Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this

Memorandum Decision shall not be 

regarded as precedent or cited before any 

court except for the purpose of establishing 

the defense of res judicata, collateral 

estoppel, or the law of the case.

 

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

TIMOTHY E. STUCKY DAVID E. COREY

Blume, Connelly, Jordan, Stucky & Lauer, LLP ROBERT J. HENKE

Fort Wayne, Indiana DCS Central Administration

Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

IN RE THE TERMINATION OF THE )

PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP OF: )

)

T.B., M.B., and L.B., (Minor Children), )

)

AND )

)

J.B., (Father), )

)

Appellant-Respondent, )

)

vs. ) No. 02A03-1207-JT-336

)

INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF )

CHILD SERVICES, )

)

Appellee-Petitioner. )

)

APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT 

The Honorable William L. Briggs, Senior Judge

Cause Nos. 02D08-1111-JT-173, 02D08-1111-JT-175 & 02D08-1111-JT-176

February 13, 2013
2

MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

VAIDIK, Judge

Case Summary

J.B. (“Father”) appeals the involuntary termination of his parental rights to his 

children, T.B., M.B., and L.B. Concluding that the trial court’s findings failed to satisfy 

the requirements of Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b), we reverse the court’s judgment 

as to Father and remand with instructions that the trial court enter additional findings to 

support its judgment.

Facts and Procedural History

Father is the biological father of T.B., born in September 2007, M.B., born in July 

2008, and L.B., born in December 2009.1 In January 2010, the local Allen County office 

of the Indiana Department of Child Services (“ACDCS”) took the children into 

emergency protective custody following an episode of domestic violence involving 

Mother, Father, and the maternal grandparents.2 The incident, which occurred in the 

family home in the presence of the children, resulted in Father being arrested on battery 

charges and both grandparents being transported to the hospital for medical treatment 

 

1 Before the underlying proceedings, Father executed paternity affidavits for T.B., M.B., and L.B. 

See State’s Ex. 10-12.

2 A fourth child, Ju.R., was also taken into emergency protective custody by ACDCS. Father, 

however, is not the biological father of this child. Ju.R. is therefore not subject to this appeal. In 

addition, we observe that the trial court terminated the children’s biological mother’s parental rights to all 

four children in its May 2012 termination order. Because Mother does not participate in this appeal, our 

decision today does not affect the trial court’s termination order as to Mother. In addition, we limit our 

recitation of the facts to those pertinent solely to Father’s appeal of the trial court’s judgment terminating 

his parental rights to T.B., M.B., and L.B.
3

because Father had broken the grandmother’s nose, “bloodied” her eye requiring twelve 

stitches, and repeatedly “stomp[ed]” the grandfather’s head “into the floor.” Tr. p. 46.

Several days later, ACDCS returned the children to Mother’s care after she agreed 

to abide by a safety plan which provided, in part, that neither Mother nor the children 

would have any contact with Father. ACDCS also filed petitions alleging that T.B., 

M.B., and L.B. were children in need of services (“CHINS”). In February 2010, ACDCS 

learned that Mother had taken the children to Angola, Indiana, where the family was 

living with Father in a hotel. A writ for removal of the children from Mother’s care was 

issued because Mother had violated the terms of the safety plan. When ACDCS 

attempted to remove the children, however, the family could not be located.

Based on Father’s previous comments that he was going to “make it worth his 

while to go to prison and kill everyone,” ACDCS feared for the safety of Mother and the 

children. Id. at 56. ACDCS therefore conducted “extensive searches” for the family in 

Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Ohio, but the searches were unsuccessful. Id. ACDCS 

also filed missing persons reports on Mother and all the children. 

In June 2010, law enforcement officers in Arkansas responded to a domestic 

dispute call involving the parents and during the encounter determined that Mother and 

the children were missing persons. The children were taken into protective custody, 

returned to Indiana, and placed in foster care. Mother thereafter admitted to the 

allegations in an amended CHINS petition in September 2010 and the children were so 

adjudicated.
4

During a hearing in December 2010, Father admitted that the children were 

CHINS, and the trial court proceeded to disposition.3 The trial court then entered 

dispositional orders formally removing the children from Father’s legal care and custody. 

The trial court’s dispositional orders also incorporated a Parent Participation Plan 

(“PPP”) which directed Father to successfully complete a variety of tasks and services 

designed to address his parenting deficiencies. Among other things, Father was ordered 

to: (1) refrain from all criminal activity; (2) maintain clean, safe, and appropriate 

sustainable housing at all times upon release from the Indiana Department of Correction 

(“IDOC”); (3) enroll in, successfully complete, and benefit from anger management, drug 

and alcohol, and parenting classes while incarcerated if available; (4) obtain and maintain 

suitable employment upon release from the IDOC; (5) obey the terms of his parole upon 

his release from incarceration; and (6) follow the rules of the no-contact order.

