complete understanding of the uany interests with which the Roosevelt family
surrounded themselves while at their Hyde Park home.

BAR

Snell, Charles W, Doctunentation of Historical Base Map, Drawing No.
NHS-FDR-2001-A. Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site.
N.p.: USDI, NPS, 1957. 30 pp.

B: 400133

The Historical Base Map for the Home of Vranklin D. Roosevelt, thirty-second
President of the United States, describes the historic site as i was at the Time of the
President's death on April 12, 1945. This report includes a narrative documentation
of the map. The study was undertaken by the park supervisory historian and is
based on research of primary and secondary source materials.

Information is given on the carly history of the site (1697-1867). Roosevel’s house
was built on the sile in the early (800s. and the original starcture still forms the
central portion of the present home. Changes and alicrations to the house over the
years ave documented, Detail is given on the other structures on the site including
the Roosevelt Libtary, established in 1940, and the Coach House, crected in 1836,
Small structures, such as the garage, stables. shed, greenhouses, laundry,
pumphouse, cottages. apiary. and gatchouse, are also recorded.

Historical dovumentation of landscape features includes the roads and walkways,
streams and ponds, gardens, Meadows, fences, stone walls, and wee and forestry
plantations. Information is given, where available, on the date of the original design
and the planting and/or construction of each of the featres. There is also a brief
description of their appearance in 1945.

Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site (PA)

Kise, Franks & Straw, Cufreral Landscape Report: Hopewell Furnace Nationat
Historie Site. Philadelphia: USDI, NPS, Northeast Region, Philadelphia
Support Office. 1997. 225 pp.

By, O1764),
T: 376/D-70

Located m rural Pennsylvania, Hopewell Fumace w'as a cold-blast, charcoal-fueled
iron finvace in operation between 1771 and 18$3. The production of pig iron and
iron castings were the center of its 112 year history. Located in the Schuylkill
River Valley, the centerpiece of the site is the furnace complex and village core.
The Hopewell Village National Historic Site was designated ia 1958, bat current
site boundaries were nor set until 1946, The park's name changed to Hopewell
Fumace National Historic Site in 1985 10 emphasize the importance of the furnace
tw the area’s existence, Aluhough many studies of the Furnace site have been
conducted since its designation as 4 Nattonal Historic Site. none have addresseil
the composition of the historic landscape and a ud its relationship to the existing
landscape.

This CLR describes the historic evolution of Hopewell Furnace and identities the
character-cefining features of the landscape. Based on documentation, analysis

216 Cutturat Lanoscare Bisiocraruy, RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTets



HEASY REG

Jacobs, Scott. Historic Structure Report. Architectural Data Section: the
Railroad Tracks, Charlestown Navy Yard. Boston National Historical Park,
Massachusetts. Boston: USDL, NPS. 1983. 36+ pp.

B: ONG?
°F, ASTD-212?

Marie, Audrey R. Potential Archeological Resources, Charlestown Navy Yard.
Boston National Histarical Park: Cufiaral Resenterces inventury. Boston:
USDILNPS. 1980, 197 pp
B: 010100

Cape Cod National Seashore (MA}

Knecdler-Schad, i-yan, Katharine Lacy and Larry Lowenthal. Crezured
Landscape Report for Fort Hill, Cape Cod Narioual Seashore. Cultural
Landscape Publication 410, Boston: USDE. NPS. Olmsted Center for
Landscape Preservation. 1995. 235 pp. (Aanolateds
B: 015950
T: 609/D-134

Lacy. Katharine. and Larry Lowenthal. Cutiural Landscape Report for Trara
Highlands Historic District, Boston: USDL, NPS, North Atlantic Region
Cultural Landscape Pragecam, 1995, 7 pp. ¢Arerotuted)

B: 01762)

National Park Service. Landscape Preservation Maintenance Plan: Highland
Golf Links, Boston: USDI, NPS, Olisted Center for Landscape
Preservation, 1998, 204H- pp.

Colonial National Historical Park (VA}

Bares, Anbur G. Restoration/‘Reconstruction of the Yerktown Battlefield,
Denver: USDL NPS. 1976, 150 pp. (Annetated)

LO7SS

10755

T; 333/D-60

Eyceg, Shaun. and Dorothy Geyer. Cultural Landscape Evaltetion and
Desiyn Recommendations for the Victory Monument, (Dratt.
Philadelphia: USDI, NPS. Philadelphia Support Ollie. 1997. 26 pp.

Hlatch, Charles E.. Jt. Mutberry Trees and Silkweorms, the Stary of Sericutture
tn Early Virginta Which Began at famestown in 1608-1609. Denver:
USBI, NPS, Colonial National Historical Park. 1953. 116 pp.

B: QDISIR

Hatch, Charles ©, de. and Jerome a. Greene. Historic Strucire Report.
Combined Study: Developed Sites and Cotoniat Rural Fences, Yorkrown
Battlefield, Colonial National Historical Park, Virginie. Deaver: USDI.
NPS, Denver Service Centur, [975.187 pp.

B: O1N795

46 CuLTuRAL Lanoscare BisttoGRaPHy: RESOURCES IN THE Nationa. Parx Syste


of the 1973 Archeological Survey and 1976 Master Plan. Existing conditions of
the site ae recorded through a series of plans. photographs and text; the geacril
conchision heing rhat the site upper's i be in good Condition, hue many areas are
in need of both short and lone-tera maintenance.

The historic coptext and evalustion of the periods ut significnace we deftired by
Jooking ut vireulution, ipography, spatial relationships and the siting of buildings.
‘or surroundings. vegetlion, nulusal systems, water features, landscape structures,
nyinor buildings, site turmishings und objects. Throughout Me life of the property,
the circulition patterns lave remained the most consistem feature, Some spatiat
relationships have been altered since the Vanderbilt evu due te the loss of several
structures and the development of the surrounding neighborhood. A series of
diugrammatic maps show the evo)ution of the property from the original ownership
period (Bard, 1764-1821) through the NPS Stewardship pesiod (1990-199L). which
revels a conisistent growth pattern follawed throughout the deselupment of the
site tno whal has become known as the Vanderbilt estate. The estate's hizh degree
of integrity is Jinked to the extam historic features and the retention of feeling wad
association lo the historic periods of the site,

Bea

NorTHEAS

Historic view of ihe Rase Garden in early summer. (NPS, ©. lore 1920s)

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

245

REGION


Chaco Culture National Historical Park (NM)

Judge, James W. fhe Development ofa Complex Culture
Chaco Basin, Chaca Culnee National Historical Park, Suv
NPS, 1976. [6 pp.

B: OLLS86
C: OLLY86
N: PB83-245928/PCAL MEAG!

rem tre the
a Fe: USDL,

Chaco Culture National Historical Park contains thirteen snajor prehistoric sites
and hundreds of smaller ones, built by the Ancestral Pucbloan People. This paper
views the Bonito Phase in Chava Canyon as the end product of a gradually maturing
cultural ecosystem which developed in the San Juan basin from about 500 AD to
124) AD. A basic assumption is that cultural eves s iNerease in diversity and
stability during the inaturation process in a fashion similar w other ecosystems.

Diversity is measured by the number uf internal links between system components,
in the form of trade coutes. as well as the qumber ane natire of items traded. [tis
suggested that lhe cultural system developed us a resource cecistribution network
linkin aco Canyon with surrounding areas in order to compensate for fluctuating.
local environments. Initially based on reciprocity through kinship ties, ihe system
matured imo an inereasingsy coniplex and formalized trade network,

Chaco Canyon emerged in the mid-900s as an esseutial campunent of the entire
ecosystesn, jategral to and supported by the network of trade links due to its centeal
location. As such the development of the society was no longer limited hy the
carrying cupucily of the canyon emdronment and the populafion wis able wa expand
as Wustraced touay by the large number of archugologigil sites from this peciodl,

Atthe peak of Ihe Bonita Phase (1 190-1200 4B). the Lrade links may have expunded.
to include lormal economic fies with areas as cistant as Mexico in an elfort to
increase system stability. les demise ucound 1200 AD is seen as a function of
envirpamental perturhations at the peripheral sites, initiating sesource depletion 16
a degree which exceeded the Jimits of the sysiem as a whole. In this paper.
environmental and cultural data are used to support Unis theoretical motel of
development.

Chamizal National Memorial {TX)

Cowley, Jill and Rich Lasko. Landscape Management Plan/Couprehe
Design, Chamiza National Memorial. Santa Ke: USD, NPS, Denver
Serviee Center. 1989, 50+ pp.

B: OL L886
C: OL 886

’

Chazimal National Meinarial commemorates the peaceful settlement of a ceatucy-
old boundary dispute benween the United States and Mexico. The National
Memorial serves a dual role as an international peace memorial for the peoples of
she world and as a cily park For £) Puso, Texas residemis due t0 its bocation and
intangible selafiwnship beoweer the Anglo nil Hispanic catleeres.

410 Gutturat Lanoscare Biptiosrarry: RESOURCES IN THE Navional Park System



N OUNTAIN REGIO!

Pecos National Historical Park {NM}

Cowley. Sill, Maureen Joseph and Diane Rhodes. Cuttaral Landscape
Overview: Pecos Nutiqual Historical Park, New Mexico, Santa Fe: USDI,
NPS, Intermoumain Support Office. 1998. 170+ pp, (Annotated)

B: 017676
T; 4304)-46

Petroglyph National Monument (NM)

Lvans, Michael J.. Richard W, Stoffle and Sanclea Lee Pinel, Petrogiypit
National Monunent Rapid Ethuographic Assessment Pragect, Final Report
Santa Fe: USDI, NPS, Southwest Regional Office, 1943.

83 pp. (Annoried)
t 3s4D5

Froeschaucr. Peggy S, Cufturat Landscape Overview, Petroghyph Nationat
Monwnoent. Sania Fe: USDE XPS, 1994. 150 pp.
B; 0) 7649

SYD-20

12 CuuTurAL Lanoscaer BisuioGRarHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEM



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Winstel, Jeffrey. Everett Historic District Cultural Landscape Report, Omahar
LSDI, NPS, 1995, 127 pp.
B: 017610

Within Cuyahoga Viukey National Recreation Acea, the community of Everett and
the Everett Sistoric District are located in the southwestern corner of Boston
Township, in Summit County wear Akron, Ohio, Everett's landscape characteristics.
define it as a baet settlement type. The lack af internal street systems, groupin
of buildings inte functional areas and de agrarian feeling of the community make
it significant us a culsural resouree, The street pattems of the community futher
define Everett as a crassroads communily and it contains muny of the recreational
area’s historic resourees.

‘The pivpose of this CLE is ta identity the elements that contribute to the significance
of the districts cultuyal landscape during its period of significance ic. 1830-19353
and uo provide Teatment recommendations to guide site development. The sudy
area includes the Nationa) Register district boundary, the agriculrurad fields and
natura] features thal contribule Lo the crossroads settlement character, The
methodology used includes: a review of planning and resource management
documents, archeological records, historic photographs and maps, and a literature
review of idasporlation development and conmnercial, institutional and recreational
land uses, A Level T Cwtural Landscape Inventory (CLL) was conducted to establish
base line data, then Lreatment recommendations ace developed based on the
signiticance of the site’s resources, integrity of fandscape features and current
rehabilitation projects:

An overview of the general physical characteristics of the district is provided, and
invludes descriptions of the topography. vegetation, water resources, buildings and
structures. ‘The evidence of features associuted with the three periods of Everea's
development— The Canal Era, The Railroad Pesiod and the Auto-oriented Peciod—
lend to the retention of integrity of location, design, setting, feeling und association.
Totegrity of desigu ts ulsa still apparent in the form, plan and spatial organization
of the community. Each of these attnbutes is briefly described and a List of cultural
landscape fealuses retaining jnlegrity is included in this section of the report.

Based on the findings of this repon, the treatment recommendation is rehabilitation,
due to the sufficient historic integciry of the district and the planned future uses of
bujidings. Recommendations for further study include: completing the nexl phase:
of the CLI (Level If: coflecting and recording ural histories of the site: developing
a planting plan for the hamlet community based on the oral histories: ane conducting:
additional archeological investigations to increase knowledge of how the district
functioned as a canal town.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

WE

141

S

T Resi



Miowest Recion

National Park Service, faad Use PMlan-Culnsral Landscape Report, Boxtey
Valley, Buffalo National River, Omaha: USDI, NPS. 1985, 72 pp.
33: GI4842
T: 173/D-30A,

Boxley Valley is a well-preserved example ot a rural Ozark Mountais valley, Ic
comprises 8,000 acres in the upper portion of the Butfalo National River and is the
thost significant cultural landscape in the designated area, The valley is acollection
ol tangible cultura! features that excmplity the traditional Ozark Mountains valley
seitkement pattern. The vernacular Jandscape includes a collection of agricutturat
fields anc architectural features.

and preserve the civer for he henefit and enjoyment of present and future
generations, In 1975, a Master Plan for the pask was developed. {t classitied Boxley
Valley as a private use zone 10 perpetuate the pastoral scene, However, the park
service has subsequently acquired lee-simple ownership for mast of the valley,
Many sellers have retained usc and occupancy agreements for up lo 25 years,

Boflalo National River was established in 1972 to conserve and interpret the area |
L

The pwpose of this Land Use Plan-Cultural Landscape Report is 10 provide a
management strategy for Boxley Valley and to supplement the proposals of the
park master plan. The new plan provides more detailed guidance on Tesource
inanagement, land use. visitor use, development, and Jand management agreements
for the valley, 1 respands to current management problems such as vacant
Farmhouses, and legul authorities such as the historic properties Jeasing prograra.

The report is divided into two principal sections: Resoaree Analysis and
Manggement Plan, The resource anal ysis discusses the valley in its regional context
and evaluates its natural and cullural resoneces,

The management plan is subsequently devcloped to guide management and use
within the valley. ‘The plan proposes implementation of the original concept of a
private use zone ax outlined in the Master Plan. Private ownership of fand will be
encouruged, vacant farmlands will be resold subject to deed restrictions, and the
owners of use and occupancy, or Jife estate agreements will be offered the
oppartunity fo reacquire their Jaads and ather NPS lands in cevtatn areas. This
approach aims to balance resource preservation and privale use, and protect the
nawral and historical character of Boxley Valley, while allowing and encouraging
natural evolution of the rural landscape, The NPS will control the degree and
direcuion of change through « conyprehensive program of positive incentives and
restrictive regulations.

The management plan divides the valley into six management districts hased au
the natural and cultural resources considered ia the resource analysis. They comprise
the river corridor, Jorest, agricultural, conununity development, park development
and warsportation corvidor. The character and purpose of each is briefly described,
‘Yhe districts provide a zoning 100! to aid management planning in the valley.
Management suidance is provided for resource management, Jand use.
and development, and management agreements,

eee RE

136 Cucsurat Lanoscape BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTIONAL Pari System


CuLturaL LanpscaPe BIBLIOGRAPHY

RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEM

Katherine Ahern
Lynda M. Frost
Melissa Stuber

Lori Tolliver

Edited by

Cari Goetcheus

Robert R. Page

U.S. Department of the interior
National Park Service
Cultural Resources Stewardship and Partnerships
Park Historic Structures and Cuitural Landscapes Program
Washington, D.C.
2000

GFF fp} - 17 B2

PLEASE RETURN 10:

TECHNICAL INFORMATION CERTER
PENVER SERVICE CENTER
Pr ANAL PARK SERVICE


totem poles wens erecicd in the park during the early (venticth century and evaluate
the Jandscape changes over time: and document ihe chinges that occurred to the
site prior to 194), during, and folowing World War LL.

J

Nive Jandscape areas arte identified within the park based on physiograpltic.
vegetative and culoral qualilies. The nine areas are; the Indian River Area, Forested
Areas, Beach and ‘Vidal Mats. plified Beact Arca, fort Aseu. Forest and River
Trai) Area, Picnie Avea, Russian Walk/Totens Trail Area, Russian Memonat Area,
and the MonumenyPark Enirance Area. Baeh area’s landscape condition is described

for every historic period. showing the changes in land use aver time.

Some of the most dramatic landscape changes occutred ty the park during WWIL
Constraction of a military base at Sitka cequired large quantities of gravel. Dredging
the lower sections of ihe Indian River proved to have long-lasting and destructive
elfeets on the park. These activities threatened w destroy nich of its signiticant
cultura) landscape:

Sources utilized dor this landscape history include letters, diaries, maps, cLeawings,
photogmphs, travel accounts, and olficial government records in numerous archival
collections in the Lintwed States, Russia, and Finland. A number of oral incerviews
were conducted as well. An updated administrative history and several natucil
resource studics will be syathesized in the second phase of the landscape study,
ithnately generating cultural landscape management recommendations for Sitka,
National [iistorical Park,

