[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 46 (Thursday, March 11, 2021)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 13846-13872]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-03920]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 141

[EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530; FRL 10019-46-OW]
RIN 2040-AF89


Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) 
for Public Water Systems and Announcement of Public Meeting

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.

ACTION: Proposed rule and notice of public meeting.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) is 
proposing a Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) rule that would require 
public water systems to collect national occurrence data for 29 per- 
and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and lithium. This proposed rule 
would require all community and non-transient non community water 
systems serving 3,300 or more people, and a representative sample of 
smaller water systems, to conduct monitoring. PFAS and lithium are not 
currently subject to national primary drinking water regulations, and 
EPA is proposing to require the collection of drinking water occurrence 
data to inform EPA decisions. This proposal fulfills a key commitment 
in ``EPA's 2019 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Action 
Plan'' (https://www.epa.gov/pfas/epas-pfas-action-plan) by proposing 
the collection of more drinking water occurrence data for a broader 
group of PFAS. EPA is also announcing two public meetings (via webinar) 
to discuss this proposal of the fifth Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5).

DATES: Comments must be received on or before May 10, 2021. Under the 
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), comments on the information collection 
provisions are best assured of consideration if the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) receives a copy of your comments on or 
before April 12, 2021.

ADDRESSES: You may send comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-
OW-2020-0530, by any of the following methods:
    <bullet> Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov/ 
(our preferred method). Follow the online instructions for submitting 
comments.
    <bullet> Mail: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Docket 
Center, Water Docket, Mail Code 28221T, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, 
Washington, DC 20460.
    <bullet> Hand Delivery or Courier (by scheduled appointment only): 
EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution 
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004. The Docket Center's hours of 
operations are 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m., Monday-Friday (except Federal 
Holidays).
    Instructions: All submissions received must include the Docket ID 
No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530 for this rulemaking. Comments received may be 
posted without change to https://www.regulations.gov/, including any 
personal information provided. For detailed instructions on sending 
comments and additional information on the rulemaking process, see the 
``Public Participation'' heading of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 
section of this document.
    Out of an abundance of caution for members of the public and our 
staff, the EPA Docket Center and Reading Room are closed to the public, 
with limited exceptions, to reduce the risk of transmitting COVID-19. 
Our Docket Center staff will continue to provide remote customer 
service via email, phone, and webform.
    We encourage the public to submit comments via https://www.regulations.gov/ or email, as there may be a delay in processing 
mail and faxes. Hand deliveries and couriers may be received by 
scheduled appointment only. For further information on EPA Docket 
Center services and the current status, please visit us online at 
https://www.epa.gov/dockets.
    EPA is offering a virtual meeting twice during the public comment 
period. For more details on the meeting (including dates and times) and 
to register, please visit https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials. Refer to the 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document for additional 
information.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Brenda D. Bowden, Standards and Risk 
Management Division (SRMD), Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water 
(OGWDW) (MS 140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin 
Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; telephone number: (513) 569-
7961; email address: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#8be9e4fcefeee5a5e9f9eee5efeacbeefbeaa5ece4fd"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="7e1c11091a1b10501c0c1b101a1f3e1b0e1f50191108">[email protected]</span></a>; or Melissa Simic, SRMD, 
OGWDW (MS 140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther 
King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; telephone number: (513) 569-7864; 
email address: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#66150f0b0f05480b030a0f1515072603160748010910"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="f182989c9892df9c949d98828290b1948190df969e87">[email protected]</span></a>. For general information, visit 
the Safe Drinking Water Information web page on the internet at: 
https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/safe-drinking-water-information.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Summary Information
    A. Purpose of the Regulatory Action
    1. What action is EPA taking?
    2. Does this action apply to me?
    3. What is EPA's authority for taking this action?
    B. Summary of the Regulatory Action
    C. Economic Analysis
    1. What is the estimated cost of this proposed action?
    2. Benefits of the Proposed Action
II. Public Participation

[[Page 13847]]

    A. Written Comments
    B. What stakeholder meetings have been held in preparation for 
UCMR 5?
    C. How do I participate in the upcoming stakeholder meeting?
    1. Meeting Participation
    2. Meeting Materials
III. General Information
    A. How does EPA use different monitoring tiers to implement the 
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Program?
    B. How are the CCL, the UCMR program, the Regulatory 
Determination process, and the NCOD interrelated?
    C. What are the Consumer Confidence Reporting and Public Notice 
Reporting requirements for public water systems that are subject to 
UCMR?
    D. What notable changes are being proposed for UCMR 5?
    E. How did EPA prioritize candidate contaminants and what 
contaminants are proposed for UCMR 5?
    F. What other contaminants did EPA consider?
    1. Legionella pneumophila
    2. Haloacetonitriles
    3. 1,2,3-trichloropropane
    4. Total Organic Fluorine (TOF)
    G. What are the costs of alternatives to the proposed UCMR 5?
    H. What is the proposed applicability date?
    I. What are the proposed UCMR 5 sampling design and timeline of 
activities?
    1. Sampling Frequency, Timing
    2. Sampling Locations and Ground Water Representative Monitoring 
Plans
    3. Reporting Times
    J. What are the reporting requirements for the UCMR 5?
    K. What are Minimum Reporting Levels (MRLs) and how were they 
determined?
    L. How do laboratories become approved to conduct the UCMR 5 
analyses?
    1. Request To Participate
    2. Registration
    3. Application Package
    4. EPA's Review of Application Package
    5. Proficiency Testing
    6. Written EPA Approval
    M. What documents are being incorporated by reference?
    1. Methods From the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    2. Alternative Methods From American Public Health Association--
Standard Methods (SM)
    3. Methods From ASTM International
    N. What is the State's role in the UCMR?
    O. How did EPA consider Children's Environmental Health?
    P. How did EPA address Environmental Justice?
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and 
Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
    B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments
    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use
    I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
    J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations
V. References

I. Summary Information

A. Purpose of the Regulatory Action

1. What action is EPA taking?
    EPA is proposing a SDWA rule that would require public water 
systems to collect national occurrence data for 29 PFAS and lithium. 
This proposed rule would require all community and non-transient non 
community water systems serving 3,300 or more people, and a 
representative sample of smaller water systems, to conduct monitoring. 
PFAS and lithium are not currently subject to national primary drinking 
water regulations, and EPA is proposing to require collection of the 
data to inform EPA decisions. This proposal fulfills a key commitment 
in ``EPA's 2019 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Action 
Plan'' (USEPA, 2019a) by proposing the collection of more drinking 
water occurrence data for a broader group of PFAS.
    This proposal identifies three analytical methods to support water 
system monitoring for a total of 30 contaminants, consisting of 29 PFAS 
and lithium. This document also describes EPA's evaluation of other 
candidate contaminants, including Legionella pneumophila; four 
haloacetonitriles (dichloroacetonitrile, dibromoacetonitrile, 
trichloroacetonitrile, and bromochloroacetonitrile); 1,2,3-
trichloropropane; and ``total organic fluorine'' (TOF), and invites 
public comment.
2. Does this action apply to me?
    This proposed rule applies to public water systems (PWSs) described 
in this section. PWSs are systems that provide water for human 
consumption through pipes, or constructed conveyances, to at least 15 
service connections or that regularly serve an average of at least 25 
individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. A community water 
system (CWS) is a PWS that has at least 15 service connections used by 
year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round 
residents. A non-transient non-community water system (NTNCWS) is a PWS 
that is not a CWS and that regularly serves at least 25 of the same 
people over 6 months per year. Under this proposal, all large CWSs and 
NTNCWSs serving more than 10,000 people would be required to monitor. 
In addition, all small CWSs and NTNCWs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 
people would be required to monitor, subject to the availability of 
appropriations and appropriate laboratory capacity (see discussion of 
America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 in sections I.A. and I.B of 
this document). A nationally representative sample of CWSs and NTNCWSs 
serving fewer than 3,300 people would also be required to monitor (see 
``Selection of Nationally Representative Public Water Systems for the 
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule: 2020 Update'' for a 
description of the statistical approach for the nationally 
representative sample (USEPA, 2020a)). As is generally the case for 
UCMR sampling, transient non-community water systems (TNCWSs) (i.e., 
non-community water systems that do not regularly serve at least 25 of 
the same people over 6 months per year) would not be required to 
monitor under UCMR 5. States, territories, and tribes with primary 
enforcement responsibility (primacy) to administer the regulatory 
program for PWSs under SDWA (sometimes collectively referred to in this 
notice as ``states''), can participate in the implementation of UCMR 5 
through voluntary Partnership Agreements (see discussion of Partnership 
Agreements in section III.N in this document). Primacy agencies with 
Partnership Agreements can choose to be involved in various aspects of 
the UCMR 5 monitoring for PWSs they oversee; however, the PWS remains 
responsible for all compliance activities. Potentially regulated 
categories and entities are identified in the following table.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Category                        Examples of potentially regulated entities        NAICS \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State, local, & tribal governments............  State, local, and tribal governments that                 924110
                                                 analyze water samples on behalf of PWSs
                                                 required to conduct such analysis; state,
                                                 local, and tribal governments that directly
                                                 operate CWSs and NTNCWSs required to monitor.

[[Page 13848]]

 
Industry......................................  Private operators of CWSs and NTNCWSs required            221310
                                                 to monitor.
Municipalities................................  Municipal operators of CWSs and NTNCWSs required          924110
                                                 to monitor.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ NAICS = North American Industry Classification System.

    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this 
action. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is aware could 
potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities not 
listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine whether your 
entity is regulated by this action, you should carefully examine the 
definition of PWS found in Sec. Sec.  141.2 and 141.3, and the 
applicability criteria found in Sec.  141.40(a)(1) and (2) of Title 40 
in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). If you have questions 
regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, 
please consult the contacts listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT section of this document.
3. What is EPA's authority for taking this action?
    As part of its responsibilities under the SDWA, EPA implements 
Sec.  1445(a)(2), Monitoring Program for Unregulated Contaminants. This 
section, as amended in 1996, requires that once every five years, 
beginning in August 1999, EPA issues a list of not more than 30 
unregulated contaminants to be monitored by PWSs. The SDWA requires 
that EPA enters the monitoring data into the Agency's publicly 
available National Contaminant Occurrence Database (NCOD) at https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/national-contaminant-occurrence-database-ncod.
    EPA must vary the frequency and schedule for monitoring based on 
the number of persons served, the source of supply, and the 
contaminants likely to be found. EPA is using the SDWA Sec.  1445(a)(2) 
authority as the basis for monitoring the unregulated contaminants 
proposed under this rule.
    The SDWA, as amended by Section 2021 of America's Water 
Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA) (Pub. L. 115-270), specifies that, 
subject to the availability of EPA appropriations for such purpose and 
appropriate laboratory capacity, EPA's UCMR program must require all 
systems serving between 3,300 and 10,000 persons to monitor for the 
contaminants in a particular UCMR cycle, and ensure that only a 
nationally representative sample of systems serving fewer than 3,300 
persons are required to monitor for those contaminants. The program 
would continue to ensure that systems serving a population larger than 
10,000 people are required to monitor for the contaminants in a 
particular UCMR cycle. This AWIA provision becomes effective October 
23, 2021 (i.e., prior to the start of UCMR 5 sample collection).
    The SDWA, as amended by Section 7311 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (NDAA) (Pub. L. 116-92), 
specifies that EPA shall include all PFAS in UCMR 5 for which a 
drinking water method has been validated by the Administrator, and that 
are not subject to a national primary drinking water regulation. The 
NDAA specifies that unregulated PFAS included in UCMR 5 shall not count 
towards the traditional SDWA limit of not more than 30 unregulated 
contaminants being included in the UCMR (Sec.  1445(a)(2)(B)(i)).

B. Summary of the Regulatory Action

    EPA is proposing to require PWSs to collect occurrence data for 
29PFAS and lithium. These contaminants may be present in drinking 
water, but are not subject to national primary drinking water 
regulations. This proposal fulfills a key commitment in EPA's 2019 PFAS 
Action Plan (USEPA, 2019a) by proposing the collection of more drinking 
water occurrence data for a broader group of PFAS. More specifically, 
the UCMR 5 proposal identifies the following: Analytical methods to 
measure the UCMR contaminants; monitoring time frame; sampling 
locations; data elements (i.e., information required to be collected 
along with the occurrence data); data reporting timeframes; and 
conforming and editorial changes, such as those necessary to remove 
requirements solely related to UCMR 4.
    This proposal includes monitoring for lithium based on anticipated 
national occurrence in PWS-supplied drinking water and available 
health-effects information that indicates adverse human health effects 
in several organs and systems (USEPA, 2008). Nationally representative 
occurrence data from EPA's National Inorganics and Radionuclides 
Survey, 1984-1986, shows lithium was detected at levels between 5 and 
7,929 [micro]g/L (microgram per liter) in the finished drinking water 
of approximately 55% of PWSs (ground water systems only) (USEPA, 2009). 
In more recent literature, lithium was detected in 56% of treated 
drinking water samples from 25 PWSs at a median concentration of 10.8 
[micro]g/L (Glassmeyer et al., 2017). EPA has determined that 
monitoring for lithium under the UCMR is needed to assess the 
occurrence of this contaminant nationally.
    This proposed action would provide EPA, states, and communities 
with scientifically valid data on the national occurrence of these 
contaminants in drinking water. The data represent one of the primary 
sources of national occurrence data in drinking water that EPA uses to 
inform regulatory and other risk management decisions for drinking 
water contaminant candidates. This proposal identifies three analytical 
methods to be used by laboratories analyzing UCMR samples for the 
unregulated contaminants. In addition, EPA describes how it evaluated 
other candidate contaminants, including Legionella pneumophila; four 
haloacetonitriles (dichloroacetonitrile, dibromoacetonitrile, 
trichloroacetonitrile, and bromochloroacetonitrile); 1, 2, 3-
trichloropropane; and ``total organic fluorine'' (TOF). In section 
III.F, EPA describes why it has not proposed these particular 
contaminants for UCMR 5. The UCMR 5 proposal reflects a consideration 
of the utility of the information to be collected. Due to ongoing 
regulatory evaluations, described in the following sections, data 
collection for Legionella pneumophila and the four haloacetonitriles 
would not be sufficiently timely to be useful.
    This proposed rule reflects the monitoring approach defined in the 
AWIA and thus describes the UCMR 5 scope as including all systems 
serving 3,300 or more people (as opposed to a representative sample of 
those systems serving 3,300 to 10,000), and a representative sample of 
systems serving fewer than 3,300 people. EPA has the statutory 
obligation under the SDWA to pay the ``reasonable cost of such testing 
and laboratory analysis'' for all applicable PWS serving 10,000 or 
fewer individuals. Accordingly, the AWIA conditioned the inclusion of 
all systems serving 3,300 to 10,000 persons in UCMR 5 on the 
availability of appropriations. AWIA also conditioned the inclusion of 
all systems serving 3,300 to 10,000 persons in UCMR 5 on

[[Page 13849]]

a determination by the Administrator of sufficient laboratory capacity 
to analyze the samples.
    Based on EPA's experience over the first four cycles of UCMR 
implementation, and informed by our ongoing engagement with the 
laboratory community, EPA anticipates that sufficient laboratory 
capacity will exist to support the expanded UCMR scope. Regarding EPA's 
resources, however, if EPA concludes that it will not have the 
resources necessary to support the expanded monitoring described by the 
AWIA, the Agency will not promulgate a final rule that requires all 
water systems serving between 3,300 and 10,000 persons to monitor as 
presented in this proposed rule. Accordingly, this proposal also 
describes EPA's alternative plan (i.e., in the absence of adequate 
funds) that would involve selecting a representative sample of small 
PWSs consistent with the approach established under the original (pre-
AWIA) UCMR program (i.e., that used for UCMR 4 and for prior cycles) 
which includes 800 representative water systems serving fewer than or 
equal to 10,000 in the UCMR program. See ``Selection of Nationally 
Representative Public Water Systems for the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule: 2020 Update'' for further details about the nationally 
representative sample (USEPA, 2020a)).
    This proposed rule also addresses the requirements of the NDAA by 
including all 29 PFAS that are within the scope of EPA Methods 533 and 
537.1. Both of these methods have been validated by EPA for drinking 
water analysis.

