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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-11

INDUSTRY SERIES

Painting and

Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

Industry 1721

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-11

INDUSTRY SERIES

Painting and

Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

Industry 1721

U.S. Department of Commerce

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary

David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Issued May 1995
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Many persons participated in the various activities of the 1992 Census of Construction

Industries. The overall planning and review of the census operations were performed by the

Economic Census Staff of the Economic Planning and Coordination Division.

This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division. Barry A. Rappaport,

Assistant Chief for Construction and Mineral Census and Related Programs, was responsible for

the overall planning, management, and coordination of the census of construction industries.

Planning and implementation were under the direction of Patricia L. Horning, Chief, Construction

and Mineral Census Branch, with staff assistance by Juliana Van Berkum, Susan L. Hostetter,

Doris M. Kling, Carolyn J. Stone, and Linda M. Taylor. The sampling plans and variance and

estimation specifications were developed by Dennis K. Duke. Under the direction of C. Lloyd

Anderson, the Systems Support Staff maintained the small computers and assisted in the

management of computer output.

Systems and procedures for mailout, receipt, correspondence, data input, industry classification, other clerical processing, administrative-record processing, quality control, and the associated electronic computer programs, were developed in the Economic Planning and Coordination

Division.

Mailout preparation and receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, data

keying, and geocoding review were performed by the staff of the Data Preparation Division,

Judith N. Petty, Chief.

Geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs were developed by the staff

of the Geography Division, Joel Morrison, Chief.

The computer processing systems were developed and coordinated in the Economic

Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Paulter, Jr., Chief, and Sarah W.

Baumgardner, Assistant Chief. Samuel Rozenel, Chief, Current Construction Branch, was

responsible for the design and implementation of the computer systems. The computer programs

were prepared under the supervision of Leonard S. Sammarco and Kevin J. Montgomery.

Computer processing was performed in the Computer Services Division, Marvin D. Raines,

Chief.

The staff of the Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement

for the publications and report forms. Bernadette J. Gayle provided publication coordination and

editing.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed

to the publication of these data.

If you have any questions concerning the statistics in this report, call 301-457-4680.

Acknowledgments
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MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Acting Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Harry A. Scarr, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau. Order forms for all types of products are available

on request from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-8300. A more complete description of publications being issued from this census is on the

inside back cover of this document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, finance, insurance, and real estate,

as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The

economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now

collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

IV INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
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Census of Construction

GENERAL

The 1992 Census of Construction Industries covers all

employer establishments (establishments with payroll) primarily engaged in contract construction or construction on

their own account for sale as defined in the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC). This industrial classification system has been developed by experts

on classification in government and private industry under

the guidance of the Office of Management and Budget and

is in general use among government agencies and among

organizations outside the government.

Contract construction. The SIC manual defines construction in three broad types of activity:

1. Building construction by general contractors or by

operative builders. General building contractors are

primarily engaged in the construction of dwellings,

office buildings, stores, farm buildings, and other building projects. Operative builders who build on their own

account for sale are also included here. However,

investment builders who build structures on their own

account for rent are classified in Real Estate.

2. Heavy construction general contractors. Heavy construction general contractors are primarily engaged in

the construction of highways, bridges, pipelines, sewers and water lines, marine construction, power, and

petro-chemical plants and other nonbuilding construction projects. Special trade contractors are classified

in heavy construction, if they are specifically engaged

in the following activities: grading for highway and

airport runways; guardrail construction; installation of

highway signs; asphalt and concrete construction of

roads, highways, streets, and public sidewalks; trenching, cable laying; conduit construction; underwater

rock removal; pipeline wrapping; or land clearing and

leveling.

3. Constructionby other specialtrade contractors. These

contractors include plumbers, painters, carpenters,

electricians, brick layers, roofers, etc. For the most

part, they perform their work at the site of construction,

although they may also have shops where they perform work incidental to the job site.

General contractors in both the building and the heavy

construction field usually assume responsibility for an

entire construction project, but may subcontract to others

all of the actual construction work or those portions of the

project requiring special skills or equipment. Special trade

contractors may work for general contractors, for other

subcontractors, or may work directly for the owner of the

property.

Each establishment receiving a questionnaire was requested

to report the percent of total dollar value of business done

for each kind-of-business activity engaged in during 1992.

This information was used for the computer assignment of

appropriate industry classifications. During this work, various tests were also made using other data reported on the

questionnaire. The proportion of construction work to total

business was checked to verify that the establishment was

primarily in construction. Also taken into consideration

were the types of structures worked on during the year and

the extent of work undertaken for other contractors.

Construction establishments often engage in various

construction activities. It is necessary, however, to assign

a single industry code to the establishment based on its

major activity. Therefore, the statistics shown for an industry reflect not only the primary activity of the establishments in the industry but also their secondary activities.

The industry reports, however, do present data on the

extent of secondary activities.

Prior to 1992, this census also included one industry

classified in the Real Estate area, SIC 6552, Land Subdividers and Developers, Except Cemeteries. This industry

is covered in the 1992 Census of Financial, Insurance,

and Real Estate Industries.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The census of construction industries is conducted on

an establishment basis. A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is

defined as a relatively permanent office or other place of

business where the usual business activities related to

construction are conducted. With some exceptions, a

relatively permanent office is one which has been established for the management of more than one project or job

and which is expected to be maintained on a continuing

basis. Such ‘‘establishment’’ activities include, but are not

limited to estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and

operation of the actual construction work being conducted

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

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at one or more construction sites. Separate construction

reports were not required for each project or construction

site.

Companies with more than one construction establishment were required to submit a separate report for each

establishment operated during all or any part of 1992. The

census of construction industries figures represent a summary of records for individual establishments rather than

for companies.

If an establishment was engaged in construction and

one or more distinctly different lines of economic activity

(wholesale or retail trade, service, manufacturing, mining,

etc.) at the same place of business, it was requested to file

a separate report for each activity, provided that the

activity was of substantial size and separate records were

maintained or substantially accurate estimates could be

prepared.

If a separate establishment report could not be prepared for each activity, then a construction report was

requested covering all activities of that establishment

providing that the 1992 value of construction work exceeded

the gross receipts from each of its other activities.

Construction businesses with no payroll during 1992

(nonemployers) were not required to file census reports.

Tabulation of data for these businesses are based on

administrative records and are shown only in U.S. summary publications and the geographic area reports series.

Refer to the section on ‘‘Sample Design’’ for details.

Foreign construction activities were not included in this

census.

SAMPLE DESIGN, ESTIMATION PROCEDURES,

AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

The companies included in the 1992 Census of Construction Industries were identified as part of an operation

common to all 1992 Economic Censuses. Construction

companies were divided into employers (companies with

payroll) and nonemployers (companies without payroll).

Statistical information for the employers was obtained in

the census by a survey which included all medium size and

large employers and a sample of the smaller ones. Census

reports were not required from the nonemployers. Statistics on nonemployers were obtained from administrative

records of other agencies of the Federal Government.

Employer Companies

Developing the sampling frame for employer companies. This operation started with obtaining a list of all

construction companies in the active records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) which were subject to payment

of Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes. The

basic source for this list has been the Internal Revenue

Service Business Master File, a comprehensive list of

companies engaged in business activities in the United

States. The file contains the name, address, and form of

ownership of each company and also indicates whether or

not the company is subject to the FICA. Each company in

this file is assigned a unique employer identification (EI)

number which it uses in filing its various reports with the

IRS. The Social Security Administration (SSA) maintains a

similar list using the same identification numbers, which

also contains information on the industrial classification of

each company. The Bureau of the Census obtained both of

these lists and combined them.

Under special arrangements which safeguarded the

confidentiality of the information, the Bureau also obtained

administrative-record data on payrolls and receipts and

added these data to the combined list. The list, thus

created from the IRS-SSA information, was a list of employer

companies. However, for the 1992 Economic Census the

basic reporting unit is the ‘‘establishment.’’ Therefore,

steps were taken to identify the individual establishments

of those companies which operate more than one place of

business. The information for making this determination

was obtained by means of the Company Organization

Survey (COS), an annual canvass of all known multiestablishment companies and large single-establishment companies. Thus, the 1992 Economic Census list for singleestablishment employer companies was obtained from the

IRS-SSA, but the list of establishments of multiestablishment employer companies was obtained directly from

those companies in the COS. Refer to the section on

‘‘Establishment Basis for Reporting’’ for details.

In general, the IRS-SSA list provided sufficient industrial

classification data to assign a company to the proper

economic census, but there were a number of companies

for which this information was inadequate or unavailable. A

special form, NC-9923, General Schedule, was mailed to

all such companies, requesting information on the nature

of the company’s activities. From the information reported,

the company was given an industrial classification code

and assigned to the appropriate economic census. Since

construction companies found in this way were identified

only after the regular census mailing had taken place, they

were treated as a supplement to the basic list.

Selecting the employer sample. The sample was designed

to provide reliable State and metropolitan area estimates

for each construction industry. It consisted of all construction establishments in multiestablishment companies, all

single-establishment companies with 1991 administrative

payroll of $480,000 or more and a probability sample of

single-establishment companies with payroll under that

amount. Supplementing the sample were construction

companies identified from the NC-9923, General Schedule. Also affecting the sample were the misclassified

companies; i.e., companies included in the samples of

other trade areas which reported they were construction

companies and companies originally classified in construction which reported they were not construction companies.

Of the 547,000 single-establishment employer companies initially classified as construction companies, 158,000

were included in the sample. All of the 11,000 establishments of multiestablishment companies were included in

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the sample. There was a net increase in the sample of

48,000 establishments resulting from establishments originally unclassified (receiving the NC-9923) or misclassified.

The probability sample of the smaller single-establishment

companies was a stratified random sample. Strata were

formed from all establishments with the same initial fourdigit SIC code, in the same State, in the same metropolitan

area, or in the balance of the State, and in the same size

class based on estimated total employment. If the fourdigit SIC code for an establishment was incomplete, the

establishment was placed in a stratum for miscellaneous

companies. Because they were small, all companies were

included in the sample for the following three industries:

SIC 1622, Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway Construction Contractors; SIC 1795, Wrecking and Demolition Work

Special Trade Contractors; and SIC 1796, Installation or

Erection of Building Equipment Special Trade Contractors.

Estimation procedures for 1992 and 1987 data. Since

all larger employer companies and some smaller ones

were included in the census, sample estimation was

required only for the universe of companies not selected

with certainty. The published statistics are the totals of the

estimates for the sampled companies and the aggregates

for the certainty companies. All estimates for 1992 and

1987 published here are simple unbiased estimates of the

form:

n

c

x’

c = Σ xi

/ pi

i =1

where: x’

c is the simple unbiased estimate of a characteristic for a publication cell.

x

i is the reported value of a characteristic for

an individual establishment in the publication cell.

p

i is the selection probability of that firm.

n

c is the number of firms in the sample for the

cell.

Data for certain characteristics were reported as a

percentage of the dollar value of business done. Before

this formula was applied to those characteristics, it was

necessary to convert the reported percentages into dollars.

Reliability of employer statistics. Since the estimates

for employer establishments in these reports are based on

the samples, they are subject to sampling variability and

may be expected to differ from results which would have

been obtained if a complete census had been taken using

the same forms and procedures. The sampling errors

shown in the tables were estimated directly from the

sample reports, using methods appropriate for the sample

design and form of estimation used. The relative standard

error is a measure of sampling variability; i.e., the variation

that might occur by chance because only a sample of the

population is surveyed. As calculated for this report, the

relative standard error also partially reflects the effect of

random errors of response and processing, but it does not

take into account the effect of any consistent biases due to

those types of errors. The chances are about 68 out of 100

that an estimate from the sample would differ from a

complete census by less than the relative standard error.

The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the difference is

less than twice the relative standard error and about 99 out

of 100 that it is less than 2-1/ 2 times the relative standard

error. Individual estimates with large relative standard

errors have been shown in the published tables. Any such

estimates should be used with caution. The very large

relative standard errors generally occur for the smaller

estimates.

Relative standard errors have been calculated for all of

the published statistics, although they are shown for each

statistic only in the tables presenting detailed statistics.

Other tables show relative standard errors only for certain

characteristics because of lack of space.

As calculated for this report, the relative standard error

measures certain nonsampling errors, but does not measure any systematic biases in the data. Bias is the difference, averaged over all possible samples with the same

size and design, between the estimates and the true value

being estimated. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to

many sources: inability to obtain information about all

cases in the sample; definitional difficulties; differences in

interpretation of questions; inability or unwillingness of

respondents to provide correct information; and errors

made in processing the data. Although no direct measurements of the biases have been obtained, it is believed that

most of the important response and operational errors

were detected in the course of reviewing the data for

reasonableness and consistency.

A potential source of bias is in the imputation for those

establishments that have not responded by the time of

final publication. Data were estimated for establishments

that did not report by that date, although selected establishments were contacted again to obtain as much information on the telephone as possible. Some publication

cells in which more than 40 percent of the data were not

reported have been suppressed.

Nonemployer Companies

As described earlier, the information derived from the

business income tax returns of all companies was matched

to the census employer file on the basis of common

identification numbers. Those business income tax returns

which could not be matched were further classified on the

basis of several characteristics. Returns with characteristics consistent with companies without payroll were treated

as nonemployers. The nonemployer construction companies were not required to file census reports.

