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NAFTA:

A State Export Perspective,

1993–2003

International Trade Administration

Trade Development

Office of Trade and Economic Analysis

July 2004
2 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 3

This report explores the impact of the North American Free Trade Introduction

Agreement (NAFTA) on the export performance of the United States.

While most discussions of NAFTA address the overall impact of NAFTA

at the national level, this report differs in that it focuses on developments

at the state level. For most Americans, the effects of NAFTA on the state

in which they reside have more immediate, practical relevance than

generalized statistics cited for the U.S. economy as a whole.

The scope of this paper is limited to an examination of export trends

from 1993 (the year prior to NAFTA’s implementation) to 2003. Although exports represent just one dimension of the complex economic

relationship between the United States and its NAFTA partners, it is

nonetheless an important dimension.

Due to limitations on U.S. export statistics, this report addresses only U.S.

exports of goods (i.e., merchandise) to Canada and Mexico. Data are

unavailable for state exports of services, as well as state imports of both

goods and services. The lack of state import data means that state-level

trade balances cannot be calculated.

In this report the terms “NAFTA,” “NAFTA region,” “NAFTA partners,”

“NAFTA markets,” “NAFTA countries,” “NAFTA nations,” and “NAFTA

destinations” are used interchangeably, and all refer exclusively to Mexico

and Canada as export destinations. The terms do not refer to the NAFTA

agreement itself.

All state export statistics cited here are from the Census Bureau’s Origin

of Movement (OM) series, which allocates exports to states based on

transportation origin (not production origin). These statistics have certain

strengths and limitations which are explained in the data notes appended

to this report. A careful reading of these notes is strongly recommended.

The Origin of Movement state export series is compiled from official

export declarations filed by businesses for goods leaving the United

States. All statistics in the OM series are on a free-alongside-ship (f.a.s.)

basis and include both domestic exports and re-exports.

State export figures in this study refer to direct exports only. Direct

exports are final goods shipped to a customer outside the United States.

So-called “indirect” exports—e.g., domestic U.S. shipments of parts that

are ultimately incorporated in final goods for export—are excluded.

Technical questions regarding the data in this report should be e-mailed

to the author, Kate McCurdy, at Kate_McCurdy@ita.doc.gov.

Questions about NAFTA issues should be directed to the Office of

NAFTA at (202) 482-0393.
4 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

NAFTA

Markets

Grow More

Important

Export shipments of U.S. goods to NAFTA partners (Canada and

Mexico) totaled $266.9 billion in 2003, up 88 percent from the 1993

total of $141.8 billion. Exports to the NAFTA countries rose faster than

total exports to the world, which grew 56 percent from $464.9 billion in

1993 to $723.7 billion in 2003.

NAFTA markets are therefore increasingly important to U.S. companies.

The NAFTA share of U.S. merchandise exports rose from 31 percent in

1993 to 37 percent in 2003—a gain of six percentage points over the

ten-year period.

Mexico and Canada have contributed nearly equally to the growing

significance of NAFTA.

• U.S. exports of goods to Mexico in 2003 were $56 billion higher

than in 1993—an increase of 134 percent, or more than double the

1993 value of $41.6 billion.

• From 1993 to 2003, Mexico was the third-fastest growing major

export market for the United States, after China and Ireland.

• During the same period, merchandise exports to Canada expanded

by $69 billion, which represents a 69 percent increase over the

1993 base value of $100.2 billion.

The increasing importance of NAFTA is reflected broadly at the state

level. From 1993 to 2003, the share of merchandise exports destined for

NAFTA markets rose in 36 of the 50 states.

• Wyoming boosted the share of its exports going to Canada and

Mexico from 12 percent to 34 percent, the biggest such share

increase among the states. Wyoming was followed by South Dakota

(up from 46 percent to 61 percent), and West Virginia (up from 20

percent to 35 percent).

• As of 2003, the number of states relying on NAFTA markets for at

least 40 percent of their merchandise exports stood at 18—up

from 12 in 1993.

Some of the large traditional manufacturing states are among those most

reliant on exports to NAFTA destinations.

• For example, 72 percent of Michigan’s total goods exports in 2003

went to Canada and Mexico, as did 64 percent of Ohio’s, 58 percent of Indiana’s, and 53 percent of Missouri’s.

• Exports from traditional industrial states to NAFTA countries are

being fueled by the completion of Mexico’s phase-down on auto

parts tariffs, and the resulting continued integration of the North

American automotive industry. For example, “motor vehicle parts”

was the largest export product category from Michigan to NAFTA

nations in 2003, accounting for 39 percent of the state’s total

exports to Canada and Mexico. Comparable shares for Indiana and

Ohio were 28 percent and 25 percent, respectively.

Other states that shipped a high percentage of their exports to Canada

and Mexico in 2003 were Montana (64 percent of exports shipped to

NAFTA markets), South Dakota (61 percent), North Dakota (59 percent), and Texas (53 percent).
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 5

Six of the

Top 10

Exporters to

NAFTA

Partners Are

Northern

Manufacturing

States

Texas was by far the top state exporter to NAFTA destinations in 2003,

posting $52.4 billion in merchandise exports to Canada and Mexico

combined. Texas alone accounted for one-fifth of total U.S. merchandise

exports to NAFTA countries.

Seventy-nine percent of Texas’ exports to NAFTA nations in 2003 went to

Mexico. This figure is likely driven, in part, by supply needs of maquiladora

manufacturing plants located across the state’s border with Mexico.

(Mexico’s maquila program facilitates foreign investment, in part by enabling

factories to import supplies that are largely free of duties.)

The second biggest state exporter to NAFTA markets in 2003 was

California, which recorded shipments to the region of $26.1 billion.

Mexico accounted for 57 percent of California’s NAFTA exports in 2003,

up from a 46 percent share in 1993.

Six of the remaining top ten state exporters to NAFTA countries in 2003

were traditional manufacturing states. These were Michigan ($23.8 billion

of exports to the NAFTA region), Ohio ($19.0 billion), New York ($10.7

billion), Illinois ($10.7 billion), Indiana ($9.6 billion), and Pennsylvania ($7.0

billion).

Rounding out the top ten were Tennessee ($5.7 billion) and North Carolina ($5.4 billion), both states with diversifying manufacturing sectors.

Together, the top ten states accounted for 64 percent—nearly twothirds—of total U.S. merchandise exports to NAFTA partners in 2003.

• This concentration notwithstanding, many other states throughout

the country are benefiting significantly from exports to NAFTA

markets.

• Thirty-four states—more than two-thirds—posted export shipments to NAFTA destinations worth more than $1 billion in 2003.

This was up from 27 states in 1993, despite general weakness in U.S.

export prices since the mid-1990s.
6 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

Most States

Are Boosting

Exports to

NAFTA

Partners

Forty-seven of the 50 states increased exports of merchandise to

NAFTA markets from 1993 to 2003.

• Twenty-five increased exports to the NAFTA region by more than

$1 billion.

• Twenty-four states more than doubled exports to NAFTA countries over the ten-year period.

In 2003, Texas’ merchandise exports to NAFTA partners were $29.3

billion above the 1993 level—an increase of roughly 127 percent and the

biggest dollar gain among the states.

California recorded the second-largest dollar increase with a $13.2

billion gain, followed by Ohio (up $10.3 billion), Michigan (up $5.8 billion), Indiana (up $5.7 billion), Illinois (up $4.4 billion), Tennessee (up $3.3

billion), Georgia (up $3.2 billion), Pennsylvania (up $2.7 billion), and New

York (up $2.7 billion).

Some of the fastest export growth to NAFTA markets from 1993 to

2003 was recorded by states that are not traditional export powerhouses or are growing exports from relatively small base values.

• For example, Wyoming posted the most rapid export growth to

NAFTA partners, boosting shipments to these markets by 400

percent over the period.

• Other states with similar export profiles included Alaska (exports

to the NAFTA region up 284 percent), Nevada (up 268 percent),

South Dakota (up 237 percent), and West Virginia (up 187 percent).

Among the larger exporting states, those with rapid increases in shipments to NAFTA nations included Louisiana (up 253 percent from 1993

to 2003), New Mexico (up 215 percent), South Carolina (up 187 percent), Nebraska (up 176 percent), and Georgia (up 169 percent).
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 7

U.S. Merchandise Expor chandise Exports to NAFTA Partners in 2003 tners in 2003

Were 88 Percent Above 1993

U.S. Merchandise Exports to Canada and Mexico Combined

Total U.S. goods exports in 2003 were

$723.7 billion, of which $266.9 billion

went to the NAFTA countries.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of

Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and

Economic Analysis, International Trade

Administration, U.S. Department of

Commerce.

Since NAFTA Was Enacted, as Enacted, as Enacted, Exports to Canada and Mexico

Have Grown Faster wn Faster Than Total Expor otal Exports

Growth in U.S. Merchandise Exports (1993=100)

Total U.S. goods exports in 2003 were

$723.7 billion, of which $266.9 billion

went to the NAFTA countries.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of

Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and

Economic Analysis, International Trade

Administration, U.S. Department of

Commerce.
8 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

Twelve States Expor e States Exported $5 Billion or Mor ted $5 Billion or More

to NAFTA Markets in 2003

Dollar Value of State Merchandise Exports to Canada and Mexico

While Texas and Calif exas and California Lead, ornia Lead, ornia Lead, Six of the Six of the Top Ten State Expor en State Exporters

to NAFTA Markets Are Northern Industrial States thern Industrial States

Total State Merchandise Exports to Canada and Mexico Combined,

Top Ten States, 2003

Total U.S. goods exports in 2003 were

$723.7 billion, of which $266.9 billion

went to the NAFTA countries. Export

values, as represented by map shadings,

are on an Origin of Movement basis,

defined as the location from which export

merchandise starts its journey to the

point of exit from the United States.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of

Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and

Economic Analysis, International Trade

Administration, U.S. Department of

Commerce.

Total U.S. goods exports in 2003 were

$723.7 billion, of which $266.9 billion

went to the NAFTA countries. Figures

reflect location from which export

merchandise starts its journey to the

point of exit from the United States.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of

Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and

Economic Analysis, International Trade

Administration, U.S. Department of

Commerce.
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 9

Half the States Incr Half the States Increased Expor eased Exports to NAFTA Markets

by More Than $1 Billion fr Than $1 Billion from 1993 to 2003 993 to 2003

Dollar Change in State Merchandise Exports to Canada and Mexico

Total U.S. goods exports in 2003 were

$723.7 billion, of which $266.9 billion

went to the NAFTA countries. Export

values, as represented by map shadings,

are on an Origin of Movement basis,

defined as the location from which export

merchandise starts its journey to the

point of exit from the United States.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of

Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and

Economic Analysis, International Trade

Administration, U.S. Department of

Commerce.

24 States Mor tates More Than Doubled Than Doubled Their Expor Their Exports to NAFTA Markets

from 1993 to 2003

Percentage Change in State Merchandise Exports to Canada and Mexico

Total U.S. goods exports in 2003 were

$723.7 billion, of which $266.9 billion

went to the NAFTA countries. Export

values, as represented by map shadings,

are on an Origin of Movement basis,

defined as the location from which export

merchandise starts its journey to the

point of exit from the United States.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of

Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and

Economic Analysis, International Trade

Administration, U.S. Department of

Commerce.
10 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

The Shar The Share of Total U.S. Merchandise Expor chandise Exports Going to

Canada and Mexico Incr Canada and Mexico Increased Significantl eased Significantl eased Significantly

from 1993 to 2003 993 to 2003

The Relativ The Relative Impor e Importance of NAFTA Markets Has Gr ets Has Grown in

Many States y States

State Merchandise Exports to Canada and Mexico as a Percentage of

Total State Merchandise Exports

Total U.S. goods exports in 2003 were

$723.7 billion, of which $266.9 billion

went to the NAFTA countries. Export

values, as represented by map shadings,

are on an Origin of Movement basis,

defined as the location from which export

merchandise starts its journey to the

point of exit from the United States.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of

Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and

Economic Analysis, International Trade

Administration, U.S. Department of

Commerce.