C. Economic Analysis

1. What is the estimated cost of this proposed action?
    EPA estimates the total average national cost of this proposed 
action will be $21 million per year over the five-year effective period 
of the rule (2022-2026). Costs fall upon large PWSs (for sampling and 
analysis); small PWS (for sampling); state regulatory agencies (i.e., 
those who volunteer to assist EPA with oversight and implementation 
support); and EPA (for regulatory support and oversight activities, and 
analytical and shipping costs for small PWSs). These costs are 
summarized in Exhibit 1. EPA has further documented the assumptions and 
data sources used in the preparation of this estimate in the ``Draft 
Information Collection Request for the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5)'' (USEPA, 2020b).
    Costs for a particular UCMR cycle are heavily influenced by the 
selection of contaminants and associated analytical methods. EPA 
proposes three EPA-developed analytical methods (and, in the case of 
lithium, multiple optional alternative methods) to analyze samples for 
the UCMR 5 chemical contaminants. EPA's estimate of the analytical cost 
for the UCMR 5 contaminants is $950 per sample set (i.e., $950 to 
analyze a set of samples from one sample point and one sample event for 
all of the UCMR 5 contaminants). EPA calculated these costs by summing 
the laboratory unit cost of each method. Exhibit 1 presents a breakdown 
of EPA-estimated annual average national costs. Estimated PWS- (i.e., 
large and very large) and EPA costs reflect the analytical cost (i.e., 
non-labor) for all the UCMR 5 methods. EPA pays for the analytical 
costs for all systems serving a population of 10,000 or fewer people. 
Laboratory analysis and sample shipping account for approximately 82% 
of the total national cost for the implementation of UCMR 5. EPA 
estimated laboratory unit costs based on consultations with multiple 
commercial drinking water testing laboratories and, in the case of new 
methods, a review of the costs of analytical methods similar to those 
proposed in this action. The cost of the laboratory methods includes 
shipping along with the cost for the analysis.
    EPA expects that states may incur modest labor costs associated 
with voluntary assistance with the implementation of UCMR 5. EPA 
estimated state costs using the relevant assumptions from the State 
Resource Model developed by the Association of State Drinking Water 
Administrators (ASDWA) (ASDWA, 2013) to help states forecast resource 
needs. Model estimates were adjusted to account for actual levels of 
state participation under UCMR 4. State assistance with EPA's 
implementation of UCMR 5 is voluntary; thus, the level of effort is 
expected to vary among states and would depend on their individual 
agreements with EPA.
    EPA assumes that one-third of the systems would monitor during each 
of the three sample-collection years from January 2023 through December 
2025. The total estimated annual costs (labor and non-labor) including 
the additional small systems included according to the AWIA mandate 
would be incurred as follows:

  Exhibit 1--Estimated Average Annual Costs of the Proposed UCMR 5 \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Average annual
                       Entity                           cost (million)
                                                        (2022-2026) \2\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small Systems (25-10,000), including labor \3\ only                 $0.3
 (non-labor costs \4\ paid for by EPA)..............
Large Systems (10,001-100,000), including labor and                  7.2
 non-labor costs....................................
Very Large Systems (100,001 and greater), including                  2.3
 labor and non-labor costs..........................
States, including labor costs related to                             0.8
 implementation coordination........................
EPA, including labor for implementation and non-                \5\ 10.5
 labor for small system testing.....................
                                                     -------------------
    Average Annual National Total...................                21.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Based on the scope of small-system monitoring described in AWIA.
\2\ Totals may not equal the sum of components due to rounding.
\3\ Labor costs pertain to systems, states, and EPA. Costs include
  activities such as reading the rule, notifying systems selected to
  participate, sample collection, data review, reporting, and record
  keeping.
\4\ Non-labor costs will be incurred primarily by EPA and by large and
  very large PWSs. They include the cost of shipping samples to
  laboratories for testing and the cost of the laboratory analyses.
\5\ EPA estimates an average annual cost to the Agency of $17M/year
  (over a five-year cycle) for a typical UCMR program that involves the
  expanded scope prescribed by AWIA ($2M/year for the representative
  sample of 800 PWSs serving <3,300 and $15M/year for all PWSs serving
  between 3,300 and 10,000); EPA projects an average annual cost of
  $10.5M for UCMR 5, as proposed, based on the relatively lower than
  typical unit analytical costs associated with the proposed UCMR 5
  contaminants.


[[Page 13850]]

    Additional details regarding EPA's cost assumptions and estimates 
can be found in the Draft Information Collection Request (ICR) (USEPA, 
2020b), ICR Number 2040-NEW, which presents estimated cost and labor 
hours for the 5-year UCMR 5 period of 2022-2026. Copies of the Draft 
ICR may be obtained from the EPA public docket for this proposed rule, 
under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530. See also section III.G of this 
document for a discussion of cost scenarios based on potential changes 
between the publication of this proposed rule and the final rule.
2. Benefits of the Proposed Action
    The public benefits from the information about whether or not 
unregulated contaminants are present in their drinking water. If 
contaminants are not found, consumer confidence in their drinking water 
will improve. If contaminants are found, related health effects may be 
avoided when subsequent actions, such as regulations, reduce or 
eliminate those contaminants.

II. Public Participation

A. Written Comments

    Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-
0530, at https://www.regulations.gov or other methods identified in the 
ADDRESSES section of this document. Once submitted, comments cannot be 
edited or removed from the docket. EPA may publish any comment received 
to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you 
consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Contact EPA if 
you want to submit CBI; see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of 
this document. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be 
accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the 
official comment and should include discussion of all points you wish 
to make. EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents 
located outside of the primary submission (i.e., on the web, cloud, or 
other file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full 
EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia 
submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please 
visit https://www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets. EPA is 
temporarily suspending its Docket Center and Reading Room for public 
visitors, with limited exceptions, to reduce the risk of transmitting 
COVID-19. Our Docket Center staff will continue to provide remote 
customer service via email, phone, and webform. We encourage the public 
to submit comments via https://www.regulations.gov/ as there may be a 
delay in processing mail and faxes. Hand deliveries or couriers will be 
received by scheduled appointment only. For further information and 
updates on EPA Docket Center services, please visit us online at 
https://www.epa.gov/dockets.
    EPA continues to carefully and continuously monitor information 
from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), local area 
health departments, and our Federal partners so that we can respond 
rapidly as conditions change regarding COVID-19.

B. What stakeholder meetings have been held in preparation for UCMR 5?

    EPA incorporates stakeholder involvement into each UCMR cycle. 
Specific to the development of UCMR 5, EPA held two public stakeholder 
meetings and is announcing two additional public meetings via webinars 
in this proposal (see section II.C of this document). EPA held a 
meeting focused on drinking water methods for unregulated contaminants 
on June 6, 2018, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Representatives from state 
agencies, laboratories, PWSs, environmental organizations, and drinking 
water associations joined the meeting via webinar and in person. 
Meeting topics included an overview of regulatory process elements 
(including the Contaminant Candidate List (CCL), UCMR, and Regulatory 
Determination), and drinking water methods under development (see 
USEPA, 2018a for presentation materials). EPA held a second stakeholder 
meeting on July 16, 2019, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Participants 
representing state agencies, tribes, laboratories, PWSs, environmental 
organizations, and drinking water associations participated in the 
meeting via webinar and in person. Meeting topics included the impacts 
of the AWIA, analytical methods and contaminants being considered by 
EPA, potential sampling design, and other possible aspects of the UCMR 
5 approach (see USEPA, 2019b for meeting materials).
    This proposal fulfills a commitment made in EPA's PFAS Action Plan 
found on EPA's website at https://www.epa.gov/pfas/epas-pfas-action-plan. EPA conducted extensive public outreach in the development of the 
PFAS Action Plan (USEPA, 2019a), including gathering diverse 
perspectives through the May 2018 ``National Leadership Summit,'' 
direct engagement with the public in impacted communities in five 
states, engagement with tribal partners, and roundtables conducted with 
community leaders near impacted sites. EPA reviewed approximately 
120,000 comments in the public docket that was specifically established 
to gather input for the PFAS Action Plan (USEPA, 2019a). Through this 
outreach, EPA heard significant concerns from the public on the 
challenges these contaminants pose for communities nationwide, and the 
need for improved understanding of the frequency and concentration of 
PFAS occurrence in finished U.S. drinking water.

C. How do I participate in the upcoming stakeholder meeting?

    EPA will hold two virtual stakeholder meetings during the public 
comment period. Topics will include the proposed UCMR 5 monitoring 
requirements, analyte selection and rationale, analytical methods, the 
laboratory approval process, and ground water representative monitoring 
plans (GWRMPs). If stakeholder interest results in exceeding the 
maximum number of available connections for participants in the first 
two webinar offerings, EPA may schedule additional webinars, with dates 
and times posted on EPA's Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Program 
Meetings and Materials web page at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials.
    Please note that EPA is deviating from its typical approach because 
the President has declared a national emergency. Because of current CDC 
recommendations, as well as state and local orders for social 
distancing to limit the spread of COVID-19, EPA cannot hold in-person 
public meetings at this time.
1. Meeting Participation
    Those who wish to participate in the initial public meeting or 
repeat subsequent webinar offerings can find information on how to 
register, including dates and times, at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials. To 
ensure adequate time for public statements, individuals or 
organizations interested in making a statement should identify their 
interest when they register. We ask that only one person present on 
behalf of a group or organization, and that the presentation be limited 
to ten minutes. Any additional statements from participants will be 
taken during the meeting if time permits. Formal

[[Page 13851]]

comments must be submitted to the docket. The number of webinar 
connections available for the meeting is limited and will be available 
on a first-come, first-served basis. Further details about registration 
and participation can be found on EPA's Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Program Meetings and Materials web page at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials.
2. Meeting Materials
    EPA expects to send meeting materials by email to all registered 
participants prior to the meeting. The materials will be posted on 
EPA's website at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials for persons who do not 
participate in the webinar.

III. General Information

A. How does EPA use different monitoring tiers to implement the 
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Program?

    EPA published the list of contaminants for the first UCMR (UCMR 1) 
in the Federal Register (FR) on September 17, 1999 (64 FR 50556, 
(USEPA, 1999)), the second UCMR (UCMR 2) on January 4, 2007 (72 FR 367, 
(USEPA, 2007)), the third UCMR (UCMR 3) on May 2, 2012 (77 FR 26072, 
(USEPA, 2012)), and the fourth UCMR (UCMR 4) on December 20, 2016 (81 
FR 92666, (USEPA, 2016a)). EPA has utilized up to three different tiers 
of contaminant monitoring, associated with three different ``lists'' of 
contaminants, in past UCMRs. EPA designed the monitoring tiers to 
reflect the availability and complexity of analytical methods, 
laboratory capacity, sampling frequency, and cost, as well as labor 
hours on and the characteristics of PWSs performing the monitoring. For 
example, monitoring that is more complex, costly, and/or tailored is 
more likely to be implemented under the second or third tiers, as 
described below.
    The Assessment Monitoring tier is the largest in scope and is used 
to collect data to determine the national occurrence of ``List 1'' 
contaminants in PWS-supplied drinking water for the purpose of 
estimating national population exposure. The Assessment Monitoring tier 
has been used in the four previous UCMRs to collect occurrence data 
from all systems serving more than 10,000 people and a representative 
sample of 800 smaller systems. Consistent with the AWIA, the Assessment 
Monitoring approach was redesigned for the proposed UCMR 5 and would 
require all systems serving 3,300 or more people and a representative 
sample of systems serving fewer than 3,300 to perform monitoring 
(USEPA, 2020a). The population-weighted sampling design for the 
nationally representative sample of small systems (used in previous 
UCMR cycles to select 800 systems serving 10,000 or fewer, and proposed 
to be used in UCMR 5 to select 800 systems serving fewer than 3,300) 
calls for the sample to be stratified by water source type (ground 
water or surface water), service size category, and state (where each 
state is allocated a minimum of two systems in its State Monitoring 
Plan). The allowable margin of error at the 99% confidence level is 
<plus-minus>1% for an expected contaminant occurrence of 1%. Assessment 
Monitoring is the primary tier used for contaminants and generally 
relies on analytical methods that use more common techniques, and are 
expected to be widely available. EPA has used an Assessment Monitoring 
tier for 72 contaminants and contaminant groups over the course of UCMR 
1 through UCMR 4. The Agency is proposing to exclusively require 
Assessment Monitoring in UCMR 5 and anticipates that this will 
generally be the case in future UCMR cycles when practical, since this 
monitoring approach yields the most complete set of occurrence data to 
support EPA's decision making.
    The Screening Survey tier is smaller in scope than Assessment 
Monitoring, applying to all very large water systems serving more than 
100,000 people, 320 randomly selected systems serving 10,001 to 100,000 
people, and 480 randomly selected systems serving 10,000 or fewer 
people. The Screening Survey approach is used to collect data to 
determine the national occurrence of ``List 2'' contaminants in PWS-
supplied drinking water. This tier generally pertains to monitoring 
with less established analytical techniques, such that laboratory 
capacity and/or cost may be a concern. The Screening Survey design for 
the nationally representative sample of PWSs serving fewer than 100,000 
people has an allowable margin of error of <plus-minus>1% at the 99% 
confidence level for an expected occurrence of 1%; however, unlike 
Assessment Monitoring, the stratified design is not population-
weighted. EPA has used Screening Survey monitoring for 36 contaminants 
over the course of UCMR 1 through UCMR 4. A Screening Survey tier is 
not proposed for UCMR 5 because Assessment Monitoring for the 30 
proposed contaminants has been deemed practical and would allow EPA to 
collect a more robust set of occurrence data than provided for under a 
Screening Survey approach.
    A Pre-Screen Testing tier for ``List 3'' contaminants can be 
customized to meet the specific monitoring objectives for a specific 
group of PWSs. EPA used Pre-Screen Testing to collect data for two 
viruses under UCMR 3. That monitoring relied on specialized analytical 
methods and sampling techniques, and focused on 800 small, 
undisinfected groundwater systems in vulnerable areas. A Pre-Screen 
Testing tier is not proposed for UCMR 5.

B. How are the CCL, the UCMR program, the Regulatory Determination 
process, and the NCOD interrelated?

    Under the 1996 amendments to the SDWA, Congress established a 
multi-step, risk-based approach for determining which contaminants 
would become subject to drinking water standards. Under the first step, 
EPA is required to publish a CCL every five years that identifies 
contaminants that are not subject to any proposed or promulgated 
drinking water regulations, are known or anticipated to occur in PWSs, 
and may require future regulation under the SDWA. Under the second 
step, EPA must require, every five years, monitoring of unregulated 
contaminants to determine their occurrence in drinking water systems; 
this is the UCMR program. Under the third step, EPA is required to 
determine, every five years, whether or not to regulate at least five 
contaminants from the CCL. Under Sec.  1412(b)(1)(A) of the SDWA, EPA 
regulates a contaminant in drinking water if the Administrator 
determines that:

    (1) The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of 
persons;
    (2) the contaminant is known to occur or there is substantial 
likelihood that the contaminant will occur in PWSs with a frequency 
and at levels of public health concern; and
    (3) in the sole judgment of the Administrator, regulation of 
such contaminant presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk 
reduction for persons served by PWSs.

    For the contaminants that meet all of the three criteria, the SDWA 
requires EPA to publish national primary drinking water regulations 
(NPDWRs). Information on the CCL and the regulatory determination 
process can be found at: https://www.epa.gov/ccl.
    The data collected through the UCMR program are made available to 
the public through the National Contaminant Occurrence Database

[[Page 13852]]

(NCOD) for drinking water. EPA developed the NCOD to satisfy statutory 
requirements in the 1996 Amendments to the SDWA to assemble, and 
maintain a drinking water contaminant occurrence database for both 
regulated and unregulated contaminants in water systems. NCOD houses 
data on unregulated contaminant occurrence; data from EPA's ``Six Year 
Review'' of national drinking water regulations; and ambient and/or 
source water data. Section 1445(g)(3) of the SDWA requires that EPA 
maintain UCMR data in the NCOD, and use the data when evaluating the 
frequency and level of occurrence of contaminants in drinking water at 
a level of public health concern. The UCMR results can be viewed by the 
public via NCOD (https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/national-contaminant-occurrence-database-ncod) or via the UCMR web page at: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr.

C. What are the Consumer Confidence Reporting and Public Notice 
Reporting requirements for public water systems that are subject to 
UCMR?

    In addition to reporting UCMR monitoring data to EPA, PWSs are 
responsible for presenting and addressing UCMR results in their annual 
Consumer Confidence Reports (CCRs) (40 CFR 141.153), and must address 
Public Notice (PN) requirements associated with UCMR (40 CFR 141.207). 
Today's notice does not propose changes to these reporting 
requirements. More details about the CCR and PN requirements can be 
viewed by the public at: https://www.epa.gov/ccr and https://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/public-notification-rule, respectively.

D. What notable changes are being proposed for UCMR 5?

    This action proposes to revise the existing UCMR to address recent 
changes in the SDWA, and to reflect lessons learned through prior 
experience implementing the UCMR. These additional proposed changes 
include: Requiring water systems serving 3,300 or more persons to 
monitor per the AWIA requirements; updating the list of the UCMR 5 
contaminants, analytical methods, monitoring time frame, and sampling 
locations; revising the data elements required in addition to the 
occurrence data (outlined in Exhibit 2 below); revising data reporting 
timeframes; and effecting conforming and editorial changes, such as 
those necessary to remove requirements solely related to UCMR 4. A 
track-changes version of the rule language, comparing UCMR 4 to the 
proposed changes for UCMR 5, (``Proposed Revisions to CFR parts 141.35 
and 141.40'' (USEPA, 2020c)), is included in the public docket (Docket 
ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530) for this proposed rule. EPA's proposed 
approach and rationale for changes are described in the following 
sections.