For ‘‘number of establishments,’’ each separate income

tax return was assumed to be an establishment. ‘‘All

business receipts’’ was based on receipts information

reported on the tax return.

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Since no sampling was involved in the nonemployer

establishments, the statistics for nonemployers are not

subject to sampling variability. However, these data are

subject to an unknown amount of reporting and processing

errors which could not be detected by the Census Bureau.

CENSUS REPORT FORMS

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries was obtained from employer establishments primarily

through the use of 22 questionnaires, determined by

industry classification and size. Standard forms and short

forms were developed for each of the following SIC

groups: 15, 16, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, and

179. Establishments with 1991 administrative payroll of

$1,080,000 or more all received the standard form. For

those sample establishments with payroll under that amount,

half received the standard form and half received the short

form. The short forms covered only major items and

omitted some of the detail found in the longer forms.

In reviewing and developing the questionnaires,

comments and recommendations were elicited from

construction trade associations and advisory groups.

Also, approximately 6,000 establishments in SIC’s 1521,

1629, and 1799 were surveyed in the Census of Construction Industries 1989 Pretest. This survey consisted of four

panels which received one of four experimental questionnaries and one panel which received the control questionnaire. Along with the questionnaire, these establishments

received an evaluation questionnaire, which requested

information about respondents’ reactions to the questionnaire, problems in completing the questionnaire, and how

long it took to complete the questionnaire. Results from

the 1989 Pretest questionnaire are reflected as reworded

questions, improved instructions, and restructured value of

business questions in the 1992 questionnaires.

DATA PROCESSING

The 1992 census report forms were mailed out in

December 1992. They were mailed from and returned to

the Census Bureau’s Data Preparation Division in Jeffersonville, IN, where routine editing and coding of the report

forms were also accomplished. Collection of these report

forms was essentially completed in July 1993.

The returned reports underwent extensive processing.

A preliminary edit done at the time of data entry identified

obviously deficient reports and reports needing clarification. When necessary, these problems were resolved by

further contact with the respondents. Next, the data were

transmitted to Census Bureau headquarters near Washington, DC.

Data records, then, underwent a detailed computer

review and analysis. The records containing significant

problems were referred for further analytical review and, if

necessary, contacts were made with the respondents. The

computer performed most classification coding (such as

industry coding, geographic coding, and size coding), and

imputation for missing items or for reports not received in

time for tabulation. The imputation was performed on an

industry (or industry group) and State (or geographic

group) basis using all available response and administrative data.

The data records were then tabulated on an industry

basis. Industry totals were subjected to analytical review,

and selected statistics were prepared for the preliminary

reports. Corrections resulting from this review were made

to the computer records and final tabulations were produced.

The review of a preliminary report for an industry often

uncovered the need for corrections or revisions to the data

for another industry for which a preliminary report had

already been published. The final reports incorporate all

revisions and corrections made during the review of the

preliminary reports and contain considerable more data

than were published in those reports.

GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries’

final industry report series is classified on the basis of two

types of geographic distributions: (1) physical location of

the establishment, and (2) location of construction work. A

separate code was assigned on each basis allowing us to

present data by both physical location of the establishment

and location of construction work.

The geographic area reports series presents similar

data by industry for each State (physical location of the

establishment) and for selected MSA’s, CMSA’s and PMSA’s.

CHANGE IN COLLECTION METHODOLOGY FOR

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK DONE

In 1987 and 1992, the ‘‘value of construction work’’ was

collected to better measure actual construction activity

done during the year. In 1992, this item was collected as a

total of three separate items. These items ( receipts from

construction contract work, value of speculative construction work, and value of construction work done for own

use) were collected separately to emphasize construction

activity that had been poorly reported in previous censuses.

Receipts from the sale of land were not collected

separately in 1992, as in 1987, but are still excluded from

the value of construction work done.

All dollar values are shown in current dollars for the

years specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION

WORK

The aggregate of value of construction work reported by

all construction establishments in each of the several

industry, geographic area, or other groupings in this census contains varying amounts of duplication, since the

construction work of one firm may be subcontracted to

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other construction firms and may also be included in the

subcontractors’ value of construction work. To avoid this

duplication, a ‘‘net’’ value of construction work figure has

been derived for each establishment by subtracting the

costs for construction work subcontracted to others from

the value of construction work.

Duplication in value of business between other construction and nonconstruction industries results from the use of

products of these other industries as input materials by

construction establishments. ‘‘Value added’’ avoids this

duplication and is, for most purposes, the best measure for

comparing the relative economic importance of industries

or areas. ‘‘Value added’’ is defined in the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries as equal to dollar value of business

done less costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and payments for materials, components, supplies,

and fuels.

SPECIAL TABULATIONS

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1992 Census

of Construction Industries may be obtained on computer

tape or in tabular form. The data will be in summary form

and subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of

confidential information (including name, address, kind of

business, or other data for individual business establishments or companies) as are the regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact and detailed

specifications of the type and format of the data to be

provided, should be directed to the Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233.

To discuss a special tabulation before submitting specifications, call 301-457-4680.

COMPARABILITY OF CENSUS OF

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES DATA WITH

OTHER DATA

Data contained in the reports of the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries are not the same as the data

published in the Census Bureau’s monthly Construction

Reports, Series C30, Value of New Construction Put in

Place. The main difference is that the C30 series covers all

new construction put in place without regard to who is

performing the construction activity; whereas, the construction census figures cover both new construction and

maintenance and repair work done by establishments

classified in the construction industry. Significant amounts

of construction are done by establishments classified

outside of construction (in real estate, manufacturing,

utilities, and communications, for example), both as ‘‘force

account’’ construction and construction done for others. In

addition, the value in place series includes constructionrelated expenses such as architectural and engineering

costs and the costs of materials supplied by owners which

are normally not reflected in the census of construction

industries.

Data contained in the reports of the census of construction industries may also differ from industry data in ‘‘Employment and Earnings Statistics,’’ published by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics and ‘‘Statistics of Income,’’ published by

the Internal Revenue Service. These differences arise

from varying definitions of scope, coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

* Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

** Represents the sum of all employees during

pay periods including 12th of March, May,

August, and November, divided by 4.

- Represents zero.

† Represents value of construction work less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others. (See Duplication in Value of Construction Work.)

†† Represents dollar value of business done less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and costs for materials, components,

supplies, and fuels. In 1987, for SIC 1531, land

receipts were collected as a component of

dollar value of business and, therefore, were

subtracted from this value. (See Duplication in

Value of Construction Work.)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

(NA) Not available.

(S) Withheld because estimate did not meet publication standards on the basis of either the

response rate, associated relative standard

error, or a consistency review.

(X) Not applicable.

(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.

n.s.k. Not specified by kind.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION IX
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Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

Statistics For the

United States By State

By

employment

size

By

size class of dollar value of business done

By type, class,

kind of business,

and location of

construction1

By

specialization

in types of

construction

Assets and depreciation (gross book value):

Beginning of year—buildings, machinery, and

equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

End of year—total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

End of year—buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . 3

Depreciation charges during year—

buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Capital expenditures:

Total capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

New buildings—machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . 3

Used buildings—machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . 3

Communication services, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Employees:

All employees—average number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers—average number . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 9 1, 9

Construction workers—quarterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 9 9

Other employees—average number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other employees—quarterly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Establishments—number in business during year . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 1, 9 5 6 8

Fringe benefits—legally required and voluntary

expenditures .................................. 2

Inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Materials, components, supplies, and fuels—costs for . . 1, 2 1 5 6

Ownership—private or government owned . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Payroll:

First-quarter, all employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Annual:

All employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1

Other employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Power, fuels, and lubricants—costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Proprietors and working partners. . . . . . . . . . ......... 2

Ratios, selected industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13

Receipts and value:

Dollar value of business done, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 11 5 6 11

Value of construction work, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10 1, 10 5 6 7, 10 8

For work subcontracted in from others . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2

Other business receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Net value of construction work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Value added. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Rental costs:

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1 5 6

For machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

For buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to buildings and other structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Subcontract work to others, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Note: Data for 1987 and earlier years are also available in some of these tables.

1

Type—buildings, roads, etc. Class—new construction; additions, alterations, or reconstruction; or maintenance and repair work.

X USERS’ GUIDE CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
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Contents

Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

Census of Construction V ...........................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number X ..................

Summary of Findings ............................................................. 2

FIGURES

1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction 3 ............................

2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done 3 .............................

TABLES

Statistics for Establishments With Payroll

1. General Statistics by State: 1992 and 1987 4 ...................................

2. Detailed Statistics: 1992 and Earlier Census Years 6 .............................

3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation: 1992 and 1987 7 .................

4. Value of Inventories: 1992 and 1991 7 .........................................

5. Selected Statistics by Employment Size Class: 1992 and 1987 8 ..................

6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done: 1992 and

1987 ...................................................................... 8

7. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction: 1992 and 1987 9 ............

8. Selected Statistics by Specialization in Types of Construction: 1992 10 .............

9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment by State: 1992 12 .....................

10. Value of Construction Work by Location of Construction Work: 1992 and 1987 13 ...

11. Dollar Value of Business Done by Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987 14 ......

12. Selected Industry Ratios: 1992 and 1987 15 .....................................

13. Selected Industry Ratios by State: 1992 16 ......................................

Statistics for Establishments Without Payroll appear in the U.S. Industry

Summary Report.

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 ........................................................

B. Standard Industrial Classification Titles for Industry Groups and Industries B–1 ........

C. Geographic Divisions and States C–1 ..............................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

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Summary of Findings

Establishments classified in this industry are primarily

engaged in interior and exterior painting (except roofs),

and paper hanging. For additional examples, refer to the

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC) published by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive

Office of the President.

During 1992, the establishments with paid employees

classified in this industry accounted for $8.74 billion in total

dollar value of business. Of this amount, $8.69 billion were

for the value of construction work. These establishments

paid out $2.1 billion for materials, components, and supplies and $595 million for construction work subcontracted

to others. Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants

for the industry were $181 million. Value added for 1992

was $5.9 billion.

There were 31,920 establishments with total employment averaging 162,587 during the year. Total payroll for

1992 was $3.2 billion.

Larger establishments with 20 employees or more,

while representing only 4 percent of the total number of

employer establishments in this industry, accounted for 39

percent of all business done.

A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is defined as a relatively

permanent office, or other place of business, where the

usual business activities related to construction are conducted. A separate census report was required from each

sampled establishment covering domestic operations. Separate reports were not, however, required for each project or

construction site.

For 1987 and earlier censuses, receipts from the sale of

land were collected separately for general contractors and

operative builders. These receipts were included in the

total dollar value of business done but excluded from the

value of construction work done. For 1992, receipts from

the sale of land were not collected separately but are still

excluded from the value of construction work done. All

dollar values are shown in current dollars for the years

specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

The data in this report are estimated from a sample

survey and are subject to sampling variability as well as

errors of response and nonreporting. The relative standard

error shown in the tables is a measure of sampling

variability. Descriptions of the sampling, estimating procedures, and data reliability are included in the introduction.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

11–2 PAINTING AND PAPER HANGING CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
Figure 2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done

(Percent)

1992

1987

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES PAINTING AND PAPER HANGING 11-3

Figure 1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction

(Percent)

1992

1987

Payroll, all employees

 Materials, components, and supplies

 Construction work subcontracted

 out to others

 Rental costs for machinery,

 equipment, and buildings

Selected purchased services:

 Communication repairs to buildings,

 machinery, and equipment

Single-family houses, detached

Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type condominiums

 Other commercial buildings such as stores,

 restaurants, and automobile service stations

Educational buildings

Hospitals and institutional buildings

 Apartment buildings with two or more units,

including rentals, apartmenttype condominiums, and cooperatives

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants

Other residential buildings, including

 hotels, motels, and tourist cabins

Office buildings

 Industrial buildings and warehouses

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries,

 and chemical complexes, etc.

Highways, streets, and related work such as

 installation of guard rails, highway

 signs, lighting, etc.