Total U.S. goods exports in 2003 were

$723.7 billion, of which $266.9 billion

went to the NAFTA countries.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of

Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and

Economic Analysis, International Trade

Administration, U.S. Department of

Commerce.
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 11

Major Industrial States Major Industrial States Are Among the Most Reliant on Among the Most Reliant on

NAFTA Markets

Percentage of State Merchandise Exports Shipped to Canada and Mexico,

Top 25 States, 2003

Total U.S. goods exports in 2003 were

$723.7 billion, of which $266.9 billion

went to the NAFTA countries. Figures

reflect location from which export

merchandise starts its journey to the

point of exit from the United States.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of

Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and

Economic Analysis, International Trade

Administration, U.S. Department of

Commerce.
12 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to NAFTA Markets, 1993–2003 993–2003

(Thousands of Dollars)

1993–2003

Dollar Percent

State 1993 1994 1997 2000 2001 2002 2003 Change Change

Alabama 944,738 1,138,185 2,309,986 2,335,566 2,252,795 2,349,622 2,298,789 1,354,051 143.3

Alaska 78,616 132,969 278,549 202,017 270,459 218,251 302,206 223,589 284.4

Arizona 2,411,399 2,997,447 3,274,034 6,142,438 4,917,070 4,211,522 4,360,491 1,949,092 80.8

Arkansas 554,053 718,510 1,068,356 1,049,391 1,116,148 1,060,448 1,052,317 498,263 89.9

California 12,921,908 14,810,650 21,892,326 31,591,423 28,159,057 26,151,628 26,103,403 13,181,496 102.0

Colorado 776,580 810,187 1,000,975 1,389,698 1,481,487 1,795,840 2,002,142 1,225,562 157.8

Connecticut 1,678,401 1,865,466 2,070,090 2,236,142 2,055,341 1,894,352 1,830,300 151,900 9.1

Delaware 888,070 1,028,773 1,025,307 1,186,867 959,594 914,533 787,299 -100,771 -11.3

Florida 2,202,741 2,222,683 2,688,647 4,222,606 4,282,400 3,770,980 4,182,985 1,980,244 89.9

Georgia 1,905,936 2,304,776 3,494,242 4,678,357 4,698,751 4,729,122 5,124,868 3,218,933 168.9

Hawaii 21,148 29,765 19,963 32,713 26,200 21,831 20,158 -990 -4.7

Idaho 199,899 247,784 349,446 524,801 416,175 355,459 417,505 217,605 108.9

Illinois 6,352,165 7,821,346 10,597,373 14,628,323 13,695,807 10,277,903 10,711,544 4,359,379 68.6

Indiana 3,843,948 4,547,334 6,401,576 9,137,309 7,971,122 8,761,729 9,563,691 5,719,743 148.8

Iowa 1,104,621 1,443,443 2,021,526 1,928,190 1,954,030 2,072,132 2,540,607 1,435,986 130.0

Kansas 887,752 1,123,302 1,602,892 1,926,153 1,764,384 1,935,113 1,622,888 735,136 82.8

Kentucky 1,473,178 2,280,191 3,480,944 3,954,373 3,387,452 4,120,730 3,942,487 2,469,309 167.6

Louisiana 856,344 1,263,185 1,806,895 2,736,345 2,552,433 2,668,425 3,022,986 2,166,642 253.0

Maine 384,127 447,090 625,865 875,824 880,554 820,305 845,176 461,049 120.0

Maryland 1,151,996 1,276,794 1,040,220 993,942 999,098 1,065,790 1,243,967 91,971 8.0

Massachusetts 2,860,389 3,287,163 3,941,748 4,290,118 3,415,421 3,274,284 3,353,228 492,839 17.2

Michigan 18,025,629 20,073,628 24,188,380 23,993,086 22,352,713 24,040,283 23,805,479 5,779,850 32.1

Minnesota 2,059,675 2,467,386 2,625,670 2,976,548 3,070,498 3,245,429 3,294,909 1,235,233 60.0

Mississippi 417,050 499,188 568,827 931,991 1,339,571 953,300 840,539 423,489 101.5

Missouri 1,903,251 1,916,589 3,737,805 3,389,108 3,190,516 3,809,874 3,828,852 1,925,601 101.2

Montana 172,061 173,540 267,482 352,841 336,708 250,050 232,688 60,627 35.2

Nebraska 424,274 560,967 752,460 825,220 1,020,920 1,026,082 1,172,935 748,661 176.5

Nevada 155,491 173,627 287,912 705,156 705,619 450,900 572,008 416,517 267.9

New Hampshire 408,268 421,773 582,848 825,299 675,660 578,006 590,785 182,517 44.7

New Jersey 2,929,896 3,455,996 4,497,076 5,270,667 5,020,887 4,567,000 4,587,330 1,657,433 56.6

New Mexico 114,093 139,265 137,593 260,596 208,116 214,787 359,939 245,845 215.5

New York 8,061,345 9,065,203 12,023,766 13,003,700 11,611,948 11,119,069 10,746,154 2,684,809 33.3

North Carolina 2,955,564 3,702,971 5,369,716 6,915,731 5,711,293 5,068,160 5,360,045 2,404,481 81.4

North Dakota 288,045 289,851 475,588 357,241 431,877 478,689 507,776 219,731 76.3

Ohio 8,697,068 9,495,559 13,494,158 16,050,345 15,951,465 17,529,659 18,996,283 10,299,215 118.4

Oklahoma 809,506 862,849 1,092,361 1,479,111 1,112,873 1,125,536 1,275,325 465,819 57.5

Oregon 1,007,110 1,170,206 1,524,550 2,076,588 1,548,942 1,769,549 1,960,893 953,783 94.7

Pennsylvania 4,243,608 4,858,303 6,682,349 8,502,621 7,094,661 6,793,423 6,961,473 2,717,865 64.0

Rhode Island 328,696 303,848 397,901 483,279 421,518 449,909 474,981 146,285 44.5

South Carolina 1,168,024 1,479,259 2,350,814 3,188,437 3,083,059 3,193,051 3,349,864 2,181,840 186.8

South Dakota 122,562 154,394 225,592 341,449 326,824 364,986 412,745 290,183 236.8

Tennessee 2,405,980 2,874,347 4,018,530 5,786,031 5,497,684 5,366,606 5,689,859 3,283,879 136.5

Texas 23,045,593 27,154,298 37,817,234 58,892,290 52,202,549 51,563,014 52,370,010 29,324,417 127.2

Utah 392,359 449,802 584,324 707,904 656,747 647,496 655,466 263,108 67.1

Vermont 2,104,599 2,089,015 2,327,229 2,254,907 1,408,187 1,083,987 1,113,255 -991,343 -47.1

Virginia 1,227,615 1,528,661 1,953,922 2,750,128 2,542,995 2,288,304 2,505,014 1,277,399 104.1

Washington 2,114,931 2,421,424 3,062,223 3,343,062 3,598,798 3,376,133 3,921,297 1,806,366 85.4

West Virginia 292,308 330,918 551,170 677,693 820,519 814,386 840,041 547,734 187.4

Wisconsin 2,604,112 3,182,204 3,985,304 4,810,115 4,441,453 4,640,148 5,137,359 2,533,247 97.3

Wyoming 39,923 60,086 143,779 155,737 165,413 197,930 199,766 159,843 400.4

District of Columbia 26,090 120,462 41,165 44,471 40,370 38,603 24,503 -1,586 -6.1

Puerto Rico 528,814 835,555 915,839 1,385,931 1,193,206 1,256,459 1,431,473 902,659 170.7

Virgin Islands 17,125 23,036 7,075 19,609 70,857 68,473 5,682 -11,443 -66.8

Unallocated 9,237,174 10,963,725 13,820,975 19,331,022 20,123,312 17,490,544 18,384,591 9,147,416 99.0

UNITED STATES 141,825,850 165,094,982 221,502,581 288,150,510 265,233,537 258,329,827 266,938,356 125,112,506 88.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 13

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Exports Totals to NAFTA Markets, 1993–2003 993–2003

(Ranked by 2003 Export Values; Thousands of Dollars)

