American Community Survey Briefs

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program 

(SNAP) Receipt for Households: 2018

In 2018, New Mexico and West Virginia were among the 

states with the highest SNAP participation rates (17.3 

percent and 16.6 percent, respectively).4 The state with 

the lowest participation rate was Wyoming (5.0 percent) (Appendix Table 1 and Figure 1).5

While some SNAP eligibility requirements vary across 

states, differences in household income and the percentage of households below the poverty line likely 

also explain some of the differences in participation 

rates between states. In 2018, 46.8 percent of SNAP 

households nationwide had incomes below the official poverty level (Table 2). The two states that were 

among the states with the highest rates of participation 

in SNAP (New Mexico and West Virginia) had median 

household incomes in 2018 that were below the national 

4 The difference between the participation rates for New Mexico 

and West Virginia are not statistically significant. 5 Data for Puerto Rico were not included when comparing state 

data for this report.

INTRODUCTION

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) 

is a federally funded program administered by states, 

which provides nutritional support to low-income 

individuals and households. This report presents data 

on SNAP receipt during 2018 at the national and state 

levels based on the 2018 American Community Survey 

(ACS) 1-year estimates.1 In addition, this report presents 

historical comparisons dating back to 2005, when the 

ACS began collecting these data. The ACS identifies 

households in which one or more current members 

received SNAP during the past 12 months. Data are 

shown at the household level. If any person living at the 

sample address at the time of the interview received 

SNAP in the past 12 months, then the household is 

included in the estimate of SNAP participation. 

SNAP RECEIPT IN 2018

Of the 122 million households in the United States in 

2018, about 11.3 percent (14 million households) received 

SNAP benefits at some point during the year (Appendix 

Table 1).2

SNAP is a means-tested program, meaning that a person or household must have an income below a certain 

threshold to be eligible to receive benefits. The size of 

the SNAP benefit depends on household size, composition, and income. According to data from the Food and 

Nutrition Service (FNS), the average monthly household 

SNAP benefit in fiscal year 2018 was $251.3

1

 The U.S. Census Bureau reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved 

the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release. 

CBDRB-FY20-POP001-0110. 2 Estimates derived from the ACS differ from those provided 

by the FNS; see text box, “Differences Between Survey Data and 

Administrative Records” for a discussion. 3 See <https://fns-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files

/resource-files/34SNAPmonthly-4.pdf>.

What Is SNAP?

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program 

(SNAP) is the largest federal food assistance program. 

SNAP provides benefits to eligible low-income individuals and families via an Electronic Benefits Transfer 

(EBT) card. This card can be used like a debit card to 

purchase eligible food in authorized retail food stores.1

The Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the

U.S. Department of Agriculture administers SNAP 

through state and local welfare offices. Prior to 2008, 

SNAP was known as “food stamps.”

1

 Eligible foods include fruits and vegetables, meat, poultry, 

fish, dairy products, breads, and cereals.

ACSBR/20-01

Issued June 2020

By Tracy A. Loveless
2 U.S. Census Bureau

average and poverty rates above 

the national poverty rate (Table 

1). In contrast, the state with the 

lowest SNAP participation rate 

(Wyoming) had median household income about at the national 

median and poverty rate below the 

national poverty rate. 

SNAP participation also varies by 

demographic characteristics. For 

example, fewer SNAP households 

contain someone over the age of 

60 than contain a child under the 

age of 18. About one-third of SNAP 

households in 2018 included at 

least one person aged 60 or over, 

while almost half of SNAP households contained a child under the 

age of 18 (Table 2; these measures 

are not mutually exclusive). 

DC

TX

CA

MT

AZ

ID

NV

NM

CO

IL

OR

UT

KS

WY

IA

NE

SD

MN

FL

ND

OK

WI

MO

WA

AL GA

LA

AR

MI

IN

PA

NY

NC

MS

TN

VA

KY

OH

SC

ME

WV

VT

NH

NJ

MA

CT

MD

DE

RI

AK

PR

HI

 

0 500Miles

0 1 00Miles

0 1 00Miles

0 50Miles

Figure 1. 

Percentage of Households Receiving SNAP Benefits

Relative to the United States Average: 2018

Significantly higher

Note: For more information, see 

<www.census.gov/acs>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2018

American Community Survey, 1-Year 

Estimates and 2018 Puerto Rico 

Community Survey (Table S2201).

U.S. percent does not 

include data for 

Puerto Rico.

