e B are x Pro c e ss Unit. The B are x Process Unit includes a collection of e quipment assembled and c onnecte d by ha rd -p ipi ngor

du c tw or k u se d to pr oc e ss r aw m ate ri a ls a nd to m anu fa c tur e nit

ri le re sin s a s it s pr ima ry pr od uc t. 13 1. Th e B are x Pro c e ss Unit is a the rm op la sti c pr od

uc t pr oc e ss u

nit (“ TT PU” ) w ith in the meaningof 40 C.F.R. § 63.1312(b)
. 132. The B are x Process Unit is located at a plant site that is a major sourc e within the meaningof Section 112(a )(1) of the CAA, 42. U.S.C. § 7612. 13 3. Th e B are x Pro c e ss Unit and its a sso c iate d e qu ipm e nt, a s li ste d in 40 C.F .R. § 6 3. 13 10 (a )( 4) , is an “ e xistin ga ff e c te d s ourc e ” wi thi n th e me anin gof 40 C.F .R. § 63.1310(a) (2). 134. The B are x Process Unit is subject to the standar ds founds at 40 C.F.R. Part 63, Subpart J J J and, with ce rtain exceptions not releva nt here , Subpart H. 135. The B are x Process Unit has be en subjec t to the require ments of Subparts J J J and H since June 19, 2001. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 26 of 49. PageID #: 2627 SIP Gene ra l All

e ga tio ns 13 6. On

No ve mbe r 1 4, 19 96 , th e Oh io E nv ir onme nta l Pr ote c tio n A g e nc y (“ Oh io EPA”) issued a

Permit to I nstall, Numbered 03- 9227, with an ef fec tive date of

November

14, 1996, to the Fa cility

(“F acility ’s PTI03-9227" ). 137. Under

the Fa cility ’s PTI03-9227, g as strea ms from P035 are r equire d to be “vente d to a combustion device (AOG I ) . . . .” I d. at Condition 2.E.3 (pag e 12 of 27)
. Ti tle V Gene ra l All

e ga tio ns 138. On Octobe r 29, 2004, Ohio EPA issued a Title V pe rmit Numbered 03- 02-02- 0015, with an ef

fec tive date of

J anuar y 3, 2005, to the Fa cility

(“F acility ’s Title V Permit). The Fa cility ’s Title V Permit incorpora tes as fe dera lly -enf

orce able r equire ments, inter alia, the require ments of 40 C.F.R. Part 63, Subparts G, H, a nd J J J , and the F acility ’s PTINo. 03-9227. Fa cility ’s Title V Permit, Part I I(pag es 11, 103-449, 492, a nd 562). 139. The F acility ’s Title V Permit specific ally require s that “[e]m issions from [ the Acr ylonitrile Reaction and Absor ption Section (P035)] unit shall be controlled by the use of a
c los e d p ro c e ss v e nt s y ste m th at is ve nte d to the AO GI
. . . . ” F a c ili ty ’s Ti tle V Pe rm it, Part I I I .A.I .2.e (pa g e 493 of 609)
. 140. The F acility ’s Title V Permit specific ally require s that the Fa cility

cre ate r ecor ds of inspections in ac corda

nce w ith 40 C.F.R. § 63.181. I d. at Part I I I .A.I I I .14 (pag e 499 of 609)
. CERCL A G e ne ra l All

e ga tio ns 14 1. I NE OS i s a

“ pe rs on ” a s d e fi ne d b y

Se c tio n 1 01 (2 1) of

CER CLA, 42 U. S.C. § 9601(21), a

nd 40 C.F.R. § 302.3. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 27 of 49. PageID #: 2728

142. The F acility

consists of buildings, structure s, and equipment whe re a hazardous substance ha s been de posited, stored, disposed of, or place d, or otherw ise come to be located. 14 3. Th e F a c ili ty

is a “ fa c ili ty ,” a s d e fi ne d b y

Se c tio n 1 01 (9 ) o f C ERC LA, 42 U. S.C. § 9601(9), a

nd 40 C.F.R. § 302.3. 144. At a ll t ime s r e le va

nt t o th is c ivi l c omp la int , I NE OS w a s “ in c ha

rg e of ” the F a c ili ty as that phra se is used in Section 103 of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a). 145. Acr olein is a hazardous substanc e, as de fined unde r Section 101(14) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9601(14) and 40 C.F.R. Part 302.4, with an RQ of one (1) pound, as listed in 40 C.F.R. § 302.4, Table 302.4. 146. Acr

ylonitrile is a hazardous substance , as def ined under

Section 101(14) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9601(14) and 40 C.F .R. Part 302.4, with an RQ of one hundr ed (100) pounds, as listed in 40 C.F.R. § 302.4, Table 302.4. 147. Hydrog en Cy anide is a ha zardous substance, a s defined unde r Section 101(14) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9601(14) and 40 C.F .R. Part 302.4, with an RQ of ten (10) pounds, as listed in 40 C.F.R. § 302.4, Table 302.4. EPC RA G e ne ra l All

e ga tio ns 14 8. I NE OS i s a

“ pe rs on ” wi thi n th e me anin gof Se c tio n 3 29 (7 ) o f E PCRA , 4 2 U .S. C. § 11049(7). 149. I NEOS is the “owne r or ope rator” of the F acility , within the meaningof Section 304 of EPCRA. 150. The F acility

consists of buildings, equipment a nd structure s which ar e located on a sing le site and whic h are owned by the same pe rson. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 28 of 49. PageID #: 2829