1993–2003

Dollar Percent

Rank State 1993 1994 1997 2000 2001 2002 2003 Change Change

1 Texas 23,045,593 27,154,298 37,817,234 58,892,290 52,202,549 51,563,014 52,370,010 29,324,417 127.2

2 California 12,921,908 14,810,650 21,892,326 31,591,423 28,159,057 26,151,628 26,103,403 13,181,496 102.0

3 Michigan 18,025,629 20,073,628 24,188,380 23,993,086 22,352,713 24,040,283 23,805,479 5,779,850 32.1

4 Ohio 8,697,068 9,495,559 13,494,158 16,050,345 15,951,465 17,529,659 18,996,283 10,299,215 118.4

5 New York 8,061,345 9,065,203 12,023,766 13,003,700 11,611,948 11,119,069 10,746,154 2,684,809 33.3

6 Illinois 6,352,165 7,821,346 10,597,373 14,628,323 13,695,807 10,277,903 10,711,544 4,359,379 68.6

7 Indiana 3,843,948 4,547,334 6,401,576 9,137,309 7,971,122 8,761,729 9,563,691 5,719,743 148.8

8 Pennsylvania 4,243,608 4,858,303 6,682,349 8,502,621 7,094,661 6,793,423 6,961,473 2,717,865 64.0

9 Tennessee 2,405,980 2,874,347 4,018,530 5,786,031 5,497,684 5,366,606 5,689,859 3,283,879 136.5

10 North Carolina 2,955,564 3,702,971 5,369,716 6,915,731 5,711,293 5,068,160 5,360,045 2,404,481 81.4

11 Wisconsin 2,604,112 3,182,204 3,985,304 4,810,115 4,441,453 4,640,148 5,137,359 2,533,247 97.3

12 Georgia 1,905,936 2,304,776 3,494,242 4,678,357 4,698,751 4,729,122 5,124,868 3,218,933 168.9

13 New Jersey 2,929,896 3,455,996 4,497,076 5,270,667 5,020,887 4,567,000 4,587,330 1,657,433 56.6

14 Arizona 2,411,399 2,997,447 3,274,034 6,142,438 4,917,070 4,211,522 4,360,491 1,949,092 80.8

15 Florida 2,202,741 2,222,683 2,688,647 4,222,606 4,282,400 3,770,980 4,182,985 1,980,244 89.9

16 Kentucky 1,473,178 2,280,191 3,480,944 3,954,373 3,387,452 4,120,730 3,942,487 2,469,309 167.6

17 Washington 2,114,931 2,421,424 3,062,223 3,343,062 3,598,798 3,376,133 3,921,297 1,806,366 85.4

18 Missouri 1,903,251 1,916,589 3,737,805 3,389,108 3,190,516 3,809,874 3,828,852 1,925,601 101.2

19 Massachusetts 2,860,389 3,287,163 3,941,748 4,290,118 3,415,421 3,274,284 3,353,228 492,839 17.2

20 South Carolina 1,168,024 1,479,259 2,350,814 3,188,437 3,083,059 3,193,051 3,349,864 2,181,840 186.8

21 Minnesota 2,059,675 2,467,386 2,625,670 2,976,548 3,070,498 3,245,429 3,294,909 1,235,233 60.0

22 Louisiana 856,344 1,263,185 1,806,895 2,736,345 2,552,433 2,668,425 3,022,986 2,166,642 253.0

23 Iowa 1,104,621 1,443,443 2,021,526 1,928,190 1,954,030 2,072,132 2,540,607 1,435,986 130.0

24 Virginia 1,227,615 1,528,661 1,953,922 2,750,128 2,542,995 2,288,304 2,505,014 1,277,399 104.1

25 Alabama 944,738 1,138,185 2,309,986 2,335,566 2,252,795 2,349,622 2,298,789 1,354,051 143.3

26 Colorado 776,580 810,187 1,000,975 1,389,698 1,481,487 1,795,840 2,002,142 1,225,562 157.8

27 Oregon 1,007,110 1,170,206 1,524,550 2,076,588 1,548,942 1,769,549 1,960,893 953,783 94.7

28 Connecticut 1,678,401 1,865,466 2,070,090 2,236,142 2,055,341 1,894,352 1,830,300 151,900 9.1

29 Kansas 887,752 1,123,302 1,602,892 1,926,153 1,764,384 1,935,113 1,622,888 735,136 82.8

30 Oklahoma 809,506 862,849 1,092,361 1,479,111 1,112,873 1,125,536 1,275,325 465,819 57.5

31 Maryland 1,151,996 1,276,794 1,040,220 993,942 999,098 1,065,790 1,243,967 91,971 8.0

32 Nebraska 424,274 560,967 752,460 825,220 1,020,920 1,026,082 1,172,935 748,661 176.5

33 Vermont 2,104,599 2,089,015 2,327,229 2,254,907 1,408,187 1,083,987 1,113,255 -991,343 -47.1

34 Arkansas 554,053 718,510 1,068,356 1,049,391 1,116,148 1,060,448 1,052,317 498,263 89.9

35 Maine 384,127 447,090 625,865 875,824 880,554 820,305 845,176 461,049 120.0

36 Mississippi 417,050 499,188 568,827 931,991 1,339,571 953,300 840,539 423,489 101.5

37 West Virginia 292,308 330,918 551,170 677,693 820,519 814,386 840,041 547,734 187.4

38 Delaware 888,070 1,028,773 1,025,307 1,186,867 959,594 914,533 787,299 -100,771 -11.3

39 Utah 392,359 449,802 584,324 707,904 656,747 647,496 655,466 263,108 67.1

40 New Hampshire 408,268 421,773 582,848 825,299 675,660 578,006 590,785 182,517 44.7

41 Nevada 155,491 173,627 287,912 705,156 705,619 450,900 572,008 416,517 267.9

42 North Dakota 288,045 289,851 475,588 357,241 431,877 478,689 507,776 219,731 76.3

43 Rhode Island 328,696 303,848 397,901 483,279 421,518 449,909 474,981 146,285 44.5

44 Idaho 199,899 247,784 349,446 524,801 416,175 355,459 417,505 217,605 108.9

45 South Dakota 122,562 154,394 225,592 341,449 326,824 364,986 412,745 290,183 236.8

46 New Mexico 114,093 139,265 137,593 260,596 208,116 214,787 359,939 245,845 215.5

47 Alaska 78,616 132,969 278,549 202,017 270,459 218,251 302,206 223,589 284.4

48 Montana 172,061 173,540 267,482 352,841 336,708 250,050 232,688 60,627 35.2

49 Wyoming 39,923 60,086 143,779 155,737 165,413 197,930 199,766 159,843 400.4

50 Hawaii 21,148 29,765 19,963 32,713 26,200 21,831 20,158 -990 -4.7

District of Columbia 26,090 120,462 41,165 44,471 40,370 38,603 24,503 -1,586 -6.1

Puerto Rico 528,814 835,555 915,839 1,385,931 1,193,206 1,256,459 1,431,473 902,659 170.7

Virgin Islands 17,125 23,036 7,075 19,609 70,857 68,473 5,682 -11,443 -66.8

Unallocated 9,237,174 10,963,725 13,820,975 19,331,022 20,123,312 17,490,544 18,384,591 9,147,416 99.0

UNITED STATES 141,825,850 165,094,982 221,502,581 288,150,510 265,233,537 258,329,827 266,938,356 125,112,506 88.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
14 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to NAFTA Markets, 1993–2003 993–2003

(Ranked by 1993–2003 Dollar Change; Thousands of Dollars)

1993–2003

Dollar Percent

Rank State 1993 1994 1997 2000 2001 2002 2003 Change Change

1 Texas 23,045,593 27,154,298 37,817,234 58,892,290 52,202,549 51,563,014 52,370,010 29,324,417 127.2

2 California 12,921,908 14,810,650 21,892,326 31,591,423 28,159,057 26,151,628 26,103,403 13,181,496 102.0

3 Ohio 8,697,068 9,495,559 13,494,158 16,050,345 15,951,465 17,529,659 18,996,283 10,299,215 118.4

4 Michigan 18,025,629 20,073,628 24,188,380 23,993,086 22,352,713 24,040,283 23,805,479 5,779,850 32.1

5 Indiana 3,843,948 4,547,334 6,401,576 9,137,309 7,971,122 8,761,729 9,563,691 5,719,743 148.8

6 Illinois 6,352,165 7,821,346 10,597,373 14,628,323 13,695,807 10,277,903 10,711,544 4,359,379 68.6

7 Tennessee 2,405,980 2,874,347 4,018,530 5,786,031 5,497,684 5,366,606 5,689,859 3,283,879 136.5

8 Georgia 1,905,936 2,304,776 3,494,242 4,678,357 4,698,751 4,729,122 5,124,868 3,218,933 168.9

9 Pennsylvania 4,243,608 4,858,303 6,682,349 8,502,621 7,094,661 6,793,423 6,961,473 2,717,865 64.0

10 New York 8,061,345 9,065,203 12,023,766 13,003,700 11,611,948 11,119,069 10,746,154 2,684,809 33.3

11 Wisconsin 2,604,112 3,182,204 3,985,304 4,810,115 4,441,453 4,640,148 5,137,359 2,533,247 97.3

12 Kentucky 1,473,178 2,280,191 3,480,944 3,954,373 3,387,452 4,120,730 3,942,487 2,469,309 167.6

13 North Carolina 2,955,564 3,702,971 5,369,716 6,915,731 5,711,293 5,068,160 5,360,045 2,404,481 81.4

14 South Carolina 1,168,024 1,479,259 2,350,814 3,188,437 3,083,059 3,193,051 3,349,864 2,181,840 186.8

15 Louisiana 856,344 1,263,185 1,806,895 2,736,345 2,552,433 2,668,425 3,022,986 2,166,642 253.0

16 Florida 2,202,741 2,222,683 2,688,647 4,222,606 4,282,400 3,770,980 4,182,985 1,980,244 89.9

17 Arizona 2,411,399 2,997,447 3,274,034 6,142,438 4,917,070 4,211,522 4,360,491 1,949,092 80.8

18 Missouri 1,903,251 1,916,589 3,737,805 3,389,108 3,190,516 3,809,874 3,828,852 1,925,601 101.2

19 Washington 2,114,931 2,421,424 3,062,223 3,343,062 3,598,798 3,376,133 3,921,297 1,806,366 85.4

20 New Jersey 2,929,896 3,455,996 4,497,076 5,270,667 5,020,887 4,567,000 4,587,330 1,657,433 56.6

21 Iowa 1,104,621 1,443,443 2,021,526 1,928,190 1,954,030 2,072,132 2,540,607 1,435,986 130.0

22 Alabama 944,738 1,138,185 2,309,986 2,335,566 2,252,795 2,349,622 2,298,789 1,354,051 143.3

23 Virginia 1,227,615 1,528,661 1,953,922 2,750,128 2,542,995 2,288,304 2,505,014 1,277,399 104.1

24 Minnesota 2,059,675 2,467,386 2,625,670 2,976,548 3,070,498 3,245,429 3,294,909 1,235,233 60.0

25 Colorado 776,580 810,187 1,000,975 1,389,698 1,481,487 1,795,840 2,002,142 1,225,562 157.8

26 Oregon 1,007,110 1,170,206 1,524,550 2,076,588 1,548,942 1,769,549 1,960,893 953,783 94.7

27 Nebraska 424,274 560,967 752,460 825,220 1,020,920 1,026,082 1,172,935 748,661 176.5

28 Kansas 887,752 1,123,302 1,602,892 1,926,153 1,764,384 1,935,113 1,622,888 735,136 82.8

29 West Virginia 292,308 330,918 551,170 677,693 820,519 814,386 840,041 547,734 187.4

30 Arkansas 554,053 718,510 1,068,356 1,049,391 1,116,148 1,060,448 1,052,317 498,263 89.9

31 Massachusetts 2,860,389 3,287,163 3,941,748 4,290,118 3,415,421 3,274,284 3,353,228 492,839 17.2

32 Oklahoma 809,506 862,849 1,092,361 1,479,111 1,112,873 1,125,536 1,275,325 465,819 57.5

33 Maine 384,127 447,090 625,865 875,824 880,554 820,305 845,176 461,049 120.0

34 Mississippi 417,050 499,188 568,827 931,991 1,339,571 953,300 840,539 423,489 101.5

35 Nevada 155,491 173,627 287,912 705,156 705,619 450,900 572,008 416,517 267.9

36 South Dakota 122,562 154,394 225,592 341,449 326,824 364,986 412,745 290,183 236.8

37 Utah 392,359 449,802 584,324 707,904 656,747 647,496 655,466 263,108 67.1

38 New Mexico 114,093 139,265 137,593 260,596 208,116 214,787 359,939 245,845 215.5

39 Alaska 78,616 132,969 278,549 202,017 270,459 218,251 302,206 223,589 284.4

40 North Dakota 288,045 289,851 475,588 357,241 431,877 478,689 507,776 219,731 76.3

41 Idaho 199,899 247,784 349,446 524,801 416,175 355,459 417,505 217,605 108.9

42 New Hampshire 408,268 421,773 582,848 825,299 675,660 578,006 590,785 182,517 44.7

43 Wyoming 39,923 60,086 143,779 155,737 165,413 197,930 199,766 159,843 400.4

44 Connecticut 1,678,401 1,865,466 2,070,090 2,236,142 2,055,341 1,894,352 1,830,300 151,900 9.1

45 Rhode Island 328,696 303,848 397,901 483,279 421,518 449,909 474,981 146,285 44.5

46 Maryland 1,151,996 1,276,794 1,040,220 993,942 999,098 1,065,790 1,243,967 91,971 8.0

47 Montana 172,061 173,540 267,482 352,841 336,708 250,050 232,688 60,627 35.2

48 Hawaii 21,148 29,765 19,963 32,713 26,200 21,831 20,158 -990 -4.7

49 Delaware 888,070 1,028,773 1,025,307 1,186,867 959,594 914,533 787,299 -100,771 -11.3

50 Vermont 2,104,599 2,089,015 2,327,229 2,254,907 1,408,187 1,083,987 1,113,255 -991,343 -47.1

District of Columbia 26,090 120,462 41,165 44,471 40,370 38,603 24,503 -1,586 -6.1

Puerto Rico 528,814 835,555 915,839 1,385,931 1,193,206 1,256,459 1,431,473 902,659 170.7

Virgin Islands 17,125 23,036 7,075 19,609 70,857 68,473 5,682 -11,443 -66.8

Unallocated 9,237,174 10,963,725 13,820,975 19,331,022 20,123,312 17,490,544 18,384,591 9,147,416 99.0

UNITED STATES 141,825,850 165,094,982 221,502,581 288,150,510 265,233,537 258,329,827 266,938,356 125,112,506 88.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 15

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to NAFTA Markets, 1993–2003 993–2003

(Ranked by 1993–2003 Percentage Change; Thousands of Dollars)