No dierence

Significantly lower

U.S. average: 11.3

Table 1.

2018 Median Household Income and Poverty Rates in States With the 

Highest and Lowest SNAP Participation

United States and state

Median household 

income Poverty rate

Dollars

Margin of 

error1

(±) Percent

Margin of 

error1

(±)

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61,937 94 13.1 0.

Highest SNAP Participation

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,169 900 19.5 0.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . 

Lowest SNAP Participation

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . 

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a 

measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error in relation to the size of the 

estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the 

margin of error forms the 90 percent confidence interval.

Note: For more information about your state, visit <https://data.census.gov>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2018 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Tables 

S2201 and S1701).
U.S. Census Bureau 3

Table 2.

Percentage of Households Receiving SNAP: 2018

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Percent 

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X 11.3 0.1 88.7 0.1

 With one or more people in the household 60 

 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3 0.1 35.7 0.2 40.9 0.1

 No people in the household 60 years

 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 0.1 64.3 0.2 59.1 0.1

HOUSEHOLD TYPE

Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 0.1 24.7 0.2 50.8 0.1

Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 0.1 42.5 0.2 14.1 0.1

 Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 0.1 8.0 0.1 4.6 0.1

Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 12.4 0.1 34.5 0.2 9.6 0.1

Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 0.1 32.8 0.2 35.0 0.1

With children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 0.1 48.7 0.2 28.0 0.1

 Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.7 0.1 16.5 0.2 20.1 0.1

 Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 0.1 31.6 0.2 7.6 0.1

  Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.1 5.2 0.1 2.4 0.1

  Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . 7.7 0.1 26.4 0.2 5.3 0.1

 Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1

No children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 0.1 51.3 0.2 72.0 0.1

 Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 0.1 8.2 0.1 30.7 0.1

 Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 0.1 10.8 0.1 6.5 0.1

  Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 2.3 0.1 2.8 0.1 2.2 0.1

  Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . 4.7 0.1 8.1 0.1 4.3 0.1

Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 0.1 32.2 0.2 34.8 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 0.1 46.8 0.3 8.4 0.1

At or above poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.3 0.1 53.2 0.3 91.6 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability . . . . . . . . . 25.5 0.1 46.6 0.2 22.8 0.1

With no persons with a disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 0.1 53.4 0.2 77.2 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER

White alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.0 0.1 59.3 0.3 78.1 0.1

Black or African American alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 0.1 26.6 0.2 10.6 0.1

American Indian and Alaska Native alone . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.1

Asian alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 0.1 2.9 0.1 5.1 0.1

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander alone . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Some other race alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 0.1 6.4 0.1 3.3 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.1 3.2 0.1 2.1 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race)2 . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 0.1 22.3 0.2 12.3 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 0.1 45.0 0.2 69.8 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS 

(IN 2018 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,937 94 22,229 143 68,329 153

WORK STATUS

Families (estimate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,241,578 137,610 9,250,475 55,217 69,991,103 146,460

 No workers in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 0.1 21.0 0.2 14.1 0.1

1 worker in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 0.1 48.0 0.3 30.0 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 0.1 30.9 0.3 55.9 0.1

X Not applicable.

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval. 2 People of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Hispanics can choose one or more race categories, including White, Black or African American, 

American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2018 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).
4 U.S. Census Bureau

person have more liberal eligibility requirements.6 About half of all 

SNAP households (46.6 percent) 

included at least one person with

a disability in 2018, which is

slightly lower than the rate in

2005 (53.9 percent) (Figure 2). 

Only about one in four SNAP 

households included a marriedcouple family.7 About 35 percent 

6 For more information, see

<www.fns.usda.gov/snap/eligibility

/elderly-disabled-special-rules>. 7 A family consists of a householder 

(or the person in whose name the home is 

owned or rented) and one or more other 

people living in the same household who 

are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. All people in a household 

who are related to the householder are 

regarded as members of his or her family. 

Both estimates show a change 

over time. The share of SNAP 

households containing at least 

one person aged 60 and over has 

increased since 2005, the first year 

for which these data are available. 

In 2005, 22.6 percent of SNAP 

households included at least one 

person aged 60 and over. This 

grew to 35.7 percent of SNAP 

households in 2018. In contrast, the 

share of SNAP households with at 

least one child under the age of 18 

fell from 60.4 percent in 2005 to 

48.7 percent in 2018 (Figure 2).

Another factor that affects SNAP 

eligibility is disability status. 

Households containing a disabled 

Figure 2. 