                                 Exhibit 2--Notable Changes Proposed for UCMR 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                CFR rule section
-----------------------------------------------------------------------     Description of       Corresponding
                                    Title/          Current (UCMR 4)       proposed change      preamble section
            Number                description         requirement
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.   141.35(d), Sec.         Scope of UCMR 5   UCMR 4 included all    Proposes revisions to  I.A.
 141.40(a)(2)(ii), and Sec.     applicability.    CWSs and NTNCWSs       the scope of UCMR 5
 141.40(a)(4)(ii).                                that serve more than   to address all CWSs
                                                  10,000 people, and a   and NTNCWSs serving
                                                  representative set     3,300 or more people
                                                  of 800 systems         and a representative
                                                  serving 10,000 or      set of systems
                                                  fewer people.          serving fewer than
                                                                         3,300 people
                                                                         (consistent with
                                                                         AWIA).
Sec.   141.40(a)(3)..........  Related           UCMR 4 specified 30    Proposes a new list    III.E + III.I.
                                specifications    contaminants           of 29 PFAS and
                                for the           (cyanotoxins,          lithium as
                                analytes to be    metals, pesticides,    contaminants for
                                monitored,        brominated             monitoring;
                                including         haloacetic acid        identifies
                                sampling          groups, alcohols,      associated
                                timeframe.        and semivolatile       analytical methods,
                                                  chemicals) and         MRLs, and sampling
                                                  sample collection      locations; and
                                                  from January 2018      proposes to revise
                                                  through December       the sample
                                                  2020.                  collection dates to
                                                                         January 2023 through
                                                                         December 2025.
Sec.   141.40(a).............  Applicability     UCMR 4 specified       Proposes to revise     III.H.
                                date.             December 31, 2015,     the date used to
                                                  as the basis for       determine which
                                                  determining which      systems are subject
                                                  systems were subject   to monitoring to
                                                  to monitoring.         February 1, 2021.
Sec.   141.35(c)(3)..........  Ground Water      UCMR 4 specified       Proposes flexibility   III.I.
                                Representative    ``within 120 from      to the deadline for
                                Monitoring        publication of the     PWSs to submit a
                                Plans (GWRMPs).   final rule (April      GWRMP proposal to
                                                  19, 2017)'' as the     EPA.
                                                  deadline to submit a
                                                  GWRMP.
Sec.   141.35(c)(6)(ii) and    Reporting         UCMR 4 specified that  Proposes to revise     III.I.
 Sec.   141.40(a)(5)(vi).       timeframe.        laboratories must      the timeframe for
                                                  approve analytical     laboratories to post
                                                  results in EPA's       and approve
                                                  electronic data        analytical results
                                                  reporting system       in EPA's electronic
                                                  within 120 days from   data reporting
                                                  the sample             system (for review
                                                  collection date and    by the PWS) to
                                                  specified that PWS     ``within 90 days
                                                  had 60 days (from      from the sample
                                                  when the laboratory    collection date.''.
                                                  posted the data to    Proposes to revise
                                                  EPA's electronic       the timeframe for
                                                  data reporting         PWSs to review,
                                                  system) to review,     approve, and submit
                                                  approve, and submit    data to the state
                                                  their data to the      and EPA to no more
                                                  state and EPA.         than ``30 days from
                                                                         when the laboratory
                                                                         posts the data to
                                                                         EPA's electronic
                                                                         data reporting
                                                                         system''.
Sec.   141.35(e).............  Reporting         UCMR 4 specified data  Proposes changes to    III.J.
                                requirements--D   elements applicable    the data elements to
                                ata elements.     to the contaminants    be reported to EPA
                                                  included in that       based on the
                                                  cycle.                 contaminants
                                                                         proposed for
                                                                         monitoring.
Sec.   141.40(a)(5)(ii)......  Laboratory        UCMR 4 specified that  Proposes a more        III.L.
                                approval          laboratories           flexible timeframe
                                application       interested in          for laboratories to
                                timeframe.        supporting             apply to support
                                                  monitoring must        UCMR 5 monitoring.
                                                  initially apply        Proposes that
                                                  within 120 days of     registration and
                                                  publication of the     application
                                                  final rule. April      materials are to be
                                                  19, 2017 was           submitted to EPA
                                                  specified as the       ``by August 1,
                                                  date by which all      2022.'' Additonally,
                                                  registration and       revises the email
                                                  application            correspondence to be
                                                  materials must be      UCMR_Lab_Approval@ep
                                                  completed and          a.gov.
                                                  returned to
                                                  <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#3164727c636e62505c415d585f566e725e5e4355585f50455e43715441501f565e47"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="faafb9b7a8a5a99b978a9693949da5b99595889e93949b8e9588ba9f8a9bd49d958c">[email protected]</span></a>.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 13853]]

E. How did EPA prioritize candidate contaminants and what contaminants 
are proposed for UCMR 5?

    In establishing the proposed list of contaminants for UCMR 5, EPA 
evaluated unregulated contaminants in accordance with the statutory 
authorities described in section I.A of this document. In accordance 
with these requirements, EPA's commitments under the PFAS Action Plan 
(USEPA, 2019a), and the process described in this document, EPA is 
proposing monitoring for the unregulated contaminants listed in Exhibit 
3 using the specified methods.

                   Exhibit 3--Proposed UCMR 5 Analytes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             List 1 Analytes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Twenty-five Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) using EPA Method
                         533 (SPE LC/MS/MS): \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-   perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA).
 sulfonic acid (11Cl-PF3OUdS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecane sulfonic  perfluorododecanoic acid
 acid (8:2 FTS).                          (PFDoA).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorohexane sulfonic  perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid
 acid (4:2 FTS).                          (PFHpS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctane sulfonic  perfluoroheptanoic acid
 acid (6:2 FTS).                          (PFHpA).
4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid      perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
 (ADONA).                                 (PFHxS).
9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-      perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA).
 sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS).
hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid     perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA).
 (HFPO-DA) (GenX).
nonafluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid       perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
 (NFDHA).                                 (PFOS).
perfluoro (2-ethoxyethane) sulfonic      perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
 acid (PFEESA).
perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid        perfluoropentanesulfonic acid
 (PFMPA).                                 (PFPeS).
perfluoro-4-methoxybutanoic acid         perfluoropentanoic acid
 (PFMBA).                                 (PFPeA).
perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS)....  perfluoroundecanoic acid
                                          (PFUnA).
perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)..........
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Four Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) using EPA Method 537.1
                           (SPE LC/MS/MS): \2\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
n-ethyl                                  perfluorotetradecanoic acid
 perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid    (PFTA).
 (NEtFOSAA).
n-methyl                                 perfluorotridecanoic acid
 perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid    (PFTrDA).
 (NMeFOSAA).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
    One Metal/Pharmaceutical using EPA Method 200.7 (ICP-AES) \3\ or
                      alternate SM \4\ or ASTM: \5\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
lithium................................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ EPA Method 533 (Solid phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography/
  tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)) (USEPA, 2019c).
\2\ EPA Method 537.1 Version 2.0 (Solid phase extraction (SPE) liquid
  chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)) (USEPA, 2020d).
\3\ EPA Method 200.7 (Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
  spectrometry (ICP-AES)) (USEPA, 1994).
\4\ Standard Methods (SM) 3120 B (SM, 2017) or SM 3120 B-99 (SM Online,
  1999).
\5\ ASTM International (ASTM) D1976-20 (ASTM, 2020).

    EPA considered the current (fourth) Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 
4), which includes 97 chemicals or chemical groups and 12 microbes (81 
FR 81099, November 17, 2016 (USEPA, 2016b)). EPA also evaluated 
contaminants nominated by the public for potential inclusion on the 
next (fifth) CCL (CCL 5) (83 FR 50364, October 5, 2018 (USEPA, 2018b)) 
and considered other priority contaminants, including those highlighted 
in the PFAS Action Plan (USEPA, 2019a). Further, EPA considered the 
opportunity to collect occurrence data for non-CCL contaminants using 
the proposed methods for CCL contaminants that would result in little-
to-no additional expense (i.e., concurrent with the collection of data 
for CCL contaminants). EPA's proposed approach addresses the PFAS 
requirement in NDAA (Pub. L. 116-92) by including all 29 PFAS that are 
within the scope of EPA Methods 533, published December 2019 (USEPA, 
2019c), and 537.1, initially published November 2018 and updated via 
version 2.0 in March 2020 (USEPA, 2020d).
    EPA evaluated candidate UCMR 5 contaminants using a multi-step 
prioritization process. The first step included identifying 
contaminants that: (1) Were not monitored under prior UCMR cycles; (2) 
may occur in drinking water; and (3) are expected to have a completed, 
validated drinking water method in time for rule proposal.
    The next step was to consider the following: Availability of health 
assessments or other health-effects information (e.g., critical health 
endpoints suggesting carcinogenicity); public interest (e.g., PFAS); 
active use (e.g., pesticides that are registered for use); and 
availability of occurrence data.
    During the final step, EPA considered stakeholder input; looked at 
cost-effectiveness of the potential monitoring approaches; considered 
implementation factors (e.g., laboratory capacity); and further 
evaluated health effects, occurrence, and persistence/mobility data to 
identify the proposed list of UCMR 5 contaminants.
    Contaminant-specific information (e.g., source, use, production, 
release, persistence, mobility, health effects, and occurrence) that 
EPA used to evaluate candidate contaminants, is contained in 
``Information Compendium for Candidate Contaminants for the Proposed 
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5)'' (USEPA, 2020e). The 
Information Compendium can be found in EPA public docket for this 
proposed rule, under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530. EPA invites 
comment on the proposed UCMR 5 contaminants (and their associated 
analytical methods) identified in Exhibit 3.

F. What other contaminants did EPA consider?

    This notice describes the 30 contaminants that EPA has identified 
as the highest priorities for UCMR 5 monitoring through the process 
described in the preceding section. This process prioritizes the 
unregulated contaminants for which nationally representative data on 
the frequency

[[Page 13854]]

and level of occurrence are useful. EPA believes that the primary 
utility of the UCMR data is for the Agency's regulatory evaluation. The 
SDWA requires that the data collected under the UCMR be used to develop 
the CCL (see Sec.  1412(b)(1)(B)(i)(I)) and to make regulatory 
determinations for CCL contaminants (see Sec.  1412(b)(1)(B)(ii)(II)). 
EPA believes that the UCMR can be useful to States, water systems, and 
to water system consumers but that is not the primary purpose of the 
data collection.
    In developing a UCMR rule EPA also considers the burden that UCMR 
places upon water systems to perform monitoring and, in accordance with 
SDWA Sec.  1445(j)(1) and 1445(j)(3), the new expenses of small system 
monitoring and the laboratory capacity to support the analysis of UCMR 
samples. EPA is proposing a rule that reflects a consideration of the 
burden on water systems, the new expenses associated with implementing 
the rule, and the utility of the information to be collected. Although 
the NDAA allows the Agency to require monitoring for more contaminants 
beyond those proposed, EPA believes that the utility of the additional 
data that would be collected does not warrant their inclusion. As 
described in the following sections, data collection for Legionella 
pneumophila and four haloacetonitriles (dichloroacetonitrile, 
dibromoacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, and 
bromochloroacetonitrile) would not be useful to EPA's regulatory 
deliberations.
    Also, due to limitations of analytical methodologies, data 
collection for 1,2,3-trichloropropane and total organic fluorine (TOF) 
would not be useful.
    The information that EPA considered when evaluating contaminants 
may be found in the Information Compendium (USEPA, 2020e).
    EPA invites comment on these contaminants and any other priority 
contaminants commenters wish to recommend. In your comments, please 
identify the following: Any new contaminant(s) that you believe EPA 
should include in the UCMR 5 monitoring; any contaminant(s) in Exhibit 
3 that you believe should be removed from the list; the recommended 
analytical method(s) for any new contaminant(s) that you propose; and 
other relevant details (e.g., reporting level, sampling location, 
sampling frequency, analytical cost). Comments that provide supporting 
data or rationale are especially helpful to EPA.
1. Legionella pneumophila
    Legionella pneumophila is recognized as an important biofilm-
related opportunistic pathogen associated with waterborne disease. It 
is a naturally occurring pathogen, widely found in the environment. 
Legionella pneumophila may enter drinking water distribution systems 
and proliferate under certain conditions (USEPA, 2001). Under EPA's 
Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), EPA established NPDWRs for 
Giardia, viruses, Legionella, turbidity and heterotrophic bacteria and 
set maximum contaminant limit goals of zero for Giardia lamblia, 
viruses and Legionella (54 FR 27486, June 29, 1989 (USEPA, 1989)). EPA 
is currently examining opportunities to enhance protection against 
Legionella pneumophila through potential revisions to the suite of 
Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct (MDBP) rules, which includes the 
SWTR. As stated in the conclusions from EPA's third ``Six-Year Review 
of Drinking Water Standards'' (82 FR 3518, January 11, 2017 (USEPA, 
2017)), ``EPA identified the following NPDWRs under the SWTR as 
candidates for revision under the Six-Year Review 3, because of the 
opportunity to further reduce residual risk from pathogens (including 
opportunistic pathogens such as Legionella) beyond the risk addressed 
by the current SWTR.'' In accordance with the dates in the Settlement 
Agreement between EPA and Waterkeeper Alliance (Waterkeeper Alliance, 
Inc. v. U.S. EPA, No. 1:19-cv-00899-LJL (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 1, 2020)), the 
Agency anticipates signing a proposal for revisions to the MDBP rules 
and a final action on the proposal by July 31, 2024 and September 30, 
2027, respectively. Accordingly, EPA has concerns about the utility of 
a UCMR 5 data set on Legionella pneumophila based on the timeframe for 
the Agency deliberations about the MDBP revisions. The UCMR 5 data 
collection would not be complete in time to inform regulatory revision 
and would not reflect conditions in water systems after any regulatory 
revisions become effective.
    The Six-Year Review 3 conclusion and Settlement Agreement state 
EPA's approach to investigating public health risks potentially 
associated with Legionella. Inclusion of Legionella pneumophila in UCMR 
5 would add significant monitoring and reporting complexity, and cost. 
If Legionella pneumophila were to be added to UCMR 5, most of the 
additional cost would be borne by large PWSs (for analysis of their 
samples) and EPA (for analysis of samples from small PWSs). In such 
case, sample collection would likely be at the distribution-system 
sampling locations described in the Disinfectants and Disinfection 
Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR) (40 CFR 141.622). Because Legionella 
pneumophila is regulated via ``treatment technique'' and EPA does not 
require that it be measured, the Agency has not evaluated or validated 
analytical methods for its measurement. EPA is aware that there are a 
number of potential techniques for measuring Legionella pneumophila, 
including the commercially-available Legiolert\TM\ test (IDEXX 
Laboratories, Inc., 2020). EPA estimates that this additional 
monitoring would result in $11 million in new expenses for large PWSs, 
$20 million in new expenses for the Agency for small system monitoring, 
and $0.5 million in new expenses for small PWSs and states over the 5-
year UCMR period. EPA believes this is a significant burden for data 
that would not be available in time to inform regulatory revision and 
that would not reflect conditions in water systems after any regulatory 
revisions become effective. EPA invites comments on whether Legionella 
pneumophila should be included in UCMR 5.
2. Haloacetonitriles
    The four haloacetonitriles represent a group of unregulated 
disinfection byproducts (DBPs). They were detected relatively 
frequently in monitoring under the DBP Information Collection Rule 
(1997-1998), available via https://www.epa.gov/dwsixyearreview/supplemental-data-six-year-review-3, and are generally considered more 
cytotoxic and genotoxic than the regulated DBPs. EPA Method 551.1 is an 
existing validated method approved for measuring regulated total 
trihalomethanes in drinking water (USEPA, 1995); it is also capable of 
measuring unregulated haloacetonitriles. Similar to the situation with 
Legionella pneumophila, EPA is examining opportunities to enhance 
protection against DBPs, including these haloacetonitriles through 
potential revisions to the MDBP rules; see previous paragraph regarding 
the anticipated timeframe for those revisions and note the concern 
about timing relative to UCMR 5 data collection. As with Legionella 
pneumophila, inclusion of haloacetonitriles in UCMR 5 would introduce 
significant monitoring and reporting complexity and cost compared to 
the sampling design for PFAS and lithium. If haloacetonitriles were to 
be added to UCMR 5, most of the additional expenses would be borne by 
large PWSs (for analysis of their

[[Page 13855]]

samples) and EPA (for analysis of samples from small PWSs). In such 
case, sample collection would likely be at the distribution-system 
sampling locations described in the Disinfectants and Disinfection 
Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR) (40 CFR 141.622). EPA estimates this would 
result in $16 million in new expenses for large PWSs, $20 million in 
new expenses for the Agency, and $0.5 million in new expenses for small 
PWSs and states over the 5-year UCMR period. EPA invites comments on 
whether haloacetonitriles should be included in UCMR 5.
3. 1,2,3-trichloropropane
    1,2,3-trichloropropane is a man-made chemical used as an industrial 
solvent, cleaning and degreasing agent, and synthesis intermediate. 
1,2,3-trichloropropane occurrence data collected during UCMR 3 (USEPA, 
2012) may be found at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule#3. EPA's March 2020 
``Announcement of Preliminary Regulatory Determinations for 
Contaminants on the Fourth Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List'' 
(available via https://www.epa.gov/ccl/regulatory-determination-4) 
concluded that the Agency needs additional lower-level occurrence 
information prior to making a preliminary regulatory determination for 
1,2,3-trichloropropane. EPA is not proposing 1,2,3-trichloropropane 
monitoring in UCMR 5 because the Agency concludes that available 
analytical methods would not support the collection of data at 
concentrations lower than the levels monitored during UCMR 3 (USEPA, 
2019d). At 0.03 [micro]g/L, the minimum reporting level (MRL) 
established in UCMR 3 is higher than the EPA health reference level 
(HRL) associated with a cancer risk level of one cancer case per 
million people (0.0004 [micro]g/L (0.4 ng/L) (USEPA, 2019d), but lower 
than the cancer risk level associated with one cancer case per 10,000 
people (0.04 [micro]g/L)). EPA invites comment on any aspects of 1,2,3-
trichloropropane as a candidate for UCMR 5, particularly comments on 
additional methods that may support national monitoring at quantitation 
levels lower than 0.0004 [micro]g/L.
4. Total Organic Fluorine (TOF)
    There are a number of analytical techniques that have been applied 
to measuring organic fluorine in environmental matrices and drinking 
water, and some have proposed trying to correlate PFAS, in aggregate, 
with measurements of total organic fluorine. TOF, by combustion ion 
chromatography, relies on extracting fluorine-containing compounds from 
water, defluorinating, and capturing the resulting hydrogen flouride 
gas in solution for analysis. While there is high interest in TOF (and 
other techniques that might capture a broader suite of PFAS), the 
measurement approach is subject to significant technical challenges, 
and a robust method that would support national monitoring is unlikely 
to be ready in time to support UCMR 5 rulemaking. Further, TOF methods 
for drinking water may not be sensitive or specific enough to support 
decision making; TOF is not specific to PFAS, and any fluorine-
containing compounds (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals) that are 
retained during extraction would be included in the organic fluorine 
measurement. EPA cannot reliably estimate the cost to measure TOF under 
UCMR because TOF methods have little commercial laboratory availability 
at this time.