1993–2003

Dollar Percent

Rank State 1993 1994 1997 2000 2001 2002 2003 Change Change

1 Wyoming 39,923 60,086 143,779 155,737 165,413 197,930 199,766 159,843 400.4

2 Alaska 78,616 132,969 278,549 202,017 270,459 218,251 302,206 223,589 284.4

3 Nevada 155,491 173,627 287,912 705,156 705,619 450,900 572,008 416,517 267.9

4 Louisiana 856,344 1,263,185 1,806,895 2,736,345 2,552,433 2,668,425 3,022,986 2,166,642 253.0

5 South Dakota 122,562 154,394 225,592 341,449 326,824 364,986 412,745 290,183 236.8

6 New Mexico 114,093 139,265 137,593 260,596 208,116 214,787 359,939 245,845 215.5

7 West Virginia 292,308 330,918 551,170 677,693 820,519 814,386 840,041 547,734 187.4

8 South Carolina 1,168,024 1,479,259 2,350,814 3,188,437 3,083,059 3,193,051 3,349,864 2,181,840 186.8

9 Nebraska 424,274 560,967 752,460 825,220 1,020,920 1,026,082 1,172,935 748,661 176.5

10 Georgia 1,905,936 2,304,776 3,494,242 4,678,357 4,698,751 4,729,122 5,124,868 3,218,933 168.9

11 Kentucky 1,473,178 2,280,191 3,480,944 3,954,373 3,387,452 4,120,730 3,942,487 2,469,309 167.6

12 Colorado 776,580 810,187 1,000,975 1,389,698 1,481,487 1,795,840 2,002,142 1,225,562 157.8

13 Indiana 3,843,948 4,547,334 6,401,576 9,137,309 7,971,122 8,761,729 9,563,691 5,719,743 148.8

14 Alabama 944,738 1,138,185 2,309,986 2,335,566 2,252,795 2,349,622 2,298,789 1,354,051 143.3

15 Tennessee 2,405,980 2,874,347 4,018,530 5,786,031 5,497,684 5,366,606 5,689,859 3,283,879 136.5

16 Iowa 1,104,621 1,443,443 2,021,526 1,928,190 1,954,030 2,072,132 2,540,607 1,435,986 130.0

17 Texas 23,045,593 27,154,298 37,817,234 58,892,290 52,202,549 51,563,014 52,370,010 29,324,417 127.2

18 Maine 384,127 447,090 625,865 875,824 880,554 820,305 845,176 461,049 120.0

19 Ohio 8,697,068 9,495,559 13,494,158 16,050,345 15,951,465 17,529,659 18,996,283 10,299,215 118.4

20 Idaho 199,899 247,784 349,446 524,801 416,175 355,459 417,505 217,605 108.9

21 Virginia 1,227,615 1,528,661 1,953,922 2,750,128 2,542,995 2,288,304 2,505,014 1,277,399 104.1

22 California 12,921,908 14,810,650 21,892,326 31,591,423 28,159,057 26,151,628 26,103,403 13,181,496 102.0

23 Mississippi 417,050 499,188 568,827 931,991 1,339,571 953,300 840,539 423,489 101.5

24 Missouri 1,903,251 1,916,589 3,737,805 3,389,108 3,190,516 3,809,874 3,828,852 1,925,601 101.2

25 Wisconsin 2,604,112 3,182,204 3,985,304 4,810,115 4,441,453 4,640,148 5,137,359 2,533,247 97.3

26 Oregon 1,007,110 1,170,206 1,524,550 2,076,588 1,548,942 1,769,549 1,960,893 953,783 94.7

27 Arkansas 554,053 718,510 1,068,356 1,049,391 1,116,148 1,060,448 1,052,317 498,263 89.9

28 Florida 2,202,741 2,222,683 2,688,647 4,222,606 4,282,400 3,770,980 4,182,985 1,980,244 89.9

29 Washington 2,114,931 2,421,424 3,062,223 3,343,062 3,598,798 3,376,133 3,921,297 1,806,366 85.4

30 Kansas 887,752 1,123,302 1,602,892 1,926,153 1,764,384 1,935,113 1,622,888 735,136 82.8

31 North Carolina 2,955,564 3,702,971 5,369,716 6,915,731 5,711,293 5,068,160 5,360,045 2,404,481 81.4

32 Arizona 2,411,399 2,997,447 3,274,034 6,142,438 4,917,070 4,211,522 4,360,491 1,949,092 80.8

33 North Dakota 288,045 289,851 475,588 357,241 431,877 478,689 507,776 219,731 76.3

34 Illinois 6,352,165 7,821,346 10,597,373 14,628,323 13,695,807 10,277,903 10,711,544 4,359,379 68.6

35 Utah 392,359 449,802 584,324 707,904 656,747 647,496 655,466 263,108 67.1

36 Pennsylvania 4,243,608 4,858,303 6,682,349 8,502,621 7,094,661 6,793,423 6,961,473 2,717,865 64.0

37 Minnesota 2,059,675 2,467,386 2,625,670 2,976,548 3,070,498 3,245,429 3,294,909 1,235,233 60.0

38 Oklahoma 809,506 862,849 1,092,361 1,479,111 1,112,873 1,125,536 1,275,325 465,819 57.5

39 New Jersey 2,929,896 3,455,996 4,497,076 5,270,667 5,020,887 4,567,000 4,587,330 1,657,433 56.6

40 New Hampshire 408,268 421,773 582,848 825,299 675,660 578,006 590,785 182,517 44.7

41 Rhode Island 328,696 303,848 397,901 483,279 421,518 449,909 474,981 146,285 44.5

42 Montana 172,061 173,540 267,482 352,841 336,708 250,050 232,688 60,627 35.2

43 New York 8,061,345 9,065,203 12,023,766 13,003,700 11,611,948 11,119,069 10,746,154 2,684,809 33.3

44 Michigan 18,025,629 20,073,628 24,188,380 23,993,086 22,352,713 24,040,283 23,805,479 5,779,850 32.1

45 Massachusetts 2,860,389 3,287,163 3,941,748 4,290,118 3,415,421 3,274,284 3,353,228 492,839 17.2

46 Connecticut 1,678,401 1,865,466 2,070,090 2,236,142 2,055,341 1,894,352 1,830,300 151,900 9.1

47 Maryland 1,151,996 1,276,794 1,040,220 993,942 999,098 1,065,790 1,243,967 91,971 8.0

48 Hawaii 21,148 29,765 19,963 32,713 26,200 21,831 20,158 -990 -4.7

49 Delaware 888,070 1,028,773 1,025,307 1,186,867 959,594 914,533 787,299 -100,771 -11.3

50 Vermont 2,104,599 2,089,015 2,327,229 2,254,907 1,408,187 1,083,987 1,113,255 -991,343 -47.1

District of Columbia 26,090 120,462 41,165 44,471 40,370 38,603 24,503 -1,586 -6.1

Puerto Rico 528,814 835,555 915,839 1,385,931 1,193,206 1,256,459 1,431,473 902,659 170.7

Virgin Islands 17,125 23,036 7,075 19,609 70,857 68,473 5,682 -11,443 -66.8

Unallocated 9,237,174 10,963,725 13,820,975 19,331,022 20,123,312 17,490,544 18,384,591 9,147,416 99.0

UNITED STATES 141,825,850 165,094,982 221,502,581 288,150,510 265,233,537 258,329,827 266,938,356 125,112,506 88.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
16 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to NAFTA Markets

and the and the World, 1993–2003

(Thousands of Dollars)

NAFTA Share, NAFTA Share,

State NAFTA 1993 World 1993 Percent NAFTA 2003 World 2003 Percent

Alabama 944,738 3,599,371 26.2 2,298,789 8,340,387 27.6

Alaska 78,616 2,580,888 3.0 302,206 2,738,558 11.0

Arizona 2,411,399 7,079,029 34.1 4,360,491 13,323,392 32.7

Arkansas 554,053 1,420,754 39.0 1,052,317 2,962,153 35.5

California 12,921,908 62,803,817 20.6 26,103,403 93,994,882 27.8

Colorado 776,580 3,253,284 23.9 2,002,142 6,109,121 32.8

Connecticut 1,678,401 5,755,346 29.2 1,830,300 8,136,443 22.5

Delaware 888,070 1,515,116 58.6 787,299 1,886,118 41.7

Florida 2,202,741 15,302,863 14.4 4,182,985 24,953,414 16.8

Georgia 1,905,936 7,167,606 26.6 5,124,868 16,286,235 31.5

Hawaii 21,148 289,099 7.3 20,158 368,227 5.5

Idaho 199,899 1,168,514 17.1 417,505 2,095,799 19.9

Illinois 6,352,165 17,041,210 37.3 10,711,544 26,472,902 40.5

Indiana 3,843,948 7,331,010 52.4 9,563,691 16,402,279 58.3

Iowa 1,104,621 2,796,413 39.5 2,540,607 5,236,296 48.5

Kansas 887,752 2,739,576 32.4 1,622,888 4,553,334 35.6

Kentucky 1,473,178 4,318,212 34.1 3,942,487 10,733,781 36.7

Louisiana 856,344 14,443,285 5.9 3,022,986 18,390,130 16.4

Maine 384,127 1,047,043 36.7 845,176 2,188,413 38.6

Maryland 1,151,996 4,697,254 24.5 1,243,967 4,940,631 25.2

Massachusetts 2,860,389 10,978,380 26.1 3,353,228 18,662,575 18.0

Michigan 18,025,629 23,811,558 75.7 23,805,479 32,941,109 72.3

Minnesota 2,059,675 6,752,998 30.5 3,294,909 11,265,660 29.2

Mississippi 417,050 1,694,992 24.6 840,539 2,558,259 32.9

Missouri 1,903,251 3,620,852 52.6 3,828,852 7,233,937 52.9

Montana 172,061 275,890 62.4 232,688 361,416 64.4

Nebraska 424,274 1,370,208 31.0 1,172,935 2,723,670 43.1

Nevada 155,491 561,969 27.7 572,008 2,032,599 28.1

New Hampshire 408,268 999,063 40.9 590,785 1,931,412 30.6

New Jersey 2,929,896 10,063,411 29.1 4,587,330 16,817,673 27.3

New Mexico 114,093 443,003 25.8 359,939 2,325,609 15.5

New York 8,061,345 32,548,394 24.8 10,746,154 39,180,708 27.4

North Carolina 2,955,564 10,244,540 28.9 5,360,045 16,198,733 33.1

North Dakota 288,045 427,637 67.4 507,776 854,072 59.5

Ohio 8,697,068 17,803,583 48.9 18,996,283 29,764,418 63.8

Oklahoma 809,506 2,173,466 37.2 1,275,325 2,659,603 48.0

Oregon 1,007,110 5,511,446 18.3 1,960,893 10,357,199 18.9

Pennsylvania 4,243,608 10,903,985 38.9 6,961,473 16,299,212 42.7

Rhode Island 328,696 934,567 35.2 474,981 1,177,475 40.3

South Carolina 1,168,024 4,614,242 25.3 3,349,864 11,772,894 28.5

South Dakota 122,562 265,476 46.2 412,745 672,268 61.4

Tennessee 2,405,980 5,800,043 41.5 5,689,859 12,611,793 45.1

Texas 23,045,593 47,220,215 48.8 52,370,010 98,846,083 53.0

Utah 392,359 2,382,054 16.5 655,466 4,114,540 15.9

Vermont 2,104,599 2,551,513 82.5 1,113,255 2,626,922 42.4

Virginia 1,227,615 9,307,109 13.2 2,505,014 10,852,981 23.1

Washington 2,114,931 27,004,713 7.8 3,921,297 34,172,826 11.5

West Virginia 292,308 1,440,399 20.3 840,041 2,379,808 35.3

Wisconsin 2,604,112 6,931,352 37.6 5,137,359 11,509,835 44.6

Wyoming 39,923 339,456 11.8 199,766 581,636 34.3

District of Columbia 26,090 565,990 4.6 24,503 809,220 3.0

Puerto Rico 528,814 4,242,878 12.5 1,431,473 11,913,947 12.0

Virgin Islands 17,125 152,022 11.3 5,682 252,719 2.2

Unallocated 9,237,174 44,571,234 20.7 18,384,591 35,167,868 52.3

UNITED STATES 141,825,850 464,858,327 30.5 266,938,356 723,743,177 36.9

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 17

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to NAFTA Markets

and the and the World, 1993–2003

(Ranked by 2003 Exports to NAFTA Region; Thousands of Dollars)