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways

Sewage treatment and water treatment plants

25.6

 20.1

12.0

13.9

11.8

12.4

9.9

8.1

6.1

7.1

4.2

4.2

4.0

2.5

3.9

3.3

3.3

2.0

3.3

2.7

2.7

1.9

2.4

4.5

1.3

1.2

36.2

37.1

24.1

20.4

6.8

6.3

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.5

1.9

1.5
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Table 1. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

1992

Employees** Payroll

Number of

establish- ments AllConstruction workersAll employeesConstruction workers

Valueof construction work

Net

valueof construction work†

Value added††

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies, and fuels

AB C D E FGH I

United States 31 ------------------------ 920 162 587 136 427 3 164 065 2 470 237 8 689 828 8 094 749 5 854 779 2 289 916

Alabama 374 ------------------------------------- 2 575 2 127 48 723 35 993 129 873 119 110 85 163 34 717

Alaska 105 --------------------------------------- 437 372 9 852 7 904 30 462 28 204 21 092 7 572

Arizona 511 -------------------------------------- 3 305 2 734 54 461 42 188 151 525 143 802 98 005 46 953

Arkansas 187 ------------------------------------- 1 057 901 17 285 14 224 51 723 46 322 33 087 13 339

California 4 ------------------------------------- 099 19 574 16 304 409 128 315 842 1 163 246 1 108 605 789 780 319 411

Colorado 647 ------------------------------------- 3 048 2 657 51 009 42 501 143 507 133 201 88 968 44 356

Connecticut 542 ----------------------------------- 1 948 1 629 42 674 33 390 113 843 108 973 84 908 24 174

Delaware 128 ------------------------------------- 542 448 9 683 7 248 22 946 20 805 16 449 4 401

District of Columbia 16 --------------------------- 243 208 (D) 4 823 15 447 (D) 10 933 (D)

Florida 1 --------------------------------------- 977 9 487 7 612 156 223 118 632 465 632 429 659 294 264 137 004

Georgia 628 -------------------------------------- 4 153 3 516 79 151 60 857 237 998 202 945 146 136 57 185

Hawaii 162 --------------------------------------- 1 539 1 273 47 034 36 631 112 046 103 754 76 558 27 272

Idaho 191 ---------------------------------------- 532 466 7 879 6 631 25 904 25 238 17 543 7 695

Illinois 1 ---------------------------------------- 351 6 852 5 665 177 844 141 410 419 478 394 352 296 801 99 412

Indiana 757 --------------------------------------- 4 243 3 518 81 247 63 608 223 245 203 652 149 114 56 010

Iowa 362 ----------------------------------------- 1 509 1 324 26 071 21 427 73 411 69 025 51 306 18 138

Kansas 312 --------------------------------------- 1 334 1 171 23 698 19 227 63 385 60 301 44 627 (D)

Kentucky 361 ------------------------------------- 2 124 1 796 32 709 25 979 102 628 88 524 59 773 29 211

Louisiana 291 ------------------------------------- 3 561 3 099 69 397 55 647 180 269 167 479 123 719 44 760

Maine 171 ---------------------------------------- 586 482 8 636 7 169 25 514 24 616 18 420 6 428

Maryland 762 ------------------------------------- 4 906 4 244 90 690 68 677 221 997 205 673 148 236 59 361

Massachusetts 712 -------------------------------- 3 055 2 539 61 771 48 154 163 573 154 155 117 088 37 418

Michigan 926 ------------------------------------- 4 507 3 668 91 685 71 233 263 413 244 661 175 093 72 096

Minnesota 466 ------------------------------------ 2 321 1 881 58 109 45 144 157 873 147 156 106 474 41 294

Mississippi 211 ------------------------------------ 924 811 13 603 11 515 36 596 35 098 27 201 (D)

Missouri 774 -------------------------------------- 3 533 2 994 79 394 62 275 189 948 185 397 135 808 50 537

Montana 114 ------------------------------------- 442 359 7 118 5 639 22 487 21 351 16 175 6 669

Nebraska 194 ------------------------------------- 909 773 15 610 12 399 45 564 43 032 32 253 10 827

Nevada 140 -------------------------------------- 796 641 16 583 13 049 45 449 43 678 29 536 14 201

New Hampshire 183 ------------------------------- 524 435 8 019 6 390 25 931 22 945 16 529 (D)

New Jersey 1 ----------------------------------- 049 4 130 3 523 89 769 70 937 250 453 232 508 175 312 60 299

New Mexico 158 ---------------------------------- 583 511 8 313 6 846 24 508 23 849 16 788 7 085

New York 2 ------------------------------------ 092 11 155 9 382 242 732 190 233 644 565 605 022 452 106 154 882

North Carolina 1 -------------------------------- 132 4 961 4 084 79 570 61 324 217 098 199 202 144 822 57 273

North Dakota 72 --------------------------------- 367 319 6 681 5 717 20 586 19 841 13 896 6 415

Ohio 1 ----------------------------------------- 369 6 549 5 405 125 592 96 895 359 890 336 004 244 206 96 910

Oklahoma 306 ------------------------------------ 1 278 1 082 21 934 17 345 64 939 59 922 43 530 16 395

Oregon 480 -------------------------------------- 2 029 1 684 35 097 28 204 94 838 92 175 63 081 29 310

Pennsylvania 1 --------------------------------- 372 7 370 6 192 149 253 118 498 401 497 385 310 274 464 114 334

Rhode Island 186 --------------------------------- 546 449 9 342 7 173 26 041 23 583 18 162 5 430

South Carolina 475 -------------------------------- 2 169 1 824 32 070 25 412 92 974 83 960 59 892 24 601

South Dakota 106 --------------------------------- 412 336 6 103 4 834 19 153 18 415 12 822 5 615

Tennessee 405 ----------------------------------- 2 598 2 166 46 639 34 363 124 509 117 014 82 707 34 587

Texas 1 ---------------------------------------- 613 12 448 10 846 224 309 174 970 666 612 583 410 417 755 167 913

Utah 234 ----------------------------------------- 1 104 918 16 532 13 796 52 127 50 823 36 432 16 037

Vermont 139 -------------------------------------- 421 362 6 335 5 507 16 224 15 719 11 533 4 185

Virginia 1 --------------------------------------- 156 5 554 4 640 97 665 74 945 256 904 234 934 172 663 63 074

Washington 1 ----------------------------------- 000 4 482 3 825 88 817 68 640 233 275 225 634 160 423 65 962

West Virginia 95 --------------------------------- 294 262 5 467 4 224 13 906 13 608 10 342 (D)

Wisconsin 748 ------------------------------------ 3 283 2 713 65 853 51 056 173 822 167 517 124 027 48 324

Wyoming 79 ------------------------------------- 290 254 (D) 3 509 10 992 (D) 8 775 (D)

11–4nnPAINTING AND PAPER HANGING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Location

of

establishment

1992mCon. 1987

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to othersValue of construction work subcontracted in from othersRental

cost for machinery,

equipment,

and buildings

Capital

expenditures, other than land

End-of-year

gross

book value of depreciable assets

All employees**

Value of construction work

Value added††

J K L M N O P Q BGM

595 079 4 487 597 158 190 144 930 1 084 015 169 968 7 953 323 5 716 473 1 1 3 U.S.

10 762 79 193 3 319 2 484 20 003 2 277 103 009 70 047 6 5 22 AL

2 259 18 860 240 965 6 304 263 20 807 14 909 10 8 24 AK

7 723 107 380 1 962 4 082 17 723 2 682 99 106 71 477 7 6 23 AZ

5 401 23 002 640 1 061 4 914 713 35 463 24 939 11 11 31 AR

54 642 676 339 24 787 17 280 120 960 21 370 1 144 368 836 719 2 2 9 CA

10 305 88 721 1 473 3 288 14 598 2 323 100 452 69 868 5 5 20 CO

4 870 44 964 1 518 1 813 13 783 3 457 178 456 125 084 4 5 31 CT

2 141 11 550 291 *370 2 343 462 25 393 19 352 14 12 41 DE

(D) (D) (D) (D) 1 556 268 17 454 13 356 (Z) (D) (D) DC

35 973 248 541 10 538 6 826 52 642 10 776 400 418 271 441 4 4 15 FL

35 053 134 103 4 643 2 836 29 687 4 142 183 033 128 760 5 6 16 GA

8 292 63 721 1 967 937 14 917 1 295 83 159 65 566 5 3 16 HI

666 16 293 348 *705 3 442 224 8 146 5 105 14 11 48 ID

25 126 190 895 5 520 5 855 55 891 7 999 428 609 322 896 4 3 17 IL

19 594 132 328 3 422 4 316 40 234 3 165 137 922 103 109 4 4 15 IN

*4 386 26 892 511 1 697 13 907 1 108 47 478 36 196 8 8 24 IA

3 084 38 239 1 350 651 10 926 1 259 52 826 38 052 8 7 21 KS

14 104 37 244 1 482 1 757 13 378 1 732 79 006 57 997 7 6 32 KY

12 791 66 262 5 058 4 452 20 628 3 050 128 311 90 509 4 4 8 LA

898 10 839 768 615 3 797 1 218 39 157 31 023 11 10 19 ME

16 325 111 191 3 035 2 282 21 471 4 983 249 416 165 316 6 4 31 MD

9 417 88 482 2 729 2 502 18 737 5 210 264 982 198 646 4 5 18 MA

18 751 129 824 5 178 3 833 44 825 5 662 304 613 202 149 5 5 13 MI

10 718 90 263 3 205 5 040 28 972 2 692 143 589 102 721 6 5 22 MN

1 498 20 973 1 242 405 5 642 815 30 614 21 099 9 12 22 MS

4 551 120 762 3 221 4 058 21 437 4 683 203 370 154 850 4 3 27 MO

1 136 9 706 245 780 4 405 151 6 462 5 010 12 14 18 MT

2 532 19 587 953 *2 050 7 613 861 35 478 25 152 9 8 70 NE

1 771 29 408 434 (D) 4 878 703 34 102 22 963 9 11 (D) NV

2 987 12 816 289 285 2 447 1 155 42 409 33 941 13 12 30 NH

17 944 110 560 5 578 3 815 33 906 5 141 275 169 198 969 4 3 15 NJ

658 16 453 331 441 2 755 814 31 799 21 068 8 8 21 NM

39 544 281 170 9 604 8 163 57 228 12 182 675 524 487 626 3 3 9 NY

17 896 100 978 (D) 4 652 27 358 5 049 168 080 116 462 5 4 21 NC

745 11 816 512 663 3 892 410 15 108 10 720 15 19 18 ND

23 886 168 156 6 899 6 298 47 730 6 564 303 382 224 404 4 4 15 OH

5 017 26 330 731 1 295 9 010 998 43 812 32 356 7 7 10 OK

2 663 62 143 2 273 2 364 15 454 1 620 71 186 53 067 7 6 24 OR

16 186 169 132 8 096 4 768 60 230 8 015 400 263 300 946 4 3 20 PA

2 459 10 406 303 *437 3 198 877 38 086 29 191 9 7 44 RI

9 014 46 918 1 806 1 686 11 604 2 790 96 043 61 875 8 7 24 SC

*737 9 552 331 531 2 048 243 9 473 6 964 14 13 36 SD

7 495 81 106 2 049 3 563 18 221 2 598 102 111 68 061 5 5 23 TN

83 202 341 350 12 228 6 941 67 006 12 022 494 542 340 316 3 4 10 TX

1 305 33 950 462 1 369 6 044 750 31 233 21 617 13 12 38 UT

506 9 239 231 *207 1 588 622 18 538 13 543 13 12 55 VT

21 970 135 829 3 834 3 409 23 622 6 218 248 746 174 181 4 4 23 VA

7 641 126 608 5 437 6 204 41 052 3 023 156 752 115 693 6 4 34 WA

298 (D) 410 219 2 965 289 14 615 11 548 23 19 39 WV

6 304 79 349 2 323 4 013 24 684 2 904 125 782 94 758 5 5 23 WI

(D) 6 448 85 254 2 358 119 5 452 4 831 14 (D) 36 WY

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Table 2. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and Earlier Census Years

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of

estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1982 1977 1992 1987 1982 1977

Number of establishments in business during year 31 -------------------------------------------------- 920 29 867 24 779 27 369 1 1 1 1

Proprietors and working partners ------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 637 11 525 12 750 21 248 1 2 2 2

All employees** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 162 587 169 968 136 130 133 106 1 1 1 1

Construction workers:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115 216 126 443 102 476 101 365 1 1 1 1

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 141 506 148 094 122 997 127 571 1 1 1 1

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 158 841 164 936 133 837 136 342 1 1 1 1

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 130 145 142 139 114 607 119 388 1 1 1 1

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136 427 145 385 121 353 121 288 1 1 1 1

Other employees:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 766 24 829 14 670 11 160 1 1 2 2

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 555 24 399 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 952 24 607 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 367 24 441 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 160 24 583 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 164 065 2 978 578 1 875 744 1 361 463 1 1 1 1

Payroll, construction workers-------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 470 237 2 386 175 1 589 420 1 191 130 1 1 1 1

Payroll, other employees ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 693 828 592 402 286 324 170 333 1 1 1 1

First-quarter payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------- 636 112 625 980 386 532 267 898 1 1 1 1

Fringe benefits, all employees -------------------------------------------------------------------- 704 963 627 051 324 644 249 079 1 1 1 1

Legally required expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------- 546 248 478 480 264 049 161 131 1 1 1 1

Voluntary expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 158 715 148 570 60 595 87 949 2 1 1 1

Dollar value of business done--------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 739 774 8 027 973 4 688 082 3 205 318 1 1 1 1

Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 689 828 7 953 323 4 652 154 3 171 129 1 1 1 1

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 4 ---------------------------------------- 487 597 3 405 709 1 806 303 1 442 314 2 2 1 1

Other business receipts ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 49 947 74 650 35 927 34 189 6 5 5 4

Net value of construction work†------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 094 749 7 445 552 4 398 612 3 051 294 1 1 1 1

Value added†† ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 854 779 5 716 473 3 359 932 2 362 004 1 1 1 1

Selected costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 884 995 2 311 499 1 328 150 843 314 1 1 1 1

Materials, components, and supplies ------------------------------------------------------------ 2 108 529 1 641 607 958 511 652 394 1 1 1 1

Construction work subcontracted out to others 595 --------------------------------------------------- 079 507 770 253 542 119 835 4 3 2 2

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants ------------------------------------------------------------ 181 387 162 121 116 096 71 086 1 1 1 1

Electricity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 675 19 761 13 837 5 840 3 2 3 3

Natural and manufactured gas ---------------------------------------------------------------- 6 936 4 543 4 365 4 371 4 4 4 4