G. What are the costs of alternatives to the proposed UCMR 5?

    As described in the preceding sections, EPA considered alternatives 
to the proposed UCMR 5. One alternative EPA considered recognizes that 
the Agency cost to support the expanded small-PWS monitoring scope 
defined in the AWIA may exceed available resources. Specifically, the 
AWIA provisions would increase the number of PWS samples for which EPA 
would perform analysis by 8-fold. Exhibit 4 presents the cost over 5 
years for the proposed-rule baseline and presents the alternative cost 
if EPA were to promulgate a final UCMR 5 that reverts to the 
traditional UCMR approach to small system monitoring (i.e., includes 
800 systems serving 10,000 or fewer people).

  Exhibit 4--Estimated 5-Year (2022-2026) Cost ($ million) of the Proposed UCMR and an Alternative With Reduced
                                           Small System Monitoring \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Total program
                                                                                                  cost  (sum of
                                                                                 Total cost to      costs  for
                    Action                      Total cost to   Total cost  to  small PWSs  and     large and
                                                  large PWSs        EPA \2\          states        small PWSs,
                                                                                                     EPA, and
                                                                                                     states)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UCMR 5 proposed-rule baseline (presumes funds            $47.8           $52.7             $5.5           $105.9
 are available to support AWIA-based scope
 and that 29 PFAS and lithium are monitored).
Alternative UCMR 5 which would include only               47.8            14.7              3.4             65.9
 include 800 systems serving 10,000 or fewer
 people......................................
(presumes that 29 PFAS and lithium are
 monitored)..................................
                                              ------------------------------------------------------------------
    Difference between proposed-rule baseline                0            38.0              2.1             40.0
     and alternative.........................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Totals may not equal the sum of components due to rounding.
\2\ Accounts for cost of analyses for samples from small PWSs and other implementation expenses.

    Exhibit 5 presents the costs over 5 years for the UCMR 5 proposed-
rule baseline and alternatives, in which EPA would add monitoring for 
Legionella pneumophila and/or haloacetonitriles to the proposed UCMR 5 
analytes (29 PFAS and lithium).

[[Page 13856]]



     Exhibit 5--Estimated 5-Year (2022-2026) Cost ($ million) of the Proposed UCMR and Alternatives That Add
                         Monitoring for Legionella pneumophila and/or Haloacetonitriles
          [Differences between the baseline and alternatives [$ million] are noted parenthetically] \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Total program
                                                                                                   cost (sum of
                                                Total cost to    Total cost to   Total cost to   costs for large
                    Action                        large PWSs        EPA \2\      small PWSs and  and small PWSs,
                                                                                     states          EPA, and
                                                                                                     states)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UCMR 5 proposed-rule baseline (presumes funds            $47.8           $52.7             $5.5           $105.9
 are available to support AWIA-based scope
 and that 29 PFAS and lithium are monitored).
Require monitoring for Legionella pneumophila     58.7 (+11.0)    72.9 (+20.2)       6.0 (+0.5)    137.6 (+31.7)
 (in addition to 29 PFAS and lithium)........
Require monitoring for haloacetonitriles (in      63.6 (+15.8)    72.7 (+20.0)       6.0 (+0.5)    142.2 (+36.3)
 addition to 29 PFAS and lithium)............
Require monitoring for Legionella pneumophila     73.3 (+25.6)    92.9 (+40.2)       6.0 (+0.5)    172.2 (+66.3)
 and haloacetonitriles (in addition to 29
 PFAS and lithium)...........................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Totals may not equal the sum of components due to rounding.
\2\ Accounts for cost of analyses for samples from small PWSs and other implementation expenses.

    Exhibit 6 presents the costs over 5 years for the UCMR 5 ``pre-
AWIA'' alternative baseline proposed-rule baseline (i.e., in which the 
Agency would include 800 nationally-representative water systems 
serving fewer than or equal to 10,000), and associated scenarios in 
which EPA would add monitoring for Legionella pneumophila and/or 
haloacetonitriles to the proposed UCMR 5 analytes (29 PFAS and 
lithium).

   Exhibit 6--Estimated 5-Year (2022-2026) Cost ($ million) of a UCMR 5 ``Pre-AWIA'' Alternative Baseline, and
          Associated Scenarios That Add Monitoring for Legionella pneumophila and/or Haloacetonitriles
          [Differences between the baseline and alternatives [$ million] are noted parenthetically] \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Total program
                                                                                                   cost (sum of
                                                Total cost to    Total cost to   Total cost to   costs for large
                    Action                        large PWSs        EPA \2\      small PWSs and  and small PWSs,
                                                                                     states          EPA, and
                                                                                                     states)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UCMR 5 ``pre-AWIA'' alternative baseline                 $47.8           $14.7             $3.4            $65.8
 (presumes that monitoring includes 800 PWSs
 serving <=10,000 and that 29 PFAS and
 lithium are monitored)......................
Require monitoring for Legionella pneumophila     58.7 (+11.0)     18.4 (+3.7)      3.4 (+0.04)     80.5 (+14.7)
 (in addition to 29 PFAS and lithium)........
Require monitoring for haloacetonitriles (in      63.6 (+15.8)     16.2 (+1.5)      3.4 (+0.04)     83.2 (+17.4)
 addition to 29 PFAS and lithium)............
Require monitoring for Legionella pneumophila     73.3 (+25.6)     19.2 (+4.5)      3.4 (+0.04)     96.0 (+30.2)
 and haloacetonitriles (in addition to 29
 PFAS and lithium)...........................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Totals may not equal the sum of components due to rounding.
\2\ Accounts for cost of analyses for samples from small PWSs and other implementation expenses.

H. What is the proposed applicability date?

    The applicability date represents an internal milestone used by EPA 
to determine if a PWS is included in the UCMR program, and if it is a 
small or large PWS. It does not represent a date by which respondents 
need to take any action. In Sec.  141.40(a), EPA proposes February 1, 
2021 as the new applicability date to determine which PWSs are subject 
to UCMR 5. That is, the determination of whether a PWS is required to 
monitor under UCMR 5 is based on the type of system (e.g., CWS, NTNCWS, 
etc.) and its retail population served, as indicated by the Safe 
Drinking Water Information System Federal Reporting Services (SDWIS/
Fed) inventory on February 1, 2021. A determination of applicability on 
February 1, 2021 allows time for EPA to share the tentative list of 
PWSs with the states for their review, and to load PWS information into 
EPA's reporting system so that PWSs can be notified promptly once the 
final rule is published. If a PWS receives such notification and 
believes its retail population served in SDWIS/Fed is inaccurate 
(resulting in the PWS being erroneously included in UCMR 5), the system 
should contact their state authority to verify its population as of the 
applicability date and request a correction, if necessary. The 
applicability date for a given UCMR cycle is routinely established near 
the publication of the UCMR proposal. EPA believes that a later 
applicability date would be impractical given the planning that needs 
to occur prior to sample collection.

I. What are the proposed UCMR 5 sampling design and timeline of 
activities?

    The proposed rule identifies sampling and analysis for UCMR 5 
contaminants within the sampling period of 2023 to 2025 based on the 
Assessment Monitoring framework because, as described in section I.B of 
this document, EPA anticipates that there will be appropriate 
laboratory capacity.

[[Page 13857]]

Preparations prior to 2023 are expected to include coordinating 
laboratory approval, selecting representative small systems, organizing 
Partnership Agreements, developing State Monitoring Plans (see III.N of 
this document), establishing monitoring schedules and inventory, and 
conducting outreach and training. Exhibit 7 illustrates the major 
activities that EPA expects will take place in preparation for, and 
during the implementation of the UCMR 5.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11MR21.000

To minimize the impact of the rule on small systems (those serving 
10,000 or fewer people), EPA pays for their sample kit preparation, 
sample shipping fees, and sample analysis.
    As noted in section I.B of this document, the AWIA mandates the 
expanded UCMR monitoring ``subject to the availability of 
appropriations for such purpose,'' recognizing the greater EPA burden 
created by the AWIA (as EPA funds testing and laboratory analysis for 
small systems under the UCMR). If EPA concludes that it will not have 
the resources necessary to support the expanded monitoring described by 
the AWIA, the Agency will not promulgate a final rule that requires all 
water systems serving between 3,300 and 10,000 persons to monitor. 
Rather, EPA will use the approach from prior to the enactment of AWIA, 
and include 800 nationally-representative water systems serving fewer 
than or equal to 10,000 in the UCMR program.
    Large systems (those serving more than 10,000 people) pay for all 
costs associated with their monitoring. Exhibit 8 shows a summary of 
the estimated number of PWSs subject to monitoring.

         Exhibit 8--Systems to Participate in UCMR 5 Monitoring
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    National Sample:
                                  Assessment monitoring  Total number of
 System size (number of people           design             systems per
            served)             ------------------------  size category
                                    List 1 Chemicals
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small Systems \1\ (25--3,299)..  800 randomly selected               800
                                  systems (CWSs and
                                  NTNCWSs).
Small Systems \2\ (3,300--       All systems (CWSs and             5,147
 10,000).                         NTNCWSs).
Large Systems \3\ (10,001 and    All systems (CWSs and             4,364
 over).                           NTNCWSs).
                                ----------------------------------------
    Total......................  ......................           10,311
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ EPA pays for all analytical costs associated with monitoring at
  small systems.
\2\ Small system counts are approximate. EPA pays for all analytical
  costs associated with monitoring at small systems.
\3\ Large system counts are approximate.

1. Sampling Frequency, Timing
    On a per-system basis, the anticipated number of samples collected 
by each system is consistent with sample collection during prior UCMR 
cycles (although, as described elsewhere, the number of water systems 
subject to UCMR would be significantly greater under this proposal). 
Water systems would be required to collect samples based on the typical 
UCMR sampling frequency and time frame as follows: For surface water, 
ground water under the direct influence of surface water,

[[Page 13858]]

and mixed locations, sampling would take place for four consecutive 
quarters over the course of 12 months (total of 4 sampling events). 
Sampling events would occur 3 months apart. For example, if the first 
sample is taken in January, the second would then occur anytime in 
April, the third would occur anytime in July, and the fourth would 
occur anytime in October. For ground water locations, sampling would 
take place twice over the course of 12 months (total of 2 sampling 
events). Sampling events would occur five to seven months apart. For 
example, if the first sample is taken in April, the second sample would 
then occur anytime in September, October, or November.
    EPA expects to consult with the states and initially determine 
schedules (year and months of monitoring) for large water systems. 
Thereafter, these PWSs would have an opportunity to modify this initial 
schedule for planning purposes or other reasons (e.g., to spread costs 
over multiple years, a sampling location will be closed during the 
scheduled month of monitoring, etc.). EPA proposes to schedule and 
coordinate small system monitoring by working closely with states. 
State Monitoring Plans provide an opportunity for states to review and 
revise the initial sampling schedules that EPA proposes (see discussion 
of State Monitoring Plans in section III.N of this document).
2. Sampling Locations and Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plans
    Consistent with past UCMR cycles, sample collection for the UCMR 5 
contaminants would take place at the entry point to the distribution 
system (EPTDS). As during past UCMRs and as described in Sec.  
141.35(c)(3), the proposed rule would allow large ground water systems 
(or large surface water systems with ground water sources) that have 
multiple ground water EPTDSs to request approval to sample at 
representative monitoring locations rather than at each ground water 
EPTDS. GWRMPs approved under prior UCMRs may be used for UCMR 5, 
presuming no significant changes in the configuration of the ground 
water EPTDSs since the prior approval. Water systems that intend to use 
a previously approved plan must send EPA a copy of the approval 
documents received under prior UCMRs from their state (if reviewed by 
the state) or EPA.
    Relative to the rules for prior UCMR cycles, this proposal provides 
greater flexibility to PWSs in submitting GWRMPs to EPA. As proposed, 
plans must be submitted to EPA six months prior to the PWS's scheduled 
sample collection, instead of by a specified date; those scheduled to 
collect samples in 2024 or 2025 would have significant additional time 
to develop and propose representative plans. PWSs, particularly those 
scheduled for sample collection in 2023, are encouraged to submit 
proposals for new GWRMP by December 31, 2022, to allow time for review 
by EPA and, as appropriate, the state. EPA will work closely with the 
states to coordinate the review of GWRMPs in those cases where such 
review is part of the state's Partnership Agreement. Changes to 
inventory data in the Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System 
(SDWARS) that impact a PWS's representative plan before or during the 
UCMR sampling period must be reported within 30 days of the change. EPA 
will collaborate with small systems (particularly those with many 
ground water locations) to develop a GWRMP when warranted, recognizing 
that EPA pays for the analysis of samples from small systems.
3. Reporting Times
    This action proposes changes in the timeframes for laboratories to 
post and approve analytical results in SDWARS, and for PWSs to then 
review and approve the posted results in SDWARS. EPA recognizes that 
multiple states have expressed an interest in earlier access to UCMR 
data (see Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530) and believes that shorter 
timeframes for posting and approving data are feasible based on our 
experience with UCMR reporting to-date. EPA has observed that many 
laboratories are routinely posting data to SDWARS within 90 days of 
sample collection. EPA has also observed that many large PWSs are 
approving and submitting data within 30 days of their laboratory 
posting the data. Accordingly, EPA proposes that laboratories be given 
90 days (versus the current 120 days) from the sample collection date 
to post and approve analytical results in SDWARS for PWS review. EPA 
proposes that large PWSs be given 30 days (versus the current 60 days) 
to review and approve the analytical results posted to SDWARS. As with 
the current UCMR requirements, data would be considered approved and 
available for state and EPA review if the PWS takes no action within 
their allotted review period. EPA welcomes comments on these proposed 
changes to the reporting requirements and invites input on other 
changes that could address the interest in earlier access to data.

J. What are the reporting requirements for the UCMR 5?

    EPA proposes changes to the reporting requirements currently 
established for UCMR 4, as detailed in Table 1 of Sec.  141.35(e), to 
account for the UCMR 5 contaminants and the monitoring approach being 
proposed. These changes include removing data elements related to the 
specific contaminants from the previous UCMR, and adding and updating 
data elements based on the proposed list of contaminants to be 
monitored. EPA is proposing certain data element changes, based on 
experience from the previous UCMR, that are intended to improve data 
reporting from laboratories and water systems. Recognizing that data 
elements are specifically tailored to the requirements of each 
monitoring cycle, EPA invites comment on the appropriateness of the 
proposed UCMR 5 data elements relative to the proposed UCMR 5 
contaminants, analytical methods and reporting requirements. EPA 
welcomes comments on the proposed data elements and associated 
definitions, as well as any others that may provide useful ancillary 
data to support an assessment of the occurrence information.

K. What are Minimum Reporting Levels (MRLs) and how were they 
determined?

    EPA establishes MRLs for contaminants under the UCMR to ensure 
consistency in the quality of the information reported to the Agency. 
As defined inSec.  141.40(a)(5)(iii), the MRL is the minimum 
quantitation level that, with 95% confidence, can be achieved by 
capable analysts at 75% or more of the laboratories using a specified 
analytical method. More detailed explanation of the MRL calculation is 
in the ``Technical Basis for the Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting 
Level (LCMRL) Calculator'' (USEPA, 2010), available on the internet at 
(https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods/lowest-concentration-minimum-reporting-level-lcmrl-calculator).
    EPA requires each laboratory interested in supporting UCMR analyses 
to demonstrate that they can reliably make quality measurements at or 
below the established MRL to ensure that high quality results are being 
reported by participating laboratories. EPA established the proposed 
MRLs in Sec.  141.40(a)(3), Table 1, for each analyte/method by 
obtaining data from at least three laboratories that performed ``lowest 
concentration minimum reporting level'' (LCMRL) studies. The results 
from these laboratory LCMRL

[[Page 13859]]

studies can be found in the ``UCMR 5 Laboratory Approval Manual'' 
(USEPA, 2020f).
    The LCMRL is the lowest concentration of a contaminant that can be 
quantified with the precision and accuracy specified in ``Technical 
Basis for the Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level (LCMRL) 
Calculator'' (USEPA, 2010), available on the internet at (https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods/lowest-concentration-minimum-reporting-level-lcmrl-calculator). The multiple laboratory LCMRLs were then 
processed through a statistical routine to derive an MRL that, with 95% 
confidence, is predicted to be attainable by 75% of laboratories using 
the prescribed method. EPA considers these to be the lowest reporting 
levels that can practically and consistently be achieved on a national 
basis (recognizing that individual laboratories may be able to measure 
at lower levels). EPA invites comments on the proposed MRLs, and will 
consider changing the proposed MRLs if the Agency obtains scientific 
information demonstrating that a different MRL is attainable and 
practical.