NAFTA Share, NAFTA Share,

Rank State NAFTA 1993 World 1993 Percent NAFTA 2003 World 2003 Percent

1 Texas 23,045,593 47,220,215 48.8 52,370,010 98,846,083 53.0

2 California 12,921,908 62,803,817 20.6 26,103,403 93,994,882 27.8

3 Michigan 18,025,629 23,811,558 75.7 23,805,479 32,941,109 72.3

4 Ohio 8,697,068 17,803,583 48.9 18,996,283 29,764,418 63.8

5 New York 8,061,345 32,548,394 24.8 10,746,154 39,180,708 27.4

6 Illinois 6,352,165 17,041,210 37.3 10,711,544 26,472,902 40.5

7 Indiana 3,843,948 7,331,010 52.4 9,563,691 16,402,279 58.3

8 Pennsylvania 4,243,608 10,903,985 38.9 6,961,473 16,299,212 42.7

9 Tennessee 2,405,980 5,800,043 41.5 5,689,859 12,611,793 45.1

10 North Carolina 2,955,564 10,244,540 28.9 5,360,045 16,198,733 33.1

11 Wisconsin 2,604,112 6,931,352 37.6 5,137,359 11,509,835 44.6

12 Georgia 1,905,936 7,167,606 26.6 5,124,868 16,286,235 31.5

13 New Jersey 2,929,896 10,063,411 29.1 4,587,330 16,817,673 27.3

14 Arizona 2,411,399 7,079,029 34.1 4,360,491 13,323,392 32.7

15 Florida 2,202,741 15,302,863 14.4 4,182,985 24,953,414 16.8

16 Kentucky 1,473,178 4,318,212 34.1 3,942,487 10,733,781 36.7

17 Washington 2,114,931 27,004,713 7.8 3,921,297 34,172,826 11.5

18 Missouri 1,903,251 3,620,852 52.6 3,828,852 7,233,937 52.9

19 Massachusetts 2,860,389 10,978,380 26.1 3,353,228 18,662,575 18.0

20 South Carolina 1,168,024 4,614,242 25.3 3,349,864 11,772,894 28.5

21 Minnesota 2,059,675 6,752,998 30.5 3,294,909 11,265,660 29.2

22 Louisiana 856,344 14,443,285 5.9 3,022,986 18,390,130 16.4

23 Iowa 1,104,621 2,796,413 39.5 2,540,607 5,236,296 48.5

24 Virginia 1,227,615 9,307,109 13.2 2,505,014 10,852,981 23.1

25 Alabama 944,738 3,599,371 26.2 2,298,789 8,340,387 27.6

26 Colorado 776,580 3,253,284 23.9 2,002,142 6,109,121 32.8

27 Oregon 1,007,110 5,511,446 18.3 1,960,893 10,357,199 18.9

28 Connecticut 1,678,401 5,755,346 29.2 1,830,300 8,136,443 22.5

29 Kansas 887,752 2,739,576 32.4 1,622,888 4,553,334 35.6

30 Oklahoma 809,506 2,173,466 37.2 1,275,325 2,659,603 48.0

31 Maryland 1,151,996 4,697,254 24.5 1,243,967 4,940,631 25.2

32 Nebraska 424,274 1,370,208 31.0 1,172,935 2,723,670 43.1

33 Vermont 2,104,599 2,551,513 82.5 1,113,255 2,626,922 42.4

34 Arkansas 554,053 1,420,754 39.0 1,052,317 2,962,153 35.5

35 Maine 384,127 1,047,043 36.7 845,176 2,188,413 38.6

36 Mississippi 417,050 1,694,992 24.6 840,539 2,558,259 32.9

37 West Virginia 292,308 1,440,399 20.3 840,041 2,379,808 35.3

38 Delaware 888,070 1,515,116 58.6 787,299 1,886,118 41.7

39 Utah 392,359 2,382,054 16.5 655,466 4,114,540 15.9

40 New Hampshire 408,268 999,063 40.9 590,785 1,931,412 30.6

41 Nevada 155,491 561,969 27.7 572,008 2,032,599 28.1

42 North Dakota 288,045 427,637 67.4 507,776 854,072 59.5

43 Rhode Island 328,696 934,567 35.2 474,981 1,177,475 40.3

44 Idaho 199,899 1,168,514 17.1 417,505 2,095,799 19.9

45 South Dakota 122,562 265,476 46.2 412,745 672,268 61.4

46 New Mexico 114,093 443,003 25.8 359,939 2,325,609 15.5

47 Alaska 78,616 2,580,888 3.0 302,206 2,738,558 11.0

48 Montana 172,061 275,890 62.4 232,688 361,416 64.4

49 Wyoming 39,923 339,456 11.8 199,766 581,636 34.3

50 Hawaii 21,148 289,099 7.3 20,158 368,227 5.5

District of Columbia 26,090 565,990 4.6 24,503 809,220 3.0

Puerto Rico 528,814 4,242,878 12.5 1,431,473 11,913,947 12.0

Virgin Islands 17,125 152,022 11.3 5,682 252,719 2.2

Unallocated 9,237,174 44,571,234 20.7 18,384,591 35,167,868 52.3

UNITED STATES 141,825,850 464,858,327 30.5 266,938,356 723,743,177 36.9

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
18 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to NAFTA Markets and the ets and the World, 1993–2003 993–2003

(Ranked by NAFTA Region’s Share of Total Exports, 2003; Thousands of Dollars)

NAFTA Share, NAFTA Share,

Rank State NAFTA 1993 World 1993 Percent NAFTA 2003 World 2003 Percent

1 Michigan 18,025,629 23,811,558 75.7 23,805,479 32,941,109 72.3

2 Montana 172,061 275,890 62.4 232,688 361,416 64.4

3 Ohio 8,697,068 17,803,583 48.9 18,996,283 29,764,418 63.8

4 South Dakota 122,562 265,476 46.2 412,745 672,268 61.4

5 North Dakota 288,045 427,637 67.4 507,776 854,072 59.5

6 Indiana 3,843,948 7,331,010 52.4 9,563,691 16,402,279 58.3

7 Texas 23,045,593 47,220,215 48.8 52,370,010 98,846,083 53.0

8 Missouri 1,903,251 3,620,852 52.6 3,828,852 7,233,937 52.9

9 Iowa 1,104,621 2,796,413 39.5 2,540,607 5,236,296 48.5

10 Oklahoma 809,506 2,173,466 37.2 1,275,325 2,659,603 48.0

11 Tennessee 2,405,980 5,800,043 41.5 5,689,859 12,611,793 45.1

12 Wisconsin 2,604,112 6,931,352 37.6 5,137,359 11,509,835 44.6

13 Nebraska 424,274 1,370,208 31.0 1,172,935 2,723,670 43.1

14 Pennsylvania 4,243,608 10,903,985 38.9 6,961,473 16,299,212 42.7

15 Vermont 2,104,599 2,551,513 82.5 1,113,255 2,626,922 42.4

16 Delaware 888,070 1,515,116 58.6 787,299 1,886,118 41.7

17 Illinois 6,352,165 17,041,210 37.3 10,711,544 26,472,902 40.5

18 Rhode Island 328,696 934,567 35.2 474,981 1,177,475 40.3

19 Maine 384,127 1,047,043 36.7 845,176 2,188,413 38.6

20 Kentucky 1,473,178 4,318,212 34.1 3,942,487 10,733,781 36.7

21 Kansas 887,752 2,739,576 32.4 1,622,888 4,553,334 35.6

22 Arkansas 554,053 1,420,754 39.0 1,052,317 2,962,153 35.5

23 West Virginia 292,308 1,440,399 20.3 840,041 2,379,808 35.3

24 Wyoming 39,923 339,456 11.8 199,766 581,636 34.3

25 North Carolina 2,955,564 10,244,540 28.9 5,360,045 16,198,733 33.1

26 Mississippi 417,050 1,694,992 24.6 840,539 2,558,259 32.9

27 Colorado 776,580 3,253,284 23.9 2,002,142 6,109,121 32.8

28 Arizona 2,411,399 7,079,029 34.1 4,360,491 13,323,392 32.7

29 Georgia 1,905,936 7,167,606 26.6 5,124,868 16,286,235 31.5

30 New Hampshire 408,268 999,063 40.9 590,785 1,931,412 30.6

31 Minnesota 2,059,675 6,752,998 30.5 3,294,909 11,265,660 29.2

32 South Carolina 1,168,024 4,614,242 25.3 3,349,864 11,772,894 28.5

33 Nevada 155,491 561,969 27.7 572,008 2,032,599 28.1

34 California 12,921,908 62,803,817 20.6 26,103,403 93,994,882 27.8

35 Alabama 944,738 3,599,371 26.2 2,298,789 8,340,387 27.6

36 New York 8,061,345 32,548,394 24.8 10,746,154 39,180,708 27.4

37 New Jersey 2,929,896 10,063,411 29.1 4,587,330 16,817,673 27.3

38 Maryland 1,151,996 4,697,254 24.5 1,243,967 4,940,631 25.2

39 Virginia 1,227,615 9,307,109 13.2 2,505,014 10,852,981 23.1

40 Connecticut 1,678,401 5,755,346 29.2 1,830,300 8,136,443 22.5

41 Idaho 199,899 1,168,514 17.1 417,505 2,095,799 19.9

42 Oregon 1,007,110 5,511,446 18.3 1,960,893 10,357,199 18.9

43 Massachusetts 2,860,389 10,978,380 26.1 3,353,228 18,662,575 18.0

44 Florida 2,202,741 15,302,863 14.4 4,182,985 24,953,414 16.8

45 Louisiana 856,344 14,443,285 5.9 3,022,986 18,390,130 16.4

46 Utah 392,359 2,382,054 16.5 655,466 4,114,540 15.9

47 New Mexico 114,093 443,003 25.8 359,939 2,325,609 15.5

48 Washington 2,114,931 27,004,713 7.8 3,921,297 34,172,826 11.5

49 Alaska 78,616 2,580,888 3.0 302,206 2,738,558 11.0

50 Hawaii 21,148 289,099 7.3 20,158 368,227 5.5

District of Columbia 26,090 565,990 4.6 24,503 809,220 3.0

Puerto Rico 528,814 4,242,878 12.5 1,431,473 11,913,947 12.0

Virgin Islands 17,125 152,022 11.3 5,682 252,719 2.2

Unallocated 9,237,174 44,571,234 20.7 18,384,591 35,167,868 52.3

UNITED STATES 141,825,850 464,858,327 30.5 266,938,356 723,743,177 36.9

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 19

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to Mexico and

 the NAFTA Region as a A Region as a Whole, 1993–2003 993–2003

(Thousands of Dollars)