151. The F acility

is a “fa cility ” within the meaningof Section 329(4) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11049(4). 152. The F acility

is a fac ility

at which ha zardous chemica ls are pr oduced, use d, or stored. 153. Acr olein is a hazardous substanc e, as de fined unde r Section 101(14) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9601(14) and 40 C.F.R. Part 302.4, with an RQ of one (1) pound, as listed in 40 C.F.R. § 302.4, Table 302.4. 154. Acr

ylonitrile is a hazardous substance , as def ined under

Section 101(14) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9601(14) and 40 C.F .R. Part 302.4, with an RQ of one hundr ed (100) pounds, as listed in 40 C.F.R. § 302.4, Table 302.4. 155. Hydrog en Cy anide is a ha zardous substance, a s defined unde r Section 101(14) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9601(14) and 40 C.F .R. Part 302.4, with an RQ of ten (10) pounds, as listed in 40 C.F.R. § 302.4, Table 302.4. 156. At all times releva nt to this Complaint, t he Ohio EPA wa s the state eme rg ency
re sp on se c omm iss ion

(“ SER C” ) f

or Oh io, un de r S e c tio n 3 01 (a ) o f E PCRA , 4 2 U .S. C. ' 11001(a)
. 157. At all times releva nt to this Complaint, t he Allen County Emerg ency

Manag ement Ag ency was the loc al emer g ency planningcommittee (“ L EPC”) for a n are a likely

to be af fec ted by a re lease from the F acility , under Sec tion 301(c) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11001(c). Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 29 of 49. PageID #: 2930 F IR ST C LA IMF OR

RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 7412 Sub part H: 40 C.F .R. §§ 63.168(b)(1) , 63.174(a)( 1) and 63.180(b)(1);

40 C.F .R. P art 60, A ppend ix A, Met hod 21 F ail ur e to P e r for m M e th od 2 1 M oni to r ing Co r r e c tl y 15 8. Pla int if

f r e a lle g e s and

inc or po ra te s b y re fe re nc e Para g ra

ph s 1 thr ou g h 1 40 a s if fully set forth he rein. 159. Subpart F, at 40 C.F.R. § 63.102(a), r equire s an owne r or ope rator of eac h
a ff e c te d s ourc e to c omp ly

wi th t he re qu ir e me nts of

the NE SHA P f

or Eq uip me nt L e aks , Subpart H, 40 C.F.R. §§ 63.160 - 63.183. 160. Wit h cer

tain exceptions and alternatives not releva nt here , Subpart H re quires an
owner or oper ator to monitor, inte r a lia , valves a nd connec tors using a

monitoring method kn own a s Me tho d 2 1, fo un d at 40 C.F .R. Part 60 , App e nd ix A, Me tho d 2 1. 40 C.F .R. §§ 63.168(b)( 1), 63.174(a )(1) , and 63.180(b) (1). 161. Fr om at least De cembe r 10, 2003, through April 2005, I NEOS failed to pe rfor

m Method 21 monitoring c orre ctly on valves a

nd connec tors in the Ace tonitrile Process Unit and Ac ry lon itr ile Pr oc e ss Unit
. 16 2. I NE OS’ s f a ilure , f ro m at le a st D e c e mbe r 1 0, 20 03 , thro ugh Apr il 2 00 5, to perf orm Method 21 monitoring c orre ctly on valves a

nd connec tors in the Ace tonitrile and Acr ylonitrile Process Units, is in viol ation of Section 112 of the CAA , 42 U.S.C. § 7412, and the implementing r egulations at 40 C.F.R. §§ 63.102(a) , 63.168(b)( 1), 63.174(a )(1) and 63.180(b)( 1). 163. On information and be lief, additional violations of the ty pe alleg ed in the pr e c e din gpa

ra g ra ph s c ontin

ue d to the date of

the fi lin gof

thi s Co mpl a int
. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 30 of 49. PageID #: 3031

16 4. As pr ov ide d in

Se c tio n 1 13 (b ) o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( b) , a nd purs ua nt t o the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to injunctive relief and civil pena lties of up to $27,500 per da y for e ach violation betwee n J anuar

y 31, 1997, and Mar ch 15, 2004; up to $32,500 per da y for e ach violation betwee n Marc h 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009; and up to $37,500 per da y for e ach violation on and af ter January