L. How do laboratories become approved to conduct the UCMR 5 analyses?

    Consistent with prior UCMRs, this proposed action maintains the 
requirement that PWS use laboratories approved by EPA to analyze UCMR 5 
samples. Interested laboratories are encouraged to apply for EPA 
approval as early as possible, beginning with the publication of this 
proposal. The UCMR 5 laboratory approval process is designed to assess 
whether laboratories possess the required equipment and can meet 
laboratory-performance and data-reporting criteria described in this 
action.
    EPA expects demand for laboratory support to increase significantly 
based on the greater number of water systems proposed for UCMR 5. EPA 
estimates that the number of participating small water systems will 
increase from the typical 800 to approximately 6,000 (see Exhibit 8 in 
section III.I of this document). In preparation for this increased 
participation, EPA anticipates soliciting proposals and awarding 
contracts to laboratories to support small system monitoring prior to 
the end of the proficiency testing (PT) program. Historically, 
laboratories awarded contracts by EPA have been required to first be 
approved to perform all methods. The anticipated steps and requirements 
for the laboratory approval process are described in steps 1 through 6 
of the following paragraphs.
    EPA anticipates following its typical approach to approving UCMR 
laboratories, which would require laboratories seeking approval to: (1) 
Provide EPA with data that demonstrate a successful completion of an 
initial demonstration of capability (IDC) as outlined in each method; 
(2) verify successful performance at or below the MRLs as specified in 
this action; (3) provide information about laboratory standard 
operating procedures (SOPs); and (4) participate in two EPA PT studies 
for the analytes of interest. Audits of laboratories may be conducted 
by EPA prior to and/or following approval, and maintaining approval is 
contingent on timely and accurate reporting. The ``UCMR 5 Laboratory 
Approval Manual'' (USEPA, 2020f) provides more specific guidance on EPA 
laboratory approval program and the specific method acceptance 
criteria. EPA will also include sample collection procedures that are 
specific to the methods in the ``UCMR 5 Laboratory Manual,'' and will 
address this point in our outreach to the public water systems that 
will be collecting samples.
    The structure of the anticipated UCMR 5 laboratory approval program 
is similar to that employed in the previous UCMRs, and would provide an 
assessment of the ability of laboratories to perform analyses using the 
methods listed in Sec.  141.40(a)(3), Table 1. Laboratory participation 
in the UCMR laboratory approval program is voluntary. However, as in 
the previous UCMRs, and as proposed for UCMR 5, EPA would require PWSs 
to exclusively use laboratories that have been approved under the 
program. EPA expects to post a list of approved UCMR 5 laboratories to: 
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr and will bring this to the attention of the 
PWSs in our outreach to them.
    1. Request To Participate
    Laboratories interested in the UCMR 5 laboratory approval program 
first email EPA at: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5603151b04091a373409172626243920373a1633263778313920"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="6633252b34392a070439271616140910070a2603160748010910">[email protected]</span></a> to request registration 
materials. EPA expects to accept such requests beginning with the 
publication of the proposal in the Federal Register. Based on a January 
1, 2023, anticipated start for UCMR 5 sample collection, EPA 
anticipates that the final opportunity for a laboratory to complete and 
submit the necessary registration and application information will be 
August 1, 2022.
    2. Registration
    Laboratory applicants provide registration information that 
includes: Laboratory name, mailing address, shipping address, contact 
name, phone number, email address and a list of the UCMR 5 methods for 
which the laboratory is seeking approval. This registration step 
provides EPA with the necessary contact information, and ensures that 
each laboratory receives a customized application package.
    3. Application Package
    Laboratory applicants will complete and return a customized 
application package that includes the following: IDC data, including 
precision, accuracy and results of MRL studies; information regarding 
analytical equipment and other materials; proof of current drinking 
water laboratory certification (for select compliance monitoring 
methods); method specific SOPs; and example chromatograms for each 
method under review.
    As a condition of receiving and maintaining approval, the 
laboratory will be expected to promptly post UCMR 5 monitoring results 
and quality control data that meet method criteria (on behalf of its 
PWS clients) to EPA's UCMR electronic data reporting system, SDWARS.
    4. EPA's Review of Application Package
    EPA will review the application packages and, if necessary, request 
follow-up information. Laboratories that successfully complete the 
application process become eligible to participate in the UCMR 5 PT 
program.
    5. Proficiency Testing
    A PT sample is a synthetic sample containing a concentration of an 
analyte or mixture of analytes that is known to EPA, but unknown to the 
laboratory. To be approved, a laboratory is expected to meet specific 
acceptance criteria for the analysis of a UCMR 5 PT sample(s) for each 
analyte in each method, for which the laboratory is seeking approval. 
EPA anticipates offering up to three of these studies prior to the 
publication of the final rule, and at least two studies after 
publication of the final rule. This allows laboratories to complete 
their portion of the laboratory approval process prior to publication 
of the final rule, and receive their approval immediately following the 
publication of the final rule. A laboratory is expected to participate 
in and report data for at least two PT studies. This allows EPA to 
collect a robust data set for PT results, and provides laboratories 
with extra analytical experience using UCMR 5 methods. Laboratories 
must pass a PT for every analyte in the method to be approved for that 
method, and may participate in multiple PT studies in order to produce 
passing results for each analyte. EPA has taken this approach in UCMR 
5, recognizing that EPA Method 533 contains 25 analytes. EPA does not

[[Page 13860]]

expect to conduct additional PT studies after the start of PWS 
monitoring; however, laboratory audits will likely be ongoing 
throughout the implementation of UCMR 5. Initial laboratory approval is 
expected to be contingent on successful completion of PT studies, which 
includes properly uploading the PT results to SDWARS. Continued 
laboratory approval is contingent on successful completion of the audit 
process and satisfactorily meeting all the other stated conditions.
    6. Written EPA Approval
    After a laboratory successfully completes steps 1 through 5, EPA 
expects to send the laboratory a notification letter listing the 
methods for which approval is either ``pending'' (i.e., pending 
promulgation of the final rule if the PT studies have been conducted 
prior to that time), or for which approval is ``granted'' (if after 
promulgation of the final rule). Laboratories receiving pending 
approval are expected to be granted approval without further action 
following promulgation of the final rule if no changes have been made 
to the rule that impact the laboratory approval program. EPA expects to 
contact the laboratory if changes are made between the proposed and 
final rules that warrant additional action by the laboratory.

M. What documents are being incorporated by reference?

    The following methods are being incorporated by reference into this 
section for the UCMR 5 monitoring. All method material is available for 
inspection electronically at http://www.regulations.gov (Docket ID No. 
EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530), or from the sources listed for each method. EPA 
has worked to make these methods and documents reasonably available to 
interested parties. The methods that may be used to support monitoring 
under this rule are as follows:
1. Methods From the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    The following methods are available at EPA's Docket No. EPA-HQ-OW-
2020-0530.
    (i) EPA Method 200.7 ``Determination of Metals and Trace Elements 
in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission 
Spectrometry,'' Revision 4.4, 1994. Available on the internet at 
https://www.epa.gov/esam/method-2007-determination-metals-and-trace-elements-water-and-wastes-inductively-coupled-plasma. This is an EPA 
method for the analysis of metals and trace elements in water by ICP-
AES and is proposed to measure lithium during UCMR 5. See also the 
discussion of non-EPA methods for lithium in this section.
    (ii) EPA Method 533 ``Determination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl 
Substances in Drinking Water by Isotope Dilution Anion Exchange Solid 
Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry,'' 
November 2019, EPA 815-B-19-020. Available on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods. This is an EPA method for the analysis 
PFAS in drinking water using SPE and LC/MS/MS and is proposed to 
measure 25 PFAS during UCMR 5 (11Cl-PF3OUdS, 8:2 FTS, 4:2 FTS, 6:2 FTS, 
ADONA, 9Cl-PF3ONS, HFPO-DA (GenX), NFDHA, PFEESA, PFMPA, PFMBA, PFBS, 
PFBA, PFDA, PFDoA, PFHpS, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFHxA, PFNA, PFOS, PFOA, PFPeS, 
PFPeA, and PFUnA).
    (iii) EPA Method 537.1 ``Determination of Selected Per- and 
Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Drinking Water by Solid Phase 
Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/
MS),'' Version 2.0, November 2020, EPA/600/R-20/006. Available on the 
internet at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods. This is an EPA 
method for the analysis of PFAS in drinking water using SPE and LC/MS/
MS and is proposed to measure four PFAS during UCMR 5 (NEtFOSAA, 
NMeFOSAA, PFTA, and PFTrDA).
2. Alternative Methods From American Public Health Association--
Standard Methods (SM)
    The following methods are from American Public Health--Standard 
Methods (SM), 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
    (i) ``Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater,'' 
23rd edition (2017).
    (a) SM 3120 B ``Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (2017): 
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.'' This is a Standard Method 
for the analysis of metals in water and wastewater by emission 
spectroscopy using ICP and may be used for the analysis of lithium.
    (ii) ``Standard Methods Online,'' approved 1999. Available for 
purchase on the internet at http://www.standardmethods.org.
    (a) SM 3120 B ``Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy: Inductively 
Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method (Editorial Revisions, 2011),'' (SM 3120 B-
99). This is a Standard Method for the analysis of metals in water and 
wastewater by emission spectroscopy using ICP and may be used for the 
analysis of lithium.
3. Methods From ASTM International
    The following methods are from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor 
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
    (i) ASTM D1976-20 ``Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by 
Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy,'' approved May 
1, 2020. Available for purchase on the internet at https://www.astm.org/Standards/D1976.htm. This is an ASTM method for the 
analysis of elements in water by ICP-AES and may be used to measure 
lithium.

N. What is the State's role in the UCMR?

    UCMR is a direct implementation rule (i.e., EPA has primary 
responsibility for its implementation), and state participation is 
voluntary. Under the previous UCMR cycles, specific activities that 
individual states agreed to carry out or assist with were identified 
and established exclusively through Partnership Agreements. Through 
Partnership Agreements, states can help EPA implement the UCMR, and 
help ensure that the UCMR data are of the highest quality possible to 
best support the Agency decision making. Under UCMR 5, EPA expects to 
continue to use the Partnership Agreement process to determine and 
document the following: The process for review and revision of the 
State Monitoring plans; replacing and updating system information 
including inventory; review of proposed GWRMPs; notification and 
instructions for systems; and compliance assistance. EPA is considering 
deploying a SDWIS/State extraction tool to assist partnered states with 
providing system information to the Agency. EPA recognizes that primacy 
agencies often have the best information about their PWSs and 
encourages them to partner in the UCMR 5 program.

O. How did EPA consider Children's Environmental Health?

    By monitoring for unregulated contaminants that may pose health 
risks via drinking water, UCMR furthers the protection of public health 
for all citizens, including children. Children consume more water per 
unit of body weight compared to adults. Moreover, formula-fed infants 
drink a large amount of water compared to their body weight. Thus, 
while children's exposure to contaminants in drinking water may present 
a disproportionate health risk (USEPA, 2011), the objective of UCMR 5 
is to collect nationally representative drinking water occurrence data 
on unregulated contaminants for consideration in potential future

[[Page 13861]]

regulation. The detailed information on the prioritization process, as 
well as contaminant-specific information (e.g., source, use, 
production, release, persistence, mobility, health effects, and 
occurrence), that EPA used to select the proposed analyte list, is 
contained in ``Information Compendium for Candidate Contaminants for 
the Proposed Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5)'' (USEPA, 
2020e).
    Executive Order 13045 does not apply to UCMR 5 because EPA does not 
believe the environmental health or safety risks addressed by this 
action present a disproportionate risk to children (See IV.G. Executive 
Order 13045 of this document). However, EPA's Policy on Evaluating 
Health Risks to Children, which ensures that the health of infants and 
children is explicitly considered in the Agency's decision making, is 
applicable, see: https://www.epa.gov/children/epas-policy-evaluating-risk-children.
    Using quantitation data from multiple laboratories, EPA establishes 
statistically-based UCMR reporting levels that are projected to be 
feasible for the national network of approved drinking water 
laboratories to quantify accurately. EPA generally sets the reporting 
levels as low as is practical, even if that level is well below 
concentrations that are currently associated with known or suspected 
health effects. In doing so, EPA positions itself to better address 
contaminant risk information in the future, including that associated 
with unique risks to children. EPA requests comments regarding any 
further steps that may be taken to evaluate and address health risks to 
children that fall within the scope of UCMR 5.

P. How did EPA address environmental justice?

    EPA has concluded that this action is not subject to Executive 
Order 12898 because it does not establish an environmental health or 
safety standard (see IV.J. Executive Order 12898 of this document). 
This proposed action would provide EPA and other interested parties 
with scientifically valid data on the national occurrence data of 
selected contaminants in drinking water. By seeking to identify 
unregulated contaminants that may pose health risks via drinking water 
from all PWSs, UCMR furthers the protection of public health for all 
citizens. EPA recognizes that unregulated contaminants in drinking 
water are of interest to all populations and structured the rulemaking 
process and implementation of the UCMR 5 rule to allow for meaningful 
involvement and transparency. EPA organized public meetings and 
webinars to share information regarding the development of UCMR 5; 
consulted with tribal governments; and convened a workgroup that 
included representatives from several states.
    EPA proposes to continue to collect U.S. Postal Service Zip Codes 
for each PWS's service area, as collected under UCMR 3 and UCMR 4, to 
support potential assessments of whether or not minority, low-income 
and/or indigenous-population communities are uniquely impacted by 
particular drinking water contaminants. EPA solicits comment on the 
utility of this approach (including whether this is an appropriate way 
for PWSs to identify service areas), and welcomes comments regarding 
other actions the Agency could take to further address environmental 
justice within the UCMR. EPA welcomes, for example, comments regarding 
sampling and/or modeling approaches, and the feasibility and utility of 
applying these approaches to determine disproportionate impacts. EPA 
also welcomes comments on information other than Zip Codes that could 
be collected and used to support potential assessments of whether or 
not minority, low-income and/or indigenous-population communities are 
uniquely impacted by particular drinking water contaminants.

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is a significant regulatory action that was submitted 
to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review. Any changes 
made in response to OMB recommendations have been documented in the 
docket. A full analysis of potential costs associated with this action, 
the ``Draft Information Collection Request for the Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5),''(USEPA, 2020b) ICR Number 2040-
NEW, is also available in the docket (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-
0530). A summary of the draft ICR can be found in section I.C of this 
document.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    The information collection activities in this proposed rule have 
been submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget 
(OMB) under the PRA. The Information Collection Request (ICR) document 
(USEPA, 2020b) that EPA prepared has been assigned EPA ICR number 2040-
NEW. You can find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rule, and it 
is briefly summarized here.
    The information that EPA proposes to collect under this rule 
fulfills the statutory requirements of Sec.  1445(a)(2) of the SDWA, as 
amended in 1996, 2018, and 2019. The data will describe the source of 
the water, location and test results for samples taken from public 
water systems (PWSs). The information collected will support EPA's 
decisions as to whether or not to regulate particular contaminants 
under the SDWA. Reporting is mandatory. The data are not subject to 
confidentiality protection.
    The five-year UCMR 5 period spans 2022-2026. As proposed, UCMR 5 
sample collection begins in 2023 and continues through 2025. Since ICRs 
cannot be approved by OMB for a period longer than three years pursuant 
to 5 CFR 1320.10, the primary analysis in the ICR only covers the first 
three years of the collection (i.e., 2022-2024). Prior to expiration of 
the ICR, EPA will seek to renew the ICR and thus receive approval to 
collect information under the PRA in the remaining two years of the 
UCMR 5 period.
    Respondents/affected entities: The respondents/affected entities 
are small PWSs (those serving 10,000 or fewer people); large PWSs 
(those serving 10,001 to 100,000 people); very large PWSs (those 
serving more than 100,000 people); and states.
    Respondent's obligation to respond: Mandatory (40 CFR 141.35).
    Estimated number of respondents: Respondents to UCMR 5, as 
proposed, include ~5,900 small PWSs, ~4,400 large PWSs, and the 56 
primacy agencies (50 states, one tribal nation, and five territories) 
for a total of ~10,400 respondents.
    Frequency of response: The frequency of response varies across 
respondents and years. Across the initial 3-year ICR period for UCMR 5, 
small PWSs would sample an average of 2.8 times per PWS (i.e., number 
of responses per PWS); large PWSs would sample and report and average 
of 3.2 times per PWS; and very large PWSs would sample and report an 
average of 3.7 times per PWS.
    Total estimated burden: 48,406.1 hours (per year). Burden is 
defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
    Total estimated cost: $9,734,617, annualized capital or operation & 
maintenance costs.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB

[[Page 13862]]

control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations in 40 CFR 
are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
    Submit your comments on the Agency's need for this information, the 
accuracy of the provided burden estimates and any suggested methods for 
minimizing respondent burden to EPA using the docket identified at the 
beginning of this rule. Written comments and recommendations for the 
proposed information collection should be sent within 30 days of 
publication of this notice to www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain. Find 
this particular information collection by selecting ``Currently under 
30-day Review--Open for Public Comments'' or by using the search 
function. Since OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR 
between 30 and 60 days after receipt, OMB must receive comments no 
later than April 12, 2021. EPA will respond to any ICR-related comments 
in the final rule.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    For purposes of assessing the impacts of this rule on small 
entities, EPA considered small entities to be PWSs serving 10,000 or 
fewer people. As required by the RFA, EPA proposed using this 
alternative definition in the Federal Register (63 FR 7606, February 
13, 1998 (USEPA, 1998a)), sought public comment, consulted with the 
Small Business Administration (SBA) and finalized the alternative 
definition in the Consumer Confidence Reports rulemaking, (63 FR 44512, 
August 19, 1998 (USEPA, 1998b)). As stated in that Final Rule, the 
alternative definition would apply to this regulation, and future 
drinking water rules.