State Mexico 1993 NAFTA 1993 Mexico Share Mexico 2003 NAFTA 2003 Mexico Share

Alabama 187,637 944,738 19.9 751,402 2,298,789 32.7

Alaska 4,775 78,616 6.1 71,682 302,206 23.7

Arizona 1,898,896 2,411,399 78.7 3,229,462 4,360,491 74.1

Arkansas 99,699 554,053 18.0 244,903 1,052,317 23.3

California 5,943,980 12,921,908 46.0 14,871,836 26,103,403 57.0

Colorado 147,188 776,580 19.0 570,428 2,002,142 28.5

Connecticut 304,052 1,678,401 18.1 478,003 1,830,300 26.1

Delaware 131,861 888,070 14.8 254,317 787,299 32.3

Florida 646,817 2,202,741 29.4 1,814,458 4,182,985 43.4

Georgia 376,425 1,905,936 19.8 1,163,241 5,124,868 22.7

Hawaii 1,384 21,148 6.5 515 20,158 2.6

Idaho 36,500 199,899 18.3 55,649 417,505 13.3

Illinois 1,090,603 6,352,165 17.2 2,152,722 10,711,544 20.1

Indiana 349,802 3,843,948 9.1 2,105,233 9,563,691 22.0

Iowa 144,414 1,104,621 13.1 669,932 2,540,607 26.4

Kansas 268,274 887,752 30.2 602,032 1,622,888 37.1

Kentucky 184,737 1,473,178 12.5 518,087 3,942,487 13.1

Louisiana 446,119 856,344 52.1 1,776,102 3,022,986 58.8

Maine 17,862 384,127 4.7 24,135 845,176 2.9

Maryland 67,572 1,151,996 5.9 300,782 1,243,967 24.2

Massachusetts 288,322 2,860,389 10.1 711,767 3,353,228 21.2

Michigan 1,254,781 18,025,629 7.0 4,006,426 23,805,479 16.8

Minnesota 223,330 2,059,675 10.8 393,394 3,294,909 11.9

Mississippi 84,434 417,050 20.2 256,252 840,539 30.5

Missouri 367,323 1,903,251 19.3 748,317 3,828,852 19.5

Montana 12,412 172,061 7.2 11,205 232,688 4.8

Nebraska 103,571 424,274 24.4 472,448 1,172,935 40.3

Nevada 24,670 155,491 15.9 104,465 572,008 18.3

New Hampshire 37,344 408,268 9.1 84,803 590,785 14.4

New Jersey 460,441 2,929,896 15.7 830,801 4,587,330 18.1

New Mexico 74,349 114,093 65.2 242,018 359,939 67.2

New York 816,052 8,061,345 10.1 1,704,740 10,746,154 15.9

North Carolina 470,682 2,955,564 15.9 1,463,759 5,360,045 27.3

North Dakota 15,308 288,045 5.3 32,216 507,776 6.3

Ohio 695,738 8,697,068 8.0 2,101,867 18,996,283 11.1

Oklahoma 164,751 809,506 20.4 221,105 1,275,325 17.3

Oregon 121,034 1,007,110 12.0 393,618 1,960,893 20.1

Pennsylvania 614,535 4,243,608 14.5 1,112,059 6,961,473 16.0

Rhode Island 31,128 328,696 9.5 66,879 474,981 14.1

South Carolina 138,206 1,168,024 11.8 751,857 3,349,864 22.4

South Dakota 4,610 122,562 3.8 123,932 412,745 30.0

Tennessee 439,734 2,405,980 18.3 1,475,631 5,689,859 25.9

Texas 18,973,381 23,045,593 82.3 41,561,359 52,370,010 79.4

Utah 50,393 392,359 12.8 111,216 655,466 17.0

Vermont 21,561 2,104,599 1.0 34,180 1,113,255 3.1

Virginia 176,229 1,227,615 14.4 398,995 2,505,014 15.9

Washington 298,768 2,114,931 14.1 607,417 3,921,297 15.5

West Virginia 34,155 292,308 11.7 80,579 840,041 9.6

Wisconsin 274,035 2,604,112 10.5 788,033 5,137,359 15.3

Wyoming 6,912 39,923 17.3 62,644 199,766 31.4

District of Columbia 5,730 26,090 22.0 7,983 24,503 32.6

Puerto Rico 122,155 528,814 23.1 218,744 1,431,473 15.3

Virgin Islands 2,694 17,125 15.7 5,392 5,682 94.9

Unallocated 2,878,131 9,237,174 31.2 4,616,396 18,384,591 25.1

UNITED STATES 41,635,494 141,825,850 29.4 97,457,420 266,938,356 36.5

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
20 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to Mexico and

the NAFTA Region as a A Region as a Whole, 1993–2003

(Ranked by 2003 Mexico Share of Total Exports to NAFTA; Thousands of Dollars)

Mexico Share, Mexico Share,

Rank State Mexico 1993 NAFTA 1993 Percent Mexico 2003 NAFTA 2003 Percent

1 Texas 18,973,381 23,045,593 82.3 41,561,359 52,370,010 79.4

2 Arizona 1,898,896 2,411,399 78.7 3,229,462 4,360,491 74.1

3 New Mexico 74,349 114,093 65.2 242,018 359,939 67.2

4 Louisiana 446,119 856,344 52.1 1,776,102 3,022,986 58.8

5 California 5,943,980 12,921,908 46.0 14,871,836 26,103,403 57.0

6 Florida 646,817 2,202,741 29.4 1,814,458 4,182,985 43.4

7 Nebraska 103,571 424,274 24.4 472,448 1,172,935 40.3

8 Kansas 268,274 887,752 30.2 602,032 1,622,888 37.1

9 Alabama 187,637 944,738 19.9 751,402 2,298,789 32.7

10 Delaware 131,861 888,070 14.8 254,317 787,299 32.3

11 Wyoming 6,912 39,923 17.3 62,644 199,766 31.4

12 Mississippi 84,434 417,050 20.2 256,252 840,539 30.5

13 South Dakota 4,610 122,562 3.8 123,932 412,745 30.0

14 Colorado 147,188 776,580 19.0 570,428 2,002,142 28.5

15 North Carolina 470,682 2,955,564 15.9 1,463,759 5,360,045 27.3

16 Iowa 144,414 1,104,621 13.1 669,932 2,540,607 26.4

17 Connecticut 304,052 1,678,401 18.1 478,003 1,830,300 26.1

18 Tennessee 439,734 2,405,980 18.3 1,475,631 5,689,859 25.9

19 Maryland 67,572 1,151,996 5.9 300,782 1,243,967 24.2

20 Alaska 4,775 78,616 6.1 71,682 302,206 23.7

21 Arkansas 99,699 554,053 18.0 244,903 1,052,317 23.3

22 Georgia 376,425 1,905,936 19.8 1,163,241 5,124,868 22.7

23 South Carolina 138,206 1,168,024 11.8 751,857 3,349,864 22.4

24 Indiana 349,802 3,843,948 9.1 2,105,233 9,563,691 22.0

25 Massachusetts 288,322 2,860,389 10.1 711,767 3,353,228 21.2

26 Illinois 1,090,603 6,352,165 17.2 2,152,722 10,711,544 20.1

27 Oregon 121,034 1,007,110 12.0 393,618 1,960,893 20.1

28 Missouri 367,323 1,903,251 19.3 748,317 3,828,852 19.5

29 Nevada 24,670 155,491 15.9 104,465 572,008 18.3

30 New Jersey 460,441 2,929,896 15.7 830,801 4,587,330 18.1

31 Oklahoma 164,751 809,506 20.4 221,105 1,275,325 17.3

32 Utah 50,393 392,359 12.8 111,216 655,466 17.0

33 Michigan 1,254,781 18,025,629 7.0 4,006,426 23,805,479 16.8

34 Pennsylvania 614,535 4,243,608 14.5 1,112,059 6,961,473 16.0

35 Virginia 176,229 1,227,615 14.4 398,995 2,505,014 15.9

36 New York 816,052 8,061,345 10.1 1,704,740 10,746,154 15.9

37 Washington 298,768 2,114,931 14.1 607,417 3,921,297 15.5

38 Wisconsin 274,035 2,604,112 10.5 788,033 5,137,359 15.3

39 New Hampshire 37,344 408,268 9.1 84,803 590,785 14.4

40 Rhode Island 31,128 328,696 9.5 66,879 474,981 14.1

41 Idaho 36,500 199,899 18.3 55,649 417,505 13.3

42 Kentucky 184,737 1,473,178 12.5 518,087 3,942,487 13.1

43 Minnesota 223,330 2,059,675 10.8 393,394 3,294,909 11.9

44 Ohio 695,738 8,697,068 8.0 2,101,867 18,996,283 11.1

45 West Virginia 34,155 292,308 11.7 80,579 840,041 9.6

46 North Dakota 15,308 288,045 5.3 32,216 507,776 6.3

47 Montana 12,412 172,061 7.2 11,205 232,688 4.8

48 Vermont 21,561 2,104,599 1.0 34,180 1,113,255 3.1

49 Maine 17,862 384,127 4.7 24,135 845,176 2.9

50 Hawaii 1,384 21,148 6.5 515 20,158 2.6

District of Columbia 5,730 26,090 22.0 7,983 24,503 32.6

Puerto Rico 122,155 528,814 23.1 218,744 1,431,473 15.3

Virgin Islands 2,694 17,125 15.7 5,392 5,682 94.9

Unallocated 2,878,131 9,237,174 31.2 4,616,396 18,384,591 25.1

UNITED STATES 41,635,494 141,825,850 29.4 97,457,420 266,938,356 36.5

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 21

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to Mexico and

the NAFTA Region as a A Region as a Whole, 1993–2003

(Ranked by Difference in Mexico’s Share of Total Exports to NAFTA, 1993–2003;

Thousands of Dollars)

Mexico NAFTA Mexico Share, Mexico NAFTA Mexico Share, Share

Rank State 1993 1993 Percent 2003 2003 Percent Differential

1 South Dakota 4,610 122,562 3.8 123,932 412,745 30.0 26.3

2 Maryland 67,572 1,151,996 5.9 300,782 1,243,967 24.2 18.3

3 Alaska 4,775 78,616 6.1 71,682 302,206 23.7 17.6

4 Delaware 131,861 888,070 14.8 254,317 787,299 32.3 17.5

5 Nebraska 103,571 424,274 24.4 472,448 1,172,935 40.3 15.9

6 Wyoming 6,912 39,923 17.3 62,644 199,766 31.4 14.0

7 Florida 646,817 2,202,741 29.4 1,814,458 4,182,985 43.4 14.0

8 Iowa 144,414 1,104,621 13.1 669,932 2,540,607 26.4 13.3

9 Indiana 349,802 3,843,948 9.1 2,105,233 9,563,691 22.0 12.9

10 Alabama 187,637 944,738 19.9 751,402 2,298,789 32.7 12.8

11 North Carolina 470,682 2,955,564 15.9 1,463,759 5,360,045 27.3 11.4

12 Massachusetts 288,322 2,860,389 10.1 711,767 3,353,228 21.2 11.1

13 California 5,943,980 12,921,908 46.0 14,871,836 26,103,403 57.0 11.0

14 South Carolina 138,206 1,168,024 11.8 751,857 3,349,864 22.4 10.6

15 Mississippi 84,434 417,050 20.2 256,252 840,539 30.5 10.2

16 Michigan 1,254,781 18,025,629 7.0 4,006,426 23,805,479 16.8 9.9

17 Colorado 147,188 776,580 19.0 570,428 2,002,142 28.5 9.5

18 Oregon 121,034 1,007,110 12.0 393,618 1,960,893 20.1 8.1

19 Connecticut 304,052 1,678,401 18.1 478,003 1,830,300 26.1 8.0

20 Tennessee 439,734 2,405,980 18.3 1,475,631 5,689,859 25.9 7.7

21 Kansas 268,274 887,752 30.2 602,032 1,622,888 37.1 6.9

22 Louisiana 446,119 856,344 52.1 1,776,102 3,022,986 58.8 6.7

23 New York 816,052 8,061,345 10.1 1,704,740 10,746,154 15.9 5.7

24 Arkansas 99,699 554,053 18.0 244,903 1,052,317 23.3 5.3

25 New Hampshire 37,344 408,268 9.1 84,803 590,785 14.4 5.2

26 Wisconsin 274,035 2,604,112 10.5 788,033 5,137,359 15.3 4.8

27 Rhode Island 31,128 328,696 9.5 66,879 474,981 14.1 4.6

28 Utah 50,393 392,359 12.8 111,216 655,466 17.0 4.1

29 Ohio 695,738 8,697,068 8.0 2,101,867 18,996,283 11.1 3.1

30 Georgia 376,425 1,905,936 19.8 1,163,241 5,124,868 22.7 2.9

31 Illinois 1,090,603 6,352,165 17.2 2,152,722 10,711,544 20.1 2.9

32 Nevada 24,670 155,491 15.9 104,465 572,008 18.3 2.4

33 New Jersey 460,441 2,929,896 15.7 830,801 4,587,330 18.1 2.4

34 New Mexico 74,349 114,093 65.2 242,018 359,939 67.2 2.1

35 Vermont 21,561 2,104,599 1.0 34,180 1,113,255 3.1 2.0

36 Virginia 176,229 1,227,615 14.4 398,995 2,505,014 15.9 1.6

37 Pennsylvania 614,535 4,243,608 14.5 1,112,059 6,961,473 16.0 1.5

38 Washington 298,768 2,114,931 14.1 607,417 3,921,297 15.5 1.4

39 Minnesota 223,330 2,059,675 10.8 393,394 3,294,909 11.9 1.1

40 North Dakota 15,308 288,045 5.3 32,216 507,776 6.3 1.0

41 Kentucky 184,737 1,473,178 12.5 518,087 3,942,487 13.1 .6

42 Missouri 367,323 1,903,251 19.3 748,317 3,828,852 19.5 .2

43 Maine 17,862 384,127 4.7 24,135 845,176 2.9 -1.8

44 West Virginia 34,155 292,308 11.7 80,579 840,041 9.6 -2.1

45 Montana 12,412 172,061 7.2 11,205 232,688 4.8 -2.4

46 Texas 18,973,381 23,045,593 82.3 41,561,359 52,370,010 79.4 -3.0

47 Oklahoma 164,751 809,506 20.4 221,105 1,275,325 17.3 -3.0

48 Hawaii 1,384 21,148 6.5 515 20,158 2.6 -4.0

49 Arizona 1,898,896 2,411,399 78.7 3,229,462 4,360,491 74.1 -4.7

50 Idaho 36,500 199,899 18.3 55,649 417,505 13.3 -4.9

District of Columbia 5,730 26,090 22.0 7,983 24,503 32.6 10.6

Puerto Rico 122,155 528,814 23.1 218,744 1,431,473 15.3 -7.8

Virgin Islands 2,694 17,125 15.7 5,392 5,682 94.9 79.2

Unallocated 2,878,131 9,237,174 31.2 4,616,396 18,384,591 25.1 -6.0

UNITED STATES 41,635,494 141,825,850 29.4 97,457,420 266,938,356 36.5 7.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
22 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to Canada and Mexico, 1993–2003 993–2003