Gasoline and diesel fuel---------------------------------------------------------------------- 139 912 129 315 91 239 54 882 1 1 2 1

On highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124 392 114 005 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Off highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 520 15 309 (NA) (NA) 4 3 (NA) (NA)

Other, including lubricating oils and greases 6 ---------------------------------------------------- 865 8 501 6 654 5 994 5 3 4 5

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 158 ------------------------------------------------ 190 123 717 63 242 34 766 2 2 2 1 For machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------------ 97 582 75 966 42 210 24 914 2 2 2 1 For buildings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 608 47 751 21 032 9 852 3 3 3 2

Selected purchased services --------------------------------------------------------------------- 164 397 121 371 78 661 67 955 2 2 1 4 Communication services------------------------------------------------------------------------ 71 296 54 894 32 365 28 045 2 2 2 6 Repairs to buildings and other structures--------------------------------------------------------- 8 665 8 289 5 166 3 400 4 5 3 6 Repairs to machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------ 84 436 58 188 41 130 36 511 2 2 2 5

Ownership of construction projects: Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 689 828 7 953 323 4 652 154 3 171 129 1 1 1 1 Government owned-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 529 898 1 171 608 588 562 376 108 3 3 5 1 Federal----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 388 392 393 823 (NA) (NA) 5 4 (NA) (NA)

State and local ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 141 506 777 785 (NA) (NA) 4 3 (NA) (NA)

Privately owned ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 159 929 6 781 714 4 063 592 2 795 021 1 1 1 1

11–6nnPAINTING AND PAPER HANGING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation for Establishments With Payroll:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES, MACHINERY, AND EQUIPMENT

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 986 -------------------------------------------- 237 759 537 2 2 Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 144 930 147 339 3 4 New ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107 194 114 268 4 4 Used --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 736 33 070 5 6 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 47 ------------------------------------------------- 152 33 253 7 7

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 1 ------------------------------------------------- 084 015 873 623 2 2

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 128 538 119 375 2 2

Buildings and Other Structures, Additions, and Related Facilities

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 163 -------------------------------------------- 167 181 271 5 4

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 13 990 19 153 13 8

New buildings and other structures ------------------------------------------------------------ 9 159 12 406 18 11

Used buildings and other structures------------------------------------------------------------ 4 831 6 747 14 10

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets------------------------------------------------- 4 167 6 079 9 21

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 172 ------------------------------------------------- 989 194 346 5 4

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 973 19 278 5 6

Machinery and Equipment

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 823 -------------------------------------------- 070 578 266 2 2

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 130 941 128 185 3 4

New machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 98 --------------------------------- 036 101 862 4 4

New automobiles and trucks, intended primarily for highway use 45 -------------------------------- 852 69 509 6 4

Used machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 32 -------------------------------- 905 26 323 5 7

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 42 ------------------------------------------------- 985 27 174 8 7

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 911 ------------------------------------------------- 026 679 277 2 2

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 114 565 100 097 2 2

Table 4. Value of Inventories for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1991

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item Establishments with payroll

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent)

All establishments:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 920 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 689 828 1

Establishments with inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 216 2

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 980 579 1

Inventories1:

End of 1992, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 69 265 5

End of 1991, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 66 038 4

Establishments with no inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 854 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 422 755 1

Establishments not reporting:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 850 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 286 494 1

1Inventories at cost or market prior to any adjustment to correct to LIFO values.

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PAINTING AND PAPER HANGINGnn11–7
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Table 5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Employment Size Class:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with an average ofm

Total

1 to 4

employees

5 to 9

employees

10 to 19

employees

20 to 49

employees

50 to 99

employees

100 to 249

employees

250 to 499

employees

500 to 999

employees

1,000

employees

or more

1992

Number of establishments 31 --------------------------- 920 23 021 5 306 2 269 1 072 172 66 11 3 –

All employees** 162 ------------------------------------ 587 40 905 33 919 29 445 31 170 11 597 9 583 3 839 2 128 –

Payroll, all employees 3 ------------------------------- 164 065 580 112 584 483 600 193 753 602 314 139 228 883 81 631 21 021 –

Dollar value of business done 8 ------------------------ 739 774 2 160 777 1 626 572 1 580 079 1 850 735 722 280 564 909 185 530 48 892 –

Value of construction work 8 --------------------------- 689 828 2 154 415 1 620 002 1 568 908 1 835 404 717 770 560 021 184 417 48 892 –

Net value of construction work† 8 ---------------------- 094 749 1 975 197 1 497 475 1 452 715 1 735 848 682 489 525 763 225 261 (D) –

Value added†† 5 -------------------------------------- 854 779 1 399 720 1 070 720 1 047 255 1 275 073 501 315 378 163 149 875 32 658 –

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels 2 ----- 289 916 581 841 433 324 416 631 476 107 185 685 152 488 43 841 (D) –

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 595 -- 079 179 217 122 527 116 193 99 555 35 280 34 258 8 048 (D) –

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 158 ---- 190 27 818 28 678 24 188 37 418 15 502 18 157 6 429 (D) –

Capital expenditures, other than land 144 ------------------ 930 40 579 28 020 22 336 30 686 9 640 11 515 2 154 (D) –

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 1 ---- 084 015 271 108 190 278 183 544 242 165 97 115 78 920 20 885 (D) –

1987

All employees** 169 ------------------------------------ 968 (S) 36 981 32 590 34 174 13 374 9 522 4 130 – –

Value of construction work 7 --------------------------- 953 323 (S) 1 527 383 1 381 694 1 731 396 749 964 504 939 249 321 – –

Value added†† 5 -------------------------------------- 716 473 (S) 1 093 401 1 001 397 1 281 510 565 820 369 114 164 222 – –

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR OF

ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** 1 ------------------------------------ 2 3 3 2 1 3 (Z) (Z) –

Net value of construction work† 1 ---------------------- 2 3 3 2 1 (Z) (Z) (D) –

Capital expenditures, other than land 3 ------------------ 7 9 8 8 1 (Z) (Z) (D) –

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

Table 6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done for

Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with dollar value of business done

Total

Less than

$25,000

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$499,999

$500,000

to

$999,999

$1,000,000

to

$2,499,999

$2,500,000

to

$4,999,999

$5,000,000

to

$9,999,999

$10,000,000

or more

1992

Number of establishments 31 ------------------ 920 (S) (S) 7 454 9 568 3 471 1 971 1 105 296 106 40 All employees** 162 --------------------------- 587 (S) (S) 13 727 34 247 25 073 24 207 26 354 13 021 9 618 8 695 Payroll, all employees 3 ---------------------- 164 065 (S) (S) 161 669 497 018 444 741 498 578 632 477 374 982 272 999 219 800 Dollar value of business done 8 --------------- 739 774 (S) (S) 544 997 1 492 092 1 198 407 1 348 422 1 631 949 1 010 824 711 102 587 578 Value of construction work 8 ------------------ 689 828 (S) (S) 543 597 1 487 620 1 193 659 1 337 046 1 620 998 1 003 829 707 784 581 487 Net value of construction work† 8 ------------- 094 749 (S) (S) 520 730 1 396 947 1 117 027 1 223 567 1 516 733 928 691 646 138 538 944

Value added†† 5 ----------------------------- 854 779 (S) (S) 376 916 999 484 806 087 873 620 1 099 729 687 563 473 013 393 877 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and

fuels 2 ------------------------------------- 289 916 (S) (S) 145 213 401 936 315 688 361 323 427 955 248 123 176 443 151 158 Cost of construction work subcontracted out

to others 595 --------------------------------- 079 (S) (S) 22 867 90 672 76 632 113 479 104 265 75 138 61 646 42 543 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and

buildings 158 --------------------------------- 190 (S) (S) 6 120 21 092 19 475 23 188 31 939 20 096 14 748 19 518 Capital expenditures, other than land 144 --------- 930 (S) (S) 13 964 28 321 16 212 19 384 25 944 15 678 11 074 9 656 End-of-year gross book value of depreciable

assets 1 ----------------------------------- 084 015 (S) (S) 83 526 165 071 142 299 149 908 213 450 134 675 90 904 74 501

1987

All employees** 169 --------------------------- 968 (S) (S) (S) 36 996 28 054 26 085 25 572 13 725 8 666 6 266

Value of construction work 7 ------------------ 953 323 (S) (S) (S) 1 382 442 1 175 312 1 278 071 1 447 895 900 099 593 676 468 278

Value added†† 5 ----------------------------- 716 473 (S) (S) (S) 976 844 830 751 924 425 1 046 975 656 541 438 641 327 970

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR

OF ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** 1 --------------------------- (S) (S) 3 3 4 3 2 2 (Z) (Z)

Net value of construction work† 1 ------------- (S) (S) 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 (Z)

Capital expenditures, other than land 3 --------- (S) (S) 10 9 12 13 6 6 (Z) (Z)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

11–8nnPAINTING AND PAPER HANGING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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TSF:TIPS92-15473546.DAT;1 5/ 3/ 95 15:47:43 UTF:TIPS93-15473546.DAT;1 5/ 3/ 95 15:47:44 META:TIPS96-15473546.DAT;1 5/ 3/ 95 15:48:19

Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Type of

Construction: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

1992

Value of construction work 8 -------------------------------------------- 689 828 2 974 580 1 650 183 3 869 515 1 1 2 1

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 7 102 870 2 669 616 1 468 106 2 965 148 1 2 2 1

Single-family houses ---------------------------------------------------------- 2 585 553 1 174 927 377 872 1 032 753 2 3 5 2

Single-family houses, detached 2 ---------------------------------------------- 222 793 1 029 193 324 251 869 349 2 3 5 2

Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type

condominiums------------------------------------------------------------- 362 760 145 734 53 621 163 405 4 5 8 5

Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type

condominiums, and cooperatives 531 ---------------------------------------------- 817 114 103 79 197 338 517 4 7 7 4

Other residential buildings, including hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 210 ------------- 184 66 699 65 331 78 154 5 8 11 6

Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 150 -------------------------------------------- 335 55 883 53 054 41 397 6 8 13 4

Other residential buildings 59 --------------------------------------------------- 849 10 816 12 277 36 756 10 20 19 11

Office buildings--------------------------------------------------------------- 1 046 095 349 732 340 690 355 673 2 2 3 3

Other commercial buildings such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service

stations--------------------------------------------------------------------- 863 277 340 166 163 678 359 433 3 3 4 4

Industrial buildings and warehouses 1 -------------------------------------------- 023 818 303 943 192 273 527 602 2 6 4 2

Industrial buildings ---------------------------------------------------------- 879 591 246 299 162 038 471 254 3 8 4 2

Warehouses --------------------------------------------------------------- 144 227 57 643 30 235 56 348 4 4 5 6

Religious buildings------------------------------------------------------------ 111 339 34 828 27 403 49 109 7 11 5 8

Educational buildings --------------------------------------------------------- 283 974 124 925 77 560 81 488 4 5 5 6

Hospitals and institutional buildings 335 --------------------------------------------- 711 127 829 121 580 86 301 4 6 6 5

Other nonresidential buildings 111 -------------------------------------------------- 102 32 464 22 520 56 118 6 8 10 11

Nonbuilding construction 1 -------------------------------------------------------- 391 408 304 964 182 077 904 367 2 4 6 3

Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 284 974 104 568 79 489 100 917 5 7 9 6

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 233 ---------------------------------------- 760 22 895 29 563 181 303 5 7 23 7

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. 343 -------------------- 681 58 414 21 716 263 551 3 9 5 3

Power plants ----------------------------------------------------------------- 105 801 10 675 13 252 81 874 4 13 17 3

Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 114 ----------------------------------- 268 50 013 21 437 42 818 4 5 4 8

Sewage treatment plants 59 ---------------------------------------------------- 030 28 517 14 085 16 428 6 7 5 11

Water treatment plants------------------------------------------------------ 55 239 21 497 7 351 26 391 6 6 5 10

Water storage facilities -------------------------------------------------------- 71 765 11 147 1 356 59 262 26 7 9 32

Ships------------------------------------------------------------------------ 81 226 2 870 *986 77 371 4 3 57 4

Other nonbuilding construction 155 ------------------------------------------------- 932 44 383 14 280 97 269 5 11 10 5

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 195 550 (NA) (NA) (NA) 6 (NA) (NA) (NA)

1987

Value of construction work 7 -------------------------------------------- 953 323 3 001 279 1 339 642 2 926 718 1 1 2 1

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 6 291 053 2 768 344 1 231 058 2 291 652 1 1 2 2

Single-family houses ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 929 573 932 192 264 553 732 827 2 2 3 3

Single-family houses, detached 1 ---------------------------------------------- 594 775 740 161 228 026 626 586 2 3 4 3

Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type

condominiums------------------------------------------------------------- 334 798 192 031 36 527 106 241 4 5 8 6

Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type

condominiums, and cooperatives 567 ---------------------------------------------- 725 224 681 75 973 267 070 4 7 7 5

Other residential buildings, including hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 360 ------------- 642 157 085 91 273 112 283 4 4 10 5

Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 224 -------------------------------------------- 176 113 255 59 696 51 224 4 3 14 4

Other residential buildings 136 --------------------------------------------------- 466 43 830 31 577 61 059 7 10 10 9

Office buildings--------------------------------------------------------------- 1 105 840 489 963 296 245 319 631 2 2 3 3

Other commercial buildings such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service

stations--------------------------------------------------------------------- 646 199 298 006 144 539 203 653 2 3 3 3