Share of SNAP Households by Economic and Demographic Characteristics: 2005 and 2018

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005 and 2018 American Community Surveys, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).

(In percent)

2005

2018

With a person aged 

60 and over

With at least one child 

under the age of 18

With a disabled 

person

White reference 

person

Black reference 

person

Hispanic reference 

person

Below poverty 

level

22.6

35.7

60.4

48.7

53.9

46.6

57.2

59.3

29.3

26.6

17.8

22.3

58.8

46.8

of SNAP households had a female 

reference person living with at 

least one other relative but with 

no spouse present.8 Another 32.8 

percent of SNAP households were 

categorized as nonfamily households—households in which no one 

in the household is related by birth, 

marriage, or adoption to the reference person (Table 2).

8 One person in each household is designated as the reference person. Usually this 

is the person, or one of the people, in whose 

name the home is owned, being bought, or 

rented, and who is listed as “Person 1” on 

the survey questionnaire. If there is no such 

person in the household, any adult household member aged 15 and older can be 

designated.
U.S. Census Bureau 5

CONCLUSION

The 2018 ACS data show that 

SNAP benefits a wide variety of 

families and households across 

the United States. SNAP is often 

the primary source of nutrition 

assistance for many low-income 

households.9 ACS data provide 

important information about these 

SNAP households and show how 

they have changed over time. 

Additional information on receipt 

since 2005 can be found in the 

appendix tables.

9 For more information, see 

<www.usda.gov/topics/food-and-nutrition>.

SOURCE AND ACCURACY

The data presented in this report 

are based on the ACS sample 

interviewed from January 2018 

through December 2018 (2018 

ACS) 1-year estimates. The estimates based on these samples 

describe the average values of person, household, and housing unit 

characteristics over this period of 

collection. The ACS is conducted 

every month, with SNAP participation data collected for the 12 

months preceding the interview.

What Is the American 

Community Survey (ACS)?

The ACS is a nationwide 

survey designed to provide 

reliable and timely demographic, social, economic, 

and housing data for the 

nation, states, congressional 

districts, counties, places, 

and other localities every 

year. It has an annual sample 

size of about 3.5 million 

addresses across the United 

States and Puerto Rico and 

includes both housing units 

and group quarters (e.g., 

nursing facilities and prisons). The ACS is conducted 

in every county throughout the nation, and every 

municipio in Puerto Rico, 

where it is called the Puerto 

Rico Community Survey. 

Beginning in 2005, ACS data 

have been released annually 

for geographic areas with 

populations of 65,000 and 

greater. For information on 

the ACS sample design

and other topics, visit

<www.census.gov/acs>.

Since 2018, all ACS data 

products are released on the 

U.S. Census Bureau’s new 

data dissemination platform 

at <https://data.census

.gov>. Data.census.gov is the 

new platform to access data 

and digital content from the 

Census Bureau. The centralized experience allows data 

users of all skill levels to 

search tables, visualize and 

download data, and create 

custom statistics. ACS data 

from 2010 forward are available on data.census.gov. 

Differences Between Survey Data and Administrative Records

Each year the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition 

Service (FNS) reports the number of households participating in 

the SNAP program. For fiscal year 2018, FNS reports 20.2 million 

households participating in the program.1 There are a couple of 

factors that can explain the difference between the ACS estimates 

of the number of participating households and the FNS estimates: 

(1) The FNS definition of households does not align with the ACS 

definition. The ACS includes as a “household” all the persons 

who occupy a housing unit as their usual place of residence. FNS 

defines a SNAP household as a person living alone or a group of 

people living together who buy food and make meals together. If 

an individual lives with other people, but they buy their own food 

and make their own meals, they may be able to apply for SNAP as 

a separate household. Therefore, there can be more than one SNAP 

household in an ACS household. (2) There is substantial research on 

the tendency for survey respondents to underreport participation in 

means-tested programs. For example, a recent study linking Current 

Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS 

ASEC) data to SNAP administrative records found that 46 percent 

of SNAP recipients in administrative records did not report receipt 

on the CPS ASEC.2 While there has been less research directly linking ACS data to SNAP administrative data, it is clear that there is 

substantial underreporting in the ACS as well.

1

 See <https://fns-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/resource-files

/34SNAPmonthly-4.pdf>. 2 Kathryn Shantz and Liana Fox, “Precision in Measurement: Using State-Level 

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Temporary Assistance for Needy 

Families Administrative Records and the Transfer Income Model (TRIM3) to Evaluate 

Poverty Measurement,” U.S. Census Bureau, Working Paper #SEHSD-WP2018-30, 

November 2018.
6 U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix Table 1.