               Exhibit 9--Number of Publicly- and Privately-Owned Small Systems Subject to UCMR 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              System size (number of people served)                 Publicly-owned    Privately-owned  Total \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Ground Water
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under....................................................               134               401        534
501 to 3,300.....................................................               120                45        165
3,301 to 10,000..................................................             2,334               541      2,875
                                                                  ----------------------------------------------
    Subtotal Ground Water........................................             2,588               987      3,574
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Surface Water (and Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under....................................................                22                27         49
501 to 3,300.....................................................                38                14         52
3,301 to 10,000..................................................             1,762               509      2,272
                                                                  ----------------------------------------------
    Subtotal Surface Water.......................................             1,822               550      2,373
                                                                  ----------------------------------------------
        Total of Small Water Systems.............................             4,410             1,537      5,947
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ PWS counts were adjusted to display as whole numbers in each size category.

    The basis for the proposed UCMR 5 RFA certification is as follows: 
For the 5,947 small water systems that would be affected, the average 
annual cost for complying with this rule represents no more than 0.5% 
of system revenues (the highest estimated percentage is for GW systems 
serving 500 or fewer people, at 0.5% of its median revenue). The 
average yearly cost to small systems to comply with UCMR 5 over the 
five-year period of 2022-2026, as proposed, is approximately $0.3 
million. The average yearly cost to EPA to implement UCMR 5 over the 
same period, as proposed, is approximately $10.5 million, with most of 
that cost associated with the small system sampling program. EPA 
anticipates that approximately one third of the 5,947 small PWSs will 
collect samples in each of three years (2023, 2024, and 2025).
    PWS costs are attributed to the labor required for reading about 
UCMR 5 requirements, monitoring, reporting and record keeping. The 
estimated average annual burden across the 5-year UCMR 5 implementation 
period of 2022-2026 is 1.3 hours at $52 per small system. Average 
annual cost, in all cases, is less than 0.5% of system revenues. By 
assuming all costs for laboratory analyses, shipping and quality 
control for small entities, EPA incurs the entirety of the non-labor 
costs associated with the UCMR 5 small system monitoring, or 96% of 
total small system testing costs. Exhibit 10 and Exhibit 11 present the 
estimated economic impacts in the form of a revenue test for publicly- 
and privately-owned systems.

                   Exhibit 10--UCMR 5 Relative Cost Analysis for Small Publicly-Owned Systems
                                                   [2022-2026]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                      SBREFA
                                                  Annual  number      Average         Average        criteria-
     System size  (number of people served)         of  systems    annual hours     annual cost    revenue test
                                                   impacted \1\     per system      per system        \2\ (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Ground Water Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under...................................              27             1.0          $40.65            0.09
501 to 3,300....................................              24             1.1           43.37            0.02
3,301 to 10,000.................................             467             1.3           49.92            0.01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Surface Water (and Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water) Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under...................................               5             1.4           54.39            0.07

[[Page 13863]]

 
501 to 3,300....................................               8             1.4           56.19            0.02
3,301 to 10,000.................................             353             1.5           57.39           0.004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ PWS counts were adjusted to display as whole numbers in each size category. Includes the publicly-owned
  portion of small systems subject to UCMR 5.
\2\ Costs are presented as a percentage of median annual revenue for each size category.


                   Exhibit 11--UCMR 5 Relative Cost Analysis for Small Privately-Owned Systems
                                                   [2022-2026]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                      SBREFA
                                                  Annual  number      Average         Average        criteria-
     System size  (number of people served)         of  systems    annual hours     annual cost    revenue test
                                                   impacted \1\     per system      per system        \2\ (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Ground Water Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under...................................              80             1.0          $40.65            0.48
501 to 3,300....................................               9             1.1           43.37            0.03
3,301 to 10,000.................................             108             1.3           49.92           0.004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Surface Water (and Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water) Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under...................................               5             1.4           54.39            0.11
501 to 3,300....................................               3             1.4           56.19            0.02
3,301 to 10,000.................................             102             1.5           57.39           0.004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ PWS counts were adjusted to display as whole numbers in each size category. Includes the privately-owned
  portion of small systems subject to the UCMR 5.
\2\ Costs are presented as a percentage of median annual revenue for each size category.

    EPA has determined that 5,947 small PWSs (for Assessment 
Monitoring), or approximately 9.35% of all small systems, would 
experience an impact of no more than 0.5% of revenues. This accounts 
for small PWSs familiarizing themselves with the regulatory 
requirements; reading sampling instructions; traveling to the sampling 
location; collecting and shipping the samples; and maintaining their 
records. The 5,975 small PWSs are comprised of all 5,147 systems 
serving between 3,300 and 10,000, and the representative group of 800 
systems serving fewer than 3,300; the remainder of small systems would 
not participate in UCMR 5 monitoring and would not be impacted.
    The Agency certifies that this action will not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the 
RFA. In making this determination, EPA believes that the impact of 
concern is any significant adverse economic impact on small entities, 
and that an agency may certify that a rule will not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities if the rule 
relieves regulatory burden, has no net burden or otherwise has a 
positive economic effect on the small entities subject to the rule. 
Although this proposed rule will not have a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities, EPA has attempted to reduce 
impacts by assuming all costs for analyses of the samples, and for 
shipping the samples from small systems to laboratories contracted by 
EPA to analyze the UCMR 5 samples (the cost of shipping is included in 
the cost of each analytical method). EPA has historically set aside 
$2.0 million each year from the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 
(DWSRF) with its authority to use DWSRF monies for the purposes of 
implementing this provision of the SDWA. EPA anticipates drawing on 
these and additional funds, if available, to implement the proposed 
plan and carry out the expanded UCMR monitoring approach outlined in 
the AWIA rather than the alternative approach used in UCMR 4 and the 
preceding UCMR cycles. Thus, the costs to these small systems will be 
modest and limited to the labor associated with collecting a sample and 
preparing it for shipping.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action does not contain an unfunded mandate of $100 million or 
more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not 
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The action 
implements mandate(s) specifically and explicitly set forth in the 
SDWA, Sec.  1445(a)(2), Monitoring Program for Unregulated 
Contaminants. without the exercise of any policy discretion by EPA.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have 
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between 
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This action has tribal implications. However, it will neither 
impose substantial direct compliance costs on federally recognized 
tribal governments, nor preempt tribal law. As described previously, 
this proposed rule requires monitoring by all large PWSs. Information 
in the SDWIS/Fed water system inventory indicates there are 
approximately 19 large tribal PWSs

[[Page 13864]]

(ranging in size from 10,001 to 40,000 customers). EPA estimates the 
average annual cost to each of these large PWSs, over the 5-year rule 
period, to be $1,839. This cost is based on a labor component 
(associated with the collection of samples), and a non-labor component 
(associated with shipping and laboratory fees), and represents less 
than 1.2% of average revenue/sales for large PWSs. UCMR 5, as proposed, 
would also require monitoring by all small PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 
customers and a nationally representative sample of small PWSs serving 
fewer than 3,300 customers. Information in the SDWIS/Fed water system 
inventory indicates there are approximately 72 small tribal PWSs 
(ranging in size from 3,300 to 10,000 customers). EPA estimates that 
less than 2% of small tribal systems serving fewer than 3,300 customers 
will be selected as part of the nationally representative sample. EPA 
estimates the average annual cost to small tribal systems over the 5-
year rule period to be $52. Such cost is based on the labor associated 
with collecting a sample and preparing it for shipping and represents 
less than 0.5% of average revenue/sales for small PWSs. All other 
small-PWS expenses (associated with shipping and laboratory fees) are 
paid by EPA.
    EPA consulted with tribal officials under the Agency's Policy on 
Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribes early in the process 
of developing this regulation to permit them to have meaningful and 
timely input into its development. A summary of that consultation, 
titled, ``Summary of the Tribal Coordination and Consultation Process 
for the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) 
Proposal,'' is provided in the electronic docket listed in the 
ADDRESSES section of this document. EPA specifically solicits 
additional comment on this proposed rule from tribal officials.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    Executive Order 13045 applies to those regulatory actions that 
concern environmental health or safety risks that EPA has reason to 
believe may disproportionately affect children, per the definition of 
``covered regulatory action'' in section 2-202 of the Executive Order. 
This action does not meet those criteria and is not subject to 
Executive Order 13045.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use

    This action is not a ``significant energy action'' because it is 
not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, 
distribution or use of energy and has not otherwise been designated by 
the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs 
as a significant energy action.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)

    This action involves technical standards. EPA proposes to allow the 
use of methods developed by the Agency, and three major voluntary 
consensus method organizations to support UCMR 5 monitoring. The 
voluntary consensus method organizations are Standard Methods for the 
Examination of Water and Wastewater, and ASTM International. EPA 
identified acceptable consensus method organization standards for the 
analysis of lithium.
    All of these standards are reasonably available for public use. EPA 
methods are free for download on the Agency's website. The methods in 
the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 23rd 
edition are consensus standards, available for purchase from the 
publisher, and are commonly used by the drinking water laboratory 
community. The methods in the Standard Methods Online are consensus 
standards, available for purchase from the publisher's website, and are 
commonly used by the drinking water laboratory community. The methods 
from ASTM International are consensus standards, are available for 
purchase from the publisher's website, and are commonly used by the 
drinking water laboratory community. EPA welcomes comments on this 
aspect of the proposed rulemaking; the Agency specifically invites the 
public to identify potentially-applicable voluntary consensus standards 
and explain why such standards should be used in this rule.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    EPA believes that this action is not subject to Executive Order 
12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) because it does not establish an 
environmental health or safety standard. Background information 
regarding EPA's consideration of Executive Order 12898 in the 
development of this proposed rule is provided in section III.P of this 
document, and an additional supporting document has been placed in the 
electronic docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this document.

V. References

(i) ASDWA. 2013. Insufficient Resources for State Drinking Water 
Programs Threaten Public Health: An Analysis of State Drinking Water 
Programs' Resources and Needs. December 2013. Available on the 
internet at: https://www.asdwa.org/asdwa-reports/.
(ii) ASTM. 2020. ASTM D1976-20--Standard Test Method for Elements in 
Water by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. 
ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Approved 
May 1, 2020. Available for purchase on the internet at https://www.astm.org/Standards/D1976.htm.
(iii) Glassmeyer, S.T., E.T. Furlong, D.W. Kolpin, A.L. Batt, R. 
Benson, J.S. Boone, O. Conerly, M.J. Donohue, D.N. King, M.S. 
Kostich, H.E. Mash, S.L. Pfaller, K.M. Schenck, J.E. Simmons, E.A. 
Varughese, S.J. Vesper, E.N. Villegas, and V.S. Wilson. 2017. 
Nationwide Reconnaissance of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in 
Source and Treated Drinking Waters of the United States. Science of 
the Total Environment (581-582):909-922.
(iv) IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. 2020. Legiolert\TM\ Test. One IDEXX 
Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092 USA.
(v) Settlement Agreement, Waterkeeper Alliance, Inc. v. U.S. EPA, 
No. 1:19-cv-00899-LJL (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 1, 2020).
(vi) SM. 2017. 3120B--Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (2017): 
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method. Standard Methods for the 
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd edition. American Public 
Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
(vii) SM Online. 1999. 3120B-99--Metals by Plasma Emission 
Spectroscopy: Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method (Editorial 
Revisions, 2011). Standard Methods Online. Available for purchase on 
the internet at http://www.standardmethods.org.
(viii) USEPA. 1989. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; 
Filtration, Disinfection; Turbidity, Giardia lamblia, Viruses, 
Legionella, and Heterotrophic Bacteria; Final Rule. Federal 
Register. Vol. 54, No. 124, p. 27486, June 29, 1989.
(ix) USEPA. 1994. EPA Method 200.7--Determination of Metals and 
Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-
Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Revision 4.4. Office of Research and 
Development, Cincinnati, OH. Available on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/esam/method-2007-determination-metals-and-trace-elements-water-and-wastes-inductively-coupled-plasma.
(x) USEPA. 1995. EPA Method 551.1-- Determination of Chlorination

[[Page 13865]]

Disinfection Byproducts, Chlorinated Solvents, and Halogenated 
Pesticides/Herbicides in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction 
and Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection, Revision 
1.0. Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. Available 
on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/esam/epa-method-5511-determination-chlorination-disinfection-byproducts-chlorinated-solvents-and
(xi) USEPA. 1998a. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: 
Consumer Confidence Reports; Proposed Rule. Federal Register. Vol. 
63, No. 30, p. 7606, February 13, 1998.
(xii) USEPA. 1998b. National Primary Drinking Water Regulation: 
Consumer Confidence Reports; Final Rule. Federal Register. Vol. 63, 
No. 160, p. 44512, August 19, 1998.
(xiii) USEPA. 1999. Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Regulation for Public Water Systems; Final Rule. Federal 
Register. Vol. 64, No. 180, p. 50556, September 17, 1999.
(xiv) USEPA. 2001. Legionella: Drinking Water Health Advisory. EPA-
822-B-01-005. Office of Water, Washington, DC. March 2001. Available 
on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/legionella-report.pdf.
(xv) USEPA. 2007. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation 
(UCMR) for Public Water Systems Revisions. Federal Register. Vol. 
72, No. 2, p. 367, January 4, 2007.
(xvi) USEPA. 2008. Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values for 
Lithium (CASRN 7439-93-2). Office of Research and Development, 
Cincinnati, OH. Available on the internet at https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/pprtv/documents/Lithium.pdf.
(xvii) USEPA. 2009. Summary of National Inorganics and Radionuclides 
Survey (NIRS) Data for CCL 3 Chemical Occurrence Analysis. Docket ID 
EPA-HQ-OW-2007-1189. Available on the internet at http://www.regulations.gov.
(xviii) USEPA. 2010. Technical Basis for the Lowest Concentration 
Minimum Reporting Level (LCMRL) Calculator. EPA 815-R-11-001. Office 
of Water. December 2010. Available on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
(xix) USEPA. 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final 
Report). U.S. EPA, Washington DC, EPA/600/R-09/052F. Office of 
Research and Development, Washington DC. September 2011. Available 
on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/expobox/about-exposure-factors-handbook.
(xx) USEPA. 2012. Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Regulation (UCMR 3) for Public Water Systems; Final Rule. 
Federal Register. Vol. 77, No. 85, p. 26071, May 2, 2012.
(xxi) USEPA. 2016a. Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule (UCMR 4) for Public Water Systems and Announcement 
of Public Meeting. Federal Register. Vol. 81, No. 244, p. 92666, 
December 20, 2016.
(xxii) USEPA. 2016b. Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 4--
Final. Federal Register. Vol. 81, No. 222, p. 81099, November 17, 
2016.
(xxiii) USEPA. 2017. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; 
Announcement of the Results of EPA's Review of Existing Drinking 
Water Standards and Request for Public Comment and/or Information on 
Related Issues. Federal Register. Vol. 82, No. 7, p. 3518, January 
11, 2017.
(xxiv) USEPA. 2018a. Method Development for Unregulated Contaminants 
in Drinking Water: Public Meeting and Webinar. EPA 815-A-18-001. 
Office of Water. June 2018. Available on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
(xxv) USEPA. 2018b. Request for Nominations of Drinking Water 
Contaminants for the Fifth Contaminant Candidate List. Federal 
Register. Vol. 83, No. 194, p. 50364, October 5, 2018.
(xxvi) USEPA. 2019a. EPA's Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances 
(PFAS) Action Plan. EPA 823-R-18-004, February 2019. Available on 
the internet at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-02/documents/pfas_action_plan_021319_508compliant_1.pdf.
(xxvii) USEPA. 2019b. Development of the Proposed Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule for the Fifth Monitoring Cycle (UCMR 5). 
Presentation Slides. EPA 815-A-19-001. Office of Water. Available on 
the internet at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials.
(xxviii) USEPA. 2019c. EPA Method 533--Determination of Per- and 
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water by Isotope Dilution 
Anion Exchange Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/
Tandem Mass Spectrometry. EPA 815-B-19-020. Office of Water, 
Cincinnati, OH. November 2019. Available on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
(xxix) USEPA. 2019d. Appendix C: 1,2,3- Trichloropropane in 
Regulatory Determination 4 Support Document for Selected 
Contaminants from the Fourth Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate 
List (CCL 4). EPA 815-R-19-006. Docket ID EPA-HQ-OW-2019-0583. 
Available on the internet at http://www.regulations.gov.
(xxx) USEPA. 2020a. Selection of Nationally Representative Public 
Water Systems for the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule: 2020 
Update. EPA 815-B-20-008. Office of Water. December 2020.
(xxxi) USEPA. 2020b. Draft Information Collection Request for the 
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5). EPA 815-D-20-002. 
Office of Water. December 2020.
(xxxii) USEPA. 2020c. Proposed Revisions to CFR parts 141.35 and 
141.40. EPA 815-B-20-010. Office of Water December 2020. Available 
in EPA's public docket (under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530) on 
the internet at http://www.regulations.gov.
(xxxiii) USEPA. 2020d. EPA Method 537.1--Determination of Selected 
Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Drinking Water by Solid 
Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry 
(LC/MS/MS). Version 2.0. EPA/600/R-20/006. Office of Research and 
Development, Cincinnati, OH. March 2020. Available on the internet 
at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
(xxxiv) USEPA. 2020e. Information Compendium for Candidate 
Contaminants for the Proposed Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring 
Rule (UCMR 5). EPA 815-B-20-006. Office of Water. December 2020.
(xxxv) USEPA. 2020f. UCMR 5 Laboratory Approval Manual. EPA 815-B-
20-007. Office of Water. December 2020.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141

    Environmental protection, Chemicals, Incorporation by reference, 
Indian-lands, Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Water supply.