Father remained incarcerated until May 2011. Although Father participated in

substance-abuse, anger-management, and parenting classes while incarcerated, within the 

first several months of his release, Father was facing new battery and drug-related 

charges. This renewed criminal activity resulted in Father’s arrest and re-incarceration 

for violating the conditions of his parole. As a result, Father remained unavailable to care 

for the children for all but approximately three to five months of the underlying CHINS 

case.

ACDCS eventually filed amended petitions under separate cause numbers seeking 

the involuntary termination of Father’s parental rights to all three children in December 

 

3 At the time of the December 2010 dispositional hearing, Father was incarcerated and 

participated in the hearing telephonically.
5

2011. A two-day consolidated evidentiary hearing on the termination petitions was held 

in March 2012. During the hearing, ACDCS presented considerable evidence regarding 

Father’s significant criminal history, ongoing incarceration, and failure to benefit from 

the anger-management and substance-abuse classes he participated in while incarcerated, 

as evidenced by his subsequent arrests and re-incarceration in the summer and fall of 

2011. Father, on the other hand, presented uncontroverted evidence demonstrating that

he had maintained regular contact with ACDCS throughout the underlying proceedings

despite his incarcerations, completed nearly all the court-ordered reunification services 

including a psychological evaluation, parenting classes, anger-management classes, and 

was only eight hours short of completing the third phase of a substance-abuse counseling 

program. Father also informed the trial court that he had obtained his GED while 

incarcerated, was scheduled to be released from incarceration in July 2012, and had 

already secured housing for himself and the children upon his release. Finally, Father 

testified that he was no longer in a relationship with Mother, could not remember the last 

time he spoke with her, and was unaware of her current whereabouts. 

At the conclusion of the termination hearing, the trial court took the matter under 

advisement. In May 2012, the court issued its judgment terminating Father’s parental 

rights to all three children. Father now appeals.

Discussion and Decision

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the 

traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children. In re I.A., 934 

N.E.2d 1127, 1132 (Ind. 2010). “A parent’s interest in the care, custody, and control of 
6

his or her children is ‘perhaps the oldest of the fundamental liberty issues.’” Id. (quoting 

Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 65 (2000)). “Indeed[,] the parent-child relationship is 

‘one of the most valued relationships in our culture.’” Id. (quoting Neal v. DeKalb Cnty. 

Div. of Family & Children, 796 N.E.2d 280, 285 (Ind. 2003)). Nevertheless, parental 

rights are “not absolute and must be subordinated to the child’s interests when 

determining the proper disposition of a petition to terminate parental rights.” Id. (citing 

In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 264-65 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied). Thus, parental 

rights may be terminated when the parents are unable or unwilling to meet their parental 

responsibilities. Id. The purpose of terminating parental rights, however, is not to punish 

the parent, but to protect the child. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), 

trans. denied.

When reviewing the termination of parental rights, we will not reweigh the 

evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. D.D., 804 N.E.2d at 265. Instead, we 

consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that are most favorable to the 

judgment. Id. Here, the trial court made specific findings and conclusions in its 

termination order. When a trial court enters specific findings of fact and conclusions 

thereon, we apply a two-tiered standard of review. First, we determine whether the 

evidence supports the findings, and second, we determine whether the findings support 

the judgment. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 

(Ind. 2005). In deference to the trial court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we 

will set aside the court’s judgment terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is 

clearly erroneous. L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 208; see also Bester, 839 N.E.2d at 147.
7

In Indiana, before parental rights may be involuntarily terminated, the State is 

required to allege and prove, among other things:

(B) that one (1) of the following is true:

(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that 

resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement 

outside the home of the parents will not be remedied.

(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the 

parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of 

the child.

(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been 

adjudicated a child in need of services;

(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the 

child.

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2).4 ACDCS has the burden of pleading and proving each 

element of Indiana Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2) by clear and convincing evidence before the 

trial court can terminate parental rights. See also In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1260-61 

(Ind. 2009) (quoting Ind. Code § 31-37-14-2 (2008)). 

Father’s allegations of error focus solely on subsections 4(b)(2)(B) and (C) of the 

termination statute set forth above. Specifically, Father asserts that he is entitled to 

reversal because the trial court’s judgment does not comport with Indiana’s termination 

statute in that the “only finding of relevance upon which the court can rely upon in 

support of its termination order is set forth in subparagraph (d) of its orders wherein it 

 

4

Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4 was amended by Pub. L. No. 48-2012 (eff. July 1, 2012). The 

changes to the statute became effective after the filing of the termination petition involved herein and are 

not applicable to this case.
8

found that Father is either unable or unwilling to provide a stable and domestic[-

]violence[-]free home for the children.” Appellant’s Br. p. 15. Father goes on to assert 

that although this finding “is admittedly a relevant and valid factor for the court’s 

consideration in either the reunification of a family or the termination of a parent-child 

relationship, this court’s singular finding fails to take into consideration the significant 

and substantial evidence presented at trial of Father’s compliance with and/or successful 

completion of the numerous provisions” of the PPP. Id.