Number and Percentage of Households Receiving SNAP in the Past 12 Months by State: 2018

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Area

Households SNAP receipt in 2018

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Number

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

   United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,520,180 153,217 13,769,015 61,038 11.3 0.1

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,855,184 11,821 247,434 7,931 13.3 0.4

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,551 3,266 27,815 1,901 10.9 0.7

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,614,298 11,305 271,775 7,947 10.4 0.3

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,156,347 7,393 131,342 5,544 11.4 0.5

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,072,122 21,485 1,114,465 18,430 8.5 0.1

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,176,757 7,548 156,794 5,881 7.2 0.3

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,378,091 6,923 154,161 6,626 11.2 0.5

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367,671 3,933 41,515 3,341 11.3 0.9

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287,476 2,752 40,353 2,804 14.0 1.0

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,809,358 20,825 1,077,869 17,206 13.8 0.2

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,803,012 14,400 453,168 11,157 11.9 0.3

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455,309 4,541 45,590 3,301 10.0 0.7

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640,270 5,214 56,753 3,995 8.9 0.6

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,864,864 12,677 599,358 11,724 12.3 0.2

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,599,169 10,447 230,522 7,550 8.9 0.3

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,267,873 7,772 122,222 4,311 9.6 0.3

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,133,408 7,193 82,465 3,854 7.3 0.3

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,732,713 8,718 229,058 7,892 13.2 0.4

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,737,220 10,627 260,842 8,723 15.0 0.5

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570,307 5,261 73,727 3,787 12.9 0.7

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,215,935 9,432 208,654 7,163 9.4 0.3

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,624,294 8,879 301,025 8,559 11.5 0.3

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,957,466 12,369 498,793 8,957 12.6 0.2

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,194,452 6,925 160,758 4,844 7.3 0.2

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108,630 9,640 164,100 7,024 14.8 0.6

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,434,806 10,407 260,185 7,096 10.7 0.3

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431,421 4,444 38,358 3,072 8.9 0.7

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765,490 3,878 64,082 3,574 8.4 0.5

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,129,810 6,479 126,476 4,410 11.2 0.4

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531,212 5,670 35,405 3,142 6.7 0.6

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,249,567 9,867 265,127 8,665 8.2 0.3

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794,093 5,137 137,059 5,970 17.3 0.8

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,367,015 16,617 1,072,330 15,005 14.6 0.2

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,011,462 16,617 465,045 11,837 11.6 0.3

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319,355 4,442 22,273 2,175 7.0 0.7

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,685,447 12,486 574,291 10,900 12.3 0.2

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485,310 6,108 185,838 5,850 12.5 0.4

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,639,970 6,988 241,059 8,801 14.7 0.5

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,070,931 12,151 679,656 11,501 13.4 0.2

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406,573 4,965 62,734 4,312 15.4 1.0

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,927,991 12,233 220,112 7,622 11.4 0.4

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345,449 3,406 28,102 2,079 8.1 0.6

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,603,140 11,640 337,798 9,385 13.0 0.4

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,776,083 21,679 1,166,233 20,236 11.9 0.2

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998,891 5,079 64,722 4,087 6.5 0.4

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,373 3,502 27,163 2,357 10.4 0.9

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,175,524 13,138 251,693 9,340 7.9 0.3

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895,575 9,139 320,915 9,377 11.1 0.3

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734,703 6,052 122,014 5,305 16.6 0.7

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,371,960 6,714 238,242 6,489 10.0 0.3

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,252 3,746 11,545 1,850 5.0 0.8

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,179,637 9,819 492,527 8,949 41.8 0.7

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Note: Details may not sum to totals because of rounding. For full table, see Table S2201 for 2018 at <https://data.census.gov>. U.S. estimate 

and percent does not include data for Puerto Rico.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2018 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates and 2018 Puerto Rico Community Survey (Table S2201).
U.S. Census Bureau 7

Appendix Table 2.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2005

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,090,617 143,575 8,918,469 53,474 102,172,148 165,148