106 CurturaL Lanoscarr Biptiogearky: RESGURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System


Recion

THE,

~~~: Historic Grounds Report for First Bank of the United States in
dndependence National Historical Park. Philadelphia: USDI, NPS,
independence National Historical Patk. 1959, 24 pp.
B: 002501
©. 002104

» dsstaric Grounds Report far Philadelphia Merchuat’s Exchange in
Yuulependence National Historica! Park. Philadelphia: USD NPS,
Independence National Historical Park, 1959, 20 pp.

B: 002107

C: 002107

T; 39MD-124

—. Historic: Grounds Survey Report, Carpenters’ Hall and Court.
tadependence Nationet Historical Park. Philadelphia: USD. NPS.
independence National Historical Park, 1958. 50 pp.

B: 102056
C: 062056
T: 395/D-26

Powell, Beayamin B. Historic Grounds Report-Part £, Chapter 5, the State
House Yard. Phuladelphia: USDI, NPS, Independence National Historical
Park. 1961. 120 pp, ¢Amaorated)

B: 002172
002172

Sifton. Paul G. Supplement to Tadd House Grounds and Neighborng
Pruperties. Philadelphia: USD!, “PS, Independence National flistorical
Park, 1964. 16 pp. (Anmoratedt)

B: 2092

— — + Sapplement | to Histuric Grounds Report, Part f, Stete Howse Yard.
Phiiadelpma: USDi. NPS. independence National Historical Park. 1965.
10 pp. (Annotated?

T: 39UD-20

Toogood, Anna Coxe. ili
Davidson and Paul We

ndaumn, Celrral Landscape Report for
Jadependence Square -Historical Summary. Landscape Features, Analysis
of fateyray and Significuace. Treatment Recommendations, and Schemanc

Design. Denver: USD), NPS, Denver Service

cemer. 1998. 128 pp.

Toagood, Anna Coxe. Crlneral Landscape Report for Independence Square.
Historical Narrative. ({Dratt), Philadelphia: USDI, NPS, Independence
National Historical Park, 1996. 446 pp.

ComPrcnensive ByBLicGRaPHY 55.


Sifton, Paul G. Supplement [te Histone Grounds Report, Part £. State House
urd, Philadelphia; USPI, NPS, 1963, 10 pp.
B: 002173

QOLTS

+ 301D-20

This report provictes a supplement to the Historic Grounds Report lor State House
Yard in Independence National Historical Park. It was prepared by tbe par
and contains information on the physical history of the site and prescats data relating
to the landscape and features in front of independence Hall during the historic
period, Much of the information is taken fron the Part fof the Historic Grounds
Report for the site.

Documentary cvideace ts shown to be sparse and is limited to 2 few references in
Pennsylvania's legislative records and vouchers issued for work donc duri
Vaughan's landscaping of Independence Square, A number of historic engravings
and skeiches are found to be useful in illustrating the scene of the square prior to
1800. The iMustrations are included as an appendix to the report. ‘These primary
sources cnable information to be provided on the type and Jocation of brick walls.
skirting, grass plots, curbs, posts, lamps, watchboxes und pumps. A historic base
ntap is produced in the report

Lis suggested Lhat exteasive archeological investigation could furnish additional
informauon on other features such us the foundations to the Peglac House, which
was demolished in 1735, or portions of the beds of the origin: brick walkways.

Longfellow National Historic Site (MA)
eva

ns, Catherine, Cultural Landscape Report for Laugfeltow National Uistoric
Stte, Volume I: Site Hisiory and Extsting Conditions, Cultural Landscape
Publication No, 2. Boston: USDI, NPS, Olmsted Center tor Landscape
Preservation, Numb Alantic Regional Office. Cultura) Resources
Management Division. 1993. 138 pp.

15619

TV: 453/0-11

‘the Longfellow Nationat Historic Site on Bruitle Street in Cambridge.
Massachusetts is a significant site for several reasons, The large and cleganl house,

awehitecture. [ts inhabitants huve included Elenry Wadsworth Longfellow, for whom
the site is named, and General George Washington. who spent nine months in the
house during the American Revolution.

This CLR includes the site history aad existing conditions of the 51
dutailed description of the evolution of the kindscape. and introduces the three
aweas of signslicance of the site: literature, for the site
Longfellow. architecture, for its erghtecath-century American at
American history [or ils association with the Revaluionary War, The methodology
for the report includes the review of carli¢r studies of the site and the ¢stablishmeat
af historic peciuds for the site. A review of deeds and photographs were Ibe basis

Annotateo Biartocrapuy

221


‘Ther to plnera daring ws n08 fier dha 5ena =a Guan Hee WPIEN
serve send Cand ue Dashes A EST cap Jens Oo BOO br Sn
Wavskagn ores aka Pe ee petune an Ban ss

Teal ty Presa erent
chaiedun teem eatena

fone

season seins

2} mtree

Cuyahoga Valicy National Reereation Area. Boston, Ohio. Fours maps showing 180 yeats of land use change in

Boston, Ohio, (NPS, 7540, 1930, £975. 3993)

AwnotaTep BiBiacraPHy

139


Valley Forge Nationa! Historical Park (PA)

Gillespie, Patricia, Shaun Eyring and Dorothy Geyer. Cirtiuret Landscape
Inventory and Pretiminary Design Recommendations for the National
Memorial Arch, (Draft). Philadelphia: USDI. NPS. Philadelphia Support
Oflice. 1997. S0+ pp.

Lambert. Brian, Field Management Plan for Valley Forge National Historical
Park. Valley Forge: USDI, NPS. 1992, 64 +pp.
B: 016580

nit F. Douglas Ryan ant Bila W. Aderman, Land Use Stuey of Valley
¢ Nutional Historical Park, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
. Morris Arboretum, 1989, 225 pp,

Be 016560

T: 464/D4)

Rhoads,

Vanderbilt Mansion Nationai Historic Site (NY}

orge. Free Preservation Report for Vanderbilt Navonat Historic Site.
Nj ‘SDI, NPS. 1940.
B: 012932

Cotfin, Margaret. and Charles Pepper. Historte Prent Zaventory for Vanderbilt
Mansion National Historic Site. Boston. USDL NPS, Olmsted Center tor
Landscape Preservation 1992, 300 pp.

Ewald, Walter A, $. Job Stans Report und Recommendations far Estate
Aaprovemuents, Vanderbilt Mansion Metiom Historic Site, Nips USDI,
NPS, 1940, 18 pp.

B: OO0465
C: 006165
T: 382/D- 16

National Park Service. Phase Zils Crdtural Landscape Repart, Landscape
Preservation freaiment, Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site.
Westport, CT: USDI, NPS. 1993. 22+ pp.

B: OV7655

O'Donnell, Patricia M.. Charles A. Birnbaum and Cynthiz evsky. Creitaral
Landscape Report for Vanderbilt Mansion National Histone Site, Volume
J; She History, Existing Conditions and Anafysis, Cultural Landscape
Publication #1. Boston: GSDI. NPS. Olmsted Ceater for Landscape
Preservation, North Alantic Regional Office, Division of Cuhural
Resource Management. 1994. 419 pp (Annotated)
B: 017065
T: 382D-21

{)Donne)], Patricia M., Barbara Wilson, Peter Viterclio. and Cynthia
Zaitzevsky, Cultural Landseape Report for Vanderbilt Mansion National
Historic Site, Valume 2: Landscape Preservation Treatment
Recommendations. Bostow USD, NPS, Olmsted Center Jor Landscape

66 CucturaL LANUscAPE BieuiocrapHy: Resources in The National Park SvsTets


Gilbert, Cathy A, and Rey Niedawiecka. The Historie Landscape of Fort
Spokane: A Desiga Proposal, Cailee Dam National Reerwation Arca.
Seattle: USDI, NPS. 1985. 56 pp.

B: 013604

C: O13604

T: 6064-644

Nz PR&G-1GbAWAYPCADYMBEADL

Fort Spokane was establisied bt U880 tw inaintain pea id resolve vonfticrs
between the Indians on the Northern Columbia plateau and white settle
in the area.

Leavin

This seport identifies signiticant historic landscape patterns and develops appropriute
design proposals for rehubiditation of the site, with particular eraphasts on increasing
Opportunities for interpretation of the historic site and expanding its potential for
comemporary uses, The research is undertaken by two landscape architects and
hivelves both historical reseurch and field survey with comprehensive
documentation of existing conditions al the Fart,

For the purposes oF this stidy. all 649 acres of the original military reserve are
considered! part of the historic zone. The design project, however, fovtses ou the
80 acres Lhat suppant the primary structural complex of the Fort

An overview describes the history of the site, and changes occurring in each of te
inain historical periods are documented. ‘The four distinct historical periods are:
The Military Perind (1880-1889), when the primary structural complex of the fort
was built; The lndian Agency Period (1990-1929), when many of the original
structures were adapted amd reused as a school. hospital and administrative
headquarters for the Colville Indians; Abandonment (1930-1960), when the
complex was neglected and many af the original buildings fost: and the veurs from
196D to the preseat when the NPS took over management of the site.

The historte data for each of the historie periods is mapped to illustrate major tend
uses, building functions, site feumres and overall landscape organization. An
evaluation is made of the significant historic Jandscape components and their
integrity using National Register Criteria. in addition. a series of inups are developed
DSustvaiing contemporary perceptual and functional aspects of the site. and includes
ay anatysis of vehiculae tad ciccutation patterns, visual assessment and lane use
concepts. The maps produced during the course of the project provide u basis for
analysis and evaluation of the landscape to guide the development of des
proposals.

The resulting musice plun reflects aspects of the rescarch findings aad site ana
as well as al] signiticant Jandscape companents critical forenhancing the ceadabitity
and coherent character of (he historic fandscape of Kon Spokune, Features to be
teestablished at the site are depicted on the plan.

‘Three phusing plans are developed to guide implementation of the master plat. A
list af recommenditions accompany the plan anid address both general and spevific
site considerations including building and foundations, circulation, plant rniterials,
site details and management concepts

Annotated BiauiosrapHy

255


CuiTuRAL Lanoscare BiguoGRarHy: Resources iN THE Nationat Park Systes


and evaluation of the features, recommendations for future researeh and the
Preservation treatment af the historic landscape re provided, The repost is organized
inte sever sectors: Introduction, Iiveatory af Existin ontitions. Landscape
History, Analysis and Evaluation, Treaiment and Alternatives, Treagnent
Recommendations anc Design Development, and Bibliography,

‘The inventory of oxisting conditions offers an uverview of the current resources
and primary features of the site, and desersptions of sit@ access and current use.
Natural features are described m narrative and graphic form.

Landscape history sliscussses the devclapmentfevulution of the site for the five
periods of significance: Settlement und Development (177(-) 800s: Growth and
Prospenly (1800-1845); Decline (1846-1383). Shutdown and Survival (IS83 1935):
in Conservation Corp (1935-1938), and the National Park Service (1938-
1997), Narratives of cach lime period describe the property and property use of
the Hopewel? Furnace trea. incliding the vilage layout, landscape work,

Analysis and evaluation offers a thorough review of the cukural tandscape
characteristics for the site for each of the time periaxls. The cultural landscape
charucturistics reviewed include: response to the natural environment. land use
and activiues, patterns of spatial organization, circulation, boundary demarcation,
elation, clusters, buildings and structures. urcheolygival sites and smail scale
elements. An evaluation of signilicance and hnegrity concluded that the site is
significant under criterion A duc to its association with the American Revolution
ultural development of the Pennsylvania Piedmont; Criterion B cue to its
wy with persons important to the past; Criterion C due to its embodiment
of focal vernacular style constructiun, and Criterion 2 due to the information it
conveys about the history of charcoal iron Furnaces.

ony and
ro) of

The tour general types of ieatments are reviewed in the recommen!
design development section with the re rommenced treatment

inagement z
features.

Independence Nationa! Historical Park (PA)

s s Soand Mary Ann Flagan, Gruens Report on the Landscape
and Archuecture of {8th Cennay Philedelphia, Philadelphia: USD, NPS.
1958, 200 pp.

B: 001936

C: HOG

This report is imtended ta supplement the historic grounds reports prepared for
speerfic buildings and snes within Independence National Historical Park, I
documents and provides evidence of general landscape features such ay walk:
Strecks, walls, etc. as they existed in old Phikutelphia daring the fist quarter of the
eighwenth century the histovical period of the Park, The resident archilee! and a

Annotateo BrsitiocrarHy

JORTHEAST REGION

27


Chapter 9 provides a bibliography for all works in the text, A large proportion
of the references are annotaied to describe the contents or identify the particular
relevance of the work to this study. The study is supplemental with diagrams and
maps.

enka

National Park Service. Cdinrat Landscape Recommendations, Park
Headquarters at Munson Valley Crater Lake National Park, Seatle. USDI.
NPS, 1991.
B: O17618
T: Wt6/D-151

This cuttural 4a
the histori¢ lane
of the report i

Mdscape study prov a preliminary analysis and evaluation of
“ape at Munson Watley in Crater Lake National Pack. The purpose
to identify and evaluate 4 ulscape resources and develop

ta
preliminary guidelines and reconimendations for preservation, rehabilitation.
maintenance and jaterpretation. This document is a ieehnicad supplement, not
intended to replace a stantand cultural landscape report. The stucty is organ ed

into short sections including introduction, identification, History. Analysis and
Evaluation, Statement of Significance, Recommendations, and Special Site Arcas.

The Klentification section gives a narrative description of the contextual boundaries
and the site boundaries with accompanying site map aad sectton clevationy. the
History seclion covers the three periods of devctopment at Munson Valley trom
1923 to 1998 with very brief descriptions of dhe Army road crew oucupation ¢1913-
1918), Ure National Park Service Geveroment Camp (1924-2941), and the Park
Neaderraters (141-1991.

The Analysis and Evaluation section gives very brief descriptions of response lo
natural features. spatial organization, land use. vegetation, cluster arrangement
and structures. circulation, and small-scale clementy. Photographs and concept
diagrams ure provided in this section as graphic representations of The above
features.

The Park Fleadquarters district 18 considered to be significant under Criterion A
for its link to elforts by the National Park Service to manage and protect dhe natural
recreational resources of the diswict aad due Lo its rustic design: Criterion B. due
16 its tion with Thomas Vint, Merel Sager and Hrancis Lange (landsyape
architects associated with une Rustic Style design ethic of the NPS), Criterion C as
an expression of naturalistic design/Rustic design developed by the NPS during
the mii-1920s-1940s; and Criterion D because it yields imponiaat information
about the precepts of naturalistic planting ctesign theory and practice. ‘The disuict
possesses integrity of location, design, setting. materials, workmanship, teeling.
and association. it still functions us the headquarters for Crater Lake National Park
and continues (9 reficet iis association with the Civilian Conservation Corps and
the Rustic Style of design used in its construction beween 1926 and 1941.

‘The purpose of the recommendations is to provide an appropriate framework and
Programmatic basis for preservation, maintenance and interpretation of the site.
‘They are intended to serve as guidelines and to address issues surrounding
stabilization and preservation of significant historic resources. There are six program.

Curturat LaNoscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL ParK System


Thatprin, Lawyence, et, al, Adcarraz: The Funav, Concept Plan & Guidet
Aleatnaz island. Sun Francisco: Golden Gate National Park Association.
1988, 79 pp.

B: 15547

Alcatraz Tsland is Jocaied in the middle of San Jrancisca Buy, Tt covers 22 acres
and forms part of the Golder Gute Nation Regreation Area (GONRA). The island
is most well known for ils forcner use as a Yeckerat peninentiney, alhough it has
nomerous other cuhural and nanural history associations, Currently only 20% of
the island bs Open to the public, many of tte buildings are neglected and dangerems,
This stady was commissioned to help realize the National Purk Service “Open
Ishin” objective. The tesearch develops a concept plan and guidelines for the
rehubilisation of the historic site and vernacular dandscape, which comprise Aleatraz,
Istand.

A series of three weekend workshops form the basis of the research, The workshops
followed a process called RSVP cycles and allowed 10U people from the Bay Area
community, fram afl watks of Jife und a variety of professional backgrounds. to
Parlicipate in the decision mmuking und planing process for the future development
uf the Island. The ideas generated in these workshops are developed in detail by a
professional ean of consultants and presented in this report. A nutjor goal of the
planning effort is ty weestand the “Spirit of Alcauuz’— the qualities und moods.
of the island that should be preserved for fucure generations of park visors.

‘The first section of the seport gives a brief overview of the islands history to provide
a background to understanding the development proposals, The island’s histories
eras are described, us ure de majar buildings und open spuyes and Wier
pkmuiogs that comprise Alewtaz, lt 1850 the island was designated as a mileta
reservation und developed ay a fortress. It was converted ta a military prison in
(861. Many buildings remain on the island. sucti as the brick fortified barracks.
the guardhouse, sally port and officers quarters, Prisoners carved the parade ground,
a dominant open space on the prow of the island, out af cock in the 1870s, In 1909.
the prison was enlarged and numy new buildings added, sucti as the Post [ixchange.
chapel, and model indusiries. Alcatcuz's most famous role wits as a federal
penitentiary bewween 1934 and 1963. During this period, the island housed some
of soviety’s most hardened criminals, Buildings were consvucted to provide work
for prisoners and uparunent complexes far prison employees and their families.
Afler the closure of the prison, the iskead was Clainied us (ndian lund ane occupied
by Native Americans for twa years, In the early 1970s the recreational and
educational potential of the ishind was recognived and in 1972, the GGNRA was
created and Alcatrag became 4 part of the nativnal pack.

The clements of the Alcatraz Conceps Plan and Guidelines developed in this
are six-fold,

earch

The Open island Concept addresses the aim of apening up whe entire island for
public use. I ernphusizes owtdour spaces, walkway impeovements. the elimination
of satety hazards and the broadening of interpretation io include its shoreline,
Nora und faima, architecture and varied history as well as its prison associations.
Suggestions are made for the rehubitition of buildings to accommodate
Use.

Annoratep BisiiograrHy

273



characteristic is followed by a more detailed deseription of cach feature in appendix
G.

The neighborhood evaluation investigated properly within a (wo-block boundary
of the Park to determine the land use patterns. building development and the
evolution of historic districts, ‘The relationship of the neighborhoods to the Park
was evaluated in the context of the evolution of historic districts, significant bail $
constructed in cach historic period and the evolution of strect patterns. There are
five historic districts and seventy landmark buikdings located in the }8(-acre area
within two blocks of the President's Park. Each of the five districts is briefly
described in terms of its role in relating 10 the evolution of the purk.

President's Park is curently lisicd on the National Register of [listoric Places with
the White House. President's Park (South) or the Ellipse. the Lafayeuc Square
Historie District. the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Executive Office
Buildmg (now the Old Executive Office Buikdiag) individually recorded on
iventory-nomination Lorms, Because landscape architecture was not considered
aseparate urea of significance when these nominations were done, there 15 a need
toevaluate the Pack usa whole. The period of ficance for the entire President's
Park is 1791-1970. Five comests are cxanuned in relationship to the National
Reaister of Historic Places crit the Presidency and the Administrauon of the
Executive Branch of Government (Criterion A): First Families (Criterion B); Late
iebteenth-Ceatury City Planning (Criterion Cy; A.J. Downing: Olmsted Brothers
terion C}.

C

Ancvuluation of integrity reveals thal the Park has evolved and changed throughout
cach historical period so that no single period, style. method of construction of
single designer is represepted ina bu stale. Therefore, integrity 1s based on the
understanding that some ck we is inhereat and bas ensured the continued
use af the site for ils or ginal and intended purpose as tbe executive seat of
government, The associs importance make change within the period of
ignificance acceptable. Evuluativn of integrity is veviewed for ube five contexts

developed for the study. Maps of extant features for cach histone period are ine Fades
in this chapter.

js found 10 have national significance under ail five contexts and
i iB: Presidency and the

ative Branch of Goveramen
Planning. Each of the contexts was found to have a bigh

istration of the
Eighteenth Century Cr
degree of integrity,

Ree

National Park Service, fhe Waite House and Prestdent's Purk—Conmipretensive
Design Plan and Draft Eavironmenal arpact $ vaatertent (Draft).
Washington, D.C.: USD. NPS. Rational Capital Pla Commission.
4997. 403 pp.

“this is the first comprehensive phun for the While House and President's Park
since George Washington designated the site in 179] as the residence for the
president. The White [Fouse has seen over 200 years of incremental change, breause
Management of the site has been handled in a pieccmea) approach

184 Cuttural Lanoscare Biaviocrsery: RESOURCES IN THE NaviOnaL Park System



ingston. DS, (Dewey). Ranching on the Point Reyes Peninsila- A iistory of
the Duiry and Beef Rauches Within Point Reves National Seashore, {834-
1992, Sun Frmcisco. USDI, NPS, Point Reyes Station. 1993. 544 pp

B: OI67K3

TV: 612/D-34

Point Reyes National Seashore is t 70,000-acre section of the Point Reyes Peninsula,
AG oniles garth of San Francisen, ty 1961-62. Congress authorized and signed inte
ation its designanion as a National Seashore. Ad the turn of the century, there
were about WO) ranches, most of which were maned A through Z, on the Peninsula
which comprise 21,000 acres of today’s National Seashore, y of these Former
Privalcty owned ranches are currently bet ypertled under various terms by the
National Park Service known as Reservations of Use and Occupancy, or Leases:
and Special Use Permits

This historic resource study was conducted in order to provide @ detailed, ranch
by-ranch history and evaluation of the histone and extant ranches on the peninsula.
Research methods employed tor ihe stucly include site inventories, interviews of
previous and current ranch occupants and! extensive archival research. Kach ranch

Paciric West REGION

Point Reyes National Seashore. View from B Ranch. (NPS, ¢. 1960!

ANNOTATED BiBLIOGRAPHY

293


kame e

Robinson, Greg. and Zebra Osman. Rehabilitation Plan ard Cultural
Landscape Recommendations for National Park Service Housing tn Grand
Canyon Village fistoric District, Grand Canyou National Park Ar
Santa Fe: USDI, NPS. 1993, 164 pp.

B: 017636
T: HSB 381

dan and recommendations report was prepared in fesponse & three event
propesed expansion of the Grand Canyon Village Historic District, the
implementation of the tcatment of historic properties within the Village. and the
sssuance of NPS special directive 92-1 concerning employee housing and feud
basert pine.

mens

The purpose of the repurt 1s lo satisfy historic preservation copypliance requ
for future Seud abatement and rehabilitation work within the Grand Canyon Village
Historic Wiel, and te increase awareness of the district as a culcural landscape.
The report provides background information, a brief history of the district, an
sof existing conditions and a statement of the district's significance and
ic recommendations Oulline and iustrate the approach to ubalement,
iment Of the Cultural landscape,
ton of construction documents

can be used by park staff to help ma
storie district.

and ©,

Tel
and association,

ning integrity in its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship. feelmg

Vhe reconmmendations serve as guidelines for the management of the cultural
landscape. The guidchnes apply to mamigemeuc and maintenance abje
circulation and sweess. plant materials, site details and manera h
‘ation, teat ab: 4 Hife/sateey detic
Wf structures relative to lile/satety and building codes present in she vill
gives general pubiclines for actions to be taken to correct det

Tune onal defi s to deficiencies. sof structures, such as. Jack of privacy.

acces: ration

bility: and energy cons

The narrative documemation is supplemented with schemati
photographs. Appendices include a List of Suuctures, Maps, Historic Building
Forms. Conditions Assessment Summaries, and Conswuction Drawings for
Residences 13 & 824,

ANNOTATED BiaLioGRAPHY

118


Pacieic West Rec

‘This document identifies and describes historical architectural and landscape
architectural features in the village landscape based on five defined character areas
that developed bevween 1926-1942. The character areas inchide the Plaza. the
Residential Area, the Maintenance Area, the Campground, and the Meauow.

Vor each charactcr area, the historic appearance is d bed in terms of its
“Jandsvape characteristics” such as spatial organization, land use, natural systems
and natural features, cicculation, vegetation, buiklings and seuctures, small-scale

features. views and vistas. and archeological sites.

Changes in the appearance of landscape characteristics during and since the historic
period arc described and surviving features jdeatiticd, This draft offers design
guidelines for one character area only, the Residential Arca.

‘The guidelines for the Residential Area recommend an informal or organic layout
of buildings and structures, circulation, and ve: ion, rather than a formal
geometry, and suggest that the inegular clustering of buildings and buffer plantings
are appropriate lo retain the historical spatial organization. The guidelines are
concerned with preserving Longmire Village's natural features and appearance
which includes the geological formations of roch-oulcroppings, the native torest
margin, the denygity and variety of vegetation, and the curving and sloping
topography, ‘The guidelines suggest that roads and paths wahin the Residential
Arca should retain smooth. curvilinear alignment of radii und langential lines aud
should appropriately follow the line of antural contours wherever possible.
Vegetation is also addressed and a list of appropriate native plants for the Residential
Area is provided,

Although this dralt only discusses the guidelines for the Residential Arca,
Planned to mcorporate the desten guidelines for the four other character areas in
the future.

Kaeo

Schiltgen. Lora J, Managing a Rusuc Legacy: A Historic Landscape Study and
Management Plan for Linginire Springs Historic District, Mount Rainier
Nationa? Park, Seattle: USDI. NPS. [886. 158 pp.

B: 015606
T: 105/D-132

Longmire Springs is located in Mount Rainier National Park’s Longmire Village.
‘The vernacular landscape is in need of restoration and repay, on-going management
and protection. and in places sensitive new design.

This Historic Landscape Stacy and Management Plag is undertaken as part of a
diasters dearce by a student of landscups architecture at the University of Oregon.

The concepts and principles developed in the plan are intended to be generally
applicable to other similar sites. The yeport is divided into two muin parts, The tirst
provides au overview of historic preservation and describes a process for managing
historse lanscapes. Part twa of the study is directed specifically at Lonamixe
Spri “The aims of the study are to understand the significance of the landscape.
ideatfy those Kindscape features that contribute to its historic character and
significance, document changes in the landscape over time. and provide a

284 CutTural LaNpscart BieLioGRarHy: Resources IN THE NaTionaL Park System


(1990) Petrogiyph National Monument locuted outside of Albuquerguc, New
Mexico. Second, to document the cullural resource concerns of the Native
Americans and the Spanish heritage people. so that protection at these cultural
yesoiees could be incorporated into the General Managernent Plan thut the National
Park Service is developing for the park.

This five month assessment study involved Tncian Pueblos, Tribes anc Spanish
groups, inchiding the Al} lndian Pueblo Council, Five Sandoval Indian Pueblos
lnc., and the Governing Beard, in group interviews and discussions conceming
both their views about the culuwal resources and a future protocol tor NPS
consuttaion. Tribes included the Jicurilla Apuche Tribe. the Mescalero Apache
Tribe, the Hopi Tribe. and the Nuvajo Tribe,

The assessment proves that effective consultation for the preservation of the
momiment will require a willingness to modify or create plans as a resuli of
consultation, and learning on the part of the peopte involved. Further, a willingness
1o test incremental plans, understand that Consultation is a Jearring process for all
s. und fueus by both the Pueblos and NPS on building tribul members”
id capabilities of working with cuilural resouie issties by stipporting tribal
Historie preservation conmuttees and other efforts with Jimincial resources,

Included in the report is un armotated bibliography. a list of uibal and community
contacts and a tist of New Mexico taudess for 22 tribes.

San Antonio Missions National Historica! Park (TX}

Wl. Cudtnral Landscape Recommendarions: Mixsiun San
van Antonio Missions National Historical Park. (ras). Santa
USDE. NPS. Southwest Regional Office, 1989, 59 pp.

B: 015549

F72/D- 16

Comprised of 870 acres, Sun Antonio Missions National Uistarical Park consists
of several overlapping, but distinct entities —Mission Concepciin, Mission Sant
Jost. Aceguia Park. Lispada Park, Mission San Juan. Mission Espada, Rancho de
Las Cabras, and other areas owned by a counbination of the Archdiovese, focal and.
stale governincnts, private cid zens and oreanizations, and the National Park Ser

Mission San José is third in a chain of five missions along the San Antonio Riv
running north from downtown San Amonio, Texas. Established in (721 by Spanish
Francisca missionaries on te west-bank of the river above the Mooxdplain. the
histouic vernacular landscupe: consists of a church, conventa, indian community
(pueblo). fannland surrounding the mission and un outlying ranch. The Mission
was laid out as a vew village around an open plaza, and includes a designed garden
comtaining plunts for medicinal and culinary use. The site was later fortified in
response (0 the threat of Apache railers, Currently, Mission San José and all
¢ lands whieh make up this unit of San Antanio Missions National
storical Park are owned by the State of ‘Texas and ihe Catholic Archdiceese of
San Antonio, Park managenwaol ts through cooperative agreements with these
bodies.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

€! INTAIN REGIO!

121



A

Adelman, Edward 18, 134

Aderman, Ella W. 66

Agar, Michael 47

Aggo, James K, 73, 78. 266, 204

Aborn, Kathenne 91

Alanen, Arnold R, 5, 6, 17. 22, 24, 105, 133, 134, 159
Alaska Department of Fish and Game 5
Albee. Margaret 44

Albright, John 65, 241

Alexander. Frances 39

Anderson, Bruoe A. 13

Anderson. M.0. 54

Andropogon Associates, Lid. 61, 97, 231. 335
Andrus, Patrick W. 97

Anibal. Charles 29

Ann Beha Associates 87

Antill. Ronaki G. 29

Araio. Chaistine 60

Archilectural Resources Group 74, 274
Architrave PC,. Architects 37

Association for the Preservation Civil War Sites 61
Aument, Lori Renée 37

B

Bacon, Allison 18, 142

Bahr Vemecr Haecker 23

Baker, Knslin 53. 97, 336

Ball, Janet 91

Batlantyne, Duncan 97

Barker, LeoR 72, 91, 325

Barnes, Arthur G, 46, 201

Baron, Kristin L. 74, 269

Barretl, Heather L. 91

Bearss, Edwin C. 19, 20, 22, 45, 84, 146. 152
Bellavia, Regina 22, 51. 61, 62, 67, 97, 150, 233. 336
Bennet, Katherine 54

Berg, Shary Page 56, 65

Birnbaum. Charles A. 65, 66, 91, 97, 243, 244
Bitzel, Paul $1, 57

Biack, Todd 78, 290

Blanchard, Claire 37

Blue Ridge Parkway 308

Boland. Beth M. 100

Boland, Michael 76, 277

Borchers, Perry E. 97

Borstel, Chnstopher 47

Boston Natonal Historic Sites Commission 5§, 227
Boxberger, Daniel L. 76, 79, 281, 295

Boyle, Susan Calafate 23, 156

Bradley, Robert 84

Brady. George 66

Brattan, Susun Power 8&5

Brewster, Ellen Arm 33

Brockway. Lucinda A. 45, 56, 197

Autor Inpex

343



Saratoga National Historical Park (NY)

Lehman, Stuan WA Well Cultivated Domain: A Documensary Study of Farming
on the Schuyler Estates. Saratoga: USD, NPS, 1986. 36 pp.
B: 400331

Saratoga Nationat Historical Park commemorates the American victory over the
British in 1777 as the raening point of the Revolutionary War. The country home of
Major Genera) Philip Schuyler lies close to the Saratoga National Historieal Park.
Schuyler's career us a political, financial. und inifitary leader dusing the later half
of the eighteenth century is considered 10 have overshadowed his agricultucal
accomplishments. ‘Phe aim of this paper is 10 collect and present evidence of the
Sarmfand and gardens of his estate, The research is bused on various primary sources,
including family correspondence. travelers’ journals, receipts. and Schuyler’s letters
and personal records.

References from the sources are presented in this report in chronalogical order for
the fordy years between 1765 and 1805. [Lis hoped that by brtaging these scanered.
details together, a clearer picture of life on the Schuyler farms should emerge,

‘The appendices list the craps, livestock, and pouty which ae documented to
have belonged to the Schuyler family during this period,
RaaaS

Snell. Charles W. Historical Outline for Historical Base Maps-Drawin:
SAR-2017, Saratoga National Ratticfield, Savatogu: UST), NPS. L954. 23

Pp.
B: 015618
T: 3741-22

The American victory at Saratoga im 1777 eoarked the turning point in the
Revohiation. This narvutive for the historic base maps of the lindlefield updates the
Previous research uadertaken in 1941. The study was undeytaken by dhe park,
historian and is haved on tesearch of primary and secondary materials and field
surveys. It documents physic: features, house sites, ground cover, cultivaled tields,
place names, American entrenchients, and British entrenchments.

RRR

Torres, Louis, Historic Resource Study. Barber Wheat Field, October 7, 1777,
Sarataga National Historic Pack. Denver: USDI, NPS. 1974. 73 pp.
B: O496
©; O1496
fr 37441).542
Ni: 275832/PCAQS/MFAG]

The American victory over the British in a bale on October ?. 1777 ut the Barber
wheaifield site is considered to be a turning point in the Revelutton. “The Suralogit
National Historical Park was designated in 1938 to commenorate the event.

The purpose of this xeport is to present information on the ownership of the wheat
Hield and to prowide a desesiption of the arca and ap account of the baitle that took

Annotateo BisLiocRaPHY

239



of Virginius Island. The defined eras are: SetUement (1750-1820), industrial
Development (1820-1855) and Corporate Consolidations and Natural Catastrophes
(1855-1890).

Based on the analysis and evaluation of the landscape teatures, the {stand 1s
determined tw be cligibte for listing in the National Register of Historic Places
under criteria A, duc to its association with events that strengthen our understanding
of broad patterns of history, B because of the involvement of nationally aad
regionally significant individuals, C because the Fstand strongly reflects the
manipulation of the natural resources; and D due to ts designation as an
archeological and natural resource preserve:

Of the three alternatives developed for the site, the preferred is alternative LT,
Reading the Landscape, which emphasizes “reading” the signs of change that have
occurred on the island by enhancernent of leatures, nor delineation, Issues such as
stabilization of Jandscape features, flood protection, vegetation management and
interpretation are addressed. Photographs, section and plan drawings and diagranys
accompany the text. |

cake

Myers, Bruce 8. Historic Grounds Report-Part Hf. Shenandodh and Potomac ;
Streets, Arsenal Square, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, .
Washington. D.C: USDI. NPS. 1965. 15 pp. :
B: 001279
C: 001279 :
T: 385/9-40 ;

The second part of the Historic Grounds Report lor Harpers Fervy National
Historical Park focuses on portions of Shenandoah and Potomac Streets and Arsenal
Square, A proposal to restore the streets by grading. repaving, sctling cobblestones,
and replacing the gutters. sidewalks and curbs in their original locations to resemble.
their appearance in 1859-1865 will be implemented, Hence it is important fo
understand the historical development of the landscape prior to work. ‘The report is
divided into three sections: administrative data, historical data, and landscape cata

The administrative data covers the proposed usc and operation of the restored site,
including plans for the removal or reduction of automobile use of the restored
sections, Jt iy suggested thal a redurn (0 the original macadanl surface may nat be
possible, as it would sesull in very high nyaintenance costs ard a dust problem,
Ahhough the NPS§ does not actually own the city sucets, they are responsible for
Mmainlonance.

The section on historical data is very sbon, and states that no further historical
research is required because during the course of the archeologival and landscape
yesearch, all the required information regarding grading, elevations. and historical
remains already had been determined.

The landscape data is the most comprehensive section aud aticmpls to clarity the
historical evidence. for the streels, pavings, walks, gutters, fences, walls, lamp posts.
trees. shrubs, grassing. benches, and related landscape. ‘Phe history of the site is
recorded, including the dates the streets were macadamized and the sidewalks and
gutless altered. The research is based on army seports and historical photographs.

176 Curtural LanascaPe BiguoGrarHy: RESOURCES i THE NATIONAL Pank SysTet


y a cole in the

and the Pliins [igh School. now the park visitor center, pla
interpretation of the park.

This report was prepared by a student imern while atthe National Park Service
Sovtheast Regional Office. Whitcanih was guided by regionul office stall and
professors at the University of Georgia, Departinent of Landscape Architecture.
NPS Ilistorian. Len Brown. directed the research and wrote the history section of
the reporl.

The significance and integvity of the Plains High School, located within the Nutional
Historical Site, had been studied and documented. However, the histori¢ importance
of the surrounding Jandscape was largely ignored. Therefore, this report was
prepared ta address the following issues and goals: document the significance and
integrity of the dandseupe; udapt the site for fulure use as a visitor and community
center as called for in the General Management Plan (review deatt of 1992); and
provide & management plan to pres: restore ancl rehabilitate significant resources
aod to guide future development of the site.

Chapter J contains a statement of existing conditions, a description of histarte
conditions, and un analysis of the significance and integrity of the landscape, Chapter
T] presents three alternatives, cach of which is based upon one of the following
preservation treatments: preservation, restoration, and rehabiJitation, Chapter HI
conuuins the muinagement plan, wherein management guidelines are provided based
upon accommodating fatue use with minimal impact to the cesource and restoring,
listoric conditions anly if it is necessary for the visitor's understanding of the
significance of the resource.

The report contains many historte and more recent photographs, as well us s
plans and diagrams that key in the historic landscape features, existing conditions,
wud proposed management plans, Appendices include a copy of the congressianal
act mandating the NHS, a historic plant list, a list of existing vegetation. 45 well as
a bibliography.

Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site (GA)

Lawliss Lucy A. Martin Jyther King dc Nationat Historic Site Culercl
Landscape Report: Birth: Home Block, Atlanta: USDI. Southeast
Regional Office and Georgia State University, Cultural Resource Planning,
Division. 1995. 202+ pp.

B: 017254

T: A8Of19-23

The Martin Luther King, Ir. National [léstorée Site is located in the city of Atlanta,
Georgia and includes the area along Aubum Avenue, referred to as the Birth-llome
Block. It contains approximately 23.18 acres and the home of Martin | auher King,
Js, The site is leased by the National Park Service from the Center fer Nonviolent
Social Change, Inc.

The objective of this report is to research and document the urbun residential
landscape associated with the birth-lome of Martin Luther Ring. Je. It acklresses.
the overall streetscape und the yards within the Birth-lome Block. The period ot

ANNOTATED BisLioGRAPHY

317



Antietam National Battlefield (MD)

Hoau's Anticramn
JSD1, NPS, Denver

Joseph, Maureen DeLay. Historie Wivadler Restoraion, We
National Baulefield, Sharpsburg, Marylued, Denver:
Service Center, 1994, 48 pp,

B: 017623
T: S02MD-55

Established ay a natiynal batllefield site in 1890. Antctam (Sharspburg) National
Battlefield commmenivrares the cud of General &, Lee's first invasion of the North,
which occurred at this site in 1862. The most significunt change 40 the landscape
in the Sharpsburg area of Muryland occurred in September 1862, during the Battle
of Antictan, ant te subsequent Uoion oecupation, The area now holds national
signiticance because of the use by both Union und Confederate armies,

Landscape features inchiding cidgetines, rack outcrops, and woodkands acted as
cover during the battles. with the int significant cnmigements accurring in what is
now known as the West Woods, A 1992 General Managerucot Plan (GMP) reveiled
the need 10 reestablish historic woodlands within the vicinity of Sharpsburg,
Maryland due ty theis role in the Antietitin Batlle. Much of the action was along
the edge of the woodlot. without which the “historic scene is incamplete, und the
spatia) guality and character are no longer understood,”

Asexpliined in the brief introduction, the primary goal of this study is ta determine
the character and boundaries of the West Woods in order co recreate the historic
scene at the time of the batde (Scpteanber 1862).

Once determined, the National Park Service wil] restore and maintuin the woodkot
using the same management principles uscd in the (864s, determined by Iistorie
documentation and an existing conditions survey for restoration and species
selection,

The remaining three sections vf the ecpor discuss he Landscape History. provide
a West Woods Ownership Chronalygy, and give Recommenda-tions based on
historical analysis and the 1992 GMP.

The Landscape History reviews the setJement patterns of the area and divides the
history into five separate tine periods: The farming community seemem {L750-
786] the War years (1864-1865); Reconstruction alter the Civil War (4865-1890):
Preservation of the site by the War Department (1890-1932); ancl NPS manayentent
period (4933-1994). A chronology of West Woods Ownership and adjacent
propenics is provided at the end of the history section.

The Recommendations include a brief historical analysis of the circulatiun system
developed during the War Deparment period, influcnees of the adjacent properties,
modern intraston ind the importance of historic views. A shurt ceview of the GMP
intioduces specific recommendations forthe site hased on the findings of this report.
A species composition section provides recommendations based on present species:
composition patlerns, historic species composition and natural resource
managemept needs for wildlife habitat. Composition recommendation is given by
percent of donzinunt and subdortiinant species that should comprise the West Woods,

and the Reforestation Guidelines include criteria for sizing. space atlowance, and

ANNOTATED BiBLioGRaPHY

165


RTHEAST REGIOI

New River Gorge National River (WV)

Land & Community Associates for EDAW, Ine. Culvert Landscape Report,
Grandview, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia. Denver: USDI.
NPS, Denver Service Center. 1994. LOH pp.

T: 637A9-93

Nicely, Jobn, Billy Joe Peyton, J. William Uill, Joe Candie. Tracy McDonald,
The Trump-Lilty Farm: Historic Srractures and Caltect Landscape
Report, Technical Report 7. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia Laiversiry.
Institute for the Histary of Technol nel Industrial Archeology. (994.
347 pp.

B: 016390

Petersburg National Battlefield (VA)

Andropagen Associates, Lid. Harthworks Landscape Management Acsion Plaw
for the Petersburg Nativnal Batlefield, Philadelphia: USDI, NPS, Mid-

Atlantic Regional Olfice. 1988. 38 pp. tAanotuted)

B: O14667

"Ti 3250-53

Richmond Nationa{ Sattiefield Park (VA)

Dickinson, Clifford 8. Histerical Landscape Study: Terrain of Cold Harber
Bustlefield, fune 1, i864. Carlisle, Penn: United States Army Military
History Insane, 1988, 19+ pp.
8B: 014678

Iris-Williams, Petes, ct, al. Conserving Richmond's Burtiofields, Philadelphia:
USD], NPS, Mid: Adantic Regional Office, 1990, 80+ pp. (Annotated)
TB: D1SS46,
T: 367/1D-9

Associalion for the Preservation of Civil War Sites, Ine. ctu. Dociemeniting
Richmond's Civil War Barttefields, Vols, | and 2. Richmand: USDI, NPS.
1996. 450+ pp.

Roger Wiiliams National Memorial (Rt)

National Park Service. fategrated Pest Management Plan. Roger Williaons
Nationa! Memorial, Boston; USDI1, NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape
Preservation, 1999,

Sagamore Hi!) Nationa) Historic Site {NY)

Bellavia, Regina, and David Uschold. Cudaral Landscape Report for
Saxytmore Hill, Valine 2: Treatment Recommendations. Boston: USD,
NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation, 1998. 57 pp.

Compréexenswe BiatiacrapHy 61



Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River (NY, PA)

O'Donnel, Patricia and Churles A. Birnbaum. Zane Gi
Peansylvania, Preliminary Cultaral Landscape As,
USD), NPS. Mid-Atantic Regional Office. 1990),
B: 015582

y Property, Lackawaxen.
smart, Philadelphia:
Ip.

The 73.4-miile stretch of free-flowing river hetween Hancock and Sparrow Bush,
NY, along the Pennsylvania-New York border las been set aside as the Upper
Delaware Scenic and Recreation River site, Withia the park is ihe Ruebting Bridge,
batteved to be the oldest existing wire-cuble suspensian bridge and the Zane Grey
bome and museum

Zane Grey, noted author of western novels, resided it this property. located at the
confluence of the Lackawaxen and Delaware rivers, between 1904 und VYL8. It
was at this site that Grey began his professional career. The property originatly
covered six acres, Today, a core area af 0.99 acces is owned by the Nationa’ Park
Service as purt of the Upper Dekaware Scenic and Recreational River. The site
Inchides the main house and grounds and is operated as a house musewn, The
mconmncodations conlained in this report are inlended to akdress both the National
Pwk Service owned site and the kurger arce formerly owned by the Greys,

This project inveives a pretininary assessment of the vernacular Jandscape of the:
property, and provides a supplement to the historic structures report. The report
focuses on the significant periad of the Zane Grey residency and assesses current
condilions against bisterie conditions. The research was undertaken by two 1
landscape architects. which invelved field reconnaissance of the property und a
review of secondary documentary material, For the latter, sources included the:
ISR. HABS report, reports rom areheological consultants, and histeric
photographs and posicards.

The history of the Jandscape js descrihed jn a section on landscape chronalogy and
assessmienl. Four clironologtcal poricnds are recogitized ir the development of dee
landscape: early history (1846-1905; Grey family property (1905-1918): Post
residency (1933- 1989} and National Park Service (1989-1990), The landscape of
each of these periods is described and itlustrated. Between 1905 and 1918. the
Greys were ia ulmost contmuous ovcupancy. uring those years, the site evolved
te include tite cattage were they lived, the Holbert farmhouse, 2 cat hase, cabin,
garden plots, various outbuildings, tennis courts, and lhe houses 0!
brother and parents, The physical changes and ufterations 10 the site, following:
this period of significance. ure also documented.

The exisling conditions at the site are assessed, The maturity of much of the
veyetation, panicularly the formal plant ubstantially alter the character of
the landscape. inhibiting views in and out of the site. Many of the original landscape:
features have also been bast,

The report suggests thal a primacy objective for the landscape treatment should be
Ww support visitor Comprehension of the complex Zane Grev family property. The
final sectian presents general guidance oa both shoct and long-term means of
achieving this objective. Itis suggested that the initial step required is the production
of a detailed topographic survey at the property, which could be used to develap a
full CLR for the site. The report would include the lollowing: a definitive site

Annotated BialiocRarHy

243


SoutHeast Recion

Jove of wildness and dogs not illustrate the constant changes. both natural and
manmade that defined its historic character,

Based on the historical research and assessment of integrity, restoration and
management alternatives are proposed. The landscape components previously
identified are grouped into four categorics based on the management practices
occuring during the Sandburg period: areas where vegetation was released lo
successional change; areas where vegetation was removed and ye-planied; areas
where vegetation was added: arcas where vegelation was lost.

Four possible management alternatives represcating the types of management
occurring during the Sandburg period arc defined: a nzpetition of the historic pattern,

such as a complete reiteration of the changes which took place between 1945 and
1967, and a retum to their initial state afiey a 20 year period: a modified repetition |
of the historic patern involving partial restoration which may be necessary if
documentation is incomplete or costs make complete restoration unfeasible. |
Modifications include expanding the historic Gime period or repeating only paris I

of the historic change: (he preservation of an area as it was at a specific moment in
time; the telease of an area to a hardwood sere. These. management options are
applied and discussed for each of the four categories outlined above. This discussion
provides the basis for the specilic management recommendations which arc detailed
in the final chapter of the report,

Itis suggested that the appropriate management objective guiding recommendations
for ihe Connemara landscape should be the restoration of fecling associated with
the Sandburg period. Management techniques which provide a variety of changing,
landscapes should he encouraged 10 represcot the “spirit of chan: Overall
management recommencations are described, which include general maintenance
procedures, control of exotics. costs, priorities, and the Hexibility cof the proposed
tuanagement program. Detailed management recommendations are provided lor
each landscape area which are then illustrated on plans and linked 16 4 20 year
maintenance schedule. Suggestions are also mace for interpretation of the landscape.

eokae

Han, Susan. Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site Cidnivat Landscape
Report, Alana; USDI, NPS. Southeast Regional Office, Cultural Resources
Planning Division, 1993. 154 pp.

B: 017252
T: 4450-16

Carl Sandburg spent the last iwenty-wo years of his career as a poet in the solitude
aad beauty of his farm, Connensaya in the Souther Appalachians. The site is located
in Flat Rock, North Carolina and begins with a history dating from 1838 when a
residence was built by Christopher G. Memminger, Secretary of the Treasury for
the Confederate Staes of America. In 1945 the Sandburgs moved to Connemara,
which was chusen by Mrs. Lilian “Paula” Sandburg because of its winding drive.
tal! pines and the barn where she could continue 10 raisc her goats. Congress
designated the estate a National Historic Site in 1967, afier the death of Carl
Sandburg, and it was opened to the public in 1974. The historic period for the site
is determined to be 1960-1967 because of the documentation available for this
time frame.

M12 Cuuturat Lanoscare BisuioGrarHy: RESOURCES IW THE Narionat Park SYSTEM


Register of Historic Places. ‘The study was creaiud due to the increasing titevest
and professionafisns of landscape preservation. While signifivam park buildings
and suuctures were being recognized, the larger Landscapes of which they were un
ral part were being evertooked

The study is sweat to serve ay a national comext for identifying, evaluating, and
2 gecat somber of historic park dandscapes influenced by the Nationat
Park Service. This study was written [rom the point of view af ihe landscape
architecture profession, us it has played a primary role in the development of parks
from 1916 to 1942.

This study can be used for a variety of purpases. by a variety of governmental and
private agencies at the nutignal, sta, and Jocal Jevel, The following are examples
of some of the by-products, potential uses, and users of dhts study.

f).A ovultiple property documentation form entitled “Historic Park Landscapes in
National and Stute Parks," was prepared which park ugencies at various levels.
of government, SHPOs, and local goveraments may Use to [acilitate nomination
of parks and park landscapes

2) A guide to idemifying the componem resources that are a part of the legacy of
the NPS designers from [916 to 1942, serving preparers of List of Classified
Siructures (LCS) and Cuftural Landscape inventory (CL) and those preparing
Nuuonal Register forms.

3) Documentation and references regarding specificutions af the feature level could
aid rehabililation and restoration projects.

4) Serve as a model statement of historic context for a theme that can be
mneasing fly examined from 4 national perspective and applied ty a lage number
of cultural landscapes

5) Help national, state. and local park agencies in developing historie contexts
related 10 conservation, park development, recreation, landscape architecture.
wrehiteclure, und engineering

G6) Promote further study of Jandseape design of local, state, and national parks.

KERR

Melnick, Robert 2.. Daniel Sponn, and Huma J. Suxe. Cultanal Landscapes:
Reval Historic Districts in the National Park Susten, Washington, DC:
LSDL. NPS. 1984. 80 pp.

B: 612830

C: Q12830

T: 999D-259

Nz PBSS-JO6037/PCAOS/MEAOI

Rural Historie Districts art defined in this report as rural lanclseapes within national
parks that have special culouval values. These rural vermacular landscapes, are places:
thin have been setrled. conirolied, manipulated, or altered for many generations,
Rural Historic Districts qualify for listing on the National Register. As one of the
first documents written about cultural landscapes in the National Park System, the
purpose of this munual is to provide twols for park managers to idemily, evaluate,
register and manage these significant Jandscapes. [t covers identification
evaluation lechniques, registration information. managernem standards. guidelines
for applying standards, and uptions for management,

ANNOTATED BisiioGRAPHY

Generac Re

329



MI

National Park Service. Culivral Londscape Report, Fart Suith National
Histaric Site, Ouvaba; USD], NPS, 1998, 106 pp.
B: GOOL8S
T: A219-59

— __. landscape Management Plan, Fort Soith National Historic Stte.
Qimaha: USL NPS. 1986, 357 pp. (Annotateet)
B: GO01 83
TV: 4211-38

George Rogers Clark Nationa! Historical Park (IN)

Bearss, Fdwin C, Historic Suichuves Repori. Historical Data and Historic
Orosids Study, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park. Omaha:
USDINPS, 1977. 107 pp.

B: 012655
C2 012625
1: 440/D.14196

Notional Park Service. Cultural Landseape Repari for Geome Ragers Clark
National Historical Park, (Draft). Omaha: USBI, NPS. 1995, 115 pp.

George Washington Carver National Monument (MO)

Hintington, John, chal. Aa bitegrated Management Plan jor the George
Washington Carver National Momaneat, Omaha: USDI. NPS. 1998.
25)+ pp.

Grand Portage National Monument {MN)

Woolworth, Alan R, Grand Portage National Monument, Am Eistes
Overview and an feventory of ts Cultura Resources. 2 vol. Minneapolis:
Minnesota Historical Society. (982. 389+ pp.

B: 052316
T: 3981-17

Woolworth, Alan R, A ffistorical Study of the Grand Portage. Minneapolis:
Minnesota Historical Society, 1993. 105 pp.

Harry $ Truman National Historic Site (MO)

Cockrell. Ron and Keith Krueger, Critaral Landscape Report: Barry S
Trnan National Historic Sire, Missorri, Onvalu: USDI, NPS, Midwi
Regional Office, Planning and Resource Preservation, 1989 198+ pp.
[Annorated)

B: 014979
T: 492/D-9
N: PBO)-105304/PCAL/IMFALI

ComPREHENSivE BiBLiOGRAPHY 19

vest Recion


the cwrent landscape patterns and features ace described und compared to the
Historic Jadscape, and its integrity evaluated, [t is concluded that the overall
pvironnent is largely undouched by many aspects of the 20th century, aid there is
still a visible connection 10 an earlier time,

This teaditional landscape is, however, under threat particularly Sram subdivision
for residential developinent wong the shorefine. Alterittions cansidered most ftkely:
ty have a major iinpact on either the overall setting or the specitic view areas are:
achange in major band use patterns; changes in the density, spacing, orientation, or
design of built areas; and changes in specific landscape patterns. Further detail is:
given on cach of these with examples of accepfuble or compatible changes and
unacceptable developments,

Cooperation between landowners, zovermment, nod privute organizations is essential
for effective conservation of the landscape’s setting. particularly since the National
Pack Service no plans to acquire additional Jand to protect the setting. The
sport outlines steps thut may be taken 1o help promot conservation. Appropriate
sand planning methads ta achiese conservation are described. They
include: conservation easements, Westmorekind County comprehensive planning,
Westmoreland County zoning. historic district zoning, shoreline setback
requirements, ultusal zoning, och ricultural preservation measures.
ordinance for special assessments for agriculiiral. hosticuliusal, forest or open
space Teal estate, agricultural and forestal districts, the Virginia Land Evaluation
and Site Assessment System, und lustly, National Register designation of the entire
setting as a historie district,

Gettysburg National Military Park (PA)

John Milner Associates. A Chisieral Landscape Study of the James 2. Wills Farm,
Getrysburg, Penrsylvania, Philadelphia: USDL NPS, L988. 80 pp.
B: 014080

Gettysburg Nativnal Military Park vonumemorates Wie Civil War battle Fought here
July 1-3. 1863, us well us the fumous Gettysburg Address delivered by Abraham
Lincoln at the dedication of the cemetery in 1863.

The Wills Furm property survives is a relatively intuct and vaeltered cxample of
the Moderate sized fans Tut dominated the wgricultural seene in South Central
Pennsylvania during the late nineteenth and carly twenticth century. ‘The property
consists of approximately two hundred acres of gently rolling farmland, and is
wholly contained within Geuysburg National Military Park.

The National Park Service holds the property in fee simple ownership and leases
the Jand and outbuildings fo a local tenant. The NuGanal Park Service initiated this
study to esnerme information on which to base decisions for the long-term
mangement of the vernacular landscape. The study is based on documentary
research. including both primary and secondary sources, and Held observation of
the property's built and natural environment, Historic preservation cGnsultants in.
association with a landscape architecture praclice undertook the work,

Annotateo BigtiogRaPHy

2141


ENERAL REPORTS

Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve. Continued agricultural use of dands in the reserve, (NPS, c. £983)

90 Cutturat LANDSCAPE BietioGRAPHYy: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionaL Park Systets


Miowest REGION

26 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL. PARK SYSTEM



retained the site until 1965 when the National Park Service was given the property
as a gift from the Memorial.

This first volume of this CLR includes historical research and fick) unulysis that
shows the evolution of the landscape for Saint-Gaudeas National Historic Site.
This report inchides documentation of the bistory of the site, inventory and anuhysis
of its present condition and (he preparation of period plans that accompany cach
chapter showing how the site appeared. The second volume will include the site
and will establish the histone context and evaluate the landscape 's
significance and intugruy.

Volume 1 is organized into chapters corresponding Lo different periods of ownership;
‘The Augustus Saint-Gaudens Ownership Part | (188S-Sept. 1903): The Augustus
Saint-Gaudens Ownership Part U (Ovt. 1993-August 19197), Augusta Saint-Gaudeas”
Ownership (August 1207-July 1926), The Saint-Gaucens Memorial Ownership
(1925-1965): National Park Service Ownership (1965-1992),

The first four chapters discuxs the changes that occurred during the development
af the . The personal marks Augustus created in his environment, such as the

relocation of gardens, and the creation of a memorial by Augusta to her husband.
ation elforts of the Navional Park Service, including the cle:

(F990- 1992} reveal that there
were only rainor variahons made in plantings, paths, steps. circulation patterns
und use areas berween 1903 and 1996, as seen through overlay of maps from these
time pericds, The more imponiant changes are the addition of the Temple and alter.
the addition of the courtyard within the gallery. the addition of the Birch Allee anct
the addition of the Adams Memorial within the hedge.

‘The issue of significance of the landscape, context und integrity are to be fully
explored in the Cuttoral Landscape Report. Part IL \ list of repositories consulted
and ihe outcome ace included ay well ay a bibliography of other resources. and
TECOMINEN ns for further research,

Salem Maritime National Historic Site (MA}

Kucha, Daniel R.. Wallon Stowell, and Anihur L. Sullivan, Historic Srreetures
Report— Part }, Adwninistrative, Historical, and Landscape Data, the
Narbonne House aad the Chaise House. Washington, DC: USDI. NPS.
1965. 51 pp.

B: 000774
©: 000774
Ti: 37D 15

Salem Maritime National [istone Site preserves strtcturcs which date (rom the
cra when Salem ships opened trade with ports in the Far Kasi. During the
Revolution War Salem was the only major port in the northern cofonies to escape.

The Narbonne House is ote of the structures preserved within the Salem Maritime
National Historic Site, The bome is presumed to have heen built by the Narbonne

Axnotaten BisiograPHy

NortHeast Recion

237


require upgrading and improving in the future. The study is undertakca by a NPS
landscape architect and Park Road Planning Coordinator and myolved consultation
whth the park staff. This report forms one ef a series of design guideline documents
for Sequata and Kings Caityon,

The fast balf of the repod contains an analysis of the exasting park roads and
design details, The road system wahin ute park is relatively simple, consisting of
one main ret, he Generals Highway. and a number of secondary roads to visitor
atuactions and administrative areas, The Gencrals Highway provides the main
driving experience fay most park visitors and fur the vast majority. their main
experience of the park. Four disunei areas are defined along the road, each with a
differem character and visitor experience. The Ridgetop area, Big Sree area,
Switchback area, and Kaweah Canyon are all described,

The Generals Highway was constructed between 1920 and 1933. fts distinctive
character was defined and developed prin y through the repetition of simple
» clements by the Crvilian Conservation Corp (CCC) between 1953
‘ing rustic details are described and illustrated winh photographs,
and include materials, walls, curbs, drainage [eatures. bridges. guardrail, signs
temouts and parking arcas.

The second part of the report contains the design recommendations. It states that
these guidelines are not mtended 10 stifle creativiny or provide a pattern for all road
development. They should, however, provide 2 consistcat philosophy aad design
style, and promate continuity of detail throughout the parks. {t is recommended
that rustic design principles contidue to prevail. native avaterial be used, and details

298

CunturaL LannscaPe BiBuioGRaPHy: Resources im THE National Park System


Commonwealth of ¥ ia State Historic Preservation Office. and the National
Park Service. The document summarizes the findings of a series of workshops and
extensive public consultayons.

The history of the Cri! War in and around Richmonil ix descitbect, and landscape

< stace the Crvi] Wate recorded. Threats to the bailictichts incdude the loss of
raral character, dack of protection, and lack of identification. Other community
concerns include the small and isolated nature of caisting baulefield parks, the
inappropriate boundary of the Richmond National Ballefield Park, insensitivity
of some batlefield conservalion actions te the landowner and community,
Himitations of existing interpretation, poor quality of visitor facilites, amd lathore
to exploit ihe economic ant tourism patentiat of the battlefields.

The siudy identifies thirty-two batdeticld locations in and around Richinond. Three
sets of criteria were developed in the workshops to evaluate these resources: cultural
ty to contribute to the interpretation of the bates. and

- The Richmond Civil War Heritag
The aint of the imitialive is tw conserve, through voluniary action and private-public
puttership, a “necklace” of batueticlels from the North Anna River to Petersburg.
These battlefields would be strung with clusters of high quality heritage interpretive
i services, The main clements in
this approach include: a Heritage Council of community representatives to
coordinate balehield conservation, interpretation, and promosion activities: a
Conservation Incentive Program for laadewners aud local governments within the
battlefield sett 4 Batdefield Trail and heritage interpretation pragrain; a
Pronumion Uffort that shaweases Richmond's Civil War heritage, other cultural
activities, and recreation opportunities which encourages appropriate development.

Sagamore Hill National Historic Site (NY)

Bellavia, Regina M.. and George Curry. Cudteral Leundseape Report for
Sagamore Hill National Historic: Site, Volume 1) She Histors, Existing
Conditions, ane Analysis. Cultural Laactscape Publication No. 8. Buston:
LSDE. NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation . 1995, 357 pp.
B: O13044

T: 419-13

his home for thirty
functioned as » working fare that inchided a garden, pastures and agricuttura
ftekls with fruits and vegetables, Roosevelt purchased the property in 880, which

continued undoes the care of the Roosevelt family until 1948, The Roosevelt
Memorial Association, which later became Theodore Roosevelt Association, bought
1948 and opened the Roosevelt home as a muscum. The property

the property
functioned as a museum and park until the Theodore Ronsevelt Association
transferred the property fo the National Park Service in 1963. The period of
significance for the property ix 1880-1919, the time Roosevelt was associated with
the site

Annotates Bisuiocrapny

233


Recommendations, The Site Analysis is documented by reviewing dre historic
condition, the existing condition of the features wid evaluating whether they ite
contributing or oon-contibuting to the integrity of the site, Based oo the seven
eniteria of uteyrity (location, design, setting, materials. workmanship, teeling, aud
association), the Jefferson Nitional Expansion Meaiorial rewins a high degree of
integrity and confinues to convey its significance us a designed Jandscape.

‘The weatmnent eecontmendalion, based on the findings of this CLR, is rehabilitation,
which is intended 10 improve a historic property that “makes possible un elficient
contemporary use” While preserving features significant to the historical or cultural
values of the site. General and specific lreutment recommendations are given for
all landscape elements and a fult-scate pfan depicting dhe recommendations is
inchidud in the report,

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Miowest Reston

tnen's winning competition entey, perspective view (NPS. 1933)

154



TECHN

340 CurTurat LANDSCAPE BigLioGRAPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEm



visitor use and services, including parking: planting in a sub-alpine environment;
and resolving a design problem at many scates, simultancously.

Fach student team prescoted their design altematives to the course insluctors and
other design tcams at mid-term penod. One design alternative js chosen for cach
team to prepare for the remainder of the course. At the end of the course, cach
student team presented their design solutions to Mi. Rainier park staff and regional
service staff designers. The design solutions presented are contained in this report,
expressed in narrative text as wel! as architectural sketches and drawings.

Nez Perce National Historical Park (ID, MT, OR, WA}

Catton, Ted. Nes Perce National Historical Park. Administrative History, Seattle:

est Region. 1996, 176 pp.

T. a29/-49

The idea for Nez Perce National Historical Park originated in vo scparate
movements. ‘The fest movement featured the longstanding ¢fforts of white residents
of the Clearwater Valley to commemorate the nincteenth-century activities of
Protestant iouaries Henry and Eliza Spuiding. The second movement sprang
from the efforts of the Nez Perce Tribe to foster job growth un their reservation
through tourism development. Beginaing about 1961, activists in the hwo
movements began working logether toward a common goal of establishing 4 national
historical park. The resulting campaign garnered support from both the Bureau of
India Affairs and the National Park Service. and culminated it the Nez Perce
National Historical Park Act on May 15, 1965.

The park's 38 sites, spreading across Idaho, Washington, ard Montana
commemorate the Nez Perce. Five sites are owned and managed by the NPS at
Spalding. Canoe Camp. Fast Klamath, White Bird Battlefield, and Big Hote National
Battlefield,

This ceport provides an administrative history of Nez Perce National Historical
Park by giving a detailed account of the origins of the park, the administrative
development, jand acquisition and protecuon, visitor protection, interpretation of
the park. cultural resousces, and the natural resource management of the park. it
also explains new additions to the Nez Perce National itistorical Park and che new
digections that the administration hes for the park's future,

The report contains a bibliography, a pictorial cssay, an index, maps, and
photographs.

eek

Gilbert, Cathy A., Gretchen A. Lunxenberg, and Marsha R. Tolon. /isteric
Landscape Report: Spalding Unit, Nez Perce National Historical Park,
idaho, Seattle: USDI. NPS, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Cultural
Resources Division. 1990. 147 pp.

B: 015224
T: 429/D-32
N: PR9I-105288

286 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BieLIOGRaPHY, RESOURCES IN THE National Park SysTeM



NortHeast Recion

Lane Frenchman & Assoviutes. Caéterat Laadscape Report, Jacub Riis Park,
Gateway National Reercation Area. 2 Vols. Boston: USDI, NPS, 1989.
{Annotued) t20 pp.

015620

T: G46/D-147

National Park Service. Vegetation Mandgcowm Altcraatives and Maintenuace
Guidelines; Fort Wadsworth, Boston: USDL NPS, Olmsted Center for
Landscape Preservation. 1998. 100 pp.

George Washington Birthplace Nationa! Monument (VA}

Belluvia, Regina. with Paul Bitzel, Preservation Maintenance Plan for Gearge
Wastungion Buthplace National Menument. Boston: USDI. NPS, Olmsted
Comer for Landscape Preservanon, 1997 250 pp.

Dobeny. Jonathan L. Couserving the Setting of George Washingion Birthplace:
An Adjacent Lands Study, Philadelphia: USDI, NPS, Mid: Adantic
Regional Office. Division of Park and Resource Planning. 1987, 63 pp.
(Aqnorated}

B: 0150
T: 3324-19

OCULUS, in association with FPW Architects, and John Milner and
Associates. George Hushirgton Birthplace National Monument,
Westmareland County, Cutnuat Landscape Report. Vol. /: Site Physicat
History und Existing Conditions Dacuntentation. Philadelphia: 1.
NPS, Northeast Region. Philadelphia Support Office. 1999.

OCULUS. in association with FPW Architects, and Johr ev anch
Associates. George Washington Birthplace National Monument.
Westmoreiand County, Cultural Landscape Report, Voi. i: Anatysis wad
Evaluation and Treatment Plan. Philadelphia: USDE, NPS, Northeast
Region, Philadetphia Support Office. 1999.

Gettysburg National Military Park {PA}

Bellavia, Regina. and Charles Pepper. Ovchared Management Assessin
(Draft), Boston: USDE NI
1997. 10 pp.

t.
S, Olinsted Center for Landscape Preservation.

Rellavia, Regina, ancl Paul Bitzck. Specunca Tree Assessment, Boston: USD,
NPS, Olmsted Center for Landseape Preservation, 1997. 10 pp.

Doherty, Jonathan L.. Boundary Suey: Gettysburg National Military Park,
Draft Report to Congress, Environmental Assessment. Philadelphia: USDI,
NPS, Mid-Atlantic Regional Office. Division of Park and Resource
Planning. (988, 39 pp.

B: 014708
T: 305/N-33

Bogle, Reed. L. Cultural Lenrdscape Report: The Soidiers' National Cemetery,
Gentysburg, Pennsytvania. Geitysturg, PA: USDI. NPS, Gettysburg
Nattonal Military Park, 1994. 234 pp.

Comprevensive Breurocraery §1



City of Rocks National Reserve (ID}

Nationat Park Service. Mistaric Resources Smay: City of Rocks National
Reserve, Southcentral fdelie. Seattle: USDL NPS, Pacific West Field Area,
Columbia Cascades System Suppor Office. 1996. 150+ pp.

B: 017249
T: GOM-16

The City of Rocks National Reserve is located in south central idaho, 30 mites
south of the Suuke River Canyoo and 2 miles necth of the Utah barder, It ties
within ihe southeen end of the Albion Mountains and is characterized by extreme
topographic relief.

Io 1964, the National Park Service. designated the City of Rocks a National Historic
Lundsmark for its association with Overland Migration. roughly spanning the years
AR through 1869. anigrant inscriptions and vestiges of the CalifornivOregon
Trail represented this historic use. Landmark staws was expanded in 1974. with
designation of the city #s a National Natural Landmark. In 1878. Congress
established the City of Rocks Nulional Reserve encompassing the city and the
California Trail ruts. The site alsa avied as land witness to the Kelton-Boise stage
yout. the free-range cuttle industry, range wars, the birth af forest reserves, dey
land and intigated farming, and the geowth of stable conununities,

This expanded land base demanded additional reseaceh in post-migration land
nse, Increased lourisma, encouraged by the establishment of the Nation) Reserve
and by the area’s growing reputation as a climbing resowree, also necessitated a
lore carefully considered identiitcation af those resources critical to our
understanding af the historical use and significance of he wegion, For these reasons,
research for this Listoric Resources Study was conducted.

“This study is derived from research in primary and secondary revords related to
travel routes. Jand use, settlement patterns, and infrastructure development. it is
designed to provide a foundation for the formal evatudtion ancl nomination of
of Rocks historic resources to the National Register of Tlistoric Places. The project
included a field review and the HRS concludgs with the identification of extant
vesources within the boundaries of the reserve. arranged on the basis of shared
historic association or “property type.”

The three main sections of the report are Natural History of the City af Racks:
Historical Development of the City of Rocks: and [istorical Cultural Resources in
the City of Rocks Natignal Reserve. The repord ingludes an annotated biblivgcaphy
and appendices, and is supported with mups, plans, aud photogruphs.

Coulee Dam Nationa! Recreation Area (WA)

Gilbert, Cuthy A. The Historie Landscape of Fort Spokane: A Pretiminery Srudy,
Coulee Dum National Recreation Avea. Seattle: USDI. NPS. 1984. 26 pp.
B: 12879
T: 606/1D-64

‘The Fon Spokane military post was established in 1880. to zesalve conflicts between
the Indian tribes of the nent Columbian plateau and the white settlers ariving in

Annotatep BipuoGRAPHY

Paciéic WE

253

EGION


Fire Island National Seashore. Fire Island Light Station boerdwalk und coastal kandscape. (PS. oa.)

190 Cuttural LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionaL Park System


Design guidelines we been produced for both Jandseupe and buildings. The
Jandscupe recommendations address the follmving componeats: new development,
cieculation, plauting and materials. ‘he building recorimendations cover target
abjectives for development, visitor aecommodation, employee housing, food and
support services withia the Ludge, support fac! and include a recreational
development plan.

Information is aso included on the condition of the building Jahric, code campliance
for development objectives and the histosical staus of buildings. & recommended
zpproach for rehabijitation of the interiur of the J odge is suggested.

The appendia to the report conlains the Secretary vf the interior's Standards for
Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rekahilitatiny Historie Buildings.

hase

eier, Renee L. Rosemary inas A Historic Landscupe, Obyrytic
Seattle: USI. NPS. 1987. 63 pp.
B: O14079
Te LA9/1)-149

Rosemary Inq is focated on Barnes Point along wie shore of Lake Creseznt. The
jon complex, owned by Rosesnary Litileton, is one of a mtumber of lakeside resorts
opened at the turn of ahe century. The vernaculer landscape comprises a filleen
acre clearneg in the forest which contained a Lode aad later a resort canip with
tents, which were subsequently replaced with 18 upigite and individually crafted
cottages, designed and built by Jobin Luann using indigenous internals, As well as
we buildings, the comptex included a diagonal svolt garden and a snialt beach.
Seven acres ure included tn ihe nomination of the dui to de National Register of
Historic Places, One of the recommendations of ahis report is that he boundaries.
of the historic district be redefined 10 include at larger area.

The report provides a brief history of the site. and covers structures, ground and
garden features, vegetation. and entrances. This is followed by a site analysis, The
integrity of the site is considered to be intact with the original building patterns
and site layout still evident, although most of the outbuildings no longer exist.
Evidence of the original strofl gardens alse still remains and a list is given of the
existing ocnmumental plants and their condition. The current circulation at the site is
described in this section and a buse map of existing conditions is produced.

A short chapter outlines the elements of the site to be preserved. The buildings and
landseape of the site possess integrity of location. design, sewhig. materials,
workmanship. feeling, and ussociation. Specific features on and around the historie
core that are inspomant tv its character are outtined. such as ntain the sevitcdled
nature Of Te Complex, preserve the nuture of the open meadow in contrast to the
surrounding dense mixed forest. maintain all existing remnants of the gurden and
vegetation, preserve the smadl-seale and organization of the architectural sumcnues.
on and around the site, and preserve the isolated sense and high visual quality of
the uutamobile entrance along the narrow forested driveway leading fo the site.

Avthe time of writing this report, proposals had been nade Jor the rehabilitation oF
the Rosemary Inn site for the tocalion of the Olympic Institute, a lied studies

Annorateo BiBLiocRaPHy

289



1919, Rush thrived with ten mining cantpanies and thirteen mines within its
comines. Today Rush is an aninhabised ost cown’ with only five swading
dwellings. « general store, livery. blacksmith aud signe smelter aud the reiinanis
aud tuins of former buildtegs and mines

A Development Concept Plar (DCP) was approved for Rush in 1986. Tt proposed
stabilization of the wooden structures, audition of a wail system, inlerprelation of
historic mining features and upgrading of ficilities for recreation. The aim of this
special stody is to provide preservation allernutives for Rush, some of which expand
on those set out withia the DCP, The report was prepared by an architectural
techniciw aid a mining engineer technician and invalved consultation with an
. historical avehitect aad puck Iistorian.

archacologis

The report ts divided inty three sections. The frst covers the historicul developmen
of Rash including prehistoric hubilation, Archaeological investryation has shown
Mat the area was inhabited by nonrédic huoters and gatherers as eaaly us S000 BC.

Seven significant periats of activiny and development at Rush are defined on the
National Register nomination form: Pre-Mining, First Significant Mining (1885 -
1893 Second Significant Mining (1898-1904): Boom (19(5-1919), Post-Boar
Mining (1925- (937), Recreation (932-1971): and National Park Servier (1972-
1989), Fach of these periods is deseribed and illustrated. The built forni of the
town is analyzed, and includes a discussion uf topography, lind use, circulation