Our review of the trial court’s judgments5reveals that although the court made 

multiple specific findings as to whether the conditions resulting in the removal of the 

children were likely to be remedied in the future, the great majority of these findings 

simply detailed the circumstances surrounding the initial removal of the children, or they

related solely to Mother. In addition, although the trial court made other findings that 

Mother and Father had a “history of domestic violence” and that Father had a “history 

with alcohol abuse” and a “prior history” with ACDCS in which an incident of neglect 

was substantiated as to one of the children in 2009, these added findings, while relevant, 

speak solely to Father’s past conduct and fail to acknowledge whether the conditions 

necessitating removal and continued placement outside Father’s care had been remedied. 

Appellant’s App. p. 2.

 

5

For clarification purposes, we note that the trial court issued judgments under separate cause 

numbers pertaining to each of the children in terminating Father’s parental rights. Because all three

judgments contain nearly identical language, apart from certain identifying information contained in the 

heading, we cite to only one judgment throughout this opinion.

 
9

Apart from the aforementioned findings detailing Father’s past conduct, the only 

remaining specific finding relevant to Father is as follows: “(d) [Father] and [Mother] are 

unable or unwilling to provide a stable and domestic[-]violence[-]free home for [the 

children].” Id.

6

 Moreover, as for the “best interests” prong of our termination statute

found in subsection 4(b)(2)(C), the trial court’s termination order contains the single 

conclusory finding: “Termination is in the best interest of the child[ren] in that the 

parents have shown by their actions an inability or unwillingness to adequately provide 

for and care for the child[ren].” Id. at 3.

Termination of parental rights is of such importance that we must be convinced 

the trial court has based its judgment on proper considerations. See, e.g., Parks v. 

Delaware Cnty. Dep’t of Child Servs., 862 N.E.2d 1275, 1280-81 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). 

Unfortunately, we cannot make such a determination based on the trial court’s findings 

set forth above. Although Father’s past parental shortcomings were thoroughly addressed 

in the trial court’s findings of fact, the court failed to make any findings regarding 

Father’s fitness to care for the children at the time of the termination hearing. Nor did the 

trial court make a determination as to the credibility of Father’s testimony of changed 

conditions and completed reunification goals. As such, the trial court’s focus on 

historical conduct, absent any factual findings as to Father’s current circumstances or 

evidence of changed conditions, is akin to terminating parental rights in order to punish 

the parent. See, e.g., In re CM, 960 N.E.2d 169, 175 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). 

 

6Although the trial court also specifically found that Father failed to establish paternity for the 

children, ACDCS concedes on appeal that, contrary to the trial court’s finding (m), Father did establish 

paternity of the children “by executing paternity affidavits.” Appellee’s Br. p. 10. 
10

Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2) sets forth the specific requirements which

must be alleged and proved by clear and convincing evidence in order to involuntarily 

terminate a parent-child relationship. Although the trial court was not statutorily required 

to make specific findings in the underlying termination case,7“once the trial court walks 

down the path of making findings, it is bound under Indiana Trial Rule 52(A) to make 

findings that support the judgment.” Parks, 862 N.E.2d at 1281; see also In re Estate of 

Inlow, 735 N.E.2d 240, 250 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000) (stating that special findings must 

contain the ultimate facts from which a trial court has determined the legal rights of the 

parties). Moreover, we are bound by the findings of the trial court on the issues covered 

and are not at liberty to look to other evidence to support its judgment. See generally 

Parks, 862 N.E.2d at 1280.

Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court’s judgment simply does 

not provide us with reasonable assurances that ACDCS proved all of the statutory 

dictates of Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2) by clear and convincing evidence as 

they relate to Father. Moreover, our review of the record in its entirety yields evidence 

that could support either outcome as to Father, yet we are in no position to weigh such 

evidence or to attempt to read the trial court’s mind in regard to its findings of fact. 

Accordingly, because the findings are deficient, we are constrained to reverse the 

judgment of the trial court terminating Father’s parental rights to T.B., M.B., and L.B., 

 

7

Indiana Code section 31-35-2-8 was amended by Pub. L. No. 128-2012 (eff. July 1, 2012) and 

now requires trial courts to “enter findings of fact that support the entry of the conclusions” required to 

either terminate a parent-child relationship or to dismiss the termination petition. See Ind. Code § 31-35-

2-8. The changes to the statute, however, became effective after the issuance of the termination order

involved herein and thus are not applicable to this case.
11

and remand this cause to the trial court for additional proper findings that support its

judgment.

Reversed and remanded with instructions.

BAILEY, J., and BROWN, J., concur