13, 2009. SEC ON D C LA IMF OR RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 7412 Sub part H: 40 C.F .R. § 63.168(f)(2); Sub part JJJ: 40 C.F .R. § 63.1331(a) F ailure to Make F irst At tem pt to Repair Leaking Valves wi thin 5 d ays 165. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 140 and 159 as if fully

set forth he rein. 166. Wit h cer

tain differ ence s that are inapplicable he re, Subpar t J J J require s the owner or oper ator of a

n aff ecte d source to comply

with Subpart H. 40 C.F.R. § 63.1331(a)
. 167. Subpart H re quires that a f irst attempt at repa ir of a va lve be made no later tha n 5 cale ndar da

y s after a lea k is detecte d. 40 C.F.R. § 63.168(f) (2). 168. On at lea st 4 occa sions, I NEOS failed to make a first attempt at repa ir of a va lve in the Buta

nediol Process Unit within 5 cale ndar da y s after leaks we re de tected in Ma y of 2004. 169. On at lea st 2 occa sions, I NEOS failed to make a first attempt at repa ir of a va lve in the Ba rex Process Unit within 5 calenda r day s after

leaks we re de tected in Oc tober of 2004. 170. I NEOS’s fa ilure, on at lea st 6 occa sions from May to November

of 2004 to make a first attempt at repa ir of a va lve within 5 calenda r day s after

a leak was de tected is in violation Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 31 of 49. PageID #: 3132

of Se c tio n 1 12 of

the CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 2, and the imp le me nti ngre gulatio ns at 40 C.F .R. §§ 63.102(a) , 63.1331(a) , and 63.168(f )(2)
. 17 1. As pr ov ide d in

Se c tio n 1 13 (b ) o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( b) , a nd purs ua nt t o the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to civil penalties of up to $32,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January

12, 2009. THI RD CL AI M F OR RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 7412 Sub part H: 40 C.F .R. §§ 63.168(b) and 63.168(d)(2) F ailure to Monitor V alves in FirstQuarterof 2005 172. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 140 and 159 as if fully

set forth he rein. 17 3. Sub pa

rt H r e qu ir e s th e owne r o r o pe ra tor of va lve s in a pr oc e ss u nit that ha s a rolling a vera g e valve leak r ate of

less than 2% but g reater than or equal to 1% to monitor such valves onc e ea ch quar

ter. 40 C.F.R. §§ 63.168(b) , 63.168(d)( 2). 174. In the fourth qua

rter of 2004, I NEOS ca lculated a

rolling a vera g e leak rate for valves in the Ac etonitrile Process Unit at less than 2% perc ent but g reater than 1%
. 175. I NEOS was r equire d to monitor the valves in the Ace tonitrile Process Unit in the first quarte r of 2005. 17 6. I NE OS f a ile d to mon ito r t

he va lve s in

the Ac e ton itr ile Pr oc e ss Unit in t he fi rs t quarte r of 2005. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 32 of 49. PageID #: 3233

17 7. I NE OS’ s f a ilure to m on ito r t

he va lve s in

the Ac e ton itr ile Pr oc e ss Unit in t he fi rs t quarte r of 2005 is a violation of Sec tion 112 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412, and the implementing r egulations at 40 C.F.R. §§ 63.168(b) a nd 63.168(d)( 2). 17 8. As pr ov ide d in

Se c tio n 1 13 (b ) o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( b) , a nd purs ua nt t o the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to civil penalties of up to $32,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January

12, 2009. F OU RT H C LA IMF OR RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 7412 Sub part H: 40 C.F .R. § 63.167(a)( 1) F ailure to Equi p Op en-Ended Valves or Lin es wi th a Cap, Bli nd Flange, P lug, or Second Valve 179. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 140 and 159 as if fully

set forth he rein. 180. Wit h cer

tain exceptions not relevant he re, Subpar t H require s eac h open-e nded
va lve or lin e (“ OE L ” ) t o b e e qu ipp e d w itha c a p, bli nd fl ang e , p lug , o r s e c on d v a lve . 4 0 C. F .R. § 63.167(a) (1). 18 1. F or

c e rt a in O EL s in

the pr oc e ss u

nit s/b uil din g s a

nd tim e pe ri od s se t f

or th i n Ap pe nd ix A, I

NE OS f a ile d to e qu ip e a c h O EL

wi th a c a p, bli nd fl ang e , p lug , o r s e c on d v a lve , in violation of Section 112 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412, and the implementingregulation at 40 C.F.R. § 63.167(a) (1). 18 2. As pr ov ide d in

Se c tio n 1 13 (b ) o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( b) , a nd purs ua nt t o the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to civil penalties of up to $32,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 33 of 49. PageID #: 3334

2004, and January

12, 2009; and up to $37,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter January 13, 2009. F IF TH C LA IMF OR RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 7412 Sub part H: 40 C.F .R. § 63.167(a)( 2) F ailure to Ensu re t hat the Cap, Blin d Flange, P lug or Second Valve Se als th e Ope n End o n an O pe n- Ende d Va lve and L ine 183. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 140 and 159 as if fully

set forth he rein. 184. Subpart H re quires the c ap, blind flang e, plug , or sec ond valve that e quips an open-e nded valve or line to seal the ope n end at a ll tim es except duringoperations requiring proce ss fluid flow throug h the open- ended va lve or line, or dur ing ma intenance or re pair. 40 C.F.R. § 63.167(a) (2). 18 5. As of