Industrial buildings and warehouses 988 -------------------------------------------- 816 417 459 161 893 409 463 2 3 3 3

Industrial buildings ---------------------------------------------------------- 839 501 332 701 140 439 366 360 2 3 4 3

Warehouses --------------------------------------------------------------- 149 315 84 758 21 454 43 103 5 7 5 7

Religious buildings------------------------------------------------------------ 99 174 28 869 23 577 46 727 3 6 5 5

Educational buildings --------------------------------------------------------- 213 712 72 659 64 139 76 913 4 6 6 6

Hospitals and institutional buildings 263 --------------------------------------------- 224 108 944 88 005 66 274 3 3 4 8

Other nonresidential buildings 116 -------------------------------------------------- 148 38 486 20 861 56 811 10 17 12 13

Nonbuilding construction -------------------------------------------------------- 976 587 232 936 108 584 635 066 3 4 5 3

Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 158 832 54 397 30 149 74 285 7 10 14 9

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 153 ---------------------------------------- 356 18 204 11 367 123 784 10 13 22 12

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. 201 -------------------- 543 24 858 20 039 156 645 3 3 8 4

Power plants ----------------------------------------------------------------- 90 827 35 575 8 553 46 698 2 3 5 2

Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 93 ----------------------------------- 871 59 147 12 688 22 036 6 7 8 14

Ships------------------------------------------------------------------------ 82 877 6 584 5 901 70 391 6 17 6 6

Other nonbuilding construction 195 ------------------------------------------------- 281 34 171 19 887 141 226 9 13 17 10

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 685 683 (NA) (NA) (NA) 3 (NA) (NA) (NA)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PAINTING AND PAPER HANGINGnn11–9
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TSF:TIPS92-15473546.DAT;1 5/ 3/ 95 15:47:43 UTF:TIPS93-15473546.DAT;1 5/ 3/ 95 15:47:44 META:TIPS96-15473546.DAT;1 5/ 3/ 95 15:48:19

Table 8. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Specialization in Types of

Construction: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to degree of specialization in major types of construction

work. If number of establishments or value of construction work for a given type of specialization are relatively insignificant, data may not be shown. In addition, data are not shown in this table

where distribution of the value of construction work by type of construction was not provided in table 7. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms,

see appendix A]

Item

Value of construction work Relative standard error

of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

establishmentsAll

employees**

Payroll, all

employees

For

all types

For

specialized

type

Net

value of

construction

work†

Value

added††

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G HBDH

All establishments 31 -------------------------------- 920 162 587 3 164 065 8 689 828 5 394 461 8 094 749 5 854 779 595 079 1 1 4

Establishments not specializing by type 5 ---------------------- 475 44 804 971 440 2 444 822 (NA) 2 296 147 1 680 292 148 675 2 2 6

Establishments specializing 51 percent or more 26 --------------- 445 117 783 2 192 624 6 245 006 5 394 461 5 798 602 4 174 487 446 404 1 1 4

SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES, DETACHED

All establishments specializing in type 16 ------------- 483 48 569 721 913 2 135 557 1 901 659 1 983 869 1 420 102 151 688 2 2 6

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 8 -------------------------------- 189 21 911 315 477 986 678 986 678 908 861 642 204 77 817 3 3 10

90 to 99 percent specialization 2 ---------------------------- 877 8 836 135 778 399 713 373 087 372 726 265 441 26 987 5 5 16

80 to 89 percent specialization 2 ---------------------------- 018 6 775 99 557 266 382 219 338 252 983 187 811 13 399 6 5 11

70 to 79 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- 741 5 548 83 108 240 109 175 674 226 298 163 227 13 812 6 6 10

60 to 69 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- 300 4 230 69 132 191 513 118 620 175 412 128 291 16 102 8 7 21

51 to 59 percent specialization 357 ---------------------------- 1 270 18 861 51 161 28 263 47 590 33 127 3 572 14 13 32

SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES, ATTACHED, INCLUDING

TOWNHOUSES AND TOWNHOUSE-TYPE

CONDOMINIUMS

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 239 4 925 76 085 202 499 168 855 193 358 140 781 9 140 8 7 16

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 512 -------------------------------- 1 544 22 226 61 699 61 699 58 469 43 178 3 230 14 12 33

90 to 99 percent specialization 207 ---------------------------- 966 14 177 32 992 30 532 32 104 23 362 888 25 21 30

80 to 89 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 756 12 887 34 200 27 889 33 412 22 483 788 13 13 31

70 to 79 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 760 10 559 32 124 23 468 (D) 21 627 (D) 17 17 (D)

60 to 69 percent specialization 155 ---------------------------- 813 14 941 38 186 23 442 36 372 27 830 1 815 15 14 13

51 to 59 percent specialization *17 ---------------------------- *86 *1 296 *3 298 *1 825 (D) *2 301 (D) 56 42 (D)

APARTMENT BUILDINGS WITH TWO OR MORE

UNITS, INCLUDING RENTALS, APARTMENT-TYPE

CONDOMINIUMS, AND COOPERATIVES

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 620 7 415 123 839 347 008 300 308 311 729 229 682 35 279 6 6 14

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 761 -------------------------------- 2 950 51 010 137 953 137 953 123 343 95 828 14 610 10 10 24 90 to 99 percent specialization 260 ---------------------------- 1 281 20 062 55 310 51 856 46 934 33 970 8 376 15 12 28 80 to 89 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 961 12 076 44 118 36 063 38 475 26 476 5 643 16 19 38 70 to 79 percent specialization 195 ---------------------------- 1 323 25 715 66 783 48 534 64 722 45 192 2 060 13 10 16 60 to 69 percent specialization 146 ---------------------------- 861 13 803 36 155 22 154 34 177 25 725 1 978 21 19 25 51 to 59 percent specialization *8 ---------------------------- *40 *1 174 *6 689 *3 750 *4 078 *2 492 *2 611 49 60 65

HOTELS, MOTELS, AND TOURIST CABINS

All establishments specializing in type 82 ------------- 569 14 727 44 081 37 467 35 947 29 795 8 134 19 15 24

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization (S) -------------------------------- 194 4 093 21 204 21 204 15 369 14 213 5 835 39 23 31

90 to 99 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- *57 (D) *3 205 *2 884 *2 684 *1 757 (S) 64 67 (S)

80 to 89 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- *9 (S) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 74 (D) (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization *20 ---------------------------- 207 5 794 12 264 8 861 11 229 8 669 *1 035 31 31 46

60 to 69 percent specialization 2 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

51 to 59 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 190 ------------- 785 13 279 49 193 41 431 45 525 32 098 3 668 16 14 28

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 116 -------------------------------- 389 5 907 27 014 27 014 25 034 17 406 1 980 20 16 36

90 to 99 percent specialization *16 ---------------------------- *26 *488 *1 392 *1 292 *1 248 *1 064 (S) 64 67 (S)

80 to 89 percent specialization *13 ---------------------------- *11 (S) (S) (S) (D) (S) (D) 71 (S) (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization *35 ---------------------------- 190 3 093 8 513 6 252 7 954 5 550 *558 38 37 45

60 to 69 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

51 to 59 percent specialization *4 ---------------------------- *102 2 609 7 285 3 735 (D) 5 677 (D) 45 22 (D)

OFFICE BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 225 11 617 292 433 695 176 531 983 655 065 470 913 40 110 3 3 9

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 342 -------------------------------- 2 264 53 933 133 791 133 791 125 595 90 564 8 196 8 8 32

90 to 99 percent specialization 121 ---------------------------- 990 26 460 59 745 55 247 58 058 43 404 1 687 11 8 17 80 to 89 percent specialization 188 ---------------------------- 1 679 48 881 108 777 88 215 104 072 77 996 4 705 8 7 23 70 to 79 percent specialization 201 ---------------------------- 2 643 64 640 151 506 110 393 143 442 103 386 8 064 7 6 8 60 to 69 percent specialization 281 ---------------------------- 3 081 74 174 184 315 113 206 169 304 116 805 15 011 5 5 12 51 to 59 percent specialization 91 ---------------------------- 960 24 346 57 042 31 130 54 594 38 759 2 447 14 11 32

OTHER COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS SUCH AS

STORES, RESTAURANTS, AND AUTOMOBILE

SERVICE STATIONS

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 483 9 847 197 906 532 276 450 594 500 180 365 728 32 096 4 4 10

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 601 -------------------------------- 3 737 78 957 213 105 213 105 201 522 149 957 11 583 8 6 17

90 to 99 percent specialization 150 ---------------------------- 1 015 19 777 62 800 57 538 57 196 41 866 5 604 14 20 36

80 to 89 percent specialization 206 ---------------------------- 1 862 36 994 89 049 73 073 85 944 63 732 3 105 9 9 15 70 to 79 percent specialization 215 ---------------------------- 1 185 23 257 63 721 46 259 60 874 46 359 2 847 13 11 18 60 to 69 percent specialization 235 ---------------------------- 1 438 24 313 61 850 38 092 58 339 39 531 3 511 13 13 25 51 to 59 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 611 14 608 41 751 22 528 36 305 24 282 (S) 12 10 (S)

11–10nnPAINTING AND PAPER HANGING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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TSF:TIPS92-15473546.DAT;1 5/ 3/ 95 15:47:43 UTF:TIPS93-15473546.DAT;1 5/ 3/ 95 15:47:44 META:TIPS96-15473546.DAT;1 5/ 3/ 95 15:48:19

Table 8. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Specialization in Types of

Construction: 1992mCon.

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to degree of specialization in major types of construction

work. If number of establishments or value of construction work for a given type of specialization are relatively insignificant, data may not be shown. In addition, data are not shown in this table

where distribution of the value of construction work by type of construction was not provided in table 7. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms,

see appendix A]

Item

Value of construction work Relative standard error

of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

establishmentsAll

employees**

Payroll, all

employees

For

all types

For

specialized

type

Net

value of

construction

work†

Value

added††

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G HBDH

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 681 ------------- 9 184 215 329 624 121 517 489 565 033 417 185 59 088 4 4 20

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 231 -------------------------------- 2 806 66 069 218 575 218 575 191 357 136 502 *27 218 7 10 44

90 to 99 percent specialization 68 ---------------------------- 1 340 30 992 83 472 77 619 79 208 59 467 4 264 9 6 1

80 to 89 percent specialization 88 ---------------------------- 1 501 36 316 97 963 79 815 88 166 68 086 9 796 10 7 13

70 to 79 percent specialization 81 ---------------------------- 1 287 27 135 64 003 46 379 63 151 44 364 852 6 7 14

60 to 69 percent specialization 173 ---------------------------- 1 466 32 482 91 334 56 179 86 177 64 075 5 157 11 9 15

51 to 59 percent specialization 40 ---------------------------- 783 22 336 68 775 38 921 56 974 44 691 11 802 9 8 2

EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 282 ------------- 1 562 30 778 82 004 62 051 75 891 54 444 6 113 13 12 28

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 100 -------------------------------- (S) 4 519 (S) (S) 10 327 5 519 (S) (S) (S) (S)

90 to 99 percent specialization *7 ---------------------------- *19 *669 *1 263 *1 238 *1 181 *887 *82 65 59 59 80 to 89 percent specialization 61 ---------------------------- 621 8 950 26 943 21 734 25 500 18 937 *1 443 28 28 56 70 to 79 percent specialization *24 ---------------------------- 147 3 851 9 141 6 577 8 853 6 496 (S) 30 28 (S)

60 to 69 percent specialization 84 ---------------------------- 451 9 839 24 084 14 914 23 716 17 742 368 18 17 37 51 to 59 percent specialization 8 ---------------------------- 120 2 950 6 774 3 789 6 313 4 863 461 30 26 34

HOSPITALS AND INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 295 ------------- 1 881 37 801 98 939 69 184 93 546 63 592 *5 394 14 16 48

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization (S) -------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

90 to 99 percent specialization 49 ---------------------------- 215 3 816 10 152 9 254 9 895 6 429 *257 31 35 50

80 to 89 percent specialization *23 ---------------------------- *141 *1 792 *11 113 *8 954 *8 326 *4 365 (S) 52 73 (S)

70 to 79 percent specialization 63 ---------------------------- 351 7 128 16 813 11 982 16 261 10 921 *552 25 24 44

60 to 69 percent specialization 87 ---------------------------- 811 19 211 46 214 28 059 44 588 29 871 1 626 27 26 22

51 to 59 percent specialization *25 ---------------------------- 187 3 684 8 230 4 518 8 084 6 092 *145 37 31 46

HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AND RELATED WORK

SUCH AS INSTALLATION OF GUARD RAILS,

HIGHWAY SIGNS, LIGHTING, ETC.

All establishments specializing in type 202 ------------- 2 893 79 234 289 596 275 707 280 299 172 824 9 297 6 5 4

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 174 -------------------------------- 2 163 56 826 214 540 214 540 209 971 125 738 4 570 7 6 6

90 to 99 percent specialization 10 ---------------------------- 387 11 902 38 682 35 905 34 846 23 920 3 837 11 6 4

80 to 89 percent specialization 5 ---------------------------- 98 4 923 19 262 15 434 (D) 12 515 (D) 20 10 (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization – ---------------------------- –––––– ––––

60 to 69 percent specialization *5 ---------------------------- 73 2 356 *6 545 *4 278 *6 545 *3 889 – 37 40 –

51 to 59 percent specialization *9 ---------------------------- 171 3 227 10 566 5 549 (D) 6 762 (D) 8 10 (D)

BLAST FURNACES, PETROLEUM REFINERIES,

CHEMICAL COMPLEXES, ETC.