(Thousands of Dollars)

Canada Canada Dollar Percent Mexico Mexico Dollar Percent

State 1993 2003 Change Change 1993 2003 Change Change

Alabama 757,101 1,547,388 790,286 104.4 187,637 751,402 563,765 300.5

Alaska 73,842 230,523 156,682 212.2 4,775 71,682 66,908 1,401.3

Arizona 512,503 1,131,030 618,526 120.7 1,898,896 3,229,462 1,330,566 70.1

Arkansas 454,355 807,413 353,059 77.7 99,699 244,903 145,205 145.6

California 6,977,927 11,231,567 4,253,639 61.0 5,943,980 14,871,836 8,927,856 150.2

Colorado 629,391 1,431,714 802,322 127.5 147,188 570,428 423,240 287.6

Connecticut 1,374,349 1,352,298 -22,051 -1.6 304,052 478,003 173,951 57.2

Delaware 756,209 532,982 -223,227 -29.5 131,861 254,317 122,456 92.9

Florida 1,555,924 2,368,527 812,603 52.2 646,817 1,814,458 1,167,641 180.5

Georgia 1,529,511 3,961,627 2,432,116 159.0 376,425 1,163,241 786,816 209.0

Hawaii 19,764 19,643 -121 -.6 1,384 515 -869 -62.8

Idaho 163,399 361,855 198,456 121.5 36,500 55,649 19,149 52.5

Illinois 5,261,562 8,558,822 3,297,260 62.7 1,090,603 2,152,722 1,062,119 97.4

Indiana 3,494,146 7,458,458 3,964,312 113.5 349,802 2,105,233 1,755,431 501.8

Iowa 960,208 1,870,676 910,468 94.8 144,414 669,932 525,518 363.9

Kansas 619,478 1,020,855 401,377 64.8 268,274 602,032 333,758 124.4

Kentucky 1,288,442 3,424,399 2,135,958 165.8 184,737 518,087 333,351 180.4

Louisiana 410,224 1,246,884 836,659 204.0 446,119 1,776,102 1,329,983 298.1

Maine 366,265 821,041 454,776 124.2 17,862 24,135 6,273 35.1

Maryland 1,084,425 943,185 -141,240 -13.0 67,572 300,782 233,210 345.1

Massachusetts 2,572,066 2,641,461 69,394 2.7 288,322 711,767 423,445 146.9

Michigan 16,770,849 19,799,054 3,028,205 18.1 1,254,781 4,006,426 2,751,645 219.3

Minnesota 1,836,345 2,901,515 1,065,170 58.0 223,330 393,394 170,064 76.1

Mississippi 332,616 584,287 251,672 75.7 84,434 256,252 171,817 203.5

Missouri 1,535,929 3,080,535 1,544,607 100.6 367,323 748,317 380,994 103.7

Montana 159,649 221,483 61,834 38.7 12,412 11,205 -1,207 -9.7

Nebraska 320,703 700,487 379,784 118.4 103,571 472,448 368,877 356.2

Nevada 130,821 467,543 336,722 257.4 24,670 104,465 79,795 323.4

New Hampshire 370,924 505,982 135,058 36.4 37,344 84,803 47,459 127.1

New Jersey 2,469,455 3,756,529 1,287,073 52.1 460,441 830,801 370,360 80.4

New Mexico 39,744 117,921 78,176 196.7 74,349 242,018 167,669 225.5

New York 7,245,293 9,041,414 1,796,121 24.8 816,052 1,704,740 888,687 108.9

North Carolina 2,484,882 3,896,286 1,411,404 56.8 470,682 1,463,759 993,078 211.0

North Dakota 272,737 475,560 202,823 74.4 15,308 32,216 16,908 110.5

Ohio 8,001,330 16,894,415 8,893,086 111.1 695,738 2,101,867 1,406,129 202.1

Oklahoma 644,755 1,054,221 409,465 63.5 164,751 221,105 56,354 34.2

Oregon 886,076 1,567,275 681,199 76.9 121,034 393,618 272,585 225.2

Pennsylvania 3,629,073 5,849,414 2,220,341 61.2 614,535 1,112,059 497,524 81.0

Rhode Island 297,569 408,102 110,533 37.1 31,128 66,879 35,752 114.9

South Carolina 1,029,818 2,598,006 1,568,189 152.3 138,206 751,857 613,651 444.0

South Dakota 117,952 288,812 170,860 144.9 4,610 123,932 119,323 2,588.6

Tennessee 1,966,246 4,214,228 2,247,981 114.3 439,734 1,475,631 1,035,897 235.6

Texas 4,072,212 10,808,651 6,736,439 165.4 18,973,381 41,561,359 22,587,978 119.1

Utah 341,965 544,251 202,285 59.2 50,393 111,216 60,823 120.7

Vermont 2,083,038 1,079,076 -1,003,962 -48.2 21,561 34,180 12,619 58.5

Virginia 1,051,386 2,106,019 1,054,633 100.3 176,229 398,995 222,766 126.4

Washington 1,816,163 3,313,881 1,497,718 82.5 298,768 607,417 308,648 103.3

West Virginia 258,152 759,463 501,311 194.2 34,155 80,579 46,423 135.9

Wisconsin 2,330,077 4,349,326 2,019,250 86.7 274,035 788,033 513,997 187.6

Wyoming 33,011 137,122 104,111 315.4 6,912 62,644 55,732 806.3

District of Columbia 20,360 16,520 -3,840 -18.9 5,730 7,983 2,253 39.3

Puerto Rico 406,659 1,212,729 806,070 198.2 122,155 218,744 96,589 79.1

Virgin Islands 14,431 290 -14,141 -98.0 2,694 5,392 2,698 100.1

Unallocated 6,359,044 13,768,194 7,409,150 116.5 2,878,131 4,616,396 1,738,266 60.4

UNITED STATES 100,190,356 169,480,937 69,290,581 69.2 41,635,494 97,457,420 55,821,925 134.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 23

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to Canada and Mexico, 1993–2003 1993–2003

(Ranked by 2003 Exports to Canada; Thousands of Dollars)

Canada Canada Dollar Percent Mexico Mexico Dollar Percent

Rank State 1993 2003 Change Change 1993 2003 Change Change

1 Michigan 16,770,849 19,799,054 3,028,205 18.1 1,254,781 4,006,426 2,751,645 219.3

2 Ohio 8,001,330 16,894,415 8,893,086 111.1 695,738 2,101,867 1,406,129 202.1

3 California 6,977,927 11,231,567 4,253,639 61.0 5,943,980 14,871,836 8,927,856 150.2

4 Texas 4,072,212 10,808,651 6,736,439 165.4 18,973,381 41,561,359 22,587,978 119.1

5 New York 7,245,293 9,041,414 1,796,121 24.8 816,052 1,704,740 888,687 108.9

6 Illinois 5,261,562 8,558,822 3,297,260 62.7 1,090,603 2,152,722 1,062,119 97.4

7 Indiana 3,494,146 7,458,458 3,964,312 113.5 349,802 2,105,233 1,755,431 501.8

8 Pennsylvania 3,629,073 5,849,414 2,220,341 61.2 614,535 1,112,059 497,524 81.0

9 Wisconsin 2,330,077 4,349,326 2,019,250 86.7 274,035 788,033 513,997 187.6

10 Tennessee 1,966,246 4,214,228 2,247,981 114.3 439,734 1,475,631 1,035,897 235.6

11 Georgia 1,529,511 3,961,627 2,432,116 159.0 376,425 1,163,241 786,816 209.0

12 North Carolina 2,484,882 3,896,286 1,411,404 56.8 470,682 1,463,759 993,078 211.0

13 New Jersey 2,469,455 3,756,529 1,287,073 52.1 460,441 830,801 370,360 80.4

14 Kentucky 1,288,442 3,424,399 2,135,958 165.8 184,737 518,087 333,351 180.4

15 Washington 1,816,163 3,313,881 1,497,718 82.5 298,768 607,417 308,648 103.3

16 Missouri 1,535,929 3,080,535 1,544,607 100.6 367,323 748,317 380,994 103.7

17 Minnesota 1,836,345 2,901,515 1,065,170 58.0 223,330 393,394 170,064 76.1

18 Massachusetts 2,572,066 2,641,461 69,394 2.7 288,322 711,767 423,445 146.9

19 South Carolina 1,029,818 2,598,006 1,568,189 152.3 138,206 751,857 613,651 444.0

20 Florida 1,555,924 2,368,527 812,603 52.2 646,817 1,814,458 1,167,641 180.5

21 Virginia 1,051,386 2,106,019 1,054,633 100.3 176,229 398,995 222,766 126.4

22 Iowa 960,208 1,870,676 910,468 94.8 144,414 669,932 525,518 363.9

23 Oregon 886,076 1,567,275 681,199 76.9 121,034 393,618 272,585 225.2

24 Alabama 757,101 1,547,388 790,286 104.4 187,637 751,402 563,765 300.5

25 Colorado 629,391 1,431,714 802,322 127.5 147,188 570,428 423,240 287.6

26 Connecticut 1,374,349 1,352,298 -22,051 -1.6 304,052 478,003 173,951 57.2

27 Louisiana 410,224 1,246,884 836,659 204.0 446,119 1,776,102 1,329,983 298.1

28 Arizona 512,503 1,131,030 618,526 120.7 1,898,896 3,229,462 1,330,566 70.1

29 Vermont 2,083,038 1,079,076 -1,003,962 -48.2 21,561 34,180 12,619 58.5

30 Oklahoma 644,755 1,054,221 409,465 63.5 164,751 221,105 56,354 34.2

31 Kansas 619,478 1,020,855 401,377 64.8 268,274 602,032 333,758 124.4

32 Maryland 1,084,425 943,185 -141,240 -13.0 67,572 300,782 233,210 345.1

33 Maine 366,265 821,041 454,776 124.2 17,862 24,135 6,273 35.1

34 Arkansas 454,355 807,413 353,059 77.7 99,699 244,903 145,205 145.6

35 West Virginia 258,152 759,463 501,311 194.2 34,155 80,579 46,423 135.9

36 Nebraska 320,703 700,487 379,784 118.4 103,571 472,448 368,877 356.2

37 Mississippi 332,616 584,287 251,672 75.7 84,434 256,252 171,817 203.5

38 Utah 341,965 544,251 202,285 59.2 50,393 111,216 60,823 120.7

39 Delaware 756,209 532,982 -223,227 -29.5 131,861 254,317 122,456 92.9

40 New Hampshire 370,924 505,982 135,058 36.4 37,344 84,803 47,459 127.1

41 North Dakota 272,737 475,560 202,823 74.4 15,308 32,216 16,908 110.5

42 Nevada 130,821 467,543 336,722 257.4 24,670 104,465 79,795 323.4

43 Rhode Island 297,569 408,102 110,533 37.1 31,128 66,879 35,752 114.9

44 Idaho 163,399 361,855 198,456 121.5 36,500 55,649 19,149 52.5

45 South Dakota 117,952 288,812 170,860 144.9 4,610 123,932 119,323 2,588.6

46 Alaska 73,842 230,523 156,682 212.2 4,775 71,682 66,908 1,401.3

47 Montana 159,649 221,483 61,834 38.7 12,412 11,205 -1,207 -9.7

48 Wyoming 33,011 137,122 104,111 315.4 6,912 62,644 55,732 806.3

49 New Mexico 39,744 117,921 78,176 196.7 74,349 242,018 167,669 225.5

50 Hawaii 19,764 19,643 -121 -.6 1,384 515 -869 -62.8

District of Columbia 20,360 16,520 -3,840 -18.9 5,730 7,983 2,253 39.3

Puerto Rico 406,659 1,212,729 806,070 198.2 122,155 218,744 96,589 79.1

Virgin Islands 14,431 290 -14,141 -98.0 2,694 5,392 2,698 100.1

Unallocated 6,359,044 13,768,194 7,409,150 116.5 2,878,131 4,616,396 1,738,266 60.4