Ap ri l 20 05 , at le a st f

ive op e n- e nd e d li ne s in

the Ac e ton itr ile Pr oc e ss Unit and at lea st eig ht open-e nded lines in the Ac rylonitrile Process Unit that wer e equippe d with a
c a p, bli nd fl ang e , p lug , o r s e c on d v a lve we re fo un d to be le akin g . T he c a ps , b lin d f

lang e s, plu g s, and/or sec ond valves did not seal the ope n end of the open-e nded valve or line. 186. At the time of the discove ry of the thirtee n leakingopen-e nded lines, I NEOS’s operations did notrequire proce ss fluid flow throug h the open- ended va lve or line nor w as I NE OS c on du c tin gma int e na nc e or re pa ir on the op e n- e nd e d li ne s. 187. I NEOS’s fa ilure to ensure that the ca p, blind flang e, plug , or sec ond valve se al the op e n e nd on at le a st 1 3 o pe n- e nd e d li ne s is in v iol atio n o f S e c tio n 1 12 of the CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7412, and the implementingregulation at 40 C.F.R. § 63.167(a) (2). Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 34 of 49. PageID #: 3435

18 8. As pr ov ide d in

Se c tio n 1 13 (b ) o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( b) , a nd purs ua nt t o the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to civil penalties of up to $32,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January

12, 2009; and up to $37,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter January 13, 2009. SIX TH C LA IMF OR RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 7412 Subpa r t H : 4 0 C .F .R . § 63 .1 67 (b ) F ailure to P roperly Operat e Open-End ed Valves that ar e Equi pped w ith a Second Valve 189. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 140 and 159 as if fully

set forth he rein. 19 0. Sub pa

rt H r e qu ir e s e a c h o pe n- e nd e d v a lve or lin e e qu ipp e d w itha

se c on d v a lve to be oper ated in a ma

nner suc h that the valve on the proce ss fluid end (upstrea m) is closed bef

ore the sec ond valve is closed ( downstream or end of pipe ). 40 C.F.R. § 63.167(b)
. 19 1. I NE OS r outin e ly

take s sa mpl e s o f p ro c e ss f

lui d f ro m th e Ac e ton itr ile Pr oc e ss Unit and the Ac rylonitrile Process Unit using a sy stem called a

“Strahman SamplingValve Sy stem.” 192. A Strahman SamplingValve Sy stem consists of a Strahman Va lve and a nother valve upstre am from it (“ Upstrea m Valve” ). 193. The Upstre am Valve within a Strahman Sampling V alve Sy stem has one side of its seat in contact with proc ess fluid and the othe r side open to the atmosphere a nd is an open-e nded line or va lve within the meaningof 40 C.F.R. § 63.161. 194. The Upstre am Valve is equipped with a sec ond valve, whic h, in the case of the Strahman Sampling V alve Sy stem, is the Strahman Valve itself. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 35 of 49. PageID #: 3536

195. In turn, the Strahman Va lve is equipped with a c ap, blind flang e, plug , or anothe r
va lve that c an b e op e ne d in or de r t o ta

ke sampl e s. 196. As of Apr il 2005, I NEOS failed to ope rate three Strahman Sampling V alve Sy stems in the Acetonitrile Proce ss Unit and one Strahman SamplingValve Sy stem in the Acr ylonitrile Process Unit in a manner such that the Upstre am Valve was c losed befor e the Strahman Va lve was c losed. 197. I NEOS’s fa ilure to close the U pstream Va lves prior to closingthe Strahman Valves on the four Strahma n Sampling Va lve Sy stems is in vi olation of Section 112 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412, and the implementing r egulation at 40 C.F.R. § 63.167(b). 19 8. As pr ov ide d in

Se c tio n 1 13 (b ) o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( b) , a nd purs ua nt t o the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to civil penalties of up to $32,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January

12, 2009; and up to $37,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter January 13, 2009. SEV EN TH C LA IMF OR RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 7412 Sub parts H: 40 C.F .R. § 63.162(c ); Subp art JJJ: 40 C.F .R. § 1331(a)

F ail ur e to Ide nt ify Eq uipm e nt Sub jec t to Leak De tec tion and Repair (“LDAR ”) Re qui rem ents 199. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 140, 159, and 166 as if f

ully set forth he rein. 20 0. Sub pa

rt H r e qu ir e s e a c h p ie c e of

e qu ipm e nt i n a

pr oc e ss u nit to whic h Su

bp art H applies to be identified suc h that it can be distinguished rea dily from equipment that is not subject to Subpart H. 40 C.F.R. § 63.162(c ). Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 36 of 49. PageID #: 3637

201. Wit h cer

tain differ ence s that are inapplicable he re, Subpar t J J J require s the owner or oper ator of a

n aff ecte d source to comply

with Subpart H. 40 C.F.R. § 1331(a)
. 20 2. B e g inn ingno late r t ha n Jan ua ry of 20 05 , a nd lik e ly c omm e nc inge arl ie r t

ha n th at, I N E O S f a il e d to id e n ti f y nume r o u s p ie c e s o f

e qu ip me n t i nth e A c e to n it r il e , A c r ylo n it r il e , B ar e x,
and B uta ne dio l Pr oc e ss Unit s th at w e re su bje c t to Sub pa

rt H i n a mann e r t hat r e a dil y distinguished those piec es of e quipment from equipment that wa s not subject to Subpart H. 203. I NEOS’s fa ilure to identify eac h piece of equipment in proc ess units to which the leak de tection and r epair

require ments of Subpart H a pplies is in viol ation of Section 112 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412, and the implementing r egulation at 40 C.F.R. § 63.162(c) and 63.1331(a)
. 204. On information and be lief, additional violations of the ty pe alleg ed in the pr e c e din gpa

ra g ra ph s c ontin

ue d to the date of

the fi lin gof

thi s Co mpl a int
. 20 5. As pr ov ide d in

Se c tio n 1 13 (b ) o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( b) , a nd purs ua nt t o the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to injunctive relief and civil pena lties of up to $32,500 per da y for e ach violation betwee n Marc h 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009; and up to $37,500 per da y for e ach violation on and af ter January