All establishments specializing in type 195 ------------- 4 917 117 148 298 504 273 283 284 235 215 330 14 269 4 5 27

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 113 -------------------------------- 2 737 59 842 146 305 146 305 141 025 110 283 5 280 5 6 (Z)

90 to 99 percent specialization 28 ---------------------------- 1 325 34 360 83 520 78 722 79 748 61 423 3 772 6 6 18

80 to 89 percent specialization 6 ---------------------------- 323 10 595 23 822 19 432 (D) 13 985 (D) 14 10 (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization 9 ---------------------------- 147 4 613 11 468 8 393 (D) 8 620 (D) 19 18 (D)

60 to 69 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 293 5 550 28 434 17 765 (D) 17 236 (D) 23 33 (D)

51 to 59 percent specialization *6 ---------------------------- *91 2 188 *4 955 *2 667 *4 955 *3 783 – 41 45 –

SHIPS

All establishments specializing in type 40 ------------- 1 729 28 883 82 581 68 841 75 756 56 010 6 825 7 4 3

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 37 -------------------------------- (D) (D) 39 400 39 400 (D) 32 022 (D) (D) 8 (D)

90 to 99 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

80 to 89 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) – (D) (D) –

70 to 79 percent specialization – ---------------------------- –––––– ––––

60 to 69 percent specialization – ---------------------------- –––––– ––––

51 to 59 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PAINTING AND PAPER HANGINGnn11–11
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Table 9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment for Establishments With Payroll by

State: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Construction workers1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for columnm Number of

establishments

Average

number of

construction

workers

January

to March

April

to June

July

to September

October

to December

A B C D E FABCDE F

United States 31 ----------- 920 136 427 115 216 141 506 158 841 130 145 1 1 1 1 1 1

Alabama 374 ------------------------ 2 127 1 900 1 995 2 419 2 192 6 6 7 7 7 7 Alaska 105 -------------------------- 372 218 433 584 255 11 11 17 13 13 14 Arizona 511 ------------------------- 2 734 2 156 2 769 3 108 2 904 5 7 7 7 8 8 Arkansas 187 ----------------------- 901 859 871 1 012 863 9 12 15 12 12 11 California 4 ----------------------- 099 16 304 14 947 16 630 18 371 15 266 1 2 2 2 2 2

Colorado 647 ------------------------ 2 657 2 119 2 856 3 174 2 479 4 5 5 5 6 5 Connecticut 542 --------------------- 1 629 1 153 1 642 2 174 1 545 4 4 7 5 4 5 Delaware 128 ----------------------- 448 372 461 534 424 10 14 10 14 16 12 District of Columbia 16 -------------- 208 156 257 238 181 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) Florida 1 -------------------------- 977 7 612 7 810 7 518 7 877 7 242 3 4 4 4 5 5

Georgia 628 ------------------------- 3 516 3 223 3 641 3 889 3 310 5 5 5 5 6 5 Hawaii 162 -------------------------- 1 273 1 229 1 246 1 407 1 210 4 5 6 6 6 5 Idaho 191 --------------------------- 466 306 444 591 524 8 12 12 9 16 15 Illinois 1 -------------------------- 351 5 665 4 756 5 962 6 645 5 297 2 4 3 5 5 3 Indiana 757 ------------------------- 3 518 2 937 3 712 4 069 3 354 4 4 5 5 5 5

Iowa 362 ---------------------------- 1 324 1 171 1 353 1 561 1 214 5 8 10 8 7 9 Kansas 312 ------------------------- 1 171 1 117 1 194 1 286 1 089 6 8 9 9 8 9 Kentucky 361 ------------------------ 1 796 1 486 1 840 2 123 1 737 6 8 9 7 8 8 Louisiana 291 ----------------------- 3 099 2 704 3 255 3 388 3 050 5 4 6 5 5 5 Maine 171 -------------------------- 482 329 462 614 524 8 11 12 11 12 15

Maryland 762 ------------------------ 4 244 3 162 4 948 5 060 3 807 4 6 4 10 9 4 Massachusetts 712 ------------------ 2 539 1 721 2 717 3 319 2 398 4 4 5 4 5 5 Michigan 926 ------------------------ 3 668 2 975 3 742 4 428 3 526 3 6 6 5 6 7 Minnesota 466 ----------------------- 1 881 1 451 1 913 2 414 1 748 5 6 6 6 6 8 Mississippi 211 ---------------------- 811 786 818 858 784 8 10 11 10 10 10

Missouri 774 ------------------------ 2 994 2 584 3 091 3 412 2 888 3 4 5 4 4 5 Montana 114 ------------------------ 359 241 370 468 357 8 12 14 14 14 14 Nebraska 194 ----------------------- 773 682 803 831 776 8 9 12 8 9 10 Nevada 140 ------------------------- 641 573 643 825 525 11 9 10 9 14 9 New Hampshire 183 ----------------- 435 208 510 601 422 6 13 15 14 15 13

New Jersey 1 --------------------- 049 3 523 2 586 3 633 4 300 3 572 3 4 4 4 4 4 New Mexico 158 --------------------- 511 427 516 546 558 7 8 10 9 10 10 New York 2 ----------------------- 092 9 382 6 843 10 456 11 913 8 316 2 3 3 3 3 3 North Carolina 1 ------------------- 132 4 084 3 720 4 192 4 441 3 984 4 5 5 5 5 5 North Dakota 72 -------------------- 319 221 309 426 321 13 14 17 17 13 15

Ohio 1 ---------------------------- 369 5 405 3 964 5 585 6 859 5 212 3 4 5 4 4 4

Oklahoma 306 ----------------------- 1 082 948 1 100 1 181 1 100 6 7 9 8 6 8

Oregon 480 ------------------------- 1 684 1 536 1 674 1 970 1 555 4 7 7 8 8 7

Pennsylvania 1 -------------------- 372 6 192 4 938 6 222 7 417 6 192 3 4 4 4 4 4

Rhode Island 186 -------------------- 449 267 466 575 486 2 10 12 9 11 13

South Carolina 475 ------------------ 1 824 1 768 1 863 1 929 1 737 3 8 9 8 8 8

South Dakota 106 ------------------- 336 285 370 430 260 13 11 13 14 14 10

Tennessee 405 ---------------------- 2 166 2 023 2 174 2 370 2 098 3 4 5 5 5 6

Texas 1 -------------------------- 613 10 846 9 406 11 348 11 961 10 668 2 3 3 3 4 3

Utah 234 ---------------------------- 918 791 989 1 002 889 7 11 13 14 12 11

Vermont 139 ------------------------ 362 214 383 533 317 7 13 17 15 12 13

Virginia 1 ------------------------- 156 4 640 4 185 4 824 5 058 4 493 3 4 4 4 4 4

Washington 1 --------------------- 000 3 825 3 208 3 945 4 675 3 474 3 6 5 7 8 6

West Virginia 95 -------------------- 262 210 269 330 240 15 22 26 22 19 21

Wisconsin 748 ----------------------- 2 713 2 181 2 820 3 325 2 527 4 5 6 6 6 5

Wyoming 79 ------------------------ 254 166 274 318 256 6 14 12 14 17 17

1Construction workers during pay periods including 12th of March, May, August, and November.

11–12nnPAINTING AND PAPER HANGING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 10. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Location of

Construction Work: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of construction work

1992

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Construction work done by

establishments located in

this State

Construction work done by

establishments not located

in this State

Value of

construction

work done in

this State Number

Value of

construction

work Number

Value of

construction

work

1987

value of

construction

work done in

this State

Percent

change

1987

(col F)

to

1992

(col A)

A B C D E F G A CE

United States 8 ----------------------------------------------- 689 828 31 692 7 911 831 4 051 777 997 7 953 323 9.3 1 1 2

Alabama------------------------------------------------------------- 139 994 (S) 112 251 92 27 742 90 792 54.2 5 6 13

Alaska -------------------------------------------------------------- 39 419 105 30 462 6 8 956 23 979 64.4 6 8 (Z)

Arizona-------------------------------------------------------------- 147 346 509 144 635 25 2 712 105 537 39.6 7 7 14

Arkansas ------------------------------------------------------------ 57 097 187 48 783 33 8 314 42 752 33.6 12 13 30

California ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 165 925 4 083 1 145 784 85 20 142 1 136 578 2.6 2 2 5

Colorado ------------------------------------------------------------ 143 441 644 140 177 30 3 264 102 953 39.3 6 6 17

Connecticut ---------------------------------------------------------- 127 439 541 107 897 111 19 542 180 211 –29.3 5 6 11

Delaware ------------------------------------------------------------ 33 152 120 21 761 78 11 390 34 723 –4.5 10 12 18

District of Columbia 40 --------------------------------------------------- 473 (S) 8 616 157 31 857 50 091 –19.2 9 (Z) 12

Florida -------------------------------------------------------------- 466 359 1 977 423 297 116 43 062 415 140 12.3 4 4 5

Georgia ------------------------------------------------------------- 188 870 620 168 763 107 20 106 198 111 –4.7 9 10 19

Hawaii--------------------------------------------------------------- 125 018 162 112 046 *23 12 972 91 242 37.0 3 3 10

Idaho --------------------------------------------------------------- 27 107 191 24 926 50 2 182 7 439 264.4 10 10 30

Illinois --------------------------------------------------------------- 417 812 1 348 378 336 145 39 476 417 688 – 3 3 4

Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------- 203 383 753 180 682 125 22 702 145 666 39.6 4 5 15

Iowa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 83 791 361 67 823 76 15 969 44 835 86.9 9 9 27

Kansas -------------------------------------------------------------- 76 304 307 55 405 120 20 898 61 878 23.3 6 7 9

Kentucky ------------------------------------------------------------ 94 581 357 83 829 97 10 751 69 991 35.1 6 7 10

Louisiana ------------------------------------------------------------ 190 779 291 162 917 55 27 862 145 012 31.6 3 3 4

Maine --------------------------------------------------------------- 24 764 166 22 894 21 1 870 40 432 –38.8 10 10 22

Maryland ------------------------------------------------------------ 198 011 749 164 091 174 33 920 215 476 –8.1 4 5 9

Massachusetts 169 ------------------------------------------------------- 892 704 159 590 88 10 301 274 492 –38.1 5 5 12

Michigan------------------------------------------------------------- 267 918 925 253 609 69 14 309 303 461 –11.7 5 5 10

Minnesota ----------------------------------------------------------- 142 168 466 135 429 61 6 739 134 020 6.1 6 6 18

Mississippi ----------------------------------------------------------- 46 155 211 32 880 58 13 275 32 210 43.3 9 12 6

Missouri ------------------------------------------------------------- 173 113 764 160 716 104 12 397 177 415 –2.4 4 4 14

Montana------------------------------------------------------------- 24 783 114 21 082 21 3 701 6 890 259.7 12 13 10

Nebraska ------------------------------------------------------------ 46 117 194 43 959 30 2 157 36 286 27.1 8 8 21

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------------- 46 685 140 40 422 47 6 263 36 709 27.2 11 11 27

New Hampshire 27 ------------------------------------------------------ 053 183 24 943 48 2 110 43 191 –37.4 12 12 32

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------------- 252 716 1 035 218 588 199 34 128 281 748 –10.3 3 4 5

New Mexico --------------------------------------------------------- 27 405 158 23 971 *27 3 433 32 421 –15.5 7 7 26

New York------------------------------------------------------------ 630 086 2 090 600 373 219 29 713 667 947 –5.7 3 3 10 North Carolina 236 ------------------------------------------------------- 474 1 123 210 448 109 26 026 170 999 38.3 4 4 11 North Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 15 996 72 13 568 11 2 428 14 583 9.7 17 20 9

Ohio ---------------------------------------------------------------- 364 513 1 357 340 445 115 24 068 298 031 22.3 4 4 16 Oklahoma ----------------------------------------------------------- 61 088 306 53 288 37 7 801 40 372 51.3 8 9 11 Oregon -------------------------------------------------------------- 102 677 480 90 313 37 12 364 72 613 41.4 6 6 1 Pennsylvania 358 --------------------------------------------------------- 674 1 350 335 044 165 23 630 335 947 6.8 4 4 8 Rhode Island--------------------------------------------------------- 32 735 182 24 657 41 8 078 41 566 –21.2 6 8 6

South Carolina 104 ------------------------------------------------------- 377 475 84 644 98 19 733 109 559 –4.7 7 8 13 South Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 17 962 98 15 666 32 2 296 8 072 122.5 12 13 26 Tennessee----------------------------------------------------------- 129 722 397 114 313 99 15 409 104 976 23.6 4 5 6 Texas --------------------------------------------------------------- 648 795 1 604 618 037 109 30 759 458 341 41.6 4 4 17 Utah ---------------------------------------------------------------- 50 741 233 47 327 27 3 413 32 542 55.9 10 10 34

Vermont ------------------------------------------------------------- 16 671 134 15 177 28 1 493 23 577 –29.3 12 13 17 Virginia -------------------------------------------------------------- 271 612 1 140 221 386 168 50 226 293 278 –7.4 3 4 3 Washington ---------------------------------------------------------- 228 332 1 000 219 815 77 8 518 155 415 46.9 4 4 12 West Virginia--------------------------------------------------------- 20 657 95 12 940 78 7 718 22 755 –9.2 13 20 11 Wisconsin ----------------------------------------------------------- 169 363 732 162 910 80 6 454 114 686 47.7 5 5 5 Wyoming ------------------------------------------------------------ 14 283 79 10 917 41 3 367 8 669 64.8 11 14 20

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PAINTING AND PAPER HANGINGnn11–13
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Table 11. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by

Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this specific industry.