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 0.1 22.6 0.2 31.0 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 0.1 60.4 0.3 32.7 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 0.1 58.8 0.3 9.1 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 0.1 53.9 0.3 25.6 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.8 0.1 98.0 0.1 98.8 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.1 0.1 57.2 0.3 79.9 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 0.1 29.3 0.2 10.3 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.1 1.7 0.1 0.7 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.1 3.8 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 0.1 7.6 0.2 4.0 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 0.1 2.0 0.1 1.2 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 0.1 17.8 0.2 9.9 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 0.1 47.9 0.3 74.4 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2005 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,242 104 13,879 111 49,861 122

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,341,149 183,254 6,528,962 44,824 67,812,187 197,972

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 13.1 0.1 22.9 0.3 12.1 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 0.1 49.8 0.4 30.0 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 55.2 0.1 27.4 0.4 57.9 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Note: Previously published in American FactFinder, Table S2201.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates. 
8 U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix Table 3.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2006

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,090,617 145,530 9,019,877 48,086 102,597,525 152,021

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 0.1 23.6 0.2 31.4 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 0.1 59.0 0.3 32.5 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 0.1 56.9 0.3 8.9 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 0.1 54.1 0.3 25.4 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.7 0.1 97.9 0.1 98.8 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.9 0.1 57.6 0.3 79.7 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 0.1 28.7 0.3 10.2 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.6 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.1 3.9 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 0.1 7.9 0.1 4.3 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 0.1 2.1 0.1 1.2 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 0.1 17.7 0.2 10.2 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 0.1 48.7 0.3 74.2 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2006 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,451 82 14,773 114 51,796 60

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,564,066 148,862 6,532,025 40,685 68,032,041 147,467

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 12.9 0.1 22.5 0.3 12.0 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 0.1 48.9 0.4 29.8 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 55.5 0.1 28.6 0.3 58.1 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Note: Previously published in American FactFinder, Table S2201.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
U.S. Census Bureau 9

Appendix Table 4.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2007

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,090,617 144,356 8,676,234 44,475 103,701,743 154,777

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 0.1 24.0 0.2 32.1 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 0.1 59.2 0.3 32.3 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 0.1 58.4 0.3 8.5 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 0.1 55.1 0.3 25.2 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.6 0.1 97.7 0.1 98.7 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 0.1 57.6 0.2 79.5 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 0.1 28.6 0.2 10.4 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.6 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.1 3.9 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.1 7.8 0.2 4.2 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.1 2.3 0.1 1.3 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 0.1 17.9 0.2 10.4 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 0.1 48.5 0.2 73.8 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2007 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,740 75 14,807 102 54,154 101

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,119,260 150,790 6,254,260 40,337 68,865,000 153,424

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 12.9 0.1 23.1 0.3 12.0 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 0.1 50.0 0.4 29.9 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 55.5 0.1 26.9 0.3 58.1 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Note: Previously published in American FactFinder, Table S2201.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
10 U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix Table 5.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2008

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,090,617 146,859 9,769,112 47,178 103,332,217 151,665

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 0.1 24.7 0.2 33.0 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 0.1 57.9 0.3 31.6 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 0.1 55.1 0.3 8.6 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 0.1 47.4 0.3 22.2 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.6 0.1 97.6 0.1 98.7 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 0.1 60.1 0.3 80.5 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 0.1 27.8 0.2 10.3 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 0.1 2.1 0.1 3.9 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.1 6.0 0.1 3.3 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.1 2.4 0.1 1.3 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 0.1 18.2 0.2 10.5 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 0.1 49.1 0.3 73.7 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2008 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,029 73 16,637 101 56,215 88

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,030,551 141,041 6,993,311 44,978 68,037,240 138,175

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 12.8 0.1 21.8 0.3 11.9 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 0.1 49.8 0.3 29.9 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 55.4 0.1 28.4 0.2 58.2 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Note: Previously published in American FactFinder, Table S2201.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2008 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
U.S. Census Bureau 11

Appendix Table 6.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2009

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,090,617 161,397 11,707,519 48,656 101,908,710 165,854

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 0.1 24.3 0.2 34.0 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 0.1 57.6 0.2 30.8 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 0.1 54.2 0.2 8.8 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 0.1 45.6 0.3 21.9 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.5 0.1 97.5 0.1 98.6 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.6 0.1 60.3 0.2 80.7 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 0.1 27.3 0.2 10.1 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 0.1 2.1 0.1 4.0 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.1 6.1 0.1 3.1 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 0.1 2.5 0.1 1.4 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 0.1 18.8 0.2 10.3 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 0.1 49.0 0.2 73.9 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2009 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,221 74 16,903 96 54,864 89

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,530,746 133,877 8,468,089 45,023 67,062,657 138,277