13, 2009. EIG HTH C LA IMF OR RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 7412; Sub part H: 40 C.F .R. § 63.181(g); Title V: 42 U.S.C. § 7661a(a) ; 40 C.F .R. § 70.7(b); Title V P erm it No. 03-02- 02-0015, P art III.A.III.14 F ail ur e to Re c or d Cl os e d- Ve ntSys te m Ins pe c ti ons 206. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 140 and 159 as if fully

set forth he rein. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 37 of 49. PageID #: 3738

207. I NEOS owns and ope rate s the Acr ylonitrile Process Unit which includes a sy stem composed of ha

rd-piping , ductwork, c onnection, and a flow-inducingdevice that transports g ases
or va po rs fr om t

he Ac ry lon itr ile Pr oc e ss Unit

to a c ontr ol d e vic e or

ba c k into t

he pr oc e ss. Th is sy stem is not open to the atmosphere a nd is a “c losed-vent sy stem” within the meaningof 40 C.F.R. § 63.161. 208. This sy stem is subject to the standards f or closed- vent sy stems and control de vices found in Subpart H, 40 C.F.R. § 63.172, and the rec ordkee ping r equire ments associate d there with found in 40 C.F.R. § 63.181. 209. Subpart H re quires that a c losed-vent sy stem consisting of ha rd pipinghave
annua l vi su a l in sp e c tio ns fo r v isi ble , a ud ibl e , o r o lf

a c tor y ind ic atio ns of

le aks . 4 0 C. F .R. § 63.172(f) (1)( ii). 210. Subpart H re quires that a f acility cre ate r ecor ds of its closed-ve nt sy stem inspections. 40 C.F.R. § 63.181(g )(3)
. 211. The F acility ’s Title V Permit require s the Fa cility to cre ate r ecor ds of inspections conducte d in acc ordanc e with 40 C.F.R. § 63.181. See Title V Per mit No. 03-02-02-0015, Part I I I .A.I I I .14 (pag e 499 of 609)
. 21 2. F or

at le a st c a le nd ar ye ars 20 04 and 20 05 , I NE OS f a ile d to c re ate re c or ds of

its
c los e d- ve nt s y ste m in sp e c tio ns . 21 3. I NE OS’ s f a ilure , f or at le a st c a le nd ar ye ars 20 04 and 20 05 , to c re ate re c or ds of its closed-ve nt sy stem inspections are violations of Section 112 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7412, and the imp le me nti ngre gulatio n at 40 C.F .R. § 6 3. 18 1( g ); Se c tio n 5 02 of the CA A, 42 U. S.C. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 38 of 49. PageID #: 3839

§ 7661a, and the implementing r egulations promulgated there under at 40 C.F.R. § 70.7(b); and the F a c ili ty ’s Ti tle V Pe rm it. 21 4. As pr ov ide d in

Se c tio n 1 13 (b ) o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( b) , a nd purs ua nt t o the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to civil penalties of up to $27,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en January 31, 1997, and Mar ch 15, 2004 and up to $32,500 pe r day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January

12, 2009. NI NT H C LA IMF OR RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 7412; Sub part G : 40 C.F .R. § 63.113(a); Title V: 42 U.S.C. § 7661a(a) ; 40 C.F .R. § 70.7(b); F acility’s Title V P erm it; F acility’s P TI No. 03-9227 F ailure to Send Pr ocess Ve nt Streamto a Control De vice 21 5. Pla int if

f r e a lle g e s and

inc or po ra te s b y re fe re nc e Para g ra

ph s 1 thr ou g h 1 40 a s if fully set forth he rein. 216. The Ac rylonitrile Reaction and Absor ption Section (P035) discharg es a g as str e am. 217. This ga s stream satisfies a ll of the cha rac teristics of 40 C.F.R. § 63.107(b) - (h)
. 218. At the point of dischar g e to the atmospher e or point of e ntry to a control de vice, thi s g a s st re am c on sti tut e s a

pr oc e ss v e nt. 219. This proce ss vent is subject to the proce ss vent standards of 40 C.F.R. Part 63, Subpart G. 220. The proc ess vent standa rds provided I

NEOS with sever al alter

native complianc e options. 40 C.F.R. § 63.113(a). F or P035, I NEOS elec ted to comply

with the proce ss vent option found at 40 C.F.R. § 63.113(a) (2). Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 39 of 49. PageID #: 3940