These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see

appendixes]

Primary and other kind of business activities

Dollar value of business done Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

All kinds of business 8 ------------------------------------- 739 774 8 027 973 1 1

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS

Bridge painting contractor 220 ------------------------------------------ 343 156 596 5 10

Drywall, sheetrock, spackling and finishing contractor 42 ----------------- 971 45 480 7 5

Painting contractor ------------------------------------------------ 6 961 779 6 362 909 1 1

Paper hanging contractor 694 ------------------------------------------ 145 723 624 2 2

Ship painting contractor-------------------------------------------- 86 165 69 912 3 6

Traffic lane painting contractor 321 ------------------------------------- 144 171 005 5 7

Other construction activities 295 ---------------------------------------- 565 221 710 4 (NA)

Other business activities ------------------------------------------- 44 084 97 128 7 (NA)

Kind of business activity, n.s.k. 73 ------------------------------------- 579 179 607 7 6

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Table 12. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

1992 1987

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

for 1992

AVERAGE PER ESTABLISHMENT

Number of employees**---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.1 5.7 1 Number of construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.3 4.9 (Z)

Number of all other employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- .8 .8 1 Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 99.1 99.7 (Z)

Payroll, construction workers------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 77.4 79.9 1 Payroll, other employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 21.7 19.8 1

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 273.8 268.8 1 Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 272.2 266.3 1 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels do ----------------------------------------------------- -- 71.7 60.4 1 Construction work subcontracted to others do ------------------------------------------------------------ -- 18.6 17.0 4 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings do --------------------------------------------------- -- 5.0 4.1 2 Capital expenditures, other than land ----------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 4.5 4.9 4 Gross book value of depreciable assets do -------------------------------------------------------------- -- 34.0 29.3 2

AVERAGE PER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 19.5 17.5 (Z)

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 53.8 47.2 1

Value added†† ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 36.0 33.6 1

AVERAGE PER CONSTRUCTION WORKER

Payroll, construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 18.1 16.4 (Z)

Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 63.7 54.7 1

AVERAGE PER OTHER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, other employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------ $1,000-- 26.5 24.1 1

AVERAGE PER DOLLAR VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

Payroll, all employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .364 .375 (Z)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels---------------------------------------------------------- .264 .227 1

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others ------------------------------------------------------ .068 .064 3

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others ---------------------------------------------------- .516 .428 2

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings -------------------------------------------------------- .018 .016 2

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PAINTING AND PAPER HANGINGnn11–15
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Table 13. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Average per dollar value of construction work

Average

number of

employees**

per establishment

Payroll

per

employee

($1,000)

Value of

construction

work per

construction

worker

($1,000)

Payroll,

all employees

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies,

and fuels

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

Value of

construction

work subcontracted

in from others

Rental

cost for

machinery,

equipment,

and

buildings

United States 5.1 -------------------------------- 19.5 63.7 .364 .264 .068 .516 .018

Alabama 6.9 ---------------------------------------------- 18.9 61.1 .375 .267 .083 .610 .026

Alaska 4.1 ----------------------------------------------- 22.5 81.9 .323 .249 .074 .619 .008

Arizona 6.5 ----------------------------------------------- 16.5 55.4 .359 .310 .051 .709 .013

Arkansas 5.7 --------------------------------------------- 16.4 57.4 .334 .258 .104 .445 .012

California 4.8 --------------------------------------------- 20.9 71.3 .352 .275 .047 .581 .021

Colorado 4.7 --------------------------------------------- 16.7 54.0 .355 .309 .072 .618 .010

Connecticut 3.6 ------------------------------------------- 21.9 69.9 .375 .212 .043 .395 .013

Delaware 4.2 --------------------------------------------- 17.9 51.2 .422 .192 .093 .503 .013

District of Columbia 15.2 ------------------------------------ (D) 74.3 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Florida 4.8 ----------------------------------------------- 16.5 61.2 .336 .294 .077 .534 .023

Georgia 6.6 ---------------------------------------------- 19.1 67.7 .333 .240 .147 .563 .020

Hawaii 9.5 ------------------------------------------------ 30.6 88.0 .420 .243 .074 .569 .018

Idaho 2.8 ------------------------------------------------ 14.8 55.6 .304 .297 .026 .629 .013

Illinois 5.1 ------------------------------------------------ 26.0 74.0 .424 .237 .060 .455 .013

Indiana 5.6 ----------------------------------------------- 19.1 63.5 .364 .251 .088 .593 .015

Iowa 4.2 ------------------------------------------------- 17.3 55.4 .355 .247 *.060 .366 .007

Kansas 4.3 ----------------------------------------------- 17.8 54.1 .374 (D) .049 .603 .021

Kentucky 5.9 --------------------------------------------- 15.4 57.1 .319 .285 .137 .363 .014

Louisiana 12.2 --------------------------------------------- 19.5 58.2 .385 .248 .071 .368 .028

Maine 3.4 ------------------------------------------------ 14.7 52.9 .338 .252 .035 .425 .030

Maryland 6.4 --------------------------------------------- 18.5 52.3 .409 .267 .074 .501 .014

Massachusetts 4.3 ---------------------------------------- 20.2 64.4 .378 .229 .058 .541 .017

Michigan 4.9 ---------------------------------------------- 20.3 71.8 .348 .274 .071 .493 .020

Minnesota 5.0 -------------------------------------------- 25.0 83.9 .368 .262 .068 .572 .020

Mississippi 4.4 -------------------------------------------- 14.7 45.1 .372 (D) .041 .573 .034

Missouri 4.6 ---------------------------------------------- 22.5 63.4 .418 .266 .024 .636 .017

Montana 3.9 ---------------------------------------------- 16.1 62.6 .317 .297 .051 .432 .011

Nebraska 4.7 --------------------------------------------- 17.2 58.9 .343 .238 .056 .430 .021

Nevada 5.7 ----------------------------------------------- 20.8 70.9 .365 .312 .039 .647 .010

New Hampshire 2.9 --------------------------------------- 15.3 59.6 .309 (D) .115 .494 .011

New Jersey 3.9 ------------------------------------------- 21.7 71.1 .358 .241 .072 .441 .022

New Mexico 3.7 ------------------------------------------ 14.3 48.0 .339 .289 .027 .671 .014

New York 5.3 --------------------------------------------- 21.8 68.7 .377 .240 .061 .436 .015

North Carolina 4.4 ---------------------------------------- 16.0 53.2 .367 .264 .082 .465 (D)

North Dakota 5.1 ----------------------------------------- 18.2 64.5 .325 .312 .036 .574 .025

Ohio 4.8 ------------------------------------------------- 19.2 66.6 .349 .269 .066 .467 .019

Oklahoma 4.2 -------------------------------------------- 17.2 60.0 .338 .252 .077 .405 .011

Oregon 4.2 ----------------------------------------------- 17.3 56.3 .370 .309 .028 .655 .024 Pennsylvania 5.4 ------------------------------------------ 20.3 64.8 .372 .285 .040 .421 .020 Rhode Island 2.9 ------------------------------------------ 17.1 58.0 .359 .209 .094 .400 .012

South Carolina 4.6 ---------------------------------------- 14.8 51.0 .345 .265 .097 .505 .019 South Dakota 3.9 ----------------------------------------- 14.8 57.0 .319 .293 *.039 .499 .017 Tennessee 6.4 -------------------------------------------- 18.0 57.5 .375 .278 .060 .651 .016 Texas 7.7 ------------------------------------------------ 18.0 61.5 .336 .252 .125 .512 .018 Utah 4.7 ------------------------------------------------- 15.0 56.8 .317 .308 .025 .651 .009

Vermont 3.0 ---------------------------------------------- 15.0 44.8 .390 .258 .031 .569 .014 Virginia 4.8 ----------------------------------------------- 17.6 55.4 .380 .246 .086 .529 .015 Washington 4.5 ------------------------------------------- 19.8 61.0 .381 .283 .033 .543 .023 West Virginia 3.1 ------------------------------------------ 18.6 53.1 .393 (D) .021 (D) .029 Wisconsin 4.4 -------------------------------------------- 20.1 64.1 .379 .278 .036 .456 .013 Wyoming 3.7 --------------------------------------------- (D) 43.3 (D) (D) (D) .587 .008

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Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

Construction. Is composed of three broad categories:

1. New construction. Includes the complete, original

building of structures and essential service facilities

and the initial installation of integral equipment such as

elevators and plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning

supplies and equipment.

2. Additions, alterations, or reconstruction. Includes

construction work which adds to the value or useful life

of an existing building or structure, or which adapts a

building or structure to a new or different use. Included

are ‘‘major replacements’’ of building systems such as

the installation of a new roof or heating system and the

resurfacing of streets or highways. This contrasts to

the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching of

highways and streets, which would be classified as

maintenance and repair.

3. Maintenance and repair. Includes incidental construction work which keeps a property in ordinary working

condition. Excluded are trash and snow removal, lawn

maintenance and landscaping, and cleaning and janitorial services.

Number of establishments in business during year.

Includes all establishments that were in business at any

time during the year. It covers all full-year and part-year

operations. Construction establishments which were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

Proprietors and working partners. These data were not

collected on the census report forms. The data shown are

based on crediting each sole proprietorship establishment

with one active proprietor and each partnership establishment with two working partners.

All employees. Comprises all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of construction establishments who

worked or received pay for any part of the pay period

including the 12th of March, May, August, and November.

Included are all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays,

and paid vacations during these pay periods. Officers of

corporations are included, but proprietors and partners of

unincorporated firms are not.

All employees is the sum of all employees during the

pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and

November, divided by 4.

Construction workers. Includes all workers up through

the working supervisor level directly engaged in construction operations, such as painters, carpenters, plumbers,

and electricians. Included are journeymen, mechanics,

apprentices, laborers, truck drivers and helpers, equipment

operators, and on-site record keepers and security guards.

Supervisory employees above the working foreman level

are excluded from this category but are included in the

‘‘other employees’’ category.

Other employees. Includes employees in executive,

purchasing, accounting, personnel, professional, and

technical activities, as well as routine office functions.

Also included are supervisory employees above the

working foreman level.

Payroll. Includes the gross earnings paid in the calendar

year 1992 to all employees on the payroll of construction

establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such

as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,

vacation and sick leave pay, prior to such deductions as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding taxes,

group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a

corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or

partners, if unincorporated.

Fringe benefits. Represents expenditures made by the

employer during 1992 for legally required and voluntary

fringe benefit programs for employees.

Legally required contributions. Includes Social Security contributions, unemployment compensation, worker’s

compensation, and State temporary disability payments.

Voluntary payments. Includes life insurance premiums, pension plans, insurance premiums on hospital

and medical plans, welfare plans, and union negotiated benefits.

Dollar value of business done comprises the following

detail:

Value of construction work done. Includes all

value of construction work done during 1992 for

construction work performed by general contractors

and special trades contractors. Included is new construction, additions and alterations or reconstruction,

and maintenance and repair construction work. Also

included is the value of any construction work done

by the reporting establishments for themselves.

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Speculative builders were instructed to include the

value of buildings and other structures built or being

built for sale in 1992 but not sold. They were to

include the costs of such construction plus normal

profit. Also included is the cost of construction work

done on buildings for rent or lease.

Establishments engaged in the sale and installation

of such construction components as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber and building materials; paint, glass, and

wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators or escalators were instructed to include both the

value for the installation and the receipts covering the

price of the items installed.

Excluded was the cost of industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment which are not an

integral part of a structure.

Other business receipts. Includes business receipts

not reported as value of construction work done. The

item includes business receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment, manufacturing, transportation, legal service, insurance, finance, rental of

property and other real estate operations, and other

nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately

definable architectural and engineering work for others are also included here.

Excluded was the value of construction work done and

receipts from other business operations in foreign countries and non-operating income such as interest and

dividends.

Net value of construction work. Derived for each establishment by subtracting the costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others from the value of construction

work done. (For a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in

Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Value added. Derived for each establishment, value

added is equal to dollar value of business done, less costs

for construction work subcontracted out to others, and

costs for materials, components, supplies, and fuels. (For

a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Selected costs. Represents the costs for materials,

components, and supplies; costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others; and costs for selected power,

fuels, and lubricants. Capital expenditures and rental costs

for machinery, equipment, and structures are shown elsewhere.

Costs for materials, components, and supplies include:

• total costs to reporting establishments during 1992 for

the purchase of all materials, components, and supplies,

except fuels. (Supplies include expendable tools which

are charged to current accounts.)

• freight and other direct charges representing only amount

paid after discounts, and the value of materials, components, and supplies obtained from other establishments

of the respondent’s company.

• costs for materials, components, and supplies used by

the reporting establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings/ structures for themselves which

are chargeable to their fixed assets accounts, as well as

costs for materials bought and resold to others.

• costs made for direct purchases of materials, components, and supplies even though the purchases were

subsequently provided to subcontractors for their use.