networks and building types. The various (ypes of mines and development of mining
within the distrivi are also described.

‘The second section of the report Jooks ai existing conditions und use patterns in
the town. The existing fearures of Rush's evelution are identitied and described,
These features luciude standing structures, foundation ruins, road traces, Jundscupe
components and mings, ‘The condition of the structures, roads ane mines cir
and the corrent ase of the area for recreation described. $4 is estimacd that Rush
fceives approximatly 3G, 000 visitors annually. The biggest threat to the extant
cultural resources is detertaration through aatural lores, although recreation
pressure is also lnving an inupact.

sessed

The third and final section of the report presents four alternatives Jor future
management of the park. These inchile: moving frum the present management
policy of emergency stabilization te one of beriga neglect: continuing the present
administrative, maintenance anc interpretive activities based on the 1986 DCP,
expanding the current BCP puticies 10 include comprehen whilization and
cahanced interpretation of Rush's historic stractures and sites: aad restoring the
standing suuctures and stubilize the ruins,

Finally, areas for further teseareh are suggested, The appendices include a sebedule.
f NPS undertal and the mine safety report.

ee eee

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Miowest REGION

135


dames A. Garfield National Historic Site (OH}

National Park Service and William Bebnke Associates. Cuftarat Landscape
Report. Lawnficld, James A. Garfield National Historic Site, Mentor, Ohio,
Omaha; USDI. XPS, Midwest Regional Office. 1994. 155 pp.
(Ametated)

B: 016050
T: 487/D-15

Newman. Paul, Lawafiefd Historic Su
National Historie Site. Omaha:
B: 016629
fr: 487/D-9

clare Repart, James A. Garfield
DI, NPS. 1991, 490) pp.

Jefferson Nationa! Expansion Memorial (MQ}

Bellavia, Revina ML. Cutterat Landscape Report, Jefferson National
Expansion Memorial, St, Louis, Missouri, Omaha; USDI. NPS, Midwest
Fictd Area, Great Plains em Suppor Office, Cultural Resources
Division. 1997. 236 pp. (Annotated)

B: O17640

Lindenbusch. John H. Historie Struchee Report, Historie Data Section-Part £
and Historic Grounds Study. Okt Courthouse. Jefferson Natianat
Expansion Memovial. St. Louis, Missouri. Oinaha: USDI, NPS. 1982.
298 pp.

B: 1118S

C. OLI8S

T: 366VD-1835

N: PB82 263542/PCA Ll MFA!

Keweenaw National Historical Park (Ml)

Alanen, Amold B., and Katic Pranks, Remnents of Corporeie Paternatisnr:
Company Housing and Landscapes at Caluner, Michigen. Omaba: USDL
NPS. 1997. 78 pp.

Knife River indian Villages Nationa! Historic Site (ND}

Clambey, Gary K. Fegetarive Baseline Study for the Knife River indian Villages
National Historic Site. Omaha: USDI. NPS, 1985. 82 pp.
T: A68/D-27

Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial {IN)

Bearss, Edwin C, Lincolt Boyhood as a Living Historical Farm. Omaha:
USDI. NPS. 1967, 18] pp. fAnnotated)
B: 003018.
C: OOS0I8
T: 423/D-4
WK:200500/PCA14/MFAOI

22 Cuutural. Laxoscare BreliogRapHy: RESOURCES IN THE National Park SysTen



ORTHEAST

Uscbold, David. Treataent Specifications aad Preservation Maintenance
Guidelines: Hopewell Fienace National fistoricel Site, Boston: USDI,
NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation. 1998. 34 pp.

independence Nationa Historica! Park (PA}

Anderson, M.Q., and Paul G. Sifton. The Tadd Hause Grounds aed
Neighboring Properties: Fourth and Walunt Streets, Independence

‘ational Histerical Park, Philadelphia; USDL NPS. Independence

onal Historical Park. 1963. 27 pp.

B. 002001

T: 391D-20

Bennett, Katherine, and Charles Pepper. Woody Plant frventory and Condition
Assessment Report for Independence Squcre, Independence National
Historical Park. Boston; CSDI, NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape
Preservation. 1996, 31 pp.

T: 391/D-190

Gibson, Deidre, Anna Coxe Toogood, Mary Konicczny, and Kathy Schlegel.
Cultural Landscape Report—independence Malt, Independence National
Historical Park, Denver; USDI. NPS, Denver Service Center. 1994. 202

PP.
tT: 391/D-117

Grossman. Charles S. and Mary Ann Hagan. Grounds Report on the
Landscape and Architecture of 181 Century Philadelphia, Philadelphia:
USDIL, NPS, Independence National Historical Park. 1958. 200 pp.
(Annotated)

B: 001936
C: 001936

Independence National Historica} Park, The Ohnsted Center for Landscape
Preseryation, and The Denver Service Center, Cultural Landscape Report
for independence Square, Volume Two. Denver. USDI, NPS, Denver
Service Center, 1998, 281 pp.

F: 39UDI SB

Kiryakakis, James G. A Report on the Grounds Surrounding the Seconad Bank
of the United States, with Eanphayis on Conditions During the Perivd jrom
38/9 to 1836. Philadelphia: USDI, NPS, Independence National Historical
Park. 1955, SO pp.

B: 001960
C: 00960

Nationat Park Service. Hisiovic Grounds Report, Part } on Stare House Yard.
Philactelphia: USD! NPS, , independence National Historical Park. 1959,
32 pp. (Aanorated)

B: 002174

2 002174

“fF: 391/D-26

54 Curturat Lanoscare BisuioGrapHy; Resources In THE National Park System


“The section concludes with recommendations for the resto
Tract, Arsenal Square. and Potomac: and Shenandoah Sucets, The need for further
rch, Jor exzanple, on ump posts. hitching posts, planting, and seeded aresis is
lentified, Drawings of prcul guuer and street sections are meluded, as well as:
photographs of the site ken between [359 ancl 1865,

Hien of the Armory

Renee

Prentice, Joseph R. Histarie Grounds Report, Part f, Harper Yard, Harpers Ferry
National Historical Park, Washington, D.C: USDI, NPS, 1962. 1] pp.
B: 001293
C292
T: 385/D-14

y National Historical Park covers

This Histori: Grounds Report tor Harpers Ber
the Harpers Yurd Ared. Part | of the report is divided into two sections. The fi
dininistranve data, was prepared by the park saperuitendent and identifies
the aim of restoration; to restore the yard to its mneteenth centery form with a
white picker fence. flowertag shrubs and flower beds. This section also inghutes
cost estimates for the work,

The second section. historical di
short sections on des
recommendation
photos, and plans.

was prepared by the park historian, It contains
iption and ownership. development of the yurd, and
The historical data is based on nineweath centu

‘The report recommends the restoration of the Harpers yard area. including the
reconstruction of the picket fence and phuntings. An aldendam contains a sketch
plan, including proposed planuag for the yard based On information provided by
photographs cited in the report, and the memories of William ¥, Mannion. Marmion
is a 70 year old native of Harpers Ferry whose (wo aunts lived in Marmion fall
adjagent to the Harper House,

ee aae

Swell, Charles W. Hestarfe
Nationa! Monument.
B: OOI204
C: OO1201

es Serve of de Harper Gardens, Harpers ferry

. 1958, 11 pp.

The historic site: report covers the mid-nineteenth century Harper gardens
at Eharpers Ferry National Monument. Wis divided inte twa sections. The first
Short section, alministeative dati, outlines the proposed and pro
openiting/managing the gardens. as well as extinates of costs for the archeologi
excavation and subsequent restoration of the garden. The second secuun, histurical
ata, considers the documentary evidence relating to the Harpet gardens. She
research shows there have been wo giudens al the site. There is a pruucily of evidence
for the earlier garden of the cighteenth century, and the Mstorical research.
conccntrales on the ninetcenth century stic. Written records and varly maps indicate
the boundaries and extent of the garden There are ne historical prints. photographs,
plans, or sketches of the gardens to aid the research.

ANNOTATED BreLtocRaPHy

Nationan Capital Re

177



preservation concept and Management plao that addresses contempocuy concerns,
while preserving and enhancing the overall character. quality and sense of plac

The historical context of the site is outlined with information on the early pioneers,
ihe NBS. the Civilian Conservation Corps, and Mission 66. 4 landscape chronclogy
for Longmire Springs is outlined and includes the pionver settlements und resort
development hetween 1883 and 191s, and the NPS Rustic pericd berween [923
and 1942,

Uistorie desiga principles ure veviewed and the landscape components that
conuibute to the historic character of Longmire Springs are described. These include
small-scale features, overall patterns, buildings anal cluster arrangements, cirewation
networks, and natural vegetation. Based on the identification of the landscape
components conteibuting to the historic character of the sie, the existing conditions
are evaluated and assessed. Potential threats to the site's integcity are identified
and comtemporary issues. curren€ needs. problems and opportunities are sso
analyzed in this s

a\ preservation concept for the site ix devetoped and 4 preservation management
plan proposed. The following broad concepts forin the philosophical basis for the
management of the historic lanitscape: integration of cutural and natural resource:
Management, a preservation priority, historic design pnnciples, significant historic
periods, cultural resource interpretation, preseyvatian mangement as an open ended
provéss. The plan develops generul management guidelines and detailed
recommendations for the main areas of the springs: the meadow, the residential
area, the niaintenance area, the campground, aud the visitor plaza acca. Far cach
arca there is. a discussion of its history wid significance. policy reconunendalions.
and specific actions lo he taken. The actions include detail on features to be
served, features to restore/renaic, additional enhancements, and vegetation
management strategy.

SARS

Reynard, Eric and others, Paradise: A Preservation ane Design Stay, Paradise
ina, Mount. Rainier National Park. ugene: University of Oregon-Liugene.
School ef Architecture anu Allied Ans, 1985. 150+ pp.

B: 015605
T: 10S/1D-L60

This report & undertaken as a cooperative effort betwcen University of Oregon
faculty and design students, Mt. Rainier park employees. and National Park Serview
yegional stall designev’s. hucrdisciplinary student teams ate formed, allowing student
architects and student landscape architects to collaborate in the ereatiun of design
sohnions that could potentially be utilized in fuluce park plins.

Students gather information during « two-day site visit WF Mt. Ratner. Park staff
provides existing documents, such as site plins. Student team meinbers observed
existing conditions and purk service staff provided answers ta some questions
prompted by student observations.

Student teams responded to the following issues: buildingandscape relationship:
adaptive use and the rehabilitation of historic structures: repatr of a severely
impacted natural landscape: use of cutive materials for canstruction, expunsian of

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

285


National Capitat Reo

The existing conditions chapter ix organized inte three distiner kundse:
White House andl Exvcutive Offices, Lafayette Park, und the Ellipse sind its
The information is presented im Tour forms: narrate c, comemporary photographs.
annotated plans of the Presicent’s Park as a whole and the White House grounds in

yed in the us 1856, °5 . & by A. Bosehke,
"sy Pack, (Published by D. McClelland. Blanchard and Maten, Warshiegion, OC. 1867

President's Park, “Map of ihe District of Coloml
Detail showing Pr
Nationad Archiv

. ASH

Annotateo Biaciccrarny 183



Fecommendcd. Itis aise suggested that open areas be planted. Recommended species
include western red cedar. grand nd Douglas fr. Planting techniques are
ne considered essential. Historical
getation still remain, For
example, the forest adjacent to the bay ts not cutoyer today, as rt was at the time of
lhe formal Unglish garden, However, it is considered that © . foe historical
cor ey, Ihe forest was cut, it would be impossible to maintain it ia that condition.

The scene at the American Camp ts substantially different trom the historic scene.
with a much larger proportion of grassland, In the past, cabbit grazing has limited
natural regeneration al the site, ahhhough. the recent reduction in the rabbit population
has increased natural regeneration, Deliberate cfforts to plant and protect tees are
exscatial in the restoration of the historic scene. Free planting effons need to be
focussed. parucularly, on a 168-acre area north of the redoubt. Spec
recommendations for pl and establishment methods are given.

ing

kanes

Boxberger, Daniel 1. Seu Jucir istand National Historicat Park: Catnirat
Affifiatiun Study. Seattle: USD, NPS. Pacific Northwest Regional Office,
Cuhural Resources Division. n.d. 68 pp.

Saw fuan fstand National Historical Park consists of the lands which are formerly
the British and American military posts during the joint occupation of the islane
the mid-1300s, Parklands consist of uo components, Exslish Camp, which
ocated on the northwest shore of the iskind in the vicinity of Garrison Ba
American Camp, which is located on the southeast point of the island.

‘This cultural affiliation study is conducted to develop an ethnohistorical I
of Native American use of San Juan Island, ‘The focus of this study is the
idenaficaon of Native American groups who can be documented as having culcural
affiliation with San Juan Island in the past. and the present day descendent groups
Research is conducted through the evaluation of relevant literature, published a
unpublished anct contacts with affiliated tribes to compliment the available sources.
pf San Juan Islanal’s cultural affiliation is due not onty to the numbe!
cd the island, bun also thal the groups fall across un internauonal
border F For this reason, many groups are involved in disputes over weaty rights 10
the resources in the San Juan archipelago.

‘The study addresses the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA) of 1990 which requires that federal agencies inventory Nate American
remains and associated funerary objects removed from federal lands for possible
fepatriation to the descendent vibe, The report also desenbes the cuhural geography,
the methodology, the literature ul the ethnohistery of San Juan Island.

The cultural geography and cibnohistory explains that San Juan Island was an
impenant location of villuges. fishing sites. and other resource sites that fall within
the traditional use areas of several named groups of the “Central Coast Salis!
Some of these groups had permanent villages on the island and some utilrzed the

island for seasonal gathering and t¥ ¢. Prior (o Litroamerican setdement, the
alral Coast Salish were a semi: cademtasy people waveling seasonally to resource
ig locations. Winter villages were locuted suat Hy. near defensible

ce

Annotateo BistioeraPHy

Paciric WEST REGION

295


Ahem, Katherine, Culture! Landscape Bibliography; Arr Annotated
Bibliography on Resources in the National Park Svstem. Washington,
D.C. USDI, NPS, Cultural Resources. Pack Historic Aechitecture Division.
1992. 180 pp.
B: 017286
T: 999/D.791

Balt, Janet. ihnobvtany, Land Use Patterns and Historic Landscape
Evaluation, Grand éstand, Michigan. Uscubana. Mich: U.S, Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Niwatha National Forest. 1993.

Barker, Leo R.. and Ano FE. Houston, es. Death Valley to Deadwood:
Keunccatt ie Cripple Creek: Proceedings af the Historic Mining
Conference, January 23-27, 1989, Death Valley. Washington, D.C: USDA,
NPS, 1990, 279 pp. tAruotated)

B: HSS90
Ts L454D- L35

Bimbaum, Charles A. ed. The Laudscape Universe: Historie Designed
Landscapes in Context. Bronx, NY: The Cawlag of Landscape Records at
Wave Hill in conjunction with the NPS. $993, 413 pp.

T: YO9TD- 1218

Birnbaum, Charles A, and Heather L. Bartetl. eds, Making Educated Decisions
2: A Landscupe Preservarinn Bibliography, Washinglun, D.C. USDA,
APS. Cultural Resoutees, Technical Preservation Services, Histaric
Landscape Initiative. 200M, 188 pp.

Birnbaum, Charles A. and Lisa EK, Crowder, eds, Pioneers af Amevicda
Landscape Desiqa: An Annotated Biblioyraphy, Washington, D.C. USDS,
NPS, Cultural Resources, Preservation Assistance Division. 1999. [44 pp.

Birbaum, Charles 4. and delie K. Fix. eds, Pioneers of Anterican Landscape
Design H: An Annotated Bibliagraphy. Washington, D. USD, NPS,
Cultural Resources, Preservation Assistance Division. 1998, 186 pp.

Birnbaum, Charles A, and Robin Karson, cds, Pioneers of American Landscape
Desiyn, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 486 pp.

Birnbaum, Charles A. and Chery! Wagrier. ed uking Educated Decisions: A
Landscape Preservation Biblingrapiy, Washington, 1 ISDI. NPS

Culnnal Resowees, Preservation Assistmice Division. 1994, 160 pp.

Carr, Fibun. Wilderness by Design: Landscape Architectire & du
Park Service. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, ¢
375 pp. fAanorateds
“Y: S99M1D-1277

Harold Russell Associates, Ine. Accommodation of Handicapped Visit
Historte Sites: The dmpact af Accessibility and Historie Preservation Laws,
Regulations and Policies on NPS Historie Sites, Analysis and
Recamunendations, Wasbingion, D.C.: USD, NPS. 1978.

ComPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY ot



154

histavic valve of plant matcriais currently existing m the history zone, and
documentation of period plant materials for Springfield.

Previous NPS research and other studies were reviewed to document the landscape
of Springfield, e. 1860. There was considered Lo be enough evidence from previous
and archacologicy studies to provide tor Faithful restoration af the
landscape of the \incoln Home. inchrding the outbuildings, fences. well, and layout
of plant materia), However, the research yielded very litle information on the
characicr of the neighborhood landscape. Hence, the scope of the research was
broadened to include an analysis of the geacral character of the wider Springfield
landscape at that tine. Period literature on gardening and landscape design of
residential areas was consulted in order to predict the type of fandscapes appropriate
for the Lincoln neighborhood. Period styles. use of plant inaterials. landscape
siruciurcs, fences, garden furniic, and other handscape elcmwvuts are al! discussed

The plant materials likely to heve been growing in the Springfield area in 1860
were researched, The local nursery wade is described, and the influence of the
easter nursery Wade on Springfield is consicered. Based on this research. a fist of!
histari¢ plant materials for use in dhe historic zoue is proposed.

Finally, existing conditions at the site ate assessed involving a (ree evaluation.
visual analysis. and lighting an

‘The results of the rescarch ant fiekt survey enable recommendittions to be made
and 2 proposed landscape plan to be produced. This prelyminary plan depicts the
general layout and arrangement of proposed plantings and other landscape details.
Icis proposed that four sites in the historic zone be restored as accurately’ as possible
according to historic evidence. All other lols are to be restored/reconstructed as
period residential properties as they pay have looked ia 1860, Those wilh existing
houses will have more developed landscapes, {1 is suggested that those where (he
structures have been lost will have plantings onty. A continuous line of sticet tees
is recommended to pravide continuity Lo the streetscape in the absence of buildings.
A list of specific recommendations is presented and a method of implementation
proposed, The appendix inchides cost estimates For the reconstruction work,

ee eRe

LANDSCAPES, and The Urbana Group. Lincoln Home National Historic Sue
Culnval Landscape Report: Phase , History. Existing Conditions,
Anafesis, Omaha: GSD{, NPS. 1997, 342 pp.

B: 17632

The Lincoln Home National Historic Site is located in Springfield, THinois, The
site consists of  four-block area, centered on the home of Abrabam and Mary
Todd Lincoln; the house in which Lincoln resided for 17 years before becoming
President. ‘The site is designated a special use zone as an historic house nxtseun
aud receives over SOO) visitors cach year,

This CLR addresses the site history, historic period plin, existing coadidons
niuvative and base map, and an an s of character-defining features, preservation
treaument altemauyes and a recommended treatment for the site. The methodology
used inchides a teview and summary of previous research, the comparison of
findings in various repors, and a search for other historical information about the

Curtura Lanoscare BiBLioGRAPHY, RESOURCES IN THE NaTiONaL Park System



This report serves hyo purpuses: to identify and describe the important tancscape
Seatures of the site within a historical context and make reconunendations to protect
and preserve those features: and to identity changes on the site which threaten the
histone integrity of the landscape, ultimately making recommendations that
climimate or mit

The report is organized into four niajor sections: Introduction. Landscape History.
Analysis and Evaluation of the Landscape and Recocumendatioas and Development
Guidelines. Landscape History describes the histozical development of the landscape
and the influences of both nature and human activities. Six distinct time periods
are icentifted for discussion of the Fort’s development: Fur Trade Period (1834
1849), Early Army Period (1849-1879); Late Army Period (1840-1890), Homeste:
Era (1890-19358) and National Park Era (1938-1993),

‘The Analysis and Evaluation section describes changes and responses of the
landscape ve natural and human acus ty during the six tune periods of the Fort's
history. The Jandscape characteristics discussed in this section include tnd wse.
spatial organization, vegetation, circulation, structural kypes, wichculsgical resources
and Iustoric detail clements,

The recummendgtions and development yaridelines ave brief, conctuding that du
hest laclies for improving interpretation of the For and minimizing the toss of
character-defining cements are preservahon of adjacent lands, re:
Larainic River pratton of the main features of the Fort, the parade
grounds and the historic irnyation system, The report contains historic and
comtemporary photographs und maps/diagrums. which belp clariy the analysis
Juation of the Fort’s tandscape.

id ews

Grand Canyon National Park {AZ}

Dil.wevdo, Mark, Phantom Raach Rural Historic District. Landscape Inventory
£997, Grand Canyon National Park. Sunita Fe: USDL. NPS. 1941, 32 pp.
B: 05537,

Phantom Ranch is located uear the confluence of Bright Ange! Creek and the
Colorado Rives 19 Grand Canyon Natonal Pack, This sudy focuses on the canyon
tlaor extending approximately one half mile upstream into Bright Angel Canyou,
roughly 200 feet m width. The site bas been in contnuad wse since the carly 1900s,
when envepreneurs first envisioned the area as a dade ranch und campground.

season. Heavy! use
and une resultant additional facilines required to aecomaimdate this use are
impacting. and in some cases desuoying. the significant cultural, historical and
natural resources of the wcular landscape of Phaniom Ranch.

Prepared by an Arizona State Gniversity landscape architectare student, the intention
of this report is to inventory the cultural Jandscape as the first step towurds
Preservation and potential nomination t the National Register of Historic Places
asa Rural
ouuined i

Annovaien BisuoGrapny

INTERMOUNTAIN REGION

143


EAST REGION

family in, ov before, 1680, making it one of the oldest dwellings in America. It
exhibits the archneciural style popularly known as “saltbox.” This historic structures
fepoit presents the administrative, historic landscape, furnishing and exhibition,
and architectural data for the rehabilitation of the house. ‘The building is cansidered
tobe particularly important tor its interpretive value as it relates tn the park maritime
story.

Vhe achninistrative Vata section, prepared by the superintendent, contains general
dettils on proposed use, provisions for operating the stucture, planned construction
activity, and 4 preliminary cost estimate lor the work. It is proposed 10 furaish and
exhibit the interior of the house w reflect the seventeenth century way of life of a
working colonial family of modest means, {tis staed that further historical and
architectural tnvestigation is required ta determine how extensively the actuat
structure af the house should be restored, Basic stabilization is recommended to
aryest deterioration and various treatments are proposed

‘The section on landscape data, prepared by a historian, very briefly describes
existing physical evidence af historic conditions. The Narbonne House. in recent
years, has becn overgrown largely with weeds, which obscure evidence of its historic
condition. The overall shape of the fot is considered to be virtually the same as in
the bistoric period, and parts of the surrounding fence. may be original. The existing
walks and drivewuy are considesed w be in their original locations, although they
have been resurfaced. Phe trees currently growing an Lhe property are recorded,
but nane of these are considered to be historic. The readily available documentary
evidence gives na indication oF how the property was landscaped during the historic
period and it is recommended that a research study should be undertaken w
determing more precisely the historic vernacular landscape scene.

Sek ee

Snell, Charles W. Historical Base Maps. Salem Maritime National Bistworic Sire.
Denver: USDI, NPS. 1977. 117 pp.
B: OL5615
T. 373/129-1204

These historical base maps and the supporting ourrative ihustrate the physical
development of the landscape between 1765 and 1819. The research was underuken
by a historian and was based ou primary and seconcitey documentary sources, The
primaty sources included deed and secon books, wills, early plans und surveys,
diaries and historical illustrations. A historical base map is produced for four distinct
historical periads: 1764, 1783, 1805. and 1819, For euch of these periods, four
components of the Jandscape ure described: waterfront lets, Derby Street house
lots, strevts. sidewalks, and streetlights. and fences and outbuildings. Information
4s provided on Lhe structures and the physica) development of the town, as well as
the social history of the merchant owners and occupiers of the own who developed
it into an impartant tracing port. There are mo detatted maps or surveys of the
Salem waterfront pre-dating 1800, and the locution of the buildings und straciures
as Shown on Lhe accompanying maps lor the 1764 and 1783 periods is based almost
entirely on canjectuse, However, the information on size and ownership is
considered ¢y be aegurate.

238 Cutrurat Lanoscare BiaioGraPHy: Resources IN THE NATIONAL Park System


Nation APITAL REGION

32

Harpers Ferry Nationa! Historical Park (MD, VA, WV)

Couer, John L. Predininary Archeological favestigations at Harpers Ferry:
Harper House Garden «nd Building Number 23, Arsenal Aree
Washington. D.C: USDE NPS. 1959. 15 pp. GAunerated)

B: 012213
12213
T: 383/044

a. Archeotogical Date, “Harper" Gardens, Ufarpers Ferry Neaional
Monument. Washington, D.C: USDI, NPS. 1958. LL pp, (Anneated)
B: 001200
C00) 200

Datan, Susan. Removing Barriers to Equal Access within Cultural Landscape
Preservation: A Philosophy dud Process far the Planning and Design of
Equeed Experiential Access in Preserved. Cutinead Landscapes. Masters
Project. Eugene: University of 01 in. 1996. 214 pp.

Pairbairn, Charloue J. efferson's Rock. Washington, D.C: USBI NPS. 1961,
16 pp. fAanotated)
B: OO 174
Co ODT

Pry. Susan W. and Dennis 1. Frve. Archeological and Historical Resources
Study, Maryland Heights. Washington, D.C: USDI, NPS, 1989, 476 pp
B: 450314
T: 385/D-16

Gilbert, Cathy A., Maureen DeLay Joseph and Perry Carpenter Wheelock.
Cultural Landscape Report: Lower Town . Harpers Ferry National
Historical Park. Washington, D.C.; USDI. NPS. Nationat Capiual Regional
Office. 1993, 300+ pp. (Annotated)

B: 450086
Fr 38S/1D-100

Halchin. S11 Y. Archeological Views of the Upper Wager Block, A Domestic and
Commercial Neighburhued m Harpers Ferry. Washington, 1.C.. USDE,
NPS, 1994, 200 pp.
°F: 386/D- 118

Weald. Sarsh H. Histor Furnishings Report, Exterior Furnishings of Lanver
Town Harpers Ferry, Washington, D.C: USDL, NPS. 1995. 99 pp.
B; 017000
T: 385AD- 182

fnashima, Paul ¥. Archectogical Monitoring, Park Mafiuenance Repair:
feuerat-Say- Failure Seenon, Hurper Garden Wall, Washington, D.C:
USDL NPS, [981,62 pp. (Annonaed)
B: 010610
C: O10610
TY: 385/1-29
N. PBS3-2501GT/PCADSMENGL

Curturat LANoscare BiguoGrapHy: Resources ix THE National Park System


Pacirtc West Recion

Taylor, Terti A. and Patricia C. Hrigero. Caftaral Landscape Report: Fort
Vancouver National Historic Site, Vohune 1 Vancouver Washington.
Seaule: CSDI, NPS. 1992. 224 pp. (Annotated)

B: 016359
‘t: 389/D-64

Golden Gate National Recreation Area (CA)

Architectural Resources Group. Gitidefiaes jor Rehabilitating Butldings at de
Presidiv of Sant Francisco. Denves: USD, NPS, Denver Service. Center,
1995. 216 pp.

B: 016901,
T 641/D-222

Baron, Kristin L. fhe Presidio af San Francisco: An Architectural History
Goiden Gate National Recreation Area, Seale. USIE, NPS, 1998, 16

PP.
T: G4 D370

Chrisiopher, Patick R. and Erwin N. Fhompson. Historic Sracture Report,
Western Grounds, Old Parade Ground and MacArthur Avenue, Fort
Mason, Golden Go National Recreation Area. Seawe: USDI. NPS.
1980. 225 pp.

B) 011372
C: 011732
T: GAVD-1653

Economics Research Associates. cl al. Sutra Historic District Resource
Analysis Studies for the Comprehensive Design and Environmental
Assessment— Volume 3. Seattle: USI, NPS. 1993, 50+ pp.

B: 017603
T: 641/D-206

DAW, Ine., clal. Suto lMistoric District Comprehensive Design aud
Environmental Assessmeni- Volume i. Seatite: USDI. XPS. 1993. 50+ pp.
(Annotated)

B: 017603
T: 64./D-204

Haller, Stephen A. The Last Word in Airfiefds: A Special History Study of
Crissy Field. Presidio of San Francisco, California. Seaale: USDi, NPS.
J994. 127 pp. fAanoteted)

B, 017628
T: 641/D-196

Haiprin. Lawrence, ct. al. Alcatraz: The Future. Concept Plan & Guidetines
Jor Alcatraz Istand. San Francisco: Golden Gate National Park
Association. L988. 79 pp. (Amonrteds
B: OUS547

Land and Cotmmunity Associates ant Architectural Resources Group. Creating
@ Park for the 21" Century: From Military Post to National Park - Finat

7A Cuttural. LaNnscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTIONAL Park System



INTRODUCTION

Purpose of the Bibliography

in L992. Cufturat Landscape Bibliographx: Ar Agnatated Bibliography an
Resources in the Nattonal Park System was published as the first historical oy erview:
of cultural landscape research undertaken in the Nativnal Pack System. The one
inindred annotations in that bibliography gave an idea of the types of research
thal were being done. Eight years have passed since thar publication, and much
research. planning and weatment of culteral iusdscapes has occured during, tha
time. The purpuse of this dibliography, Cudtereal Landscape Bibliography:
Resources in the National Park Systen is to not onty update that eaclier effort, but
to also document all cultural landscape research andertaken since the
establishment of the National Park Service. As such, this publication offers a
Couprohensive perspective by citing research undertaken between 1918-2004).
Granted, not all publications will be included and sume will be missed, bul the
intent is to be as comprehensive as possible,

This bibliouraphy is tateaded as 2 reference for individuals condi ch.
ax well as those involved in mMerpretation, weatment and management of cultural
tandscapes in the National Park System. The documents in this hibliography address
the general types of cultural landscapes defined hy the National Park Service (NPS):
historic sites, historic designed landscapes, historic vernaculat landscapes and
ethnographic ka “APes.

The 1992 Crtnarat Landscape Biblingraphy wus updated bascu on a review of the
liura] Resonrces Management Bibliography (CRBIB) along with mput provided
suppor offices, regional offices and nanenal center personnel.
This information was compiled with the Lance of summer interns between
1996-1099,

fn reviewing the amount of m¥onmation collected daring the update. it became
clear thal two different bur related bibliographies were needed. Hence, th
bibliography is divided int two sectivas, a Comprehensive Bibhegrapay. and an
Annatated Bibliography.

The Comprehensive Bibliography comains over tive hundred and seventy cilalions
documenting cultural landscapes i approximately 160 arcas in the National Park
System. The comprehensive bibliography ollers a broad understanding of the variety
of landscape sesearch that has accurted throughout the Natonal Park System.

The Aundturted Bibliography contains two hundred sclected reports that have bee
Anrotited. The purpose of the unvotation is @ abjectively represent the contents at
a report as reviewed. In genera], eavh annotation includes an overview of the park
and jandscape stuched, the methodology for conducting the research. the conclusions
reached, und the identification of pertinent informauon included in the appentices.
Where multiple reports exist for a park or landscape. the gcneral uverview
information is provided in greatest detaul in the first entey.

IntRoouction



Vt is recomntended that the grass areas adjacent to the historic structures receive
minisal mowing lo control fucl huild up. with the outlying grass areas being but
during the wiater months,

Some jnfogmation is alxo given on other aspects and Features of the landscape such,
as evidence for the former existence of a dock an the south side of the station and
proposals for the removal of electrical and telephone transmission lines which are
not part ol the historic scene. Plans are produced to illusteare the site as ieexisted in:
190d, 1935, 1954, ancl 1987. A plas of the proposed grounds development showing
implementation of the restoration is also included. with detail of paths,
parking and vegelalion inanagement. Cost estimates for the restoration work are:
given

Two further sections of the report provide informétion en the ground cover of
Littte Kinnakeet, and archucalogical data, The section ua geal cover gives @
tistorical perspective on the development of the landscape and includes detail on
structural and man-made changes as well as vegetation development,

Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site (NC)

Hart, Susan K. Landscape Manavement Plan for Cart Sandburg National
Historical Stre, Flar Rock, North Caratina. Atlanta: USDI, NPS. LO9L. 134

pp.
B: OLSS44

‘The Cur] Sandburg Home Netional Historic Site preserves the home aad farm of
ihe noled poet and author. Sandburg lived at “Connemara” in Flat Rock in the
southem Appalachians for the last twenty-two yeurs of his lite between 1945 and.
1967. The site was placed on the Nutional Register in 1968. The total estatc owned
by the Sandburgs originally covered approximitely 250 acres. This report
concentrates on the core avea of the site, which contains the house. main simctures,
gardens, driveway, and the buildings and pasture associated with Paula Sandburgs:
hen] of Chikaming dairy guats, It is the area most frequented by visitors.

A student of Jandscape architecture at the University of Georgia prepared this
landscape management plan wider a coopenilive agreement with the National Pack
Serview. It documents the development of the vernacular landscape and makes
recommendations for its preservation, restoration and cehabiliration. The historical
fescarch is based on primary sources, including photographs. seed order for
und sced catalogues, and interviews with members of the Sandburg family
Secondary sources consulted included NPS publications. Jocal history, and other
books.

‘The development of the landscape prior to the Sandburgs occupation is described
with information on previous owaveship by dhe Memminges, Gregg, and Smytr
lamilies between 1838 and 1945. The ba of the landscape, structures,
pastures. gardens, trails, drives. and lake are attributed to Memrninget.

The historic conditions during the Sandburg era between 1945 and 1967 are
described jn detail. The landscape is divided inta 21 component parts and the
development, maintenance and changes made by tre Sandburgs are documented,

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NarionaL Park System


CutTurat LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park System


NOIDSAY LSAAA OlsIOV

Ce ee



National Park Service, Development Plun/Cultural Landscape Report. Erbie
Area, Buffaly National Riv SDI. NPS. 1986. 23 pp.
B: 013643
T: WHD-3

Within the Bulfaln National River reserve, the
roughly within a two-mile radius of the Lrbie ford on the tiv areca Was 5

by pioncers from the East at the be: ing of the [$¥)s and the vernacular landscape
includes the for te townsite, open fields, the Hickman farmstead. a boat
Tuuach, private camping and access to the Fitton (Beauty) cave.

‘the purpose of this Development Plan/Cultural Landscape Report
management strategy Ke Nt

te provide a
expand on the guidance contained in the Master
Plan for Bu We is to ensure that the locahon, size and
character of faciinies needed to pr Ovide esseatial visitor services do not conflict
with the nacural and cultural resource management objectives for the area, A mut
disciplinary team carried out the study including a planner, landscape architect.
historical architect, historian, anc! park superintendent.

ie Arca 1

Natural resources of the L:

hide the river, landscape, forest communitie:
wildlife and geology. The area provides opportunities for hiking, picnicking, nature
study, fishing. camping and interpretation of culnwal resources. The Erbie cultural
Jandscupe has evolved through human utilization of the kand aad adaptation io the
natural seuing. Cultura I Landscape components in clude the fick! pattern, tence rows,
road network eon ig at the Erbie townsile, river rand

jaw * Osark architecture and y
$s and 1950s,

nd collection of vernacul
ices employed ta the area between the 1S

and ruins, which for
of building pra

‘The report states that much of the integrit:
with the dismant
comprehensive analy aken to as
the landscape. However, the Parker-Hickman Varm does meet National Register
critena and is recommended for nomination.

of the Erbie study urea has disappeared

Opheons for management of chis historic di
itis recommended that the National Park Service manag
cone, with the least intervention require ve the cultural iundscape. There
vill be no attempt at restoration, reconsteuction or rebabilitation, In order Ww
perpetuate the cultural landscape scene, agriculty
ivestock will he encouraged. H this s
through periodic bush hogging or burning. Extensive recommendittions are made
for development of the ar

i for new
nd features

ia

facility construction. An appendix lists describes the historic structure:
in the area,

ANNOTATED BisLioGRaPHY

137



Paciric West ReGion

272

the issues is that the District has no real focus or hierarchy of outdoor spaces; that
access routes to the Baths and Sutro Heights Park are nor well defined and site
amenities are almost non: cmt. However, despite the deteriorated condi
lack of focus, the District is heavily used.

Landscape rehabili
of the landscape while making changes t& the property for new visitor sovvi
niturpreaation,

see KE

Halles, Stephen A. The Lest Word in Abfields. A Special History
Field, Presidin of San Mrancisco, California, Seattle: USD], NPS. 1904. 127

17628
41-196

T:

sy Held is part of the Presidio of San irancisco, a former army base which
was designated a National Histovic t-andmark in 1962 and was placect within the
legislated boundaries of Golden Gate National Recreation Area in 1972.

Under the Draft General Management Plan Amendment of Ovtober 1993, the
following preservation approach is proposed regarding wo significant histoncal
Periods: restoration of Crissy Field to its historic appearance: and restoration of
wetlands which were filled to accommodate development of the arca as an airticld.
These wo often-overlapping goals have caused internal controversy.

‘The goul of this study is w complete a review of secondary literature and planping
documents regarding the area, and to complete as Comprehensive an examination
af primary documents as the press of time permitted. This document is intended
for use in the future development of a site plan for Crissy Field. Detailed
recommendations and design alternatives are not within the scope of this study,
‘The period of time the repon focuses on is the physical development of the airfield,
from 19]2-}993, with some earlier information thal provides context.

Inchided in the report are seuttons unat address site history, signilicance and inteprity
assessment. and recommendations, The appendices inchide a kst of commanding
Officers, types of aircraft at Crissy Field. a roster of the Fourth Army Intelligence
School, and historic and modern maps.

The study states that (he overa)] preservation Ircatment of the y Field area,
from the commissary (mclusive} to the west, should be rchabilitation of the historic
autield to the era of the fate 1920's, as first proposed in the General Management
Plan Amendment. Presidio of San Francisco. However, reconstruction of the original
wellands and sand dunes is also recommended, and is not considered to negitively
impact significant bistoric values. ‘Phe study provides gencra! recommendations
in short summary paragraphs regarding interpretation and educati: ogetalion
and natural resources interface, buildings and strucames, and the iike,

ees

CutturaL Lanoscare BiBLIOGRAPHY: ReSouRCES IN THE NationaL Parx Svsten



Antietam National Battlefield (MD)

Anibal, Churles and Ron G, Antill, 4 Determination of the Composition of
Ure Histasic West Woods’ att Autietumr Barlefield in (862. Washington.
1D... USD, NPS. 1973. 3 pp.

Joseph, Maureen Delay. Adszoric Woodfot Restoration, West Wiods
Nationui Batticticld, Sharpsburg. Maryiand. Deny “SIT, NP
Service Center, 1994, 43 pp. tAvrerated)

B: 017623
1; S02/19-S5

NedGte
'S. Denver

Kuykendall, Nat, John Ochsher, Sharan A. Brown and Richarl Rambur.
Anulesis of te Visible Landscape, Antiecan National Beatlefietd.
Washington, [.C.: USI. NPS, 1988. 26 pp. fAnnotared!?

B: Q1S577
‘T: S02/D-4]

Lagemann, Robes L, Histeric Structures Repert-Part &. Section 9 Environs of
the Durkard Church, Washington, D.C. CSD NPS. 1962. 37 pp.
B: VOI
C: 001060
1; 302/19-34

Nationa, Capita, Recion

ComPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY

29


Mrowest Recion

148

The first section of the landscape management plan gives a historical overview of
the Bathbouse Rew landscape and desenbes the history and current use of significant
landscape elements, which together define the “spirit of the place.” An inventory
of the existing landscape is made resulung in the study atca being divided into Lwo
main unns. the Lawn Park unit aud the Foreground Park Chit. For the purposes of
the discussion, the main units ate farther subdivided into cli i
cach subunit a description is given of the existing land:
features and current use. The first
for landscape management:

Goal £: Ensure that the spirit and imegrity of the historic landscape continue into
the future.

Goal 2: Enhance i
of the resources.

HOY experiences; cuhance their enjoyment and understanding

Gout 3; Through appropriate des
of the studly area,

an, satisfy other important needs related to use

Each of these goals is supported hy objectives, which explain in more detal how
the goals will be achieved.

‘The scvond section of the report sets out plans and action for the site, Design
guidelines are presented by subunit and for each deal with ground plane, vegetation,
ite feature issues. Existing problems and poteatial solutions are illustrated in
sketches; the sketches are only guidelines not definitive teacments. The types of
design issues addressed include drainage, gradients, handicap accessibility, planting.
renovation, rentoval of overgrown vegetation. lighting aad site furatture,

The final chapter gives detaited recommendations and guidance on signage and
curremt needs for interpretation,

‘The appendices contain the Landscape M
inventory, compatibility assessment,
estimate.

nmagcment Plan. historic landscape
Selalion maintenance guidelines and cast

aeene

Wright, Robert D, and Clawe 11, O'Gwynn, Existing and Historic Buthhouse
Row Landscape Studs, Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas. Omaha:
USDI, NPS. 1987. 15 pp.

B: O1S604

T: 12YD-76

This Landscape Study of the Bathhouse Row describes the xi > and historic
landscape and makes recommendations for future landscaping requirements. The
we: h concentrates on the plant materials and is based on fi¢ld survey and
histortcal documentation.

A field survey was undertaken to identify the exi plant matecal on the site,
v he location of individual specimens was mapped and a notation made of their

Cuttural Lanoscape BistiocrarHy, RESOURCES IN THE National Parx System


ORTHEAST Ri

60

“Porres-Reyes, Ricardo. Faring and Land Uses, General Snedy, Mimeae Man
Nationat Historical Park, N.p.. USDI, NPS. 1969. TI pp. (Asrtotated)
8; 800542

00542

* 406/D-57

N: }990SY/PCA0S/MFAOS

Morristown National Historical Park (NJ}

Burt, Leah S. The Farm & Garden of Henry Wick: Morristown Vauonat
Historical Park. Mocristown: USDI, NPS. 1968. 7 pp.
B: 016083

DeCare. David Robert. Morristown National Historte
Management Plan for Wick Orchard. Morristown

Park, Orchard
USDI, NPS. 1989. 38

pp.
B; O85215

Threateld, Joan G. Vegetation of the Morristown National Historical Park:
Ecological Analysis and Managemen fmplicauons. \Up,: USDI, NPS.
1977. 162 pp. (Aunwtated)

B: 015614
T. 3370-3

Masscy. Wilham. Historical Grounds Survey of Washingion’s Headquarters,
Morristown National Historical Park, N.p- USDI, NPS, 1975. 20 pp.
B: OG1638

C: 001638

37D-Th

National Park Service, The Wick Garden, Morristown National Historical Park,
Nips USDE NPS. ad 6 pp.
B: 000699
CC. HID

National Park Service. Desertptive List af 18° Century Planis to Accompany

drawing NHP-MOR-1(62, Planting Plan. Wick House Restoration. Np.
USDI, NPS. C. 1935. 16 pp.
B: G00698.

“forres-Reyes. Ricardo and John Luzader, Historie Base Map, Morristown
Natianat Historical Perk, New Jers
B: 000620
J: 33701

New Sedford Whaling Nationat Historicat Park (MA)

Arato. Christine and Pauick Eleey, Crttural Landscupe Report for New
Bedford Whating National Historical Park, Volume One. Cultural
Landscape Publication Xo. 16. Boston: USTH, NPS, Olmsted Center for
Landscape Preservation. 1998. 206 pp.

Cutturat Lanoscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTiONAL ParK System


NOIDaY LSAAA 1dINVg



CuLTuRAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY

RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM



NOILVIWMOSAN| TWOINHOA |



ales HL. Casns-Lee Mansion: Historical Data For Grounds,
D.C. USDI NPS. 1968. 81 pp.

B: G01002
C: 001062,
T: 855/D-4

‘This historic grounds study for the Custi:

‘Lee Mansion focuses ona 3.5 acre portion
of the old Arlington Estate. ‘The estate was the home of Robert E. fee unt) 186

During the Chil War the property was occupicd by Union troops and subsequently
became the site of the nation’s most funeus military cemetery, which includes the
tomb of John £, Kennedy, These uses have altered! the historic landscape scene as
iLexisted prior to the Civil War in 1861

The cepart documents. as fully as possible using both direet and comparative
evidence, the appearance vf the este a» the Lecs left it in May 186). The study
covers that part of the original estate under the yurisdiction of the NPS in 1968 and
contiguous lands expected to be acquired. The report is intended to provide
background inforraation on the historical scene to assist the Future restoration andl
reconstruction of the mansion grounds,

Following a general description of the estate and its condition in 1861, the report
documents cach of ihe main components of the landscape: roads, cast front grounds,
flower garden, Civil War tomb of the anknowa, old aniphitheater, colored school
house, kitchen or vegetable garden. vegetables in the garden, steuctuves in or near
the garden, grape arbor. courtyard area. raving and ice house, and stable area.

For each of the components uuilincd, a brie! description is given of the landscape
atthe time of writing (1968). with delailed documentation of the historic landscape
seene in L861. Social history information [rom the time of the Lees’ occupancy is
also included, The dates of any major changes in the landscape are recorded. No
discussion of the flower garden or the major stv as (he mansion. his
been included because these are the subjects of separate reports,

‘The research wis based on historical records, mostly those contained in files at the
library of the Custis-Lee Mansion. They inctude levers and correspoudence.
agricultural records. census dala. newspaper reports, photographs, illustrations.
maps, anc pkms. 4 series of historscal photographs and illustrations are. ineluctedt
as an addendum to the report,

BR Aes

Mullins, Agues D.. Bruce B. Powell, and Leroy Skillman, Historic Grounds
Report. Part th. the Custis Lee Mansion Flower Garden, Washington. D.C:
USD. NPS. 1964. 66 pp.

B: O12078
©: 082171
‘T. 855/D-8

‘The flower garden at Custis-Lee Mansion was taid out in about 1802, by Georg
Washington Parke Custis. This Iistoric Grounds Repart (Part IL} provides
information and documentation to guide the restoration of the (lower garden to its
Appearance prior to the Civil War in ISG.

Annotated Bisriosrapny

toNAL Caetr:

169

ReGION


Frijole Ranch property, Advisory Council of Historie Preservation information;

and a photo key plan for ex 2 conditions.

Hubbet! Trading Post Nationa Historic Site {AZ}

Froeschauer-Nelson, Peggy. Catal Landscape Report for Hubbell Trading
Post National Hestoric Site, Gamide. Arizona, (Draft). Santa be: USDIL
NPS, 1999, 233+ pp.

The Wubbell Trading Post National Historical Park consists of | 60 acres in northeast
Arizona, within Apache County, and is entirely surrounded by the Navajo Indian
Reservation. The property is one of the oldest continuously operated posts on the
jo Reservation continuing as a trading post and larmstead tor the past 120
‘The park's [972 Master Plan defined three types of Land classification: general
outddor recreation, natural environment, historic and culomal areas. Three cypes
es were aso defined: public use and developinent zone, preservation
ration zane/scenic easentent, and private development zone,

The purpose of this report is not only to examine and document historic and
contemporary und uses and conditions of the property, but aiso provide design
giudelines and recommendations for the treatment and management of the cultural
landscape. The report is organized into six main chapters including: Existing
Conditions Documentation. Aualysis and Evaluation, Table of Characiet-Deliming,
Features. Assesstnent of Resource Totegrity, Treatment Recommendations and
Development Alternatives, and Documeatauon of Actual Treauncat.

The research methodology inctudes both archival and fictd research. the
documentation of existing landscape elements and other (andscape components
and finally, che anal of collected dat. Research findings conclude that the
Property retains its integrity, especially in the areas of sewing, materials,
workmanship, feeling and association, The property meets National Register
significance due to its associaiton with events that have made significant
contributions tv the broad patierns of history tachiding. but not limited to,
exploration, sctdement. farming and ranching (A); its association with individuals
whose specisic contibunions to history can be identified and documented (Bk and
because (tas a property that has yiekled und is likely to viekl further infosmaion
important to prehistory and/or history such as agricultural or industria! land uses,
scitleanent part ‘or ceremonial (raditions (12),

“This report applies a modified criteria for assessment, applicable to the evaluation
of biotic cultural resources. Jn the modified criteria, design, materials and
workmanship are replaced with communily organizavon, species composition und
management techniques, The biotic cultural resources of Hubbell Trading Post
have been severely modified. however through rehabilitation and reintroduction
the biote community could regain some of its integeil

Recommended treatments include preservatton of subsurface farchevlogica))
yesousces and rehabilitalion of aboveground (amdscape) resources.

118 Curturat Lanoscape BisuiocrapHy: Resources in THE NaTionaL PARK System


Mipwest Recon

146

The appendices contain historic photographs, a schedule of landscape activities,
information on the tandscape at 605 and GOI West Truman Road, the soil test
report, exampics of pergolas. pergola construction. sundials, and cuhural landscape
base maps.

Herbert Hoover National Historic Site {IA}

Bearss. Ehwin C. Historical Base Map and Grounds Study, Herbert Hoover
National Histaric Site, 187-4-{886. Qmaha: USDI, NPS, 1963. 135 pp,
Ts: 003035.
C: 003035
T: 432-8

N: LOS77T/PCA LMFAO?

‘The Herven Hoover National Histuric Se preserves West Branch, the binhplace
aad boyhood neighborhood of the 31st President of the United Sates. ‘The gravesites
of the Prestdent and Mrs. Hoover and the Hoover Presidential Library anc! Museum
arc also within the 186-acre site. This historical base map and grounds sty provides
a graphic and documentary account of West Branch during its periad of historical
significance, 1874-1886. The report is based on research of primary and secondary
sources. The results are intended to assist the KPS in carrying out their plans to
restore the bistoric scene in the core area of the site,

The report provides detailed documentanon of the founding of West Branch, the
slreetscape and shops, anc landscape features such as sidewalks, fenees and lamps,
and buildings.

‘The appendix contains redcvant illustrations and historical pholographs.

weeks

Land and Community Associates, et. al. Herbert Hoover National Historic Site.
Cultural Landscape Report, Omaha: CSD, NPS, Midwest Regional Office.
1995. 26! pp.

B: 012267
T: 423/D-28

The Herbert Hoover National Historic Site is located! in east-central lowa, § miles
east of lowa City and is the birhplace of Herbert Hoover, the thiny-first president
of the United States. Hoover was born in the cottage on the site in 1874, but after
being orphaned he moved to Oregon to live with relatives in 1885. The size of the
site has increased to [86.6 acres over the years through acquisitions by Lou Henry
Hoover, Herbert Hoover's wife, the Herbert Hoaver Birthplace Society, and the
National Park Service.

This CUR was initiated by the NPS in response to the need for clear guidance on
how to manage the different landscape units (historic core. gravesite, library-
museum, loop dh |, TuraVagricuitural sewing, visitor contact and park support
arca) of the sitc. The sitc has cvolved from a representation of Hoover's boyhood
home to a historic village ce-creation and memorial park. This report provides
detailed information needed for the development of fiure plans that can meet
increased site visilation and functions without damaging cultural landscape values.

Cucrurat LaNoscaPe BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park SySTeEM


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many people are involved in any publication, and this compilation of reports
and resuurces is no exception, National Park Service stalf from every regian und
support office have contihuted informuion including: Adrienne Anderson, Gina
Betlavia, Steve Burns, Steve Cinnamon, Margie Coffin, Fill Cowley, Rick
Cronenberger, Susan Dolan, Rick Dorrance, Shaum Eyring, Deiedre Gibson. Cathy
Gilbest, Becky Joseph, Maureen Joseph, Kimball Koch, Katharine Lacy
Lawliss. Tina LeCoff, Dewey Livingston, Larry Lowenthal. Marla Meiinancy,
Kathy McKoy, !auren Meier, Peggy Nelson, Karen Rehin, Roz Rock. Dave Snyder,
Sean Styles, Anne Coxe Toogoad, David Uschold, Nick Weeks, Christine Whitae!
aad Sherda Williams.

Special thanks to Janncile Wesley. Denver Service Center, for assist
searching For reference oumbers of the many reports that were gathered for the
initial update in 1996: Katherine Ahern, Lynda M. Frost, Meli iber. and Lori
Tolliver for their four summers of research and updates; and Canduce Clitferd for
n and production of the Uocument.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:


itis concluded that wot cuough documentary evidence has been found. or is likely |
to be located. te permit an accurate restoration of the two gardens of the 1859-

1865 period ov any other period, The report suggests chat archcological
investigations of the garden areas are required | supplement the historical dala
and uncover evidence of garden walks. planting beds and other features, 1f the
subscquent archeological investigation develops cno evidence to permit an

accuralc general restoration of the garden, it is recommended that the area be
restored as a typical mid-nineteenth pre-Civil War combination vegetable-flower
garden. [

Monocacy National Battlefield {MD}

FDAW, lac., Land and Community Associates. and Iohn Milner Associates. Inc.
Monocucy National Battlefield, Cutterat Landscape Evatuation and
Archeological Evaluation, Washingion, D.C.: USDL, NPS. L993. 41 pp.

450258
T: 894/D-14

This report is prepared as an overview of resources which could be affected by the
planned relocation of the NPS Preservation Training Center to the 1872 Gambrill
House, located on the Bush Creck tract of Monocacy National Baulefield. The
presentation and evaluation of alernatives provided in this study will be incorporated
into the Development Concept Plan, This study may also be used us the basis for
future amendments to the National Register nominations [or the Monocacy National
Bantlefield and the Gambrill House. listed on the National Register im 1973 and
1985, respectively,

The study inchules a narcative history of the landscape, aa snventory of character-
defining features, and a condition assessment of extant archeological and cultural
jundseape resources, Cultural kandscape investigations for the study concentrated
on the period between 1830. when Colonc! John McPherson bad Araby Mill
constructed, and L9O1, when the property passed out of Gambrill family ownership.

The archeological evaluation and cultaral landscape evalyation buitds un and
supplements the previous findings of the National Register nominations conceramg
the historical. architect and archeological signiftcance of the Bush Creek tract.
However, neither nomi jon adiressed landscape significance.

dn this study, the cultural landscape of the Bush Creek tract found to enhance
the significance of the property because it represents the Setting of the historical
events and perads assoviaied with bath the Civil War arc the Gambrilis’ awrership
and use. Therefore. the Findings of this repon appear Lo support fu ture amendments
to the previous nominations, for ihe purpose of acknowledging Ue significance of
the tract’s landscape features.

Based on the surface features inventoried during the survey and information draws
from primary and seconctary somrces, there is considcrable potential for preserved.
ascheological resources that contrite to the significance of the mill property.

The Bush Creck (ract retams some of its general characier and fecling from the
period of significance. The most notable landscape features that retain considerable

178 Curturar Lanoscare BieuiocrarHy: Resources in THE NarionaL Park System


altermg the landscape eppeurance trom the 1970-1976 period: the dyaaunies of
natuce and the pressures of man.

During the analysis of the site, it became apparent that there were ceriain problems
with individual plants or horticultural practices which needed 10 be resolved, The
abied section of this repart cdlescribes these und recommends appropriate solutions.
Spevilie concerns include overgrown plane materials, poor soil conditions, diseuse,
weeds, and pesis.

‘The penultimate section of the report presents alternatives for restoration. Since
the historic period is relatively recent, mach of the original Jankscape and plant
material is extant. Hence. this restoration plan provides an opportunity to refine
the details of the landscape. Three categories of plant materials are identified: core
plant muterid essential in maintaining the historic character of the site; Intermediate
plant material which supports the historic character of the site but is not essential;
aid non-essential material which is not documented ta the historic period. Hach:
category represents an increased degree of flexibility in decision making with
regards to he continued maintenance, loss, or replacement of plant matecial. These
cafegories are applied to the plant materials within each of the six areas to provide
a basis for the restoration alternatives, The alternatives include replanting of lost
species, maintenance of present vegetation, pruning tor smalter form. and reimoval
aad replacement. The final chapter develups these allernatives as recommendations:
for the inomediate: preservation and stabilization needs of the current jandscape
and for restoration to the 1970-1976 historical period. An annual maintesance
schedule, based on current practices, is included to describe long-term maintenance
yequirements,

Cape Cod National Seashore (MA}

Kneedler-Schad, Lynn, Katharine Lacy, and | any Lowenthal, Cydtvat
Landscape Report for Fort Hill, Cape Cad National Seashore. Cultura
Landscape Publication No.10, Boston; USDI. NPS, Olmsted Center for
Lundseape Preservation. 1995. 235 pp,

B: 018950
T; 609/D-134

Cape Cod National Seashore stretches 4} miles fram Chatham to Provineelown
Massachusetts. Park features include ocean benches, dunes. woodlands, freshwater
ponds and numerous cullural remnants such us Mareoni's Wireless Station site.

The Fort Hill study arca encompasses about 100 acres of sale marsh and upland in
Eastham, Banistable County, Cape Cod, Comprised mainly of two large farms,
formerly owned by the Knowles family, the study wea was expanded to include
sites that were associated with the Knowles farm at ove time, such as part of Skift
idl. the Captain Hdward Penniman property, tie Red Mapic Swamp dnd the Avery
and Burrill residences. The site was owned by the Knowles family from 1742-
1943 and has undergone minimal change in its 200-year history.

This report was prepared in order to inform the Development Concept Plan being
prepared i association with the General Management Plan of Cape Cod National
Seashore, and as guidelines for the protection and long-term maintenance of the

198 CuLrurAL Lanpscare BigtioGRarHy; RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PARK System



Adams National Historical Park. Spo
Londscape Preservation Mamtenance Guide for the

iC pruning instyuctions for the hoxwaud hedge were developed as part of the
Wh. INPS, 1993)

96 CuLTURAL LANDSCAPE BraLiogRrapHy: Resources in THE Natronat Pak Syste


Apostle fslands National Lakeshore (Wf}

Adunen. Arnold R. The Shaw-Hill Favor Site on Sand tstand tAposite Istands
National Lakeshore): Biograplucel aud Site Retewd beformeation.
Madison: U ity of Wisconsin, Deparuncat of Lanctscape Architecture,
1990, 49 pp.

B: OLS657

Alanea, Amold Ro Karly Ayrienttare Within the Boundaries of the Apostle
tstands National Lakeshore: An Overview of Bear, ronwood. Michigan.
Oak, Outer, Raspberry, Rocky. Sourk Tivit and Stockton istaads and he
Mainland Git. (Additional information for Basswood Estand also
inetuded). Madison: University of Wisconsin, Deparment of Lanuscape
Archttecture. 1985. 43 pp. (Aunetated)

B: 015656

Hohner, Katy and Arnold R. Alanen. Hekerson Fishery Uistaric Leardsectpe
Snaty, (Dial). Omaha: USDI, NPS. 1999.

Porter, Robert J, und David 1, Snydey, eds, fuerint Cuttural Leondseape
Management Pler far Thirtees Sites at Apastte islands National
Lakeshore, Omaha: USBI, NPS, 1996. 159 pp.

Tishler, William H.. Amok R, Alanen und George Thompson,
Agricuttural Development on the Apostle Istunds. Madi
Wisconsin, Deparment of Landscape Aichitecte, 1984, St pp.
‘Annotated
B: 011686
Cy O11 686
Te 633/19-63

Arkansas Post National Memorial {AR}

Quinn Evans Architects. Cufneral Landscape Report: Arkansas Post National
Memorial, (Dah), Omaha: USBI. NPS, 1999,

Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site (KS)

Quinn Evans Architects. Cutuare Landscape Guideline
Education National Histarte Site. (Dati). Omaha:
126 pp.

Brown v. Board of
DI. NPS. 1999.

Buffalo National River (AR}

MeCoy. Chandler and John EF. Burghardt. Special Sead: Rush Historic
District, Buffalo National Riv ¥. 1989. 53+ pp.
fAaneiatedy
B: 015123
T. V73/1D-70

ComPREHENSIVE BysLioGRAPHY 17



200

Lacy, Katharine, and Larry Lowenthal, Crteral Landscape Report for Truvo
Highlaudy Historic District, Boston; USD). NPS, North Atlantic Region,
Cultural dundscape Program. 1995. 67 pp.

B: 017621

The Cultaral Landscape Report for fruro Highlands Historic Distinct provides
historical information and analysis of character-detining features as a basis for
development of treatment and management recommendations. The aved for the
CLR came about when a congressional mandate called for the removal of the
Hightand Light from its original setting adjacent to the proposed historic district,
toa location within the proposed historic district. Duc to time constraints. the evel
of yesearch has been undertaken in a thorough, rather than exhaustive nuuiner. The
CLR studies alternative locations for the light as well as addressing varions issues
related to visitor services and support

Tro Highlands is a $5.9 acre comples Jocated in Nerth Truro, M
The avea physically accupies a porvon of the Highland Plain, aa open oceanfront
geting that is on upper Cape Cod. The area was first seuled by farmers and later
became u successful summer resort under the development of Isaac M. Small. The
Eliphlands resort was developed by Small as part of the early tourism cra on Cape
Cod. The resort reached a peak in tourism during the period 1870-1920, The
Hightancs resort was typical of others developed in the early stages of tourism on
the Cape. provicing food, lodging, and recreation to travelers.

ton is recommended as the approptiale primary treatment for this site
allows for new uses, such as improved parking Wor andl restroom
ie preserving the property's historic character. The CLR emphasizes
that while rebabilitarion is the recommenced primary treatment for he Highlands
Historic Disivict. it may not be the appropriate icatnteat for cach individual structure
oy landscape feature within the district. The recommended ueatment for most
landscape features on the site ts preservation,

Three distinct areas for interpretation have been identified in the CLR: Mariume
history, and the bistory of lighthouses and Highland Light in pacticular: Tourism
on Cape Cod and the development of the Highlands Reson, and the history of ine
own of Truro. The CLR provides prelimmmary recommendations related to
imterpretauon, such as advising the use of the rehabilitated keeper's cottage as an
interpretative exhibit te ¢ on Maritime History, Cape Cod lighthouses, and
the Highland Lighthouse in particular,

Several previous studies regarding the Truro Hightands area aided the CLR process.
2 the Delermination of Eligibility for the Proposed Highlands Historic
District (1993). the Historic Structure Report for the Highland Flouse (1993), and
the Historic Suructure Report for the Highland Lighthouse (1994).

Curturat Lanpscare Bigiiocrarhy: RESOURCES ty THE NaTionac Park Systes


76

Werks, Nicholus, Carey Feierabend, Michael Bolan. Culmrul Landscape
Analysis and Management Recommendations, Srtra Heights Park, Golden
Gate National Recreation Area. Seatile: USBI, NPS. 1992, 85 pp.
(Annotated)

B: 016804

Great Basin National Park (NV)

Nationa] Park Service. Leliman Orchard Management Plan, January 1990,
Sewe: USDI. NPS. 1990. 120 pp. (Annotated)
B: 015216

John Day Fossil Beds National Monument (OR)

Taylor, Tere] A. and Cathy Gitbert. Crltarel Leatdscape Report: Cant Ranch
Historie District, Jokn Day Fossil Beds National Monunient, Seattle:
USDI, NPS. Pacific Northwest Region, Columbia Cascades System
Support Office, Cultural Resources Division. 1996. 125+ pp. fAunotated)
Bh: O97247
T: L755

John Muir National Historic Site (CA)

Donahue, John. Orchant Management Plan and lategrated Pest Management
Plan for the Joli Muir National Historic Site, Seatte: USDI, NPS. wd.
120 pp.
B: 016803

Lake Chetan National Recreation Area (WA)

Toxberger, Danicl. Am Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of North
Cusvades National Park Service Complex, Seattle: USTII, NPS, Pu
Northwest Region, Cultural Resaurces Division, 1996. 427 pp.
fAnnoteted)

T: 168/D-228

Giber, Cathy A., Gretchen Luxeoberg, and Renata Niedzwiecka. Cidirerad
fandscape Documentation: Buckner Homestead, Stehekin, Washington,
Fake Chelan Nutional Recreation Area, Syattle: USDI, NPS, Pacific
Northwest National Parks d& Porests Association. 1985. [4 pp.
tArntotated)

B: OUSS87
C: 015587

Mount Rainier National Park (WA)

Dolan, Susan. Cultured Landscape Design Guidelines. Longmire Village
Develaped Area, Mount Rainier National Park, (Drift), Seattle: USDI,
WPS, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Catumibia Cascades Systes
Support Office, Cultural Resources Division, 1997. 09 pp. (Annotated)

CuuTuRAL Lanpscare BiBLIOERAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Pakk SysTent



‘This report outlines the ¢eaffic conditions in the area at the ume of writing (1940)
and traffic improvement proposals affecting the parkway project, The design of
the Jandscape of the valley is described and information is given on plans tor grading
and rip-rapping the stream bunks to prevent crasion. Because the creck channel is
very closely confined, it is considered inmpossible to create a truly naturatistic effect,
however, a pleasing appearance was planned by laying the rock in such 4 way
¢reate numerous pockets into which shrubs and geasses could be planted. During
the execution of this work it was hoped that every existing tree located directly on
the stream bank could be saved. Kload control measures tnd soil stabilization
technigues are also described. The planting scheme is tllustrated on an
accompanying plan, I1 was proposed (o make use of trees, shrubs and geoandcovers
natural to the region. For the tree canopy, cak, tulip, beech, syeamore, birch, maple,
and pine ave recommended with dogwood, redbud, hombeam. ammelanchier, and
holly in the second story, Shrubs would include Jaucel, blueberry, spice bush, and
alder, and the ground cover would cunsist of grasses and weeds, The planting
design is illustrated and includes massed groups of species.

‘The work procedures aud phasing arc described. It is proposed that, in the futurc,
similar landscaping work should be carried out on the west bank of the creek to
complete the original proposals for an open valley park,

eke ad

The George Washington Caiversity. Historic Landscape Preservation Program,
Studio Project. Preservation Needs Assessment, Dumbarton Oaks Park,
Washington, 2.C, Washingion, D.C, George Washington Univers
Lfistaric Landscape Preservation Program Studia Project. 1993. 150 pp.
B: 450025

Dumbarton Oaks Park was created by the donation of 22 acres along a stream
corridor in Georgetown t the National Park Service in 1941 by Mildred Bliss, At
that time, the Blisses also donated the more formal portion of their estate (o Harvard
University. Once « combined estute, the two owners chose different paths in their
management of the parcels

The boundaties of Dumbarton Oaks Park have Temained the same as originally
designed by Beatrix Fasrand in 1922, [fowever, the design intent that created the
illusion of a country estate bas been compromised due ¢o the change in management
strategies which have allowed the park w become more naluralized,

The preservation needs and assessments of Dumbarton Oaks Park was conducted
at The George Washington University as a studio project and is intended to reflect
the need for Curther research and analysis of the park.

This study consists of seven sections: Forward, Historic Overview. Existing
Conditions, Analysis, Management and Phasing Strategy, Suromary and Appendix.
The mast well known owners of Dumbarlon Oaks were the Blisses, Robert Woods
Bliss was a career diplomat and eventually held the “Dumbarton Quks Conference”
at the site, which formalized the idea of the United Nations, Mildred Bliss was the
instigator of the creation of the gardens and park, which were articulated through
the design and under the direction of Beatrix Farrand. the well known landscape
aschitect,

186 Curtural. LaNoscaPe BieLiocRarHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTeM



Cabriilo Nationat Monument {CA}

National Park Service, Cuitural Landscape Analysty and Recommendations for
General Management Planning, Old Point Loma Lighthouse Cabritlo
National Monwmnent, Sa Diego Califurnia. Seaule: USDIL NPS. 1993,
5 pp.

B: 017622

City of Rocks National Reserve (ID)

National Park Service, Historic Resources Study: City of Rocks National
Reserve, Southeentrul idaho. Seattle: USDI, NPS, Pacific West Field Area.
Columbia Cuscades System Support Office, 1096, 150+ pp.

B: 017249
T: 003/D-16

Couiee Dam National Recreation Area (WA)

Gilbert, Cathy A. The Histone Landscape af Fort Spokane: A Pretintinary
Study. Coulee Dein National Recreation Area, Seattle: USDI, NPS. 1984,
26 pp. (Annotated)
B: 012879
T: 608/D-64

Gilben, Cathy A, and Renata Niedzwiecka. The Historic Landscape of Furt
Spokane: A Design Proposal, Caulee Dam National Recreation Areu.
Seattie: USDI. NPS, 1985. 56 pp. (uerated)

B. 013603

C: 013604

T: 60WD-644,

N: PB&6- 16194 AS/PCAQUMFAQL

Crater Lake National Park (OR}

Gilbert. Cathy A. and Gretchen A. Luxcnberg, The Rustic Landscape of Rim
Village, 1927-1941. Crater Lake Nationat Park. Oregon, Seattle: USD.
NPS. Pacitic Northwest Region. Cultural Resources Division, 1990. 191
Pp. (Annotated)

B: 019278
T. 1W6/D-107

Mairs, John, Kathryn Winthrop, and Robert Winthrop. Archeofogreal and
Ethnological Suadies of Southwest Oregau and Crater Lake National Park.
Seattle: USDI, NPS, Pacific Nenhwest Region, Culturat Resources
Division. 1994, 21) pp. (Artmatazed)

T: W6D-217

National Park Service, Cutteral Landscape Recommendations, Park
Headquarters at Munson Valter Crater Lake National Park. Seaule: US
NPS. 1991. 45 pp. (annonaed)

B: OV618
T: 1OGD-15i

Comprenensive BigioGRapHy

ral


Denver Service Center
‘Technical Information Center
P.O, Box 25287

Denver, CO §0225-0287

TEI: 303 963-2130

FAX> 305-969-2587

Intermountain Region
Denver Support Office
FO. Box 28287
Denver. CO 90225-0287
T 303-969-2897
FAX 305-987-6675

Intermountain Region
Santa Fe Support Office
PO, Box 728

NM_ 87504-0728
; A05-988-6809
013-O8S 6876

National Capital Regional Office
| wo Ohio Drive. SW

ton. DC 2024

2002-523 1320

PAX; 2002-523 1322

National Techaical [information Service

Speingt
1. 7)3-605- 6000

INTRODUCTION

Northeast Region, Oimsted Center for

Landscape Preservation
Street
MA 025346

Northeast Region
Philadelphia Support Office

eka Chsent Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106
TEL: 215-597-8850
PAX: 215-597-6549

Pacific West Region

Columbia Cascades Support Office
1 Aven

ale, WA YS 104-1)

2. 206 220-4182

FAX: 286-220-2159

Pacific West Region
Pacific Great Basin Support Office
OU North Harrison Street
Suite 600
Sau Vrancisce, CA O107-1372
TE: Ad5-127- 1598
‘AX 415 497-1581

Southeast Regionat Office
1924 Buddin
100 Alaban

rect. SW

Atlanta. GA 30303

xi


iLis unnecessary to wait until a park-wide National Register nomination is completed
to seck National Regisier listing for Scawall and portions of Blackwoods
campground. A nationwide multiple property listing, entitled “Historic Park
Landscapes in National and State Parks.” completed in 1995, could provide the
thematic framevork for preparation of nonunation forms for the campgrounds at
Acadia Nattonal Park,

ee eee

Foulds, i], Eliot, Historic Afotor Road System, Acadia National Park,
Compliance Documentation and Rehabilitation Guidelines for Federal
Highways Project #PRA-ACAD-4A 10, Lauren G. Meier, od. Cultural
Landscape Publication No. 9, Boston: USD], NPS, Olmstect Center for
Landscape Preservation. 1996. 175 pp.

B: 017713
fT: 123/D-153

“The historic motor roads are the primary means by which lhe majority of visitors
experience Acadia Nattonal Park. This report is prepared ta tdentify character-
defining Tcatures and to recommend specific rehabilitation guidelines related to
the Federal Highway Administration’s Project PRA-ACAD 4410. so that the historic
characters of he motor road system is retained, This report is intenled w provide
the basis for the Case Report required for compliance with the flistoric Preservation
Act andl to guide Federal Elighways as they prepare the final construction documents,

The repon emphasizes that periodic rehabilitation of these roadways and their
adjacent landscape is necessary dae to the increase i iuor use. The ceport
acknowledges and provides careful consideration of the historic character of the
motor roads so that Future highway repairs do got result in an uecumulation of
alwrations which. taken together, may significantly alter the historic resources of
the park,

A historic overview of the design and construction ol the historic motor road system
at Acadia National Park is presented. The report then focuses on the portion of the
roadway that would potentially be affected, and the construction issues related w
the FHWA Project &PRA-ACAD 4410. Thevetore, this report docs not provide
any comprehensive information retated to character and mtegrity of the remaining
portions of the road system. A description of existing conditions was presented for
the area of the roadway commonly known as the “Loop Read” from near the
intersection of Cadillac Mountain Road to Otter Cliffs. and also a northern sper,
known as “Paradise Hill Road.”

The report closes with guidelines for rehabilitation, wherein cach feature is cailed
oul with a simmmary of its history, issucs that arise trom review of the Federal
Highway Comani: 's construction drawings, and recommendations in keeping
with historic design intent and preservation of existing features.

eee RS

492 Currurat LanpscaPe BisuioGRAPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Parx System


NOISSN LSVSHLYON



Cumberland tsiand National Seashore (GA)

Frocschauer, Peggy Stanley. The tarerpretation und Management of cr
Agricuttural Landscape ~Stagird Plantation, Cumberland stand Mationat
Seashove, Georgia. CPSU Technical Report No. 59. Atlanta: USDL. NPS.
Cooperative Studies Unit, Cniversity of Georgia-Athens. School of
Enviromental Design, 189. 160 pp.

B: 017197
“h 640/D-91

land island National Seashore is one OF several bamser islands off the coast
of Georgia. As one af the southern most istands ia the chain, it consists af anspuited
Ddeaches, dunes, marshes, freshwater lakes, and several historic sites including
Stafford Plantatioss, the focus of this report,

Cur

This report wus conducted as a in partial fullitiment for a Masters
Degree inf andseape Architecture trom the Gniversity of Georgia. Three approaches,
to the study tne! a background study/literawre search, archival rescarch; aed
fie] research, The study focuses on the period from 1800 to 1863, and the Carnegie
Period of ownership, from (882-1925, Land-use activities are discussed with respect
to effects on the Plantation era agricultural landse:

Utilizing National Park Service management documents. three management zones,
were mapped inchuling a natural zone. a development zone anct @ historic zone.

‘Two alternative designs for interpretive programs were presented, One focuses on
interpretation under the present ownerslap boundaries of NPS, while the other
assumes future acquisition of hard by NPS

ne RE

Zeichner, Lauren Lubin. Landscape Management Plan for Dungeness,
Cumhertand Island National Seashore. Ailanta: USD, NPS. 1988. 8? pp.
B: 014582
C: 01582
T: AOD 8

The purpose of this study, developed as pur of a Masters deyree ia landscape
architecture. is to develop a landscape management plun for the 250 sere Dungeness
Historie District. within the Cumberland Istind National Seashore,

‘The district has been the location of a prehistoric Indian seulement. seventeenth
century Spanish occupation, an antebellum Sea Island votton plantation owned by
Revolutionary war hero. General Nathanie} Greene and his heirs, and a late
sinctecath cealwy-carly twentieth century country estate owacd by Thomits aad
Lucy Carnegie.

is

The site is a vornpasite landscape including clements of an cthnognephte kndscape.
vernacular landscape, designed estate aod an historic site. The researeh is based op
archival searches, fieldwork and interviews

The site is significant hucause of its association with historic persons and its
Wusteation of particular styles of design, Two periacts are considered the most

ANNOTATED BrstiocRaPHy

SourtHesst Rec

315



Mipwest Recion

158

Currently, the property includes ten extant buildings and stuctures; a light tower
and attached passagewny, lwo dwellings. 4 boathouse, a foy signal building. avo
privies, a brick oi] house, a metal oil house and a garage. The site also includes
significant landscape features and charucteristics, ‘The most important character:
defining qualities and features of the landscape—the edge definition of the Luke
Superior shoreline and bluff, a densely vexerated forest edge; the verticality and
visual prominence of the Jight tower: the site arrangement of ovo distinct but
interrelated clusters, Une lighthouse/residential cluster and the watertroat/industvial
cluster; and dhe internal sidewalk syslem - are still present today.

‘The goal of this CLR is 10 provide preservation Ireutment recommendations and
prelininary design plans fur phased implementation of the treatment
reconunendations. ‘The scape of work for the CLR also included documentation of
the physical history of the site. a graphic site chronology, analysis of the history of
the sile over time, documentation of existing condiuans, and an integrity assessment
of the sire, The NPS initiated the CLR process for the light station in response to
the need for cleur guidance on how to manage the landscape of the site. The CLR
has been undertaken primarily in response 1 management needs and concerns
relating 19 the appropriate treatment of the landscape which has received little