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 13.7 0.1 22.9 0.3 12.5 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 0.1 48.7 0.3 30.3 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 53.9 0.1 28.4 0.2 57.2 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Note: Previously published in American FactFinder, Table S2201.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
12 U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix Table 7.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2010

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,567,419 163,249 13,608,177 58,796 100,959,242 154,700

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 0.1 24.7 0.2 35.4 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 0.1 56.7 0.2 29.9 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 0.1 52.3 0.2 8.9 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 0.1 43.8 0.2 21.7 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 0.1 97.3 0.1 98.5 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.2 0.1 61.0 0.2 80.5 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 0.1 26.4 0.2 10.1 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 0.1 2.2 0.1 4.2 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.1 6.2 0.1 3.0 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 0.1 2.7 0.1 1.5 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 0.1 20.1 0.2 10.4 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.6 0.1 48.5 0.2 73.5 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2010 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,046 64 17,912 115 55,187 79

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,089,045 141,318 9,866,444 47,019 66,222,601 137,116

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 14.7 0.1 24.1 0.2 13.3 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 0.1 47.6 0.3 31.3 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 51.9 0.1 28.3 0.2 55.4 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Note: This table is adapted from annual table S2201 on <www.data.census.gov>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).
U.S. Census Bureau 13

Appendix Table 8.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2011

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,991,725 179,541 14,944,642 59,743 100,047,083 167,034

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 0.1 25.5 0.2 36.2 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 0.1 55.2 0.2 29.4 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 0.1 52.8 0.2 8.9 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 0.1 43.5 0.2 21.8 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 0.1 97.3 0.1 98.4 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.0 0.1 61.2 0.2 80.5 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 0.1 26.1 0.2 10.0 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.6 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 0.1 2.3 0.1 4.3 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.1 6.2 0.1 2.9 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 0.1 2.7 0.1 1.6 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 0.1 20.1 0.2 10.6 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.2 0.1 48.7 0.2 73.4 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2011 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,502 73 18,014 95 56,458 92

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,084,006 144,469 10,684,424 52,797 65,399,582 136,279

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 15.1 0.1 24.1 0.2 13.6 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 0.1 47.8 0.3 31.4 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 51.2 0.1 28.1 0.2 55.0 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Note: This table is adapted from annual table S2201 on <www.data.census.gov>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).
14 U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix Table 9.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2012

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,969,540 150,555 15,814,499 58,089 100,155,041 149,039

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 0.1 26.7 0.2 37.0 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 0.1 54.1 0.2 28.9 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 0.1 52.0 0.2 8.8 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 0.1 43.7 0.2 21.6 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 0.1 97.2 0.1 98.4 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 0.1 61.1 0.2 80.5 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 0.1 26.1 0.2 9.9 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.6 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 0.1 2.4 0.1 4.4 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.1 6.1 0.1 2.9 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.1 2.8 0.1 1.6 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 0.1 20.8 0.1 10.7 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 0.1 47.9 0.2 73.2 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2012 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,371 53 18,681 97 58,013 95

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,509,262 122,329 11,231,002 51,168 65,278,260 121,004

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 15.1 0.1 23.3 0.2 13.6 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 0.1 48.0 0.2 31.1 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 51.4 0.1 28.7 0.2 55.3 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).
U.S. Census Bureau 15

Appendix Table 10.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2013

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,291,033 141,632 15,684,115 56,168 100,606,918 146,979

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 0.1 27.5 0.2 37.8 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 0.1 54.0 0.2 28.7 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 0.1 51.4 0.2 9.0 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 0.1 43.7 0.2 22.6 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 0.1 97.2 0.1 98.3 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 0.1 61.0 0.2 80.2 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 0.1 26.1 0.2 10.0 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.6 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 0.1 2.5 0.1 4.6 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.1 6.2 0.1 2.9 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.1 2.8 0.1 1.7 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 0.1 21.1 0.2 10.8 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 0.1 47.5 0.2 72.8 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2013 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,250 65 19,422 102 59,274 106

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,680,463 129,862 11,137,102 47,301 65,543,361 135,271

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 14.9 0.1 22.4 0.2 13.7 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 0.1 48.1 0.2 31.2 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 51.4 0.1 29.5 0.2 55.1 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).
16 U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix Table 11.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2014

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Estimate

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±) Estimate

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,259,427 146,938 15,496,341 60,208 101,763,086 152,009

 Percent with one or more people 60 years and 

 over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.3 0.1 29.0 0.2 38.5 0.1