Excluded from this item are:

• industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment such as printing presses and computer systems,

which are not an integral part of a structure.

• materials furnished to contractors by the owners of

projects.

Costs for construction work subcontracted out to others

include:

• all costs during 1992 for construction work subcontracted out to other construction contractors.

Excluded from this item are:

• the costs to the reporting establishment for its purchases of materials, components, and supplies provided

to a subcontractor for use. Such costs are reported

under, ‘‘costs for materials, components, and supplies.’’

• costs for the rental of machinery or equipment.

Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants include:

• costs for fuels, lubricants, and electric energy purchased

during the year from other companies or received from

other establishments of the company.

• costs for natural and manufactured gas, fuel oil, coal,

and coke products.

Rental costs for machinery, equipment, and buildings.

Includes all costs during 1992 for renting or leasing

construction machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, production equipment, office equipment, furniture

and fixtures, scaffolding, office space, and buildings. It

excludes costs for the rental of land. It also excludes costs

under agreements which, in effect, are conditional sales

contracts such as capital leases. Such costs are included

in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Selected purchased services. Includes all costs during

1992 for communication services purchased from other

companies or from other establishments of the company. It

also includes the cost of all repairs made to structures and

equipment by outside companies or from other establishments of the same company. It includes only the cost of

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repair necessary to maintain property and equipment. It

excludes the cost of improvements that increase the value

of property or the cost of adapting it for another use. Such

costs are included in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Assets and depreciation. Refers to the original cost of all

fixed tangible assets such as buildings and other structures (offices and shops); stationary machinery (generators and shop equipment); mobile machinery (tractors and

trucks); and other equipment (office furniture and fixtures).

Not included are such items as current assets, depletable

assets, intangible assets, and nondepreciable assets.

Data on assets and depreciation were collected separately for: (1) buildings and other structures, additions, and

related facilities; and (2) machinery and equipment.

Respondents were also asked to report capitalized

expenditures, depreciation charges, and the gross value

of assets sold, retired, scrapped, and destroyed during

1992.

Capital expenditures. Refers to all costs actually incurred

during 1992 which were or would be chargeable to the

fixed assets accounts of the reporting establishments and

which were of the type for which depreciation accounts are

ordinarily maintained. These expenditures cover the acquisition, the construction, and the major alteration of the

reporting establishment’s own buildings and other structures, whether purchased, constructed under contract, or

constructed by the reporting establishment’s own forces;

and the acquisition of machinery and equipment.

If leasing arrangements met the criteria set down by the

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) for a capital

lease, respondents were instructed to report the original

cost or market value of that equipment or building as a

fixed asset and capital expenditure if acquired during 1992.

If capital expenditures were not recorded directly at the

establishment level but handled centrally at the company

or division level, respondents were requested to report

appropriate estimates for the individual establishments.

Inventories. Includes all of the materials and supplies

that are owned regardless of where they are held. Excludes

materials which are owned by others, but held by the

reporting establishment.

Builders who built on their own account for sale were

requested to exclude work in progress and finished units

not sold from inventories.

Inventories of multiestablishment companies were instructed to be reported by the establishment that is

responsible for the inventories even if these inventories

were held at a separate location.

Ownership of construction projects. Shows the distribution of the value of construction work done by ownership

of the project; that is, Government owned or privately

owned. This classification relates to the ownership of the

projects or work undertaken during the construction phase.

Government owned projects are shown separately for

Federal and State and local governments.

Value of construction work subcontracted in from

others. Includes the value of construction work during

1992 for work done by reporting establishments as subcontractors. Establishments were asked to report the

approximate percent of total value of construction work

accounted for by such work, and the percentages reported

were applied to the reported value of construction work to

develop a value for this item.

Types of construction. Provides data by the types of

buildings, structures, or other facilities being constructed

or worked on by construction establishments in 1992.

Respondents were instructed that each building, structure,

or other facility should be classified in terms of its function.

For example, a restaurant building was to be classified in

the restaurant category whether it was designed as a

commercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an

educational institution. If respondents worked on more

than one type of building or structure in a multibuilding

complex, they were instructed to report separately for each

building or type of structure. If they worked on a building

that had more than one purpose; i.e, office and residential,

or commercial, they were to classify the building by major

purpose.

In addition, all respondents were requested to report the

percentage of the value of construction work done for new

construction, additions, alterations, or reconstruction, and

maintenance and repair work for each of these types. See

the definition of ‘‘Construction’’ for the meanings of these

terms.

Building construction:

• Single-family houses, detached. Includes all residential buildings constructed for one family use.

• Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses

and townhouse-type condominiums. Includes all residential buildings with two or more living quarters side by

side, completely independent of one another, and separated by an unbroken party or lot line wall from ground to

roof.

• Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type condominiums, and cooperatives. Includes high-rise, low-rise, or any structures

containing two or more housing units other than attached

single-family houses.

• Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins. Includes hotels,

motels, bed and breakfast inns, and tourist cabins

intended for transient accommodations. Also included

are hotel and motel conference centers.

• Other residential buildings. Includes dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, and other nonhousekeeping

residential structures.

• Office buildings. Includes all buildings which are used

primarily for office space or for government administrative offices. Also included are banks or financial buildings which are three stories or more. Medical office

buildings are reported under hospitals and institutional

buildings.

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• Other commercial buildings, such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations. Includes all

buildings which are intended for use primarily in the retail

and service trades. For example, shopping centers,

department stores, drug stores, restaurants, public garages,

auto service stations, and one or two story bank or

financial institutions.

• Industrial buildings. Includes all industrial buildings

and plants which are used to house production and

assembly activities. Note that industrial parks should be

classified under its primary usage such as warehouses,

office space, commercial or industrial type buildings.

Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, and chemical complexes are not included

in this category but are reported under nonbuilding

construction.

• Warehouses. Includes commercial warehouses, cold

storage plants, grain elevators, mini-warehouses, and

other such storage buildings.

• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings which are

intended for religious services or functions such as

churches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, and seminaries.

• Educational buildings. Includes all buildings which are

used directly in administrative and instructional activities

such as colleges, universities, elementary and secondary schools, correspondence, commercial, and trade

schools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as well as

laboratories which are not a part of a manufacturing or

commercial establishment, are also included.

• Hospitals and institutional buildings. Includes medical office buildings and all other buildings which are

intended to provide hospital and institutional care such

as clinics, infirmaries, sanitariums, nursing homes, homes

for the aged, and orphanages.

• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresidential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses, implement sheds, and farm silos.

• Amusement, social, and recreational buildings. Includes buildings which are used primarily for entertainment, social, and recreational activities such as sports

arenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golf

and country club buildings, skating rinks, fitness centers,

bowling alleys, and indoor swimming pools.

• Other nonresidential buildings. Includes nonresidential buildings which are not classified elsewhere such as

fire stations, post offices, bus and air passenger terminals and hangars, and prisons.

Nonbuilding construction:

• Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guardrails, highway signs, and lighting. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, curbs and gutters, culverts, right-of-way drainage, erosion control, and

lighting. Also includes earthwork protective structures

when used in connection with road improvements.

• Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools and

reflecting pools.

• Airport runways and related work. Includes runways,

taxiways, aprons, and related work.

• Private driveways and parking areas. Includes all

nonstructural parking areas and private driveways of all

surface types.

• Fencing. Includes all types of fencing.

• Recreationalfacilities. Includes athletic fields,golf courses,

outdoor tennis courts, trails, and camps.

• Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, and

water distribution tunnels.

• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaducts

and overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and causeways built on structural supports.

• Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelectric, water supply, and flood control dams and reservoirs.

• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwater

rock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, and

locks.

• Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, and

wharves.

• Conservation and development construction. Includes

land reclamation, irrigation projects, drainage canals,

levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood control projects.

• Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities. Includes electric power lines,

telephone and telegraph lines, fiber optic cables, cable

television lines, television and radio towers, and electric

light and power facilities.

• Sewers, sewerlines, septic tanks, and related facilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers, pumping stations, septic systems, and related facilities.

• Water mains and related facilities. Includes water

supply systems, pumping stations, and related facilities.

• Pipeline construction other than sewer or

waterlines. Includes pipelines for the transmission of

gas, petroleum products, and liquefied gases.

• Urban mass transit. Includes subways, trollies, street

cars, and light rail systems.

• Railroad construction. Includes the construction of

railroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and signal towers for

systems other than urban mass transit.

• Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and mining appurtenances such as tipples and washeries.

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• Power plants, nuclear. Includes atomic energy plants

and nuclear reactors.

• Power plants, and cogeneration plants, except nuclear. Includes electric and steam generating plants and

cogenerating plants.

• Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatment

and waste disposal plants.

• Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration and

water softening plants.

• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working on

ships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners,

electricians, etc.

• Other nonbuilding construction. Includes all types of

nonbuilding construction not included elsewhere.

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Appendix B.

Standard Industrial Classification Titles for

Industry Groups and Industries

SIC

code Industry titles

15 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—GENERAL

CONTRACTORS AND OPERATIVE

BUILDERS

152 General Building Contractors—Residential

Buildings

1521 General Contractors—Single-Family Houses

1522 General Contractors—Residential Buildings,

Other Than Single-Family

153 Operative Builders

1531 Operative Builders

154 General Building Contractors—Nonresidential

Buildings

1541 General Contractors—Industrial Buildings and

Warehouses

1542 General Contractors—Nonresidential Buildings,

Other Than Industrial Buildings and Warehouses

16 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—

CONTRACTORS

161 Highway and Street Construction, Except

Elevated Highways

1611 Highway and Street Construction Contractors,

Except Elevated Highways

162 Heavy Construction, Except Highway and

Street Construction

1622 Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway

Construction Contractors

1623 Water, Sewer, Pipeline, and Communications

and Power Line Construction Contractors

1629 Heavy Construction Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS

171 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

1711 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

172 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

1721 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

SIC

code Industry titles

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS—Con.

173 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

1731 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

174 Masonry, Stone Work, Tile Setting, and

Plastering Special Trade Contractors

1741 Masonry, Stone Setting, and Other Stone

Work Special Trade Contractors

1742 Plastering, Drywall, Acoustical, and Insulation

Work Special Trade Contractors

1743 Terrazzo, Tile, Marble, and Mosaic Work

Special Trade Contractors

175 Carpentry and Floor Work Special Trade

Contractors

1751 Carpentry Work Special Trade Contractors

1752 Floor Laying and Other Floor Work Special

Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

176 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

1761 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

177 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

1771 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

178 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

1781 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

179 Miscellaneous Special Trade Contractors

1791 Structural Steel Erection Special Trade

Contractors

1793 Glass and Glazing Work Special Trade

Contractors

1794 Excavation Work Special Trade Contractors

1795 Wrecking and Demolition Work Special

Trade Contractors

1796 Installation or Erection of Building Equipment,

Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

1799 Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

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Appendix C.

Geographic Divisions and States

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey

New York

Pennsylvania

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois

Indiana

Michigan

Ohio

Wisconsin

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa

Kansas

Minnesota

Missouri

Nebraska

North Dakota

South Dakota

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Maryland

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES—Con.

North Carolina

South Carolina

Virginia

West Virginia

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama

Kentucky

Mississippi

Tennessee

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Texas

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona

Colorado

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

Utah

Wyoming

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska

California

Hawaii

Oregon

Washington

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1992 CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES

The Census of Construction Industries is taken once

every 5 years. The census covers all establishments

engaged in construction, including:

• Building contractors

• Heavy construction contractors

• Special trade contractors (including plumbers, carpenters, painters, electricians)

Data products in the census of construction industries are

issued in four publication series and in three media:

Printed reports [P]

CD-ROM [C]

Highlights online [+ ]

Preliminary Industry Series

(CC92-I-1(P) to -27(P))

(Available July 1994 through January 1995) [P] [C]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing national statistics for establishments with payroll. Statistics shown for 1992 include:

• Number of establishments

• Number of employees

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done, by type of structure

• Selected operating costs

Final Industry Series

(CC92-I-1 to -27)

(Available April 1995 through August 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing statistics for the Nation and individual States on establishments with payroll. These reports

update figures from the preliminary industry series (employment, payroll, value of construction, etc.) and provide

measures of the following:

• Capital expenditures

• Inventories

• Industry profiles

• Assets

• Depreciation

• And much more

Geographic Area Series

(CC92-A-1 to -10)

(Available August 1995 through December 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Nine reports on the construction industries, representing each census geographic division, and a U.S. summary

report. Regional reports provide detailed data for States

and metropolitan areas.

Subject Report—Legal Form of Organization

and Type of Operation (CC92-S-1)

(Available August 1995) [P] [C]

One report providing selected national statistics for

each industry by legal form of organization and type of

operation. This report includes data for establishments

with and without payroll. Data in this report include—

• Employment

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done

• Selected operating costs

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUS REPORTS

The census of construction industries is part of the 1992

Economic Census. The economic census is conducted at

5-year intervals in years ending in 2 and 7 and consists of

eight separate censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

...plus several related programs: enterprise statistics; information on minority-owned and women-owned businesses;

and the census of outlying areas, including separate

economic census of Puerto Rico and other outlying areas.

The census of agriculture and census of governments are

conducted separately.

HOW TO ORDER DATA PRODUCTS

Order forms for the specific reports and other data

products may be obtained from Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300. If you have any questions, call

Census Customer Services 1-301-457-4100.

Publication Program