atlemion since the sitc ceased to operale as 2 slatfed light station m L958. The CLR.
provides information that can be consulted in developing future plans for meeting
visitation, shorefing protection, access needs, and other site needs without damaging
cultural landscape values and resources.

Research involved site investigations, examination of secondary sources and primary
documentation of humun activity on Au Suble Point. oral histury interviews and
the use of historic maps and photographs. Documents from former residents, bight
stuian’s log books, administrative inspection repor d historic photographs
and maps. have resulted in a well-documented site. The Au Sable Light Station
was listed in the National Register of Historie Places in L978. The Au Suble site is.
eligible under bout National Register Criteria A and C for its contributions to the
navigational history at the Great Lakes and for its architecture, The site tins historical
significunce because of its importance to navigation along Lake Superios’s.
weacherous southern shore (Criterion Aj. The site alsa represents an excellent
example of 19" century lighthouse architecture (Criterion C). The period of
significance has becn identified as spanning the entire development and operation
of the hight station from 873-1958, The site wis largely abandoned from 1959 to
1968, at which time it way acnuired by NPS.

The report is broken into six major sections that include: Administrative Data, Site
History, Existing Conditions, Analysis, Landscape Treatment Recommentiations,
and the Bibliography. The repart is supported with maps, plans and photographs,

CuturaL LavoscaPe BisLioGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System



depth evaluation of areas not addvessed in this Cultural Landscape Analy: phe
scope of the analysis inched a Presidio-wide general investigation and mapping
of Jandscapy features

‘The phases of the anulysis meluded: research and development of cultural kindseapey
description and chronology: determination of landscape areas und subareas;
assessment of condition and integrity: determination of sensitivity ws change of
ayeaty and systems; and a description of characier defining elements and features
fur each of the idemtitied landscape areas,

Twenty-eight Jandscape arcas are delined in the analysis. Within the descriptive
portion of the unalysis, each of the twenty-vight areas ure addressed in two categories:
including au outline of the historical events and associadans of euch area, and a
description of the character-defining fealures and elements.

Tis important to note that the analysis ix based upon historical docuntents already
betd by the National Park Service, and that no further documentation was.
undertaken, Relevant historical inforination is kugwn to be held ie the Following
mchival collections: NPS Westurn Region Office. Golden Gate Nationil Roeremion
Axca office, the Nationul Archives, the City of San Francisvo, and lova) acrial
photographic companics, The report states that important developments at the
Presidio thay not bave been included in this analysis because af a lack af
documentation, The following is a list of vertain tasks that should be considered in
future ducumentation and evu)uation etforls prior to the preparation of a CLR.
Design Histary should be considered in reference lo the goll course. outdoor
recreulion facilities, response (> climate and natural features, forest uid tree cover,
parks, yardens, and public space systems. General fisrary should be considered
in reference to relationship of Presidta ta the developnicat of San Uruncisea,
lemponty uses and development, use anit nodificatton of undevetopexl oper spa

While gaps between periods of development exist, in general, the analysis covers
the period of time from 1776 16 19490, This report does not include any maps,
plans. or graphics that may Nuve been produced during this provess. nor does it
include copies of historic maps. pkibs or graphics consulted in this process.

ARR E

id and Community Associates, and EDAW, hie. Sucre Historic District
Cattqral Landscape Report, Volume 2. Seale: USDIL NPS. 1993. 1tG+ pp.
B: 17603

Te 6419-205

Suite Historic District is parl of the 73,000 acre Galden Gare National Recreation
Area which winds its way wong the Pacific coast through San Frang!
County, California. The district was nominated to the National Reg
but was determined ineligible for listing, The CLR is described as “part of u growing
body of work related to the documentation, evatuition, planning and munagenent
of cultural kendscapes.” The sesult af itis CLR process will be used ta prepare a
comprehensive desiga plan for the district, aul may be utilized 19. amesl the Nudonal
Register somination to include the landscape,

The first section of the CLR contains a thirty-live page narative history. beginning
with a pre-bistaric und historic background, Sutro Historic District contains

Annotatep BistiocraPHy

Paciric We:

275



SourtHEeast ION

Andrew Johnson National Historic Site (TN)

Davis, Benjamin H. Research Report. Andrew dohusan Homestead Grogs,
Atlanta: USDI, NPS. 1956. 19 pp.
B; 010023
T: 010023

Lawliss, Lucy, Brian Morris and Ruthanne L. Mitchell. Cutaral Landscape
Report: Andrew Jolinson National Cemetery, Andrew Johnson National
Historie Site, Greenville Tennessee. Atlanta: USD, NPS. Southeast
Regionat Office, Cultaral Resources Planning Division. (993. 30 pp.
(Amorated)

B: 017253
T: 365/D-16

Blue Ridge Parkway (NC, VA)

Bith Jan LW. Moses 1. Cone Memorial Park Cultural Landscape Report,
Alue Ridge Parkwex. North Caroling. Avanta: SDT, NPS, Southeast
Regional Office, Cultural Resource Planning Division. 1993. $78+ pp.
Annotated}

B: 015543
T: GO1/1)-368

Virth, lan JW, Historic Resources Study— Blue Ridge Parkway. (Draft),
Atlanta: USDI, NPS, Southeast Regional Office. (992. 236 pp.
(Annotated

Jobnson, Bart. Mitigation af Visitor impacts on High Montane Rare Plant
Habitat: An Integrated Strategy of Design Interpretation and Resteration
at Cragey Gardens. Blue Ridge Parkway, Athens: Schoo) of Reology,
University of Georgia. 1992. 143 pp.

T: 601/D-361

National Park Service. Visual Character of the Blue Ridge Parkway, Avant:
USDI. NPS. 1997. 309 pp. ‘Anuatated)
B: 07653
T: 601/1D-433

Wilhelm, E.J..Je Evalogical History and Historical Ecotogy of the Blue Ridge
Mountaius. Np. n.d.
B: 002228
T: COND-43

Cape Hatteras National Seashore (NC)

Sloat, Harry and Jerome A, Greene. Historie Grounds Study, Little Kinaakeet
Life Suving and Coast Guard Station, Cape Hatieras National Seashore,
North Caralina. Atlanta; USDE, NPS, 1988. 74 pp, tAnnoratedi
B: 015050
T: 603/D-46

Comprenensive BipuiocRarHy 83


Based on the information presented in this report, the significance of the site is
evaluated. The homestead us a complex is considered to po histori¢ landsenpe
significance on a local and regional level ucvording to National Reyister criteria A,
C, and D. Under Criterion A, the Buckner homestead is closely associated with
carly homesteading efforts in the Sichekin valley. The complex as a whole reflects
Jand use activities, aduptations, and horticultural practices Over several generation:
Under Criterion C, the site embodies a distinct pe and method of building
construction and site organization within the valley. Under Criterion D, the
homestead yields impertant information about sctilement patterns in the Stehekin
valley and illustrates a way of Sife in a wildemess environment. 1 aise provides.
information on smal] -scale commercial apple orchard developownt and production
at the Carn of the century.

The Buckner JIomestead is considered to retain landscape integrity under the seven
criteria of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship. feeling, and assoviaion.

Mount Rainier National Park (WA}

Dolan, Sasun. Cultural Landseape Design Guidelines, Longmire Village
Developed Area, Mount Rainier National Park. (Dratt). Scatte: USDI, NPS,
Pawifie Northwest Regional Offige, Columbia Caseades System Support
Office, Cultural Resources Division. 1997. 109 pp.

Established in 1899, Mount Rainier National Park encompasses the ereitest single-
peak glacial system in the United States, The glacial system radiates from the
summit and slopes of an ancient volcano with dense forests and subalpine Mower
meadows below,

Longmise is the park’s oldest village and the first developed urea encountered hy
visitors entering the park from the southwest at the Nisqually Entrance, Seven
miles along the road from ihe Nisqually Entrance, Langniire is a park village of
approximately 105 acres, ettcompassing conilerous forest. mendow, riparian and
developed land beside the Nisqually River, Within thts mountainous. volcanic
landscape, Longmin: is nestled on river terraces at the tox of che steep slopes of
Rampart Ridge and Eugle Peak,

This pretiminary document és part of an ongoing provess by the park to establish a
complete set of design guidelines for both the historic architcenire ancl Jandseape
architecture of the Longmire Village Developed Area. Longmire Village Developed
Atea, also referred to as the “village landscape.” encompasses the areas of buth
Longmire Historic District and Longinire Campground. which were togeth
‘Longinire Village Developed Arca, Narivnal tlistoric Landmark" in

The design puidelines serve as 4 guide 10 the historic design principles, a descriptive
guide to the historic character of Longmire Village Developed Area.
vocabulary or palette of appr opriate inaterials, forms, structures, Junction
and composition for re alterations and additions in Longmire Village
Developed Area,

nas a

Ie,

AnnotaTep BistlocraPHy 283


172

Arsenal site, and the basement of a small shed al the rear of building 25, The
investigations are undertaken jw gain information relating to the re-establishment
of the id-nineteenth cenuny pee-Civil War garden and demolition of building 23
and its shed. ‘There is an absence of hisiorical data regarding the exact nature of The
garden during the Civi! War period. Further extensive archeological exploration of
the arsenal plot is planned following the demolition of building 23 ia 1959,

‘The report sets out the rechniques of archeological investigation ised ancl the results.
In the gardens, the excavation showed no evidence of a formal path bewween the
plots, however, there is an indication of humus beds in the terraced levels of the
garden, The tests in the buildings were mace to determine if any evidence remained
of the arsenal swucture thought to have occupied that area. No actual walls of
previous bitiklings were discovered.

Fuirbuirn, Charlotte 5, Jefferson's Rock. Washington, D.C: USDIL, NPS, 1961. 16.
PP.
RB: O01 74
C: 001174

High above the town of Harper's Ferry. there is a rock overlook that affords the
viewer a long view af the Shenandoah Valley, Many « visitor, from early clays att,
have stood at the site and taken in the view.

Thomas Jeverson, reputedly, visited the rock at Harpers Ferry in October 1783 10
observe the view of the Shenandoah, His observations were later published as a
booklet “Notes on Virginia.”

The park historian documents the history of Jedfersan’s Rock in this publication.
The report includes excerpts from Jefferson's notes ane correspondence, Skewhes,
photographs, stereoplicon pictures, and postcards illustrate the scene at the sock
from the vighteenth century up anti] che cime of writing (1961). Documentary
evidence describes early work undertaken to stabilize and support the rock: the
supporting pillars were in place between 1853 and (860,

The development of the site as a farnous view point and tourist attraction is described.
The Baltimore & Ohio excursion tours and canal boat ccuises, for example, brought
marty visitors in the decade following the Civil War, ‘The influx of visitors has
resulteal ina quinber of changes over time, especially to the wail leading up 10 the
cock. in 1934, isoprovements to the trail made the sack more canveniendy aceessible.
ft was substantialty graded and engineered in 1956 with new stone steps installed
in che most eroded ureas. Logs were embedded! at intervals along the teail ta prevent
erosion and wooden bandrails installed. Removal of vegetation was undertaken to.
improve the views and interpretive signage installed. In [958 the Jefferson ‘trait
was extended heyond the Rock descending to the bridge and providing a continuous
path to the Loudoun Heights Trail across the Shenandoah,

fhe author concludes that at the time of writing, the vistas from the ail were
disappointing with wees and shrubs on the hillside below ihe rock overgrown to
the point that the far-famed view of Jefferson's day was no longer visible, No
recommendations for cemedial work are made in the publication.

Kae Ey

Cutturat LawoscaPt BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System


Thomas Stone National Historic Site {MD)

John Milner Archilects, J, Richard Rivoire and Land Ethics. Calial Landscape
Report for the National Park Service, Thomas Stone National Historic Site.
Np: USDI, NPS, 1996, 105+ pp.

B: 017658

Formerly referred to as Haberdeventure, the Thomas Stone National Historical
Site gains iis present name and signiicance Srom Thomas Stone, ote of Maryhind's
thece signers of the Declaration of Independence. Stane acquired the property in
1770 and successive generations of Stone family descendants owacd and occupied
the farm until 1936, The Store damily ownership of the Tarim is divided into six,
periods that spun 166 years.

The Thomas Stone National Historic Site encompasses 322 actes of Charies County,
Muryland. Formerly a worktag farm, the site was acquired by the NPS in 1982 and
has been opened to the public since 1992, The Stone farm cleveloped tn the middle-
class tradition of country seats and Jarming. This site provides an oppertuaity 10
imterpret the development of farming practices from the late-eighteeuth century
through the mid-twentieth century. The Stone sit an important resource for
learning more about slivery practiees und tenant gs

The General Managenient Phin, approved in 1990, utilized documentation included
in the }istoric Structures Repon of 1987, and the Historic Resource Suidy oF
JO8S. This CLR was initiated to provide significam information regarding the
cultural landscape resources of the site. which were not adequately addressed in
the previous sludies. The goat for the CLR is wo provide a detailed accoum of the
changes in the landscape from Thomas Stone's peciod lo the present. In preparation
for the CLR. team members cefied on three bodies of researgh: documentary recortts,
existing and contemporancous archaeological investigations, and inventory and
analysis of existing conditions, Documentary resources include U.S, Geological
survey maps dating irom 1911, acriat photographs dating from (937, and
photographs of the site dating front (900.

The CLR process showed thar although many of the designed and vernacutar
jandseape features we gone, the broad stracture of the fuming landscape as it
developed during the past 200 years remains in evidence,

Recommendations for further research inciude 4 more in-depth exploration of the
following subjects: History of local farming practices; Archacologicat investigation
of slave quarters, tenant housing. and other outbuildings: Terrace gardens; and
Ont of-statte repositories oF Stone Fanuly papers.

Appendices inchide the following supporting documents: diagtas or “Lanaily ees”
for the Stone and Brown/Stone Families: historical survey maps: 2 history of
agriculture in soulhern Maryland in narrauive text; an overview of landscape desiga
during the Jate 18th Century; forest stand analysts: and Late 18th-Centucy plant
lists,

242 CutTuRAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY? RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM


NorTHeast REGION

Weir Farin Nationst Historic Site, Muhunsi M. Young Branchville Shed walercalor. (Courtesy of Brigham: Forte
Universite, Museum of Act. ©. 1938)

AnnorTaTeo Brsiiocrarny 249


‘This report is an integral part of the NPS planning process for the Memorial and
serves 10 delineate the character-defning features of the historic landscape and
provide recommendations for the pre On treatment of the site. Suggested
guidelines atso provide for new development planned for purcels af land acquired
by the NPS after 1936. The methoology used in this research inciudes a ficld
invenlury of existing conditions and landscape features, the review and
documentation of archival materials (both writen and graphic) previous surveys
or inventories, wlephone inquiries amd the evaluation of the site’s integrity based
on the procedures of historical documeniation by the NPS,

The period of significance determined for the landscape of the site is 1901 through

(93), Thus tine frame incorporates the design competition, development of the
Memorial through the initial construction phase {1912-1915}, installation of whe
modified landscape design (1924-1926), and the span of years when interim
modifications refteyted practical adjustments (1927-1931), Because of i
commemoration of and relauon to the critical American victory in the Battle of
Lake Erie on September 10, 1313. the Memorial has sigmficance under Criterion
A of the National Register. I also meets Criterion C duc to its architectural and
engineering merit, as the work of a prominent architect. an example of the Beaus-
Arts style of architecture and landscape architecture and i sociation with (he
National Commission of Fine Arts.

Based on the findings of this study, the site still retains the general character. feeling
and mary of the original features of Freclandes’s 1924 Beaux. Ans design. Much
of the original visual impact that the column and adjacenlandscape offered remiams.
Missing features are generally well-documented and could be restored to enhance
the itegrity of the historic designed landscape. This report evaluatws the xi
landscape featares mdividually. both for them significance and for their integrity

The final analysis reveals thal the existing landscape retains much of the historic
character of the 1914-193) period of significance. The major suactural elements
(circulation, patter views, small-scale detai nc spatial relationships) retai.
the fecling for the historic charjcter. The vegelative tcatures have lost some integrity.
but are fairly well documented and may be restored. The recommended preservanon
teatinent for the site is rehabilitation, ihe goal of which is to “retain Ihe historic
character of a property” while allowing fur improvements to accommodate “an
efficient contemporary use.” Graphics accompany ing this report inclide historic
and contemporary photographs, and plan drawings of the

Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (Ml)

Weekley, Rachel F., Quina Evans Architects, und !and and Community
Associates, Cultural Landscape Report: Au Sable Light Station, Pictured
Rocks National Lakeshore. Onvaha: USD), NPS, Midwest Regional Support
Office. 1999, 181 pp.

The Au Sable Light Station, located within the Pictured Rocks Nationat Lakeshore,
16 a relatively infact dinetcenth-century lighthouse station on the south shure of
Lake Superior, The Au Sable Light Station is located approximately thirty miles
northeast of park hea adquarters at Munising. Michigan, and approximately 12 miles
west of Grand M, Michigan. The light station occupies the northern up of Au

is.)
Sable Point. west of the Grand Sabie Dunes,

ANNOTATED BiBLIOGRAPHY

Miowes

187



JORTHEAST REGION

Malcolm, Joyce L.. The Scene of vie Battle, 1775: Historic Grounds Report.
Minue Man National Historical Pa “indierel Resources Management
Study No. £5. Boston: USDL. NPS, North Atlantic Regional Office. Division
of Cultural Resources. 1985. 96 pp.

B: 902349

C: 002349

T: 406/D 53

N: PBSG-2:41560/PCA07/MEAQL

‘The Minute Man National Historical Park in Massachusetts covers 750 acres. It
commemorates the events of a single day. Aprit 19, 1775, when the Battle Road
and the Otd North Bridge in Concord were the scene of the military clashes which
launched the Amesicaa Revolution. One of the aims of the park is to recreate the
vernacular landscape which existed at the ime of the battle, This report describes
the historical appearance of the landscape, where the roads, houses, and barns
were located, and how the surrounding Jand was subdivided and used.

‘The research is based on primary documentary sources, the most valuable of which
proved to be deeds, wills, tax rol)s and assessments, and surviving maps aud surveys,
‘The report begins with an evaluation of these source materials.

‘The resus of the research ave presented in six chapters, each relating to a specilic
district wilbin the park: Fiske Hill to Nelson Road. Nelson Road to the Old Concord-
Lexington Line, the Old Concord-Lexington Line to Old Bedford Road, Old Bedford
L to the Lincoln Linc. the Lincoln Line to Meriam’s Comer. and the North
Bridge Area. Each district is introduced by a brief discussion of its main landscape
features including roads, bridleways. ishunds. and temain, Any special problems
involved in their documentation are outlined. Maps are ingluded to iflustale the
descriptions. ‘The jand within cach of the districts is then divided according to its
owner in 1775, and each propery is analyzed. The analysis begins with a bricf
account of the occupants in April 1775, followed by a descriplivn of the property
nself including details of the land use and structures.

‘The report concludes with recommendations for further historical rescarch. These
include a rigorous examination of the road network of the park and an in-depth
study Of particular features of the landscape such as the crops planted, varieties af
planis. species of cattle. oxen, and swine, tees typical of the period, and local
ques of road and bridge construcuon. The results of this additional research
should aid the cecreatton of the historic ape. Lt is also suggested that the
findings of this report should be applied to current interpretation of the site,

aehes

Toogond, Anna Coxe. Historie Grounds Report, The Wayside. Denver; USDI,
NPS, 1970. 200 pp.

B> ODOS73

CC: 000573

KR: 20371 PCAIIMPEAOL

The Wayside in Concord. Massachusetts has been the home of many noted figures
in American literary tiistary. including Anus Bronson Aloat, Louisa May Alcmt.
Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Margaret Sydney, The house and grounds were acquired

228 CuLTURAL LanoscaPe BigLiOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL ParK System



Historie base maps for each phase af development are produced and bisturic
photographs illustrate the text,

The Sandburg philosophy towards.
Conner also diseu

are and ther managenient policies for
vetion. It 1s stated that the Sandburgs loved

ing into a Much wilder
and unkempt state: grass grew tall in the front yard and pastures, shrubbery was
allowed to grow straguly. fallen [eaves were not cleared, and vines permitied ta
grow on the side of the house and over fences. Some areas were released fo natural
tS the Sandburg period are categorized
into (Wo types ade and natural. Man-made changes include the removal and
veplanting of vegetation, and addition of new planting. Natural changes include
succession and losses due to iataral causes,

‘The integnty of the site as it exists today. under NPS management is compared 1
its condition during the 22 year pened of the Sandburg occupancy. Changes ta
cach of the 24 components af the landscupe are documented and itfustated in
contemporary photographs. Overall, the site ix considered to exhibit a bigh degree
of mtegrity, although, present managenient techniques have altered the “Teeling’ of
the kindscape and it is suggested that the site no longer expresses the Sandburgs

SouTHeast Recio

Annovateo Bipttograray

311



Betlavia. Regina M., and George W. Ourry, Crna! Landscape Repart for
Sagamore Hill National Historic Sue, Volume }: Site History, Existing
Conditions and Anatysts. Cultural Landscape Publication No. 8. Bostan:
USD). NPS, Obnsted Center for Landscape Preservation. 1995. 357 pp.
{Annotated
B; 013644
T: 4190-15

Marty, Barbara, Betsy Melrose and Regina Beilavia. Landscape Preservation
Mamtenance Plan. Boston: USDI, NPS. Olmsted Center (or Landscape
Preservation, (99%, 300+ pp.

Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site (NH)

Coffim. Margaret, and Charles Pepper, Landscape Preservation Maintenance
Program for Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site. Boston: USDI, NPS.
Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation. 1993. 300+ pp.

Coffta. Margaret, Kristin Claeys, and Charles Pepper. Historic Plant inventory
for Saim-Gaudens National Historic § Boston: USDI, NPS, Otmsted
Cemter for Landscape Preservation. 1994. 350+ pp.

National Park Service. General Management Plan, Develapinent Concept
Plan, Environmental fmpuct Statement: Saint-Gaueus Nationa! Historical
Site, Denver: USDI, NPS, 1996, 190 pp.

Noble. Willian. ffedge Restoration Masal for Sant-Canidens Nationat
Ffistavie Site. Cornish: USDI. NPS, 1989. 59 pp, (Amrotatedt
B: 015097
Ni PBOD-222498/AS/PCAOUMEADI

Pressley, Marton, and Cynthia 7ait . Crltural Landscape Report for
Saint-Gaudens National Histaric Sue, Volume 1: Site History and Existing
Conditions. Cultural Landscape Publication No. 3, Boston: USDI, NPS,
North Attanuc Regional Office, Division of Cultural Resources
Management, Cultural Landscape Program. 1993, 263 pp. fAnnatated}
B: O1G4S1
T: 423/D-21

— — —» Cuttural Landscape Report for Saint-Gaudens National Historie
Site, Votwne 2: Site Anatysis. (Draft), Boston: USDE NPS, Olmsted
Center for Landscape Preservation. 1994. 113 pp,

B: 016451

Presstey, Marion. Cultural Landscape Report: Saint-Gaudens National
Historic Se, Phase H. Significance and huegrit. Boston: USDI, NPS,
North Avaotic Regional Office, Division of Cultural Resources,
Management, Cuttural Landscape Program, 1993, 535+ pp.

B: 017661

— — — Calturel Landscape Report for Saint-Gandens National Historic
Site, Volume 3: Landscape Managenient Options. Boston: USDI, NPS,
Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation. 1994. 37 pp,

82 Curtura. Lanoscare BiguiooRarky: RESOURCES IN THE NATIOHAL Park SYSTEM


JORTHEAST REGION

Martin Van Buren National Historic Site {NY}

Simon, Brona G., and Patricia E. Rubertone. Histor: Grounds Report,
Lindenwald, Martin Van Buren National Historic Site, Kinderhook, New
York, Vol. H. Archeologival Sectioa, Bostom: USDI, NPS, North Atlantic
Regional Ofltce, Division of Cultural Resources. 1982, 152 pp.

B: 010638.
€: 010638
T: 46W1-5
WN: PB83-242032/PCA0KMEAOL

The Hudson Valley estate. Lindenwald. located in the town of Kinderhook, New
York, was the home of Martin Van Buren. the eighth President of the United States,
between the years 1839 and 1862, in 1973. a 12.8 acre potion of the 225 acre
farmstead was designated the Martin Yan Burca National Historic Site
Subsequently, the National Pack Service nuitiated a program for the maintenance
and management of the site and the restoravion of the estate grounds. This second
volume of the Historic Grounds Report for the Martin Van Buren Natioaal Historic
Site presents the archeological data.

“This archeological field survey is undertaken to provide additional information on
the building sequence and evolution of the vernacular landscape. {n particular it is
inteaded that the investigation would answer some of the questions raised in the
previous report concerning the location, size, orientation, and disposition of certain
suctures. OF s ic interest is the definition of the Martin Van Buree pertad
grounds, and to aid the reconstruction of the historic landscape:

‘This report presets the results of the archeological survey. [tis organized into Wo
major sections: 4 description of the data collection and analytical procedures, and
a description of the results. The investigations yielded much physical evidence to
confirm the interpretation of the building sequence made from the documentary
rescarch. The results also provided new information, Por example. examination of
the spatial distribution of various artifact groups has aided in the identification of
landscape features such as the roads and Javns. Palynological analysis enabled
broad species of vegetation io be identified. Specific information on vach of the
ownership periods is provided.

The report recommends that a management program be developed for the
archeological resources on the sile. 1 is suggested that additional archeological
investigation of some of the Yaa Buren period features would be useful in providing
further data on Van Buren’s use of the estate. 2s weil as the economic interaction of
Lindenwald with Kinderhook and the Hudson Valley.

eeeee

Stokinger. William A. Historie Grounds Report-Vatume 1, Documentary Se
Lutdeawald, Martin Van Buren National Historic Site. Boston: USDI. NPS.
Nomh Avantic Regional Office, Division of Cultural Resources, 1981. 226
pp.

B: 010637
C: 010637
T: AGO/D-5

224 Cucturat Lanoscare BisiograrHy: REesouRcES IN THE NaTiONAL PaRK System


jude the stabilization, preservation and repluming of major
landscape (eatures moval of fe: nd plant material not considered lo be
part of the historic scene, and the reconstruction of specific features, for example,
the loggia, For the Stone Cottage, it is specifically recommended chat the gardens
be restored #0 the 1938 1939 period. The recommendations are supported by owsine
specifications and are illustrated on plans and drawings.

Fort Necessity National Battlefield (PA)

Yorres-Reyes. Ricardo. Geasmd Cover Suey. Fore Necessiry Nattonal Battlefield
Site, Washington, DC: USDI. NPS, Office of Archeology and Historic
Preservation. 1970, 40 pp.

6: 001412
Cc: OO1412
T: 3360-6
XN: 2O0506/PC ADS MEAG]

Fost Necesstty, Pennsylv

nia Way the site of the opening batile of the Freneh and
Indian ¥ 1¢ Colonial woops. led by Col. George Washington on his first milnary
venture. were Uefeated here on July 3rd. 1754. This ground cover study for the
hustori¢c site was prepared to determine, as closcly as possible, the ground icatures
of the Great Meadors at the time of the haute, Limphasis is placed on the nature of
she orginal vesetation, the proximity of the woodland. aud subsequent changes
which have altered the wilderness character of the historic scene. The study is.
based on documentary research,

An account is given of the physical environs in 1754, and the battle is described.
The battle accounts provide very obscure tetails of the landscape, Other evidence
is available Lrom a 1755 survey map which shows the forest line close ta the fort
‘on the southeast, very close to the road on the south and not too far away on the
nom; the west is open space. The forests are considered W have imcluded oak,
walnut, maple. poplar, hi camors. locust. elm. gum, and white pine.

The site was purchased by Washingtwn in 1767, and improvements to the land
were aff

quired by a family of farmers who
ditch, erected fences, and built an all weather

he position of the woulland at this lime ix
between Fort Necessity and Washington Tavera
nd ity med that way until (he 1930s, when
ryauiom Corp (CCC) began a planuag program. Today much of
ly forested.

ed. By 1S(H). the slop?
completely cleared of woods,
the Civilian C
the area is bi

iti:
in 1754 is very

united,

The appendices

Awnotateo BrsrtocrarHy



National Park Service. Cultural Landscape Report, Lincoln Boyhood Nationa)
Memorial. (Drain. Omaha: USDI, NPS. 1999. 100 pp.

York. JU] M. Historie Gronads Report, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground: An

Fapression of Seatiment and Reasan, Liacoin Boyhood National Memoriai.

Omaha; CSDL NPS, (984. TL pp. (Aemotated)
B: 012314

012314

T: 422/1D-6

Nt PB8S-220028/AS/PCAQS/MEAOL

Lincoin Home National Historic Site (iL)

Harvey, Robert R. and Mary A. Clarke. Historie Grounds Report and
Lundscape Plan, Lincola tiome National Histovie Site. Ontaha: CSDI.
NPS. 1982. 190 pp. (Annotated)

B: 10626

C: 010626

T: ag9/D.21

Ne PL83-245779/PCA LOMEAO!

LANDSCAPES and The Urbana Group. Lincold Pune National Historie Site:
Cultarat Landscape Report: Phase }, History. Existing Conditions,
Anatysis, Omaha: USDI, NPS, 1997. 312 pp. (Annotate)

B; 017642

Nicodemus National Historic Site (KS}

Bahr Vemeer Haccker and OCULUS. Cuftaral Landscape Report,
National Historic Site. (raf). Omaha: USDL NPS. 1999,

icodenius

Qzark National Scenic Riverways (MO)

Stevens. Donald L.. Jr. A Homeland and a Hinterland: The Current and Jacks
bark Riverways. Histaric Resource Study, Ozark National Scenic
Riverwavs, Ormuha; USDL NPS, Midwest Regional Office. O91. 248 pp.
tAnnotated)

B: OLS647
T: 614/D-113

Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial (OH)

Willinins, Sherda und Susan Culufute Boyle. Cultend Landscape Report for
Perry's Victory and international Peace Mesnorial, Put-in-Bi hiv.
Omaha: USDI, NPS. Midwest Regional Office. Planning and Resource
Preservation Division. 1994. 162 pp. (Ariotased?

B: 16608
T: 37/D-37

Comprevensive BIBLIOGRAPHY

23



168

George Washington Memoriai Parkway (DC, MD, VA}

EDAW, Inc. Cuftaral Lands
vols. Washington, D.
pp.

RB: 014532
: 014532
T. $50/D-93

rape Report, Mount Vernon Memorial tighway. 2
USDI, NPS, National Capital Regton, 1992. 150+

‘The Mount Vernon Memorial Highway was the first parkway constructed and
maintained by the U.S. Government and the firsi road with a commemorative
function explicit in its name and alignment. Listed on the National Register ot
Historie Places, the highway links Washington D.C. with Mount Vernon, George
Washingion’s home in Virginia. Construction of the soad began in 1928 and
commemorates the bicentennial of the binh of George Washington,

This document is Volume i of the Mount Vernon Highway Cultural Landscape
Repori and deals specificaily with the history and consaruction of the road, Volum
2 of the CLR, Post Construction Documentation and Assessment, documents
changes to the original design, both withie the parkway boundary and adjacent
lands. A mult-disciplinary team that included an archeologist, landscape archilect,
planner, and historic preservationist undertouk the research.

‘The report relates the history of the conidor of land, its commemorative associations,
and its Wansformation over time into a cultural landscape, The strategic role of the
Polomae River corridor in the nation’s history is presented as a bac!
nineteenth century movement to commenurate George Washington's home. An
account of the ¢arly proposals for building the me! ven, and the
events culminating in the opening of the Highway in 1932 are chronicled

A detailed account of the construction is described. Consultant landscape architects
from the Westchester County Park Commission (WCPC) were appointed to
collaborate with the enginecrs in the Bureau of Public Roads. From the consultants,
Jay Downer was the chicl engineer. Gilmore Clarke the landscape architect, Wilbor
Simonson was the resident landscape architect. and Henry Nyc, the plantsman,
cd in the planting design. The consultants worked closely with the Burvaa
of Public Roads and together they resolved 10 produce “the best results possible.
from the ay ‘as well as the practical standpoint.”

‘The documentation draws on archival resources and site observations, offering
information nceded to make informed decisions regarding the impact of fotwe
proposals for the highway and its adjoining lands. These proposals include extensive
rehabilitation of the roadbed.

The report concludes with an annotated bibliography, which provides ready access
to the drawings and reports of the original desiga team, many of which are located
in the National Archives.

eb Ka

CuuturaL Lanoscare BisuiocraPHy: Resources IN THE Nattonat Park Syseat



eee E

‘Aaitzevsky. Cymhia with an Afterword by Mae Griswold, Fuieed. A Cultieret
Landscape Report for Frederick Law Olmsted Nutional Hixtor i
Volume 2: Site History. Culiural landscape Publication Ne. 12. Boston:
USD], NPS, Olinsted Center for Landscupe Preservation attd the Arnold
Arboretum of Harvard University. 1997, 254 pp.

B: 017643
f ARGID- 11

This CLR, facusing an the site history of the property at 99 Warcen Street, is the
result ol rigorous research. Referencing hundreds of historic plans, pholographs
and written documents, Zaitvewsky way assisted by Peter Del Treilicd. of the Aniold
Arbaretun of Hacvad University, whose interpretation of historic photographs
enhaaced the archival research, The result is a comprehensive understanding af
jhe histary and identification of plant materiats providing a firm foundation for
Trewtnenl.

The htstoric periods defined Jor the site ure: 99 Warren Street: the Pre-Olmsied
Yeurs; the Frederick Jaw Olmsted Se. Era (1883 7903% The Olmsted Brothers
Eva. Part] (1904-1920); the Olinsted Brothers Era, Par ([920-1940): The Olmsted
Brothers Eva, Part I (1941-1963): Uae Olmsted Associates Kra (£963-1979): and
Naional Park Service Ownership (1980-1994).

Five character aus are identified and described for each of the histaric periods:
Front Rntry and Drtve. the Hoflow. Rock Garden and Somheast comer, South Lawe,
wad Rew Embankment, and Service Areas,

Within cach of the historic periods, the author has a section in which she discusses
the general plans. photographs and written documents used to assist in deftring
the landscape character of that panicular historic period. During the Qimsted
Brothers Leas, additional information about general hovticultueal practices
undertaken at that time petiod are described

The site History concludes with recommendations fur future research of specific
documents and oral histories of associated individuals.

Following the comprehensive site history, Mac Griswokd writes an Atierwurtl and
discusses interpreting the Buinsted design and plantings for the 1833-1930 pertexl,
along with offering background information or the funily, ame Offtee and the
town of Brookline, Massachusetts,

The appendices are fairly exiensive, consisting of: Chronology of Plans,
Photographs, and Other Key Documenis: Selected Piantiny Order Lists and Grounds
Expenses: Selected Historigal Documents; and List of Residents and ‘fenants of
99-10) Waeren Street. 1891-1964

The companion piece tp this CLR, Criten Landscape Report for Frederick Law
Olmsted National Historic Site, Volume 2: Existing Conditions. Avalysis and
Treatment Plan, bases it’s treatment propasals on not only its field survey uf existing
conditions. bit on the comprehensive site history outined in this document.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE,

207

REGION



Parker, Kathleen A. and Dr, Stephen R. Potter. Aur Archeological Assessmiens of
the Brawner Farot douse, Washington, D.C: USDL NPS, Rev. 989. 37
pp.

B, 450217.

Reeves, Matthew B. Management Sunmary of the Archaeologi
Investigations for Federal Highway lnprovements. Was!
USDI, NPS. 1999, 29 pp.

_ . Views af'a Changing Landscape: An Archealogical and Mistorical
investigation of Sudley Post Offive (44pw294). Washington. D.C.: USDL.
NPS. L998. [70+ pp.

Zenzen, Joan M, Bartling for Manassas: The ifr: Year Preservation Strugele
at Manassas Nasional Battlefield Park, Washington, D.C: US
1995. 363 pp.

T: 37YIVE)-27

Monocacy National Battlefield (MD)

EDAW, Inc. Menocecy National Baulefield. Culrural Landscape Eviduation
and Archeological Evaluation, Washington, D-C.: USDI, NPS, 1993, 44
pp. fAnaetated)

Ty: AS50258
‘Ts 89A/1D-14

Nationat Capital Parks-Centrat (BC}

Linhorn, Yaffee. Prescott Architecture and Esrginecring, RC. Jefferson
Memarial Specific tests and Evatuutions of Stylobate Mall, Washington
D.C. Washington. 19.0: Einhor, Yallec, Preseott, Architecture &
Engineering, B.C. 1993, 50+ pp
By 450017
T: 808/D-9

Olszewski, George J. Franklin Park, Washington, 2.C. Washington. D.C:
USDI NPS. 1970. 53 pp.
B: (00928
C2 Q0928
Ni 206650UPCAQS/MFAO]

a dE Memon Square, Sashingion, D.C. Washington, 0.0:
1970. 64 pp. fAmnotated;
B: DOUYI6
&: 000936
N: 20738WPCANS/MFADI

It, NPS.

— . Farragut Sguare, Washington, OC. Washington. B.C. USDI, NPS.
1968. 44 pp.
B: (0899

ComPREHENSIVE BipuiosRaPHy

Nationa Capit

36



Sitka National Historical Park. One of the ‘corduroy” roads leading through the forest ncar Sitka. (NPS, ¢. £880-1890)

104 Cuttural LanoscaPe BisuioGRAPHy: REsOuRcES Iv THE NationaL ParK System


National Capital Recion

40 Cutturar Lanoscape BiBLioGRaPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NaTioNAL Park SYSTEM


NortHEast REeGion

Acadia National Park (ME}

Foulds. H. ilivt, Cultural Landscupe Report for Blackwouds and Seawall
Campgronnds: Site History, Existing Conditions, Anatysis of huegrity and
Significance, and Treannent Recommendations, Acadia National Park.
Touren G. Meier, od, Culttral Landscape Publication No, #). Basten:
USDI, NPS, Gln sted Center for Landscape Preservation. 1996, 82 pp.
B: 612588

T: 1234-158,

Located on the coast of Maine, Acadia NaGoual Puck consists of the picturesque
Schoodic Peninsula on the mainland and the rugged coastal area of Mount Desert
Island. The spectacular Iste au Haut cliffs offer a clramatic backdrop tor the pack
which also featues Cadillac Mountain, one of the highest mountains on the coast,
numerous historic structures, and a bewuucituily designed road system that winds
through the entire park.

In the park, Seawil and Bluckwoods campgrounds are scheuuled for an extensive
progmim of rehubilitution asx part ola park-wide plan @ upgrade public facilides
and ublities over a four year period that begins in L997, This CLR is intended to
guide the rehabilitation of the cultural landscape of both campgrounds.

The CLR begins by intresiucing the historical events and trends which give rise to
the campgrounds and the chronological history of their development. Vollowing
tht, a summnury of ting conditions includes documentation of vegetation,
siteulation, oops and group campsites for both campgrounds. Photographs and
historic baye maps supplement the narrative tex, The analysis and statement uf
| signifieange includes a discussion af historic come xt, evatuation of National Register

cligibility, periods of significance, historic property boundaries, contributing and

uon-contributing resources, and reconunendations regarding tisting on the National

Register. The contributing resources are keyed into a site plan that delineates the
| historic boundaies of the campgraunds.

The inventory and analysis portion includes a gcouping of character-detining
features hy categories for each of the two campgrounds detined by spatial
organization. land use, circulation networks, campsite tucnishings. vegetation, and
architectural Feature:

Rehadititation is the cecommended historic preservation trestment for both
campgrounds, The rehabilitation guidelines provided within the CLR are loasely
organized by the above feacure categories with specilic issies presented and
recommendations provided. Photographs proviue examples relating to the specific
areas discussed,

The CLR concludes by providing recommendations for subsequent work including:
svordination with the Staw Historic Preservation Office, cepair/rehabilitation of
plant material, cllnographic assessment, schematic design process. and National
Register listing. Currently, neither Scawall campground nor the historic portions
of Blackwoods cumpground are listed on the National Register of Ilistorie Place
The CLE recommends that oomination to the National Register should be a priority’
Sar subsequent work and is supported by the park's Genend Management Plan,

ANNOTATED BiatiosRapuy 191



Park, Fspada is the most intact, best preserved and most representative of the mission,
establishment of four individual, but interrelated landscape components. The
acequia system, Jubores, ranch, and mission compvound are still largely intact and
working. The statement of significance follows National Register Documentation
and the site is significant under Criterion A, C, and D. The integrity of the site is
also discussed under the seven headings of locadon, design, setting, material.
workmanship, feeling, and association.

Based on the preliminary Jandscape analysis and evaluation ignificant historie
Jandscape features and components identified in this repart, recommendations tor
Mission Fspuda are made. Intended co provide an appropriate framework and
Progrannatic basis tor the preservation, tnaintenance and interpretation of the
historic site, Ihe secormmendations une grouped into four main areas: management
and maintenance, buildings, sceuctures and archaeological sites: circulation und
access: site details and materials. One of the cecommendatio! that a complete
Cultural Landscape Repart be prepured for the site.

The study is amply illustrated throughout, with drawings.
Photographs.

sketches, maps and

sek

Gilbert, Cathy A., Carey Feierahend, Juke Ivey, Art Gomer, and Hank Florence.
Culnal Landscape Recommendations: Mission Convepcion, San Aatonio
Missions Nalional Historical Park, Sata Fe: USDL, NPS, Southwest
System Support Office. 1989. 49 pp.

B: OSI)
T: a72/D-16

i ion Concepcién fonns a unit of Ure San Antonie Missions National Histarical
Park, located approximately half a mile east of the cuntlugnce of the San Autonio
River and San Pedro Creek. in Texas. The site was selected in 1731 as the
headquarters mission of the Querterans, part of the Spanish Franciscan Missionary
movement,

The historic vernacular landscape of the lranciscan Mission comprised five
elements: the church, converse, the Indian community (pueblo), tarcalands.
surrounding the mission, and the ranchluads at some distance trum the mission
complex. This report deals only with the first four elements. Most af the lund of
the Mission Concepeién is owned by the Catholic Archdiacese of San Antonio and
is mitoaged by the Park through coaperafive agreements.

This document provides a preliminary analysis and evaluation of the historic
landscape. It contains a database of informativn and sets the historic context for
tue stle, and makes recommendations aid guidelines for the preservation and
enhancement of the landscape integrity. The research was carcied oul by a mulei-
disviplinary team that invJuded a landscape arelritect. historical architects, a historian,
and historicad archaeologist. ‘The intention is for this preliminary report to be
followed by a imore in-depth CLR.

‘The repon begins with an identification of the site und detines contextual boundaries
(physiographic, cultural and political} and site boundaries (vegetation. tepographi
circulation and structures).

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTERMOUNT:

125



constructed ala scale which docs not overpower she natural cloments of the scene.
Specitic recommendations are made regarding the individwal site details and arc
Wlustraied in sketches. Gatdeline on on grading and revegetation and
vegetation management along the highway, Since most visitors experience Sequota
Kings Canyon from their veh Cas suggested that every effon should be mude
to provide scenic vistas by cl cof views during road constrichon pi
plan should be established to identify how vistas are to he maintained in the future.
The study also recommends that park managers consider actively interpreting the
Geuerals Highway itself.

Whitman Mission National Historic Site (WA)

GWbert, Cat A. Landscape Study and Management Alternatives for
Seattle: USIDL, NPS.

Revegetation, Whitman Mession National Historie Site
1934. 62 pp.

B. 103003

1: 371-D-10

The Whitman Mission National Historic Site memorializes the work of Dr. Marci
Whitman and Narcissa Prentis Whitman berween 1836 and 1847 when they
established an Indiaa Mission along the Walla Walla Raver in the Oregon tereitory.
The site is comprised of 98.15 acres and contains the grounds of the Mission
buitdings, milfpond, the oxbow, pasturcland, Shaft Hil and the Great Grave (1897).
Pioneer and Indian cemeteries, and an admunisizative core wilh a maintenance
building, residence, visto center sind other service facilities.

existed in
id cultivation, for example, buve greatly

‘The tandscape of the Mission is very different today compared to what
the nineteenth cenuuy. Imensive grazing
altered the natural vegetation cover,

This fandscape study is compiled by 4 cultural lundscape architcet. Its purpose
do determine the natare of the historic vernacular landscape and previous land uses
atthe site, and document the changes that have occurred since the Whitmiun era
Present day vegetation patierns and the remaining natural plant communities at
je are identified to provide a base for developing sound managemest options
ng or enhancing the cultural landscape. while ma

for panagi
vwtegrity,

The report describes the methous of reser
specialists. The study identifted six land oni the site. each with
character and management uceds. They mclude wo pasture/grassiand are in
administrative area. and (wo areas of primary historic siguificance. The sixth area
S OUlside the current park boundaries, and provides the landscape context for
the Mission sie, The six land units are individually described and the landscape
changes and concerns within cach ave identified. For cach unit, apprnpriate.
Management options and alternatives are proposed. Photos are included to Mastrate
the distinctive character of the lind wuts,

'y team of
is OW unique:

Tt is concluded that the site is a conglomerate of different [and uses and functions
thai, together, comprise a single park system. Selection of any management
alternative for an individual land arca should occur only with a clear understanding
of the implications of that choice in yelition to other areas, The faetors which

Annotateo BisuiocrarHy

299



__ . Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C, Washington, D.C. USDL NPS.
1967, 73 pp. fAuneraied)

B; OOU$9S

O00RO8

N; 20581 G/PC A AIMEAQL

Prothero, Sully M. and Audrey Tepper. Themes Jefferson Memorial Landscape
Overview, Denver: USL NPS. Denver Service Center, 1996. [48 pp.
fAuunreated)

GB: OFS
% aO8/D-13

Robinson & Assaciates. East and West Potomac Parks Historie District Revised
National Register Nomiierion. Washington, 0.C..USDL NPS, 1999. 134+
PP.

Schultz, Scott. the Development af te Himeric Landscape of due Washingeon
Momument Grounds and West Potomac Park, Washington, D.C. USBI,

. 1995, 332 pp.

Shon, John Randall, Characterization and Classification of Highly Man-
jafluenced Soils of the Mall in Washington. D.C, Washington, D.C: USDL.
NPS. 1983. 126 pp.

R: 451465

Skidmore, Owings und Merrill, Tre Washityton Mull Cireutation Sesters
Washington, 3.0.2 USDL NPS. 1973. 52 pp.
B: 450561

Wheelock, Perry Carpemer. Maureen DeLay Joseph, chal. Cultured Landscape
Report. West Potomac Park. Lincols Memorial Groeneds, National Capital
Parks Central. Washingion, D.C.; USBI NPS. 1999. 224 pp. (Aunetated}

National Capital Parks-East {DC}

Hall, Jenness. Vegetation Monagemest Plan for Vista Restoration.
Maryland. Washingaon, D.C: USDE, NPS. National Capital Regi
Office. 1986, 21+ pp.

B: 450391

Visitor Use Panterns, a Projcut Use Sunty in
Murketing Forethonght, Inc. 1981, 65 pp.

Parks, Marilyn and Davie Steven
Lincoln Park, College Park:
B: 450889

R. Christopher Guadwin & Associmes, bic, Histarical Resonrce Study: Oxeu
Cove Park, Oxon Hill, Maryland. Washington, 1.C.; CSD, NPS, t993.
109 pp.

President's Park (DC)

EDAW, Inc., Land al Community Associates, Cynthia Znitzcvsley a
Assoviates tind John Milner Assoc: President's Park Cultural
Landscape Report: Site History, Existing Conditions, Analysis, and

36 CULTURAL LANoscAPE BiBLiograeHy: Resources IN THE National Park System



Yorktown are described including the parapels. ditches, trenches. banquette, berm,
embrasure, glacis, palisades, anillery platforms. and powder magazine. Information
on slope angles for the earthworks was based on archeological evidence and
ryevonunendations in eighteenth cemtary » rl manuals.

By 1974, sufficient archeological data and primary and sceondary historical
infonnation had been colJceted for the development of preliminary plans,
recommendations and specifications for the restoration and recqustruction of the
fortifications, which are presented in this report. A precise replication of the
historical fortifications is considered impractical: the raw earth and wood structure
would huve been prohibitively expensive, lime consuming to construct and
impossible to maintain, It is, therefore, agreed that reducing slope grades to produce
parapet slopes that are scll-sustaining when covered by vegetation is in acecptable
modification of the hiswrical profile. The construction techniques and materials.
employed are documented in detail.

The final chapter of the report deals with maintenance and sets out a series of
guxielines for vegetation management and visitor use. Tuffeote Bermuda grass
was considered to be the most suitable for stabiliziag the steep parapet slopes,
Information is provided on maintenance regimes such as mowing, Jertilizing,

rAicring. scarification. and repair. Recommendations for visitor use include the
establishment of a system of paths and a number of clevaied positions from which
the fortifigalions can be viewed without causing excessive trampling aod erosion
of the earthworks.

Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (NJ, PA)

Burns. Steve R., and Berle A. Clemensen, Cutnerad Landscape Report Volume I:
Puhaguarry Copper Mine, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Arca,
PA. Denver: USDI, NPS, Denver Service Center. 1995. 373 pp.
B: O17607
T: 620/1- 178,

Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area preserves relatively unspoiled land
on both the New Jersey and Pennsylvania sides of the Middie Deluware River, The
river segment flows through the famous gap in the Appalachian Mounta

The Paltiquarry Copper Mine Site study concentrates on a 2() acre act of land
that was a previous copper mine and most recently a Bay Scout cantp. This report
provides a complete history of the site, an evaluation for National Register
significance and integrity, and provides a basis for facility development as identified
in the General Managemem Plan. The CLR provides treatmem alternatives for
site preservation and facility development, serves as both a planning and design
document and 4 Development Concept Plan and schematic design. The periods of
significance defined for the study melude: 1750s Mining Period, 1847-1862 Mining
Period and 1901-1912 Mining Period.

This report is organized ima five parts: Management Summary, [istorical
Documentation, Documentation of Existing Conditions. Analysis and Integrity of
Mining Period and Treatment and Development Aliematives.

202 Cutturat LanoscaPe BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park System


Paci

West REGION

288

187 saw the establishinent of the Agency, and the following three decades were
characterized by stability und sustained growth of the physical infrastructure; the
Spalding State Memoriui Park Fra, in 1936 when the site underwent major change
with many structures relocated and extensive landscaping and planting undertaken
to create Une park; and finally the NPS Era, Irom 1965-990. For each historical
period the development of the landscape is documented in the text and 4 historical
base map produced.

The results of the historical research allowed the cultural landscape to be analyzed
and evaluated. The development of six landscape conipunents (land use, circulation,
aed
through cach historic period. National Register Criteria are used io evaluate these
resources and provide a basis for the development of management zones. The
three designated zones reflect different levels of landscape significance and integrity,
For each zone, management objectives and appropriate uses are identified. Based
on the zoning, design guidelines ate developed for the site, they aim to integrate
both contemporary park needs and the preservation o! ‘anc cultural resources.
Tris intended that the guidelines will serve as a basis tor tuture design development.
‘The guidelines are organized into five program areas: buildings and structures,
access and circulation, plant nvaterials, special feawnes. site details, and maintenance
und managemicnt concepts.

Olympic National Park (WA)

Florence, Hank and Gale. » Evans, Histert
Lodge. Otyrapic National Park. Seattle:
B: 012907
(: 012997
T: 149/D-37
Ni PB85-230506/AS/PC A08/MFAG!

Structures Report: Lake Crescent
USDI. NPS, 1984. 175 pp.

Olympic National Park is a large wildemess area featwing nigged glacier-capped
mountiins, deep valleys, lush meadows, sparkling lakes, giant wees. miles of
unspviled beaches, @ temperate raintorest, and several historie resort areas, Luke
Crescent Lodge is situated on Barnes Poim on the south shore of Take Crescent in
Olympic National Park, Mr. and Mrs, Singer. who owned the site [rom $914 to the
late 1920s, developed the lodge and grounds as a tourist resort. The site was
originally just a clearing in the forest. however, over time the vernacular kandscape
developed to include Singers tavern, (wenty collages, designed gardens and various
resort amenities, Although the grounds have subsequently undergone considerable
change, the site ts considered ta be basically intact with few deletions and iotusions
to the historic landscape.

Development und expansion of the site is propased to meet currem and future
needs of the park. ‘The [976 Development Concept Plan and Faviconmental
Assessment called for expanded visitor fautlities at the site. The standards and
design wuidelines presented in this report are produced to guide Cutuse development
and ensure preservation of those qu: ‘al components. which comprise
the site's imegrity. The report team consisted of an architectural designer. landscape
urchitect and histovian. The information contained in this docurnent és intended
become part of the Ilisteric Structure Report for the site.

Gutturat Lanoscape BiaviograPhy: Resources IN THE Nationa Park SysTets


RIHEAST REGION

Tacy, Katharine. Cuteuraf Landscape Report: Adams National Historic
Hlustrated Site Chranolegy, Cultural Landscape Publication No. 13. Boston:
USDI, NPS, Olinsted Center for Landscape Preservation, 1997. 76 pp.

1: O17614
T: 386/D-25

The Adams Natioual Historical Park in Quincy, Massachusetts covers 9,82 acres
and contains the home of Presidents John Adams and John Quincey Adams. as well
ax other notable political and literary members of the Adams Sanuly,

The Adamses recognized the opportunity presented by the property te teach the
public about the everyday fife of un Acierican family over a period of nearly a
century and a half. Because the same family occupied the site for so long. it reflects
an accumulation of changing attitudes towards a home and its prounds.

While some generations had a greater impact itn others, sigmificunt landscape
teatures. such as walls, an orchard, ees, a pond or a single rose. semain from each.
period in the site's history. Over time, efforts to categorize the landscape at the Old.

Hans AIowE Opes

(ye ranes Cova

Boe teens BRE: Sra ane

Decenpae tgye Tene
wavucuRY ADRES 2
TAUDARLE Snare fetch

R ktrtea Mavace, 34

Admins National Hi
49363

lorical Park. Iliswric American Buildings Survey dacumentation of rhe Adams garden. (NPS.

196 Cutturat LanoscaPe BisuioGkaPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National PARK SYSTEM


322 Cuuturat Lanoscare BipLiograpHy: Resources wy THE National Park SYSTEM


The Management Summary outlines the study and nature of the resource.
Methodology for the report includes fickd investigations and documentation, study
of current topographic maps, photographs and serial photographs ol the site.

) Documentation and Significance Evaluation provides the historic context
sociations with the British Colonial Era through the 20th Ceatury
ar¢ still evidentin the physical history al the property which establishes ihe evolution
of the site, The presence ‘ot archeological remains makes the site significant under
National Re; Triterion D. The fanase upe patterns and feature ciated with,
each period af development document the clistinet human J oecupancy’
ted with tbe stu eriol making the site significant under Criterion C oF
the National Register.

Om

The Existing Conditions section documents the euhural patterns and features of
the landscape anit identifies the petrol they Are aysociated wi wh and their current
condition, With most of site feature
from the British Colonial era through the 20h century mi
structures used by the Boy Scouts remain on the site,

‘The Analy is and Integrity of Mining Pertods ts based on the history of the site. the
existing conditions and the National | Register criteria, Based on the seven qualities
of integrity identified by the National Register, the Pabaquarry site is determined
lo retain integ ining sie, Character defining features are discussed for
each of the perio mficance and include: Patterns of Spatial Org:
and Land Use. Response t Nutacal Features, Cultural Traditions. Ci
Networks and Buildings and Structures,

Treatment Alternatives are developed from the synthesis of the histor
documentation and field investigations, and arc based on the four types of heatment
identified by ihe > Protection and Stabilization. Preservation, Rehabitiuation,
Restosation and Reconswuction. The th
for the Pahaquarry sile as it is considered primarily a trail head site for the
Appalachian Trail, Treaunent wliernatives are accompanied by plan drawings.

This report is well documented wiih photographs. topographical maps aad plans
of the historic and contemporary site.

sana

Burns, Steve R,. Berle A. Clemensen. Cufueal Landscupe Report Volume 2:
Puhaquarry Copper Mine Detaware Water Gap National Recreion Area,
Peunsvivania, Denver, USD, NPS, Denver Service Contes, 1995. 308 pp.
B: 0H 7608.

T: 62WD-178

This document, Volume 2. is a companion piece to the CLR for the Pahaquarry
Copper Mine in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Arca, This report
comains Appendices related  geolagical surveys. methods of copper ore treatnient,
archeological investigations. vegetation mapping, fauna/habitat survey, and
additional histutic photographs.

Annoraten BrsuocrarHy

NortHeast Recion

203


Shenandoah National Park (VA}

Graham, Wellism A. and Shaun Eyring. Judd Gardens firstore: Vegetation
Inventory and Management Plan, Philadelphia; USDL NPS, Philadelphia
Support Office, 1996. 11M) pp.

Land and Conmmiunity Assoviates, Judd Gardens Cultural Landscape Report,
Philadelphia: USIR. NPS, Mid-Atlantic Regional Office, 1993. Sf pp.
(Anartatedi
B: OL7660

Springfield Armory Nationa! Historic Site (MA)

Albright, Joha. Historic Stenenies Report: Historical Dota anc Historical
Base Map. Springfield Armory Natianal Historie Site. Denver: USD.
NPS. 1978. 150 pp. ¢Annatated;

B: OOS 12
T: AS8/D- 1304

Colfin, Margaret. and Charles Pepper, Landscape Preservenion Maintenance
Program, Springfield Armory National Historic Site. Boston: SDI, NPS,
Obnsted Center for Landscape Preservation, $992. 75 pp.

Statue of Liberty National Monument {NJ, NY)

Berg, 8 Page, Cadneread Landscape Report for Liberty fstund, Stuttue of
Liberty National Monwnent. (Drafts, Boston, USDL, NPS, Olmsted
Center tor Landycape Preservation. 1499. 75 pp,

Coffin, Margaret, and Charles Pepper. Landsvape Preservation Marmienance
Plan, Statue of Liberty National Monimeat, Boston: USDI, NPS, Oimsted
Center for Landscape Preservation. 1992. 100 pp.

Thomas Stone Nationa! Historic Site (MD)

Jolin Milner Architvets, J. A. Richard Rivoire and Land Lthies. Cutneral
Landscape Report for the National Park Service, Thomas Stune Natienat
Historic Site, Phiadelpma: USD, NPS. 1996. WOS+ pp. (Avinorated?
B: O17658

Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River (NY, PA)

O'Dounell. Patricia and Charles A, Bimbaum. Zane Grey Property.
Eackawace, PA, Preliminary Culturad Landscape Assessment,
Philadelphia: USDL NPS i-Adluntic Regional Office. 490. 37 pp.
(Annotated)

B: 015582

LANDSCA. Culterad Landscape Tieaunent Plan for the Zane Grey
Property. Philadelphia: USDE, NPS, Phifacelphia Support Office. 2000.
SOr pp.

Conprevensive BiBuiocrarny 65



XJQN] YOHLAY



ler criteria, For cach site a of design guidelines and recommendations
are produced, which articwate methods for safeguarding landscape remnants or
historic patterns, A statement of intent expresses the yveral) design intent und
spee' jumce in given regarding structures. circulation (autamobile &
pedestrian), plant material and Plaat 27 nce, Site ConteNt, and site details:
Plans and drawings ilhustrate ling conditions, historic conditions and proposed
site design.

cg

Contemporary and historical photographs and graphics are used 19 illustrate the
distinct landscape characteristics of Ihe sites, Complete anc accurate site maps for
cach landscape are produced as part of the fieldwork. Historic plans. showing
the grounds and structures from each significant era in the evolution of the site, are
also developed, By overlaying the map of existing site conditions and historic base
map, and considering fidure nevus, a site design for recltimung significant elements
and preserving the historic integrity of the landscape is developed.

Rees

Meinick. Robert 7... el. Roose's Pe uitie Homestead and Kestner-fligtey
Homestead. tugenc: y of Oregon, Department of Lands
Architecture, 1989, 95 pp.
B: O1SS86

The Roose’s Prairie Momestead and Kestner-Higkey Homestead are important
cultural resources within Olympic National Park. The homesteads were carved out
of the dense mid-latitude r ston the westerg peninsuls. in the Jate ninewenth
and carly twentieth century, This report prepared by the Landscape Architecture
Studio of the University of Oregon develops management and design guidelines
for the siles,

interviews,

The history of each site is described based on unpublished memo

; terial and other site histories.
Roose’s Prairie Homestead. in the Ozette area was established around 190%. by
Roose. a Swedish settler. The Kestner- ghey Homes wad. whe oldest sur
sculer-built homestead alley, was ©:
Austian immigrants who came 16 the valley in the 1890s, “A short descripuon of
each of the (v0 homesteads and existing site conditions ‘or the Kesuner-
Higley bomestes 8
also provided on visitor access and facili ‘olved field »
while changes in the kuadscupe are interpretet! from historical photographs and air
photos. Maps wwe mecluded 1 iMustrate the existing Ja pe and all built
compoieats.

cy

Design guidelines are developed for each of the sites, Roose’s Prairie has been
sted On the National Register of Historic Places, and the Park docs not intend 1
Oped utp ihe site for public use apart froin incidental visitors. The guidetines for
ie are limited () general management recommendations, which include the
sof vegetation, clear

a “state of transition, and retain the prar
auenal Park.

Annotareo BisitocrarHy

Paciric West REGIon

291


West REGION

Genera Matagement Pian Amenditent. Presefia of San Freatcisee,
Denver: USD NPS. Denver Service Center, 1994. 150 pp.

B: O1OR40

Tr: 6419-143

— — — Presttio of San Francisce—Cultural Landscape Analysis. Seattle:
USDI, NPS. 1992. 361 pp. fAnnutatedy
Ty; GL 7604
Te GAD

Land and Community Associates and UDAW, Ine.
Cutniral Landscape Repart, Vohune 2. Seale:
Pp. (Annotated)
T: 017603
“V. GAUD-205

etre Histarce PNstrivt
JSDI, NPS. 1993, (104

Livingston, DS, (Dewey), Hamler: 1844-1988; A Mistery af “Jensen's Ovster
Beds.” Gutden Gere National Recredtion Area, Seattle, USDE, NPS. 1989,
120 pp.

B: 014751
1: GV D-77

National Park Service, Landscupe Stabilization ant Muimenance Guidelines
fer Alcatraz Istane. Boston: USBI NPS, Oimsted Center for Landscape
Preservation, $998. 119 pp.

Comprenensive BistiocRaPHy 75


TIONAL CAP

Oehrlein and Associates Architects. Historie Strucaires Report: Miller
Farmstead, Physical History and Condition Assessment. Antietam ?
Battletield Park, Sharpsburg. Maryland, Washington, 0.C.: Oehricin &
Associates, Architects. Rev, 1995. 63+ pp.

B: 430070
T: 302/D-59

Stach, Glenn Thomas. Historic Woodlot Restoration & Cultural Landscape
Repart. Norttr Woeds. Washington, D.C; USD. NPS. 1996, 39 pp.
Catoctin Mountain Park {MD}

Werhle, Ed. Historical Resource Suidy, Catoctin Mountain Park, (Dial).
Washington. D.C.; USDL NPS. 1999. 200+ pp.

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (DC, MD, WY)

Land & Community Associates, Cuftural Landscape Repart, Chesapeake und
Ohiv Canal National Historical Park, Willianisport, Maryland.
Washington, D.C.: CSDI, NPS. 1994. 182 pp.

T: 412/D-95

Pousson, John F. Archeological Excavations ar the Moore Billuge Site,
Chesapeake and Ohio National (Historical Park. Allegheny County.
Maryland. Washington, D.C: USBI, NPS. 1983. 181 pp.

B: GhIG4g
T: 412/1-2137

Wheelock, Pemy Carpenter. Farming Along the Chesapeake ait Ohio Cunal,
I828-1974: A Study of Agricutmral Sites in the C&O Canal National
Histortcal Park. (Draft), Washington, D.C; USDI. NPS. 1995. 130 pp.

Frederick Dougiass National Historic Site (DC}

Reeves, Craven, Landscape Restoration Frederick Douglass Home, 4th and
W Streets, SE, Washington. D.C. Washington, D.C.: USDI, NPS. 1967,
9+ pp.

B: 450066

Toogond, Anna Coxe. Historic Grounds Report, Historwal Dara Section,
Frederick Douglass Home, Cedar Hit, Wasbingion, D.C.; USDI. NPS.
1968. 53+ pp.

B: O15
c: 001125
T: 833/D-6

George Washington Memorial Parkway {DC, MD, VA)

Davis, Timothy, “Mount Vernon Memorial Highway; Changing Conceptions of
An American Commemorative Landscupe," in Places of Commemoration,
Search for identity and Landscape Design. ed. Joachim Wolschke-
Bulmahn. Washington, 1.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 2000. 54 pp.

30 CutturaL Lanpscare BiBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PARK SysTEM


RMOUNTAIN Ri

116

Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site (MT)

4, Great-Kolrs Ranch
1987, 30 pp.

National Park Servies, Cultura! Landscape Anaty:
National Historic Site. Santa Fe: USDT, NP!
B: Of5121
T: 4510-24.

Located in western Montana, the Grant-Kohes Ranch is the headquarters at a once
wide-ranging 19” century cattle empire. The ntnch flourished during the Luce 1800s
and carly 1900s, with holdings af over 30,000 acres in Deer Jadge Valley and
hertts of cautle grazing up to (ive million acres of land in Montana. [daho, Wyoming,
Colorade aud southern Canada. The home canch complex includes the homestead,
citbins, icehouse, barns and buakhouses. The National Historic Site (NHS) wis
established in 1972 io preserve tite runch und vernacular landscape.

This Cuttural Landscape Analysis study area incorporates the various Jands and
vegetation types relaicd to the operations of the rtneh, It cavers an area of 2.628
acres. including the 1,498 acres in (he NHS us well as adjavent lands. ‘the larger
study area provides the setting necessary co maintain the historic integrity of the
ranch and the resource base required for interpretation of the western cattle frontier.
‘The key sections of the report include:

Cultural Landscape Descriptions. The physiographic. ecological and historic
conte xt of the landscape is described. Information non the spacial organization
of the ranch complex, circulation networks, vegetation related to land uses and
uctivilies, historic structures and arrungements, and simalf-seale elements in the
fandscupe. Identified patterns ane i/lustrated.

Existing Landscape Descriptions. Contemporary photographs are used to illustrate
the views and perceptual quatities of the existing landscape. [nventories are provielod
of curtent fanc ownership. land uses and activities, The present-day cirewation
and wansportation networks, vegetation patterns and poicotinl land uses are
described, The themes identified are iMustraced.

Significance. The Jandscape is considered to he locally and regionally significant
wider National Register criterin A, Band C,

dutegrity. The seven categories of integrity are discussed in relation ta the site.

Recommendations. Recommendations are made for both the fand within the
authorized boundary of the NHS and the land oot in federal holding. For the land
within the NHS, it is suggested that the recommendations in the Land Protection
Plan, which was produced in 1985, be implemented, ‘These include the acquisition,
leasing and maintenance of defined wacts of land.

Castle Mountais Ranch Inc. (Rock Creek Cattle Company) currently owns
approximately $14} acres of and within the study area, outside the NETS boundary.
Because of the single ownership, opportumities exist to work with the landowner to
inuintain the exisling oper range character of the landscape. A cooperative
relationship should be pursued, with the park considering possible donations of
lands or scenic casements by the landowner. ‘The entire 2,628 acres in the study
area are considered significam and it is recommended that the park pursue their
nomination to the National Register of Historic Places

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTiONAL PARK SYSTEM


100

. National Repiswer Bulletin (6A: How to Complete the National
Register Registration Furm. Washington, O.C.; USDI, NPS, Cultural
Resources. Interagency Resources Division. (90). 82+ pp.

T: QO/B-1289

_ — _ Natural Resources Management Gnideline. NPS-77, no. |.
Washington, D.C: USDI, NPS, 1991. 6LS+ pp.

— — _- Preparation of Design and Construction Drawings. NPS-10. uo. 3.
Washington, I.C.: USDI, NPS. Denver Service Center. (995, 25+ pp.

Noble. Oruce J. Jr. and Robert Spude. National Register Bulletin 42:
Guidetines for Idensilying, Evaluating, and Registering Historic Mining
Properties. Washington, D.C: USDL NPS, Cultural Resources Division.
Interagency Resources Division. 1992. 30 pp.

1: 999/D- (289

(Y Donnell, Fleanor. National Register Bulletin 39: Researching a Histari
Property. Washington, D.C. USDL, NPS, Cultural Resource Stewardship
and Partnerships. National Register, Eistory and Fducation Program.
1991, 47 pp.

Fr SUO/D-1289

Page. Robert R., Caihy Gilbert, and Susan Dolan. A Guide to Crdtural
Landscape Reports: Contents, Process, and Techniques. Washington,
B.C.; USDL NPS, Park Historic Structores and Cultural Landscapes
Program. 1998, 168 pp. sAnaorated)

Pasker, Patricia L. and Thomas F. King. National Xegister Bulletin 38:
Guidelines for Evatnating and Documenting Traditional Cultural
Properties. Washington, DC.: UST, NPS, Cultural Resources,
Iiteragency Resources Division, 1990, 28 pp.

Poner, Eigabeth Walton and Beth M. Boland.
Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places.
Washington, D.C: USD, NPS, Cultural Resources, Interagency Resources
Division, 1992, 33 pp.

f 999/1)-1289

wional Register Bulletin $1:

Cutrurat Lannscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEM


‘aciric West Recton

258

The visitor experience at Crater Lake and Munson Valley needs (o be enhanced.
broadened, wad recefined.

The potential of Maison Valley as a winter receeation and interpretation center
for the park should be developed,

- Steps should be wken w provice a pedestrian orientated experience.
Alternative modes of wansport should be explored and provided to reduce
automobile congestion.

‘The concessiOnaire’s role in the park should be redefined
The issues of employee welfare and sense of community are critica! in
maintaining effective park management

- The Rustic architecture of Munson Valley should be recogni
significant,

‘ed as historical

gene

Mans. John, Kathryn Winthrop, and Robert Winthrop. Archeological and
duntological Studies of Souttowest Oregon and Crater tatke National Park.
Seaute: USDI, NPS. ific Northwest Region, Cultural Resources:
Division. 1994. 211 pp.

T: LO1D-247

Crater Lake. formed by a volcanic caldera six miles in diameter, is one of the most
specticular natural features of the Oregon High Cascades and the entire Pacific
Northwest. in 1902, President Theadore Roosevelt signed into law an act creating
Crater Lake National Park as a public park or pleasure ground for the people of the
United States. after a series of additions, the Park today encompasses 182,700
UCres.

This study summarizes scientific kaowledge of the American indian experience in
the Crater Luke region, consictered from prehistoric times through the present day.
Its principal ain) is 10 present baseline culluval dala to guide further archacological
and ethnographic research within the boundaries of Crater Lake National Park,
and present a synthesis of relevant archaeological and ethnographic information
to enhance the Park's interpretive programs.

Chapter { summanzes environmental conditions which bave shaped the buman
use of the Crater Lake areu, including its geological history and its contemporary
geomorphology and verckiton,

Chapter 2 reviews the history of ethaograpbic research on the four Wibes bordering
the Crater Luke area: the Klamath, Vakelma, Upper Umpqua, and Molata, and
discusses the changing theoretical perspectives underlying these studies.

Chapiery 3 and J describe major etements of the pre-contaet cultures of the four
bribes, the contemporary status of these groups. and indian use of the Crater Lake
area,

Chapter 5 provides a review of regional archacol search, analyzed in teems
of the Klamath, Rogue. and Umpqua Basins, atl describes the theoretical issues
that have guided that research.

Curtura Lanoscare BisuioGrarHy: RESOURCES IN THE Nationa: Park System



Capitol Reef National Park (UT}

Gilbon, Cathy A., wid Kathleen L. McKoy. Caltarul Landscape Repart: braite
Rurat Histaric District, Capitol Reef Nationa’ Park, Cultural Resource
Selections, No. $. Denver: USDI, NPS, Intermountain Regional Cilice.
1997. 130+ pp.

B; 017619
T: (58/D-63

Capitol Reef National Park, located in south central Ih, preserves the CO0-mile
Jong Waterpocket Fold, an uplift of sandstone cliffs with highly colores! sedimentary
layers, Aside from geologic features. the purk also contains covk an from the
Fremont Culnire, as wel] as a historic Mormon settlement along civer bottomlaneds,
now designated as the 200 acre Fruita Ruwat Historic District,

‘The Fruita Ruri Historic District represents art tmportant pact of Wesiern Aunencan
agriculture with the successful seting and cultivation of the arid and inhospitable
Great Basin environroen in the mid-nineteenth centry, The four original homestcad
claims of Nefs Johnson, feo R. Holt, Elijah Behunio and bis son Hyrunt Behunin,
encompuss ail of the historic [ruta valley settlement. Relative stability characterized
land ownership patterns in the valley, with farms freyuently given or sole to family
members throughout the first hiulf of the iwendieth century, World War f coincided
swith a period of orchard expansion in Fruita, with additional cultivated acreage
being devoted to the planting of orchards. Residents continued to farm white taking
advantage of opportunities from increasing tourism and araniwun coining activity,
Both created a demand for meals, lodging. and automotive services, to which locals
responded by renting out cabins, erecting mote]s. wis stations, and cales.

With the National Park Service's initiation of Mission 66 developments in the
early 3960s, most private lands in Frota were acquired by NPS. Park facilities,
were sited and consimacted throughout the valley, including campgrounds and new
residences for park staff,

Upon completion of the Detecmination of Eligibility (DOU) for the Fruita Rural
Historic Diswiet in 1992, 1 became evident chat additional guidimee, with regacd
(o significant landseape resources, would be required peiar to the develupment of
hew management ullemutives far the site. The purpose of this CLR, therefore, is uy
expand the documentation comained in the DOE and develop recommendations
for the treatment of Fruita’s cultural landscape resources. This report will provide.
additional baseline Uata for the General Munagemeut Plan and general planniag
process from which management alternatives and design concepts can he develoy

The CLR is divided into four primary sections: Existing Conditions, Site History.
Analysis and Evaluation, and Recommendations, Ali references are contained in

the endnotes and bibliography, with additional source materials in an appendix. A
large portion of the material Jor this report was drawn Srom the DOL for the Pruita

Rural Llistoric District, Basic data in the DOE was supplemented with additional
rescarch and analysis, allowing for the development of recommendations for
beatment,

ANNOTATED BieliogRrarHy

109



opportun
landscape.

Si “s establishment, efforts have been made to document the Otd House,
its major outbuildings and wemendous museum collection, [loweves, there was no
single documem that compreber Ty addressed the evohition of the landscape as
a whole. This Cultural Landscape Report was intended to address that aced by
acing the evolution of the Jandscupe at the Old House from its development as
farmland in the 17* century, through its ownership by four gencratuons of the Adams
family, to Rs establishment as a National Historic Site, Farther. i is inteided urat
this document will serve as the basis for a Cultural Landscape Treatment Plan, and
for developing a strategy for the on-going maintenance of this iMpertaal cesource

The CLR. in the form of a unigue site chronology, is supported with graphs
plans. illustrations. photographs and a bibliography.

maps.

Boston National Historical Park (MA}

Brovkway, Lucinda A. and Patrice A. Todisco, Chartestowa Navy Yard: Historic
Grounds Managenient Plan, Boston: LSDL NPS, 1985, 166 pp.
B: aka
T: 457/D-G157

Boston Nauvna! Historical Park commemorates the events and ideas associated
with the American Revolution by linking mmportant Boston sites, such as Bunker
Lill, Ole North Charch, Paul Revere House. Fanucil Hall, Old Siate House aud a
portion of the Charlestown Navy Yard, mehuding the USS Constitution.

Charlestown Navy Yard is currenuy imerpreted to the 1970-1976 perioel. The
Purpose of this Historic Grounds Management Report is to document the changes
that occurred in the Navy Yatd between 1970 and 1976, Documentation on the
early devetopment of the Navy Yard is also included as background material.

The first section of the report describes the development of the histone site since
the early nineteenth century. The yard is divided into three areas: the Conmandant’s
the Marme Barracks, and Other Areas. The second section of the report
cs wy analysis of changes to the landscape between 1970 and 1976, Le is
based on information from National Park Service records, historical photographs,
slide collections, written accounts, and oral interviews,

‘y Yarel is divided into six separate areas basedl on historical treatments, For
each avea. changes are noted where differences occur between 1975 and 1978, und
between 1978 and J985. Although the results of the analysis ace limited. specific
information on the Jandscape appearance beuveen 1970 and 1976 is noted where
iwailable. For each area. a Jist of current plant materials ix given with ootation of