Jane Nishida,
Acting Administrator.
    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, EPA proposes to amend 40 
CFR part 141 as follows:

PART 141--NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

0
1. The authority citation for Part 141 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300g-2, 300g-3, 300g-4, 
300g-5, 300g-6, 300j-4, 300j-9, and 300j-11.

Subpart D--Reporting and Recordkeeping

0
2. Amend Sec.  141.35 by:
0
a. Revising in paragraph (a) the fourth sentence.
0
b. Removing in paragraph (c)(1) the words ``December 31, 2017,'' and 
add in its place the words ``December 31, 2022,''.
0
c. Revising paragraphs (c)(2), (3)(i) through (iii), (c)(4), (5)(i), 
(6)(ii).
0
d. Revising in paragraphs (d) and (d)(2) the first, second, and third 
sentences.
0
e. Adding paragraph (d)(3).
0
f. Revising paragraph (e).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  141.35  Reporting for unregulated contaminant monitoring results.

    (a) * * * For the purposes of this section, PWS ``population 
served'' is the retail population served directly by the PWS as 
reported to the Federal Safe

[[Page 13866]]

Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/Fed). * * *
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Sampling location inventory information. You must provide your 
inventory information by December 31, 2022, using EPA's electronic data 
reporting system, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. You 
must submit, verify or update data elements 1-9 (as defined in Table 1 
of paragraph (e) of this section) for each sampling location, or for 
each approved representative sampling location (as specified in 
paragraph (c)(3) of this section regarding representative sampling 
locations. If this information changes, you must report updates, 
including new sources and sampling locations that are put in use before 
or during the UCMR sampling period, to EPA's electronic data reporting 
system within 30 days of the change.
    (3) * * *
    (i) Qualifications. Large PWSs that have EPA- or State-approved 
representative EPTDS sampling locations from a previous UCMR cycle, or 
as provided for under Sec.  141.23(a)(1), Sec.  141.24(f)(1), or Sec.  
141.24(h)(1), may submit a copy of documentation from your State or EPA 
that approves your representative sampling plan. PWSs that do not have 
an approved representative EPTDS sampling plan may submit a proposal to 
sample at representative EPTDS(s) rather than at each individual EPTDS 
if: You use ground water as a source; all of your well sources have 
either the same treatment or no treatment; and you have multiple EPTDSs 
from the same source, (i.e., same aquifer). You must submit a copy of 
the existing or proposed representative EPTDS sampling plan, as 
appropriate, at least six months prior to your scheduled sample 
collection, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. If 
changes to your inventory that impact your representative plan occur 
before or during the UCMR sampling period, you must report updates 
within 30 days of the change.
    (ii) Demonstration. If you are submitting a proposal to sample at 
representative EPTDS(s) rather than at each individual EPTDS, you must 
demonstrate that any EPTDS that you propose as representative of 
multiple wells is associated with a well that draws from the same 
aquifer as the wells it will represent. The proposed well must be 
representative of the highest annual-volume and most consistently 
active wells in the representative array. If that representative well 
is not in use at the scheduled sampling time, you must select and 
sample an alternative representative well. You must submit the 
information defined in Table 1, paragraph (e) of this section for each 
proposed representative sampling location. You must also include 
documentation to support your proposal that the specified wells are 
representative of other wells. This documentation can include system-
maintained well logs or construction drawings indicating that the 
representative well(s) is/are at a representative depth, and details of 
well casings and grouting; data demonstrating relative homogeneity of 
water quality constituents (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, 
iron, manganese) in samples drawn from each well; and data showing that 
your wells are located in a limited geographic area (e.g., all wells 
within a 0.5 mile radius) and/or, if available, the hydrogeologic data 
indicating the time of travel separating the representative well from 
each of the individual wells it represents (e.g., all wells within a 
five-year time of travel delineation). Your proposal must be sent in 
writing to EPA, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (iii) Approval. EPA or the State (as specified in the partnership 
agreement reached between the State and EPA) will review your proposal 
and coordinate any necessary changes with you. Your plan will not be 
final until you receive written approval from EPA, identifying the 
final list of EPTDSs where you will be required to monitor.
    (4) Contacting EPA if your PWS has not been notified of 
requirements. If you believe you are subject to UCMR requirements, as 
defined in Sec.  141.40(a)(1) and (2)(i), and you have not been 
contacted by either EPA or your State by [120 days after publication of 
the Federal Register], you must send a letter to EPA, as specified in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section. The letter must be from your PWS 
Official and must include an explanation as to why the UCMR 
requirements are applicable to your system along with the appropriate 
contact information. A copy of the letter must also be submitted to the 
State, as directed by the State. EPA will make an applicability 
determination based on your letter, and in consultation with the State 
when necessary, and will notify you regarding your applicability status 
and required sampling schedule. However, if your PWS meets the 
applicability criteria specified in Sec.  141.40(a)(2)(i), you are 
subject to the UCMR monitoring and reporting requirements, regardless 
of whether you have been contacted by the State or EPA.
    (5) * * *
    (i) General rescheduling notification requirements. Large systems 
may independently change their monitoring schedules up to December 31, 
2022, using EPA's electronic data reporting system, as specified in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section. After this date has passed, if your 
PWS cannot sample according to your assigned sampling schedule (e.g., 
because of budget constraints, or if a sampling location will be closed 
during the scheduled month of monitoring), you must mail or email a 
letter to EPA, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, prior 
to the scheduled sampling date. You must include an explanation of why 
the samples cannot be taken according to the assigned schedule, and you 
must provide the alternative schedule you are requesting. You must not 
reschedule monitoring specifically to avoid sample collection during a 
suspected vulnerable period. You are subject to your assigned UCMR 
sampling schedule or the schedule that you revised on or before 
December 31, 2022, unless and until you receive a letter from EPA 
specifying a new schedule.
* * * * *
    (6) * * *
    (ii) Reporting schedule. You must require your laboratory, on your 
behalf, to post and approve the data in EPA's electronic data reporting 
system, accessible at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr, for your review 
within 90 days from the sample collection date (sample collection must 
occur as specified in Sec.  141.40(a)(4)). You then have 30 days from 
when the laboratory posts and approves your data to review, approve, 
and submit the data to the State and EPA via the Agency's electronic 
data reporting system. If you do not electronically approve and submit 
the laboratory data to EPA within 30 days of the laboratory posting 
approved data, the data will be considered approved by you and 
available for State and EPA review.
* * * * *
    (d) Reporting by small systems. If you serve a population of 3,300 
to 10,000, and meet the applicability criteria in Sec.  
141.40(a)(2)(ii), you must meet the reporting requirements in 
paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this section. If you serve a 
population of less than 3,300 people, and you are notified that you 
have been selected for UCMR monitoring, your reporting requirements 
will be specified within the materials that EPA sends you, including a 
request for contact information, and a request

[[Page 13867]]

for information associated with the sampling kit.
* * * * *
    (2) Sampling location inventory information. You must provide your 
inventory information by December 31, 2022, using EPA's electronic data 
reporting system, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. If 
this information changes, you must report updates, including new 
sources, and sampling locations that are put in use before or during 
the UCMR sampling period, to EPA's electronic data reporting system 
within 30 days of the change, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section. * * *
    (3) Contacting EPA if your PWS has not been notified of 
requirements. If you believe you are subject to UCMR requirements, as 
defined in Sec.  141.40(a)(1) and (2)(ii), and you have not been 
contacted by either EPA or your State by [120 days after publication of 
the Federal Register], you must send a letter to EPA, as specified in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section. The letter must be from your PWS 
Official and must include an explanation as to why the UCMR 
requirements are applicable to your system along with the appropriate 
contact information. A copy of the letter must also be submitted to the 
State, as directed by the State. EPA will make an applicability 
determination based on your letter, and in consultation with the State 
when necessary, and will notify you regarding your applicability status 
and required sampling schedule. However, if your PWS meets the 
applicability criteria specified in Sec.  141.40(a)(2)(ii), you are 
subject to the UCMR monitoring and reporting requirements, regardless 
of whether you have been contacted by the State or EPA.
    (e) Data elements. Table 1 defines the data elements that must be 
provided for UCMR monitoring.

   Table 1--Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Reporting Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Data element                          Definition
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Public Water System              The code used to identify each PWS.
 Identification (PWSID) Code.        The code begins with the standard 2-
                                     character postal State abbreviation
                                     or Region code; the remaining 7
                                     numbers are unique to each PWS in
                                     the State. The same identification
                                     code must be used to represent the
                                     PWS identification for all current
                                     and future UCMR monitoring.
2. Public Water System Name.......  Unique name, assigned once by the
                                     PWS.
3. Public Water System Facility     An identification code established
 Identification Code.                by the State or, at the State's
                                     discretion, by the PWS, following
                                     the format of a 5-digit number
                                     unique within each PWS for each
                                     applicable facility (i.e., for each
                                     source of water, treatment plant,
                                     distribution system, or any other
                                     facility associated with water
                                     treatment or delivery). The same
                                     identification code must be used to
                                     represent the facility for all
                                     current and future UCMR monitoring.
4. Public Water System Facility     Unique name, assigned once by the
 Name.                               PWS, for every facility ID (e.g.,
                                     Treatment Plant).
5. Public Water System Facility     That code that identifies that type
 Type.                               of facility as either:
                                    CC = consecutive connection.
                                    SS = sampling station.
                                    TP = treatment plant.
                                    OT = other.
6. Water Source Type..............  The type of source water that
                                     supplies a water system facility.
                                     Systems must report one of the
                                     following codes for each sampling
                                     location:
                                    SW = surface water (to be reported
                                     for water facilities that are
                                     served entirely by a surface water
                                     source during the twelve-month
                                     period).
                                    GU = ground water under the direct
                                     influence of surface water (to be
                                     reported for water facilities that
                                     are served all or in part by ground
                                     water under the direct influence of
                                     surface water at any time during
                                     the twelve-month sampling period),
                                     and are not served at all by
                                     surface water during this period.
                                    MX = mixed water (to be reported for
                                     water facilities that are served by
                                     a mix of surface water, ground
                                     water and/or ground water under the
                                     direct influence of surface water
                                     during the twelve-month period).
                                    GW = ground water (to be reported
                                     for water facilities that are
                                     served entirely by a ground water
                                     source during the twelve-month
                                     period).
7. Sampling Point Identification    An identification code established
 Code.                               by the State, or at the State's
                                     discretion, by the PWS, that
                                     uniquely identifies each sampling
                                     point. Each sampling code must be
                                     unique within each applicable
                                     facility, for each applicable
                                     sampling location (i.e., entry
                                     point to the distribution system).
                                     The same identification code must
                                     be used to represent the sampling
                                     location for all current and future
                                     UCMR monitoring.
8. Sampling Point Name............  Unique sample point name, assigned
                                     once by the PWS, for every sample
                                     point ID (e.g., Entry Point).
9. Sampling Point Type Code.......  A code that identifies the location
                                     of the sampling point as:
                                    EP = entry point to the distribution
                                     system.
10. Disinfectant Type.............  All of the disinfectants/oxidants
                                     that have been added prior to and
                                     at the entry point to the
                                     distribution system. Please select
                                     all that apply:
                                    PEMB = Permanganate.
                                    HPXB = Hydrogen peroxide.
                                    CLGA = Gaseous chlorine.
                                    CLOF = Offsite Generated
                                     Hypochlorite (stored as a liquid
                                     form).
                                    CLON = Onsite Generated
                                     Hypochlorite.
                                    CAGC = Chloramine (formed with
                                     gaseous chlorine).
                                    CAOF = Chloramine (formed with
                                     offsite hypochlorite).
                                    CAON = Chloramine (formed with
                                     onsite hypochlorite).
                                    CLDB = Chlorine dioxide.
                                    OZON = Ozone.
                                    ULVL = Ultraviolet light.
                                    OTHD = All other types of
                                     disinfectant/oxidant.
                                    NODU = No disinfectant/oxidant used.
11. Treatment Information.........  Treatment information associated
                                     with the sample point. Please
                                     select all that apply.
                                    CON = Conventional (non-softening,
                                     consisting of at least coagulation/
                                     sedimentation basins and
                                     filtration).

[[Page 13868]]

 
                                    SFN = Softening.
                                    RBF = River bank filtration.
                                    PSD = Pre-sedimentation.
                                    INF = In-line filtration.
                                    DFL = Direct filtration.
                                    SSF = Slow sand filtration.
                                    BIO = Biological filtration
                                     (operated with an intention of
                                     maintaining biological activity
                                     within filter).
                                    UTR = Unfiltered treatment for
                                     surface water source.
                                    GWD = Groundwater system with
                                     disinfection only.
                                    PAC = Application of powder
                                     activated carbon.
                                    GAC = Granular activated carbon
                                     adsorption (not part of filters in
                                     CON, SCO, INF, DFL, or SSF).
                                    AIR = Air stripping (packed towers,
                                     diffused gas contactors).
                                    POB = Pre-oxidation with chlorine
                                     (applied before coagulation for CON
                                     or SFN plants or before filtration
                                     for other filtration plants).
                                    MFL = Membrane filtration.
                                    IEX = Ionic exchange.
                                    DAF = Dissolved air floatation.
                                    CWL = Clear well/finished water
                                     storage without aeration.
                                    CWA = Clear well/finished water
                                     storage with aeration.
                                    ADS = Aeration in distribution
                                     system (localized treatment).
                                    OTH = All other types of treatment.
                                    NTU = No treatment used.
                                    DKN = Do not know.
12. Sample Collection Date........  The date the sample is collected,
                                     reported as 4-digit year, 2-digit
                                     month, and 2-digit day (YYYYMMDD).
13. Sample Identification Code....  An alphanumeric value up to 30
                                     characters assigned by the
                                     laboratory to uniquely identify
                                     containers, or groups of
                                     containers, containing water
                                     samples collected at the same
                                     sampling location for the same
                                     sampling date.
14. Contaminant...................  The unregulated contaminant for
                                     which the sample is being analyzed.
15. Analytical Method Code........  The identification code of the
                                     analytical method used.
16. Extraction Batch                Laboratory assigned extraction batch
 Identification Code.                ID. Must be unique for each
                                     extraction batch within the
                                     laboratory for each method. For CCC
                                     samples report the Analysis Batch
                                     Identification Code as the value
                                     for this field. For methods without
                                     an extraction batch, leave this
                                     field null.
17. Extraction Date...............  Date for the start of the extraction
                                     batch (YYYYMMDD). For methods
                                     without an extraction batch, leave
                                     this field null.
18. Analysis Batch Identification   Laboratory assigned analysis batch
 Code.                               ID. Must be unique for each
                                     analysis batch within the
                                     laboratory for each method.
19. Analysis Date.................  Date for the start of the analysis
                                     batch (YYYYMMDD).
20. Sample Analysis Type..........  The type of sample collected and/or
                                     prepared, as well as the
                                     fortification level. Permitted
                                     values include:
                                    CCCL = MRL level continuing
                                     calibration check; a calibration
                                     standard containing the
                                     contaminant, the internal standard,
                                     and surrogate analyzed to verify
                                     the existing calibration for those
                                     contaminants.
                                    CCCM = medium level continuing
                                     calibration check; a calibration
                                     standard containing the
                                     contaminant, the internal standard,
                                     and surrogate analyzed to verify
                                     the existing calibration for those
                                     contaminants.
                                    CCCH = high level continuing
                                     calibration check; a calibration
                                     standard containing the
                                     contaminant, the internal standard,
                                     and surrogate analyzed to verify
                                     the existing calibration for those
                                     contaminants.
                                    FS = field sample; sample collected
                                     and submitted for analysis under
                                     this rule.
                                    LFB = laboratory fortified blank; an
                                     aliquot of reagent water fortified
                                     with known quantities of the
                                     contaminants and all preservation
                                     compounds.
                                    LRB = laboratory reagent blank; an
                                     aliquot of reagent water treated
                                     exactly as a field sample,
                                     including the addition of
                                     preservatives, internal standards,
                                     and surrogates to determine if
                                     interferences are present in the
                                     laboratory, reagents, or other
                                     equipment.
                                    LFSM = laboratory fortified sample
                                     matrix; a UCMR field sample with a
                                     known amount of the contaminant of
                                     interest and all preservation
                                     compounds added.
                                    LFSMD = laboratory fortified sample
                                     matrix duplicate; duplicate of the
                                     laboratory fortified sample matrix.
                                    QCS = quality control sample; a
                                     sample prepared with a source
                                     external to the one used for
                                     initial calibration and CCC. The
                                     QCS is used to check calibration
                                     standard integrity.
                                    FRB = field reagent blank; an
                                     aliquot of reagent water treated as
                                     a sample including exposure to
                                     sampling conditions to determine if
                                     interferences or contamination are
                                     present from sample collection
                                     through analysis.
21. Analytical Results--Sign......  A value indicating whether the
                                     sample analysis result was: (<)
                                     ``less than'' means the contaminant
                                     was not detected, or was detected
                                     at a level below the Minimum
                                     Reporting Level. (=) ``equal to''
                                     means the contaminant was detected
                                     at the level reported in
                                     ``Analytical Result--Measured
                                     Value.''
22. Analytical Result--Measured     The actual numeric value of the
 Value.                              analytical results for: Field
                                     samples; laboratory fortified
                                     matrix samples; laboratory
                                     fortified sample matrix duplicates;
                                     and concentration fortified.
23. Additional Value..............  Represents the true value or the
                                     fortified concentration for spiked
                                     samples for QC Sample Analysis
                                     Types (CCCL, CCCM, CCCH, QCS, LFB,
                                     LFSM and LFSMD).
24. Laboratory Identification Code  The code, assigned by EPA, used to
                                     identify each laboratory. The code
                                     begins with the standard two-
                                     character State postal
                                     abbreviation; the remaining five
                                     numbers are unique to each
                                     laboratory in the State.
25. Sample Event Code.............  A code assigned by the PWS for each
                                     sample event. This will associate
                                     samples with the PWS monitoring
                                     plan to allow EPA to track
                                     compliance and completeness.
                                     Systems must assign the following
                                     codes:
                                    SE1, SE2, SE3 and SE4--represent
                                     samples collected to meet UCMR
                                     Assessment Monitoring requirements;
                                     where ``SE1'' and ``SE2'' represent
                                     the first and second sampling
                                     period for all water types; and
                                     ``SE3'' and ``SE4'' represent the
                                     third and fourth sampling period
                                     for SW, GU, and MX sources only.