221. I NEOS utiliz ed an A

bsorber Offg as Inciner ator (“ AOGI ”) to c omply with 40 C.F .R. § 6 3. 11 3( a )( 2) . I

n d oin gso , I

NE OS w a s r e qu ir e d to re du c e e mis sio ns of tot a l or g anic HAPs by 98 weight-perc ent or to a c oncentr ation of 20 ppmv, whiche ver w as less string ent. 40 C.F.R. § 63.113(a) (2). 22 2. Th e F a c ili ty ’s PTI 03 -9 22 7 r e qu ir e s th at th e g a s st re ams f ro m th e Ac ry

lon itr ile Reac tion and Absorption Section (P035) be “ vented to a c ombustion device (AO GI ) . . . .” Fa cility ’s PTI03-9227, Condition 2.E.3 (pag e 12 of 27)
. 22 3. Th e F a c ili ty ’s Ti tle V Pe rm it r e qu ir e s th at “ e mis sio ns fr om [the P03 5] un it s ha ll be contr olled by

the use of a

closed proc ess vent sy stem that is vented to the AOGI . . . .” Fa cility ’s Title V Permit, Part I I I .A.I .2.e (pa g e 493 of 609)
. 224. Duringat least the pe riods of Jul y 3-4, 2006, Jul y

17-18, 2006, and November

5-6, 2008, I

NEOS failed to c ontrol emissions from the Acr ylonitrile Reaction and Ab s o r p t i o nS e c t i o n( P 0 3 5 ) b y

f a i l i n gt o s e n d

th e s e g a s s tr e am s t o th e A O G I. 225. I NEOS’s fa ilure, duringat least the pe riods of Jul y 3-4, 2006, Jul y

17-18, 2006, and Nove mber 5-6, 2008, to se nd the proc ess vent strea ms from the Ac rylonitrile Reaction and Ab so rp tio n Se c tio n ( P03 5) to t he AO GI is a vio latio n o f S e c tio n 1 12 of the CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7412, and the implementingregulation at 40 C.F.R. § 63.113(a) (2); Section 502 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7661a, and the implementingregulation at 40 C.F.R. § 70.7(b); the F acility ’s Title V Pe rm it; Se c tio n 1 10 of

the CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 0, and the imp le me nti ngre gulatio n at 40 C.F .R. § 52.23; and the F acility ’s PTINo. 03-9227. 22 6. As pr ov ide d in

Se c tio n 1 13 (b ) o f t

he CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7 41 3( b) , a nd purs ua nt t o the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 40 of 49. PageID #: 4041

subject I NEOS to injunctive relief and civil pena lties of up to $32,500 per da y for e ach violation betwee n Marc h 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009. TEN TH C LA IMF OR

RE LIEF 42 U.S.C. § 9603 F ailure to Notify National Response Centerin Violation of CERCLA 227. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 12 and 89 throug h 93 as if fully

set forth he rein. 228. Section 103(a) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a), r equire s a per son in charg e of an onshore or an of

fshore fac ility

to immediately

notify the National Response Center a s soon as that person ha s knowledg e of a ny rele ase of

a hazar dous substance f

rom such fa cility

in an amount equal to or greater than the amount deter mined pursuant to Section 102 of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9602 (the "Re portable Q uantity ")
. 229. I NEOS is “in char g e of” the Fa cility , within the meaningof Section 103(a ) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a). 230. The F acility

is an “onshore fac ility ,” within the meaningof Section 103(a ) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a). 231. On seve ral oc casions since 2004, including w ithout li mitation, J une 1, 2004, September 26, 2004, a

nd J uly 3-4, 2006, there wer e “r elea ses,” within the mea ning of Sections 103(a) and 101(22) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. §§ 9603(a), 9601( 22), of “ hazardous substance s,” within the meaningof Sections 103(a ) and 101( 14) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. §§ 9603(a), 9601(14), at the Fa cility . These ha zardous substances inc luded, without limi tation, acr olein,
a c ry lon itr ile , a

nd hydr og e n c y anid e , a

nd we re re le a se d in

an amou nt gre ate r t

ha n th e ir Re po rt a ble Qu anti tie s. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 41 of 49. PageID #: 4142

232. The re lease s were not “fe dera lly permitted re lease s” as that ter m is used in Section 103(a) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a), a nd 40 C.F.R. § 302.6, and def ined in Section 101(10) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9601(10). 233. I NEOS had knowle dg e within the meaningof Section 103(a ) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a), of a

t least some, if not all, of the r elea ses listed in Paragraph 231 at or about the time the re lease s occur red. 234. I NEOS failed to immediately notify the National Response Center of the re lease s listed in P ara g raph 231, f or ea ch of the hazardous substance s relea sed, as soon a s it had kn ow le dg e of

the re le a se wi thi n th e me anin gof Se c tio n 1 03 (a ) o f C ERC LA, 42 U. S.C. § 9603(a)
. 235. The a cts or omissions refe rre d to in the prec edingpara g raphs c onstitut e violations of Section 103(a ) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a). 236. Pursuant to Section 109(c)( 1) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9609(c)( 1), and pur suant to the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to civil penalties of up to $32,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January