condition. Plans are produced based on an inventory of existing plant ovweria
Each plant is identilied, recorded on the plan. and! compared with site conditions in
1978 and carlicr, Photographs taken in 1985 are incluwled to document the present
site appearance and illustrate cach of the areas shown in the plans, Listorical
photographs also are inchided, Overall, to main factors have played a key role in

AnnorTateo BiaiiocrarHy

JORTHEAST REGION

197


NTAIN, RE

ion revealed the existence of seven possible historical contexts at
Phantom Ranch: Prehistoric: The site contains the remains of cleventh century
Adasivi ruins; Exploration of the West Coast: Major Jobn Westey Powell was the
first while man io explore this portion of the Cotorade River by a vaft wip in 1869:
Establishment of Nanonal Monuments and Parks: Theodor: Roosevelt camped in
the area id 1913 and was later instrumental in establishing the Grand Canyon
National Park in 1919: Extension and entargement of the transportation and tourist
industry: The Phantom Ranch resort was originally established in 1922 by the
Santa Pe Railway to increase use of their wains; Civilian Conservation Corps: A
CCC camp was established at the ranch in 1933 and built many pew trails and
auxiliary swuctures at the ranch and throughout the park; As an example of the
work of architect Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter, built ia the Rustic Style. and
Preservenion Period Context: Ulustrating carly NPS auiempts at managing species
and artifacts for preservation

identification of components or physical attributes of the identified historic periods.
afforited descriptions of land use, landscape details and historic remnants.
clrcwlation, vegetation, and cluster arrangements. Based on the above. it is found
that Phantoni Ranch possesses historic significance on 3 focal, regional, and national
level within the context of the expanston of tourism and according to National
Register criteria A. C, and D. Finally, Phantom Ranch retains integrity under the
sevca cstablished Nationa) Register critevta. Base plans were produced iHustrating
the disbict in 1922 and 1991.

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tars maunmate ve co, NeutLtin, (1 Tt

IG dsiVe tat i featon,

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« I ' Gear reop reat ovat tela ‘De1tOm OF sTONL Bet } 7
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Grand Canyon National Park. Apache Streci lence det.

174 Cuttural. LANoscare BiBLIOGRAPHY; RESOURCES IN THE Nations Park SYSTEM


220

trom the sevenleen grass plots aré summurized, as are the results of limited
investigations beneath the flagstone walks and portico site, “Two construction
projects undertaken in the Square in 1958, also yielded information of archeological
and historival intercst.

The archeological evidence revealed by the investigations is interpreted in this
vepart and described under three main headings: structural Features, landscape,
and artifacts,

The intormation gained om landseupe features is considered to be one of the most
important results of the archeological investigation, Data is obtained on changing
topography, walk patterns, and associated teatures throughout the history of the
property, The landscape of the sq is described for three historical periods: the
Pre- Vaughan Period (1 73F1784); the Vaughan Period (1785-1810), and the Post-
Vaughan Pertad (£812-1962), ln the Pre- Vaughan Period there was a0 planned
landscaping, withongh a wall was constructed around the periphery of the square
and some minor filling and grading undertaken, The first formal landscaping of
the State House Yard was undertaken by Samuel Vaughan between 1784-1787,
and involved lilling and grading, laying out of forcaal wadks, tree planting and the
introduction of seats, The archeological investigations provided a great deal of
detailed data om Vanghan's work, which is described in the report. Phe final perio!
includes mujor alicrations varied out in 1811-1812. Historie buse plans tor the
site at various stages in the past are produced in the report.

‘The report concludes that 10 further archeological investigation in the State House
Yard south of Independence Hall will be coquized, unless new documentary evidence
becomes available on the location of the Observatory. Development of Independence
Square north of the buildings will cequire archeological research to locate historic
landscape Feauures, It is recormniended that the actifact eollection [rom the Square
should be studied to gain further information on social history.

ey

Sitton, Paul G, Supplement | te Thdd Honse Grounds and Neighboring
Properties. Philadelphia: CSDI, NPS. 1964. 16 pp.
B: 002002

This report contains supplementary historical data for the ‘todd House grounds:
und neighboring properties. Jocated on Fourth and Watner Sizcets, in ladependence
National Vistorical Park, The report was prepared by the historian and addresses
the location and size of a stable in the Todd House back lot.

The research inciudes a documentary stucly of Federal tax lists (or 1783-1794 und
the Pennsylvania Tax on Carriege lists for 1783-1794 to gain inforramion on the
presence of a stable. The documentary research proves to be inconclusive and it is
tecommended that archeplagical excavation should be undertaken in order to
determine the exact Jocation and previse shape of the stable.

Recommnendztions for the reconstruction of the stable are made,

eee

Cuturat Lanoscare BisuiosraPHy: Resources In THE NaTIONAL Park System



THEAST REGION

Gateway Nationa) Recreation Area (NJ, NY)
Lar

enchman & Assoviates. Celneral Landscape Repost, Jacel Riis Park,
Gateway National Recreation Area. 2 vols, Bast: USDE, NPS, 1989. [20
Pp.

B: 018620

T: 64G/D)-147

Jacob Riis Park js located within the Breezy Point Unit of Gateway National
Recreation Anza, New York. lt covers 224 acres and spans the Rockaway Peninsula,
from Jamaica Bay on the nerth w the Atlantic Ocean on the south. The Park is an
cxanple uF a recreational publi¢ works project constructed in the 1950s, and is
considered to remain essentially intact from the 1936-1937 periad of development,
The main features include the Bathhouse. which fronts the Boardwatk/Promenade
ta formu ocean front walk separating the beach from the main park area). and the
Mall (a crescent shaped extension to the boardwatk). ‘The lindseuped areas include
walkways, pluygrounds, playing fields, and Jawns, Altiough certain elements of
the park. paticularly the saruclures, show moderate to signivicant signs af
deleriovation, the overall ciscufation, spatial refativnships, alignment. symmetry,
wiews.und vistas remaie unchanged fram the original Layout, The planting continues.
4 reflect much of the original design.

The purpose of this CLR is to determine the historic significance and integrity of
the park landscape, document Ure design evolution, highlight significant features
that exisi in che park today, and recomanend way's Te relubilitate Ue park lo serve
ed from a number of

contemporary needs. The historical documentation is campil
sources nchuding she historic structures report, as well ax many primary sources,
such as original plans, drawings. historic photographs, anu written accounts.

The report begins with 1 historical overview which traces the evolution of the pack
through five distinct operational periods: Prc-develupment (prior to 1932). The
Initial Park (1932-(934); The Robert Mases Renovation and Expansion (1934-
1937); New York Ciay Purks Department Hra. (1937-1974); and Service Stewardshyy
(1974-1989), The historic coutext and significance of tne park are ass
well as the overall histori¢ imegtity, In this section, each of the clements, which
comprise the park landscape, are alse analyzed. The landscape elements include:
topugraphy, land use, circulation, huildings and steuctures, spatial relationships.
ad views, planting, site dutiture and smull-scale elements, lighting. ancl signage.

J. ds

The Jacab Riis Park is large in arca and diverse in character, For the purpose of this,
report, the site is divided into five distinct suh-areas: the Bathhouse area. the
BoardwalyPromenade, the Muh ihe Nack Beach area, and the Beach area, A chapter
on each of these contains detailed information on the charavter-defining features,
of that subarea, a analysis of what exists today and vehat is historically significant.

‘The Jinal section of the report makes recommendations for the rehabiJitation of the
site. Reconariendations are made lor cach of the landscape elements and cach of
the sub-areas, They include repair or replacement of the Ship's cail wong the
Boardwalk und Promenade, restoration of the Boardwalk, restoration and
rehabilitation of the planting borders, restoration or ceplacemeat of lighting and
benches, and reconstruction oY ihe paved coun areas.

ANNOTATED BiatiogRaPHy 209



Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area (OH)

Gelber, Dehra. Historic Landscape Analysis and Design Recommendations for
Boston, Ohie, Omaha: USDI, NPS. 1993. 48 pp.
RB: O17G)2

‘The Cuyahoua Vatley Nationa] Reereation Area preserves rural landscapes across
approximatcly 32,000 eres of land between Cleveland and Akron, Ohio, The 20-
mile Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail follows the bistoric route of the canal and is
lacated within the park. Boston village is located on the banks of the Cuyahoga
River between Cleveland and Akron. The town is a aniqac example af canal
settlement containing remnant clues to the history of settlement and industry in the
Cuyuboga Valley over the past 175 years.

Te purpose of this report is to identil’y, record ancl analyze the character-defining
features of Boston Village and its environs. It is organized into six sections:
Introduction; Analysis of Hlemeuts; Recommendations: Suggestions for Boston
General Store Site Development; and Preservution Strategies. The methodology
used includes ficld investigations, historical research, visual analysis through nerial
and ground photographs. posteards aud maps, review of written sources, aod
interviews of local reskkicmts.

‘The character-defining elements of the village are identified, analyzed and discussed
individually, The cleiments discussed include land use, topography, vegetation
cultural traditions. natural systerns, water features, circulation, spatial organization,
buildings, structures and abjects.

Based an the analysis, the following recommendations are made: historic landscape
features, including vegeration, be left in place. stabilized or rejuvenated; ntodenr
additions be compatible with historic character with a minimum of ornamentation:
because Boston is comprised of a mix of styles from different time periods. a0
elfor should be made ty restore the village to a particular time period: high priority
should be given to preservation of the itregularity and casualness of the Village;
and the village should be maintained with the mix of residential and small business
in traditional activity areas,

This study found the village still retains integrity of location. association and feeling,
Preservation gouls are vutlined aud include preserving the historic fabric,
incorporating the rhythm, tcxture, spatial patterns of the historic town into the
design of new construction: taking actions to isnprove the iegrity of the historic
district by reintroducing lost clements which vould have contemporary purposes.

oR

Hamilton, Chester, Edward Adclinan, und Steve Elkinton, Ciuturat Landscape
Report. Cuyuhaga Valley National Recreation Area. Ornsha: USDI. NPS.
1987, 80 pp.

B: 015583

The Cuyahoga Wull tional Recreation Area covers approximately 32,000 acres
of land between Cleveland and Akron, Ohio. Although surrounded by residential
and suburban development along its eastern and westera sides and intensive
industria) and urban ares lo the narth and south, the valley is considered to retain

438 CucturaL Lanvscare BieLioGraPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionAL Park System



Fort Scott Nattonal Hist

Fort Scott National Historic Site (KS}

Bacon, Allison, Aare Scart National Historic Site Criturad Landscape Report:
istoric Data Section, Omaha; USD, NPS, Midwest Regional Office.
1992. 106 pp.

B: 016624

Established in 1842 as the base for the U.S. Acmy’s peacekeeping eflorts along the
“permanent Indian frontier” between Fort Levenworth. Kansas ard Fart Gibson,
Oklahoma. Fort Scott was manned by dragoun and infantry soldiers who served in
the Mexican War. The fort provided armed escorts for parties on the Sama Ve and
Onggon trails. surveyed unmapped country, and inaintained contact with the Plains
Indians

As “the peemuanent India frontier” moved westward, the post was abandoned in
1853, The buildings were auctioned off in (R55 and the Port became the town of
Font Svott, The structures were adapted to civilian use and the parade grounds
became the City Park. Throughout the tife span of the Fort, including reactivation
during the Civil Wac ta setve as headquarters tor southern Kansas, and the influence
of the rilrotd and “urban spraw]." there has been interest in the sile’s history. This
has resulted in the restoration and/or preservation of the original site. Eleven of the
existing twenty buiklings are original and interpreted with historic furnishings anc
museum exhibits, The 16.9-acre park is sutaunded by the modern city of Fort
Scott and a tall grass prairie has heen restored around the site.

142 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BraLiogRAPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM


SLYOday IVYANS



Cover Images

Upper left: Hampton National Historic Site. Histcric view of the Box Garden from the upper terrace
published in House & Garden, vol. 3. (NPS, 1903)

Lower ieft: William Howard Taft National Historic Site. Home of William Howard Taft. (NPS, c. 1863}

Upper right: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. View of vernacular farmstead complex. {NPS,
na)

Lower right. Ganyen de Chelly National Monument. Overlook view at Spider Rock. (NPS, 7988)

Library of Congress Calaloging-in-Publication Data

Cultural landscape bibliography: resources in the National Park Systern/ by Katherine Ahern...{et
al.]; ediled by Cari Goetcheus, Robert R. Page.

p.cm.

Rev. ed. of: Cultural landscape bibliography / by Katherine Ahern. 1992.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. National parks and reserves—United States—Bibliography. 2. Historic sites—United
States—Bibliography. 3. Historic districts—United States—Bibliography. 4. Landscape protection—
United States— Bibliography. [. Ahern, Katherine. I. Ahern, Katherine, Cultural landscape bibliography,
Ill, Park Hisloric Structures and Cultural Landscapes Program {U.S.)

Z1251.A2 A34 2000
{E160}
016.33378'3'0973—de21 GO—061654

The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation's
natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to tribes.


NortHeast Recion

236

deserihe them as originally being predomini white pine. It is suggested that
Saint-Gaudens may haye later added hemlock with the intention of converting the
hedge to that species for its crisper shape, The ping may have also proven difficult
to maintain as evidenced in historic photographs, The hedges ave generally beeween
four and eighwen [eel tall, with those closest to the house being shorter; photographs
from the historic period show must hedges at about five lo six fect, box like in
shape. with full sides and flat tops. The length and placement of the hedges today
are considered to be largely the same as they were in Saint-Gaudens time, the
major dilference bemg thei present height and width.

The history of the hedges és described and divided imto Tour periods: major period
of design and planting (1885-1903); redesign and additions lo the hedges (1904-
1907), Memorial Association's Wustceship, some replanting although there is
generally poor documentation from this pertod (1907-1965): and the establishment
of the National Historic Site with improved grounds maimenunce invelving
replacement of overgrown hedges, replaming, and additional planting (1965-1989),

Current problems with the hedges are competition between pine and hemlock,
Joss of fight, particularly where other historic plantings have grown into mature
plamis, poor shape, weeds. poor soil. snow damage, disease and pests. dissimilarity
in growth habit of the pine and hemlock. aad piecemeal managemeat. To overcome
some of these problems, a hedge maintenance ovanual has been produced. covering
fertilizing, linving. weeding, and pruning of the pine; cutting out deadwood; and
opening out Lhe kop of the hedge. as well as annual shearing. This report describes
and evaluates the hedge maintenance work carried oul over one season and makes
recommendations for future strategies to improve the appearance, maimenance,
and health of the hedges, The restoration of the pine hedge is also addressed, A
detailed description is given of each of the hedge’s main sections with
recommendations for maintenance and restoralion of each section,

One of the most importam recommendations is the proposal for the establishment
of a nursery 10 provide an adequate supply of plant material with the proper size
and shape for transplanting as part of the hedge restoration program.

KR Re

Pressley, Marion. and Cynthia Zaitveysky. Cultural Landscape Report for Saint-
Gautens National Historiv Site, Volume f: Site History and Exiung
Conditions. Cultural Landscape Publication No. 3. Boston: USDI. NPS.
North Atlantic Regional Office, Division of Cultural Resources.
Managemeat, Cultural Landscape Program. 1993. 263 pp.

B: 016151
T: 428/D-21

‘The landscape of Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site in Cornish, New Hampshire
evokes the personality of its primary owner, sculplor Augustus Saint-Gaudens,
an example of a popular carly 20th century garden style. Evolution of the
development occurred in wwe stages, Irom 1885-September 1903, and October
1903-August 1907. The property was owned by Augusta Saint-Guadens. Augustus's
wife. until 1926 dung which time oaly winor changes were maile Lo the propery.
The site was transferred ta the Augustus Saint-Gaudens Memorial in 1925, which

CurTurAc LANOSCAPE BiBLioGRaPHy: RESOURCES IN THE National Park System



NortHEeast Reaio!

240

place there. Phe study js intended to provide the basic information ncedcd Jor the
development of wayside exhibits aad other interpretive media.

mn of the sources and
ription of the wheat

The report contains the follor
secondary works, identilication of the wheat fictd, and
Geld on October 7, 1777.

The appesutices include five map sections showing, for example, the escampments
and battlefield positions. There is a short bibliography citing primary and secondary
sources, Which include manuscript matesials. printed sources. maps, books and
Service studies.

an ane

White. dinds M. A Grounds Report of the General Philip Schuyter Home at Old
Saratoga, Saratoga: USDI, NPS. 1982. 10 pp.
B: O12841

The Schuyler Estate was the site of great activity at the time of the American
Revolution, This Grounds Report secks lo descnhe the vernacular landscape of the
historic site as it existed betore, during. and after the Revolution, The specific
subjects addressed in the report are house sites. present house construction, grounds
and vegetiti id Tilac bushes, Any Televant information from the documentary
sources is given as direct quotes with the author fisted.

From (he sources available it is cificulr to accurately describe the grounds, ‘The
oli lilacs still growing on the property today are considered (0 be the most significant
vegetation on the site, and [rom the research it may be assumed that they were
theve at the ume of the Revolution. Overall, it is conchuded that many details of the
garcens and plantings ream to be found.

Shenandoah National Park (VA)

Land and Community Associates. Judd Gardens Cultural Landscape Report.
Philadelphia: USDI, NPS, Mid-Adiantic Regional Office. 1993. 51 pp.
B: O17660

Shenandoah National Park encompasses 300 square miles of the southern

Appalachians. offering hiking tails, wildlife and access to the 105 mile Skyline
Drive which winds along the crest of the Blue Ridge Movatains, The Judd Gardens
ave 1 4.45-aere site located in the northeast corner of the Skylaad resort that ties
3,700 feet above sea level in the Shenandoah Valley area. ‘Vie Juctds became a part
of the Skyland resort community in 1910, and the Gardeos quickly became an
important part of the entire conmunity as a place for social and outdoor activities.
As part of the Skyland reson. the Gardens are the product of a Judd family project
that extended over many years and were part of the impetuous for the establishment
of the Shenandoah National Park in 1936.

The purpose of this CLR 25 ty evaluate une historic significance and integrity of the
Gardens and to provide reconmmendations for ils future management, especially in
light of the inherent problems cated with use of the site as an interpretive
cultural landscape. The report is organized into four major sections; Management

CutturaL Lawoscare BisiocRaPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park Systen



West Recion

ave the Coanty’s historical material on land claims, suads and plats, Books by local
bistorians Jimmie Jean Couk, Dorothy Neal dad George Kelloge provided important
insights and details on many lopics. Photographs from whe archives of the Island
County Historical Soviety and ihe Ebey’s Landing Nutional Historical Reserve
coniplement the docunent,

Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site (CA)

Gilbert. Cathy A. Critna? Landscupe Report. fao House Courtyand, Eugene
O'Neil National Historical Site. (Drato. Seattle: USDI, NPS, L986. 50 pp
1h: 5589

The Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site is located on the stope of Lay Trumpus
Ridge overlooking the San Ramon Valley, approximately 27 miles cast of San
Francesco, The site was established in 1976 as & memorial to the pltewright Eugene
O'Neill ancl as 3 park for the performing arts and elated educational programs.
The site comprises 13.19 agres and includes several semuctures associated with the
playwright.

This work forms the first phase of 4 two-part project, This phase consolidates and
swunmnarizes availuble data on the landscape of the Tao House between WLR and
1944. Phase owe of the project will develop construction drawings for the
jinplementation of the proposals and recomnnendations outlined here.

Eugene O"Neit National Historic Site, Courtyard of the Kugene Q'Neill House (NPS. ¢. 1GdOs)

ANNOTATED BiBLIOGRAPHY 265



Mipwest Recion

Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Vegviation caceoachment at the Au Sable Lighthouse, (NPS. £994}

132 CutturaL Lanoscare Bisriocraruy: RESOURCES my THE NaTionaL Park SYsTeN


Generar RePorts

Morrow, Baker H. “Nows on the Vandscape Architecinec of Anasazi
Communities.” In The Mesa Verde Svmposiun on Anasazi Archiecture
and Americar Design Proceedings, Mesa Verde National Park. May 17-19,
799, edited by Baker H, Morrow and ¥.B. 1TF-18S Albuqueryec:
Morrow and Co, Ed, Landscape Architects, 199,

Navonal Park Service. New York Srate Canal System: Special Resource Study.
(Draft), Boston: USDI, NPS. Northeast Field Area, New Lagland Support
Offwe, 1997, 64 pp,

— _. Biitrances to the Past. Video recording. Washingwn, D.C: USDI,
NPS, Preservation Assistance Division, Cultural Resources Traimng.
Initiative. 1993.

PT; 999-15

— — —» Afixturic Ainericon Buildings Suevev/Historic American Engineerina
Record: An Armotated Bihliography. Waslungion. 1.C.: USD,
HABS/HAER. 1992. 170 pp.

— _. Georgia O'Keefe, Study of Azernatives, Denver:
Denver Service Center. 1991.45 pp.
T: P124D-3

JSDI, NPS.

_ _ _- Thamas Cole Suitabitity/Feasibility Sucdy. Washington, D.C. USDI,
NPS. 1991 pp.
B; 015673
T: PoomD-2

- — —» Resources for luterpreters;
faterpretation, Washington, D.C:
B: 012832
T. 9990/2154

Bibliographies for tHistaricat
USDI. NPS, 1982 52 pp.

Nortis. Frank Gold Rush
21.0, 7. Anchorag

vee Mining Sites in Alaska's Nattunal Parks, CRM
DI, NPS. 1998. 2 pp.

Ofltce of Technology Assessment 7echnologies for the Preservation af
Prehistoric & Histori¢ Landscapes. Washington, D.C.. USD NPS.
(987. 47 pp.

B: 017539

Palmer. Meade. Green Sprotes, Louise Caity Virgpria: A Land t's
ional Endowinent for the Arts, 1973
B: 017637

Park, D.C., and Wendy Rass and Kay Ellis. fiterpretation for Disubled Visitors
ta the Natronal Parks System, Washington. D.C.: USE. NPS, Special
Progeams and Populations Branch, 1986.

T: 999-443

Snieds.
D1 pp. fAunonsted)

Recreation Access Advisory Committee. Recommendations for Guidetincs.
Recreaiona Facilities aud Outdoor Develuped Arvas Washi n, DC:
U.S. Archicctural and Transportation Barrters Compliance Board. 1994,
201 pp.

Comprenensive BiaiocrapHy 93



Lehman, Stuart Wi 64, 239

Lindenbusch, John H. 22

Livingston, Douglas (Dewey) 75, 78, 292, 293

Lowenthal, Larry 46, 198, 200

Luxenberg, Grelchen 13, 71, 72, 76, 77. 124, 256, 262, 282. 286
Luzader, John 59, 60

MacDonald, Eric 24

Machuraft, Bill 57

Mahr, Theodore C. 34

Mairs, John 71, 258

Majdiak. Lisa 78, 290

Malcolm, Joyce L. 59, 226
Mancinell, Isabell 56

Maney, Susan Ann 92

Marie, Audrey R. 45

Marsh, John B, 50

Massey, William 60

Mattison, Ray H. 87

McClelland, Linda Flint 85, $2, 98, 328
MeCannellBurka, Inc. 73, 264
McCormick, Charlas H. 34, 169
McCoy. Chandler 17, 134
McCrain, Gerald R. 85

MeCraney, Kathy 9

McCullough, Charles Ross 26, 161
McCully Duff 46

McDonald. Tracy 61

McDowell, Ruth B, 64

McEnaney, Marla 24

McGarry, Thomas E. 34
McGreevy, Elizabeth 72, 263
McKinley, Laura 72

McKoy, Kathteen L. 9, 109

Meies, Lauren G. 49. 55, 56, 57. 92, 223
Melnick, Robert Z. 78. 92, 98, 291. 329
Melrose, Betsy 62

Menke & Menke 52, 53

METLAND Research Group 59
Mitchell, Ruthanne L. 83, 305
Moore, Steptien R. S2

Morris Arboretum 45

Morris, Brian 34, 84, 306
Morrison, Dasrelt 98

Morrow, Baker H. 93

Mullins, Agnes B, 31. 169

Myers, Bruce 8. 33, 178

N

Nationat Park Service 5, 10, 11. 14, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 31, 37, 39, 45, 46, 47,
48, 51, 54, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 80. 83, 87, 88, 93.
98, 116. 136, 137, 144, 149, 184, 185, 218, 253, 260, 264, 267. 276, 308,
320, 337

Neal, Darwina 39

Hs CurTursl LanoscaPe BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE Nationa: Park System


The appendices contain sumple (nwgrated Pest Manazement Plans dealing with
aphids, crickets aud grasshoppers, mites, seule insects. tent caterpillars, blackspot
and powdery mildew.

John Day Fossil Beds National Monument (OR)

ior, Terri, and Cathy A. Gilbert, Cufuera! Landscape Report: Cant Ranch
Historic District, foha Duy Fussif Beds National Momement. Seattic: USD I.
NPS, Pacilic Northwest Region, Columbia Cascades System Suppact
Oftice, Cultural Resources Division, 1996, 125+ pp
B: O17247
T; 17WD-55

Within the seenic Joho Day valley is a well-preserved fossil record at plants anc
wiinwls spamming mre than 40 vf the 63 miltion yeurs of the Age of Manimals
The Cant Ranch Historic District is one of the primary resource areas of the John
Day Fossit Beds National Moinmnent in Eastern Oregon, Since its 1983 1omination
to the National Register, the Cunt Ranch bas served as the primary visitor contact
and administrative area tor this onal Monument. The ranch hotses the visitor
service center, maintenance fi and interpretation
programs. In accommodating these services, theremental changes to the property
have been made, Such changes. together with new planning efforts unt redefine

es. administrative offices.

ic West Rec

ANNOTATED BisLiIOGRAPHY

279



‘aciFiC West Re:

The Future Site Pian is an axonometric plan that illustrates che physical changes
veiled to open the island up for visitors. It includes internation on some of the
Jong-term considerations for the use of buildings.

Design Guidelines deseribes general standards for the isand*s (ansformation
including materials. colors, ing and views,

Pragrananatic and Management Consideration proposals for the island’s programas
and management direction are described.

Long-Term Conviderations address aspects of the island's future that require
additional technical evaluation and feasibility studies, particularly concentrating
on the wdaptive use of buildings.

An daplementation and Process Orntline overviews a two-phase action plan as the
means of implementing (he proposuls inade in this research.

The recommuiendations made in the report ase illustrated in plans and sketches. The
appendices outline the workshop process and present many of the ideas and
suggestions formulated during these sessions.

BO ke ae

Land arth Comnunity Associates. and Archiwetural Resources Group. Presidio
of San Francisco Cultural Landscape Analysis. Seattle: USDI, NPS, 1992,
361 pp.
B: OS7604
T: 641/D-111

The Presidio of San Francisco encompasses coughly § 500 acres of the Gokden
Gare National Recreatian Arca, The breadth of the land encompassing the Presidio,
the diverse type of respurces located within its boundaries, and the varied land
mses and their impact upon the band, are best summarized jn the allowing paragraph
exverpled from the report;

-- in the Presidio, the human need and desire tor stable. buildable land
resulted in the draining and filing of wetland ureas. Soils and maurat
drajnage systems were altered forever; the landfonn vas restructured aud
culiural elements added te this landscape, This process of altering,
festructuring, udding und deleting occurred innumerable times in the
history of the Presidio, Iron the decision ta build the Presidio in the 18th
century 16 the location of cannonballs as lawn omaments, the history and
chronology of the Presidio landscape is one of both large and small-scale
components,

The purpose of this analysis is to provide tre NPS Presidio Planning Teane with
technical ussisaace and a comprehensive culrural landscape database. The intent
38 to establish a clear understanding of the development of the Presidio’s cultural
Jandscape as part of an information gathering process for the General Managentent
Plan. Tt is nowd that because of the preliminary nature and resultant limitation jn
scope of this project, the analysis addresses the overall site and not specific subareas,
This level of inventory and evaluation is determined sufficieut for general
preliminary planning purposes while a subsequent CLR would carry out an ine

274 Curturat Lanpscare BiBLiogrartiy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTeM



Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site (NY)

Baker, Kristin and George W. Curry. Cutneral Landscape Report for ihe Home
of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site: Site History, Existing
Conditions and Anaivsis. Boston: USD. NPS, Olmsted Center for
Landscape Preservation, 1999, 352 pp.

. Kristin. Margaret Coffin, and Charles Pepper. Histuric
for ihe Home of Fraukiin D, Roosevelt National Historic }
Property. Boston: USDI, NPS, Olmsted Center tor Lanedse
Preservation. 1994. [00 pp.

Plant Taverdore
e. Beliafield

Horrocks, James P, Aistury af ibe Gardens aid Greenhouses at the Home of
Frankdin D. Reosevelt. Hyde Park, NY: USDL - 1965. LF pp.
Clanotaied)

B: 010395.
C: 010895,

Lacy. Katharine. Hone of Franklin D. Reosevels National Historie Site.
Prefionrery Assessment. Boston: USD NPS, Olmsted Center for
Landscape Preservation, (993. 47 pp.

Snell, Charles W. Histaric Structure and Gronnds Repart. Bellefield Mansion
and Estate. Home of Franklin B. Roosevelt National Historic Site. Uyde
Purk, New York. Denver: USDL. NPS, 1981, 236 pp.

B: 010393.
Ni PBS2-1963S PCA LL MBAOL

— — .. Pecumentatian of Histarical Base Map, Drawiny #

LS FDR-2001-A. Hone of Franklin 2D. Roosevelt National Histerie Site.
Nip. USDL NPS. $957, 30 pp. fAnnetared)

B: 400133

_ — —» #ranklin D. Ravsevell aud boresiry at Hyde Park. New York, 19 ff to
USDI, NPS, 1955, 81 pp.

Hopewell Furnace Nationa! Historic Site (PA)

KFS Cultura? Resources Group, io association with Menke & Menke. Culrerat
Landscape Report: Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site.
Philadelphia: Kise Franks and Suaw, 1997, 225 pp. (Araoratert)

B: 017647
T: 3761-70

_ _ _. Hopewell Furnace National Historie Site Adjacent Lands Study,
Philadelphia: Kise lranks and Suaw. 1997. 125 pp.
T: 376/D-69

Ronsheim, Robert D, Historie Structures Survey Report, Part & dronmaster’s
Garden: Partial Report, Path Thraitgh Garden, Hopewell Village Nationat
Historie Site. Philadelphia: USDI.NPS, (960, £0 pp-

Ty; OF2195
C: 012195

ComPREHENSIVE BisLioGRAPHY

53


Joseph, Muurven DeLay, Mark Davison and Kay Fauning. Crinuzal Lanes
Report: Dumbarton Oaks Park, Rock Creek Park, Volume 1; Site History,
Existing Conditions, ad Anatysis and Brafaation, (Draid. Washington,
D.C: USDL NPS. 1999, 2001 pp.

B: 017046

Joseph, Maureen DeLay, Mark Davison, Kay Vanning and Darwina Neal.
Culneat Landscape Report: Dumbarton Ouks Park. Rock Creck Park,
Valume 2; Design Development. (Draft). Washington, D.C. USDI, NPS.
1999, 100 pp.

National Purk Service, Report en Proposed Development of Rock Creek and
Poramac Park, Section fo, Washington. D.C. USI NPS, 1940, 18 pp.
(Annotated)

B: 012421

Olnsted Brothers. Rock Crvek Park, ieookline: USDI. NPS. 1918. $2 pp.
B: 017538

Schlefer. Marion K., Frances Alexander. Dumbarton Oaks Park, Washington,
USDI, NPS. HABS. 1992-94. 48 pp.

Wheelock. Perry Carpenter. Crllarul Landsrape Report: Pie
Mansion, Rock Creek Park. Washington. P.C.: USDI, NPS
Capital Regional Office. 1993
B: 450249
T: 8214D-63

ComPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY

39

Resion


National Park Sesvice. Comprehensive Plan for ibev's Landing National
Historical Reserve, Seattle: USDI, NPS, Pacific Northwest Regional Office.
1980, (Revised 1984). 8) pp.

B: 011742
T: ASd-LA

‘The Central Whidbey urea is uniyue in that the historic pattera of setdement can
still be seen in its farms, open space and historic resources, At the turn of the
century, this area formed the basis of a stable ane} prosperous society, including

sctttement by farmers and home to sea captains and businessmen. The Reserve
provides a window into the history und forees dat shaped Puget Sound's history.

The National Park Service. cooperated with state and local units of government to
develop this Comprehensive Plan. which incorporates the Conceptual Plag iat
was leveloped in cooperation with the citizens and governments of the Central
Whidbey Istund area, the Tawa of Coupeville. and Istana County. The plan provides
acharl expressing the interagency organization involved in the planniag of Ebey’s
Landing,

The goal of the Comprehensive Plan is to provide guidelines for the protection.
preservation, and interpretation of the Reserve. “Che plan identifies the areas ar '
Zones within the Reserve that should be devoted to: Public use/development. Historic

and natural preservation, Private use, subject to appropriate local ordinances

eee

Sheridan, Mimi. with MceConnellBurke, Inc. Coupeville - Past, Present, Futire.
Historic Preservation Plan, Vol. t, Town of Coupeville, Washington. Seattle;
USDI, NPS. 1998. 102 pp.

The primary purpase of this document is w provide a ilistoric Preservation Plan
for the Town of Coupevitte, with preservation policies to be adopted by the Town
as part of its Comprehensive Plan, The document also chronicles the town's
historical development over nearly [50 years. I builds an the premise that each
section of Lown has its own unique character, shaped by iis own history and
development pattern,

‘This document contains four sections. Mart ?: Coupevitie, How it Carne to Be as it
is Today. is a bsief overview of Coupeville’s history, focusing on its physical
development more than or social or economic matters, Part Hs A Closer Look,
supports this overview and contains a more detailed wecount of specitic aspects of
town development such us annexarions, roads, utilities, schools and residential
and commercial growth, Part Hi: Neighboring Character is more specie and
forms the basis of che preservation policies. ‘This section divides che town into
seven areas and 21 subareus, discussing the major character elements that have
developed over time 1o make each neighborhood unique. Finally, Parr 1¥: Proposed
Policies and Actions is a list of policies for future preservation of these
characteristics,

A wide variety of sources are used to compile this history. The extensive building
inventory and oral histories completedt by the National Park Service and Ebcy’s
Landing National Historie Reserve are invaluable. Material from Town Councit
Minutes and other ‘Town records such as building permit files are very useful, as

264 Curturat Lanoscare BistioGrarHy: RESOURCES IN THE National Pak SysTeM



Miowest REGION

180

‘There arc mumerous opportupitics for agricultural interpretation in the Lakeshore
and adjacent areas. as well as opportunities for the NPS Lo protect. manage and
imerpret resources in way's that will ullow the past to “exists within the context of
the present.”

Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site (MO)

Weekly, Mark. Criturat Londscape Assessment uf Ulysses S. Grant Nationat
Historic Site. (Dratt). Omaha: CSDE, NPS. 1993. 60 pp. B: 017657
T: 357-8

The Ulysses $. Grant National Historic Sine is located im south St. Louis County,
nd was owned by Ulysses §. Grant. Union General and
cighteenth President of the United States. The site has extensive tree and shrub
cover, five historic buildings and a limited road system. There are 9.65 acres of the
original farm that remain vader the care of Lhe NPS. The primary purpose of this
assessment report is to provide a preliminary analysis of the landscape of the site.

The history of the site is divided into four periods as defined by ownership and the
changes made by cach owner and include: Pre-Dent Period (1796-1820); Grant's
Ownership Period (1865-1685), Cons Period (1885-1913); and Wemalick Period
(1913-1993). Five key issues are considered for each time period: historical
significance of the landscape, number and integrity of extant features,
documentation available— archeological, written, graphic and other sources of dala:
consistency with the established or potential key historic period(s) and themes of
the property; and functional and saimtenance concerns.

This study reveals that the fandscape has high integrity for the more contemporary
periods of the site, but lite historic significance. The period that Grant was
associated with the site has the most historic significance but limited imtegrity, duc.
in part 10 the lack of documentation fron the Graat-cra, Based on the preliminary
Imdings of this simdy, the recommended treatment for the site is rebabilitation
until further cescarch can be conducted.

William Howard Taft National Historic Site {OH}

McCullough, Charles Ross. William Howard Tafi National Historic Site:
Historic Grounds Report, Omaha: USDI. NPS. 1971, 84 pp.
B: 700448
T: 448/D-6

William Howard Taft was President of the United States between 1909 aad 1913
and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court between 1921 and 1930, He was bor and
raised in the house at 2038 Aubum Avenue, Cincinnati. Ohio, which is now
preserved as a National Historic Site. The site master plan states Unat the hause and
exterior grounds should be authentically restored to the time of the most intensive
Taft association, 1851-1874. A specific date for restoration of the house is also
given as 1857. The site covers 3.07 acres, although this report focuses on the grounds
of the house which originally covered 1.82 acres.

CunTURAL Lanpscare BrauiocaaPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionAL Park SyStem


88

Wright Brothers National Memorial (NC}

Chapman, William R. Wright Brothers National Memarial. Historic Resource
Study: Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina. Auntie: USD,
NPS, 1997. 77 pp.

B: 087243
T: 361-14

National Park Service. Kil! Devil Hilt National Monwnent, Physical
improvements. Allanta: USDL NPS, na. LS pp.
Ty: G11670
C: 011670

Cuttural LANoscare BistiocraPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionar Park SYSTEM



NorrHeast Recon

O'Donucll, Patricia M.. Barbara Wilson, Peter Viteretto, and Cynthia Zaitzevsky.
Cultural Landscape Report for Vanderbilt Mausian National Historic Site,
Volume 2; Landscape Preservation Treciment Recommendations, Boston:
USDY, NPS. Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation, North Atlantic
Regional Office, Division of Cuttural Resource Management. (994, 138 pp.
B: 017656

‘The Vanderbilt Mansion National Ffistoric Site (NETS) encompasses more thin
200 acres of and overlooking the Hudson River Valley in Hyde Park, Duchess:
Couaty, New York, The property is one of the first NHS, designated after President
Roostveh showed substantial interest in the property in the 1940's. The Vanderbite
Mansion is named for us fast owner prior to acqutsitian by the National Park Service.
The site is @ layered landscape with 4 lengthy period of significance and a
substantially intact imprint of the five genemuors of owaers who developed the
grounds, including the Bards, Hosauck, the Langdons, and Vanderbill. Volume 2 of
fhe Cudtural Landscape Report for this site utilizes baseline information cer
in Cudueral Landscape Repart for Vanderbilt Mansion National lHistoric Site, Volume
2; Site History, Existing Conditions & Analysis.

This second volume of the CLR explores different preservation eaiment
alternatives and their relevance to preservation theory aad the management
objectives set forts in the vasious general management plans. Volume 2 provides
specific recommendations for preservation treauments at the feature level,
Restoration js selected as the primary treatment reconumended for the overall site,
with a restoration/reconsizuction approach for certuin jeatures.

The section of the report dealing with mnplementation of the recommended
Jandseupe restoration fealment iuicludes class “e” cost estimates to guin a sense of
the level of cost magnitude for on-site project stalling and materials, as well as
estimates for the cost of capital projects, The implementation scction also prioritizes
Uealment arcas. Appendix A is a review of project directives of 1991, 1992. and
1993, Appendix B includes citations of plans. photographs. keys to planting plans,
and specitications,

setae

Ricley & Associates. Rudy J. Favretti, and Rueben M, Rainey. Historie Grounds
Report, Vanderbilt Mansion. Np USDI, NPS. WRB. S54 pp.
B: 013617

The Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Siic is located on the bluffs of the Hudson
River in Hyde Park. New York. The site preserves the “gilded age” estate owned
by Frederick W, Vanderbilt, a nineteenth century millionaire, The total estate covers:
more than 200 acres.

This report focuses an the designed Jandscape of the formal garlens, which are
wpproximately |. acres in extent. These gardens comprise three watled terraces.
The highest terrace is occupied by the gardener's cotage, tool bouse. potting shed.
and partene gartens. The Ttalian garden ated on Lhe midlle terrace and the
loggia garden is at the lowest clevation.

The putose of this CLR is to document the evolution of the formal gardens from
1795, with particular cinphasis on the years (bat the estate was owned by the

246 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE Narional. Park Systet


INTeRMOUNTAIN REGION

San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (TX)

Fejerabend, Carey. et. al. Culueel Landscape Recammendations;
Jase, San Antonia Missions National Historical Park. (Drafy.
USDI. NPS, Southwest Regional Office, 1989. 59 pp. fAnnoraied!
B: G15549
T: 472/D- Lo

Florence, Hunk, Cathy A. Gilbwt. Act Gomez, Jake Ivey, and Gretchen
Luxenberg. Critarul Fanidscape Reconynendarions: Mission Espada. San
Autoniv Missions National Historical Park. (Deatt). Santa Fe: USDIL
NPS, Southwest Sysiem: Support Office. 1990, 5) pp. fAanosered)

TB: 015548

Gilhest, Cuthy A., Carey Peivrubendd, Jake Ivey. Art Games, «rd Hank Flovence.
Cidturat Landscape Reconunendutions: Mission Cancepetioan, San Antonio

Missions National Historical Park. Santa Fe: USDI, NPS, Southwest

System Support Office, 1989. 49 pp, (Aanorareed)

B: O1S141

T. ATID AG

James & Juarez, Architects. Land ard Community Associates, c1. ul. San
Amonio Missions: Culneal Landscape Report, Vohune i. (Draft),
Fe: USD, NPS, Souhwest System Suppart Office, 1998. 200+ pp.
fAmmetared)

USDI, NPS. Southwest System) Support Offree, 1995. 200+ pp.
B: 087531

|

| — — — Mission Sai dasé, Culttral Landscape Report. Velinne 2. Santa be:
|

T: 47¥D-30

Mission Concepcion. Crelraral Landscape Report, Volume 3. Santa
USDL NPS, Southwest System Support Office, 1998, 200+ pp.

(Annotated)
OCULUS. eal. Rancho de Las Cubras, Cultural Landscape Report: San
Antonia Missions National Histarical Park, Sama Ve: USDI, NPS. 1998.

200+ pp.

Wupatki National Monument (AZ)

Anderson, Bruwe A. cd. The Wipatké Archeological faveatory Surver Project:
Fine! Report. Southwest Cultarel Resources Center, Professional Paper No.
3. Sunta Pe: USDI. NPS. 1990, 225 pp.
13: 015927
‘J: 322/9).27

Cionanon, Steven K. Phe Viyelaiion Community of Cedar Canyon, Wypathi
National Monanenr in Response to Environmental Change. Santa Fer
USPE NPS. 1988. 98 pp.

B: 600817
T: 322-D24

ComprRexensive BIBLIOGRAPHY 13



Hanipton planation is considered to have begun in 1747-L 708, although trees
been planted prior to this date. fn the curl: [S00s. the engraver and painter, William
Birch. Irom Philadelphia. was involved in the design of the formal gardens. An
nn was installed in SSOL to bring water from the springs into the
garden. Detal so given on the chief gurdeners employed at] Lampton, In 1852
the gardens at Hampton uaderwent moderation and James Galbraith, a
professional gardener from New York. was cmployed to supervise developments
aad improvements, The appeurance of the garcen in the mid-nineteenth century is
bed from journal reports, Subsequent developments. improvements and
tenance of the garden are alsa documented.

Historie phologsiphs and orginal garden plans are included in the repurt and
illustrate the garden design. No information is grven on the curvent condition of

the garden or future proposals for treatment,

Home of Franktin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site (NY)

Horrocks, James P, History of the Gurdens and Greewhouses at the Hote of
Franklin D. Ronsevelt, Viyde. Park: USIN, NPS, 1965, 1 pp.
B: 910395
C0395

The Home of tranktin D. Roosevelt NaGonal Histe
York. preserves Springwood. the birthplace, lifeline residence. and
House” of the thity-second President. The grounds of the house a
lundscape and include gardens datiag back to the mid- 1800s, or
the previous owners of the estate, The gravesites of the President and Mrs, Roosevelt
ate now situated within the garden.

i Site at Myde Park, New
uummice White

This report, prepared by a park guide, documents the history of the gardens. The
research is based on primary and secondary documentary sources, The gardens
were furimatty laid out ig the mid E8008, with a hemlock hedge planted around
them. Dunng the carly years, the caising of fruit and vegetuhles way the primary
and beans

Z
g
2

&
z
E
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=

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g
2
2
a
2
5
3
2
é&
z
a
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=

len plot and bordering th el walk

g rosy af plum and pear trees
flowers between them. After 191

the vegetable ganlen was moved
* planted with and. in
the place of the fruit wees. 2 continuous border for perennial Mowers Nlanked the
gravel walks. Roses were planted in beds along the sides of the garden. The report
i ume More detailed information on the gardeu, hemlock hedge. 3
ment, small greenhouse. large greenhouse. small vegetuble garden. hot
beds, large vegetable garden, apiury. water lower and water supply.

Kc

A plan of the Rooseve included based on evidence (rom aernal

photographs of the zarcens kiken in 1932 and 1933,

itis concluded that. with the exception of the new packing urea. which was located
on the site of the second vegetable garden, the National Park Service has made few
alteralivns to the gardens and greenhouse. As a cosuh, the historic appearance of

the estate remains, This allows visitors to the estate an opportunity to obtain a

Annotatep BieLioGRaPHY

RTHEAST REGION

218


Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller Nationa) Historical Park {VT)

Voulds, H. Hliot, Kutharing Lucy, stad Tauren Meier, Lauid Use History for
Marsh-Bittings National Histuricai Park, Cultural Landscape Publication
No. 4. Baston: USDI, NPS, Olnusted Center for Landscape Presers
1994, 122 pp.
B: 017654

1S6/1)-3

The Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Pack, established ia 1992, is
he livst National Park in the Stale of Vermont. The park was created for the purpose
of interpreting the history and evolution of conservation stewardship in the United
States, including the contributions made jward that inavement by George Perkins
Marsh, Frederick Billings, und l.aurence Rockefeller, This document provides
information on the Jand use history af ihe site, which has been diviced inte four
periods: Pre-Mursh (antiquity to 1789); Marsh period (1789 1869% Billings period
(1869-1914): and Bulings Heirs/Rockefeller period (1914-1993),

The report is presented in thee for sections, Part One addresses the conservition
philosophies of the three different owners, Marsh, Billings, and Rockefeller, in
order to provide a historical context for the site's development. Part Teo cor
a history of the Jandscape, defined by ihe periods listed above. This section is
accompanied by three period plims that relvet the chunges in ownership, properly
boundaries und overall orpanization by period of ownership, Part Three brielly
analyzes the historic integrity of euch ownership period reflected in the landseape’s
Hing conditiuns, and discusses the significance of the lundscape.

A preliminary evaluation of significance is provided, addressing Ihe current Natamal
Register status of the park and application of the National Register criteria to the
significance of the landseape. While the Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller House
nominated te the National Register in 1967, simultancaus with its listing as a NFU,
litle mention of the landscape was provided in the nomination form,

Preservation issues identilied in the report include the need for prioritizing the
cataloguing and processing of existing archival materials pertaining to the landscape,
aml the potentially detrimental impact that inercased public use may have on the
historic landsvape at the park.

Recommendations for subsequent work inglude: documentuion of landscape
choracteristies of the Rockefeller period: development of historic contexts:
preparation of oral histories; additional research on the scenie zone; amendment
of the National Register form, preparation of a detailed existing conditions plan:
preparation of a Cultural Landscape Report, preliminary archeological survey:
preparation of iin ethnographis assessment,

Sources utiized to prepare this report and included as appendices are: a“"GaveticerTM
written by Jane Houghton, which provides dates und listori¢ and contemporary
names of buildings and structures on the site; David Donath's chronology of the
site's history of development and tte individuals associuted therewith: and John
Wiggin’s documentation and analysis of the forest cover, which was utilized to
ereale [orest cover maps for the yurious ownership periads,

ANNOTATED BiBLiocRAPHY

JORTHEAST REGION

223



Capitol Reef National Park (UT)

Gilbert, Cuthy A. and Kathleen L. McKoy, Cultural Lentdseupe Report: Fruita
Rural Historie Districs, Capitol Reef National Park. Ciutural Resourves:
Selections, No. 8. Denver: USI, NPS, Intermountain Regional Office.
1997. 130+ pp. tAmnormed)

B: 017619
Tr LS8/D-63

Gilbert, Cathy and Kathy MeCvaney, Cudrared Landivupe Assessmvar, Prnita
Rural Histarie District, Cupitel Reef National Park. Torvey, Utah. Santa
Fe: USDIL NPS. 1992. 47 pp.
B: 017620
Ts 1582-51

Chaco Culture National Historical Park (NM}

Jones. Kirkland L. The Leudugy af Chace Canyon, Preliminary Sarves. Santa
Fe: USDILNPS, 1972, 80 pp:
B: 600425
T: 340/D-350

Judge, James W. The Devefoparent of a Complex Culnoul Ecosystem in the
Chavo Basin, Chace Culture National (Historical Park. Santa Fe: USDI,
NPS, 1976, 16 pp. (Anoreted)

8: O11886
Cr 011886
N: PR83-245028/PCA] WMFAOH

Chamizal National Memorial (TX)

Cowley. Jill und Rick Lasko. Landscape Management Plan/Conprehensive
Desig, Chantizal National Memorial. Santa Fe: USDI, NPS. Denver
Service Center, 1989, 504- pp.

B: 017104
T: 441/D-13

Chiricahua National Monument (AZ)

Kumble, Peter A, Historic Landscape Restoration Report, The Faraway Ruach,
Chiricahua, New Atexico, Santa Ve: USDE NPS. nd. 50 pp. (Annotated)
B: 018277

El Morro National Monument (NM)

Schackel. Sandra, A Century of Chuage: A Plictographic Aistory and Analysts
of Vegetation Conditions, El Morro National Monumens, 189$-}983, Santa
Fe: USDI, NPS. 1984. 83 pp
B: 13017

COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY



|
|

ENERAL RE

92

Krakow, Jere L. Historic Resource Study: Rack Creek and Poteniac Parkway,
Gearge Washingion Memarial Parkway, Suitland Parkway, Baltimore-
Washington Parkway. Washington, D.C: USDI. NPS. 1990. 149 pp.
{Annotated)

B: 64467)
T: 850/D-84

Maney, Susan Ann. Preserving Design Intent in the Historic Landscape.
Thesis. Newark: University of Delaware, Public Horticulture
Administration Depanment. 1990, 102 pp.

MeCleNand, Linda Flint. Bulldietg the Nasional Parks: Historic Landscape
Design and Canstruction. Baltimore & London: The Joho Hopkins
Laivorsity Press, 1998. 485+ pp. {Annomied)

— — _. Presenting Nature: The Historic Landscape Design of the National
Park Service, /9!6 te 1942. Washington, B JSDI, NPS, Interagency
Resources Division, National Register of Historic Places. 1993. 344 pp.
(Annotated)

B: OL7408
T: 999/1-970)

Meier, Lauren G., ed. Historic Landscape Directory: A Senrce Book of
Agencies. Orgunizations, and Institutions Craviding Information on
Fisterie Landscape Preservation. Washington, D. USDI, NPS, Cultural
Resources, Preservation / tance [i m. $99], 98 pp.

Meier, Lauren G. and Betsy Chitenden, Preserving Historic Landscapes: An
Annowued Biblivgraphy. Washington, D.C. USDI, NPS, Preservation
Assistance Division. 1990, 81 pp.

B: 015270
ft: QYOVID-574

Melnick, Robert Z. Preserving Culteral Leutscapes: Developing Standards,
CRM Bulletin 3, 00, 1. Washinyton, D.C.: USDI, NPS. 1980. 4 pp.

_ . Netebook: Crliared anel Historic Landscapes in the National Parks.
Washington, 9.C.: USBI. NPS, L980,
B: 017412

Cultural anid Historical Landscapes: A Selected Uibliographs,
SI], NPS, 1980.

Washington, D.C:
B: 012928

Melnick Robert Z., Daniel Spon and Rinna J. Saxe, Cidtaral Landscapes:
Rural Historic Districts in the National Park System. Washington, D.C.:
USDL NPS. 1984. 86 pp. (Annotated)

B: 012830

C: 012830

T: 999/D-259

N: PB8S-106037/PCAUS/MEAG |

CurturaL LANDSCAPE BYBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTioNaL Park System


342 CulTuRAL LANDSCAPE BiBl.iOGRAPHY: RESOURCES iN THE NATIONAL Park SySTeM



is based on premary sources which included t890 anc 1920 planting i setof
1932 inaps, historic photographs and iescriptions, as well as secondary material.

Soil and pluating recommendations are wade. as well as a list of species suitable
for Sure landscape work. The species are bused on those used in the landscapes
af the 1890s and 1930s, and excludes 9 decmsed inappropriate by virtue of
size. lack of hardiness, short life span. and susceptibility 10 pests.

Separate recommendations for the planting ane layout of ging subunits of the
landseape are given: the Magnolia Promunade. the Bathhouse Lawas, the Main.
Entrance, Adlington Lawn, Display Springs, Transttion Area, Grand Promenade,
Open Lawn Bays, and Open Woods.

James A. Garfield National Historic Site (GH}

Nativnal Park Service and William Behuke Associates. Cuftaral Lanedscupe
Report, Lawafield, James A, Garfield National Histeric: Séie, Mentor, Okie,
Omaha: USDI, NPS, Midwest Regional Office. 1994. 155 pp.

B: 016650
Ts 987/19-15

The James A. Garfield National Historic Site. Jocuted ut 895 Mentor Avenue in
Mentor, Ohio. was the residence af James. A. Garfield, the 20th President of the
United Siates. Garfield was the chief architect of the farm and was involved in alt
aspects of farming operations, The site is also significant due tu the iivolyement of
J. Wilkinson Elliot, a landscape architect canumissioned by Garfield. whe begun
several national ends in landscape desigo hy implenieoting Ueto first at the
Garfield fama. ‘The property is listed as a National Historic Landmark and is part of
the Cuyahoga Villey National Recreation Area.

This CLR wus completed as one component of a lurger project tor the site chat
inchides the restorationélevelopment of the main residence, known as Lawnlield,
anid we adaptive reuse of the carriage house and a number of other clements. The
purpase ol the report is to identify, evaluate and determine appropriate management
options for the cohural landscape, including such elements as the historic seere,
the histavic designea and vernacular Jandscapes.

‘This report is organized into five sections: Adininisirative Data, Documentary Data,
Field Survey Data. Anatysis and Reconunendations, and Llustrations and Maps.

The historical developmen of the Lawnjield site is divided tmo four time periods
that reflect the key influences which operated at the site. The site histumy section
discusses each time period and includes the significant landscape features of cach

aS land use, spatial relationships, roads, paths and other (ransporation sys!
views and vistas, vegetation. draliuge and engincering starctures, walls, dence:
and hedges, buildings, and other landscape features. Field surveys reveaied extreme
changes to the visual appeurance af the site, primarily due to the maturity of the
vegetation und the depletion of site acreage, which has affected views, vistas and
ambiance of the Garfield fan.

“Pwo alternative treatment plans were. developed for this report; the first correspunds
to the [886-1899 transition period of Lawnfield. and the second to the 1900-1903.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

149



jucations that provided casy access to fishing and gathering areas. The wef uet
fisheries of the San Juan Islands were a particularly important resource.

‘The study concludes that the federally eecognized vibe with the strongest claim 10
San Juan Island, based on weary rights and waditional use, ts the Lanini. tt also
slates that there are valid claims by other Indian groups which should be considered,
including: (U.S, Federally Recognized) Lumni. Swinemish, and Klallam, (Non-
Federally Recognized) Mitchelf Bay Band. Sax Juan Tribe, and Samish, and
(Canadian Bands) Songhees (Esquimett), and Sucanich (Tsarilip), (Tsawout}.

The recommended approach to identifying rightful claims, is to establish an advisory
council composed of eldces, or tribally-appointed representatives. from the
federally-recognized tribes (Lumai, Klaliam and Swinemish) and ask that
representatives from the Canadian bands and the non-recognizcd tibes sit on the
council in an advisory capacity. This would keep all of the concerned groups
informed of any action on the pact of NPS aid allow for input from concemed
Native groups. issues concerning repatviation could be taken up by the advisory
council and their recommendations acted upon. This approach would satisfy both
the requirements of NAGPRA and the management policies of NPS.

‘The report includes an annotated bibliography, appendices, and geographical maps.

Sane

Gilbert, Cathy A. ifistoric Landscape Report: American Camp and British
Camp, Sate Juan istend National Historical Park. Seattle: USDI, NPS.
Pacific Nonhwest Regional Office. Cultural Resource Division. 1987, 261

PP.

B: 014509
C: O44509
T: 438/19-27

‘The San Juan Islands are located in Puget Sound between Victoria, British Columbia
and Seattle, Washingion. San Juan Island is the largest in the archipelago. It is
fourtecn miles in length and six and a half miles at its widest point. lt was authori:
as a National Historical Park in 1966 to commemorate the final scttkement of the
Chegon Territory’s northern boundary (1853-1872), These included the Pig War of
1859 and the joint occupation by British and American ops between 1859 and
1872, while the boundary dispute between the two countries was being settled.

The park is comprised of two physically separate and individual historic sites: the
Brawh Camp on Garrison Bay at the north cad of th land, and the American
Camp at the southern end, These two siles are the focus of this Historic Landscape
Report. Both have been substamially altered since the historic period, by agricultural
cultivation and gra and more recently by tourism and development pressures.
Much of the original fabric at both camps ss considered Lo be missing or impacted
by these subsequent land uscs.

The purpose of this study is to identify the significant historic features and landscape
patterns ¢omi ¢ al the two camps and incorporate those components into desiga
proposals for the sites. ‘The aim being to develop a range of appropriate designs
that protect significant historic resources and enhance visitor understanding of.
and access lo. these resources.

296 CutTuRAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionaL PARK System



Lincoln Boyhood Nationa! Memorial {IN}

Bearss, Edwin C. Lincoln Beyhood as o Living Ristoricul Karn, Omaha: USDI,
NPS, 1967. 181 pp.
003018
003018
22/1)-4
Ni: 200500/PCA LYMEAGL

This study was undertaken wo provide reliable information upon which the NPS
cout? base a plan fer the historic vernacular landscape of the Lincola Boyhood
National Memorial in indiana. The ceport, prepared by a historian, describes fony
acres farmed by the Lincolns in 1829.

Abraham Lincola’s family migrated from Kentacky w Indiana in 1816. The report
describes the gencral geography of Spencer County, Indiana between 1316-1830,
and the early pioneer settlement of the Lake Pigeon Creek area. The original
vegetation of the area, considered to be forested, consisted af gum. beech, poplar.
hickory, wakwut, ash, and oak with an undergrowth of spice. dogwood, and hazel.
Other natural resources, including fauna and flora, ae ascertained from original
survey Noles and other documentary sources,

The forty acres farmed by the Lincotns in 1829 are located on the gentle slopes
surrounding the cabin site. The types of crops that might have been grown on the
farm include com, wheal, oats. flax, tobacco, and cotton, The methods of cultivation.
employed and types of implements used ave illusteated. This information provides
a base from which stions can be mide regarding proposed crops for the
tiving historical farm. Documentary tescarch also provides evidence of vegetables
which may have bece grown in the garden such as potatoes, melon, turnips,
asparagus, beans, ¢gg plant, cucumber, gourds, and herbs. among others, The garden
is assumed te have been located immediately southwest of the cabin and likely w
have been fenced to protect it from livestock, The orchard would have been situated
‘on the east side of the cabin, The wild and cultivated flowers found on the farm
and livestock owned by the Lincolas are also described.

Based on the information established from this rescarch, a historic base map was
generated for the farm. The type, construction and location of the cabins and
outbuildings are determined. !is thought that there were wo cabins: the fast built
in the winter of 1816-1817. and the second just befure the Lincolns decided to
niigrate 10 Iilinois. Information also is presemed on househuld eficets, furnishings
and food served al the Lincoln table.

Kewee

York, Jit M. Historic Grounds Report, Friendly Tives, Hatlowed Ground: An
Expression of Sentiment and Reason, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial.
Omaha: USD. XPS, 1984. 7) pp.

B: 012314
C: QI
T: 4220-6
N: PB85-220028/AS/PCA0S/MPAQ|

152 Cutturac Lanoscare Brerocrapay: Resources in THE National Park System


MiowesT Rec!

with historic photographs, as well as base maps that document the development of
settlements, transpertalion, and manutacturing.

Appendices include a list of sources for base maps, a list of Ozark properties listed
on the National Register, and a sclecied bibliography. An index is also included as.
well,

Perry’s Victory and international Peace Memorial (OH}

Williams, Sherda aud Susau Calafate Boyle. Cultural Landscape Report for
Perry's Victory and tueruational Pouce Memorial, Puj-in- Bay. Ottio.
Omaha: USDI, NPS, Midwest Regional Office, Planaing and Resource
Preservation Division. 1994, 62 pp.

B. 016600
T: 37VD-37

The Percy's Victory and International Peace Memorial was established to
cammemarate the naviul victory of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry and the
American leet during the War of 1812 and the lasting peace among Canada, Britain
and the United States, It is located on South Bass Island in Lake Eric, near the
United States and Curiadian boarder. The Nationat Park Service took over
magagement of he Memorial July 6, 1936,

Perry's Victory and Internationa) Seace Memorial. View of Perry's Victory Meroosial under construction and the
East End of South Bays island. (NPS, 1925)

156 CucturaL Lanpscaré BIBLIGGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM



tOweST Recion

a
Se eens
seaig SO
Pareareee Sant
fess REE

eS tivese

Walling. Larry, Jil Cowley, Carey Feievabend, Gary Johuson and Diane
Rheales, Landscape Management Plan, Bathhonse Row, Hot Springs
National Park, Omaha: USDL NPS. 1989, 140 pp. (Annotated)
B: 015541
T: 128-87

Wright. Roben D, and Claude H. O'Gwynn, Existing cad Historic Bathhese
Raw Lanuiscape Study, Hot Springs National Park, Arkaasas, Omaha,
USDL NPS. 1987. 15 pp. (Annarated)

B: 015604
T; :128/D-76

Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (IN)

Quinn Evans Architects. Chetiberg Farm Culmrad Landscape Report. Omaha:
USDI, NPS. 1999, 185 pp.

Wilhelm, Gerould. Special Vegetation of the irdiana Dunes Nationct
fakeshore, Omaha: USDL NPS. 1990, 372 pp.

CompreHensive BisuiocrarHy 21


Miowest Recion

162

Administrative Data, Historic Data. Mield Survey & Existing Data, Option Analysis
and Recommended Option for Treatment.

Adininistrative Data includes an overview of the study methodology. a brict
chronology of the Taft family and the 60 Auburn Avenue address (the birth place
of WH, Tait) followed by a brief history of the Tah family, The methodology of
research for this report included the ceview of microfilm copies of Tatt
corespondence, previous studies of the site, analysis and review of existing resource

material hy NPS, historic topographic maps, anc photographs.

Historical Bata covers ihe historical development of Ciucinnati and the Mount
Aubum ovighborhood where the Tatt family established themselves in 1841. The
house site during the historic period (185 l- 1877, the tine period of Taft occupation}
is characterize as a “Suburban Homestead” due to its qualities of both urban and
nua) landscapes. A review of the landscape Features, topography, and civcularien:
systems during this period arc described through text and photographs. Topography
is considered an important feature because the steep grade affected the layout and
therefore the character of the neighborhood.

Field Survey and Existing Duta records ihe present conditions af the property
which was ucquited by the NPS in 1969. Features covered in this section include
taffi enage und utilities, topography and drainage, vegeiatian, pachs
structures and furnishings, and views,

Option Analyses and Recommended Option for Preservation reviews the treatment
options based on the following criteria: the amount of a oric
documentation for a particular perive, the integrity of extant fabric remaiting fra
vach bistaric period, the historical significance of te period. and maintenance and
interpretive concerns. The recommended treatment option was lo restore 4 portion
of the Jandscape to its appearance during the historic period of the main structure
(185) -1877),

Cuttural, Lanpscare Bisuocrapiiy: RESOURCES IN THE National. Park System



recognizable community and Jocal economy based on logging. shipping and
farming. fn the Wwenticth century, the cstablishment of Fort Casey Military
Reservation added another layer (o the history of the land, A forther twentieth
century ifluence has been the development of the tourist industry on the island.

The final chapter. fhe Place. attempts to synthesize the spirit of the place, I is
considered that the essence and sixmificunce of the al reserve is the blending
ot land, people and time.

‘The Appendix contains information on archacotogical resources and ethnography
SUMMMITY. Nos on the inventory and survey methodalog: ov buulding styles
of the reserve, mayor landforms of the reserve, and 3 sample from the invenury,

Py

MeGreevy. Ulizabeth and Hank Florence, Design Considerations for Historic
Properties, Ebey's Landiny Nesioned Historical Reserve. Seattle: CSD,
NPS, 1985. 19 pp.

B; 012962
C: 02962

‘This brochure is the third in a series of repons which collectively identify, record.
And Suggest appropriate preservation and management strategies for the vernaci
Jandscape of Ubey’s Landing National Historical Reserve.

The specific purpose of this brochure is (9 provide informa clenty of the
reserve and to aid them in the preservation and maintenance of their buildings. The
approach adopted is armed at allowing viable community growth while maintaining
the bistori¢ integrity that forms the basis of ihe reserve's special significance. The
point is made chat (1s nol only the more elaborate buildings that are inyportant to
the reserve, but also the simpler homes. farms. complexes und stops,

‘The cultural landsvape is described in broad leans with the main Jandscape characte
of the Island identified as the woodlands. Coupeville. prairies, coastal sip.
Penn Cove, and uplands. The ten basic standards tor rehabilitation as outlined in
the Secretary of the fatenar’s Stundards for Treatment are listed. Design
considerations for the maintenance, cenuvation. restoration, rehabilitation and
Presets ation af building: sted. The considerations ure made specifically
for barns and outbuildings. resideattal propert aL propertics, new
construction, and Coupeville enwance, The re: as we divided inlo
five building ty pes: vernacular farmhouse (1860-1910). Halianute (1870-1900).
Queen Anne (1880-1905), Bungalow (1910-1930), and Coutage (1920-1950),
Guidance is given regarding appropriate materials, finishes and stains, si Nage,
and additions, Examples are given of appropriate renovation and whit to avoid in
renovation. The guidetin provided sis both text and graphic itlustrations.

es, COMIMELC

{n the final section of the report a checkist of routine maintenance requirements ix
given, which covers wood walls, routs, wall openings. and foundation
is also provided on tax benefits and incentives for cehabilnation of historic buildin:

vawee

Annotatep BisuocraPHy

ic West ReGcion

263



HEAST REGION

218

histori undertook the research. The report fs in three sections: pictortal evidence,
written evidence, and an index.

Pictorial] evidence of the landscape und physical features which were constructed
during the historic period and are extant on the site at the Gime of Lhe report are
presented. The illustrations are reproduced in the report and inclade eagravings
and sketches made prior to, or shortly afer 1800, a scries of photographs made
between 1857 und | $6(), and photographs Laken at the time the report was prepared.

‘The sezond seclion af the report presenis writlen evidence of the bis
Documentary sources jnclude diaries, travelers’ accounts, descriptive warks,
histories of the city, published ordinances, and newspaper advertisements, These
primary sources are reproduced in the report and enable some gencral conclusions
to be drawn regarding the landscape, By 1800, most of he main lhovoughtfares had
been paved, While flagstones were widely used in the mid-vighteenth century, by
1800, the predominant material wus “pebblestone.” Curbs and gutters were also
widely in use. The former were of hewn stone with holes for posts. The latter were
of flagstone or brick. Sidewalks were a)so usually of brick and supported pumps,
streetlights, watchboxes, and strevi signs, Most of the streets were tree-lined,
Lombardy poplar and willow being popular in the late eighteenth century, but with
catalpa and cli also common as street trees,

corte landscape.

The final section of the report provides an index co the pictorial ond written evidence.

eR RH

National Park Service. Historic Grounds Report, Part fon State House Yard.
Philadelphia: LISDI, NPS. 1959, 32 pp.
B: 2174
C: 002174
T: 391D-26

The State House Yard in Independence National Historical Park contains some of
the most important historic structures in the United States, namely Fudependence
Hall, Congress Hall, and City Hall. The square was the scene of large gatherings it.
the critical days before and during the carly part of the American Revolution aid
in [776 John Nixon read the Declaration of Independence from the observatory
platform jn the square.

‘This Historic Grounds: Report for the Stare House Yard contains the administrative
data prepared hy the superiotenden|, and Jandscape data und architectural data
prepared by the historian. The archeological data forms the subject of a separate
report.

The udministraive data recommends that the State House Yard be restored To ue
plan followed by Samuel Vaughun, when he [aid out the square during the years
1784-1787. This was the fiest [arge scale landscape development of the square and
the first where there is specific information on its appearance. The means of
accomplishing the resloralion are outlined.

‘The historical duta section outlines the historical associations of the square and
evaluates its imporlanee, Restoration and development of the Staic House Yard are
considered to be justifiable us contributions to the interpretive program of the park.

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTiONaAL Park SysTem


102 Curtukat LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System



‘Mount Rainier Nationa) Park, Longmice Administeation building with grand landscape backslrop. (NPS, ¢. 1990)

252 Cuttural LANDSCAPE BiBLOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System


is based ve primary documentary sources. The muti
covering the years [867-1925, is based on the annual repons of the Chief of
Engincess, for the period 1925-1933 an reports of the Cammissicner of Public
Buildi and Grounds, and for the period 1933-1967 on material trom the
correspondence files of the National Capital Region.

portion of the nacre

The first major landscaping work at the circle was varried out in 1872. ARLES 1
the landscape between 1872-1933 are described and include drainage. fencing,
flower beds, lighting. benches und a fountain. Trees and shrubs in the circle
also documented from histurical inventories. A seclion of the report deals
specifically with the Dupont memorials. In 1882, a memorial statue 10 Admiral
Dupont, a Union Army Civil War bere, was erected and gave the circle its name.
The statue was removed in 1920 and replaced with a memorial fountain. The
landscaping scheme followed u design approved by the Commission of Fine Arts.

Since 1933, the site has beea under the jucisdichon of the NPS National Capital
Parks aud many chunges have occurred to the site, Kor example. in 1933 new
wulks were completed, concrete coping for the flowerbeds installed. and drinking
fountains und beoches added, Following the discuption caused by the construction
of Ihe road underpass in 1950, Dupont Circk: was re-landscaped and restored to its
original appearance, Changes included the installation of linear benches replacing
earlier single scttees, and the memorial was raised by one foot. clearing the hase of
the fountain so that he inscription was visible. Other changes included the
constuction of steps leading to the fountain und a walk around the lewer busin.
Odiginal site plans, construction drawings, and historival photographs are included
in this report, The final chapter of the cepon describes community use of Dupont
Circle. At the time the report was written (1967), use of the Circle by “beatniks.
hippies, civi] rights demonstrators. LSD users, rock und roll groups and perver
was considered ta be a major problem faving the NPS.

Tt is concluded that the landscape of Dupont Circle has not followed a definite
plan, unlike other parks in the National Capital region. The change. in social starus
is considered to be one of the major allerations to the

ee RRR

Olszewski, George J. Mt Vernun Square, Washington. D.C. Washington, D.C.:
USDI, NPS. 1970. 64 pp.
B: 000936
C: 060936.
Ni 207383/PCANS/MEAOT

The land that Mount Vernon Square now occupies was set aside by an Act of
Congress i 1792 as one of the original seveateen public reservations included in
the L’Enfant and Elliot plans for the City of Washington. The square cavers 2.78
acres and is located hetween 7th and Mh Streets NW, ul the intersection of
Massachuscus aud New York Avenues. This historical sue ed ty provide
the mugagement and interpredve stafls of National Cap’ s Mast and National
Capilal Parks Central with a report documenting the history of the square and
dhusirating its historical siz

ificuner.

AnNoTaTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

PITAL REGION

181


American cities is then tied to dhe development of the national capi
syste. which spans Washington. 2.0), and ito Maryland and Virginia. A ph
description, statement of hivorical significance. and the les fon and cles
history ire presented lor cach of the park ways.

The Rovk Creek and Potomac Parkways share the same history, ds they were
consiructed to link Rock Creek Park und West Potomac Park. The Rock Creek ind
Potomac Parkways were establistied in 1913 and officially opened in 1935, therefore
bey sire the frst roads established through @ park in the District of Columbia.
Officials intewled to preserve a natural arva and provide <1 tansponatiun route
during “rush periods.’ The creation of these parkways preserved toy future
Beneralions a vailey that had been destroyed and subsequently restored, anu made
itattractive for a Sariety' of users aid uses, Present concerns Yocus en pack managers
nying io protect resources while aecommodating higher isthe volunw.

The George Washington Memorial Parkway is one of the most heavily wavelet
parkways in the National Park System, ft proterts a sutbstantial series af resources
along the shares of the Potomue River and permits thousunds of commuters tu
experience a more pleasant drive ua and fram wark. This parkway is made up of
1wo distinct sections, The initial section of (he parkway, Mount Vernon Memorial
Highway, extends 15.2 iniles from the Memorial Bridge to President George
Washingion’s tormer hame. The second section extends 9.7 miles from the
Memorial Bridge io the Capital Beltway/Interstate 495.

Suitland Parkway extends ¥ '4 aniles from the ead of Sout Capital Street bridge to
the junction of Reure 4 in Muryland, linking Andrews Air Borce Base with

Yashinglon, 19.C. The parkway was opened during WW EH, representing a utili
roadway swith design deatures intended to invve traffic expeditiously, but with
elements of designe Intended to convey! a scenic Uriving expert i
of varlier parkwitys.

Running beween the eastern boundary ot ie Distriaa of Columbia cad Baltimore,
the Baithriore- Washiugton Parkway is a 29 mile roure that opened in 1954,
Compared to the oer parkways examined in this resource study, Ihe Baitiniore-
Washington Parkway iy more similar lo a “freeway” than a “parkway.” because it
primarily serves as a high-speed jink beween the ya cities, Therefore, the stidy
defines # as 2 wansitional roadway that bridges early parkway concepts with those
of later freeways and interstaie highways,

The recommendations provided in this study itddress aligamem, grade cro
right-of-way. divided roadways. aesthelic qualities, topogeaphical considerations,
tumour areas, dnd access,

eee ee

ANNOTATED BrstioGRaPHy

Generar Rerorts

327



250

Cutrural. Lanoscare Biaiocraeuy: Resources IN THE National Pakk Systes


history based Gn research of primay sources, historic landscape base plans. detaited
dovumentalion based on National Register criteria, development of a secies of
(seatnent options and a definitive treatment plan, and, finally, development of a
maintenance program.

Information is also given ot the scope of work for improving the interpretation of
the landscape to enrich visitor experience af the site.

Vanderbilt Mansian National Historic Site (NY)

Landsuape Report for Yunderbilt Mansion Nativnal Historic Site, Volume t:
') sting Conditions, aud Anelysés. Cultura) Landscape
Publication No, J, Boston: SDI, NPS, Olrosted Center for Landscape
Preservation, North Auintic Regional Office, Div
Management. 1994. 419 pp,

B. O1700S

382-21

ion of Cultural Resource

| O'Donnell, Patricia M., Charles A, Rirnbaum, ancl Cynthia Zaitvevsky. Cultural

The Vanderbilt Mansion is located in Hyde Park, Duchess County. New York and
bus a two-bundced year Iistory under five venerations of owners. There has been
an impressive continuity over the generations of ownership and a [zycring ot historic
periods, This repart documents the historic appearunce of the estate landscape:
daring the four ownetship periods and as it exists today. This. im tur, provides a
basis for analysis of the continuity and change of the site and establishment of its
significance and integrity. The ownership periods include: Dr. John Bard and Dr.
Samuel Bacd (1764-1799); De. David Hassock with Andee Parmentier as lancscape
desiguer (1828-1835): Waleer S$. And Dorothea Landon ant Walter Laadon Jr,
(1840-1852); Frederick W, and Louise Vanderbilt () 895-1938). and National Park
Service Stewardship (1940-1992).

This report is the first in a series that will serve as a guide for management of the
Vanderbilt Mansion. It will be fotlowed by Volume IT: Treautent Plan that wilt
develop site specific management goals.

The report describes the consectitive owners of the peaperty and the corresponding,
changes 10 the site. The most significant being the Vanderbilt stewardship, during
which almost every structure on ihe grounds was replaced. The evolution of the
estite [andscape ts summarized with a sepurate discussion of the formal garden
evolution.