UNITED STATES 100,190,356 169,480,937 69,290,581 69.2 41,635,494 97,457,420 55,821,925 134.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
24 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

State Mer State Merchandise Expor chandise Export Totals to Canada and Mexico, 1993–2003 993–2003

(Ranked by 2003 Exports to Mexico; Thousands of Dollars)

Canada Canada Dollar Percent Mexico Mexico Dollar Percent

Rank State 1993 2003 Change Change 1993 2003 Change Change

1 Texas 4,072,212 10,808,651 6,736,439 165.4 18,973,381 41,561,359 22,587,978 119.1

2 California 6,977,927 11,231,567 4,253,639 61.0 5,943,980 14,871,836 8,927,856 150.2

3 Michigan 16,770,849 19,799,054 3,028,205 18.1 1,254,781 4,006,426 2,751,645 219.3

4 Arizona 512,503 1,131,030 618,526 120.7 1,898,896 3,229,462 1,330,566 70.1

5 Illinois 5,261,562 8,558,822 3,297,260 62.7 1,090,603 2,152,722 1,062,119 97.4

6 Indiana 3,494,146 7,458,458 3,964,312 113.5 349,802 2,105,233 1,755,431 501.8

7 Ohio 8,001,330 16,894,415 8,893,086 111.1 695,738 2,101,867 1,406,129 202.1

8 Florida 1,555,924 2,368,527 812,603 52.2 646,817 1,814,458 1,167,641 180.5

9 Louisiana 410,224 1,246,884 836,659 204.0 446,119 1,776,102 1,329,983 298.1

10 New York 7,245,293 9,041,414 1,796,121 24.8 816,052 1,704,740 888,687 108.9

11 Tennessee 1,966,246 4,214,228 2,247,981 114.3 439,734 1,475,631 1,035,897 235.6

12 North Carolina 2,484,882 3,896,286 1,411,404 56.8 470,682 1,463,759 993,078 211.0

13 Georgia 1,529,511 3,961,627 2,432,116 159.0 376,425 1,163,241 786,816 209.0

14 Pennsylvania 3,629,073 5,849,414 2,220,341 61.2 614,535 1,112,059 497,524 81.0

15 New Jersey 2,469,455 3,756,529 1,287,073 52.1 460,441 830,801 370,360 80.4

16 Wisconsin 2,330,077 4,349,326 2,019,250 86.7 274,035 788,033 513,997 187.6

17 South Carolina 1,029,818 2,598,006 1,568,189 152.3 138,206 751,857 613,651 444.0

18 Alabama 757,101 1,547,388 790,286 104.4 187,637 751,402 563,765 300.5

19 Missouri 1,535,929 3,080,535 1,544,607 100.6 367,323 748,317 380,994 103.7

20 Massachusetts 2,572,066 2,641,461 69,394 2.7 288,322 711,767 423,445 146.9

21 Iowa 960,208 1,870,676 910,468 94.8 144,414 669,932 525,518 363.9

22 Washington 1,816,163 3,313,881 1,497,718 82.5 298,768 607,417 308,648 103.3

23 Kansas 619,478 1,020,855 401,377 64.8 268,274 602,032 333,758 124.4

24 Colorado 629,391 1,431,714 802,322 127.5 147,188 570,428 423,240 287.6

25 Kentucky 1,288,442 3,424,399 2,135,958 165.8 184,737 518,087 333,351 180.4

26 Connecticut 1,374,349 1,352,298 -22,051 -1.6 304,052 478,003 173,951 57.2

27 Nebraska 320,703 700,487 379,784 118.4 103,571 472,448 368,877 356.2

28 Virginia 1,051,386 2,106,019 1,054,633 100.3 176,229 398,995 222,766 126.4

29 Oregon 886,076 1,567,275 681,199 76.9 121,034 393,618 272,585 225.2

30 Minnesota 1,836,345 2,901,515 1,065,170 58.0 223,330 393,394 170,064 76.1

31 Maryland 1,084,425 943,185 -141,240 -13.0 67,572 300,782 233,210 345.1

32 Mississippi 332,616 584,287 251,672 75.7 84,434 256,252 171,817 203.5

33 Delaware 756,209 532,982 -223,227 -29.5 131,861 254,317 122,456 92.9

34 Arkansas 454,355 807,413 353,059 77.7 99,699 244,903 145,205 145.6

35 New Mexico 39,744 117,921 78,176 196.7 74,349 242,018 167,669 225.5

36 Oklahoma 644,755 1,054,221 409,465 63.5 164,751 221,105 56,354 34.2

37 South Dakota 117,952 288,812 170,860 144.9 4,610 123,932 119,323 2,588.6

38 Utah 341,965 544,251 202,285 59.2 50,393 111,216 60,823 120.7

39 Nevada 130,821 467,543 336,722 257.4 24,670 104,465 79,795 323.4

40 New Hampshire 370,924 505,982 135,058 36.4 37,344 84,803 47,459 127.1

41 West Virginia 258,152 759,463 501,311 194.2 34,155 80,579 46,423 135.9

42 Alaska 73,842 230,523 156,682 212.2 4,775 71,682 66,908 1,401.3

43 Rhode Island 297,569 408,102 110,533 37.1 31,128 66,879 35,752 114.9

44 Wyoming 33,011 137,122 104,111 315.4 6,912 62,644 55,732 806.3

45 Idaho 163,399 361,855 198,456 121.5 36,500 55,649 19,149 52.5

46 Vermont 2,083,038 1,079,076 -1,003,962 -48.2 21,561 34,180 12,619 58.5

47 North Dakota 272,737 475,560 202,823 74.4 15,308 32,216 16,908 110.5

48 Maine 366,265 821,041 454,776 124.2 17,862 24,135 6,273 35.1

49 Montana 159,649 221,483 61,834 38.7 12,412 11,205 -1,207 -9.7

50 Hawaii 19,764 19,643 -121 -.6 1,384 515 -869 -62.8

District of Columbia 20,360 16,520 -3,840 -18.9 5,730 7,983 2,253 39.3

Puerto Rico 406,659 1,212,729 806,070 198.2 122,155 218,744 96,589 79.1

Virgin Islands 14,431 290 -14,141 -98.0 2,694 5,392 2,698 100.1

Unallocated 6,359,044 13,768,194 7,409,150 116.5 2,878,131 4,616,396 1,738,266 60.4

UNITED STATES 100,190,356 169,480,937 69,290,581 69.2 41,635,494 97,457,420 55,821,925 134.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Origin of Movement Series.

Prepared by the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 25

All state export statistics in this report are drawn from the Census Data Notes

Bureau’s Origin of Movement (OM) state export series. The OM series is

based on information supplied by U.S. exporters on official Shippers

Export Declarations (SEDs) for goods leaving the United States. All

statistics in the OM series are on a free-alongside-ship (f.a.s.) basis and

include both domestic exports and re-exports.

The OM series seeks to measure state exports on the basis of transportation origin—i.e., the location from which exports begin their journey to

the port (or other point) of exit from the United States.

The OM series covers exports of merchandise only. Exports of services

are excluded from the data. Also, OM statistics are available only at the

state level. There are currently no equivalent figures for exports by

metropolitan areas, counties, zip codes, or other sub-state areas.

Similarly, no OM statistics are available for state-level imports. The collection of state import data presents enormous technical challenges, since it

would require tracking foreign goods through the U.S. wholesale and retail

distribution systems. Consequently, it is not currently possible—using OM

data or any other U.S. trade data—to calculate state trade balances.

The Origin of Movement series covers direct exports only. A direct

export is one consisting of final goods shipped to a destination outside

the United States. So-called indirect exports are excluded from the data.

Indirect exports are typically intermediate goods, parts, or other inputs

that are shipped within the United States, and subsequently incorporated

in final export goods. Such shipments represent domestic transactions—

they are not considered exports in U.S. trade statistics.

Also, cross-border shipments made by foreign affiliates of U.S. companies

(e.g., a shipment from a French subsidiary to a German customer) are not

U.S. exports. These transactions may affect the finances of U.S. firms and

reflect a global business strategy, but they are not exports. Exports include only goods and services that are outbound from the United States

and which transit its borders.

The OM series was not designed to measure the state distribution of U.S.

export production or export-related jobs. The focus is transportation

origin, not manufacturing origin.

There are nonetheless many cases when the state origin of movement

and the state of production happen to be the same. The origin of movement and origin of production often coincide because many manufacturers ship exports directly from the factory gate, or from a nearby

distribution facility.

There is no listing of states for which the Origin of Movement series is a

good proxy for export production. Additional research is needed in this area.

As a general rule, however, it appears that the OM series is indicative of

export production when (1) intermediaries are minor exporters in a state,

(2) manufacturers—especially single-establishment firms—dominate exports,

and (3) the state is a known producer of the goods being exported.

The OM series in some cases will show considerable manufactured

exports from states known to have little manufacturing capability. This is

partly attributable to export marketing by in-state intermediaries. These
26 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003

exporters frequently ship manufactures produced by out-of-state suppliers from in-state distribution centers. Another factor is shipments of

manufactures from in-state warehouses and other distribution centers

that are arranged by exporters located out-of-state. In both cases,

manufactured exports from the non-industrial state are magnified on an

origin-of-movement basis.

Another limitation of the OM series is that, in certain cases, it falls short

of its goal of measuring transportation origin. The problem stems from

the fact that many intermediaries have traditionally listed the state in

which they are located—which is not necessarily the origin of movement—as the "state of origin" on SEDs. For many other transactions,

intermediaries specify the state location of the port of exit—which very

often is not the state where goods began their export journey.

The result is significant inconsistencies in the state-level allocation of

exports sold by intermediaries. The primary impact is on the state

distribution of non-manufactured exports—where intermediaries are

overwhelmingly dominant. Most affected is the allocation of exports of

farm products, minerals, and other bulk commodities—virtually all of

which are sold abroad by intermediaries. The impact on manufactured

exports is much more limited, due to the fact that intermediaries account for only about one-third of U.S. exports of manufactures.

The most visible result of the problem is a tendency to understate

exports from agricultural states and inflate exports from states having

ports that handle high-value shipments of farm products (e.g., Louisiana).

Yet another data issue is that some shippers fail to fill in the "state of

origin" block on the SED, or furnish invalid or illegible entries. Consequently, the Census Bureau is presently unable to determine the state

origin of movement for about five percent of the value of U.S. exports.

For additional information on the Origin of Movement series, visit the

Census Bureau’s website at

http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/aip/elom.html .

Data Notes
NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003 27
28 NAFTA: A State Export Perspective, 1993–2003