 Percent with children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 0.1 52.9 0.2 28.5 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 0.1 51.3 0.2 8.9 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability 

(percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 0.1 44.3 0.2 22.7 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER (IN PERCENT)

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 0.1 97.2 0.1 98.3 0.1

 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 0.1 60.5 0.2 79.8 0.1

 Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 0.1 26.1 0.2 10.1 0.1

 American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.6 0.1

 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.1 2.6 0.1 4.7 0.1

 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

 Some other race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.1 6.2 0.1 3.0 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.1 2.8 0.1 1.7 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 0.1 21.2 0.1 11.2 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 0.1 47.0 0.2 72.1 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2014 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,657 93 19,620 93 60,628 72

WORK STATUS

Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,152,072 126,112 10,869,566 51,501 66,282,506 125,539

 No workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . 14.9 0.1 22.3 0.2 13.7 0.1

 1 worker in past 12 months (percent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 0.1 47.9 0.3 30.9 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months (percent) . . . 51.7 0.1 29.8 0.2 55.3 0.1

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).
U.S. Census Bureau 17

Appendix Table 12.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2015

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Percent

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X 12.8 0.1 87.2 0.1

 With one or more people in the household 60 

 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 0.1 30.5 0.2 39.2 0.1

 No people in the household 60 years and over . . . . 62.0 0.1 69.5 0.2 60.8 0.1

HOUSEHOLD TYPE

Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 0.1 25.8 0.2 51.2 0.1

Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 0.1 43.8 0.2 13.8 0.1

 Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 0.1 8.1 0.1 4.4 0.1

Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 0.1 35.7 0.2 9.4 0.1

Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 0.1 30.4 0.2 35.0 0.1

With children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 0.1 52.1 0.2 28.3 0.1

 Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.2 0.1 18.0 0.1 20.5 0.1

 Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 0.1 33.5 0.2 7.6 0.1

  Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.1 5.5 0.1 2.3 0.1

  Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . 8.2 0.1 27.9 0.2 5.2 0.1

 Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1

No children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 0.1 47.9 0.2 71.7 0.1

 Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 0.1 7.8 0.1 30.7 0.1

 Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 0.1 10.3 0.1 6.2 0.1

  Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 0.1 2.6 0.1 2.1 0.1

  Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . 4.6 0.1 7.8 0.1 4.1 0.1

Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 0.1 29.7 0.2 34.8 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 0.1 49.3 0.2 8.6 0.1

At or above poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 0.1 50.7 0.2 91.4 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 0.1 44.6 0.2 22.7 0.1

With no persons with a disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 0.1 55.4 0.2 77.3 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER

White alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 0.1 60.4 0.2 79.4 0.1

Black or African American alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 0.1 26.2 0.2 10.2 0.1

American Indian and Alaska Native alone . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.6 0.1

Asian alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.1 2.7 0.1 4.8 0.1

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander alone . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Some other race alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.1 6.3 0.1 3.0 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.1 2.9 0.1 1.8 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 0.1 21.9 0.2 11.4 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 0.1 46.3 0.2 71.6 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2015 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,775 85 20,490 101 62,093 76

WORK STATUS

Families (estimate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,530,756 136,900 10,558,861 49,258 66,971,895 143,514

 No workers in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 0.1 21.7 0.2 13.9 0.1

1 worker in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 0.1 47.9 0.2 30.7 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 0.1 30.4 0.2 55.4 0.1

X Not applicable.

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).
18 U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix Table 13.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2016

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Percent 

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X 12.4 0.1 87.6 0.1

 With one or more people in the household 60 

 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 0.1 32.2 0.2 39.8 0.1

 No people in the household 60 years and over . . . 61.1 0.1 67.8 0.2 60.2 0.1

HOUSEHOLD TYPE

Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 0.1 25.7 0.2 51.1 0.1

Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 0.1 43.1 0.2 13.9 0.1

 Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 0.1 8.0 0.1 4.4 0.1

Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 12.6 0.1 35.1 0.2 9.5 0.1

Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 0.1 31.2 0.2 35.0 0.1

With children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 0.1 50.8 0.2 28.3 0.1

 Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 0.1 17.6 0.2 20.5 0.1

 Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 0.1 32.6 0.2 7.6 0.1

  Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.1 5.4 0.1 2.3 0.1

  Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . 8.0 0.1 27.2 0.2 5.3 0.1

 Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1

No children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 0.1 49.2 0.2 71.7 0.1

 Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 0.1 8.2 0.1 30.6 0.1

 Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 0.1 10.5 0.1 6.3 0.1

  Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.1 2.7 0.1 2.1 0.1

  Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . 4.7 0.1 7.8 0.1 4.2 0.1

Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 0.1 30.6 0.2 34.8 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 0.1 47.7 0.3 8.6 0.1

At or above poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.6 0.1 52.3 0.3 91.4 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability . . . . . . . . . 25.8 0.1 45.8 0.2 22.9 0.1

With no persons with a disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.2 0.1 54.2 0.2 77.1 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER

White alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6 0.1 60.0 0.2 79.0 0.1

Black or African American alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 0.1 25.9 0.2 10.4 0.1

American Indian and Alaska Native alone . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.6 0.1

Asian alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 0.1 2.8 0.1 4.9 0.1

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander alone . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Some other race alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 0.1 6.7 0.1 3.2 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 0.1 3.0 0.1 1.9 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 0.1 22.2 0.2 11.6 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 0.1 46.0 0.2 71.1 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2016 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,617 115 21,230 116 64,130 101

WORK STATUS

Families (estimate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,785,962 125,088 10,155,743 57,586 67,630,219 137,530

 No workers in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 0.1 20.9 0.2 13.9 0.1

1 worker in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 0.1 47.9 0.2 30.4 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.5 0.1 31.1 0.3 55.8 0.1

X Not applicable.

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).
U.S. Census Bureau 19

Appendix Table 14.

SNAP Receipt for the United States: 2017

(For information on confi dentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and defi nitions, see <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs

/technical-documentation/code-lists.html>)

Characteristic

Total Households receiving 

SNAP

Households not

receiving SNAP

Percent

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X 11.7 0.1 88.3 0.1

 With one or more people in the household 60 

 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 0.1 33.8 0.2 40.3 0.1

 No people in the household 60 years and over . . . 60.5 0.1 66.2 0.2 59.7 0.1

HOUSEHOLD TYPE

Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 0.1 25.3 0.2 51.2 0.1

Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 0.1 42.7 0.2 13.9 0.1

 Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 0.1 8.0 0.1 4.5 0.1

Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 12.4 0.1 34.7 0.2 9.4 0.1

Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 0.1 32.0 0.2 34.8 0.1

With children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 0.1 50.1 0.2 28.2 0.1

 Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 0.1 17.1 0.2 20.4 0.1

 Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 0.1 32.3 0.2 7.6 0.1

  Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.1 5.3 0.1 2.3 0.1

  Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . 7.8 0.1 27.0 0.2 5.2 0.1

 Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1

No children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 0.1 49.9 0.2 71.8 0.1

 Married-couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 0.1 8.1 0.1 30.8 0.1

 Other family: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 0.1 10.4 0.1 6.4 0.1

  Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.1 2.7 0.1 2.1 0.1

  Female householder, no spouse present . . . . . . . 4.6 0.1 7.7 0.1 4.2 0.1

Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 0.1 31.4 0.2 34.6 0.1

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

Below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 0.1 47.2 0.2 8.4 0.1

At or above poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.0 0.1 52.8 0.2 91.6 0.1

DISABILITY STATUS

With one or more people with a disability . . . . . . . . . 25.6 0.1 46.1 0.2 22.8 0.1

With no persons with a disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 0.1 53.9 0.2 77.2 0.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF 

HOUSEHOLDER

White alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.3 0.1 59.7 0.2 78.5 0.1

Black or African American alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 0.1 26.4 0.2 10.5 0.1

American Indian and Alaska Native alone . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.1 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.1

Asian alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 0.1 2.9 0.1 5.0 0.1

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacifi c Islander alone . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Some other race alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 0.1 6.4 0.1 3.3 0.1

Two or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 0.1 3.0 0.1 1.9 0.1

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 0.1 22.0 0.2 12.0 0.1

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 0.1 45.7 0.2 70.4 0.1

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

(IN 2017 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)

Median income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,336 86 21,647 101 66,352 102

WORK STATUS

Families (estimate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,631,163 144,258 9,574,484 56,346 36,056,679 150,220

 No workers in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 0.1 21.2 0.2 13.9 0.1

1 worker in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 0.1 47.7 0.3 30.2 0.1

 2 or more workers in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9 0.1 31.1 0.2 55.9 0.1

X Not applicable.

1

 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the 

margin of error in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. When added to and subtracted from the estimate, the margin 

of error forms the 90 percent confi dence interval.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (Table S2201).