Aiter the douth of Frederick William Vanderbilt and through several political
nrancuvers. the estate became a National Uistarie Site in (940. ‘The estate was,
opened to the public and was seli-supporting with a 50. cent enuance fee. The NPS.
stewardship is discussed in two separate timetrames 1939-940 and 1956-1990,
During World War Tt there was much disintegration of ihe Vanderhilt site when
both structures and site Features fell into disrepair, Valuable information about chis
period was gained from the (947 Master Plan and the accompunying series af
photographs. [fistorical documentation and research efforts ave documented in.
this chapter with notes regarding activity during World Wat IL. The iater perted of
NPS stewardship discusses plunning and physical changes associated with the ]966
Master Plan and planning und physical changes from 197]-199t. with highlights

244 CULTURA! LANDSCAPE BIBLIGGRAPHY: RESGURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTeh


Crater Lake National Park, Placing 2 specimen wee at Crater Lake Lodge (NPS. ¢
F930)

Chapter 6 describes archacologicul sites isulaicd within Crater Lake Xattonal Park
while Chapter 7 offers a synthesis of colunal developments in the region from the
Palcoindun peril to post-contact times,

Chapier 8 provides three approaches to mocteling the cult
of Crater Lake National Park. The first mode] predicts the occurrence of
archaeological site types on the basis of key environmental vwiables. The second
uses an optina foraging theory to ideanfy wo contrasting resource strategies for
the cemral Orczon Cascactles, corresponding in generat terms to trditional Klamath
and Molata practices. respectively. The third model takes an enic approach to
identify the salient charuwteristics af the Park considered as an Indian sacred
landscape. The chapter concludes with the Jindings of a test of the cm
proce] through limited archaeological survey,

onrancatl

Anxorateo Bisuacrarny

259


212

Documentary data is used to describe the history and ownership of the site from
the time of carli ctilement up until the writing of this report. James J, Wills,
from whom the property takes its name, ownert the farm from 1859 to 1866. Plans
Wlusyating the historig scene at the farm for vartous dates ave included. This section
includes iy Acgrily as 4 cultural landscape, The Wills farm retains
iy high degree of integrity us acuca 1925 cullural landscape. ‘The buildings
which constitute the farm complex reflect this period with few intrusions or
significant losses.

The integiity of the natural and built ent cutside the confines of the farm
complex arc also addressed. Comparison of historical and contemporary maps
show that the gencral character of the property, consisting of open ficlds with
undulating slopes of less thaa cight percent. has remained largely unchanged
1363. Hlcmems of the Landscape that are created or controlled by human activity,
such as fences. crops. and roads have changed. however, the busic terrain upon
which these clements are imposed retaius a high degree of integrity. These extant
features of the landscape arc considered to represent the farm's early eventieth
century appearance.

‘The second section of the report is based on Sield survey data and jnchides a general
sile description and a description of the cight buildings which comprise the Wills
farm compiex. ‘The age, location, design. construction, condition. and use of the
buildings ate summarized, and ifhistrated with photographs,

The field survey section includes a discussion of the primary contributing landscape
elenicats und non-contributing factors. Views, terrain, watercoutses, woadlats,
specimen trees, roads, and crops are considered t be conuibuing elements. Pew
elements are considered! non-contributing. such as two sheds that both post-date
1945, The overhead powerlines, although not a major visual intrusion. are nan-
contributing and their replacement with underground faciinics is suggested. The
Viewsheds are Ure most threatened cleinents within the landscape. Currently. they
rotain a very high degree of imegrity based on their carly twenticth century
appearance, however, fawire Jevelopment (o the north and west could impinge on
these views,

The final chapter of the report takes the form of an analy.
management ailernat . The No Chan

and presents three
e llcrnative recommends stabilization of
xisttng holdings and structures and retcation of tke current tenant lease
awrangements. Public access and interpretation would not be introduced. the
Limited Restoration alternative recommends stabilization of the existing buildings,
deniolition of the uve post [945 buildings and exterior restoration of the site to its
1925 appearance. including reintroduction of historic crops and field fence patterns
and replanting of the orcharc. The existing tenani lease would be retained in a
modified form. Public access would not be introduced, although the property would
be included within the Park interpretative programs.

The [ull Restoration akteynative recommends full restoration of the site (0 ils 1925
appearance. The existing tenant lease would be retained in a moditied form, Limited
public access would be introduced, The farm vould be included in the Park's
in P program.

Cuttura. Lanpscape Biaiocrapny: REsouRvES iN THE NATIONAL Park SyYSTFhi


‘This report provides u preliminary analysis of the historic landscape of the Mission
ni José. Base information was collected, used to understand the historie cor
of the site and evuluated. Recommendations and guidelines for preserving and
enhancing the sile’s kindscape integnity were tormulated, The study was based on
fiekiwork and research undertaken by 4 teu that included a landscape architect,
historical architects. a historian and historical architect, The report begins with an
identification of the site which seis out contextual boundaries (physiographic,
cultural and political) and site boundaries (vegetation. topographic, circulation
and structures),

‘The history of the sic is summarized and divided into six distinctive periods: Iniual
Period (1721-1765) as establishment of the Mission: Zenith Period (1765-1824)
of fortification and rebuilding; Rural Period (1824-1924) of secularization of the
onisston with lands and buildings appr: and regranted to both Indians and new
owners, Restoration Period (1924-1941) when a county, state and federal works
project wus instigaied by the San Antonio Conservation Society in 1924. ‘Fhe
restoration was overseen in the 1930s by the Civil Works Admimmistration (CWA)
and then the Works Project Administeation (WPA), State Management Period (1941-
1978). with the transfer of the Mission to State supervision; and Federal
Management Period (1978-present) establishment of the San Antonio Mission
National Historizal Park, and management by the NPS.

The significance of the site 1s evaluated. Tie Mission has been designated a Nauonal
Historie Site (1941), National Historic Lanctmark (1970) and listed of the National
Register of Historic Places (1988). The site represcotative of lhe
Spanish colonial era and also tor the 1930 WPA restoration. It possesses historic
landscape significance on a national level according t& three National Register
criteria:

significam 4

Criterion A—M
expansion into Te:

On San José is integrally linked with Spain's.
and the southwest,

ixicenth century

Critevion © Tt embodies 4 distinct
methous of construction ci

cal landscape organization as well as
acteristic of the Spanish colonial mission in ‘Texas,

Criterion D—It has yielded and bas a high potential w yield, valuable informati
about Spanish colonial sculement patterns and landscape organization in the San
Antonio region of Texas.

Mission San José cctains historic landscape integrity in the areas of location. design,
setting. materials, workmanship. fecling and association,

Based on the analysis and evaluation of significant historic kindscape features and
components identified by this research. including a vis sis, the report
concludes with a series of recommendations itended 10 provide an appropriate
framework and programmatic basis for the preservation, maintenance, and
imerpretation of the site. The recommendations address stabilization and
preservation, and cncourage preservation of a number of the siguificant layers oa
the site. rather than the restoration of any one historical periud, The removal of
non-historic components is considered ang recommendations are made for areas.
outside the site's boundary, where conditions threaten the site's historic integrity.
Areas where avw construction may he appropriate arc designated

ANNOTATED BipuiocraPHy

OUNTAIN REGION

123


Nationa Carita. Recion

National Capital Parks - Central. [istoric avrial view of the Lincola Menierial grounds when vompletel, (¥
1934)

164 GuLTURAL LanpscaPs BietioGrartiy: RESOURCES IN tHe NATIONAL Park System



Paciric West Recion

archeological evidence of pre-historic resources, Historically, the area ¥
discovered by nineweuth century naturalists who hiked or rode horseback to th
coastal area 10 observe marine mammals, pick wild strawbermics and enjoy the
view from the chifs. The arca became a popular San Francisco seaside recreationat
destination for urban Uwellers and visitors following the completion of Point Lobos
Avenue in the 1860's. The district's development ocenrs from this time unt! 1298,
with the death of its developer, Avotph Suro, The section conchides with a summary
of modifications to the site made throughout the oventieth century unt] acquisition
by the National Park Service in 1977. Three period maps which reflect existing
conditions for the yeurs 1867. 1888, and 1910, ave incleded within this section.

A sominary of the inventory and documentation process is presented in narrative
text, and is keyed to nine maps, Each map includes the five major arcas of the
district: Sutto Heights, the Cliff House site, Point Lobos Avenue/Great Hi
Condor, Sure Baths site, ant Lands End. Each tap reflects the surviving character-
defining features or sysicms and the non-conoibuling features or systems For the
following features: buikdings and structures, circulation, wpographic modifications
(non-conWibuting . vegetation (non-contribating), small-scale clemems and
systems, viewpuints, and natural systems and features. Two additional maps
synthesize conuibuting and non-contributing features listed in the previous
categones.

‘The analysts and evaluation portion contains Paragraphs, which summat the
a; pe iods of

er criter A, B.C, and D. The periad
of signiftcance fox the Sutro Ristorie Disuict encompasses seventy-five years,
beginning with the development of the site i 1863 and ending in 193%, at the
death of Satco's dau

in ass if Ihe conuitions of the district. cultural landscape areas are determ
to be in either good (functional and mainiained), fair (luactional and/or nainimal
maintenance). or poor (junction is compromised and Jitte ot no maintenance)
condition. The condition assessment is used (o determine the existing level of
maintenance and care of the 1992 cultural landscape. Oaly a brief paragraph
regarding this is included in this report: conditions are not assessed at the feature
level. Tt was deterruined that overall, the disiriet exhibils a level of management
and niaintenance that resuil ina condiion of fair. The imeg sessinent includes
surmary paragraphs for each of the calcgones Naat reflect integri
setling. materials, workmanship. feeling, and associauon. The CLR proce:
determined that the Sutro Historic Distiict still retains essential characteristics that
detmed i neral character during the period of significance, aithough some
structures, vegetation. and land uses ave changed since the period of significance,

The CLR includes a section containing photographs of exiting conditions. In
addition. an extensive bibliography incluctes citations of books, joumals, periodicals,
newspaper articles, pamphtets. government documents. unpublished materials, and
archeological resource Mudies, Graphic sourees are cre 3 photagvaphic
and map collections, as weil as citation of individual histartc photographs, historic
postcards, and histosic and contemporary maps used i preparation of the CLR.

ak een

276 CururaL Lawbscaré BieiaGraeny: RESOURCES tN THE NaTiowAL Park System


mining heritage. and the management of parks established to commemorate mining
events. Specific sites included are the Klomlike Gold Rush National Historical
Park, Rush Historic District-Buftulo National River. Black Diamond Mines [listoric
Miniug Area, and the Western Museum of Mining.

Case Studies: Cuse studics illustrate examples of survey, evahtalion and
documentation of historic mining sites, and an example of the use of computer
generated mapping (o assess impacts of a proposed mining project in the Comstock
Historic District, The appendix contains general bibliographies related to the history
and historical archaeology of western mining and inventories of historic ining
sites from HADSALARR and Nationa] Register databases.

aehey

Cart, than. Wilderness by Design: Landscape Architecture & the National Park
Service, Lincoln aad London: University Press. 1998. 375 pp.
T. Y9D-1277

Wilderness by Design: Lundseape Architecture & the National Park Service
examines the place of our national and state parks in the larger cantext of the
American park movement and in the history of landscape architecture. Published
by the University of Nebraska Press in 1998, this 375-page illustrated book traces
park planning and design practices trom their origins in the design of private stares
and municipal parks to their application in larger scenic reservations, particularly
in Grand Canyon, Glacier, and Mount Rainier national parks, and the state parks
developed dining the New Deal. Wilderness by Design demonstrates that by drawing
on historical anteyedents, landscape architects and planners carefully crafted each
addition to inaintuin maximum picturesque effect,

The buak is based on four years of rescaseh that included visiting more han seventy-
five parks in the thirty-two states. Through the research, eight historic landscapes.
were identified as some of the finest examples of what National Park Service
landscape archilects achieved in the 1920s and 1930s. These were subsequently
nominated for National Historic Landmark status and so designated by the Secretary’
of the Intevior, thereby serving as models for other historic landscapes in the national
park system thal are vligible for landmark status.

mak EH
Krakow, Jere L. Historic Resource Study: Roc
George Wushington Memorial Parkwi
Washington Parkway, Washington, D,
B: 01467]
T: 850/D-84

ek and Potomar: Parkway,
Suitland Parkway. Baltimore-
SDI, NPS, (99), 149 pp.

This hislorie resource study examines the development of Washington, D.C. area
parkways. A historic context is established for these parkways as well as other
parkways within the United States, This study was decmed nvvessary to mitigate
potential threats 1 historic park ways caused by increasing pressure from cormuter
uses. These historic parkway's, designed 10 fit the concours of the natural landscape.
were intended for icisure use and as routes connecting federal installations, The
study begins by presenting an overview o! parkway design ancl its evolution from
the nid-29th century trough the niid-20th century. Parkway development in other

326 Cuturat Lanoscare BiBiiocrapry: RESOURCES IN THE Narionat Park Syste



Inashima, Paul ¥. 32, 174

Independence National Historical Park 54
Iris-Williams, Peter 61, 232

Ivey, Jake 13, 124, 125

J

Jacob, Judith 44

Jacobs, Scott 46, 50

James & Juarez, Architects 13, 126, 128

Jester, Thomas C. 98

John Milner Associates, Inc. 36, 51, 52, 65, 178, 182, 211, 242
Johnson, Bart 33

Johnson, Gary 21, 147

Jonnson, James E., Dr 98

Johnson, Kris 85

Jones & Janes Architecis 80, 300

Jones, Kitkland L, 9

Joseph, Eric 47

Joseph, Maureen DeLay 12. 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 39, 119, 165. 173, 174, 179
Judge, James W. 9, 140

K

Kane and Carruth 48. 204
Karson, Robin 91

Keller, Genevieve P- 98

Keller, J. Timothy 968

Keohan, Thomas G. 10, 112
KFS Cultural Resources Group 53
King. Thomas F. 100
Kiryakakis, James G. 54

Kise. Franks & Straw 216
Kneedler-Schad, Lynn 46, 198
Kanieczny, Mary 54

Krakow, Jere L. $2, 326
Kresseox Associates 31
Krueger, Keith 19, 145

Kuehn, Daniel R, 63, 237
Kumble, Peter A, 9, 141
Kuykendatt, Nat 29, 167

L

Lacy, Katharine 44, 46, 50, 53, 57, 196, 198, 200, 223

Lagemann, Robert L, 29

Lambert, Ban 66

Land and Community Associates 13, 18, 20, 24, 36, 36. 61, 65, 74, 75, 80, 126,
128, 746, +58, 178. 182, 240, 274. 275, 360

Land Ethics, Inc. 37, 65, 242

Landscape Systems Inc. 10

LANDSCAPES 23, 47, 65, 154

Lane Frenchman & Associaies 51, 209

Lasko, Rick 9

Cawliss, Lucy A. 83, 87. 305, 317

LeCoff, Tina Yan Dyke 50, 208

AuTuor inoex 347


NortTHEast

Appomattox Court House Nationa! Historical Park {VA}

Cauble. Frank PL Calturat Histors os of 1865 of the Vitage Green in
Appometiox Cart House. Appomattox, Vii: CSDL NPS. Appomattox
Comi House National Historic Park, 1959. 45 pp.

B: 001471
C; OO1S71

The Morris Arborenmm and Nahonal Park Service. Historic Con Village
Vegetation daventory and Management Plan, Poiladelpbia: USD. NPS.
Chesapeake Systems Support Office. 1997.

Boston National Historical Park {MA}

Bearss. Rdwin C, Chartestowa i

orical Park, Massachusi
‘ashingion. D.C., USDILN:

B; 01289)

T: 457/D 26

Yard. 1800-1842: Baston National
Historical Resource Studs, 2 vol,
» 1984. Td pp.

Brockway. Lucinda A, and Patvice A, Tadiseo. Charlestiun Navy Yard: Historic
Grinds Management Plan, Boston: USDA. NPS, 1985. 166 pp.
tAnnotated)

B: K02H4
T: 457/D-6157

Child Associates. Inc.. Cynthia Zaitzevsky, Bryant Associ
and Aldrich, Inc. Culturat Landscape Report. Dorchestel
Park, Baston Natiomed Historical Park, South Bustan, Massachusetts.
Boston: USDL NPS, 1993. 225 pp.
B; OUSIS
T: d57/D-86

Coflin, Margaret, and Charles Pepper. Landscape Preservation Mainteaunce
Plan. Bunker Hill, Boston DM, NPS. Olmsted Center te

Preservation. 1993, 100+ pp.

Bolan, Susan. Removing Barriers to Equal Access within Cultured Landscape
Preservation: A Philasophy and Process for tre Planning and Desivn of
Equal £3 cat Preserved, Cultural Landscapes,
Projec! ly of Oregon, 1996, 214 pp.

nn, Alane and Merrill Ana Wilson, States Report, Auchor Park,
Charlestown Navy Yat, Boston National Historical Park, Boston,
Massactisens, Denver: USDI. NPS. 1979, 2] pp.

B: 010137

T: 450-7

Hany, Barbara. Duff McCully, Charles Peppec and Kirsten Thornton. Zirferass
Preservation dtuintenaice Plan, Baste Natranal Histarical Perk. Boston.
USD. NPS. Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservabon 1996, H+ pp.

Comprenensive BIBLIOGRAPHY 45


wa = Landscape Lines 5: Graphic Documentation. Washington. D.C.:
USDI, NPS, Park Histone Structures & Cultural Landscapes Program.
4998, 35 pp.

Landscape Lines 6: Geophysical Survey Technignes, Wi
SDJ, NPS, Park Jhstorie Strctures & Culural Landsea
Program, 1998, 12 pp.

AION,

— — —- bandscape Lines 3: Pollen, Phytotiih. and Mucroflora Aualvses
Washington, 2.C.: USDI, NPS, Park Historic Sauctures & Cultural
Landscapes Program. (998. 1h pp.

Loniscape Lines 8: Tree Coring, Washington, D.C. USD, NPS,
listoric Structures & Cultural Landscapes Program. 1998, 4 pp.

_ _ _.- taudscape Lines 9: Surveys. Washington. D.C. USBI, NPS, Park
ifistoric Structures & Cultural Landscapes Program. 1998. & pp.

a Faurdseape Lines 10: Geograptic information Systems, Washington,
D.C. USDE NPS, Park Historic Structures & Cultaval Landscapes
Program, 1998. 8 pp.

———. Landscape Lines 11+ Globat Positioning Svsecras. Washington, D.C:
USDI. NPS. Park Historic tures & Cultural Landscapes Program.
1998, 3 pp.

. —  Landseupe Lines 12: Treatmewt of Plant Features, Washington.
USDI, NPS, Park Historic Structures & Culluwal Landscapes:
gram. WOR, 1? pp.

——_. Lendscape Lines 13: Accessibitity. Washington, D.C.; USDI. NPS.
Park Historic Structures & Cultural Landscapes Program. (998. [2 pp.

Landscape Layies f4: Catatuging, Pristing. and Oistrincion.
ington, D.C; USDL NPS, Park Historic Structures & Cultural
capes Program. 1993, 7 pp.

Lands

— — a. Cutuirat Resource Management Guideline, No, §, Washington.
D.C. USDE, NPS, History Division. 1997. 2504 pp.
'Y: 999MD-1322

— . Recording Historic Structeres & for the Historic American
Engineering Record. Washington, 1).C.: USIH, NPS, Cuhural Resources
ecring Record, tyO6,

Critena for Evaluation, Washington 0.C.. USDL NPS, Culture
Resources Divis
T: 99O/D-1289

_ — —. Resource Management Plan Guideline: Strategic and Tactical
Planning jor @ Resource Management Proxram, Washington, D.C. USDI,
NPS, 1994. 82 pp.

» Avcesstbiltty Checktist for Historic Propertics, Washington, D.C:
SDI NPS, Preservauon Assistance Division. 1992. 15 pp

ComPREHENSIVE BiBLiOGRAPHY



IORTHEAST REGION

Salem Maritime National Historic Site (MA)

Coffin. Margaret, and Charles Pepper, Lanedscupe Preservation Maintenaice
Prograta for Salem Maritone National Historie Site. Boston: CSDI, NPS,
Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation, 1993. 350 pp.

Kuehn. Daniel R., Walton Stowell and Arthur L. Sullivan. Historic Siructeres
Report Part I, Administrative. Historical, and Landscape Data, the
Narhonne House and the Chaise House. Washington, D.C.: USDE NPS.
1965, $1 pp. (Annotated)

B: QOD774
Ce OT74
T: 37MD-TS

Snell, Charles W. Historic Base Maps, Sulem Maritime National Historic Site,
Denver; USDI. NPS. 1977, 117 pp, tAanorated)
B: 0156)5
T: 373/D-\204

Saratoga National Historical Park (NY)

Colfin, Margaret, and Charles Pepper. Landscape Preservation Maintenance
Program. Schuyler House. Saratoga National Historical Park. Boston:
CSDI, NPS. Olmsted Center for landscape Preservation. 1992. 100 pp.

Comprevensive BisiocRarHy §3


influence the choice of management vptinn include ation to visual continudly.
the perceived sense of connection between areas including the seams between
different units, material continuity in lencing, wilkways, signage and vegetation;
thematic claticy, the clear definition between contemporary or administeative
facilities and specific historic resources; and the abilities of existing maintenance:
resources to achieve desired goals.

This cosearch forms the tirst part of « wider study, leading to the implementation
of selected aluzmatives. ‘The appendices contain two additional papers by other
authors on vegetation options and a profile of the original plant communities ac the
site, A comprebensive bibliography is also included.

Yosemite National Park {CA)

Land and Community Associates, aud Junes & Jonus Architects. Yosemite Vidley
Criturat Landscape Report, Yosemite National Park, Califomia. 2 Vols.
Seattle: USDT, NPS, 1994, 400+ pp.

RB: 017066
T: 104-D-493

Yosemite Valley is a significunt cultural landscape associaied with the history of
wilderness and seenic pratcction in (he United States. Throughout its history, the
goals of preservation and visitor access have presented a conflict between cultura)
and natural resources. Over the years, various adininiswative policie ae attempted
le uddress and resolve [hese contlicts, As a result, bumnan use and ounagement of
the vulley has been marked by change; it has never been constant, ‘his CLR
contributes to the Yosemite Valley roulti-year re-develapment program: being refined
in 1994,

The CLR is bound in two volumes. Volume One contains the introduction and site
history, including maps thac nwencory cultural landscape features lor each of the
study areas” periods af significance. Volume Two contains the existing conditions
inventory and documentation, and treatment recommendations. Five study areas
are identified and include Valley-wide, Ahwahnee Hotel, Curry Village, Yosemite
Lodge, and Yosemite Village.

Overall, the Yosemite Valley CLR identities important intervelationships between
landscape characteristics. as well as identifying individual contributing features,
and establishes the integrity anc signiticance of the valley landscape. The CLR
finds thal the current bandscape reflects the on-going conflict between providing,
valley access and preserving natural wonders, The first tourists visited the vattoy
in (853, drawn hy tales of a thousand-foot waterfall, Settlers and entrepreneurs
made their way Fo Une Yosemite Valley svon thercaftes. Two hotels were located on
the valley floor by 1857 and informal camping wok place until the 1870's, when
the first public cumpgsound was cstablished near the current site of the Ahwahnee
Hotel. Since that time. the issues of preserving natural resources of the park and
providing for visivor aecess have heen at adds in the matagement planning and
implementation provess of Yosemite Valley,

The valley’s cultural fandscape resources reveal Considerable intarmation
concerning the changing conservation anc natural resource management policies

Curturat LANDSCAPE BieLioGrapHy: Resources IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM



NOISAY LSSMCIIA]



328

McClelland, Linda Flint. Building the National Parks. Historic Landscape
Design and Construction. Ballivnore & London: The John Hopkins
University Press. 1998. 85+ pp.

Butiding the National Parks; Historic Landscape Design and Construction, is an
updated edition of McClelland’s Presenting Nantre: The Historic Landscape Design
uf the National Park Service. 1976 to 1942.

Building the National Parks is a comprehensive history of the policy. principles.
and practices of landscape design through which the natural parks of the National
Park System became accessible to cver-inercasing numbers of visitors. Weiaen
primarily from the perspective of landscape architecture, the book twaces the
evyhition of the naturalistic ethic for park design in the United States from Downing
and Olmsted to early twentieth-century practitioners Henry Hubbard and Frank
Waugh and finally lo the designers of nauonal and state parks.

Early chapters chronicle the contributions that the park scevice's first landscape
engineers- -Charles P, Panchard, Daniel &. flail, and Thomas C. Vint- made toa
distinctive style and standards of design for roads. trails, and park villages based
on natural principles and native materials, The book highiigitts events such as
the [926 cooperative agreement with the Burau of Public Roads that enabled
national pask designers to build state-of-the-art roads while preserving park scenery
and harmonizing built featares with che natural setting of each park, It closely
examines the major design trends tht were in plave by the 1930s, including a
process of master plutming that guided park development, principles of rustic
architcetive thal epsured harmunious construction and design. and practices of
Jandscapt: nalnralization wheseby native trees, shrubs. and wildflowers were
préserved or planted to erase the scay's of construction and create the illusion that
nature was undisturbed.

Several chapters examine the New Deal cra, 1933 to 1942, when the park system
greatly expanded, aad planning and construction in national parks proceeded on
an unprecedented scale through programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC) and Public Works Administration, During this decade of progress. the
National Park Service also directed the work of the CCC in state and loval parks
and helped forge a state and federal patinership for outdoor secteation, Examining
national park clesign and construction sisce 1940, a final chapter covers the World
War If era. the modernism of Mission 66, and the shift in emphasis from sceacry
preservation (9 environmental protection during the Favironmental Era.

eueer

McCicland, Linda Flint. Presenting Nature: The ffistorte Landscape Destgn of
the National Park Service, 1946 ta 1942. Washington, D.C.: USDI. NPS.
interagency Resources Division. National Register of Historic Places. 1993.
44 pp.

B: 017408
T: 999/D-97@

This gaudy was developed by the National Register of Historic Phaces, Interagency
Resources Division. of the National Park Service, prinkaily to encourage nominalion
of historic park landscapes. contained within national and state parks, to the National

Cuvtural LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY, RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL ParK System


NOIDAY LSVAHLNOS



waeuee

Finh, Tan JW. Biotic Calturel Resaunces: Management Considerations far
Histaric Districts in the Naciimal Park System, Southeust Region. Anant:
LSID}, NPS, 1985, 73+ pp.

B; O15621
T: 210/D-60

Biotic cultural resomees are comma of plants id animals associaled with
human settlentent and land use in histone districts. Gardens, orchards, woodtats,
fields. ponds, and pasture aze all biotic resources, They are considered t be cultural
biotic resources because they are the produces of land use and management as
oppused lo native vegetution and wildlife, which ure natural resources.

The ain of this resource management report is to provide some guidance for
preserving biewe cultural resources within the framework of the NPS Cultural
Resources Management Guidcline, The recommendations ave based on a review
of existing nianagement issues and practives within the Saumbeast Region of the
National Park Service.

Sections one and two of the report describe (he unique character of biotic cultural
sesources, aid oultine the distinctions belween the preservation ef natura] and
cultural resources and the differences between abiotic und biotic cultural resources:
Jn section three, Mandards for the preservation anu restoration of biotic cultural
sespurees are reconmiended, based on the concepLof integrity. Section four discusses
the evaluation of historical significance, using examples from the Southeast Region.

The Seasibilny of a preseevation or resturation strategy depends on the availuble
historical infurmation, an ability lo recover past characteristics and io maintain
those. characteristics. In sections five. six and seven. these issues are exdanined
with seferences ty preservation and restoration projecss in the Smmbeast Region.

Where iCis not feasible to preserve ur restore at bigti¢ cultural resource, alternative
ways of managing a landscape nist be found. Section cight discusses three
alternatives: replicement with an equivulent community. replacement with a
grassland commuttity, aud release ta allow the recum of native vegetation.

Awe E

National Park Serviee in association with the Georgia Trust for Flistoric
Preservation, A Guile to Sustainable Karchworks Management (90% Drafti.
Philadelphia: USIDI, NPS. (998. 150 pp,

Earthworks, also known uy fieldworks or curtlen fortification
throughout American iilils 4 form of Uefense. Today, hundred of tinear miles
of battle carthworks survive in landscapes cust of the Misséssippi River, ullhough
they are offen only a fraction of their original sive and extent. The effects of natural
processes, primarily erosion, have been overlain by the consequences of hunuan
activity, which ranges from the indirect results of urbanization in the vicinity of
earthworks ta direct impitels of ierpretive. recreational, and Jandscape mainlenance
activites. These threats place many of the earthworks in danger of degradation or
Joss over time.

have been asec

Annotate BisuiocRaPHy

337


This bibliography includes unpublished and published reports that offer general
and specific information about cultural landscapes within the National Park System.
These reports include landscape histories. cultura] landscape reports. treatment
plans and vegetative plans: general reports such as historic resource studies,
architectural histories or ethnographic overviews thut contain pertinent landscape
information; aad technical guides offering direction on specific landscape Features
such as cathworks or biotic cultural resources. as wel] as National Register Bulletios.
and Landscape Lines, The experience and judgement of NPS regional or support
office historival landscape architects was wed ta determine which generat reports
and technical gues contained pertinent cultural landscape information.

Types of information not cited in this bibliography include culrural handscape
inventories, articles, and historic resource studies of architectural histories
determined to not comain pedinent cultuyal landscape intormation.

The NPS intends to update and reprint this publicatiun on a periodic basis to inchude:
newly identified reports and future research efforts,

Retrospective

Althongh both the 1992 document and this bibliography offer information on NPS.
collural Jandseape research. substantial changes have occurred over the last eight
years io the field of cultural dandscape ceseanch, Some of these changes include the
nuinber and type of reports prepared, consistency in format and content, as well as.
detail not seen in previous decades of research,

The sheer oumber of cultural landscape documents is astounding. The &
the next page indicates that in the 1980s, reports dealing with cultural landscapes
increased more than fivefold from the previous decade, Between 1990-1999. the
number of reports produced exceeded the total number of reports created since the
beginning of NPS cultural lundscape research in 1918, These nurnbers alone indicace
the fucreasedl emphasis and value placed on fandscape resources in the
Foture research and reports will serve to define a stronger preservation ethic for
cultura] fandscapes ensuring their perpetuation for furure generations.

Atthe time of publication of the [992 Cultural Landscape Bibtiograpiry, there was

research, inventory, documentation, analysis and treatment of the resources over
an vighty-year period. Early reports included historic grounds reports, landscape

sections within historic suuctures reports, documentation of historical base maps.
historic groundeover reports and special site/garden histories. The recent
standardization of Cultural Landscape Report (CLR) content has created acontinuity
actress reports which reflects currem thinking on cultural landscape research,
documentation, analysis and treatment.

With CLR content continuity, the ps cars have also brought an increased
understanding of cultural landseape resources, The greatest advance has been the
recognition of the dynamic quafities inherent in a landscape: the role of bath watucal
and constructed systems and features, which comprise ibe syste.

CutturaL Lanpscape BiauiograpHy: RESOURCES JN THE National Park System



64

Gordon. Nancy M. The Saratoga Battlefield: A Vexetutive History. Saratoga:
USDI, NPS. 1487, 33 pp.
B: 400288

Hohmam, Heidi, and Emily Russell. Cuftural Landseupe Report for Saratoga
National Historical Park. (Draft). Boston: USDI, NPS, 1995. 112 pp.

Letmian, Stuart W. A Well Cultivated Dumuwur: A Documentary Study of
Farming on the Schuvter Estates. Saratoga: USDI, KPS. 1986, 36 pp.
(Annotated)

B: 400335

Shinioda, Jerry Y. Historie Roud Repari, Restoration of Historic Roads.
Saratoga National Historical Roads, Saratoga National Histovicul Pork.
Part t, Saratoga: USDI. NPS. 1965. 15 pp.

B: 000843

Snetl. Charles W. Historical Outline for Histarical Base Maps- Drawings NP.
SAR-2014, Surataga Nationat Bartlesield, Savatoga: USBI. NPS. L935),
23 pp. (Annotated)
B; O1SGI8.
‘Y. 374-22

_ ____. A Report on the Ground Cover at Saratoga National Ristorival Puch,
October 8, 1777. Sarmoge: USDI, NPS. 1949. $5 pp.
B: 010494
Cc 101494

Surach, Stephen G. The Saratoga Estate of Phitir Setevter, 1745-1839:
Interpretive and Historic Grounds Report, (Diaf), Saratoga:
1986, 116 pp.

B: 400287

Torres, Louis. dHistorie Resource Study, Barber Wheat Field, October 7, 1777,
Saratoga National Hitstarie Park. Denves: USDI, NPS. 1974, 73 pp.
fAnnoteted)

RB: 010496

C: 010496

T. S74iD-542,

Nz 27582 2/PCAQS/MPAO |

Wivte. Linda M. A Grounds Report of the General Philip Schuyler Home at
Old Saratoga. Sarstoga: USDI, NPS. 1982. 10 pp. (Aunotated)
B: G12841

Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site (MA}

McDowell, Ruth B. Seventeenth Ceaner
dron Works National Historie Site, Mas
B: 016142

ingtand Garden Herbs. Saugus
faserts. N,p.: USDI, NPS. ad.

National Park Service. Spucinen Tree Management Pla, Saugus Tron Works,
Netionat Historie Site, “Boston: USDi, NPS. Olmsted Center for
Landscape Preservation, 1992, 75 pp.

Curturat Lanoscare BisuiocraPHy: Resources iN THE National Park System


Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Arca. Filming at Puramounr Ranch. (NPS, maf.)

70 Cucturac Lanpscare BiguocrarHy: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionAL Park SYSTEM



ENPS. tj

214

Hampton National Historic Site. Parterre LL with Mi

eee Eee

nolia X seulangiana in blaom a Marytarel State champion,

Hampton National Historic Site (MD)

Snell, Charles W. Historic Strnctire Report-Historical Date Section, Hampton
Muasion and Garden, 1783-1909. Denver: USDI, NPS. 1980, 289 pp.
B: B12189
C: 012189
T: 390/1- 1650

Hampton is un example of she lavish Georgian mansions duilt in America during
the latter part of the eighteenth century. [twas designated a National Historie Site
in 1948 anu covers Sixty-two aeres,

This section of the historic structures report cuntains the historical data for the
mansion and the grounds, The data on the mansion also covers other structures on
the grounds such as the stable, vrangery, greenhouse, icehouse, and other
outbuildings. This aunotalion concentrates on the grounds section. which is ihe
most relevant 10 cultural landscape research, The report, prepared by a historian,
documents the history of the gardens and is based an research of primary sources,
notably of collections of the Ridgely papers, which comprise account books, lelgers,
journals, cash books, time books, and other papers,

Joformation is provided on the garden and additions, alterations, and new plantings
nndertaken by successive generations of ihe Ridgely farnily between 1784 and
193%. The development of the formal flower garden at its present site on the

GurTural LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Parx SysTeM


General REPO!

sell-back. details ov the various methods of acquisition are given It is considered
that within any one Rural Historic Dis a combination of several methods will
be requiredt to en effective protection and imanagement

The final chapter of the report outlines the form and content of a Cultural Landseape
Repon.

AnNotaTep BieuioGraPHy 334


Andrew Johnson Nationai Historic Site (TN)

Lawliss, Luc, Brian Monis, and Ruthanne 1, Mitchell. Calteral Landscape
Report, Audrew fohinyon Nattonat Cemetery. Andrev: dohasun National
Histor: te. Greenville. Tennessee, Manta: USD, NPS, Southeast
Regional Office, Culwrat Resources Planning Division. 1993. 3) pp.
B: OYF253

Ff 365-1. 16

i Andrew Johnsen National Cemetery ts part of the Andrew John
{listoric Site in Creem We, Tennessee which consists of lwo homes, the (
and the burial place of Johnson. Andrew Johnson's daughter decded the s
Feder nine in 1898. Her intent was to preserve the site as a memorial to
ber father. the 17th President of the United States. The cemetery consists of a
¢ hill composed of approximately fifteen acres. more than three-quarters of
which exceeds a 15% slope. the slope has contributed to the problem af site
nuntenance over time, The site was used during the Crvil War as “Signal Hill”
duc to the panoramic view of the countryside from the summit,

ss

The purpose of this report is to “provide lhe purk with a tardseape plun which
identifies the significant extant historic landscape features and makes
eecommrendations for their preservation and protection,” The evolution of the
cemetery is documented. integrity of historic features are evaluated and the
significance of the landscape is determined, The methodology used for this study
includes a review of archival documents. reparis, histories, plans and drawings
along with site visits Wevaluate the integrity of the extant historic landscape features,

Southeast REGION

Andrew Johnson

Annotareo BrattoGrarny

fonal Historic Site. Cencral Devetnpment Plan for dhe Andrew Johnson Cemetery. (NPS, 1908s

305



Oregon Caves National Monument (OR}
Point Reyes National Seashore {CA} ..
San Juan Island National Historical Park {WA} ........ —
Sanla Monica Mountains National Recreation Area {CA}
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks {CA}... ......
Whitman Mission National Histonc Site (WA)...........
Yosemile Natonal Park (CA)...

Soutneast REGION...

Andrew Johnson National Historic Site {TN}...
Glue Ridge Parkway (NC. VA}...

Cape Hatleras National Seashore (NC)...
Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site (NC)
Charles Pinckney Naltonal Hrstonc Site (SC) .. ....
Chrisbansted Naliqnal Historic Sile (VI) ..
Cowpens Nationa! Battlefield (SC) ............
Cumberland Island Nalional Seashore (GA}..
Fort Donelson National Battlefield (TN) .......
Fort Frederica National Monument (GA) .. -
Great Smoky Mountains National Park {NC, TN).
Jean Lafitte Natonal Historical Park and Preserve (LA) ...
Jimmy Carter National Historic Site (GA} ..

Kings Mountain National Military Park (SC)
Marlin Luther King, Jr, National Historic Site (GA)
Natchez National Historical Park (MS)
Ocmutgee National Monument (GA).
San Juan National Historic Site (PR)
Shitoh National Mitilacy Park (TH)
Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site (AL) .
Tuskegee Institute Nationat Historic Site (AL)
Wrighl Brothers National Memerial (NC) ....

Generar REPORTS ..

TECHNICAL INFORMATION 00. .cccceccescsserssssserrsassseesnsctetsesceeteecue 95
Section Two: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ALASKA REGION ......cccccccssessesseesseeeesetsectsestersessecaseencceetsees 103
Sika National Historical Park (AK) ... we 105

INTERMOUNTAIN REGION 0.00... ccscssecsceseeccsestecneesecereettceeesecsree 107
Capitol Reef National Park (UT) ..
Chaca Culture National Historical Park (NM)
Chamizal National Memorial (TX) ..
Chiricahua National Monument (AZ)
Fort Laramie National Historic Sile (WY!

Grand Canyon National Park (AZ) .. sesneeeeeeeeee gate wee WAS
Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site (MT) ..... 116
Guadalupe Mountains National Park (TX) . . see VIP
Hubbell Trading Post Nattonal Historic Site (AZ)... eecccsses cose geese ceerennee 118
Pecos National Historical Park (NM)... ssc cceseesccneesens ceneess cote eeenseneeenenvenes 119)

Cuvturat Lanoscape Brauiograrny: Resources m THE National Park SysTEM


fhe principle historic teatures identified by this report mclude: the entrance drive
and gates. the lodge. the stable. the monument, the Nagstaff and walk, the cemetery
grounds and the concrete wall. Based on the results of this study, three landscape
Management zones are proposed: a historic zone, within which most of the
significant histori¢ landscape featur 5 adevelopment zone, where additional
grave sites are possible: and a buffer zone beoween the historic and development
zones,

‘The primary ficance of the comelery is as a designed historic landscape
associated with the memorialization of Andrew Johnson, 17th president of the
ioited States. The sive was placed on the National Register of Historic Place in

and/or restore ¢:

nt historic Features most important to tbe site, General
syecommendations are given followed by detailed recommendations for the historic
zone,

Blue Ridge Parkway (NC, VA)

Firth, las J AV, Historic Resonrces Siudy —itlve Ridge Parkway, (Dratt), Attantat
USDI, NPS, Southeast Regional Office. 1992. 236 pp.

The Blue Ridge Parkway connects the Shenandoah National Park. in Virginia.
with tbe Great Smoky Mountains National Park. in Tennessee and North Carolina
spanning a distance of 470 miles and compromising 90,000 acres of land, mostly
along the Blue Ridge of the Southern Appalachian Mountains, The Parkway not
only includes one long, continsous ribbon of land surrounding the carefully
designed road. but also contains fiftcen recreational parks atong the way.

The purpose of this study is to identity and evaluate all of the park's cultural
yesources, excluding archacolugical and ethnographic resources. Qne of the goals
af the study is to update che National Park Service List of Classified Swuctures,
The dudy conttins chapters regacding ibe historic context, description, significance
and integrity.

The bistoric context is divided into four periots of parkway development: th
Century Urban Parkways; 20th Century Suburban Parkways, Rural National
Parkways: and {igh Speed Parkways.

Five categories are defined to describe the physical components of the Parkway:
The Route. an account of the location of de road and the acquisition of land for
the right of way and recreation area; The Road. a description of the readway,
bridges, tunecis, walls, drainage siructures, overlooks, and signs; The Landscapes,
a description of the graded slopes and roadside plan forested areas, farmed
areas, streams and ponds, The Recreation Areas, an account of the wayside parks.
trails and shelters, campgrounds and picnic areas, foud, lodging and visiloy servi
and The Exhibits, a description of the exhibits of pioneer structures, centers for
cralt demonstration and the sale of mountain products, and the marking of sites of
ratural or historical context.

Cu tural LANDSCAPE BigLioGRAPHY; RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTeni


TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Jester. Tom. Preserving the Past and Making it Accessible for People with
Disabilities. Washington, D.C.: USDI, NPS, Heritage Preservation
Services, 1996, 25 pp.

Jester, Thomas C., and Sharon (2. Park, Preservation Brief No, Making
Historic Properties Accessitle. Washington, D.C.: USDI. NPS,
Preservation Assisiance Division. 1993, [4 pp.

T: 999/D-441

Jobnson, James E.. Dr. Afavaging Earthworks Under Forest Cover
Philadelphia: USDL NPS, 1998. 35 pp.
B: O17644

Keller. Timothy and Genevieve P. Keller. National Reyister Bulletin 28: How
to Evatuate and Naminare Desteued Historie Landscapes. Washineton,
DC. USDL NPS, Cuhural Resources Inwragency Resources Division.
1987. 14 pp
T: 999/D-1289

McCleiland, Linda Flint, J. Timothy and Genevieve Keller, Natanat Register
Bulletin 30: Guidelines for Bvatuating aud Decunienting Rural Historic
Landscapes, Washington, D.C.: USDI, NPS, Cultural Resources
Interagency Resources Division, 1990, 33 pp.

T: 999/D.1289

Melnick, Robert Z.. Daniel C. Sponn and Siephen L. Stover. Adentifying,
vafuatny, and Managing Cultural Landscapes in tte National Parks.
Washingion. 1.C.: SDI, NPS. 1982. 180 pp.

B: 013854

T: 9991-893

Monison, Darnell. Eartinvorky Landscape Management Field Handbook.
Philadelphia, PA: USDI, NPS. 1997.

Nationjil Park Service in association with the Georgia Trust for Historie
Preservation. Guide te Sustainable Earthworks Management (90 % Draft).
Philadelphia: USDI, NPS. 1998. 150 pp. (Annotated)

National Park Service. Leerdseape Lites 1: Project Agreement, Washingion,
D.C. USDIL NPS, Park Historic Souctures & Cultural Landscapes
Program. J998. 4 pp.

— —_.. Landscape Lines 2. Levels of hwestigation. Washington, D.C.
USDA, NPS, Park (Historic Souctures & Cuhural Landscapes Program.
1998, 10 pp.

~ Landscape Lines 3: Landscupe Characteristics. Washington, D.C:
USDI, NPS, Park Historic Suuctures & Cultural Landscapes Program.
1998, 14 pp.

dundscupe Lines 4; Historic Plant Material Sours, Washington,
D.C.: USDI, NPS, Park Historte Suuctures & Cultural Landscapes
Program, 1998, UU pp.

98 Curturar Lanoscare BrevioararHy: Resources in THE National Park SySTEM


Generar Reeorrs

330

The first chapter outines how rural historic districts should be incorporated into
the planning process. The fotowimg chapter describes a Uwe step process for
sdentifving rural historic districts and their landscape Components, The first tas
lo locate the district t) be studied, and the second is to identily the landscape
components. which form and define the distr ation of the district mcludes
iis physiographic, ccological. historical and cultural contexts, The boundaries of
the disitict can be cultural, political, anct natural. The various componcsts, which
make up the tandscape, also need to be identified im order to undersiand the
interrelationships between them.

Ten material components are presented in this report: overall patterns of tsndscape
spatial organization, Jand use: calegories and activites, response to natural features,
circulation networks, boundary demarcalions. vegetation related to land use, clusior
arrangements, structures: type, Function, materials, construction, small-scale
chements, and rival views anc otber perceptual qualities. Each of these
components is described aud appropriate techniques for identitying and recarding
them discussed including historical documentation, photography, aerial
photographs. field notes, maps and sketches.

Alter the landscape components have been identified, the rural tancscape can be
evaluated using the Nauonal Register Criteria. and it may be neminaied to the
Nativnal Register, The next chapter of the report explains the methodology for
evaluating the historical sig unce uf potential rural historic districts. The four
criteria for evaluation are outlined. and information is given on how to detine
categaries of historic properties, how to determine the cuntext for evaluating 3
Fural bistorse district, bow to identify the (pe of significance of a rural
district, how to evaluate the integrity of a rural historic district using the s
national register ia. and finally, on how (o apply the criteria considerations
for properties that have achieved sig) ce within the last filt ars.

Following sdentification and evaluation for significance and integrity. a management
strategy for the rural historic district should be developed, The report discusses
various management options. Existing National Park Service planning policies.
standards and guidelines are reviewed for heir relationship to nual historic districts.
Specific reference. is made to Management Policies, Planning Guideline (NPS.
Cuinwal Resources Management Guideline (NPS-’ 28), Historic Properties Leasing
Guideline (NPS-38), and Land Protection Plan Taterpretive Rule (48PR21121).
i local, state, and federal programs
jan progvatns such a8 Jand zoning.

awe unilined, They tactide local land protect
planning and easements, statewide activi
controls and lastly. federal programs of which the National Llistorie Pres
Act. is the most frequently used, Other federal programs, such as the (7.5.
Agvicultural Conservation Program may also apply to specific types of rural historic
disiricis,

Apart from the existing preservation measures. there are algo many alternative
methods for managing and protecting rurai historic districts. These are outlined in
the report, They include methods by means other than acquisition, such as cducation,
lechnical assistance, private conservancies. zoning, or lax inccatives. Protection
alternatives through the acquisition of federal interest include co-operative
agreements, leases, casements. panial acquisition, fee aequisinon, leascback,

CuLTURAL Lanpscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES Itt THE NaTionAc Park System



68

Cutrural LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park Sy¥sTeti



iy
I

ne vas cee vee ey

contributed te the instigation of the Civil War, Because of its strategic location. it
changed hanes ci during the Civil War, Virginius istand is locuted west of
Lower Town, the histori¢ core of Harper's Ferry, and is the former privately owned
industrial comowunity. The meustrial citins of catton and flour mills and vemnants
of historic waterways and residential steuctwes make the island a sich cultural
Fesoutce which now functions as an archeological und nate preserve.

Vhe purpose of this report is to ducument and compile the significant landscape
characteristics and features an the Estland and to prepare at site plan based on an
analysts and evatuahon of those characteristics and features, The methodology tor
this study includes: research of historical records and documentation of existing
conditions and key Jancscape components; analysis of he development of these
key landscape components: and determuiation of ficaace bused on evaluation
of historic landscapes features and patterns, Historic base maps are consobduted to
define the (ype cud voncentutan of remaining resources on the [sland and used to
define cight cultural Jandscape pharacter areas and management zones, Three devin
alternatives are prepared for review and a phasing plan for construction accompanies
the preferred alternative,

The teport is organized into three main parts: research. analysis und evalpation,
and design development, The analysis and evaluation of the cultural laadscape of
6 Island is based on the ducumentation of the historic landscape features
ers through five historic perieds beginning in 1750 und continail
1992, “The first three eras of study had the ios impuct on the overall development

AnnoTaTen BisuiccraPny

175


Genera REPORTS

Warnock, Roben. Lila Fendrick. Barbara E. Hightower, and Terry Denise
“Taum. Vegetative Threars 10 Historic Sites and Structures, Mlexundria,
VA: USDI, NPS. 1983. 100 pp.

B: GiS916

94 CuuturaAL Lanoscare Bieliacraruy: RESOURCES IN THE NaTiONAL Pak« System


. aciric West REGION

Boxberger. Daniel !.. San Jian [stand Nationat Historical Park: Cuttarat
Affifiation Snuly. Seattle: USDI, NPS, Pacific Northwest Regional Orlice,
Cultural Resources Division, nal 68 pp.

Gilbert, Cathy A. Historic Landscape Report: American Comp and British
Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park. Seanle: USDI, NPS.
Pacific Korthwest Regional Office, Cultural Resource Division, 1987, 261
pp. iAnnvtated}

B; 014509
C: 014509
T: 439/D-27

Rolph. David N. A Vegerttive Management Plan for the Sun Juan stent
National Historwal Park, Seattle; CSDL NPS. 1993. 86 pp.
T: 438/D-48.

Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (CA}

Burns Ch: Steve R., and Greg Cody. The Paramount Movie Ranch,
Cutwral Landscape Repari, (Dratt), Seattle: USDI, NPS. 1997. 485 pp.
B: 017647

Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks {CA}

Giamberdine, Richard and Terry Goodrich. Rowd Character Guidelines:
Sequou & Kinys Canyon National Parks. Denver: USDI, NPS. Denver
Ser Center. (990. 66 pp. (Amiotated)
B: 015205
T: 102/019-1423

Whitman Mission National! Historic Site (WA)

Gilbert. Cathy A, Landscape Sty and Management Alternati
Revegetation, Whirman Mission National Histarte Site. Scattl
NPS, 1984, 62 pp. (Anmorated)

B: 103003
T: S7UD-10

Uspt,

Yosemite National Park (CA)

Gibbens. Robert P. and Harokd F. Heady. The Influence of Modern Mau on the
tation af Yosemite Valley Nerionaf Park, Derkele: y OF
California Division of Agricultural Sercaces and Yosemite National History
Association, 1964. 44 pp.

B: 013220

T: 104/19-370.

Greene. Linda W. Historic Resounte Sindy: Yosemite, the Park and its
Resentces: A History of the Dis Management, and Physical
Developmen: of Yosemite Nanonat Park, 3 vol, Denver: USDI, NPS.
1987. 1256 pp.

B: 013973

ComPrevensive BieciocraPHy 79



aoe

hard Ranthur.
te,

endall, Nat. John Ovhsher. Sharon 4, Brown, and
sof the Visible Lavulscape. Anteran National Battefie
ton. D.C: USDI, NPS. 1988, 26 pp.

B: QUSS77

T: 302-41

Antictarn National Battlelicld was established in 1890 to commemorate the 1862
Civil War battle. In 1962. the histore landscape was otticially reeogmzed as an
important cultural source in its own particularly for the imerpretalion of
the buttle, Federal legislation authorized the acquisition of land to restore and
maintain the battefickl in a condition similar 10 its 1862 scene and 18 protect
views of the battlefield site.

There has been concern recently, however, that the waditonal rural character anc
uhural setting of the ares is being gradually eroded by poorly planned suburban
des ebopmaem. This report was prepared by the NPS In response to a request in
1987 by the Mar cl Department of State Plans for information on areas that
conuibute Lo the scenic quality of the hutlefield.

The report provides a brief hi:

tory of the battle, a description of existing conditians,
and the results of the analysis of the + isible landscape. ‘The maps and accompanying
informatioa produced are intended UW assist statutory bodies in land use planning
and ¢fforts to prowet the scenic integrity of the baulelichl,

For the analysis of the visible landscape, vighteen viewpoints were selected in the
freld, These consisted of interpretive stops un the bautetield tour road, topagraphic
lugh points on th wath adarge range of view, and other historically significant
sites. Each viewpoint was documented in several ways. Photographs and video
records were made of the 360 deuree panorama. and Lich notes were taken at each
Point describing location, imerpretive story, view coordinates, and the landscape
ALO
System 1GIS} was also used to determing what land area woukl be wisible from
selected viewpoints atong the route, The field data and computer-generated overlays
were used lo map all areas visible rom sl cighteen viewpai

route, The mapped areas were then broken down into three distinet categories:
nt aweas with the mrwst
visible detail: the midWle-grownd which provides coler, texture, and form in the
landscape; and the background which forms distingt horizons anc provides 1
backdrop These categories w. in turn, subdivided based on landscape
D aweas ure descebed in the report and iMustrated on visible

Landscapes maps,

itis concluded that the foreground views are the most sensitive because they are
the foval area for the visitor experience, Some iniddle-ground views ave also highly
sensitive because they provide the setting (or the battleticldl In the background
units, ndgelines are considered to be the most important visual feature,

Annotatep Bistrocraeny

tonAL Capital REGION

167



NA

Capita Reston

170

The report inctudes sections on each of the following: administrative data, historicat
data, archeological data, landscape data, and architectural data, A specialist in what
punticular field prepares) each section.

Vhe administrative data sets the scene for restoration with information on the
proposed use, interpretation, and maintenance requirements of the restored garlen,

The historical data, which is the most comprehensive section, summarizes pictorial,
documentary, and physical evidence on the landscape and layout of the garden.
The history of the flower garden is sunumatized, tts importance evaluated, and the
proposed restoration and reconstruction justilied. The garden boundary, atmosphere
und teeling, walks, fences, arbor, and plant material are all described as they
appeared inniediately prior to 1861. The evidence is based on photographs, sketches
and illustrations. and the documented memories of people who knew the garden in
its oviginal state. A list of plant materials found in the garden before 1862 is drawn
Thom original sources.

An excavution of the flower garden undertaken to provide archeolagical data
on the physical appearance of the garden in 1861. However, the evidence from
whese excavations proved 10 be inconclusive.

‘The landscape data includes u plan of existing landscape und archeelogical features,
a plan of historical landscaping recommended for restoration und reconstruction.
and a plan, elevations und perspective of the arbor and fence.

In the [inal section on architectural daa the “Temple of Fame,” placed on ihe site
of the Lee arbor in 1864 by (he War Department, js recarded as the only existing
architectural feniure in the flower garden area,

The report concludes tut te Custis-I.ec Mansion Hower garden shoukd be restored
to look as it did in 1861, in conformance with the approved restoration plan
comained in the landscape section of this document. {t is recommended that the
grove, which existed as part of the flower gurden, should also be re-established
and interpreted as far as practicable.

ae EE

Thomas, Lindsay Kay, J1, The impact of Taree
Potomac isha, Theodore Roosevelt island. Washingwon, D.C.
1980. 179 pp.

B: G12165
C: 012165
T: 854/D-4

Raotic Plant Species on @
USTH, NPS.

This report describes the methods and results of experimental research undertaken
to determine the ienpact of three exotic plunt species on Theodore Roosevelt Isiand,
@ tow lying island on the Potomac River, Washington, D-C, The three exotic pant
species selected for the research are Lonicera japonica, Thumb, (lapanese
honeysuckle), Hedeva helix, T.. (English ivy), and tris pserdacores, L. (Uiauropean
yellow itis). The first two are Found to be destroying the forests of the istand. The
latter is changing thé nature of the marsh, The factors limiting (he growth and
development of cach of the species arc also examined,

Cutturac Lanoscarr BibLiocraPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionat Park System



THEAST Regio

LANDSCAPES. Colonial Parkway Cultaral Landscape Report. Philadelphia:
USDI. NPS, Philadelphia Support Office. 1996, 441+ pp.

National Park Service. Colonial Parkway Comtex: Histnry of the American
Parkway Movement, National Park fice Desig, and Historie
Preservation Contexts, Philadetphia; USD1, NPS, Philadelphia Support
Office. 1998, 1M pp.

B: 017685

Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (NJ, PA)

Burns, Steve R. and Berle A. Clemensen, Culteral Landscape Report Volime
+: Puhaquarry Copper Mine, Delaware Wurer Gap, Mulional Reereution
Area, New Jersey. Denver: USD NPS. Denver Service Cemer, 1995, 373
pp. tAnnotared)

18: 317607
S. O2WD-178,

.— a Culinral Landscape Report Volwne 2: Puhaguarry Copper Mine
Delaware Water Gup National Recreation Area New Jersey, Denver:
USD NPS, Denver Service Center, 1995, 308 pp. (Aunorateds
B: O17608
‘Ts 620/1-178

National Park Service. Historic Structure Report / Cultural Landscape Report,
Captain dacob Shoemaker House. Deweer: USDI, NPS, Denver Service
Center, 194. 624 pp.

~~ — « Mfistoric Structure Report  Cuiural Landseupe Report, Crane!
Goldhard House. Denver: USD, NPS, Denver Service Center. 1994.
70+ pp.

| Edison National Historic Site (NJ)

Rorstel. Christopher and Michael Aga. Kedison National Historic Site
Fihnographic Overview and Assessment, Boston: USDL NPS. 1997.
116+ pp,

Coffin, Margatet and Charles Pepper. Tree Preservation Maintenance Guide,
Edison National Historical Fark. Boston; USDI, NPS, Cfimsted Center for
Landscxpe Preservation. 1994, 300 pp

Claeys, Kaistin, and Margaret Coffin, and Charles Pepper. /fisiorie Plant
inventory, Edison National Historic Site. Boston: USDI, NPS. Olinsted
Center for Landscape Preservation, 1993. 200 pp.

Uschold, David. George Curry, and Eric Joseph. Culteral Landscape Report
for Laboratory Unit, Edison National Historie Site: Site History. Existing
Conditions, und Analysis. Boston: USDL NPS. Olmsted Center for
Landscape Preservation, (996. 143 pp.

T: 403/D-28

CowpReHENsIve BIBLIOGRAPHY 47


Evans

Acadia National Park (ME)

Catherine, Evaluation af Etigibdity of the Histaric Motor Road System,
Acadia National Park for the National Register of Historic Plaves. Boston:

USDI, NPS. 1993. 20 pp.

Foulds, H. Eliot, Cutie Landscape Report for Blackwoods ard Scawatt
Campgrounds: Site History. Existing Conditions. Anatysis of buegrity and
Significance. and Treatment Recommendations, Acadia Nativaal Park,
Lauren G, Meier, ed, Cultural Landscape Publication No. 11. Bost
USDI, NPS, Olmsted Centes for Landscape Preservation. 1996. 182
fAnnotated?

Bz O12588

We 423/D- 158

Historie Motor Road Systeur, Acedia National Park. Comptionce
Documentation aud Rehabilitation Guidelines for Federal Highways
Project @PRA-ACAD-4A 1). Lauren G, Meier, ed, Cultura) !andseape
Publication No. 9. Boston: USDI, NPS. Olmsted Center for Landscape
Preservation, 1996. 175 pp. ¢Aemorased)

B: Or77is
T. (2410-133

NortHeast Recion

parr

path, constricted with CCC habor. “VPS,

ComPréveNsive BisliosRaPHy

43



Aniakchak National Monument and National Preserve (AK)

Norris, Frank. Auiakchak Hay, A Cultural Landscape Based on Fishing. (SUA
Newsletter 31) Anchorage: USDL. NPS. Spring 1998. 2 pp.

Denali National Park and National Preserve {AK}

Alaska Department of Fish and Gatne, and National Park Service.
Ethnoyraphic Overview and Assessment, Including Viluge Histories.
{Dralt) Anchorage: USDL NPS. 1999. 207 pp.

Katmai National Park and National Preserve (AK)

Clenuens, Janet. Kanna’ National Park and National Preserve Historie
Resource Study. Anchorage: CSD, NPS, 1999, 204 pp.

Sitka National Historical Park (AK)

Griffin. Kaisten. Sitka National Historical Park Historic Resource Study.
(Draft) Anchorage: USDI. NPS. 1999, 63 pp

Smith-Middleton, Hotly, and Arnold R. Alanon, duipressions of fadian River: A
Lawdscape History of Sitka National Historical Park. Ancharage: USDL.
NPS, Alaska System Support Office. 199%, 528 pp. [Annotuted)

B; O176U2

National Historical Park. Tlingit Vill of Howken, Alast

F8YU}

ComPREHENSIVE BistiocRaPHy

. (Alaskee State Library, TAC 92-56, Dexroff, 186%


NortHeast REG

of the development of periud plans and diagrams that revealed changes in site
boundaries and uses,

‘The periods of siudy established for this report include: Early Years in Cambridge
(1630-1730); The ¥ LL Family and Tory Raw (1730-1774); The American
Revolution and its Aftermath (1774-( 792); Andrew Craigie (1792-1819); Elizabeth
Craigic (1819-1841); Henry Wadswevth and Prauces Longfellow (1841-1882);
Longteflow Park (1882-1992); Alice Longfellow (1882-1928) Longfellow House
Trost (1933-1972), and National Park Service (4972-1992),

The existing conditions seclion of Uus report provides a brief record of extant
feattires and their condition, This docursent will be followed by Volume 2: Site
Analysis that will establish the historic context and cvalume (he landscape’s
significance und integrity’ and a treatment pian with site-specitic manigement goals:

Lamgfeiiow Nations}
the veranda. (APS, 1946)

forte Site. Histiode: American Buildings Survey photograph of the Longfellow garden fron

222 J3URAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park SysTex



Sullivan, Arthur L. dfistarie Grounds Report-Part 1, Histovieal Date 3
Aurper Yard, Hurpers Ferry National Monwneat. Washington, D.C.:
USDL, NPS. 1962. 5 pp.

B: 001294
Cr On 294
Tr 3835/D514

Winter, Susan LE. and Dennis Li. Frye. Loudon Heights: Archeological and
Historical Resources Study. Occasional Report No. 8, Washington. D.C.
USIR, NPS. 1992. 245 pp.

B: 450322

Winter, Susun LE. and Paul A, Shackel. od. futerdisciptinury bvestigation of
Domestic Life in Government Blow Perspectives on Harper Perry’
Asgnort and Commercial Distticn © ional Report No. 6. Was
D.C: USDI, NPS. 1993. 630+ pp.

B: 450321
T: 385/D- (24

Manassas National Battlefield Park (VA)

Firth, Jan und Brian Maris. Cultura! Landscape Restoration Report: The
Stuart's Hill trees. Washington, OC: CSDL, NPS. 1992. 116 pp.
B; 016306

Gatke, Laura J., ed. Culuera! Resources Survey und Inventory of a War-Torn
feundseape: The Stuarts fill Trict, Manassas National Burtofield Park,
Virginie. Washington, D.C. USDL NPS. 1992. 183 pp.

B: 016314
T; 379D-21

Hernigle, Jacgucline L. and Kathleen Parker. Portict: Portrait ef a Middling
Plantation in Piednant Virginia, Washington, D- iSDL NPS, 1996,
397 pp
B: 450410

Mahr, Theodore C. Manassas Moanmenss, Washington, D.C.
1986. 111 pp.
B: OLO738

SDL NPS.

McGarry, Thomas LL. Manasses Hisrarie Si
Hatlefield Park, Virginia. Wasbington. D.C
B: 010077
T: 379/1D-2025

DL NPS, 1982. 86 pp.

North American Resource }
Hazel-Peterson Tract.
B: 450623

nagement, Forest Mangement Plan for te
hington, D.C.: USD], NPS. 1990. 32+ pp.

Manassas National Barlefield Park: Forest Management Plan,
‘ashington, D.C; USDIL NPS. 1987.
B: 450622

34 Cunturat Lanoscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM


256

Crater Lake Nationat Park {OR}

Gilbert, Cathy A. und Goctehen A. Lusenberg. The Rustic Landscape of Rins
Village, 1927-194, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, Seaille: USBI.
NPS, Pacific Northwest Region. Cultural Resources Division. 1990. 191 pp.
B: 015278
T: 106/1D- 107

Located in somhem Oregou, Crater Lake became the nation’s 6th national park in
1002. Crater Lake ties within the caldera of Mt. Mazama. a voleare ol the Cascade
Range that erupted about 7,700 yerrs ago.

A comprehensive design and plan for Rim Village, tocated on the edge of the
caldera, was implemented in two phases diving the periods 1927-1932 and 1933-
194}, using man-power provided by the Civilian Conservation Com (CCC). The
design of Rim Village resulied from nwo independent factors that were closely
interwoven: function and utility, and aesthetics and design. The Village stands as
un exumple of landscape design that reflects the design ethic of a special period of
development that was sympathetic. and respectful of the natural fandscupe,
Unfortunately. throughom the years the original village design philosophy has nor
been adhered to resulting jai many additions and changes, Rim Village has recently
become the focus of preservation efforts in the park,

The purpose of this report is eo identif'y and evaluate the stguificant landscape of
Rim Village, and tw develop a series of recommendations that provide a design
vocabulary for subsequent work iit the Village. The meihodology used far this
study includes researching plaoning documents, administrative materials, and
historical documents, conducting field surveys and a general reconnaissance of
the existing landscape. This report is organized into three pasts: Research, Avalysis
and Evaluation and Recommendattans.

‘The most important era for Crater Lake National Park endid in 1947 and marks
the end of implementation of Ure Rustic design ethic in the park. The analysis and
evaluation idemifies individua] features comprising the csscntial philosophies,
themes, materials, and character of the historic landscape at Rim Village and arc
categorized ina ftve components: circulation. vegetation. structures, small-scale.
featui ind constuction technologies. Although changes have ovcurred to the
ned landscape of the village. they ace nut exiwnsive, and the primary
atures. patterns, and overall design character remains with a high degree

ecity. Because the village js an outstanding example of a kamdscape that
reflects the design ethic of a spectst period of development. and of an cra that
espoused designing the built environment in a manner that was sympathetic and
respectful of the natural landscape, preservation is the preferred recommendation,
although new designs for Rin Village ave also addressed, Photographs and plan
drawings contained in this report also serve to graphically iustrate the narrative
discussions,

CurturaL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PARK SysTEN


OUTHEAST REG

Blue Ridge Parkw
below the home. £N

304

Moses Cone Estate. View from Bass fake to ibe Moses Cone manor house, Note the orchard

Cuttural Lanpscare BieuioGraPry: Resources iN THE NATIONAL Park System


Bushong. William. Historic Resaurce Study Rock Creek Park. District of
Columbia. Washington, 9.C.: USBI, NPS, National Capitat Regional
Otfice, 1990, 291 pp.

B: 015353
T; $21,136

CEHP, Inc. A dfisteric Resouces Study; The Civil Wier Defenses of Waxhington.
(Praft), Washington, D.C. USDI, NPS. 1998.

Davis, Timothy. “Rock Creek caul Poromac Parkway, Washington, D.C: The
Evolution of a Contested Urban Landscape,” in Studies in the History of
Gardens and Designed Landscapes 19. London and Washington, D.C.
Taylor & Francis, 1999. 114 pp.

— .. Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway: Histary and Description.
Washington, D.C.: LISISL, NPS, TABS, 1991-92, 159 pp.
He DC-633, (991-92

Lamiing, Dr. Kay. Dumbarton Oaks Park National Register Nomination.
(Draft), Washington, D.C USDL, NPS. 1999 150+ pp.

Rock Creek, Park. William Howard Taft and Duke Ellingson fridges spanning Rock Crock and Potomac Parkway.
OPS, HABS, Jack Boucher, 3992}

38

CurturaL Lanpscape BIBiOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTem


Weir Farm National Historic Site (CT)

Child Assoviares, Inc,, and Cynthia Zaitzevsky. Cultural Landscape Report jer
Weir Fur National Historic Site, Volume J: Site History and Fxisting
Conditions. Cultural | andscape Publication No. 6. Boston; USDI, NPS,
Olmsted Contes for Lanuscape Preservation. 1996, 309 pp-

B: 017183
T: 4aNbD-7

The purpose of this seport is 19 document and interpret the cvalution of the Weir
Farm site to aid the NPS in carrying out planning ancl management of lhe National
Historic Site. Detailed information regarding the property's historic structures and
historic furnishings can be found in the Historie Structures Reports and Historte
Fumishings Report compiled by NPS staff.

The Weir Earm property was the home and workplace of the famous American
impressionist painter, J. Allen Weir (1852-419), listablished in 1990, Weir Faror
National [listoric Site ig the only aational park dedicated to the stewardship of a
property associated wilh an American painter. ‘The farm's landscape served as
inspiration for Weir's paintings, as well as providing inspiration w other famous
artists Who visited Weir, The properly was an inforsnal artist colony (ar over 140.
years, Following Weir's death, the artistic tradition continued with the mariage of
Weir's daughter Dorothy, to the sculptor Mahonri Young. The couple lived and
worked on the property during the surmner and frequently in the off-season.
Subsequently, Sperry and Doris Andrews, two attist frientts of the Youngs, purchased
the property to live and carryout their artistic work from 1958 to 1990.

The oviginal 153-aeres of the property were acquired by Weir in 1882. with
subsequent land purchases increasing the size of the property co 238 acres by the
time of Weir's deuth, The property is an eatraordinary composite of several uses,
with gurdens and designed features, former agricultural Jands, and wild natura)
aris,

The report is orgunized cheonologically, by ownership periads. The periods
identified ineiude: a profogue that revords the history of the site priar to Weir's
ownership: chapters describing the petiod of Weir's ownership: und chapters
describing the periuds of ownership following Weir's death. The repon also outlines
the establishment of she Weir Furm Trust and the acquisition of the property by the
NPS. Existing conditions ave yeported in a subsequent chapter, sith
recommendations made for further research. An extensive bibliography ts included,
as well as endnotes following each chapter.

Source materials utilized in documenting the Weir Faem history consist maialy oF
correspondence between Weir and his family members and friends, Weir"s paintings
tre compared to landscape areas on the property to determine their probable
lovation. A site plan for the paintings, which is most unusual, is included, Reat

estate documents and oral histories supplemented the documentation process,

Recommendations for further study include organization of an informal workshop,
fo be held on the Weir farm site, that would bring tagether family merahers und
others who were interviewed for the report. The workshop could potentially gencrate
more information about the site.

248 Cutturat LaNpscare ByeLiocrapHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM


Preservation, North Atlantic Regionul Ofvicc, Dévision of Cultural
Resonsce Management, $994. 138 pp. (Annenited)
B: 017656

Rivley & Associates, Rudy 4, Ati and Rueben M. Rainey. Miseeric
Grounds Report. Vanderbilt Maasion. N.p.c USD NPS. 1988. 54 pp
(Annotated)

B; 015617

Weir Farm National! Historic Site {CT)

Bellavia, Regina, Mavybeth Hanley and Greg Waters. Preservation
Maintenance Plan, Weir Farm National Historic Site, Boston: USDI, NPS,
Ghusted Center for Landscape Preservation. 1998, 201 pp,

Child Associates, Inc. and Cynthia Zaitzevsky. Culurral Landscape Report jor
Weir farm National Historic: Site, Volume I: Site History and Existing
Canditions, Cultural Landscape Publication No.6. Boston; USDI. NPS,
Ohusted Center for Landscape Preservation, 1996. 309 pp. tAnnetured)
B: 057183
T: 41/D-F

Coftin, Margaret, anc Charles Pepper. Landscape Preservation Maintenance
Plan for Weir Farm. Boston: USDL, NPS, Olunsted Cenger for Landscape
Preservation, 1993, 30 pp.

Foulds, Ehor, and Hillary Quairels. Culsarad Landscape Repart for Weir Karn
National Historic Site. Volume 2: Character Defining Features, Boston:
USDI, NPS, Ohusted Center for |andscape Preservation. (996. SE pp

National Park Service. Leadseape Management Plan, Weir Farn: National
Histarie Site. Boston: USDI, NPS. Olnested Center for Landscape
Preservation, 1294, 100 pp.

ComPREHensive BiBLioGRAPHY

67


center providing aduit education in the summer and a schoo! camp daring the rest
of the year. Additional requirements for rehabilitation are given,

‘Two alternatives for the restoration of the Rosemary Inn conyplex are presented,
Alternative 1 attcmpts to restore the grounds, landscaped yarden, und recreational
uses to reflect is most developed state historicelly. 4 historic base neap is produced
as the basis for the cestoration covering 2 10-15 year period between 1924 and
mid-to-late J 930s. Through direct representation, this alternative is considered to
provide the visiter with the most realistic image of how the complex looked avd
functioned during its heyday as a wildemess resort,

Alternative 2 reestablishes much of the essential quutities of the kindscape through
it partial and sclective restoration of significant elements and style, This alternative
calls for participation by the visitor, encouraging them ta discover the site's histary
rather than providing direct inlerprelation. The two approaches are described and
the advantages and disadvantages of each outlined.

keg Re

Gilbert, Cathy A.. Todd Black. Lisa’ Majdiak. and Diane Scena, four Historic
Landscape Studies, Olympic National Park. Seattle: USDI. NPS. 1984. 65

PP.

3: 013004
C: 013004
T; 149/19-§8

Established in 1938. Olympic Natianal Park is one of the largest wilderness parks
in the National Park system. ‘The interior valleys of the peninsula were explored
and first seed in the late nineteenth century. The impacts of these early setters.
und subsequent developments on the land have produced a variety of distinct cultural
Jandseapes.

‘This reporl summarizes the results of a ten-week project. undertaken by a team of!
Jandscape archiwers, which examines four af these historic landscape resources,
The sites selected for study are illustrative of hoth designed and vernacular
Jundscapes: Lake Crescent Lodge, a lakeside resort developed in the early 1900s;
Tleadquarters, the Olympic National Park Headquarters complex established
between 1938-1947, ihustriting the kale Rustic style of park architeelure; Rosemary
lon. a resort developed on the shores of Lake Crescent in the 1920s, Humes Ranch,
located on the east bank of the Tibwha River, this homestead was established in
$898 and is one of the oldest structures in the Park.

The aitn of the project is to provide preliminary base data, historic information,
and where appropriate, design recommendations and guidance for preserving the
landscape integrily of Une site. Phe four sites are each considered systematically
ant described under the following headings: identification, desyription, history,
signiticance, integrily, references. The section on identification sets out the
adlministsative daca for the site, including [ovation. access. ownership. context and
boundaries, 4 written and graphic description outlines thase landscape components,
which form the essemial elements defining the current character ol the site. The
historical section documents the history of the site and subsequent changes lo the
landscape. [ntegrity and significance ure determined according to the National

290 CunturaL LANOSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTioNaAL PaRK System




This study of the park's road system occured in response to the Federal Highway
Administration's mulu-decady road construction project. The survey and evaluation
of historte resources related to the road s) resource
study for the park. The study is organized into four paris: The History of the
Construction of the Read S$} stem in Yellowstone National Park (1872-1966) and
tbe History of the Grand Loop and the Entrance Roads; Cultural Resources
Management: Management Issues: and Maps. Methodology used in conduc
this sturdy ingludes archival research and tield surveys.

Approximately 11 years after Yetlowstone's designation as a national park,
construction of safe roads was undertaken by the Army Corps of 1 ers. The
KPS began an cngincering program in 1918 to develop new roads and tails and to
work in cooperation with the "See America First” campaign. the Park-to Park
Highway movement. and to accommodate the anticipated increase in visitors atter
the cad of WW. In 1924. a NPS road pre h wus privately cnoweal
by the Rockefellers and concentrated on roadside cleanup. With the wunsition of
road Management to the Civil Engineering und landscape Architecurre division of
NPS. a working relationship between KPS and the Bureau of Public Roads was
established, Through the cooperation of these two entilies, a comprehensive road
maiatcnanee program was cstabl ark. The 1966 government initiative,
Mission 66, and its influeace on the park is also discussed in the report.

Vhe Cultural Resources Management section of this report, states (he goals of the
Federal Highway Administration project to repair ail of the principle visitor access
and chrcukadion roads in the purk and lists the research design objectives. including
ventory, evafuation and survey of historic resources.

> nal Register documentation for chgible properties im the park includes
discussion of property types and regusteation requirements, and concludes that the
Touds of Yellowstone National Park are significant according to eriwria A. B andl
C. The bridges are also considered signilicant based on the same criteria as the

roads of which they are a part, with the addition of criterion D,

“The third property type discussed in terms of National Register documentation are
the buildings and structures associated with the constuction of the road system.
One bulding and one structure ure found to be significant, The Northeast Entrance
Station (Criterion A} and the North Entrance Arch (Criterion C). A list of properties
of the park eligtbfe for listing on the National Register of Historic Plact
in this report, along with properties not recommended for listing on the National
Register.

Suggested projects to enhance the continuing Historic Resource Sudy inchucte:
survey and evaluation of several other roads and bridges: study the relationshi
between construction of the road system and development of the w
interpretive exhibits; and study of the impact the creation of the park has had on
the development of the national road system. Historic and currem photographs are