[[Page 13869]]

 
26. Historical Information for      A yes or no answer provided by the
 Contaminant Detections and          PWS for each entry point to the
 Treatment.                          distribution system.
                                    Question: Have you tested for the
                                     contaminant in your drinking water
                                     in the past?
                                    YES = If yes, did you modify your
                                     treatment and if so, what types of
                                     treatment did you implement? Select
                                     all that apply.
                                       PAC = Application of powder
                                        activated carbon.
                                       GAC = Granular activated carbon
                                        adsorption (not part of filters
                                        in CON, SCO, INF, DFL, or SSF).
                                       IEX = Ionic exchange.
                                       Nanofiltration and reverse
                                        osmosis.
                                       OZON = Ozone.
                                       Biologically Active Carbon.
                                       MFL = Membrane filtration.
                                       ULVL = Ultraviolet light.
                                       Other.
                                    No = have never tested for the
                                     contaminant.
                                    DK = I do not know.
27. Potential PFAS Sources........  A yes or no answer provided by the
                                     PWS for each entry point to the
                                     distribution system.
                                    Question: Are you aware of any
                                     potential current and/or historical
                                     sources of PFAS that may have
                                     impacted the drinking water sources
                                     at your water system?
                                    YES = If yes, select all that apply:
                                       MB = Military Base.
                                       FT = Firefighting training
                                        school.
                                       AO = Airport Operations.
                                       CW = Car Wash or Industrial
                                        Launderers.
                                       PS = Public Safety Activities
                                        (e.g., fire and rescue
                                        services).
                                       WM = Waste Management.
                                       HW = Hazardous waste collection,
                                        treatment and disposal,
                                        Underground Injection Well.
                                       SC = Solid waste collection,
                                        combustors, incinerators.
                                       MF = Manufacturing.
                                       FP = Food Packaging.
                                       TA = Textile and Apparel (e.g.,
                                        stain- and water- resistant,
                                        fiber/thread, carpet, house
                                        furnishings, leather).
                                       PP = Paper.
                                       CC = Chemical.
                                       PR = Plastics and Rubber
                                        Products.
                                       MM = Machinery.
                                       CE = Computer and Electronic
                                        Products.
                                       FM = Fabricated Metal Products
                                        (e.g., nonstick cookware).
                                       PC = Petroleum and Coal Products.
                                       FF = Furniture.
                                       OG = Oil and Gas Production.
                                       UT = Utilities (e.g., sewage
                                        treatment facilities).
                                       CT = Construction (e.g., wood
                                        floor finishing, electrostatic
                                        painting).
                                       OT = Other.
                                    No = I am not aware of any potential
                                     current and/or historical sources.
                                    DK--I do not know.
28. Direct Potable Reuse Water      A yes or no answer provided by the
 Information.                        PWS for each entry point to the
                                     distribution system.
                                    Question: Do you use direct potable
                                     reuse as a source of water?
                                    Yes = If yes, what is the blending
                                     ratio when used?
                                    Enter blending ratio at sample
                                     point.
                                    No = do not use direct potable reuse
                                     water.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subpart E--Special Regulations, Including Montoring Regulations and 
Prohibtion on Lead Use

0
3. Amend Sec.  141.40 by:
0
a. Removing in paragraph (a) introductory text the words ``December 31, 
2015'' and add it its place the words ``February 1, 2021 or subsequent 
corrections from the State,'',
0
b. Revising paragraphs (a)(2)(ii), (2)(ii)(A), (3), (4)(i)(A) and (B) 
and (C).
0
c. Revising paragraph (a)(4)(ii) and the first sentence in paragraph 
(4)(ii)(A).
0
d. Removing paragraph (a)(4)(iii).
0
e. Revising in paragraph (a)(5)(ii) the fifth and sixth sentences.
0
f. Revising paragraph (a)(5)(iii).
0
g. Removing and reserving paragraph (a)(5)(iv).
0
h. Revising paragraphs (a)(5)(v) and (vi) and paragraph (c).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  141.40  Monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants.

    (a) * * *
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) Small systems. EPA will provide sample containers, provide 
pre-paid air bills for shipping the sampling materials, conduct the 
laboratory analysis, and report and review monitoring results for all 
small systems selected to conduct monitoring under paragraphs 
(a)(2)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section. If you own or operate a PWS 
(other than a transient non-community water system) that serves a 
retail population of 3,300 to 10,000 people, or if you serve a 
population of fewer than 3,300 people and you are notified of 
monitoring requirements by the State or EPA, you must monitor as 
follows:
    (A) Assessment Monitoring. You must monitor for the contaminants on 
List 1 per Table 1, in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, if you serve 
3,300 to 10,000 people or are notified by your State or EPA that you 
are part of the State

[[Page 13870]]

Monitoring Plan for Assessment Monitoring.
* * * * *
    (3) Analytes to be monitored. Lists 1, 2, and 3 contaminants are 
provided in the following table:

                                                             Table 1--UCMR Contaminant List
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                      6--Period during
                                                              3--Analytical methods   4--Minimum reporting   5--Sampling location       which sample
           1--Contaminant                   2--CASRN                   \a\                 level \b\                 \c\              collection to be
                                                                                                                                         completed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              List 1: Assessment Monitoring
                                                       Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane- 763051-92-9...........  EPA 533...............  0.005 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 1-sulfonic acid (11Cl-PF3OUdS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecane       39108-34-4............  EPA 533...............  0.005 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 sulfonic acid (8:2 FTS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorohexane       757124-72-4...........  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 sulfonic acid (4:2 FTS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctane       27619-97-2............  EPA 533...............  0.005 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS).
4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid  919005-14-4...........  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 (ADONA).
9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-  756426-58-1...........  EPA 533...............  0.002 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS).
hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer      13252-13-6............  EPA 533...............  0.005 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 acid (HFPO-DA) (GenX).
nonafluoro[hyphen]3,6[hyphen]dioxah  151772-58-6...........  EPA 533...............  0.02 [micro]g/L......  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 eptanoic acid (NFDHA).
perfluoro (2[hyphen]ethoxyethane)    113507-82-7...........  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 sulfonic acid (PFEESA).
perfluoro[hyphen]3[hyphen]methoxypr  377-73-1..............  EPA 533...............  0.004 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 opanoic acid (PFMPA).
perfluoro[hyphen]4[hyphen]methoxybu  863090-89-5...........  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 tanoic acid (PFMBA).
perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS)  375-73-5..............  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)......  375-22-4..............  EPA 533...............  0.005 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)......  335-76-2..............  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA)...  307-55-1..............  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid        375-92-8..............  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 (PFHpS).
perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA)....  375-85-9..............  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid         355-46-4..............  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 (PFHxS).
perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA).....  307-24-4..............  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)......  375-95-1..............  EPA 533...............  0.004 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)  1763-23-1.............  EPA 533...............  0.004 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)......  335-67-1..............  EPA 533...............  0.004 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluoropentanesulfonic acid        2706-91-4.............  EPA 533...............  0.004 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 (PFPeS).
perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA)....  2706-90-3.............  EPA 533...............  0.003 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA)...  2058-94-8.............  EPA 533...............  0.002 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
n-ethyl                              2991-50-6.............  EPA 537.1.............  0.005 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic
 acid (NEtFOSAA).
n-methyl                             2355-31-9.............  EPA 537.1.............  0.006 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
 perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic
 acid (NMeFOSAA).
perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA).  376-06-7..............  EPA 537.1.............  0.008 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA).  72629-94-8............  EPA 537.1.............  0.007 [micro]g/L.....  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Metal/Pharmaceutical
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lithium............................  7439-93-2.............  EPA 200.7, SM 3120 B,   9 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS................  1/1/2023-12/31/2025.
                                                              ASTM D1976-20.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                List 2: Screening Survey
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reserved...........................  Reserved..............  Reserved..............  Reserved.............  Reserved.............  Reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               List 3: Pre-Screen Testing
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reserved...........................  Reserved..............  Reserved..............  Reserved.............  Reserved.............  Reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column headings are:
1--Contaminant: The name of the contaminant to be analyzed.
2--CASRN (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number) or Identification Number: A unique number identifying the chemical contaminants.
3--Analytical Methods: Method numbers identifying the methods that must be used to test the contaminants.
4--Minimum Reporting Level (MRL): The value and unit of measure at or above which the concentration of the contaminant must be measured using the
  approved analytical methods. If EPA determines, after the first six months of monitoring that the specified MRLs result in excessive resampling, EPA
  will establish alternate MRLs and will notify affected PWSs and laboratories of the new MRLs. N/A is defined as non-applicable.
5--Sampling Location: The locations within a PWS at which samples must be collected.
6--Period During Which Sample Collection to be Completed: The time period during which the sampling and testing will occur for the indicated
  contaminant.
\a\ The analytical procedures shall be performed in accordance with the documents associated with each method, see paragraph (c) of this section.
\b\ The MRL is the minimum concentration of each analyte that must be reported to EPA.
\c\ Sampling must occur at your PWS's entry points to the distribution system (EPTDSs), after treatment is applied, that represent each non-emergency
  water source in routine use over the 12-month period of monitoring. Systems that purchase water with multiple connections from the same wholesaler may
  select one representative connection from that wholesaler. The representative EPTDS must be a location within the purchaser's water system. This EPTDS
  sampling location must be representative of the highest annual volume connections. If the connection selected as the representative EPTDS is not
  available for sampling, an alternate highest volume representative connection must be sampled. See 40 CFR 141.35(c)(3) for an explanation of the
  requirements related to the use of representative GW EPTDSs.


[[Page 13871]]

    (4) * * *
    (i) * * *
    (A) Sample collection period. You must collect the samples in one 
continuous 12-month period for List 1 Assessment Monitoring, and, if 
applicable, for List 2 Screening Survey, or List 3 Pre-Screen Testing, 
during the time frame indicated in column 6 of Table 1, in paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section. EPA or your State will specify the month(s) and 
year(s) in which your monitoring must occur. As specified in Sec.  
141.35(c)(5), you must contact EPA if you believe you cannot collect 
samples according to your schedule.
    (B) Frequency. You must collect the samples within the timeframe 
and according to the frequency specified by contaminant type and water 
source type for each sampling location, as specified in Table 2, in 
this paragraph. For the second or subsequent round of sampling, if a 
sample location is non-operational for more than one month before and 
one month after the scheduled sampling month (i.e., it is not possible 
for you to sample within the window specified in Table 2, in this 
paragraph), you must notify EPA as specified in Sec.  141.35(c)(5) to 
reschedule your sampling.

                       Table 2--Monitoring Frequency by Contaminant and Water Source Types
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Contaminant type              Water source type           Timeframe               Frequency \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List 1 Contaminants--..............  Surface water, Mixed,   12 months.............  You must monitor for four
                                      or GWUDI.                                       consecutive quarters.
                                                                                      Sample events must occur
                                                                                      three months apart.
                                                                                      (Example: If first
                                                                                      monitoring is in January,
                                                                                      the second monitoring must
                                                                                      occur any time in April,
                                                                                      the third any time in July
                                                                                      and the fourth any time in
                                                                                      October).
                                     Ground water..........  12 months.............  You must monitor twice in a
                                                                                      consecutive 12-month
                                                                                      period. Sample events must
                                                                                      occur 5-7 months apart.
                                                                                      (Example: If the first
                                                                                      monitoring event is in
                                                                                      April, the second
                                                                                      monitoring event must
                                                                                      occur any time in
                                                                                      September, October or
                                                                                      November).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Systems must assign a sample event code for each contaminant listed in Table 1. Sample event codes must be
  assigned by the PWS for each sample event. For more information on sample event codes see Sec.   141.35(e)
  Table 1.

    (C) Location. You must collect samples for each List 1 Assessment 
Monitoring contaminant, and, if applicable, for each List 2 Screening 
Survey, or List 3 Pre-Screen Testing contaminant, as specified in Table 
1, in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. Samples must be collected at 
each sample point that is specified in column 5 and footnote c of Table 
1, in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. If you are a GW system with 
multiple EPTDSs, and you request and receive approval from EPA or the 
State for sampling at representative EPTDS(s), as specified in Sec.  
141.35(c)(3), you must collect your samples from the approved 
representative sampling location(s).
* * * * *
    (ii) Small systems. If you serve a population of 3,300 to 10,000 
people and meet the UCMR applicability criteria specified in paragraph 
(a)(2)(ii) of this section, or if you serve a population of fewer than 
3,300 people and are notified that you are part of the State Monitoring 
Plan, you must comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs 
(a)(4)(ii)(A) through (H) of this section. If EPA or the State informs 
you that they will be collecting your UCMR samples, you must assist 
them in identifying the appropriate sampling locations and in 
collecting the samples.
    (A) Sample collection and frequency. You must collect samples at 
the times specified for you by the State or EPA. Your schedule must 
follow both the timing of monitoring specified in Table 1, List 1, and, 
if applicable, List 2, or List 3, and the frequency of monitoring in 
Table 2 of this section.
* * * * *
    (5) * * *
* * * * *
    (ii) * * * To participate in the UCMR Laboratory Approval Program, 
the laboratory must register and complete the necessary application 
materials by August 1, 2022. Correspondence must be addressed to: UCMR 
Laboratory Approval Coordinator, USEPA, Technical Support Center, 26 
West Martin Luther King Drive, (MS 140), Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; or 
emailed to EPA at: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#194c5a544b4655787b465869696b766f7875597c6978377e766f"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="4e1b0d031c11022f2c110f3e3e3c21382f220e2b3e2f60292138">[email protected]</span></a>.
    (iii) Minimum Reporting Level. The MRL is defined by EPA as the 
quantitation limit achievable, with 95% confidence, by 75% of 
laboratories nationwide, assuming the use of good instrumentation and 
experienced analysts.
* * * * *
    (iv) [Reserved]
    (v) Method defined quality control. You must ensure that your 
laboratory analyzes Laboratory Fortified Blanks and conducts Laboratory 
Performance Checks, as appropriate to the method's requirements, for 
those methods listed in Table 1, column 3, in paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section. Each method specifies acceptance criteria for these QC checks.
    (vi) Reporting. You must require your laboratory, on your behalf, 
to post and approve these data in EPA's electronic data reporting 
system, accessible at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr, for your review 
within 90 days from the sample collection date. You then have 30 days 
from when the laboratory posts and approves your data to review, 
approve and submit the data to the State and EPA, via the Agency's 
electronic data reporting system. If you do not electronically approve 
and submit the laboratory data to EPA within 30 days of the laboratory 
posting approved data, the data will be considered approved by you and 
available for State and EPA review.
* * * * *
    (c) Incorporation by reference. These standards are incorporated by 
reference into this section with the approval of the Director of the 
Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, Water Docket, EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 
3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20004 (202) 566-1744, 
email <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d094bfb3bbb5a4fdb3a5a3a4bfbdb5a2a3b5a2a6b9b3b590b5a0b1feb7bfa6"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="63270c000806174e001610170c0e0611100611150a0006230613024d040c15">[email protected]</span></a>, or go to https://www.epa.gov/dockets/epa-docket-center-reading-room.. The material is also available 
for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration 
(NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, 
email <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#513734352334367f3d3436303d113f3023307f363e27"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="751310110710125b1910121419351b1407145b121a03">[email protected]</span></a>, or go to www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
    (1) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 
Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20004.
    (i) Method 200.7 ``Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in 
Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission 
Spectrometry,''

[[Page 13872]]

Revision 4.4, EMMC Version, 1994. Available on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/esam/method-2007-determination-metals-and-trace-elements-water-and-wastes-inductively-coupled-plasma.
    (ii) Method 537.1 ``Determination of Selected Per- and 
Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Drinking Water by Solid Phase 
Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry,'' 
Version 2.0, 2020. Available on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods.
    (iii) Method 533 ``Determination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl 
Substances in Drinking Water by Isotope Dilution Anion Exchange Solid 
Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry,'' 
November 2019, EPA 815-B-19-020. Available on the internet at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
    (2) American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, 
Washington, DC 20001-3710.
    (i) ``Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater,'' 
23rd edition (2017).
    (A) SM 3120 B ``Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (2017): 
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.''
    (B) [Reserved]
    (ii) The following methods are from ``Standard Methods Online.'' 
Available for purchase on the internet at https://www.standardmethods.org.
    (A) SM 3120 B ``Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy: Inductively 
Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method (Editorial Revisions, 2011),'' (SM 3120 B-
99)
    (B) [Reserved]
    (3) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, 
PA 19428-2959.
    (i) ASTM D1976-20 ``Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by 
Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy,'' approved May 
1, 2020. Available for purchase on the internet at https://www.astm.org/Standards/D1976.htm.
    (ii) [Reserved]

[FR Doc. 2021-03920 Filed 3-10-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


</pre><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script></body>
</html>