12, 2009; and up to $37,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter Janu ary 13 , 2 00 9. Ad dit ion a lly , in the c a se of

a se c on d o r s ub se qu e nt v iol atio n, I NE OS i s subject to a c ivil penalty

of up to $97,500 per da

y for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January

12, 2009; and up to $107,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter January 13, 2009. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 42 of 49. PageID #: 4243 ELEV EN TH C LA IMF OR RE LIEF 42 U. S.C . § 11 00 4( a) and ( b) F ailure to Notify SERC in Violation of EPC RA 237. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 12 and 89 throug h 100 as if fully

set forth he rein. 238. Section 304(a) and (b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C . § 11004(a) and (b) , require s the
owne r a nd op e rator of a fa c ili ty at w hic h a

ha zar do us c he mic a l is pr od uc e d, us e d, or

sto re d, to immediately

notify the State Emerg ency

Response Commissi on (“SERC”) of c erta in specified rele ases of

a hazar dous or extremely hazardous substance
. 239. I NEOS is the “owne r and ope rator” of the F acility , within the meaningof Section 304(a) and (b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C . § 11004(a) and (b)
. 240. The F acility

is a “fa cility ” at whic h “hazar dous chemica ls” are produce d, used or stored, within the meaningof Section 304(a ) and ( b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11004(a) and (b). 241. On seve ral oc casions since 2004, including w ithout li mitation, J uly 3-4, 2006, there wer e “r elea ses,” of “hazar dous substances,” within the meaningof Section 304(a ) and (b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C . § 1104(a) and (b) , at the F acility . These hazardous substances inc luded, without lim itation, acrole in, acr ylonitrile, and hydrog en cyanide, a nd wer e re lease d in an amount g r e at e r th anth e R e p o rt a

b l e Q u an t i ty. 242. The re lease s require d notice under 103(a) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. ' 9603(a)
. 24 3. Th e re le a se s w e re no t “ fe de ra lly pe rm itt e d r e le a se s” a s th at te rm is u se d in Se c tio n 1 03 (a ) o f C ERC LA, 42 U. S.C. § 9 60 3( a ), and 40 C.F .R. § 3 02 .6 , a

nd de fi ne d in Section 101(10) of

CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9601(10). 24 4. Th e State of

Oh io w a s li ke ly

to b e a ff e c te d b y the re le a se s. Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 43 of 49. PageID #: 4344

245. I NEOS had knowle dg e within the meaningof Sections 304(a ) and ( b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11004(a) a

nd (b), of at least some, if not a ll, of the rele ases listed in Paragraph 241 at or about the time the r elea ses occ urre d. 24 6. I NE OS f a ile d to imm e diate ly

no tif y the SER C ( i.e. , Ohio EPA) of the r elea ses listed in P ara g raph 241, f or ea ch of the hazardous substance s relea sed, as soon a s it had kn ow le dg e of

the re le a se wi thi n th e me anin gof Se c tio n 1 03 (a ) o f C ERC LA, 42 U. S.C. § 9603(a)
. 247. The a cts or omissions refe rre d to in the prec edingpara g raphs c onstitut e violations of Section 304(a ) and (b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11004(a) and (b). 248. Pursuant to Section 325(b)(3) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C . § 11045(b)( 3), and pursua nt to the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to civil penalties of up to $32,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January

12, 2009; and up to $37,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter January 13, 2009. Additionally , in the case of a se cond or subse quent violation, I NEOS is subject to a civil penalty

of up to $97,500 per da

y for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009; and up to $107,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter January 13, 2009. TWE LF TH C LA IMF OR RE LIEF 42 U. S.C . § 11 00 4( a) and ( b) F ailure to Notify LEPC in Violation of EPC RA 249. Plaintiff rea lleg es and inc orporates by ref ere nce Par agraphs 1 through 12, 89 throug h 100, and 239 through 240 as if fully set forth he rein. 250. Section 304(a) and (b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C . § 11004(a) and (b) , require s the
owne r a nd op e rator of a fa c ili ty at w hic h a

ha zar do us c he mic a l is pr od uc e d, us e d, or

sto re d, to Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 44 of 49. PageID #: 4445

immediately

notify the L ocal Eme rg ency

Planning Commission (“L EPC”) of ce rtain spec ified rele ases of

a hazar dous or extremely hazardous substance
. 251. On seve ral oc casions since 2004, including w ithout li mitation, J une 1, 2004, September 26, 2004, July 3-4, 2006, and July

17-18, 2006, there wer e “r elea ses,” within the meaningof Section 304(a ) and (b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 1104(a) and (b), at the F acility
. These hazardous substances inc luded, without limi tation, acr olein, acr ylonitrile, and hydrog en
c y anid e , a nd we re re le a se d in

an amou nt gre ate r t

ha n th e ir Re po rt a ble Qu anti tie s. 252. The re lease s descr ibed in Paragraph 251 r equire d notice under 103(a) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. ' 9603(a)
. 253. The re lease s descr ibed in Paragraph 251 w ere not “fe dera lly permitted re lease s” as that term is used in Section 103(a) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a), a nd 40 C.F.R. § 302.6, and define d in Section 101(10) of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. § 9601(10). 254. The a

rea subject to the jurisdiction of the Allen County Emerg ency

Manag ement Ag e nc y wa s li ke ly

to b e a ff e c te d b y the re le a se s. 255. I NEOS had knowle dg e within the meaningof Sections 304(a ) and ( b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11004(a) a

nd (b), of at least some, if not a ll, of the rele ases listed in Paragraph 251 at or about the time the r elea ses occ urre d. 256. I NEOS failed to immediately notify the L EPC – the Allen County Emerg ency Manag ement Ag ency

– of the re lease s listed in P ara g raph 251, f or ea ch of the hazardous substances r elea sed, as soon a s it had knowledg e of the rele ase w ithin the meaningof Section 103(a) of CERCL A, 42 U.S.C. § 9603(a). Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 45 of 49. PageID #: 4546

257. The a cts or omissions refe rre d to in the prec edingpara g raphs c onstitut e violations of Section 304(a ) and (b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. § 11004(a) and (b). 258. Pursuant to Section 325(b)(3) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C . § 11045(b)( 3), and pursua nt to the Fe dera l Civi l Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, the violations set for th above subject I NEOS to civil penalties of up to $32,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January

12, 2009; and up to $37,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter January 13, 2009. Additionally , in the case of a se cond or subse quent violation, I NEOS is subject to a civil penalty

of up to $97,500 per da

y for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009; and up to $107,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter January 13, 2009. P RA YE R F OR

RE LIEF WHEREFORE, based upon a ll the alleg ations contained in Para g raphs 1 through 258
a bo ve , th e Un ite d St ate s o f Ame ri c a re qu e sts that th is C ourt : 1. Permane ntly

enjoin I NEOS from ope ratingits chemical manuf actur ing ope rations
at th e F a c ili ty

e xce pt i n a c c or da

nc e wi th t he CA A a nd any a pp lic a ble re gulator

y re qu ir e me nts ; 2. Or de r I

NE OS t o r e me dy

the F a c ili ty ’s pa st v iol atio ns of le ak d e te c tio n a

nd re pa ir
re qu ir e me nts by , amon goth e r t hin g s, c omp lyingwi th S e c tio n 1 12 of the CA A, 42 U. S.C. § 7412, and the implementingregulations in S ubparts F , H, and JJ J , of Part 63 of Title 40 of the Cod e of F e de ra l Re gulatio ns ; 3. Assess a c ivil penalty ag ainst I NEOS of up to $27,500 per day for e ach violation of the CAA, CERCL A, and EPCRA occur ringbetwee n J anuar

y 31, 1997, and Mar ch 15, 2004; up to $32,500 for ea ch violation occur ringbetwee n Marc h 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009; and
u p t o $ 3 7 , 5 0 0 p e r

d ay f o r e a c hv i o l at i o no c c ur

r i n go nan d

a f t e r J anu ar y 1 3 , 2 0 0 9
. A d d i t i o n a l l y, Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 46 of 49. PageID #: 4647

in t he c a se of a se c on d o r s ub se qu e nt v iol atio n o f C ERC LA a nd EPC RA , a sse ss a

c ivi l pe na lty ag ainst I NEOS of up to $82,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en January 31, 1997, and Marc h 15, 2004; up to $97,500 per day for e ach violation betwe en Mar ch 16, 2004, and January 12, 2009; and up to $107,500 per da y for e ach violation on and a fter January 13, 2009; 4. Awar d Plaintiff its costs of this action; and, 5. Gra

nt such other r elief a s the Court deems just and prope r. Respectf ully submitt ed,
/s/ I g nacia

S. Moreno I GNACIA S. MORENO Assistant Attorney

Gene ral Environment and Na

tural Resourc es Division United States Depa

rtment of Just ice

/s/ Robert H. Smi th ROBERT H. SMI TH Special Attorne y Environment and Na

tural Resourc es Division United States Depa

rtment of Just ice 7 7 W
. Ja c k s o nB l v d
. ( C
- 1 4 J) Chicag o, I L60604 (312) 886- 0765 ( 3 1 2 ) 6 9 2
- 2 0 1 1 ( f

a x) smith.roberth@epa .g ov Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 47 of 49. PageID #: 4748 / s /An n et t e M
. L an g ANNETT E M. LANG Trial Attorne y Environment and Na

tural Resourc es Division United States Depa

rtment of Just ice P.O. Box 7611 Be n Fr anklin Station Washington, DC 20044-7611 (202) 514- 4213 (202) 616- 6584 annette.la ng @usdoj.gov
STEVEN M. DETTEL BA CH United States Attorney No rt he rn Di str ic t of

Oh io

B y : /s/ An g e lit a Cr uz B ri dg e s ANGEL I TA CRUZ BRI DGES (0072688) Assistant United States Attorney No rt he rn Di str ic t of

Oh io Suite 308, Four Sea g ate Third F loor Toledo, OH 43604 (419) 259- 6376 (419) 256- 6360 (F AX) ang elita.bridg es@usdoj.g ov Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 48 of 49. PageID #: 4849 APP EN DI X A Com plain t in US v. INEO S (N.D. of Oh io 2012) Ope n- Ende d Va lve s a nd Line s N otEquipp e d wit h Cl os ur e De vic e s – F our th Cl aim Year P roce ss Unit Num ber of Op en-Ended L ines Ace tonitrile Acr ylonitrile Barex 2005 5 15
- 20 2007 23 144 23 190 2008 19 68 25 112 2009 4 44 32 80 2010 2 18 7 27 2011
- 1 3 4 Total 53 290 90 433 Case: 3:12-cv-01404 Doc #: 1 Filed: 06/04/12 49 of 49. PageID #: 49