included Uoughour the report. as well as an 1879 map and a historic base map of
ihe park,

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTERMOUN

129

wy
bu
ia}



ITER

Mag Soares: PARK BOUNDARIES

ES Departmen of the fueron, Natioos! San Antonio Missions
jervice, wweest Reginn, Set .

‘Antonio Mistions Nasional Hi arieat Park, Cultural Landscape

Land Protection Plan Amendment, . Report

May 1994, Rot to Scale Mission §. José

Legend
+ Rivers and creeks

Mission Concepcicin Acequia

= _Roatls and highways

Park boundaries

Mission San Juan
San Juan Acequia

Mission Espada

San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. Pack boancacies showing the location of the major extant Missions
antl assveiated seauures. (NPS, 1994)

122

CuttuRAL Lanpscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park System


xiv Cutturat Lanoscape BietioGrarHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PaRk SysTEM


This conceptual plan focuses an the centre! uoil of the historic site, which includes
the encampment area. The fist section of the repart defines stppropriate objectives
for forest management at the site, The following section describes the evaluuon of
the forest landscape Irom prehistoric times 10 the present. a likely forest
development scenario is presented. and basic ccological principles are discussed,
jnchiding the role of wind ane fire as disturbance factors. The forest at the time of
Lewis and Clark's visit is deseriberl and changes since the historic period
documented.

The thisd section of the report suminarizes the landscape restoration uctions
vadertaken to date. Carreat challenges tor landscape restoration are also discussed,
Recommendations for fiture treatments include underplanting red alder stands
with conifers, thinning of the established spruce-hemlock stands and dealing with
wind damage, fire hazanl, insects and disease.

see

National Park Service. Hare Clatsop National Memorial Landscape
Redevelopment Plan. Seattle: USDI. NPS, Pacific Nortliwest Regional
Office, Culcural Resources Division. 1987. 12 pp.

B: O1S607

The Lewis and Clack Expedition, having reached the Pacifte Ocean. camped at
Fort Clatsop. Oregon in the winter of 1805-1806. The bistorie site, which covers
125.50 acres, was designated u National Memorial in 1958.

This Jandscape redevelopment proposal is prepared to sceompany site plans and
design proposals forthe memorial, ht contains a discussion of the teatuments. bz
mils af the existing conditions, site analysis maps. and the desige plan. “The final
plan resulted as @ combination of nwo alternatives reviewed by the stall af Fort
Clatsop. It includes manipulation of spaces hy tree und sbrub planting te enhance
visitor circulation, and aceess to interpretive sites as well as attempts io recreate:
ihe original 1806-landscape scene.

Specilic tnformatton is given on the proposed treatment of the new entrance,
interpretive areas, tiuils, vegetation, and future additions.

The tail leading Sroms the visitor center to Une for replica will be rerouted through
the woods, allowing visitors a more direct and dramatic view of the fort, Seven
distinct iMterpretive areas are identified in the phin. Treatments to define the spaces
are outlined. For caumple, the lurpe, open grass area in front af the Fort has been,
rechiced in size, and the forest extended to create a vegetative buffer between ihe
area and the purking lot. Another tnterpretive area on the West Side of the fort has
been expanded and reshuped by cuiting back underbrush to make it more useubie.
‘The musket demonstration area on the custern side of the fort is relocated, enabling
that site which has the best views of ihe Lewis and Clark River, to be used as a
interpretive area, Additionally, more functional trail systerns ace proposed. The
plan also calls for the planting of a umber of native evergreen (rees including
Sitka Spruce, Western Henilock, Westem Red Cedar. and Douglas Fir. To simulate
aa old growth forest environment. id is suggested ihit these ind selected existing
ees are timbed up 8-10 feet, creating a canopy under which visitors can circulate
freely. is also recommended that the grass be inaintained ip a rough. less manicured

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

West Rescion

267



Recommendations are divided into six program arcas: maintenance and
Management concepts, buildings, structure and urchaculogical resources; circulatton
and access: plaut materials: site details and materials; and speci

sile issues.

The report is illustrated throughout with photographs, maps. sketches and drawings.

eee ee

Florence, Hank, Cathy A. Gilbert, Art Gomez, Jake Ivey. and Gretchen
Luxenbery, Cadnord Londscupe Reconunendations. Misston Espada, San
Antonio Missions National Historical Park. (Dratt). Santa Fe; USDI. NPS,
Southwest System Support Office. 1990. 51 pp.
B: 15548,

One of fow mission units comprising the San Antonio Missions Natianal [listorical
Park, Mission Espada was established in 173] by Spanish Franciscan Missionaries,
‘The land is inanayed Unraugh a combination of tee-simple ownership. cooperative
agreements and scenic caseinents with a varicty of local public and private interests,
Some Jand is also in private ownership,

‘This report waderakes prelimiautry documentation and evaluation of the signiticant
vernacular landscape resources of Mission Espada. and develops general
recommendations for their preservation, Based on fieldwark and historical research.
Lhe stiuly svas undertaken by 4 multi-disciplinary team, which included a landscape
architect, historical architect, historian, architectural historian and historical
archacwlogisi.

The report begins with an identification of ihe site. The physiograptic, cultural
itd polttical boundaries are defined us well as vegetntion, wpographky, cirerlation
and structural boundaries, Three physically separate, but interrelated components
are recognized as comprising the historic landscape of the mission complex: the
Acequia system, which includes the Jispada Dam, the Espada Aqueduct, and the
network of irrigation ditches; the Missions walled compound; and the associated
Jabores—cultivalcd tields imigsted by the Acequia. A fourth component —Rancho
de las Cabras, the missions’ fortified ranching operations headquarters, located 25
miles south of the historic zone, is also recognized, These four primary historic
Jandscape features are described in detail,

The second chapler documents the history of the site as five periods: the Initial
Period (1734-1780) describes the establishment of the mission; the Transitional
Period (J 780-1794) saw new settlers who were not Mission Indians corning to live
im the Mission and use available farr Rural Period (1794-1910) covers the
tine when the Mission was secularized; the Church Management Period (19 L0-
1978); and nally NPS Management (1978-1990),

A description and analysis of the historical landscape focuses on the site’s response
to natura! features, cultural teaditions, land use. circulution. cluster arrangement,
structural Lypes. vegetation anf archaeology and small-scale elements in the
landscape.

The chapter on significunce states drat the San Antonio Missions National Historical
Park is on the Nalional Register of Historic Places and the Espada Dam and
Aqueduct are both designated as historic landroarks. OF the four missions in the

124 CuLTuRaL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM


Gettysburg National Military Park, Memorial Day decoratiuns in the cemetery. £NPS. £963)

42 Cutturat Lanpscape BieuioGkaPHy: RESOURCES IN THE National Park System


ConTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 22... ceeeeccsceccceeesseeseececsneraceeceggeeeerineeecs af
CONTENTS .osssceecsseseeeecceecceteessceseecetsneeeesseneaassnesarccataasseneace !

INTRODUCTION

SECTION ONE: COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY

ALASKA REGION .......ececceeeeececsccseeeterececcscgeeetseeteerageneecscaeeeee 3

Aniakchak National Monument and National Preserve {AK}
Denah National Park and National Preserve (AIK) ............-
Katmai National Park and National Preserve (AK) -
Sitka National Historical Park (AK)

Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and National Preserve (AK).

INTERMOUNTAIN REGION ...
Capitol Reef National Park (UT) ..
Chaco Culture Natianal Historical Park {NM
Chamizal National Memorial (TX).........
Chiricahua National Monument (AZ) .......
El Morro National Monument (NM} ....
Fort Davis Nationat Historic Site (TX)
Fort Laramie National Historic Site (WY)
Golden Spike National Hisloric Site (UT) ..
Grand Canyon National Park (AZ)
Grand Teton National Park (WY) ...
Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Hislotia Site (MT).
Guadalupe Mountains National Park (TX).......
Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site (AZ)
Lyndon 6. Johnson National Historical Park (TX) ..
Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (AZ) ..
Pecos National Historical Park {NM)
Petroglyph National Monument (NM) ...
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park o.
Wupatki National Monument {AZ) ... .
Yellowstone National Park (ID, MT, WY)

MIDWEST REGION .....cc0. cc ceeeeesceccseeeessreeecscsteeetececeeatiieeatence
Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (WI} ...
Arkansas Post National Memorial (AR)

Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site (KS) .
Buffalo National River (AR) ..
Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area (OH).

Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park (OH' 18
Fort Larned National Historic Site (KS) . -18
Fort Scott National Historic Site (KS) 18
Fort Smith National Historic Site (AR, OK) 18

Contents


Miowest Recion

This report provides social history information on the Tatt family and a deseription
of the development of the historic grounds, Il is based on documentary research of
4 variely of primary sources, inchiding leticrs. menvirs, newspaper reports, and
historic photographs. A description of the grounds in 1971 is also provided. based
on a survey of the site. Changes, additions, and deletions from the historic scene
are recorded, The grounds of the house have been reduced in area from the original
1.82 acres to only 0.5 acres. with the loss of the pasture and many other histone
siructires and features ‘Thus. the look of the grounds has been considerably altered
and changed trom a pastoral scene to a much more urban characier. Plans of the
grounds in the historic period and in 1971 are produced.

Ko recommendations for treatment of the historic grounds ie maile. {Cis intended
that the mformation in this report will be of vulae in inter nye (he site.

evaae

Scruggs and Hammond, ine. Calntral Landscape Report: Wiliam Howard Taft
National Historic Site, Cincinnat. Ohio, Omaha: USDI, NPS. Midwest
Regional Olfive. Planning and Resource Preservation Division. 1993, 86 pp.
016610

48 /19-35

William Howard Taft served as the United States’ 27th President from 1909-1913,
and as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1921-1930. This CLR studies the

Suburban Homestead” of the ‘att family. located in the Mount Auburn
neighborhood, Cinginnuli, Ohio The report is organized into five sections:

Awnovavep BreuiocrapHy

161



The site encompasses approximately 82 acres with many dilferent features,
including: Lafavette Park, West Exccutive Avenue, Old Execittive Office Building
and grounds. First Division Monument. Mast Executive Treasury Building
and grounds, Sherman Park. President's Park South or the “Ellipse.”

The plan identifies: needs and functions chal will have to be aceummnodated autbe
site over the next 21) years, inchuting the needs of the presidency, as well as af
visitors and other site users; meums to ensure the protection of important resour
including the White House itself: and ways 10 solve lagistical and management
problems that have developed over the years,

Critical concerns addressed in the plan include: insufficient space and faciliies:
inadequate system Jor deliveries and site citculation; lack of privacy and indoor
recreation space; access corridors congested by parked vehicles: insufficient
educational programs and support faciliuies Tor visitors; and an undignified
appearance in some areas for people attending special White House events or those
touring the White House,

Rock Creek Park (DC}

National Park Service. Repert on Proposed Development of Rock Creek and
Patomac Park, Section Twa. Washington, D.C: USDI, NPS, 1940, 18 pp.
B: 012421

Rock Creek Park is one of the Jargest natucal urban parks in the
Washington, D.C. a wouded preserve containing a range of histo
a@% an historic desigoed parkway and carly siruciures as well as recreational
opportunities.

This teport, prepared in the earty 1940s, describes proposals for the development
ot a portion of the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway between K and P Streets in
Washington, DC. Mt includes original canstuction drawings and photographs of
existing conditions at the site,

The history and background to the creation of the Parkway is described. In the
ninewsnth century, this part of the creck used for the storage of boats opening
‘on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. It is described ax a desolate. unhealthy swamp.
With the growth of the city in the later purt of the century, the strea was relegated as
a dump and used for the disposal of refuse as 4 rueans of filling in the edges of the
swamp 10 make the Jand buildable. In the carly Osentieth century, plans in the Ciuy
Engineer's Office proposed putting the creek ina culvert and completely Sling in
the valley in order ty connect the geidiron steer system of the new city on the east
of the creek with Georgetown on the west. In 1902, the McMillian Commission
was Formed from outstanding mentbers of the Fine Arts professions (architects.
jandscupe architects and planners). They produced a report that included
feconmnéndations for the area. With greal foresight and vision, they proposed the
conservatton and restoration of the “open valley” as a park on the grounds at
“economy, convenience, and heauty.” These ideis were brought to fraition chirey-
eight years later with the creation of the Rock Creek Parkway.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ATIONAL Capital Reion

185



208

Friendship Hill National Historic Site (PA}

LeCoff, Tima Van Dyke, Cultural Landscape Report: Friendship fil National
Historic Site. Philadelphia: USDI, NPS, 1993. 140 pp.
B: 017616

Friendship Hill National Historic Site, located in Fayette County. Pennsylvania.
was the vountry estate owned by Alben Gailatin, who served as Secretary of the
Treasury between 1801 and 1813, under Presidents Jefferson and Madison. The
site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 and commemorates the
tite of Galtatin. Gattatin’s original estate consisted of 394 acres. However, the
National Park Service now owns more than 650 acres. The additional land, added
by post-Gallatin owners, is considered to be of significance in state and Focal history.
This report fucuses on the historic core. which consists of a large, level, open area
containing tie Gallatin House and a cluster of sccondary buildings, which include
a stone weil, gazebo, frame bara aud National Park Service facilities, Aldrough the
focus is op the central core area, information 1s also given on the wider vernacular
pe, Which comprised the country estate, as the whole landscape is consilered.
pvally related 16 the historic core,

The house has been recently restored to its [904 appearance and the whole site is
undergoing general rebabilitation. in preparation for future visitor use, the
constguction of a new parking lot aad comfort station are being undertuken, The
rehabilitation work highlighted the peed for further information on the historic
landscape and initiated this CLR. The aim of the research is to document and make
recommendations for the cultural landscape features in the bistortc core of the
park, A historian and a cultural landscape architect have undertaken the research,
Tt includes a field survey of the existing landscape and analysis of historical
documentary materials, including Gallatin’s manuscripts, historical photographs,
maps and plans ia the park archives. Existing studies, such as the historic resource
suudy, historic structure report, histone fumisbing study, and vegetation study are
also consulled to provide historical daa.

The report contains a chronology of owners and cultural influences. and sections
on the history of laud use, circulation, vegetaion history. and secondary historic
structures.

‘The landscape retains a high degrce of integrity from the 1890s, Ne extant cultural
landscape feature: trom the Gallatin eva, 1786-1832. and thene 15 a lack of
indicative documentary evidence. However. the cominuity of the natural landscape
is considered to link the Gallatia cra to all subsequent eras.

Given the continuity of the natural [andseape and the character of the man-made
features. thice xcenarivs for managing and interpreting the landscape are presente:
Gallatin-like landscape; Landscape that matches the period that the house reflects:
and 1991 Landscape. Detailed treatment recommendations are not included.

Cutrurat Lanoscape BrsuioGRarHy: RESOURCES iN THE NaTionai. Park Syste



estate peciod of the site. The prefered treatment is for the 1886-1899 eva because
of its close association with the farm of James Garfield anc the case of interpretation
il provides. Both treatment plans recommend rehabilitation of the landscape.
emphasizing the replacement of inissing materials based on photographs,
archeological evidence and other documentation. Both treauneot plans are co de
implemented in a lony-tenn phased pkan of development.

Extensive photographs und maps ure provided at the end of the report and include:
period maps; the J. Wilkinson Elliot Phan (1900); maps of the tealment alternatives:
amaps of recommended archeological investigations: parking studies. zraphs and
other documentatton.

Jefferson National Expansion Memorial {MO)

Bellavia, Regina M, Cudferal Landscape Report, Jefferson National Expansion
Memariat. St. Louis, Missi, Omaha: USDI. NPS, Midwest Field Acea,
Great Plains System Support Oftice, Cullural Resourves Division, 1997.
236 pp.

i: 7 HO

The Jefferson National Expansion Memorial is a 90.96-acre purk located on the
west-bank of the Mississippi River in St. Louis, Missouri. [Lis aationally signiticant
as a comniemoration to Thomas Jeflerson and the others responsible for the nation’s
territorial expansion ta the west, The memorial marks the embarkrnent point at
westward expansion aad is the symbolic ecanomic hab of expansion efforts. Lhe
symbolic 630 foot high stainless steel arch is also significunt as an architecture}
feature and far its enginecring merit, Designed by Leto Saarinen, in collaboration
with Dan Kiley, the memorial is signiticamt as the work of a master architect and
landscape architect respectively. The national design competition, evolution of
design development and the implementation of the development plan tor the
Memorial occurtest over an extended period of time, 1947-1986, whi¢h is considered
the periad of significance for the site. Properties which are Jess thaa 50 years ole
aust be of “exceptional importance” in order to be consiclered for inclusion on the:
National Register of Historic Places. The Arch is recognized as historically
significant because it hus architectural and engineering design valuc, whieh will
enchise the test of lime.

This CLR is imended to provide a detailed hislory of the designed landscape,
identify its character-defining features and offer recommendations for future
planning decisions, The methodology used in completing the report included the
review of archival documentation. (drawings & specifications), Superintendent's
monthly reports, correspondence of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
Association, photograpts. and other weitten material. {interviews were
vonducted of those associated with the construction of the site and combiacd wih
petiod construction photographic documentation. A field inventary was conducted
to document existing conditions, SIL of dis information was compiled and
summarized to form the basis of the treatment recommendations.

This report is organized inte six chapters: Management Sumnrey, History of Desiga
Development; Physical History of the Landscape; Invemory ot Existing Conditions:
Statement of Significance snd Analysis of Integrity: and Treatment

Cultural LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM


NoriHeast Recto:

Hugins, Walter B. Histarcal Base Map Narvative. Minuteman Nationat
Historical Park. Boston: GSD, NPS. 1959, 29 pp.
B: 010320

Lorader. John F Historic Grounds Reprot, Battle Roud. Fisk Hill Area Minute
Man National Histevic Park, Denver. USDI, NPS, 1972, 11 pp.
B: 000546,
C: OOOS46
T: A06/D-58

- Historic Grounds Report, Hartwell Tavern, Denver: USDL NPS.
1972, 16 pp.
B: 000591
C: GWS91
T: 406/D-35

Maicolm. Joyce L. The Scene of the Bawle. £775. Historic Grountls Report.
Minute Man National fistorical Purk, Cittinval Resources Management
Study No. £5. Baston: USDI, NPS, North Atlaniic Regional Office,
Division of Cultural Resources, 1985. 96 pp. (Anitatated}

B: 002349

€: WN23d9

T: 406/D-53

XN: PB86- 24 [569/PCADT/MEAOIT

METLAND Research Group, University of M:
Landscape Architecture and Regional Pi A Management Pan to
Bulance Cutiurat and Natural Resources: The Menute Man Natonat
Historw Park Case Study, Research Bulletin Number 744. Ainherst:
Massachusetts Agriculture Experiment Station, College of Food ancl
National Resources, University of Massachusets. Summer 1993. 258 pp.
B: OV7611

jassachusetts, Department of

Nahonal Park Service, Completion Report, Landscaping ut Elisha Janes
(Bullet tote) House, Minute Man National Historie Park, concord.
Massachusetts. N.p.i USDE NPS. 1979. 40 pp,

B: Q12777

C: 012777

Ronsheim, Robert D, Lane ia the Park-Netson Rowd Area, Minute Man
National Histovic Park. N.p. CSDL XPS. 1968. 126 pp.
B: 400120

. Ristoric Grounds Repart. Ehenezer Fiske Farm and Benjamin Fiske
: USDI. NPS. 1963. 11 pp.

25 Acres. ©)
B: G12775

“Foogood, Anna Coxe. Aisturec Grouitds Report, The Wayside, Denver: USDE
NPS, 1970, 200 pp. (Aunatated)
B: 000573
C: 00573
Ni 20371 SPCAIIMEAQE

ComPrEHeNsive BISLioGRAPHY 59



Colton, Harold S. Black Sand. (Singua indian Occupation Following Evsption
of Sunser Crater). ATbuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, (960.
B: 60080

Hevly. R.H., vt. al. Sediment cated Hatten Studies af Sunset Crater Cinder
Citadel Sink, Wuparki National Manwnens, Sane Be: USDT, NPS, od. 12

| pp.
B: 600520
Travis, Scott, Prehistoric Landscapes of Wapatki National Monument, Ecutoxy,
Land Use and Spatial Organization of Agriculmral Systems. (Dralt)
Santa er USDI, NPS. 1987. 150 pp.
B: 600527

Yellowstone National Park (ID, MT, WY)

Culpin, Mary Shivers. fhe Mistery of he Consiruction of the Road System in
Yellowstone National Park, 1872-72966. Historic Resource Study Vokune f.
Santa Fe: USDL NPS, 1994. 330 pp. (Annotated)

T: 101/19-524

Nuwonal Park Service. Report on Histurical Structures at Yellowstone National
Park, Santa Fe: USDIL NPS, 1960. 34 pp,
Ty; 000354
T: WD-524

44 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BiBLIDGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE Nariona: Park System


Shepley Bulfinch Rachirdson and Abbott, Lowell Nationat EHistorical Park
and Preservation District, Cuftural Resources frventary. Boston: USDL
NPS, Nonh Adaatic Regional Office, Pavision of Catturat Resources.
3980, 15 volumes,

Marsh-Biliings-Rockefefler National Historicat Park (VT}

Coffin. Margaret, Hiot Foulds. Barbara Yocunr, ind Bill Machurat. Carriage
Barn Landscape and Historic Suucture Report, Boston: USDI, XPS,
Obmsted Center for Landscape Preservation, Northeast Cultural Resources:
Center. 1998. 191 pp.

Foulds, H. Flint, Katharine Lacy, and Lauren Meier. Land Use History for
Marsh Billings National Historie Park. Culwurul Landscape Publication
No, 4. Boston; USDI, NPS. Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation.
199d. 122 pp, (Auoned}

BB: 017654
T: 456/D-3

Martin Van Buren National Historic Site (NY}

Biel. Paul, Margarct Coffin, and Charles Pepper. Preservation Maintenance
Plan, Martin Vau Buren National Historic Site. Boston: USDI, NPS,
Olmsted Center for Lanscape Preservauon. 1996, 100+ pp.

NortHeast Recion

Longfellow National Historie Site, N. Vantin’s pain

ComPREHENSIVE Breviocrapry

ng Of the Longfellow House from the north. (PS. 843)

57


Apostle Isiands National Lakeshore (WI)

Alanca. Amold R. Barty Agriculinee Within the Boundaries of the Apostle
Islands National Lakeshore: An Overview of Beat bonweod, Michixan,
Oak, Otter, Raspberry. Rocky. Sout Tivia and Stockton Istonds and the
Mainlend Unit, (Additional information for Basswood Island also
included). Madison: Univet . Departrent of Landscape
Architecture, 1985. 43 pp.

B: 0156356

Apostie Islands National Lakeshore consists of twenty-one picturesque ishands
dnd a 12-mile strip of mainiand shoreline dong the south shore of fake Superior.
The islands contain sandstone cliffs. sea cuves, beaches, old growth forest,
commercial fish camps and six historic light stations,

A previous study done by Alanen, Thompson and Tishler (1984), on the 3
development of the Apostic Islands presented information of the overall
development with particular attention to only three of the {skmds, By expanding
the previous study 10 include several other islunds, this report provides a more
comprehensive overview of agricuiauwe on the Apostle islands. Background
information is provided for d thal was builton what is now part of
the Apostle islanus Matakand Gnit with ad lion concernmg property
claims on Basswood Island,

‘The early agricultural content is pre: ster of Apostle Islands that
includes Bear. Ironwood, Michigan, Oak. Ouer, Raspberry, Rocky, South Twin,
Stockton, and the Mainland Unit. Information about initial homestealers is provicled,
as a broad overview of Istand seulement. The individual ishands are then
subsequently cussed, wilh spec’ Nformaion abou indivikhial homesteaders
‘on the island and their agsicultural endeavors, such as experimentation with the
growing of wheat, corn, vats, potatoes. hay and fru crees,

Tvis concluded that agricultural efforts on the Islands were extremely inurginal,
and each atiempt short lived. Although conditions were fairly conducive to une
growing of crops such as apples and other Iruits, there were various other factors.
that prevented the islands trom evolving into permanent agricultural settlements.
The wwo major limsting factors determined by this study are transportation
difficulties and the small of the islands. During the winter se: . December
sare completely cut off from the maniland,
Riven during the warmer months, when travel by boat was easier, storms. fog, and
distance still inhibited travel. Because of the. they could only
suppon a few farms. which finited the number of farities and individuals at aay
one time. This, in turn, left people feeling isolated and vulnerable with little

stitutions. such ay schools. [tis noted that although agricultural endeavors
were marginal in torms of income. the perceived agricultural potential of the iskands,
by both carly promoters and » ix an iMpertant aspect of the Apostle Islands”
history,

The rcport suggested subs
and archeological work.

went study of the Is!

inchuding sive inspe

eons,

Awnorateo BistiograpHy

Miowest Recion

133


Fredericksburg and Spotsy!vania County Battlefields
Memorial National Military Park (VA)

Engle, Reed 1. Histarte Seructive Pre:
Philaclelphia: USDL. NPS, Mid-At
B: 03747

ution Guide, Chatham Garden,
ic Regional Office, 1985. 125 pp.

Friendship Hill National Historic Site (PA)

LeColf, Tina Van Dyke. Cudtreraf Lendscape Report: Friendship All National
Historic Site. Philadelphia: USL, NPS, Mid-Atluptic Regional Office.
1993. 184 pp. tlanorared)

B: U17616

Marsh, John 2. and Svott Jacobs, ffisrorie Sreture Report, Architectural Duta
Section: Friendship Hill National Historic Site, Penusvivania. Denver:
USDI, NPS, Berver Service Cemer, 1984, 361 pp.
1B: 042925

Roddy, Daniel &. und Jeffrey . Hucomvos. Wgerarion Stady: friendship Hilt
National Historie Site, New Geneva, PA: USDI, NPS, Friendship Hilt
National Historie Site. 1986. 96 pp.

Umau, Harlan J., Kathleen W. Viera, and Scott Jacobs, Historic Resource
Study, Friendship Gill Narivaal Histor Penasytvania, Package No,
100, Denver: USDI, NPS, Denver Service Center, $981, 432 pp,

B: 010784
T: A76f1)-18h4

Van Dyke, Tina. Historic Landscape Report: Friendship Hill National Histeric
Site, Philadelphia: USDI, NPS. 1993, J84+ pp.
B: O€5585

Gateway National Recreation Area (NJ, NY)

Coffin, Margaret. Woody Plant biventory Jor Kort Wathsworth, Gateway
National Recreation Area. Boston; GSDI, NPS, Olmsted Center for
Landscape Preservation, 1995. 13 pp.

— —. Specinen Tree Preservation Maintenance Guide, Fart Hancock.
Boston: LISD1, NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation. 1994.
125 pp.

Foulds, Eliot. Historic Landscape Ass ent for Fort Hancock, Sandy Hook
Unit. Boston: USD]. NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation.
1996. 994 pp

Lacy, Katharine. “Site Histery and National Register Evaluation, * in Culture?
Resources Report for Fort Wadsworth, Staten fsfumel, New York, Boston:
USDL, NPS, New England Systera Support Office. 1995, 293 pp.

T: 6461-222

GurTuraL LANoscaPE BisLiockaPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTIONAL Park SYSTEM



organizations ia order to identily and protect the resources with integrity associated
with the Birth-Home Block of Martin Luther King. Jr,

San Juan National Historic Site (PR)

Cuisson, Richard C., Robert Helzheimer, and Maviorie Smith. Cefnerad
fandseape Report: El Castillo de San Felipe Det Marra, Milanta: USDI.
NPS. 1991. 84 pp.

B: 015550.

‘The San Juan National Tiistorie Site is located in San Juan, dhe capital of Puerio
Rico. The oldest masanry fortificatians located it the territorial United States were
begun by Spaniards in the 16" century to protect a strategic harbor guarding whe
sea danes to The new World,

‘The site comprises the principal fortifications associated with ihe city, situated on
lhe sual Istet of San Juan and the detached unit of Cubras Island. The 645 acre
Eset of San Juan is comiected hy bridges and causeways to the inodern metropolitan
area af the city. The historic district is today a very dense urban venter, consisting
predominantly of mixed commercial and high density yesidentin) areas. Tt was
designated a World Heritage Site hy UNESCO in 1984,

This CLR focuses on one area ait the site -the Esplanade of Et Morto, in the
extreme aordh west of the Island. which hegar as a fortified site in about 154), The
study crea use includes wo adjacem parcels of land auiministered by the National
Park Service,

A teuni consisting of a historical architect and two lundscape arehilecis prepared
the separ. It aims to identify, evaluate and determine appropriate recommendations
for the development and inanagement of the Exptanade based on an analysis of the
historical evolution, and the significance and integrity of the extant landscape, The
historical resvarch was bi bn a review of primary and secondary ducumentacy
sources and an analysis of the existing fandscape. This report is a component of
the San Juan Historic Structures Report.

‘The first scction, Administrative Duta, provides a statement af significance and
Teviews other plans and proposals relevant to the siae, for example, recommendations
made in the General Master Plan, Planning perspectives. management zoning anc
preservation philosophy are also ouifined.

The dacumeniary datz and analysis section includes a short narrative of landscape
history recording the evolution al the site from [54-1 991, Iris based on information
that includes maps, phoroguapbs, sketches, books and other written and/or graphic
imattertals, Two distinctive historic periods are identified: the Spanish occupation
(t540- (898); and the Lnited States occupation (1898-[96]), For the duration of
the Spanish occupation, an open and undeveloped Jundscape existed. Vegetation
and structures on the Esplanade were kept to 2 minimum to ensure clear sight lines
for defensive purposes, Moflowing the U.S. oecapation of the site in E898, the
landscape of the Esplanade changed considerably, with new buildings constructed,
vegetation planted and small-scale features such as fences, goli greens, and baseball
diamonds instalied.

ANNoTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

319





Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (Ml)

Weekley, Rachel F.. Quinn Lvans Avchitests, and Land and Cormmunity
Associates, Cutan! Landscape Report: Ar Sable Light Station, Pictured:
Rocks National Lakeshore. Omaha: USDI, NPS, Michwest Regional
Support Office, 1999. 151 pp. Annotated)

Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (Ml)

Haswell, Susan Olson anc Arnold R. Alanen. 4 Gardest Apart: An Agricudtered
and Serilement History of Michigan's Sleeping Bear Dunes Nationat
lakeshore Region, Owal JSDL, NI Midwest Regional Office. State
Historic Preservation Office. Michigan Bureau of History, 1994, 181 pp
tAnnetated)

B: 016008
T: 634/D-72

MacDonald, Evie and Arnold R, Alanen. Tending a Comfortable Wilderucss:
An Agrientiural History of North Manitou stand, Sleeping Bear Dunes
National Lakeshore. (Dratd. Omaha: USDIL NPS. 1999. 350 pp.

MeLinaney. Marla, Williain Fi Tishier, and Amofd R. Alanen, farming at the
Water's Edge: An Assessment ep Agriculteral and Crttural Landscape
Resources in the Proposed Port Oncida Rural Historie District at Steeping
Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan. Omaha: CSDL NPS. 1995,
407 pp.

B: OH6S8.

Quinn Evans Avebitects and Land and Community Associates. Historic
Structure Report and Cultural Landscape Repori for Seath Manito fstand
Lightstation. Omaha: US. NPS, 1999, 242 pp.

Wiltiams, Brenda Wheeler, Acnold R. Alancu, and Welliane fishler. Comitz
Through With Rye: A Historic Agricultural Landscape Study of South
Manitou Island at Sleepin Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan,
Omaha: USDA NPS, 1996. 294 pp.

3: 017205

Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site (MO)

Weekley, Mark. Culluraf Landscape Assessunent of Utysses S. Grant National
Historic Site. (Draft). Omaha: CSDL, NPS. 1993. 60 pp. (Annotated;
B: 017687
‘T. 357/D-8

Voyageurs National Park (MIN)

Wyatt. Barbara. The Logging Era at Voyageurs National Park: Historie
Contexts aud Property Types. Omaha: USD, NPS, Midwest Support Office
and University of Wisconsin-Madison. 1999. 201 pp.

B: O87 747

24 Curtural Lanpscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES Iti THE Nationa, Park SYSTEM



As a result of the rescarch, maps for each of the historic periads of Bort Smith any
developed, The report describes the natural landscape and vegetation of the site

and ihe cultural landscape of the fest fort, second fort, and judictal periods. The
natural vegetation 3s divided into the bottornland forest, canebrake. upland forest.
and upiand prairic. The cultural fandscape descriptions document structures,
vegetation, and paths aud roads for cach of the three historic periods. Historic
landscape clenwents beyond the park boundasies are also described,

{ris concluded that by relying on historical documentation it has been possible to
arrive at 4 reasonable understanding of the 1817 fandscape, and to trave ts evolution
over the following 80 years from a natural to a cultural landscupe, The description
and mapping of the three significant periods are intended wo assist future landscape
iglagement projects at Fort Smith, However, several limitations are reengnized
and outlined. Recommendations are made to ensure that any future landscape work
ishistoneally accurate. [is suggested that any potential reconstructions he reinstated
lo be archaeologically verilied,

National Park Serview. Landscape Management Plan, Fort Smith National
Historic Site. Onvaba: USD], NPS. 1986. 57 pp.
B; GOO18$
T: 421/35

Fort Smith National Historic Site in Arkansas was designated in [961 to preserve
the original site of the Fort, which was oue of the first U.S, military posts in the
termhory. The site also includes land associated with a second fort and the federal
court where Judge Parker served for 2] years. It covers a total of 75 aer

‘This Landscape Management Plun for Vort Smith, was undertaker by 2 aualti-
disciplinary team which included a landscape architect, the park superintendent.
an archacologist, park ranger, maintenance chief, historian, and a natural resources.
specialist, as well as other associated conswhants. It provides an action plan For
implementation of the landscape related clements of the General Management
Plan/Development Concept Plan/Interpretive Plan (1978. revised 1981). The
Tandscape Management Plan uses the historic data presented in the 1984 historic
landscape study for the site.

The two gouls of landscape management at (ort Smith are (a enhance visitor
understanding of the three historic periods and to complement historic resource
integrity, The objectives and rationale for each of these goals are outlined and the
constraints 19 and opportunities for landscape management are discussed.

Four graphic plans are included in the repost and cover utilities, landform,
vegetation, and site development und provide a visual presentation of the landse: pe
management plan. The niajor part of the text describes jinplementation of the
(eauments proposed in the plan, ‘The treatments are described for four different
areas: the ground plane, the vertical plane, the cultural resources. and the external
features. In addition visitor circulation and support needs, and operational needs
are also discussed.

‘The final chapter of the report deals with the phasing of the projects. The main
clemeats of the plan are prioritized for action.

CurturaL Lanoscape BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM


RTHEAST REGION

Petersburg Nationa! Battlefield (PA}

Andropogon Assoviates
for the Petersburg
pp.
B: 014667
3251-5

Lad. Eenrttworks Landscape Manugenwnt Action Phen
Yanonat Batttetietd, Philadelphia; USD, NPS. 1988.

The Union Army's siege of Petwrsburg began in 1864 and lasted ten months in an
attempt to seize Richmond, the capital of the Conlederate states, Petersburg National
GBattlefick! comains many of the sites assocntted with that Civil War siege, The
Main Unil covers 1,428 acres und includes a major tour road, In addition re ae

outiying park unils made up of various forts and carthworks and City Point,
where Clysses $, Gram made bis headquarters at Appomattox Manor for the final

tes months Of the

Sy

This report outlines the pressures on earthwork sites. Urban expansion and
residential and industrial development can gready alter dhe histori¢ scene. while
EXCESS¥E ViSHOT Use Cart cituse crosion an! degradation of the carihwork structure,
At Petersburg. the scene today is considered t) be very different from 1864.
Whereas. af the time of the Civil War the area was largely pastoral, it is now atmost
eately covered in secondary woodland, Openings in the forest occur only along
the tour ruad at major vestior stops. The situation is very differem at uther bauiefietd
sites such as Gettysburg, where conventional iandscape managenticnt strategies
emphasize the matitentnee ot restoration of the open kurdscapes of the Cisit War
pend. This approach is considered! inappropriate at Pctershurg because of the
poor configuration of the park boundaries, the necd Jor screening the encroaching
urbanization, the uddinonal maintengnee commitment that more open arcas would
require, and natyal resource considerations.

The Eanworks M ment Action Plan has two major aims: to develop a
recommended landscape management play which represents a consensus of tbe
parks inlerpretive goals, and to coordinate this avtion phan with the Masntenance
Management System (MMS), the computer management prog am which is intended
nthe park
Ss in this report build on previous research by
Andtopogon Associates, Fad. In the form of the 1989 Earthworks Landscape
Management Manet.

Landscape management recommendations arc made for the four main areas of the
Petersburg Batulelichl: Main Cail, Outlying Ports and Earthworks. City Point. and
Fort Abbot in the town of Hopewell, Diagrammatic sketches iilustraws each of the
recommendations.

s secommiended that curl be confined to
areas of high visitor use arid a narrow steip along the roadside. ‘The only exception
to this is the Crater, which curently is turfed and is a fencedt anifact. Tall sy
considered to be the most saritable cover for all interpreted earthworks, includ
the embankment portions of furts and the Hines af breastworks, The yeneral pattern
would be for turf on the Mat flooe with tall grass on the vulnerable bentis. which
ure unsuited to trampling. fhe comecting carthworks would alse be

Sor the Main anit as a gener rule, i

Annotated BIBLIOGRAPHY 231


Ricley & Assoviates. Recoumended Guidelines for the Restoration,
Muintenance and Use of Carriage Roads at Acadia National Park. 2 Vols.
Boston: USDI, NPS. 1989, 331 pp. (Annatated)

1: 18501
T: 123/7)-99

Ricley, William D, und Roxanne S. Brouse. Historic Resvurce Study for the
Carriage Road System, Acadia National Park, Mount Desert stand,
Maine. 2 Vols. Boston: USDI, NPS. 1989. 331 pp. (Annotated)

B: G1S138
123/D-100

Adams National Historical Park (MA)

Albee, Margaret. Richard Crisson, Judith Jacob, and Katharine Lacy. Historic
Structures Report Jor United First Parish Church (Unitarian. Lowell:
USDI, NPS, Northeast Cuitural Resources Center, 1996, 394 pp.

B: OL7053
TV: 386/12-2)

Coffin, Margaret, and Charles Pepper, ffistoric Orchard Management Plea,
Adams National Historic Site. Boston: SDI, NPS, Olmsted Center for
Landscape Presereation. 1994, 100 pp.

. fanitscape Preservation Maistenance Plan, Adams National
Historie Site. Boston: USD. NPS. Olmsted Center for Landscape
Preservation. 1994. 150= pp.

Coffin. Margaret. and Kristin Claeys and Charles Pepper. Historie Plane
Inventary, Adams and Reale Properties, Aduins National Historie Site.
Boston; USDI, NPS, Ghusted Center for Landscape Preservation. 1994,
300+ pp.

Harris, Wilhelmina §. and Gea
The Duck Poud, Quincy, M
B: 012588

Lo Wrenn. Fistoric Stractures Report, Part t,
JSDL NPS. 1964. 6 pp.

Harris, Wilhelmina S. Furaishings Report of the Old House. Vol. 9. Quincy.
MA: LSDE NPS, 1968, 93 pp. ¢Anaotated)
B: 015612

Lacy, Katharine. Cultrrat Landscape Report: Addo National Historic Site,
fitustrated Site Chronology, Cultural Landscape Publication No, 13,
Boston: LSB, NPS. Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation. [997.
76 pp. fAnnatated)

B: 17614
Tr 3861-25

44 Cutturat Lanoscape BisuioGrarHy: Resources IN THE NaTioNaL Park System



Primary sources of information [or ihe research include the Lexington, Concord,
and Lincoln Tax Lists, Deeds, und Valuation Recards for tbe years betweer L771
(801 and the Middlesex County Registry of Probate tor wills and testaments for
six local farmers of the fate eighteenth century.

The information js intended Ww aid restoration of the historical and natural
euviromuent of the park, afthovgh no specific recommendations are made.

Morristown National Historical Park (NJ}

Ehrenteld. Joan G. Vegetation of the Marristawn National Historical Park:
Ecological Analysix and Management Implications. Nps USDI. NPS.
1977. 162 pp.

B: 015614
T: 337-3

Morristown was the quarters for the Continental Army for twa critical winters
during the Amecican Revalutiou, [777 and [779-80. The site was designated a
Nutianal Historical Park in 1933 aud covers # total of 1,670 acres, The purpose of
this study is to record and deseeihe the vegetation which comprises the vernacula
landscape of one section of the histaric site, the Jackey Hollow, which cavers 166
actes, The current woody vegetation of ihe area is deseribed, and successional
trends ta the vegetation are analyzed, The pre-settlement vegetation and land use
history of the area are also described. The inrormation is presented in the technical
Section of Ure report and on four maps, three of which illustrate the distributions of”
the plant communities. The fourth map depicts historical aspects of the oatural and
cultivated vegetation,

The report is divided into two main sections. The first section proviules u statement
for management, which contains recommendaions, derived from the results of
the research, ‘Me aii of the park is to create an environment in which visitors care
appreciate the life and times of the ordinary soldiers who caruped there, At the
lime of the report, however, the park did not iitend to actively replicate the original
forest cover. In light of these aims, it is suggested that a policy of non-interycation
is ihe most uppropriate minagement option. Specilic management problems we
discussed, These principally concern the growth of vines, impact of deer, impact
ypsy morhs, and control of exotic plants, Active min: ntinvolving spraying,
tree removal, or cleuning should not be necessary, Other management issues
addressed include the preservation of archeological artifacts and management of
open areas. A inowing schedule for the fields and orchards is recommended to
increase their ecological value.

The second section of the repurt provides the technica) data, The text includes
desenptions of the physical environment. the woody fora, methads of vegetation
study and detailed anal; af the plant communities and std types. The rests
of the survey are presenicd on vegetation saps. increment borings enabte tree
growth rates tw be discussed, The land use hiscary and the original vegetation arc
alyv summarized. The final chapter of the text presents an analysis of the
successionat trends of plant communities. in the context of curreat thcories of
ecvlogical succession, Reference information and guises i the en:
the appendices,

Is are given in

CurturaL Lanpscape BIBLIGGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park SysTEM


INTERMOUNTAIN REGION

Fort Davis National Historic Site (TX)

Greene, Jerome AL Historic Resource Sd: Fort Davis National Histavie Site.
Santa ie: USDI. NPS. 1986. 588 pp.
T: 4IWD-24

Nationa? Park Service. Historic Scene Management Plan, Fort Davis Nationat
flisturte Sete, Sama Ve: USDA, NPS. 1983. 19 pp.
B: OL301S

Nelson, James T, The Historica! Vegetation Aspect of Surt Davis National
Historte Site, Texas, Santabe: USDE NPS. 1981. 103 pp.
B: OOD179
T: 4184-12

Fort Laramie National Historic Site (WY}

Keohan. Thomas G, Pretiniiary Cattarat Landscape Report -fare Larrenniv
National Histone Site, Goshen County. Weomiag. Santi Fe: USDI, NPS
1993, 55 pp. (Annonued)

B: 017605

National Park Service. Fart Laruntie, National Historic Sue. Crdtarat
Landscape Report, (Draft). Denver: USDL NPS, Denver Service Center.
1999. 100+ pp.

Golden Spike National Historic Site (UT}
Landscape Systems Inc. Golden Spike Notional Historie Site, Cultarat
Landscape Report, (Draf0. Santa Fe: USDI NPS, 1999, L001. pp

Grand Canyon National Park (AZ)

DiLucido, Mark. Phantom: Ranch Rural Histarte District, Landscape
faventary, 199}, Grend Canvoa National Park, Santa Fe: USDI, NPS.
1991. 22 pp. ¢Annotated}

B; 015537

Robinson, Greg and Zchra Osman. Rehabilitation Plan und Crftural
Landscape Reconmencdtations for National Park Service Housing in Grane
Canyon Village Historie District, Grand Canyen National Park, Arizono,
Santa Fe: USDL NPS, 1993, 164 pp. (unrated)

B: 017636
T: LI MD-38)

Grand Teton National Park {WY)

Graham. Roy Eugene, Bur B-C Dude Ranch, Port “ Historical Landscape
Study, Santa Fe: USD NPS. 1994. 105 pp.
B: O17

10 CULTURAL Lanpscapr BiatioGraPiy: Resources IN THE Nationa: Park System


NOIDSAY LSAMAIIA]



Reynard, ric and others. Paradise: A Preservation and Design Study Paradise
Inn, Mz. Rainier National Park. Engenc: University of Oregon. LBS.
150+ pp. (Annotated;

B: 15605
T: 105/19-160,

Svhiligen, Lora J. Managing a Rustic Legacy: A Historic Landscape Study and
Management Plan for Longmire Springs Historic District, Mow Rainier
National Park, Seattle: USDT, NPS. 1986. 358 pp. fAauorated)

B: 015606
T: 10549-1132,

Nez Perce National Historical Park (ID, MT, OR, WA)

Cation, Ted, Nez Perce National Historical Park, Administrative History.
Scuttle: USD), NPS, Pacific Northwest Region. 1996. 176 pp,
(Annotated)

B; 64728)
TF: 429/D-39

Dolan, Susan. Land Use History for White Bird Batitefield, Nez Perey National
Histaricad Park, Seuttle; USDI. NPS, Pacifie Northwest Region, Columbia
Cascades System Support Office, Cultural Resources Division, 1997, 39
pp-

Gilbert, Cathy A. Grewhen A, Loxcnberg and Marsha R. Tolon. Historic
Landscape Report; Spalding Unit: Nez Perce Nativnal Historical Park,
idaho. Seattle; USDI, NPS, Pacitic Nonhwest Regional Office, Cultura
Resausces Division. 1990, 147 pp, (Antorated)

B: O1S224
Ts A29/19-32
N: PBOL- 105288

Olympic Nationa! Park (WA)

Florence, Hank and Gule BH. Evans. Historie Structures Report: Lake
Crescent Lodge, Olympic National Park, Seattle: USDI. NPS, 1984. 175
pp. fAnnarated)

B: 02997

C, 012397

T: 1494-87

N: PBSS-230500/ASPCA0S/MFA0]

Freier. Renee L. Rosemary by: A Historic Landscape, Obonpic National Park,
Seattle; USDI. NPS. 1987. 63 pp. (Aunatateds
B: 014079
T; 149/D-199

ComPREHeNsive BisLiogRAPHY 77


s evaluated based upon
is Found to be significant
because itis the first designed nual national parkway in America. The pre-
sectinns of the Blue Ridge Parkway are found to be significant in the history of
parkway’s for ihe follow sociated with the New Deal
which made possible the con: ys; They embody the
an important type und period of parkway construction:
and they possess high artistic values. Certain post war additions 1 the Parkway
ave cOnstdered to be of significance as well.

hy the conclusion secommen
Parkway to the Ni

ions are made for the nomination of the Blue Ridge
ional Register, including a boundary description and a hst of
conuibutny resen he Report points our whut althor
Parkway are less than fifty ¥¢ portant Lo rect
of the Parkway. Recommendations are also made regarding the protection and
management of the res s presentect in the study, The Report speciiically
recommends that the Parkway should be managed as a designed historic landscape,
and therefore, future management policies should be based upon the original design
tatent. The Report mentions further arcas of research, including features of he
voad, landscapes and cultural resowees,

cae

th. lan JW. Moses H. Cone Memorial Purk Cutuaat Landscape Repori, Bie
Ridge Parkway, Nort Carotina, Atlanta: USD, NPS. Southeast Regional
Ottice, Cultural Resource Planning Division. 1993. [78+ pp.

B: 015543

GN /D-363

focated aloag the Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina, tre Moses 1. Cone
Memorial Park serves as an example of a Country Place Era estate that began with
the purchase of a act of land by Moses Cone in 1893. Near the ture of the century.
many wealthy businessonn were seeking country hames as escapes from the
Moses Cone had 1 in textiles wd purchased property on the nonih
je of Blowing Rock. North Carolina, He began (0 build his manor house in 1899
and the estate cominued to grow until 1908, The Cones had no children and the
Property was etven to the Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital im Greensboro, North
Carolina after the death of Bertha Cone, Moses’s wife, in 1947. The Hospital
subsequently transferred the property lo the United States of America and the
National Park Service assumed the responsibility of maintaining the property as a

park and pleasure ground tor the public. In the }850s, the Blue Ridge Parkway
was consoucted through the estate, and the Manor House is sow used as a craft

center by the Southern Highlands Uandicraft Ciuild.

The objectives of this report arc to identify, evaluate and determine appropriate
Anagenent options for the Estate. The report is organrzed into six categories:
presem landscape, the historic landscape, changes over time, i
Managemen alternatives, and recommendations,

‘The present landsvape is described! through the use of maps and text, which di
the following features of the site: Mountains. streams, forest
and land a

Annotaten BistioGraPHy

SouTHeast Recion

307


such as the Presidia. ‘The Presidio cacompasscs one of ihe highest points witha
San Francisco overlooking the city, the bay and the Golden Gate Bridge.

The Presidio of San Francisco represents onc of the fincst collections of mutitary
architecte in the United States, and reflects over 200 years of development under
thice different nations. Today, the Presidio boasts more than 790 britdings, of
which 473 ure historic and contribute to uke Presidio’s status as a National Historic
Landmark District. The building types rasge trom clegant officers’ quarters and
barracks, to large, industeial warchouses, administrative headquanters, air hangars,
major medical facilities, and stables. This rich diversity of architectural styles si; gnals
many ¢ilferent building campaigns that narrate the story of the Presidio’s growth
into a significant western United States Army post. Entize streetscapes of histone
s that are EMportant in

The Presidio was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1962, The
district’s period of significance spans from 1776 lo 1945 and includes sites,
buildings. structures. objects, archeulogical resources, road coridors, and landscape
features. The Presidio’s landmark status is nol based upon individual buildings.
but rather a collection of diverse buildings and suuctures represeuting the many
Jayers of military history present at this one site,

“This report is an architectural history of the Presidio and its natural resources, [tis
composed of an darraduction, an Architectural History. a description of Architecturat
Sryles at the Presidio, and concludes with 4 summary ot The Presidio Today, Wis
supporied with ample photographs and a source list for further information.

keke

EDAW. Inc.. et.al, Sune Historic District Comprehensive Design and
Environmental Assessment. Volume 1, Seattle: USDI, NPS. 1993. 50+ pp.
B: 017603
T: 6411-204

Asa part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, the Sutro Historic District
has been significant in the development of recreation within the City of San
Francisco for well over 100 years. From the beginning of setitement in the Bay
Avca. people have been attracted to the site because of its natural features,
spectacul ews and the exciting experience of the land/acean “edge.” The period
of significance for the Suro Historic Districh is 1863-1938. (Sve the Cultural
Landscape Report. Vol. 2 of this study, for more detaited information regardi
chronological development of the District).

‘Where are four distinct zones withia the Sutro Historic District: Point Lobos, Sue
Daths, Cliff House Area, and Swro Heights. Together they comprise some of the
most Oulstinding scenic resources in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area,

In the National Park Service planning process, a Comprehensive Desigu Plan is an
interinediate step between a General Management Plan and technical documents
for the aviual construction of a facility. 1 is a “master plan” leve) of detail where
the location of elements anc! their relationship on the site are described. The specific
design of facilities will be accommodated in future studies with a greater level of
detail in regard 10 Jorm and materials as well as potential environmental unpacts.

270 CULTURAL LaNoScAPE BisLioGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SySTEM


Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (Ml)

Haswell, Susan ©.. and Arnold R. en. A Gurden Apart: An Agriculticral ane
Settlement History of Michizan’s Steeping Bear Dunes Nutionut Lakeshore
Reyioa, Omuba: USI, NPS, Midwest Regional Office, State Histarie
Preservation Office, Michigan Bureau of Uistory, (994. J81 pp.

Be OG608

SATII

The Sleeping Bear Dunes National Seashore, ereated by Congress in L970, inchides
Bengie and Leelanau Counties in the northwest corner of Michigan's Lawer
peninsulu. ) encompusses a large portion of Lake Mishivan's coast line and the
North and South Manitou lstands. The myst significant charges to Ure area occurred
at thie distinet times: in the 1860s with the Civih W: get oF the Homestead
Act. and the construction of stale eoads through the re:

‘The primary purpose of this report is le provide conrextuct! information that can be
used to interpret the Sleeping Bear Dunes Nutiomel Lakeshore region's agricultural
history, Subsequent researchers who locus upon specific agricultural districts and?
or issues within the J akeshore’s boundari¢s cart use énformation gained from this
Feport, This report is organized imo five chapters arnt cxariines:

1) Environmental factors influenving agriculture in the region. includic
uey, Soils. vegetation and climate

2) Patierns of setiiememt from Paleo Indian people 10 European and Canadian
inmigration tn the late 13605,

3) The evahuGon uf agciculiural practices from the native subsistence regimens to
“setemtific agriculture” of the 20th century.

The htsterical development of the site includes eight lime periods; Farly Hamers
and Gathers; Inspact of the Mur trade: Pioneer Settlements (1840s); Growth of the
Forest Product Industry (1890s): Highways and Slomesivaders (18605); Years of
Growth and Lxpuasion (1880-19/03; Agriculture as the Muinstiy (190-1974):
The Lakeshore Hra: Tourism and Recreation ((970- 1990),

The history of agricultural practices in the Sleeping Bear region is divided into
four overlapping phases distinguished hy characteristie crops, tecnalog: y. and land
use pattems. Tecntinology adopted (roi Lewis Mumior study Féchaics
and Civilization (1934) is used 10 describe the phases of the Sleeping Bear region
gad includes: Pre technic agriculture; From Kotechnic to Pateotcehnie: and
Neotechnic ayricuhure, which includes effects of the 193s Depression and World
War I.

The goal of this study és to increase the understanding of the agricultural evolution
of the Lakeshore region. The study encompassed the Oo county region of Bensie
and Leclanat in arder to understand che lucper cantext of the regia
history, Lake Michigan has pluyeu a major role in the development of a
practices of the vegion duc 20 its influence on transportation cowes. setiement
pattems and the local climate. Another signifigant theme idemilied in this study is
the impact of different ethnic geoups on the region in the form of their own fanniny
methods, building types and characteristic crups.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

159


ATIONAL Capital REGION

EDAW Inc. Culteral Landscape Report, Mount Vernoa Memorial Highway. 2
Vols. Washington, D.C.: USD. NPS, National Capitat Region. 1992.
150+ pp. felvmetated)

B: 04532
€: 14532
F. 880/1-93

Fanning. Dr, Ke codare Roosevelt tstand National Register Nomination.
(Dralt). Washington. D.C.USDI. NPS. 2000 120+ pp.

Hanoa. Jennies, Mavrecn Delay Joseph, Anna Dyniek and Nick Pacash.
Cultural Landscape Report, Arlington Horse, The Robert E. Lee
Memariat. (Draft), Washington, 9.C.: USDL NPS. 1999. 260+ pp.

Garrow and Associates. Curdmaral faves
National Cemetery at Ariingion Courty, Virginia. Washington. 9.0.
USILNPS. 1998. 138+ pp.

gations at Section 29, Arlington

Kyesscox Associates. Historic Structures Report: Arlington Memoriat Briige,
Mashingran, 2.C. Washiogwn, 0.0.2 Kresscox Associates, RC. 1986,
238+ pp.
B: O13758,
KN: PRS6-24 1G0V/PC ADLIMEAQ]

McCormick, Charles H. Custis-Loe Mansion: Historical Data For Grounds.
Washmyton, D.C. USDI. NPS. 1968. 81 pp. Anmetated)
Bh: 092
C: GO1092
T: 835/94

Mullins, Agnes 12., Bruce B, Powell, and Leroy Skillinan, Historie Groreids
Report, Part Ui, the Custis-Lee Mansion Flower Garden. Washington, D.C:
USD NPS. L964. 66 pp. fAmterated)

B: 012171
C: 032171
T: SS3/D-8

National Park Service. Jidex co Specifications. Restoration of Flower Garden
ad Stanmerhouse at Custis-Lee Mansian, (DrafO. Washington, DC:
USDI, NPS. 1964. 13 pp.

B: DI3627

‘Thorns, Lindsay Kay, dr The dsipact af Three Bxutic Plant Speciex on a
Potonac Hund. Theodare Roosevelt istand. Washington. J.C. USDE
NPS. 1980. 179 pp. [Annvrated)

B: O12165
C: 012165
T: §54/19 4

-_ Geomorphology and Vegetation of Theodore Rovsevelt fstand.
Washington, 1. SDI, NPS, National Capitel Regional Office. 1963
O)+ pp.

B: O1F5DS

CompPrenensive Biatiocrarty at



Schihgen, Lora J. Munson Valter, Crater Lake Nativnal Park. A Manual for
Preservation, Redevclopinent, Adaptive Use and Inverprenition, Svatile:
USDI, NPS. 1984. 107 pp. tnstotated}

B; 012881
Kz PB85-220127/ASPCADSAMEAOI

Death Valley National Park (CA)

Barker. Leo R., Ann G. Houston, cds, Dear Valley to Deadwood; Kennecott to
Cripple Creek Proceedings of the Historic Mining Conference. January
22-27, 1989, Death Valley National Monument. Scatile: USDL, NPS.
1990, 219 pp.

B: 615590
T: IAMT-135

Lethal. Aisteric Struciure Report, Death Valfer Seatty Historic
fs Main House and Annex. Seaule: CSDI, NPS. 1991, 849 pp.

B: QUS757
T: 143/1D-134

Ebey’s Landing Nationa! Historical Reserve (WA}

Dubrow, Gail, History af te Chinese of Ehev's Prairie, Whidbey bstand
Washington, Seaitle: University of Washington. 1999, 100 pp.

Gilden, Cathy A. Reasting the Citneral Landscape. Ehev’s Laording Natonat
Historwal Reserve. Seattle: CSDL, NPS. Pacific Northwest Regional
Oflice. Cultural Resource Division. 1995. 60 pp. (Aunatated)

B: 013728
: O13728
T. 4844943

Gilbert, Cathy A.. Gretchen Laxenberg and Aflen T. Comp, The aad, The
People, The Place: An introduction to the inventory, Ebey's Landing

National Historwal Reserve. Seatile: USDI, NPS. 1984. 66 pp.
(Annotated)
B: 12993

McGreevy, Elizabeth and Hank Florence. Design Considerations for Historic
Properties, Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve. Searle: USDI.
NPS. 1985. 19 pp. (Ansurated)

B: 012962
¢: 012962

McKinley, Laura, Air Uabrokea Record, Ebey's Landing National Historical
Res . Adminstrative History, Seatile: USDI, NPS. Pacific Northwest
Region, 1993, 185 pp.

T; 484/D-14

National Park Service. Auifding ead Landscape Inventory. Volumes A, B& C.
Ebev's Landing Natienal Historical Reserve. Seattle: USD\. NPS, Pacific

72 Cutturat Lanoscape BieuiockapHy: RESOURCES IN THE National PARK System



Suommary. History of Skytand and the Judd Gardens, Analysis aud Evaluation, and
Recommendations. The methodology for this report includes the consultation of
several repositones. and a number of mdividuals associated wath the site, With
HCant Merprektions are mrede
the Jude faunily tenun:. Field investigaiions are
ions of the garden and a multiple tayer
is developed to cecord information

of historic photographs curt
conducted Lo inventory ext
approdch to inventory anc ana
uf design purposes,

The report detertninedt (we periods of development of the Gardens: Judd’s initial
parchase of the Senane! Lodge site, ca. 1940 and purchase of several Victor
Mindedelf's properties, inching Tryst-of-the Winds, and five acres trom George
Pollock in 1922. Beeause the Judd Gardens are not listed on the National Register
ficial period of significance his nol been determined. For
the purposes of this teport the period of significance is defined as the time helween
the intial purchase of property in 1910 by George Judd until Mis. Judd’s death in
1958. The Judd Gardens are determined to have signific cording to Conter ion
A due to ils associution wilh a group of prominent people who were iw
conservation, un, politics und business, and Cruerion © as it is a vare 5
example of the spstic collage garden genre during this period. The Gardens also
contribwie te our understanding of the development of outdoor recreation aid resort
copimumitics tthe U.S, durntg the late ninetecnuh and carly twentieth centuries,

‘The rcport idenhfies thar the Judd Gardens are tbreatened because ol their deelimag
condition, however, the landscape stil] retains integrity and the ability to represent
atu Appalachian garden anc hocticuluwe shou phe SsOckWed With d rustic Maun
cesart. The recomended treatment for the garden is protection and rebabilitation.

Springfeid Armory National Historic Site (MA}

Albright, John. Historic Srracrere Repart: Ristorwal Data and Historical Base
Map. Springfield Armory Nelional Historie Sue, Denver: USD, NPS, 1978,
150 pp.

B: 013611
P. A58/D- 1304

Springfield Armory, Massachusetts, was established in 1777 wt the sine of the
American Revolution, Until 968, it was a center for the manulacwure of US.
military small arms and the scene of many important technological advances. Mt
wus designated as a Nauonal Eiscoric Site in 1974 and a large weapons muscum
now located in the original Main Arsenal Bui

This study consists of ihe historical data secon and historical base map of the
Historic structures report for the Armory. The nagrative documents the development
of the site and includes appropriate illustrations. Most of the data for the study
comes fron three lovations: the U.S, National Archives, the U.S, Military History
Research Collection, and Springlicld, Massachusetts. ‘The study focuses on the
structures, although there is also some infornittion on the ground rexample
the construcuon of walkways across the square and the installation of landscape
features such as fountains and wees. The report also includes the resulls of a study
of the trees at Springfield ia 1913 and a 1964 tee survey plan.

Annoraren BiguoGRaPHy

NortHeasT Recion

241


SoutHeast Recion

308

As the period of greatest development on the site, the historic landscape ([893-
1947} is reviewed along with the changes to the landscape which transformed the
property (o its estate, The Iandscape components tor the historic period include
camage roads, orchard, pastures and meadows. forests, deer parks and plantations,
jakes and ponds, and buildings and gardens. the physical characteristics of which
are described in text, photographs and maps.

Through this study, the Estate was devermined to be significant ander Critcrion C,
because iis a designed landscape with distinctive characteristics of a Country
Place Exa estate that has high arlistic value, The park is also significant for its
ion with Moses Cone, who made important contributions to the textile
in the South (Criterion B).

The Management Strategies chapter reviews the Seerelary of the Interior's Standards
for Clistoric Preservation scven pruservation strategies, as well as alternative
management strategies, The significance of cach landscape componcat is then
summarized and any threats to ils Mtegnity ate noted, Recommendations ar: made
for preservation or rehabilitation as appropriate for the resource. Alternative
Mangement stralegies are considered for areas where preservation or restoration
strategies are nor practical. The Recommendations chapter stales the aim of
Management ko be to “preserve sufficient evidence of the historic character of the
prirk to cuable the public ta anclerstanc! its significance,” Because of the achievement
in Lindscape architecture and engineering at the Cone Estae, the restoration of the
catiage road system js priority, but must include measures to preserve the historic
landscape visible from the parkway. This requires the combination of all the
Preservation strategies protection, stabilizauon. preservation, rehabilitation and
recoOnstuclion. Where this is not feasible, a program should be estublished lo salvage
or record disappearing resources.

saeee

National Park Service. The Blue Ridge Parkway. and the Denver Service Center,
Visueel Character of the Blue Ridge Parkway. Atlanta: USD! NPS. 1997,
309 pp.

B: 017653
Th OL/D-433,

The evolution of parkway design in America during the 1930s and 1940s culminated
with the miliation of the park way into the rural environment, which would establish
ancotircly new vernacular and context lor parkway design. The Blue Ridge Parkway
was one of the first of the “rural parkwaysTM to be conceived, Its original purpose
was ta link two national parks—Shenaadoal National Park in Virginia, and the
Creat Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and North Carolina to the
south—a distance of over 469 miles.

As the scene shifted from urban (9 tural America. parkway designers and planners
were Taced with an entirely new scries of challenges. Although many of the
successful components of parkway design were better understood. they had never
been applied beyond the vity seale.

This document is intended as a basis for understanding those aspects vf road anil
building design det give the Blue Ridge Parkway its Uistinctive character. It is

Curtura Lanpscare BipuioGraPHy: RESOURCES IN THE National Park System


The Comprehensive Design Plan consists of three interrelated studies: the Cultural
Landscape Report, the Comprehensive Design. wid the Haviromnental Assesstnent.
Phe Cultura] Landscape Reper is contained ina separate document, Vol. 2. while
a third document contaias the reports of the specialized constiltanis on the project
team, Vol. 3.

The goals for the project were set through interactive workshops with NPS
personnel. the public, and the constiltant tear and fed to the following gouls:

Retain the spirit of adventure, innovation and bold design exhibited by Adalph
Sutro while incarpoyating sustainable design uppropriute (v the 2] si century.
Create a presenee und ideatity for this NaGonal Park unit and provide a
significantly enhanced visitor experivnee.

Determine the significance and intext
natual landscape and develop a “self mi
and enhances them.

Develop a design that is well imegrated with its urban context in San Francisca.

¥ of buth the cultural landscape and the
iting” design that balances, integyittes,

Atthe time of this report, the Sutro Historie District was in a deteriorated condition
and did not provide the level of visitor experience that is expected at lavations
within the National Park system in the United States. The repent states that one of

Golden Gate National Recreation Arca, Presidio, Historic view of a residential avenue. (NPS, ¢. £590)

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

274



NOIDAY WildVs) TWNOILVN



cludes development of
with a review of historical maps. pluns nd aerial photograph:
te then developed.
comparative analysis of historical versus existing conditions helped ty determine
the overall integsity of the site and to identify character defining Features ef the
tent and amMAgEMeN recommendations :e Ibew nxtde based ou
sal the report.

This report is divided inte four se te History. Description of 5:
Conditions, Eligibility of Fort Hill as a Historic District in the National Register
for Historic Places, and Treatment andl Management Recommendations.

The historic periods established for th iy inchule: Legislation of the Plymouth
Colony court June 9, 1653; Pre-Contact and contact period settlements; the early
settlement by Governor Prence: the Saraucl Treat Perel (1672. 2716), the first
white settles documented at Bort Mill; the Knowles Family settheatent, jacludiag
farming practices of the land and extended famity lands development; and
National Park Service stewardship.

The report tracts the Knowles ownership at Fort Hill and successive developments
associaled witb the Knowles’ farm. The Penniman House. dhe Avery Inbotding anct
Uke Burrill nbokting came about through association with tie Knowles family and
are discussed in terms of their contribution to the Ford Hill area, Farming, practices
terains, potatoes anct orchids), salt muking, poultry farmmg as well us scafar
and imesiments in sea ¥ s were revealed as ways the Knowles and their
jade the! ing fiom the Jand and sea.

SUCCESSION

Uligibiliay of Fort Hilt tor tistiug in the National Register of Histone Places as 2
Raval Historic District is based on the eriteria of the National Register and previous
determi S sections of the site are significant resources, such as the
Nauset Archeological District (Criterion D) and the Captain Edward Penoiman
House (Cruerton A), and are considered a basis of eligibility, 1 was determined
that the property still retains integrity of tot a
sible on a large scale. Integrity of design, workmanship and material
ave apparent on a smaller scale in the residential properties, even though the fee’
af the site has changed significantly from the period of signifiesnee ending in
1943,

ssocialion andl the imegmy

The creatoment recommended fer the property js rehabilitation which allows for
“improvements and modificatiuns to a historic property to make possible un effigient
contemporary usc. while preserving those portions ar features of Ihe propery which
iheant © its hisloric or culwral yaluc.” General standards are listed und
Specific recommended rehabilitations are made for euch of the features dis
in section 2 of this repor

ave sig

AnnoraTeo BipiocrarHy

NORTHEAST REGION

199


Nalson, James T, 10

Newman, Paul 22

Nicely, John 61

Niedzwiecka, Renata 71.76, 255, 282
Noble, Bruce J. Jr, 100

Noble, William 62, 235

Norris, Frank 5, 93

North American Resource Management 34

Q

Ochsher, dohn 29, 167

OCULUS 13, 23, 25. 51

Donnell, Eleanor f00

O'Donnell, Patricia M. 65, 66, 243. 244, 246
Oehrlein and Associates Architects 30
Office of Technology Aasessment 93
O'Gwyon, Claude H. 21, 148

Olmsted Brothers 37, 39

Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation 54
Olmsted, Frederick Law 80

Olszewski, George J. 35, 37, 180, 181
Osman, Zehra 16, 145

Pp

Page, Robert R. 100. 338
Palmer, Meade 93

Parash, Nick 31

Park, D.C, 93

Park, Sharon C. 98.

Parker, Kathleen A, 34, 35
Parker, Patricia L. 100
Parks, Marilyn 36

Pate. Matthew 86

Pepper, Charles 44, 45, 47, 48. 51, §3, 54, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67
Peterson, Charles S. 11
Peyton, Billy Joe 61

Pinel, Sandra Lee 12, 120
Porter, Robert J. 17

Potter, Elisabeth Walton 100
Potter, Stephen R. 35
Pousson, John F 30

Powell, Benjamin B. 58. 219
Powell, Bruce B, 34, 169
Prentice, Joseph R. 33.177
Prescott Architecture and Engineering 36
Pressley, Marion 62, 236
Prothera, Sally M. 36, 179
Pryce, Edward, 37

a

Quarrels, Hillary 67
Quinn Evans Architects 17, 20, 21, 24, 158

AutHor Inpex 349


NOISSY LSVAHLYON

as eseccasass



Stach, Glenn Thomas 30
Stevens. David 36

Stevens, Donald L., Je 23, 155
Sloffle, Richard W. 12, 420
Stokinger. Willian A. 58, 224
Stover, Stephen L. 98
Stowell, Walton 63, 238
Stach, Stephen G. 64
Sullivan, Arihur L. 34, 63, 237
Swanson, Betsy 26

T

Taium, Terry Denise 94

Taylor Glean 85

Taylor, Terri A, 74, 76, 268, 279

Tepper, Audry 36. 179

Thomas, Lindsay Kay, Jr 31, 170
Thompson, Erwin N, 74

Thompson, George 17, 134

Thorton, Kirsten 45

Tilberg, Frederick $2, 213

Tishler, Witliam H. 17, 24, 134

Todisco, Patrice A, 45, 197

Tolon, Marsha R. 73, 77. 76, 268, 286
Toogood, Anna Coxe 30, Sd, 55, 59, 228.
Torses, Lovis 64, 236

Torses-Reyes, Ricardo 48, 60.205, 229
Travis, Scott 14

Tull, Michael 62

Turner, Suzanne 87

U

Umau, Harlan D. 50

University of Massachusetts, Deparlment af Landscape Architecture and
Regional Planning 59

Urbana Group 23, 154

Uschotd, David L. 47, 54, 58, 67, 225

v

Van Dyke, Tina 50
Vineent, Susan Hart 84, 86, 314
Viteretto, Peter 66, 246

w

Wagner, Cheryl 91
Walling, Lasry 21, 147
Warnock, Robert 94
Warren, Peter L. 41
Warshaw, Deborah 174
Waters, Greg 67

Weekley, Mark 24
Weekley, Rachel F 24. 157
Weekly, Mark 4160

Weeks, Nicholas 76. 277

AUTHOR INDEX

351



Meier, Lauen G. Cuftural Lamiscape Repent for Frederick Law Obnsted
‘ational Historie Site, Voliune 2: Existing Conditions, Analysts ene
freaimene Phat, (Draft). Boston: USDL NPS. Olmsted Center for
Landscape Preservation. L994, 125 pp.

Whitehill. Lucinda A. Aiistorie Grounds Report and Management Plan,
Frederick Law Hwstal National distort Boston: USDE NPS, 1982,
100 pp. fAnvietated)

B; 012730
C: 022730
Tr 4RG/1D-4

Zaitzeysky, Cynthia with an Atierword by Maz Crtswald. Mafrsiee, A Culteral
Landscape Report for Frederick Law Obusted Nutianet Histaric Site.
Vohene J: Stie Histary, Cultural Landscape Publication Na. 12. Boston:
LUSDI. NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation aml the Arnal
Arboretum of Harvard University, 1997. 254 pp
B: 017643
T: 486/1D- 01

THEAST REGt

Frederick Law G)msted National

ComPREHENSive BislioGRAPHY

Ting, during. Lresutignt wok. (NPS, ¢. LOM

49


Paciric West Recion

262

Part Three is an orientation and workbook section that illustrates tectmiques for
reading the relationships among indivictials features, patteras or quatitics that
comprise the whole landscape. I is suggested that it ws the relationships between
these resources that most often describe the character’ of a landscape. The chapter
considers overall landscape patterns, land use patterns, circulation patterns,
bountlaries. and cluster arrangements.

‘The final sccuon of the report suggesis preservation principles for protection of
the historically significant landscape elements of Lhe reserve. ft covers both the
natural resources and cultural Clements. The preservation principles wwe gol intended
co inhibit or stop growth, but serve as werides for understanding how much change
and what kinds of change can occur before the cultural context and historic integnity
of the landscape is lost. The ten landscape character areas identified in the {983
Building and Landscape laventory provide the basis for the evaluation and
development of preservation prin . For cach ot the ten areas. tocation and
access is desctihed and the signiticance and integrity of the landscape evaluated,
Preservation principles for each landscape type are forawlated.

sehen

Gilbert, Cathy A., Grewchen Luxcaberg, and Allen T, Comp. The Land, The
Peapte, The Plave: An introduction to the inventory, Ebey’s Landing
National Historical Reserve, Seattle: USD}, NPS. 1984, 66 pp-

B; 012993
C: 012992
T: 484/D-5

The vernagular landscape of Ebey's Landing National Historical Rescrve illustrates
ihe patterns of setdement beginning with the first Donation Land Claims in the
nineteenth century and the yuenl historic development of the area. ht reveals

i vortinuous history of man’s intertction with the environment.

This report is the first of avo volumes, which aim to describe asd document the
reserve. The second volume contains individual inventory cards describing every
pre-World War IT building on the reserve, and ini wat cards documenting and
illustrating the natura) and men. made clements of the landscape. A icam of byec
historians and Ovo landscape architects undertook the field research for the
iuventories. This first report provides « summary of the fand. the people and the
place of Rbey’s Landing based on the expericnce and knowledge gained by the
inventory Wam while working in the fiefd.

The first chapter, The Land, describes the physical configuration of the reserve
and divides it into ten individual landscape character areas based on physical
features, visual boundaries or ianc uses, The landscape chatucter areas comprise
the San de Fuca Uplands, West Woodlands, Ebey’s Prairie. East Wood)ands. Fort
Casey Uplands. Smith Prairie, Penn Cove. Crockett Prairie. Westera Coastal strip
and Coupeville. The distinctive landscape of cach of these areas is described and
illustrated. The composite landscape is considered to be rich in physical and
historical imegrity and shaped by the people who have tived and are living there,

‘Th: second chipter, The Peapte, cescribes the history of settlement from early
indigenous settlemem by the Skagit indian tribe, European exploration. followed
by pioneer settlement with che development of a transportation network and

Curturar Lanoscare BiBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park System



Paciric West REGION

Northwest Region, Cultural Resource Division, 1983. reprint 1995, 345
pp.

B: OMS554

T: 484/D.6

__ ___. Comprehensive Plan for Ebex's Landing National Histuricat
Reserve. Washington, Seattle: USOT, NPS, Pacific Northwest Regional
Office, 1980, (Revised 1984). 81 pp. ‘Annoraed}

B: OUE7I2
f 484D-1A

Sheridan, Mimi. with McCounell/Burke, (ie. Conpevitte - Past, Present,
Future, Historic Preservation Plan, Vol. § Towa of Coupevitte, Washingren.
Seattle; USDI. NPS, 1998, 102 pp.

Smith, Leigh. fedgerews: Dirt Fences or Farmers’ Best Friends? Site
Bulletin. Seatile, USDE, MPS. 1998. 2 pp.

Wesson, Gary. Central Whidbey's Archeological Heritage. Pamphlet. Seattle:
USDI.NPS, 1998. 4 pp.

Eugene O'Neil] Nationa! Historic Site (CA)

Gilbert. Cathy A. Citural Landscape Report, Tao House Courtyard. Eugene
O'Neill National Historic {Draft}. Seattle: USD], NPS. 1986. SO pp.
fAanotated)

B: 005589

Fort Clatsop National Memorial {OR}

Agee, fames K. A Conceptual Plan for the Forest Landscape of Fort Clatsop
National Memorial. Seattle: USDI, NPS, Cooperative Park Studies Unit.
1989. 37 pp. (Amuerated)

B: 015609

T: A0S/D-20

National Park Service. fort Clatsop
lapaent Plau. Seattl
Cultural Resour
B: O1S607

tional Memarial Landscape
DL. NPS, Pacifte Northwest Regional
Division. 1987. 12 pp. (Annotated)

Tolon, Marsha RR, Cudtural Landscape Report: Landscape Recommendations
1976-4993. Fort Clatsop National Memorial, Oregon, Seattle: USD, NPS.
1993. 63 pp. fAnmorated)

B; 017606
F: 4053-27

Fort Vancouver Nationa! Historic Site (WA}

Erigero, Patricia. C. Cutsre? Landscape Report: Fort Vancouver National
Historic Site. Volume tf. Seale: USDI, NPS. 1992. 382 pp.

Comprenensive BisuiocRaPuy 73



Weeks, Nicholas, Carey Feierabead, and Michael Boland, Cutiurad Landscape

Analysis aad Management Recommendations. Sutro Heights Park, Gulden
Gute National Recreation Area. Seattle: USDL NPS, 1992. $5 pp.
B: 016804

K is 21.5 acres located on «high point of the northwest comer of
0 Peninsula. approximately 42 mile noth of Golden Gate Park,
Coastal development in this area dates trom the late 1880's and still
functions as cational and tourist ctestination. Homesteading at the
Lands End/Point Lobos blufis was underway by |$54 and remained as a private
residence unul 188) wher the Heighis property was sold to Adolph Sutro, Sutre
enfavged the house and added claborte gardens. which were opened to the public
in 1885. iy 1920 the Heights were decded to the City of San Francisco to be held
as 3 free public reson. The City Park éra lasted from 1933-1976 at which time the
National Park Service gained ownership of Sutvo Heights to be managed as part of
the Golden Gate National Recreation Arca.

This report 1s an inventor
Sutra Heights Park. Lands

analysis and evaluation of the cultural landscape of
ape resources arc analyzed and evaluated, and their
y ae ussessed. Recommendations and guidelines
for Jandscape preservation provide a general framework for future maintenance
and interpretatton of the site. The report 1s organized into the following sections:
ance aml
ics section
I sttes

as well as a site analysi

The park is found ta be si andsvape Architecture and
Galen Art, recreation and emertuumnent development with poiential sig
im the area if archeological eesuurces. The site retains integrity of its historic
landscape resources in the cirenlution networks, spatial organization and boundiry
demargation. evidence of a response to natural features. and its pereatial for
archeological resources. It ts also found to be signiticam in the areas of location,
design, setting, materials, workmanship. fecliag and asseciation as a public park.

cance

Reem ions for the Park arc divided! into management and design concept
recommendations, mended lo serve as guidelines for the ongoing maintenance
and inanagement of the park. I is recommended that a revised National Register
Nomination be completed for the park ay well as adjacent resources (Suto Baths
and the Clift House) prior to implementation of any planning. A detailed site plan
is recommended to guide restoration ancl interprecation as well as landscape
management guidelmes for ongot menance. An interpretive program ts
suggested along with the comprehensive design, Other recommencutions inched:
establish historic and natural zones, re-establish historic viewpomts, rehabiliuae
vegelation, define sites of demolished historic structures and rehabilitate small:
scale elemems. Photographs and maps throughout the report graphically portray
the Park,

pa

Awnorareo Brstiocrarny

West REGION

277



imended that chis publwation become a useful ool for landscape architects.
nevis, and architects building within and along the parkway corridor, Likewise,
itis important that new design and construction issucs be more clearly understood
by all park adminis concessionaires, agencies, developers. and cinz
will be planning and buildiay withia the park of within the viewshed of the pa
corridor.

The document consists of the following scclions: Introduction, Parkway 1
Parkway Design, Overlooks, Bridges. Tennels, Walls and Drainage. Park Buildings

Cape Hatteras Nationa! Seashore {NC}

Sloat, Harry and Jerome A. Greene. Hiseoric Grounds Study, Little Kinnak
Life-Saving and Coast Guard Station. Cape Haneras National Seashore.
North Carolina. Adama: USDI, NPS, 1988. 74 pp.

B: 015050
T: G03/D-46

The Litue Kinnakeet Life-Saving and Coast Guard Station was constructed in | B74
a5 one of 23 new stations along the Adantic seaboard, I represents an architectural
amalgam of Carpenter Gothic and Snck style which was popular during the laler
muneteenth century. The station is located on Hatteras island along the narrow outer
banks of Nowth Carolina, approximately 22 oniles from the mainland: itis part of
the Cape Hatteras National Seashore. The General Management Plan, Development
Concept Plan, and Environmental Assessment Jor the site approved in 1984,
mandated thal the lite saving statton complex be restored ty its period of historical
significance (1904-1915) when it was originally in operation. The restoration of
the complex and grounds is intended to provide stage for the imerpretatioa of the
Lile Saving Service.

The purpose of ths Historic Grounds Sindy is io analyze availuble historical.
archacological, and other stgnuficant data to establish a historic grounds plan for
the 17.5 acres of vernacular landscape immediately surrounding the life:
complex and make cecommendations for is ¢ Lion.

The vegetation al ihe site has changed eveathy from what existed during the historical
period. principally due to the construction of barier duncs on the ocean side of the
Island in the 1930s, These dunes prevented overvash of the site during severe
storms and have permitcd the establishment of new, Jess salt tolerant plant
communities, A scrub thicket has developed on the sandy flats und replaced the
former patchy grass vegetation.

Originally. ypical species at the site included salt meadow. cordgrass, purple muhly,
Jovegzass, and prickly pear. The reporl suggests methods of ccestablishing the foruer
vegetation. A maintenance program ts recommended to clear woody vegetation,
with those areas being allowed to regenerate naturally and then be mainuined as
open graxshind by prescribed burning.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

309



Dolan, Susan 32, 45, 48, 76, 77. 97, 100, 283, 338
Dallar, Clyde D, 18, 143

Donahue. Brian 58

Donahue, John 76

Dubrow, Gail 72

Dymek, Anna 31

E

Economics Research Associates 74
EOAW, Inc. 31, 35, 36, G1. 74, 75. 163, 178, 182. 270, 275
Ehrenfeld, Joan G. 60, 230
Ehrenhard, John €. 84

Einert, Alfred Erwin 20

Einhorn, Yaffee 35

Elecy, Patrick 60

Etkinton, Steve 18, 138

Ellis, Kay 93

Engte, Reed L. 50, 51

Erigero, Patricia C, 73, 74, 268
Evans, Catherine 43, 66, 58, 222
Evans, Gale £.H, 77. 288

Evans, Michael J, 12, 120

Ewald, Walter A.J. 66

Eyring, Shaun 46, 52, 65, 66

F

Fairbairn, Charlotte J. 32.172

Fairweather, Dr Stephen E. 52

Fanning, Dr Kay 31, 38, 39

Favretti, Rudy J. 48, 56, 67, 246

Feierabend, Carey 13, 21, 76, 121, 125. 147. 277
Fendrick, Lila 94

Fiero, Kathleen W. 50

Firth, lan JW. 34, 83, 87, 97, 306, 307, 337

Fix. Julie K. 94

Flaugh, Dianne L. 85

Florence, Hank 13, 72. 77, 124, 125. 263, 288
Ford, Benjamin P 52

Foulds, H, Eliot 43, 50, 55, 57. 67, 194, 192, 223
FPW Architects 61

Franks, Katie 22

Frazier, Graig GC. 72

Freies, Renee L. 77, 289

Froeschauer, Peggy 11, 12, 84, 87, 117, 118. 315
Frye, Dennis E. 32, 34

Frye, Susan W. 32

G

Galke, Caura J. 34

Gardner, Gwendolyn A. 11

Garrow and Assaciates 31

Gelber, Debra 18, 138

George Washington University, Historie Landscape P 186
Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation 98, 337

Geyer, Darothy 46, 66

AuTHOR INDEX 345



NTERMOUN REGION

Copitat Reef Nationaf Park, Fruita Rurat Historie District. View of Gifford Farm and Scene Drive. looking
northwest. (NPS. £956)

108 Cultural Lanoscare BipLioGRAPHy: RESOURCES IN THe National Park System


Nati

apiTa. Resi

The study covers the legal origins aud administrative histury of Mt. Vernon Syuare,
the developmental stayes in its landscaping. am wtloe w the community. The
research was undertaken by a historian und 15 based on primary sources, which
include the unnual reports of the Chief of Enginvers of the War Deparment, 1867-
1925, annual reports of the Director of Publig Buildings and Public Parks, 1925-
1932, and National Capital Parks liles, 1933 10 present.

Early landscape improvenients were undertaken in the 1870s with the park enclosed
by a picket fence; the sidewalks flagged and curbed: and an ornamental Jountain
pluced on a circular mound in the cenice of tne square. Inahe 1880s, the curtkageways,
crossing the square were removed, the square was Jaid out with lawa and shrubbery:
and new lighting, drinking fountains, and scttees were added. Tn L900, construction
work for the Carnegie Lihrury, began in the center of the square. After its completion
in 1903, the lund around che building was landscaped. Changes iv the square since:
that period ure ajso cocumented. Subsequent transfers of the find to the NPS, and
theo to the District ef Columbia. are also described. Original planting plans,
landscape plans, and construction plans are included in the report,

President’s Park (DG)

EDAW, Inc., Land and Community Associates, Cynthia Zaitzeysky & Associates
und Jol Milner Associates. President's Park Culnaul Laadsetpe Report:
Site History, Existing Conditions, Analysis, and Evatuation. Denver: USDL
NPS, Tenver Service Center. 1995. 450+ pp.

B: O14860

President's Park, located in downtown Washington, D.C.. is approxirnately 82,22
acres and inchtdes all oY the Jand originaily reserved for the development of the
White House designated in Piene L'Enfant’s 1791 plin, The Park contains both
private und public areas, including the White Elouse and its grounds, the Treasury,
ihe Old Exccutive Office building, Lafayetee Park, the Ellipse, Shecoun Plaza, and
several nionuments and memor ardens and
historic sites and abuts the Mall near ith the Jefferson
Memorial, the Washington Monument and the Lnited States Capital.

This study, conducted by a Landscape architecture firm, landscape histerian and
preservation Grn established a methodolugy based on the guidelines andl standards
Of NPS: 28, Cidtuvat Resourves Macigement Guidelines, National Register Bulletin
18, How to Lvatuute and Nominaie Designed Historic Landscapes, and National
Register Bulletin 30, Guidelines for Evaluating aud Dacumenting Rural Historic
landscapes. Site visits were combined with research of historic documentation,
photographs and maps tn generate cight historic period plans, Historic landscape
features and systems are then compared to extant features and syslems, This report
is Organized imo (wo parts: Part One: Site History and Part Two: Analysis and
Evaluation,

Purt One: Site History is comprised of L) chapters. Eight study periods are
established and include the time periods trom (791 @he I Enfant Plan) through
1994. This historig study of the Park revealed that the main Jormative influence on
the Presiden’s Puck landscape wits the plan for tne city of Washington by Pierre
Charles "Enfant in 1794.

182 Cuvturat, LANpscaPe BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System


This report details the comprehensive design of the memorial as well as the
landscape managenicat plan, Calike other units of the National Park Service where
nauire and location of existing physical and cultural resources predetermine visitor
al Nattonal Memorial influences visitor experience throug

sign: expanding Wie
imerpretive program to inckwe a series of outdoor exhibits that pramate an
uaderstanding of how people of two border culures use and appeceiate the ative
surroundings: and making files and eppartunities accessible to all pes of
vistors.

AtChamizal. NPS has the opportunity 0 increase the awareness of vistors —both
local ancl navional/intemational— of ways to promote coaperation and preveat
discard. Chamizal addresses the increased understinding of other peoples through
education and climinating dtscriminanen through interaction. Experience
opportunities nchade Lmerprettion and outdoor recreution, such as concerts and
charreades.

Section fof the report, begins with the visitor experience at Chamizal. while Section
df walks the reader through the design, beginning with the entry 1
approach, and then proceeds to describe the three loops of the vail system. Finally,
there are recommendations for ways to enhance general outdoor recrcation
experiences.

The following sections establish the general management criteria For the
comprehens design including Seetio Hie Planting Plan, Section 1¥-
Esublishment and Maintenance Guidelines. Sectien ¥; Phasing. and Sectiva ¥I>
Materials List,

The management plan is supported with drawings, plans. details. and iiluso
that sbow both existing condiuons and proposed weamments of the s

ic.

Chiricahua National Monument {AZ}

Kumble, Pewee A. Historic Landscape Restorarian Report, The Faruway Ranch,
Chiricahua, New Mextev. Santa Fe: USD, NPS. n.d. SO pp.
B: OWS277

a calthe

ranch /guest ranch that was popular in the 1930s.

Opened as a guesthouse in I917, for dhe next forty-thtee years i was a popular
place toc peaple to stay and explore the “wilderness” of the Bavita Canyon. The
toterior has heen restored to reflect the 1950 historic period. when it achieved its
height of sucess ag a guest ranch. The mnnediate vernacutar landscape surrounding
the ranch evolved ty provide for the needs of the The ranch raised i
own beef and poultry und produced large quantities of sand vegetables, Beyond
these functional requirements. the Jens also comained
ornamental plantings.

AnnoraTed BisttocRarHy

im



po

Miowest Reciow

National Park Service. Development Plan/Cultural Landscape Report, Erbie
Area, Buffalo National River. Gmatva; USDOL, NPS, 1986. 23 pp.
fAnnotated)

B: 013643
T: 17340-3244

a land Use Plan-Cutiural Landscape Report, Boxtes Valley, Buffalo
Notional River, Ovmaha: USDLNPS. 1985, 72 pp. ¢Amuoreted!
B. O14842
VT: 1734D-30A

Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area {OH}

Gelber. Debra. Historic Landscape Analysis aud Desian Reconmendations for
Boston, Chie. Omaha: USDE. NPS. 1993. 48 pp. ¢Anuotated)
B: QU7612

Hanulton, Chester. Edward Adectman and Steve Blkinton, Cufnirald Landscape
Report. Cuyahoga Valley National Recreational Arca. Omaha: USDI,
NPS. 1987. 80 pp. fAanotared)

By: Ot5S82

Wintel, Jelirey. Everett Historic District Calural Landscape Report. Omaha
USD!, NPS, 995. 127 pp. (Annovateds
B: 017610

Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park {OH)

National Park Service. finffman Prairte Flying Cultaval Landscape Report,
(Draft. Omaha: CSDL NPS, 1999. 105 pp.

i — Crltural Landscape Report for Wright Brothers Memorial, Dayton
Ohio, (Draft), Denver: USDI, NPS, Denver Service Center, 199%. 3 pp.

Fort Larned National Historic Site (KS}

Tanct and Community Associates, Cutneral Landsvape Report: Fort Larned
National Historic Site, (Dvalt). Omaha: USBI, NPS. 1999. 24-6 pp.

Fort Scott Nationa! Historic Site (KS)

Bacon, Allison, Fort Scou National Historic Site Cultural Landscape Repart:
Historic Data Section. Omaha: USDL, NPS, Midwest Regional Office.
1992, 106 pp. (Arrietated}

B: (16624

Fort Smith National Historic Site (AR, OK}

Coleman. Roger E. and Clyde D, Dollar. Héstorte Landscape at the Kort Snutit
National Historie Site (1817-1896). Omaha: USDIL NPS. 1984. 82 pp.
tAmotated)

B: 600197
T: a2 1/D-31

CutTurAL Lannscape BiBLiIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionaL Park System


Suitability and Fe
Assessment.

ibility, Management Alternatives. aad Environmental

"serves as an
s encountered
in their push fo serve in the United States unmed forces, The “Tuskegee Airmen
Experience” clearly ittustrates the Aivican- American commonity’s effort to craheate
i in and the desire {o eliminate social racial diseriminahon altogether
Moton Field was the only prin flight training tacility for African-American
pilot candidates m the urmy Aw corps. The Facility symbolizes the entrance of
African Americans into the Army Air Corps on a seg)

This study includes five alternatives developed for pres.
commemorating resources associated with the extraordinar
Airmen and Motion Field.

ing, dined
story of the Tuskegee

The five alivenatives include: Conumemoration/inlonmatioa: Motor Meld:
CommemorationIntormation: Tuskegee Airmen & Moton Field; Living History
The Tuskegee Aimmen Experience: Legacy: Tuskegee Airmen National Center, A
Historical Continuum: and a No Action Alternative.

The study is
and appendic

Hpported by maps, plans and photogruphs and includes a bibliog:

Awnnotaten BiBuioGRAPHY

SoutHeast R

321



This historical development of the site is organized inte six chapters: The Fort Site
1a Abandonment (Pre-Apeél 1842-1853); Bleeding Kansas Years (1853 10 1861);
The Civil War (1861 to P2835): The roud Years (1865 te (87.3); (1873 to 1965).
Local Restoration (1960s and 1970s); und the National Park Service (E97R-1992).
‘The Fort’s leatures (roads, gardens, buildings, parade grounds, corvals. pastures,
fences and stone walls), ils transtormation into a town, and the surrounding territin
ol the Foyt are discussed, There is a review of the changes ihut aecurred to the site
as it was turned back into a military base dwing the Civil War and although
doviumentation al changes are sparse for this lint periad, there is evidence of the
addition of strictures und various plantings,

The most significant changes (0 the site have been the loxs of historic build
and the addition of new structuces around the plaza. the loss and replacement 0}
vegetation in the plaza und the addition of the Missouri-Pat allroad in Fort
Scot. The city af Port Scott rallied to obtain lunding for restoration of the historic
fort under the direction of the National Park Service in the 1960s. Discussion of
the Urban Renewal Project outlined for the city during [967 and 1974 is piven,
well a8 a brief section of recommuendations given Yor restorauan elorts. Hislori
and ciurent photographs ace included at the end of the report.

Fort Smith Nationai Historic Site (AR, OK)

Coleman. Roger E. and Clyde D. Dollar. Historic Landscupe at the Farr Smith
Nasional Historic Site (1817-2896), Omaba: USI], NPS, 1984. 82 pp.
B: 600197

re 921-3)
Qne of the first U.S, military posts in the Louisiana Territory, this fort served as a
base of operations for caforcing federal Indian policy fram 817-1896. The military

post includes land associated wi
Packer served for 21 years.

a second Fort anc the federal cout where Jude

The site encompasses 16 ucres. aud is bounded on the west by the Poteau and
Arkansas Rivess and enclosed by the City of Fort Simah an the remaining three
sides. The site hus heen extensively altered from its histarje scene particularly by
urban development. The purpose ol this report is to document the historic landscape
at the fort to assist future landscape develapment projects.

The report begins by summarizing the historical background of the site into three
major periods: First Fort (1$17- 1824); Second Lior (1838-1 R71
1896). Following this historical overview, the environment of the site is de:
including the physiogruphy, soils anc geology. climate. and vegetation. A list of
extant vegetation is noted.

The second section of the repart describes resources and methods used in the study,
The yesearch is based primarily on historic documents, which include Government
Laud Office records, written descriptions, photographs and maps. Each of these
sovrees is evaluated, In addition to the tistorica] sources, an analysis of pollen
collected at the site is conducted to provide information concerning past species
presence

Awnotaten BisitograrHy

143


166

planting recommendations for the West Woods area, The woodlot management
section reviews the importance of maintaining he open character and wieven age
stand of the waodlot an suggests mundgement principles for both newly planted
ant lor existing, neglected woadlot ai ive phases of reforestation are outlined
and include an accompanying plan. Scale itrawings (1°=400) of the battleficld
area ure included al the end of the report,

A cross-section of an uneven-aged woodlot before and after an
improvement cutting. In the upper sketch the irees to be cut are marked
with a dash near the base, 1 and 1} are a shrub and tree on the border
of the woadlot which should be left to protect the interior. 2,3,6 and 8
are sound straight trees of desirable species thut should be left to grow
larger before cutting. 7 is a sound manure iree that may be harvested.
4 is a tree with a wide spreading crown (wolf tree) that is injuring and
retarding the growth of good trees beneath it. 5 is a dead and hollow
free whith may be cut for fuelwood or left as a den tres. 9 is defective
and 10 is crooked.

Antictam National Batilefield. Cross-seclion of am uneven aged weorllog before and
afer. (Reprint fram The Farm Wauelor: Silteria Wo, 0 f4. 1969)

CuLTURAL LANDSGAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PARK SysTEM


Martin Van Buren National Historic Site (NY}.
Mute Man Natonal Historical Park (MA)...
Mornstown National Historical Park (NJ) .
Petersburg National Batllefield (PA)...
Richmond National Battlefield Park (VA) .
Sagamore Hilt National Histor Site (NY}...
Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site (NH}
Salern Maritime National Historic Site (MA)
Saratoga Nalional Historical Park (NY}
Shenandoah National Park (VA) ...
Springfield Armory National Historie Site (MA)
Thomas Stone Natonal Histortc Site (MD) .
Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River wm PA) .
Vanderbilt Manston National Histortc Site ey
Weir Farm National Historic Sue (CT) ...

PACIFIC WEST REGION oo... .ecccccee cesses seseeessessaeearsseneaeearicaee

City of Rocks Natrona Reserve (ID} ....
Coulee Dam National Recreatton Area (WA).
Crater Lake National Park (OR)
Ebey’s Landing Nationa! Historical Reserve (WA)
Eugeng O'Neill National Historic Site (CA)
Fort Cialsop National Memorial (OR}
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (WA)
Golden Gale National Recreation Area (CA) .
Great Basin National Park (NV)
Jonn Oay Fossil Beds National Monument (OR)
Lake Chelan Naltonal Recreation Area (WA)
Mount Rainier National Park (WA) ..
Nez Perce National Historical Park (10, i OR, WA}
Olympic National Park (WA) ....
Point Reyes Natianal Seashore {CA) .
San Juan Island National Historical Park, (way.
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (CA) ..
Whitman Mission National Histone Site (WA) .....
Yosemite National Park (CA}........ ....

Souteast Recion
Andrew Johnson National Histone Site (TN) .
Blue Ricige Parkway (NC, VA)...
Cape Hatteras National Seashare (NC).
Car Sandburg Home National Historic Site (NC)
Charles Pinckney National Historic Site (SC) ....

Cumberland island National Seashore (GA).
Jimmy Carter National Historie Site {GA) ....
Martin Luther King. Jr, National Historic Site (GA)
San Juan National Historic Site (PR)
Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site (AL)

GENERAL REPORTS -o.ceee cece senses ersenecesterscartenseceeeseeeaeee 323
TECHNICAL INFORMATION .....ccecccecseeecertsteerereveeeeecenrveneerseates x3
AUTHOR INDEX. eee cecene ces cseeeecreseeeeresaenrnevserereeneneneersectes ui

Currura: Lanpscare BrauiocrapHy: Resources in THE NaTiowaL Park System


R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. 36
Rainey, Rueben M. 67, 246

Rambus, Richard 29, 167

Recreation Access Advisory Committee 83
Reeves, Craven 30

Reeves. Malthew B. 35

Remaley, Tom 85

Reynard, Eric 77. 285

Rhoads, Ann F, 66

Rhodes. Drang 12, 20, 21, 119, 147
Risley & Associates 44, 67. 194, 246
Risley, William 0, 44, 193

Risk, J. Kevin 86

Rivoire, J. A. Richard 65, 242
Robinson & Assouales 36
Robinson, Greg 10, 115

Roddy. Daniel E. 50

Rolph, David N. 79

Ronsheim, Robert D. 53, 59

Ross, Susan 85.

Ross, Wendy 93

Ruberltone, Patricia E. 58, 224
Russell, Emily 64

Ryan, Douglas 65

$s

Saxe. Emma J. 92, 329
Scena, Diane 78, 290
Schacke!, Sandra 9 :
Schiitgen, Lora J. 72, 77, 267. 264 i
Schlefer, Marion K. 39 '
Schlegel. Kathy 54

Schulz, Scott 36

Scruggs and Hammond. Inc. 25, 162

Shackel, Paul A. 33, 34

Shepley Bulfinch Richardson and Abbott 57

Shendan, Mimi 73, 264

Shimoda, Jerry ¥. 64

Short, John Randall 36

Sifion, Paul G. 54, 55, 220, 221

Simon, Brona G. 58, 224

Studmore, Owings and Mernll 36

Skibman, Leroy 31, 169

Shoat. Harry 83, 309

Smith, Leigh 73

Smith, Marjorie 87, 319

Smith, Nancy 48

Smith-Middleton, Holly 5, 6, 105

Snell, Charles W 33. 52, 53, 63, 64, 177, 214, 216, 238. 239
Snyder David L, 17

Soehn. Dana 85

Sotir, Robbin B. 97. 335

Sponn, Daniel 92, 94, 329

Spude, Robert 100

350 CutTuRAL Lampscare BrBuiocrapHy, Resources in THE NationaL Park System



REGION

Rickey, WilKams D. and Roxanne $. Browse. Hissuric Resourcer Stady for she
Carviage Road Susten, Acadia National Park, Mount Dexert ishind, Maine.
2 Vals. Bostow; SIL NPS. 1989. 33] pp.
B: DISIS8
T: 123/D- 100,

The cariage reud system on Mount Desert Island, part ot Acadia National Park,
was conceived, planned and inded by John ED. Rockefeller, Je. bemwveen [913 and
(940. The system contains fifty-seven miles of roads and itcludes seventeen bridges
and two gate Judges. Rockefeller assembled a graup of accomplished designers
and eraltspersons to build the roads, They included logal Maine engineers Charles,
P. Siupson asad bis son Paul D. Simpson: Architects William Welles Bosworth and
Charles Stoughton designed most of the bridges. and Grosvennr Aticrbury designed.
the pate lodges, The noted landscape architect Beatrix Farrand worked with
Rovkeleller for fificen years and developed the planting design for the coads. brid
and wate lodges and framed vistas actoss the natural Sands
Olmsted, Jr, was alsa consulted on the design of the care
the wea a unique and distinet architectural and landscupe urchitecrural chatacter:
they also are considered significant as ao important element in the history of raat
building.

eh,

‘The rouils give

The purpase of this Historic Resource Study (HRS) is to decurmeat the design ant
construction bistory of the carriage roads and their ussociaicd structures, and to.
analyze their place in American social history, The research is based on
records. field stidy, anc petsonal interviews. A discussion of the current a
mainenanee of the rouds is also included,

Today. fitiy-one iniles of the system lies within Acadia National Park which is
qwaarained by the National Park Service. Motor vehicles are restricted and patts of
the roads are designated specitically tor bicycle use. ‘The roads are also considered
to be ideal for enabling wheelchair access into the pack, Monitoring of conflicting
uses of the rouls may, however, be required in the future. The report recommends.
that a plan for the restoration of any section of whe roads should begin with a

i of existing condiions. Suggestions are mauve and issues raised.
regarding the restoration of cements of the cartiage roud system, such as the ditches.
gullies, culverts, macadam surfacing. bridges, and plantings.

The sepert contains some very good carly (wentieth century photas of the roads,
associated buildings, and landscaping.

Volume PT inclides an bitroduction, Comext, Design, Sequesice of Development.
Phase I: The Inception, Sequence of Develapmeut, Phase i: The Expansion,
Sequence of Development, Phase Ht The Culmination, Construction, Restoration,
Maintenance, Use, and Conclusion,

Vohiae IL contains the appendices. which among other things, invludes chronolo;
of events, documentary sources, ternunology for stone bridges, specifi
Ruckefelles costespondence, and list of sources,

There is atso a glossary of bridge and roaul teriunology.

aoaeE

Awnotateo BIBLIOGRAPHY 193


The site history is summarized and classified inte cight distinct periods: Pina Contact
(4720-5734); dnitial Period (1731-1755); Zenith Period (1755-| 786) Secularization
(1780-1824); Rural Period (1824-1890): Urban Beginning Pericxl (1890-1936):
Prescrvation and Restoration Period (1936-1978): and National Park Service Pertod
(1975-1989)

The dandscape is analyzed and evaluated under the following headings: cultural
waditions, land use, circulation. structural types, cluster atangements. vegelation,
avhacotogical sites, and small-scale elements. A visual analysis of the site is also.
included,

Mission Concepcisa was designated a National Historic Landmark i 1970 and
listed i the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 ay part of a district
nomination for the San Antonio Missions National Hist Park. Mission
Conception possesses historic landscape significance on 4 national level ander
National Register Criteria A. C, und 1D. and retains historic landscape integrity in
the areas of location. design. setting, materials, workmanship. lecling, and
association.

The report concludes with recommendations that provide an appropriaic framework
and programmatic basis for ihe preservation, maimtenance anc interpreiation of
the histone site. These guidelines address stabilization and preservation of resources.
removal of non-historic components that compromise the historic scene, and
enhancement or re-establishment of histone features,

eek me

Jarnes & Inarez, Architects, Land and Community Associates, et. at.. Sor
Antonia Missions National Historical Park: Cultural Landscape Report,
Vohane £. (Draft). Santa Fe: USDI, NPS. Southwest System Support Office,
1998. 2004 pp.

Comprised of 870 acres, San Antonio Missions National Historical Park Ires
prinnavily in the southem segment of ihe San Antonio River Valley and consists of
several overlapping, but distinct entities Mission Concepciin, Mission San Jost,
Acequia Park, Espads Park, Mission San Juan. Mission Espada. Rancho ue Las
Cabras, and other areas owned by a combination of the Arctuliocese, local and
Slate governments. private citizens and organizations. and the National Park Serv

Historically, these missions were sci jn rural areas. Today. the missions are
encroached upon by urban development, where urbanization bas already claimed
the environs of Missions Concepcton anct San José. Noise. air. and water potlulion
have also degraded the environment and led to the deicripration of some historic
resources,

Under the dirce

A of NPS, a malticlisciplinary consultant team of landscape
architects, historians and preservation specialists initiated documentation and
er lion of cultural landscape resources with the park's boundaries. Appropriate
trcalincat guidelines and recommendations lor the maintenance and enhancement
of historic resources have been developed,

Because of the broad scope and variety of resources within San Antonio Missions
National Historical Park, a multi-volume document resulted from the project

Curtural. Lavoscare BiguioGrarHy: RESOURCES IN THE National Park SysTets


the operational nceds of the site, have the potential Lo significantly alter the ranch’s
historic landscape.

While many studies of the ranch have cited the need to preserve and interpret the
site, Do prior studies prescribed @ treatment plan. in addition, National Register
criteria did not specifically address evaluation of cultural lancscapes in 1983. This
report documents and evaluates tandscape components and features that were not
addressed! in the 1983 nomination, and provides a recommended treatment plaa

that could be carcied out within the framework of the existing Pevelopmeat Concept
Plan (DCP).

DCP include: use of the
construction of the Thomas Condon Visitor Center near the additional parking,
areas and interpretive trails. The National Park Service staff determined that a |
Cultural Landscape Report was necessary to evaluate the potential impact such
changes may have on Cant Ranch’s culuaal landscape and potentially significant
adjacent lands. The report is structured under three managemem objectives: to
identify and evaluae extant landscape features and patierns that hve historical
significance; to review and assess potential treatment for agricultural lands
associated with the yanch;, and to develop guidelines and recommendations that
addiess treatment of all cultural landscape resources.

‘The report addresses the following subjects: management options for agricultural
lands; land use relative to historic and present uses; historical periods and feature:
boundary clarification and vegetation management, Research includes archival
documentation uGlizing historic photographs, written records, and oral histories,
Additional oral histories were conducted, data regarding rights t natural resources
was gathered, and un archacological investigation was conducted. All of these
research clements ave utilized in writing a narrative site history and in the creation
of a base map, which is tied to each period of the Rauch’s development. Two site
visits were conducted by National Park Service field slaff, to determine the existing
conditions of the Ranch and adjacent lands. The analysis ponion of the report is
divided into Cultural Landscape Character Areas based upon existing conditions,

‘The report includes general recommendations for management of the site based
upon three management zones. The purpose of defining management zones is 10
consolidate findings from the evaluation and assist management iy setting priorities
for long-term treatment of the cultural landscape, Ditferent levels of signt
and imegtity define cach management zone. Zones are Classified as follow
}—Arcas with a high degree of si
three historic eras (Cicer Homestead, Cant sheep ranch, and
Zone 2- -Aveas wth a high degree of significance and landscape integrity related
to two historic eras (Cant sheep ranch, and Cant cattle ranch); Zone 3 —Areas with
ahigh degree of significance associated with (wo historic eras but with tess landscape
integrity due to the Juss of historic Jandscape features,

These are two primary treatments for the cultural fandseape of the Cant Ranch
Historic District. The first is preservation. by encouraging stabilization and
maintenance of contributing landscape resources, and the second is rebabilitabon,
which would allow for contemporary use of the site within the framework of overall
significance.

280 Cuxrurat Lanpscare Bisttocrapuy: Resources IN THE NaTional Park SysTen



Minowest REcIon

134

ghee

Tishler, William IL, Arnold R. Alanen, and George Thonipson. Eurty
Agricutmral Development on the Apostle Islands, Madisom: Cniversity of
Weseonsin. Department of Landscape Architecture. 1984, 51 pp.

B: O) 1686
C: 011686
T: 633/D-63

Asa predecessor to the 1985 report just discussed, this report provides background
intarmation on curly agricultural activities on the islands ancl is imended ts help
park staff with interpretation, program development and manayement issues. It
concentiles particularly on the vernacular andscape af thive islands: Basswood,
Heninit, and Sand. The report is compiled by researchers tram the Department of
Landscape Architecture at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and is based on
field surveys and a review of a wide range of primary sources which included
homestead recortls, cess recortls. land records, newspapers, interviews, and
pictorial and cartageaphic information,

{uformation is given on the regional context of the islands. Since pernyancet
setttement began on Ue Apostle Islands in the ninetventh ceniury, they have been
linked economically und socially 1 the malnianc comeutnitics, and the greater
Lake Superior region.

The overall context for agriculture in the Apostle islands is established. It is
considered that, compared to other enterprises such as quarrying, Jogging, aad
fishing, agriculue was not us lucrative un economig pursuit. Nevertheless. it was
important as a secondary source of income for many residents. Reference to carly
avricultural activity un the islands is noted. Lor example, when the American Fur
Company occupied the Islands in (847. three otehatils are reported as being in
existence, Another observation of the curly agriculture dates to the early 1940s
when the infamous herntic of Mermit Island is recorded as having cleared small
fields and begun tw raise garden produce. A major phase of agticultural development
hegan in the mid-1860s with the homestead era. Crops such us potatues, cabbage,
and tobacco are recorded as being grown on the iskinds,

The agricultural landscape of cach of the three islands is alsa deseribed, Information
is gives on the carly homesteaders and the development of their properties. The
text is supported with drawings und relevant historical material,

Buffaio National River (AR}

MeCoy, Chandler and John Ti. Burghardt. Special Study: Rush Hisrarte District,
Buffate National River. Omaha: USDI. NPS. 1989. 53+ pp.
Tb; 015423
I 171-70

‘The Buffalo National River is ane af the few remaining unpolluted. feee-tlowing
Fivers in the 48 contiguous states of the United Sutes. The former town of Rush,
focated ba the banks of the Buffalo National River, is significant for its prehistoric
archaeologival interest and more recently, as a1 mining town listed on the National
Revister of Historie Places. At the peak of the mining hoom between 1915 and

CULTURAL LanDsCaPE BIBLIOGRAPHY? RESOURCES IN THE National Park System


tall grass with turf margins. All uninterpreted eurthworks and the remainder of the
units shall be kepl in forest caver.

‘The Oulying Fors and Eurhworks present the most severe long-term management
problems. particularly where piecemwal redevelopment and afforestation are
gradually destroying the natural scene. The cain focus of the tandscape management
weommendations is on the planting ot additional sereening and managing for a
denye, stable forest cover over most of the area, with limited areas of light forest to
assist interpretation on certain sites. As development pressure increases in the area,
it is suggested that some fencing may be required 10 protect the earthworks,

‘The single carthwork. the tunette, at City Point is currently very well stabilized in
turf, exhibiting ao evidence of erosion or excessive trampling. No change in
managentent is recommended, although an upgrade in turt maintenance is advised.

1vis vecommendeil wat the Fort Abbot site in the Town of Hopewell be fenced 10
discourage use and thar the severely eraded ravines should be tepsired and reseedled,
possibly using soil bioengineering techniques, No additional vegetalton
management is recommended beyond continued care of the turf, In the longer
term, gradual reforestation of the site is discussed to provide the best protection of
the earthwork.

The appendix wo the repart contains the Maintenance Management System Planing,
Gnideline Sbeets which provide the landscape mangement inJorwation tor the
computer program, A detailed specification is given for each maintenance activity,
For forest nanagement, information is given on tree and timb removal, sighting
clearing, and replanting of cleared woodtand. For rt management, information is
given on overseeding and seeding, luning and fertilizing, mowing, and repair of
eroded areas.

Richmond National Battlefield Park (VA)

Iris- Williams, Peter, el. al. Conserving Richmond’s Bartlefields, Ricbmond:
USI NPS. 1990, 55+ pp-
B: 015546

367/D-9

As the capital of the Confederate States of Amictica, Richmond was one of the
main military objectives for the Union troups during the Civil Wat. Richmond
National Baniefield Park was established in 1936 10 commemorate the thirty-five
separate military actions at Richmond, relating to bwo major campaigns: the 1862
Peninsula Campaign and the 1864-65 Final Struggle for Richmond,

Thy hatles were fought in open fields. thickets, woodlands, along cural roads. and
in small villages just outside the city, These peripheral areas are now under pressure
from residential, commercial, and industvial expansion and intensive recreational
use. Cunently less than tive percent of the sites bave any form of protection or
designation, In recent years, local peaple have become increasingly concerned
about the loss of Richmond's Civil War battlefietds, This report is 1 response 10
those concems and represents a two-year cooperative effort between the City of
Richmond, Chesterfield County. Hanover County, Hentico County. the

Cuttural, Lanoscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEM


and pritctices of the National Park Service, as well as the history of land use and

ethics, as practiced by the U.S, Gowemiment, State of C:

itornia and Native American
occupants of the valley. ly some instances, cultural resources actually enhaace the

awniderstanding of appreciation of adjacent or nearby natucal resources, or provide:
a butfer of barvier that manages, limits, or restricts public access. ‘The report stat
that. although the valley has and wil] continuc te be managed For its natural, scenic
and cultural significance, privrity must be given to Yosemite Valley's nateral
TesoUsLes,

Recommenditions of this ceport are based on and reflect the findings of a holistic
analysis and evaluation of the valley through tine. The CLR, therefore. does not
advocate static preservation or restoration of the park ¢o reflect a specific time
period, but instead, proposes landscape cchabititation. The chullenge for NPS statt
it developing a Jong-termn management plan is to develop ieatmeats that are both
consistent with contemporary natural resource protection philosophies and afford
the ability to preserve cultural landscape resource wilues.

‘The sepont deemines that rehabilitation is the moss appropriate overall preservation,
treatment approach for the Yosesnite Valley. The rehabiliction approach would
provide for the protection of exaant cultural landscape resources, while allowing
for the introduction of new uses and Features necessary (o meet both pratectan
and public wse aceds, However, other preservation treatinents may be recommended
for certain cultural landscape feature:

Recommendations for futuse stulies include the documentation of features for
which alterations or removal is proposed, even if they do not conuibute to the
period of sizaificance, Archeological uivestigatians and historical resource saudies
are also revommiended to increuse understanding of camping and campground
design and use in the valley, Caminued study of ihe meadow areas to deterroine
their historic configurations and compositions is also advised,

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

cic West Recion

304



lOWEST REGION

much of its nineteenth century tuna). vernacuky, ageiculuual character. The area
bas Jong provided an important recreational sesource for the population of the:
nearby urban ceoters. The site also inclules a designed landscape, and forms part
of the system of metropolitan parks for Cleveland and Akron designed by the
Olinsied brothers in 1925. resembling the “Emerald Necklace” design for Boston,
Massachusens. During the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps developed the
existing purk units in the valley by building roads, wails. bridges, shelters, and
Jakes in the rustic style, Many of these structures remain today,

A tcam comprised of a historian, historical architect. and landscape architect
prepared this CLR. hi is divided into four main sections: Admunistealive Data,
Documentary Data, Field Survey Data, and Recommendations, The aim of the
research is to idemify the cultural landscape of the recreation area and to recommend
methods of protecting these resources,

The Administrative Data section sets out the objectives and methodology for the
project. Six primary themes establish the parameters for evaluating the cultural
landscape: Prehistory. Setulement. Transportation, Agriculuure, Industry, and
Recreation. The report concentrates on the fand that supports (he bistoric structures
aact the spaces between the historic sites. Mach of the traditional farmed landscape
of the Cuyahoga Valley has been ntetrievably Inst through natal succession to
woodland and particular attention is pard, in this report, t@ the preservation of
senunant fields,

The Documentary Data section describes the cultural landscape of the va
ivference ta the six themes identilied. Che significance aad integrity athe landscape
are evaluated accoriling to the National Register criteria.

The Field Survey Data section notes that the fieldwork was conducted in wo stages.
The first for open spaces and the second for culturally significant elements, The
open space analysis produced maps of conditions and vistas, agricuftural capability,
ownership, tid recommended actions, The second field work program inventoried
all 1200 parcels of Jand which comprise the recreation areas and identified
contributing histo ‘The valley is considered 10 be & landscape which
contains the remains of several interlocking cultural themes, Although most of the
land represents nineteenth eentury agricul the single most significant feature
is the Ohio and staric Native Amerscan villages, industrial, and
ional siles also contribute to the landscape, A table illustrates the primary
contibatiing cultural features al’ the valley. Threats to the cultural resources al
outlined,

reerca

re

‘The final section of the report, Recommendations, suggests that the cultural
resources of the valley may make it eligible for the National Register as a Rural
Historic District. Four management strategies are presented and assessed: no
Jandscape preservation; preserve only National Register properties: recreate the
nineteenth century historic scene; aad preserve all significant contcibuting historic
elements. The last proposal is considered the most realistic direction, offering the
greatest Mexibiliry, Guidelines are given on preferred, compatible, and incompatibte
land uses. Optimal and peak use levels for the differem types of cultural resources
in the valley are outlined, Treatmem recommendauons for park-wide actions and
i actions are listed and arcas for further susdy are identified.

140 Curtuna, Lanpscart Bieuiockarny: Resources In THE National Park SYSTEM


Charles Pinckney Nationa! Historic Site (SC)

Vincent, Susan Han, Chartes Pinckney National Histerte Sites Culterat
Landscape Report. Alanta: Southeast Regianal Office, 1998. 6] pp.
B: 017707

Chutles Pinckney National Historie Site in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, is a
28-avre remnant of Suee Farm. Charles Pinckney’s otiginal 715-uere plantation.
which was in Lhe possession of the Pinckney family from 1754 to 1818. Pinckney,
a framer and signer of the United States Constitution, inherited the plugtation in
1782, after the dewth of his father. Colonel Charles Pinckney. The site's history
refleels the mid-17" €o Ue late 204 ceotury,

The purpose of this CLR is to determine which landscape features are Pisckney-
era (1754-1817) resources within the park, Currendly, it is unclear how to wilize
the site's historic landscape patterns and resources. including the 19* century house,
to enhance public understanding of Pinckney’s Snee Varm. The park also needs
guidance on Lhe treatment of 20" century Jandscape features, including park
fucilities, which interfere with the visitor’s understanding of the Pinckney Jundscape.
Chis CLR will assist in determining the landscape’s eligibility for nomination to
the National Register of Histone Places,

Che focus of this report was initially limited to the analysis and treatment of the
site's historic circulation pattems, relurive to existing circulation palterus, Emphasis
was placed on Pinckney-cra resources. Subsequent analysis and the development
of treatment recommendations for the vegetation and other site features expanded
the scope of the report, allowing for a nore comprehensive analysi

The CLR provides treatment recommendations lo preserve and interpret the
landscape resources of the Pinckney era. [t provides an analysis of non-Pinckney-
era landscape resources, Ireutmment recommendations that accommodate
comemporary resources, and guidance for use of historical landscape resources.
including vegetation and archeology.

The research process included site visits and management staff interviews. Because
primary sources were destroyed during Charleston’s [861 fire, historical
investigation was limited to the review of secondary sources which included existing
park research, drawings, reports, copies of historica] plats, deeds, photographs.
and interview Lrunscripts,

The report is broken into four chapters, which include: Site F
Conditions, Analysis, and Treatment Recommendations. It is
with Appendices, plans. photographs and aerials.

story, Existing,
supplemented

314 Curtural LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PakK SysTEM


Nationa Capita Recor

Joseph, Muurcen DeLay. Perry Carpenter Wheelock an Deborah Warshaw.
Culterul Landscape Report. Vieginius Island -Hampers Ferry National
Histerwal Park, Washington. D.C,, USDI, NPS, National Capital Regional
Ollice. 1993. 150+ pp. (Aunerated)

B: O1G3IS
T; 383/D-U9

Myers, Bruce B. Historic Grownds Report Part i. Shenandoah and Patomec
Streets, Arsenal Squere, Harpers Ferry Natonut Historical Park.
Washington, B.C,; USBI NPS. 1965.15 pp. (Annotated)

B: 001279
: QUL279
F 385/D-40

Prentice. Joseph R. Historie Grounds Report, Part t. Harper Yard. Harpers
Ferry National titstorival Park. Washington, D.C: USDIL NPS. 1962. 11
pp. (Annotated).

B; 091283
C2 WN293
‘Ts 385/D-14

Shackel, Paul A, Domestic Resporises ser Nineteentt-Cennay lndistricttation:
An Archeology of Park Building 48. Harpers Ferry National Historwat
Park, Occasional Report No, 12, Washington, D.C.; USDI, NPS, 1994,
208+ pp.

T: 385/D-126

— and Ellen Arm Brewster. Landscapy Report: Archcologwat
Component, Package 116, Black B, Lots 2 &3, Bititidurgs 3, BGA. FA,
39A, 45, & 36. Shenandoah Street. Harpers Ferry Nationat Histericat
Park, Washingwon. D.C. USD, NPS. 199], 118 pp. 160)

B: 450458

Snell, Charles W. fistoric Steucteres Report and Grounds Repart for the tS.
Avsenal Square, Block A, Shenandoah Sneet, U.S. Armory at Harpers
Farry, 1859- G1, Historical Data Section Harpers Fe
Histovital Park, West Virginie. (Draft). Washingion, D.C. USDi. NPS.
1981. 178 pp. (166)

B: 012217

. Historic Structures and Grounds Report far the t.
1859-J864, US. Armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, Hi
Section. Harpers Ferre Nationut Historical Park, West Virgintes
Washington, D.C. USDIL, NPS. 1981, 407 pp.

B: 012282

$. Musket Factory.

_ Histovi of the Harper Gardens, Harpers Ferry Nationat
Monument, Washington, D-C.. USDL NPS. (958.11 pp. (Arurorated)
B: 001201
CC. I201

CompReHeNsive BIBLIOGRAPHY 33


The purpose of this report is, in part. 10 provide the site managers with a
comprehensive bistory of the landscape and its Chavacter-defining featwes. and to
provide guidance for their preservati \d development. The report is also preparcet
in response Lo the need lo analyze and reorganize visitor services and ortentation
of the more contemporary changes to the si

‘The report identities the following husiorie periods: Theodore Roosevelt Stewardship
| (1880-1919), Mrs. Roosevelt Stewardship (1991-1948); Theacore Roosevelt
Association Suwardship ([948-1967h NS Stewardship (1963-1995). The
methodolugy employed for this stady includes: extensive research af written,
graphic and photographie sources, a fick! survey. and a Comparative Mudy of the
pas in order io record the integ:

significant period and the existing condi of the

landscape.

Prior to this Cultural Landscapes Report, Sagamore Hill was determined to be
significant according to Criterion B of the National Register, association with
importaat persons— Theodore Roosevelt Presidem of the U.S. and noted
conservationist of the Progressive Era, and under Criterion C distinctive physical
characteristic of desiga, constrw or form for its Queen Anne sivie building.
Based on the findings of this ceport, it is however, the architecture and the landscape
together that embody the essence of T. Roosevelt's ideals, therefore making the
Jandscape significant to the site. A recommendation is made for an amendment 10
the National Register form for inclusion of (he importance of the landscape lo the
overall significance of the property.

Sagamare Hil Nationa?

234 CuururaL Laxnscare Bisuocraruy: Resources iv THE Narionat Park SysTen


Adams National Historical Park (MA}

s, Wilhelmina S, Fumishing Repurt of the Old House, Vol. 9. Quincy, MA:
DI, NPS, 1968. 93 pp.
B: 015612

The Adams National Historicat Park in Quincy, Massachusetts was established on
December 9, 1946 though a gencrot t from the Adams Sanily ta the peuple of
the United States. The park was specitically created to celebrate the memory of the
four generations of Adiases who gecupied the site from 1787-1927, and their
significant contributions to politics. literature and the development of the nation.

This niath volume of the #uraishing Report of the Old House focuses on the
development of the grounds, Prepared by tbe park Superimicadeat. the report
provides a comprehensive narrative and pictorial record describing the vernacular
landscape of the historic site between 1634 and 1970, The documentation is based

f ces, which include Icters, diaries, historical surveys,
Hoas and photographs.

The nanutive begins by outlining the early history of the property prior lo the
ite comprised part of the first land grant from the
in 1634, Heonard Vassall built « house at the site in the
and 75 acres of land in 1787. During his
vive presideney and preston he supers sed agniultiral operations on the estate,
Following his death in 1$26, the land passed to his son Joho Adams. The
development anil management of the grounds at this time is considered (o have
been a joint effort between President John Quincy Adams and his son Charles
Francis Adams. Some improvements to the estaie were undertaken, especially with
the planting of orchards and other ees. Horticulaire became the prime interest
replacing the agneultural pursuits.

Few changes to the buildings and structures were made during this period, Between
1848 and I8X6, the property «a5 owned solely by Charles Francis Adams and he
began to develop il into a “gentleman's estaic”” Lmprovements inciuded drainage
of the meadows and extensive tree plaming, New structures and additions to the
house were constructed which included servants quarters, a library. lodge and
carriage bouse. The estate later passed io his son Brooks Adams. and personal
remmnisceaces of the estate daring this era are recorded in the report, Subsequent
wventicth century changes to the grounds are documented. Between 1927 and 1946
the estale was owned by the Adams Memorial Society and since 1947 by the
National Park Service, Pictorial evidence is presented to illustrate the during
these latter periods.

‘Two planting plans are included in the repost: one shows existin
garden of the old house (1963), and the other ix the 1969 pl:
historic Mower garden west of the old house,

plants in the
v plan for the

Wk eae

ANNOTATEO BiBtioGRAaPHY



‘The report suggests that AJteraative 2, himited restoration, is the preferved aptien,
providing an economical and practical sneans for incorporating the property into
the park.

A drali National Register of Historic Places nomination form is included as an
appendix.

ahaa

Tilbetg, Frederick, Stuelt of the Location aed Type of Hences, Moacdteaned ccd
Orchards in the Area of Cemetery Ridge. Gettysburg: USDI, NPS. 1944. 47

PP-
B; 001780
©: OOL780

‘The puspose of chis study is to determine the location and type of fences, wooued
areas, orchards, and small groups of trees existing in the area of the Cemetery
Ridge at Gettysburg at the time of the Civil War buule. The research is based on an
analysis of primary sources meluding official records, maps and photographs, and
an interview with a Jongtime resident of the ares. whose futher purchased aac on.
the ridge in 1876,

The Baile of Gettysburg, which took place berween July Ist und July 3rd, 1863, is
described and provides infornution on the construction of stone and rail defenses.
The reports in the official recasds indicate that the stone wails on the Cemetery
Ridge, especially those ¢xtendiug northward and southward, were used as delense:
positions by the Union troops, tt ix also apparem that where stone walls did not
exist, a large number of rails were used in the construction of defense works. It is
presumed that yails used in the construction of defense works on (he battle lines on
Cemetery Ridge were rentoved from fences in the area.

The Wisren Survey Map of the Batile of Getrysburg. regarded as the mast authentic
source of information on the subject, is based an a survey in the field five years
after the battle and purports 10 show Lopography. woodlund. and types of farm
fences. Using this map and past war photagraphs, as well as field evidence,
recomendations ure made concecniag the types of Forces to be restored, whictr
includes post and rail. stone wall and post and cai), stone wall, stone and rider
fence, worm fence, and board fences. An examination of the Warren Survey Map
anid existing fence Sines indicates the locition of she majority of field boundaries to
be historically conect. Any known exceptions are documented.

Tree and brush growth in the area atthe time of the battle is also ducumented from
the Warten Survey Map. 1cis suggested that in the interest of restoring the wartime
appearance of the area that some: large mees be removed. leaving osly small rees
and brush. The replunting of several orchards in their historic locations is also
proposed.

The repost contains a comprehensive collection of historica! photagraphs of the
historic scene shoruy aftee the battle, as well v of pictures taken in 1944,
iw the time the report was written. The original Warren Survey Map is also
reproduced in the document.

Annotateo BrevocRaPHy



Petroglyph National Monument (NM) . 120
San Antonio Misstons National Historical ‘Park ax

Yellowstone National Park (ID. MT. WY) ...

128

MIDWEST REGION 0.22... ce ecceeccceecrecteeceecaeceresacuarceeesseaerreres 134

Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (WI) ...... .. . 133
Buffalo National River (AR) ...
Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area (OH).
Fort Scott National Histari¢ Site (KS) .........

Fort Smith Nabonal Historic Sue (AR. OK) ...
Harry S Truman National Histonc Site (MO}.....
Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (IA)...
Hot Springs National Park (AR} ...
James A, Garfield National Historic Site (OH).
Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (MO}
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (IND .....
Lincoln Home National Histartc Site {IL}...
Ozark National Scentc Rivenways {MO} .. .
Perry's Victory and international Peace Memorial {On}.
Pictured Racks National Lakeshore (Mi} ....
Sleeping Sear Dunes National Lakeshore (eu)
Ulysses S. Grant National Histarie Site (M0) ... sects cae
William Howard Taft National Histaric Stte (OH) ou. cece vee eee coe ee 180

. 156

National CAPITAL REGION o..ccccsecccescseccesctaceeccessteccertntaees 163
165

Antielam National Battlefield (MD) ...
George Washington Memorial Parkway (DC, MD, VA}.
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (MD, VA, WV)...
Monocacy Nalional Battlefield {MD} .. .

National Capilal Patks—~Central (DC).
President's Park (DC}
Rock Creek Park (DG) ......

NORTHEAST REGION 0.0... cee csccces cae csescaecavecaeescecuecateeeeesseaees

Acadia National Park (ME) .....
Adams National Historical Park (MA)
Boston National Historical Park (MA)
Cape Cod National Seashore (MA).
Colonial National Historical Park {VA} ..
Delaware Waler Gap National Recreation Area (NJ. PA}
Eleanor Roosevell National Histonc Swe (NY)
Fort Necessity National Batllehald (PA) ...
Frederick Law Olmsted Nationa! Historic Sie (MA) .
Friendship Hill National Historic Site (PA) ..
Galeway National Recreation Area (NJ, NY) .
George Washington Birthplace National Monument (VA).
Gettysburg National Mililary Park (PA)
Hampton National Historic Site (MD) .
Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Sile (NY)

Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site (PA) 216
Independence National Hislosical Park (PA) 217
Longfellow National Histonc Site {MA} 221
Marsh-Bihings-Rockefeller National Historical Park (VT) 223

Contents

vii


REGION

Minute Man National Historical Park (MA)

Boston National Historic Sites Cammission, The Lexieton-Concond Buttle
Rowd. interim Report of the Boston National Historic Sites Conunission to
the Congress of the United States, Boston: UST, NPS. 1958. 213 pp,

B; 000544

M0544

This report recommends the establistunent of a National Historie Park wt sites in
Lexington, Lincoln, and Concord, Massavhuseus, which marked the beginning of
the American Revolutionary War. ‘The park would preserve the road, whiel was
traversed by the British on the April 19, 1775, und used by the Minute Men and
Provincial Militia to torn their retreat into a route, Parl of the route was also covered
by Paul Revere on his fantous ride, dud it includes the site of his capture. The park
would be made op of 1wo prinvipal units: one of 557 acres to Form a continous
stretch along four miles of the road and include the roadside properties, and a
second smater unit of [55 acres would inetude the famous North Bridge in Concard,

At the time of this report, the area under consideration was under incrcasizg pr
fiom residential and indusuial development, und particularly from expansion of
defense activities at the U.S. Air Poree Base in the immediate neighborhood, Those
forces of change wl] had u significant impact on the landscape and, in the proe
had destroyed many valuable historic sites.

The report expluins the historical signiticance of the area and documems tne key
sites of historic interest atong the route. IL is considered that restorition of any
Portion of the Battle Road, the roadsides, or other feauires adjoining the site would
be hnpractic. The main opportunines created by the park would be in raising the
standards of muintenance and preservation of the sites that remain. A need for
interpretation of the sites is recognized and @ system is proposed in Ihe report.

The park is cavisaged as 4 core area Irom which alher revolution sites in the wider
landscape could ulso be interpreted. Besides a positive program to acquire Jands
for the Nationa] Historical Park, the repart contains recommendations for

cooperative agreements with local governments. historical societies. and other
propeny owners whercver feasible to ensure the continued preservation of these
other shes and faciinale their inlerprevation. Such sites include the Battle Green in
Lexingion and Wright's Tayern in Cancord,

A useful appendix to the report coniains a detailed and comprehensive narrative,
prepared in chronological seytience for ihe days between March 20, 1775 and
April 19. 1775, The events and incidents ace related to features of the historic
landscape.

Other appendices provide additivoal data on the individual site
Appropriate niups, plans. and photographs are included.

and buildings.

eee Re

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 227



NOIDSAY WLldVd TWNOILLVAY

4
iy ‘
a4
4
74
nage sb
expe aS
g 3
p 2
S
ra
i H
eee n eae
ordaagascaneg say : x
FoRoR aba aye on cui
UUETEyesecnagg se aes i
pasesy eecseospsasy boi
Sessteteres Sdteauess its
ateeeetestestestrteetseetiess
Scsayveuagsssesis® :



This study u .
and present National Ps ark § ervice pA
included publications by NPS, local hi
ant the Sandburg hore, atid banks by

“ron, Other sources of informabon ased
lorius publications on Henderson County
tunity members about hfe at Connemura,

AAS a landscape restoration aad management swudy,
Preservation and restoration aceds af the historic landscape of the Carl Sandbure
home. Sections of this CLR include: Pre-Sandburg Landscape; The Historic
Conditions during the Sandburg years, the Sundburg Philosophy. conditions
ement of the site, fecki
changes in the Sandburg landscape: Assessment of, thei integrity of the site compared
to conditions during the historic period: Examination of the feasibility of a
restoration program anc management alternatives: and Receinmendations for
management, general policies, by avea and for interpretive programs.

the proper
gardens. trail:

Hency on the site in 1945, and loving things in their patural
sto grow in this way. The ovo types of changes occurti
1 the stte during this peciod include both natural (succession and loss of vegetation
due to natural causes) and man-made removal and replanting of vegetation, and
additions of new piantings.

state, encouraged thi

‘The overail integrity of the suc is bigh. The location of structures, roads, gardens.
woodlands, and pastures ure wrue to the historic period. The existence of all historic
structures, ipeludiag fences and wails, much of the historic vegetation, streams,

idhfe. and woodlands preserve the seuing of the site, Due to the low-density
residential development and nyountainous turmun around the site the rural setting
associated with the site still exists. The site no longer expresses the family’s love
af wildness nor the constant changes that defined the character of the site during
the Sandburg occupancy. due to present management techniques.

Recommendations for a landscape management plan include
guiding all management, un overall management recommendation: Management

and suggestions [or visitor interpretation. The conclusion
reached for Connemara is that constantly changing pattems in the landscape were
during the historic period. These changes were both man-made and natural
and created the feeling associated with the farny during the historic period. With
the implementation oF varying maintenance procedures and relaxed management
techniques, this feelmg could he restored, Management recommendations are
accompanied by plan drawings of individual site areas. Appendices A - O mclude
suggestions for plantings for the different areas uf Connemara, plant sources and
Management tim

atement of policy

ANNOTATED BislioGRaPHy

SoutHeast Re

313



NOISSY NIVLINNOWYALN]



Colonial National Historical Park (VA)

Bares, Arthur G. Restoration/Reconstruction of the Yorktown Battlefield.
Deover; USDI, NPS. 1976. 150 pp
RB: O1Q755
C: HOTSS
T: 333/10-60

Colonial National Historical Park commemorates the first landing site (Cape Henry)
and permanent serleniemt Samestown) in the United States as well as Yorktown,
site of the 1783 Anwerican Revolution battle and a 23 mile designed parkway which
connects the sites, Yorktown Battlefield, Virginia, was the scene of the Allied vietory
over the British in the American Revolutionary War on Octohur L8th, 1781

Prepared by Southside Historical Sites, Inc.. the report docuntents the restration
and reconstruction work undertaken ut the buttlefield between 1973 and 1976, The
siege of Yorktown is deseribed folluwed by i outline of the 1970s ceconsteugtion.
Ao garlier attempt at restoration/reconstruction was made by the National Park
Service in the 1930s which is alse documented,

The principal structural clements of eighteenth century siege fortifications are
described. Those elemeats relevant to the reconstruction uf the earthworks at

Annotateo Bis tioGRAPHy

201



Sniith-Middleton. Holy aod Arnold R, Alanen. Testarnenis to Place and fine:
A Cultural Landscape Report for Sitka National Historical Pa
Anchorage: USDA, NPS. Alaska Systems Support Office. 1999, 228 pp,
B: 017746

Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and National Preserve (AK)

|

|

J

j

)

| White, Paul, Kennecott curd Bremner Landscape Histories, Anchorage: USDI.
RPS. 1999. 244 pp.

6 Curvurat. LANUscaAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEM


NERAL REPORTS

332 Curtura Lanoscare BisLioGRaPHy: RESOURCES IN THE National Park System




George Rogers Cfark National Histoncal Park (IN) ...
George Washington Carver National Monument (MO) .
Grand Porlage National Monument {MN} .
Harry $ Truman National Historic Site (MO).
Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (1A)
Homestead National Manusnent of America (NE) .
Hopewell Cullure National Histancal Park (OH)
Hot Springs National Pask (AR) .. eeseteesee
indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (IN) .........
James A. Garfield National Histone Site (OH)
Jefferson National Expansion Memorial {MO} .
Keweenaw National Historical Park (Ml)...
Knife River indian Villages National Histone Site (ND)
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial {IN} ....
Lincoln Home National Historic Site {IL}.
Nicodemus National Historic Site (KS} ...
Ozark National Scenic Rivenways (MO) ...
Parry's Victory and International Peace Memorial (OH}
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (Ml) ..
Sleeping Bear Dunes Nalional Lakeshore (Mi .
Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site (MO)
Voyageurs National Park {MN}...
William Howard Taft National Histonc Site (OH)
Wilson’s Creek Nalonal Battlefield (MO) .....

National Capital REGION 0.0.0... cee

Antietam National Battlefteld (MD}.
Catoctin Mountain Park (MD) ..
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (oC, MD, Wy) .
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site (DC) ..
George Washington Memorial Parkway (DC, MD, VA)
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (MD, VA. WV)
Manassas National Battlefield Park (VA}
Monocacy Nalonal Battlefield {MD} ..
National Capital Parks-Central (DC) .
National Capita] Parks-East {DC}
President's Park {DC)
Rock Creek Park (DC)

NORTHEAST REGION 210... csceseeseseseeeeseestseseeutteneeececstsssnneeee

Acadia National Park (ME) ....
Adams National Historical Park {MA}
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park (VA)
Boston Nalional Historical Park (MA)
Cape Cod National Seashare (MA)

Colonial National Historical Park (VA)
Delaware Waler Gap National Recreation Area (NJ, PA}.
Edison National Historic Site (NJ)...

Eleanor Roosevell National Historic ‘Site iNY).
Fort Necessily Nakonal Batllefieki (PA}
Forl Stanwix National Monument (NY)
Frederick Law Olmsied National Historic Site (MA) ..

Cutturat Lanpscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park SysTEM


OUNTAIN REGIO

Although st] in draft form, this report is well documented through text and
photographs and will include a chronological series of overlays detailing the changes
in the landscape from 1870 w the present

Pecos National Historical Park (NM}

Cowley, Jill Muuteen Joseph and Diane Rhodes. Cusneal Landscape Overview:
Pecos National Historical Park. New Mexico, Sata Pe: USD. NPS,
Intermountain Support OMfice, 1998, 1704 pp.

B: O17676
T: 430/D-46

The landscape of the Peeos/Gloriets ares has a tieh and complex history, The Peyos
aea served as a strategic cultural crossroads anu frontier for at least Ten centuries.
This role continues tod ss Visitors conte to the park from al over the work? and
as ulitionally associated communities actively retain their ties to the area.

Pecos Pueblo and the Spanish Mission were
of Ure Pecan

rst protected through the establishinent
joual Mourument (tr 165, which was expanded and reaamed Pecos
National Historical Park on June 27, 199, The purpose of this expinsion was lo
recounlize and preserve the imuhi-theme history, including the cultural interaction
wong diverse groups of people, the Pecus area and ily “guteway” role between

Pueos National Historical Park. View of Piguon’s Ranch. (7) Hermon Perkhurst, Courtesy af te Masewn of Ne

Mexica, Neg, No. 9686. 1948)

AnnotaTeD BiBiiocRAPHY 119


“Phe landscape of each historical period is described and followed by an analysis
of existing conditions with information on the current cixculation, structures,
Tandiforn, vegetation and small-scale site features. This section includes a discussion
of the significance and integrity of the site. The Spanish occupation period is
identified as being of prim ignificance and much of the site is considered to

still appear today as it did at the cnd of this period. Much of the development,

which look place during the U.S occupation bas largely heen removed. The site is
considered to display gh degree of integrity,

It is recommended that the site he rchabititaed to the 1540-1398 peried. The
rehabilitation would include an area for recreation and imerpretation. Important
views that merit preservation are identified. as are arcas that could accanmimocate
increased recreational activity and arcas suitable for vegetation cstablishment,

Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site {AL)

National Park Service. Moton Field/Tiuskegee Airmen: Special Resource Sturdy.
Atlanta: USDI, NPS, Southeast Regional Office. 1998. 259 pp.

The purpose of this Special Resource Smudy' (SRS) is to evaluate the potential of
adding Moton Hield in Tuskegee, Alabama 10 the National Park System to
commemorate the role of the Tuskegce Aimnen during World War I}, In 1997, Ds,
Benjamin F, Payton. President of Tuskegee University, and United Staes
Representative Bob Riley, 3% District, Alabama. requested that the National Park
Service study how to best interpret and celebrate the role of the Tuskegee Airmen
in World War Hf and their inital aiming at Moton Fictd. This study applics national
significance, suitability, and feasi and presents management and
development alternatives,

‘To help determine Moton Field's eligibility as a National Historic Landmark. a
survey of Moton Field and Tuskegee Army Ait Field was initiated in September
1988. The survey concluded that a strong case could be made for the national
significance of the fields and facilities at Tuskegee to commemorate the heroic
deeds of the Tuskegee Airmen during World War ff, The study illustrates the
segregation practices of the marines, army, and Anny Ait Corps (Army Air Forces)
from their ipeepton until 1947. More importancy, it carefully examined the
remaining historic resources (© tetermine if Tuskegee Anny Airfield anct Moton

Field possesses a high clegree of integrity.

In February 1989, representatives from Southeast Regional Office of NPS decided
that both Moton Field and the ‘Tuskegee Army AirGeld are nationally significant in
that they both commemorate the birth of Black participation in Chited States militry:
aviation. The earlier study was based on an evaluation of integrity (hat considered
the remaining historic structures bul not the overall airfield site and its historic
setting including cultural landscape features. Therefore, it was recognized at the
outsct of this SRS that the NPS should reevaluate the Moton Field site to determine
its eligibility as a National Historic Landmark,

The SRS is divided into seven major sections: Exccutive Summary. Overview:
History of the Tuskegee Airmen, The Resource: Moton Ficid, Resource Significance,

320 CurturaL Lanpscare BrevioGcrapHy: Resources in THE Nationa: Parx System



Recommendation

or reatment are organized inte two large Categories. including
uhural fields and the ranch complex. General recommendations are made
with respect to all four agriculiural fields, with three options for aitcrnative treament
provided. The raach complies is divided inte Zee Ar the ranch house, orchards
and garden; and Zone 8: the working ranch und associuted avcas, For euch of these
Ivo Zones, a management objective is stated und recommendations ure provided
wuh déspeel to suuctues. fences, ci tion, Site plans are included,
which key ta all iandseape f nd structures, as well as treatment
recommendations, Appendices include a descnption of agricultural feelds, buildings
and struct and a lease agreement,

Lake Chelan Nationa! Recreation Area {WA)

Boxberger, Daniel L. Aa Fitogmiphic Overview and Assessment of Narth
Cascades National Park Service Complex. Seattle: USDIL NPS. Pacific
Northwest Regional Office. Cultural Resources Division, 1996, 127 pp.
T: 168/D-228

The North les National Park Service Complex consists of 671,096 acres
distubuted throughout four contiguous wus within Whatcom, Skagit and Chetan
Counties in Washington State. The park was established by Jaw in 1968 Lo preserve
natiwal wildemess of the national park units and to provide recreational opportunities,
to the public at the Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Areas, The
park lies between two distinet Native American cultural aveas. the Plateau and the
Northwest Coust. It encompasses tenttory claimed by a number of Native American
gtoups of the Coastal and Interior Salish, By contemporary designations, these
gvoups include the Novksack, Sto-lo, Savk-Suiattle. Upper Skagit, Chelan, Methow,
Enuiat, Wenstchrit and Nlakapamux (formerly known as Thompson!

This report addresses nwo concerns of importance to NPS*s on-going management
of cultural resources within the park. The fi F
information abun American Indian populations who once whabited the area. and
any’ of their desceactants who may be identifiable as contemporary wibes, bans, oF
‘irst Nations. The second concera regards cultural affitiahons of Parkas oi
populations and the record of treaties, legislation, kegal dis
ucejsiuns concerning such populations’ access to natural information, Thi:
information is critical te NPS*s compliance with an unay of federal t
regulations guiding the mai nL of natural and cultural resour
with park-affiliated American Indian groups,

¥hs Etimographic Overview and Assessment (ROA) reviews the ethnographic
and ethnohistoric literature to- and evaluate an existing database te determine
if the database content meets NPS management needs, This research project
evaluates the available information and makes suggestions for further research
activities.

The ethnographr: titerature was found wo consist of dhree main [ypes:

+ Traditional Ecinographies primarily tram the carly 1900s. that consi
descripive material akempting tw give an overview of cultural pater

> Indian Claiins Comuiission Reports which wilized existing ethnographic and
historic data to defimeate tribal claims.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

28t



Andropogon Associates, Ltd. and Robbin B. Sotir, Farthwarks Landscape
Management Manned, Washington, D USDA, NPS. 19X9. 135 pp.
{Annatated)

B: 015076
T: 999/1D-533

Andrus, Patrick W. Nationat Register Bulletin 40: Guidetines for Identifying,
Fraluating, and Registering America’s Historie Baitlesields, Wi
D.C. USDI. NPS, Culural Resources, Interagency Resources De
1942. 27 pp.

T 990/D- [289

Ballamyne. Duncan. Accommodation of Disabled Visuurs at Historic Sites m
the National Purk Systea, Washington, D.C.: USDI. NPS. Park Historie
Architecture Division. 1984. 96 pp.

T YOOD-S38

Bunbaum, Charles A. Preservation Brief 36: Protecuag Calueral Landscapes:
Plaumung. treatment. and Managemeut of Historic Landscapes.

‘ashington, D.C,: USDL. XPS. Preservation Ass

20 pp.

T: QD9/1D-441

1994,

Borchers, Perry E. Photogrammetric Recording of Cultural Resources.
Washingtm. D.C. USDI, NPS. 1977. 38 pp.
B: O1490t
T: 99D 2

Collin, Margaret. and Kristin Baker, Guide to Preparing a Plant daventory for
a Historic Propern. (Draft), Boston: USD!, NPS. Olmsted Center tor
Landscape Preservation, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 2000,
86 pp. iAvmorated)

Coffin, Margaret. and Regina M, Bellavia. Guide to Developing a Preservation
Maiatenance Plan for a Histeric Landscape. Cuhural Landscape
Publication No, 7. Boston; USD, NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape
Preservation. 1998. 70 pp. (Amotared)

Day, Karen E. Preservation tech Notes. Site No. to Restoring Vine Coverage ta
istorec Buildings. Washington, D.C: CSDL NPS, Cultural Resources,
Preservation Assistance Division. 1991. 6 pp.

Dolan, Susan. Removing Barriers to Equal Access within Cultural Landscape
Preservation; A Phitasophy and Process for the Planting and Desig of
Equat Experiential Access in Preserved, Cutturat Landscapes. Masters
Project, Fagene, OR: The University of Oregon, 1996, 214 pp.

Firth, lan J. Management Considerations for
Histarn: Districts tn the National Park Sxstert, Southeast Region.
USDI, NPS. Southeast Region. 1985. 754 pp. ¢Amoniteds
B: O1S620
T: HU/D-60

Biotic Cudurat Resowrce.

Comprexensive Bisuiosraruy

TECHMICAL INFORMATION

97


NortHeast REGION

$6

Historic Structare/Furnishings/Grounds Report, Deshleer-Morris
House, Bringhurst louse, Historica’ Data Section, hulependence National
Histarical Park, Pennsylvania. Denver: USD, NPS, Denver Service
Center. 1980. 252 pp.

B: O10831

C. O1083h

T: 391.1613

Longfellow National Historic Site {MA)

Cultural Landscape Report tor Longfellow: National
A wis of Integrity and Significance. Toston:
USDI. NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation. 1999, $15 pp.

Brockway, Lucinda and isabel] Mancinell. ffisterte Grownds Report anid
Restoration Plan: Lougfeltow National Historie Site. (Draft), Boston:
USD. NPS. 1984.

B: 612930

Coffin, Margaret, Kristin Clacys, and Charles Pepper, fisarie Plant Inventory
tor Lougfeltow National Historic Site. Boston: USDI. NPS, Ohnsted
Center for Landscape Preservation. 1994, 3004 pp.

Evans, Catherine, Cultural Landscape Report for Longfeltaw National Historic
Site, Volume 1: Site History and Existing Conditions. Cultaral Landscape
Publication No, 2. Boston: USBI, NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape
Preservation, North Atlantic Regional Office, Cultural Resources.
Management Division. 1993. 138 pp. fAnreied)

B; 015619
T: 453/D-11

Favredi, Rady J. Gromnds Maintenance Manual: Longfellow and Frederick
Law Obnsted Historic Sites. Boston; USDIL NPS. 1986. 86 pp,
B; 400525

Meier. Lawen G. Crtural Landscape Repori for Longfellow Narionat Historic
. Volume 3: Treatment Recommendations. (Drak). Boston. SDL

NPS, Obmsted Center lor Landscape Preservation. )997, 72 pp.

Lowel! National Historical Park (MA}

kvans, Catherine. Crdtural Landscape Report for the Eastern Mill Yard. Boott
Coton Milf No. 6. Boston: USDY, NPS, Olmsted Center for Landscape
Preservation. 1995. 63 pp.

Gross, Lawrence F and Russell A. Wright. Historic Steuctares Report, History
Portion, Building 6; the Counting House, the Adjacent Courtvant und the
Facades of Buitdings § and 2, Boou Mili Comptex, Lowell Natiomat
Historie Park. Denver: CSDL. NPS. Denver Service Center, 1986 474+
pp.

B: 013525

Curturar Lanoscare BisLiosKAPHY; RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System


IORTHEAST REGION

194

Ricley & Associates. Reconunended Gnidetnes for the Restoration,
Maintenance and Use of Carriage Roads at Acadia National Park. 2 Vols,
Boston: USDE, NPS. 1989. 351 pp.

B: 615501
T: 126D-99

This report presents dour chapters of the Historic Resource Study far the Carriage
Road System for Acadia National Park. Ni sprcifically deals with the construction,
Testorativg, maintenance, and use of the roads. The introduction to the report states
that, since Rockefeiler’s death in 1960, maintenance by the NPS has been poor
and many of the roads have failen into disrepair. Much of the binder has eroded
away, the crown bas been lost, vegetition has grown in ditches. and in some cases.
drainage has failed 10 the point where water now runs down the surface of the
yoad, exposing the foundation stones. Coping stones have also been lost and che
vistas grown over. Much of the carriage road system is considered Lo be in need of
complete reconstraction, rather then just repair or restoration. Treatment of the
roads is justified for avo reasons, They :tee an important historic and cultural resource
representing the finest example of broken stone roads designed for horse drawn
vehicles still ext in America. Secondly, the roads offer a great opportunity for
access by visitors to the park, for cycling, biking, and cay vides.

ie

The chapter on construction discusses early nincleenth century road building
technigues. notably those of Telford and Macadam and the development of
technology which facilitated the building of broken stone roud!s at Acadia in the
carly (twentieth century, which combined the strong foundations and superior
drainage of the Telford road with the economy of the Macadam read. The
construction of Uke carriage roads is illustrated by reference to original plans and
specifications. These describe the character of the roads and construction details.
for ihe width and crown. foundations. middle layers, surface, gutters, drainage,
culverts, and retaining wails.

The chapter on restoration States that any restoration plan should begin with a
detailed survey and analysis of existing conditions. Original construction documents
should be consulted where they exist. and (hese, together with field survey results,
shonld provide bascline information from which restoration design documents
be prepared. Detail is given on the restoration and reconstruction of the roadway
len, clearance of vistas, planting restoration, and supplementary
. Estimates are given For the costs of the work.

Ouce the camiage wads have been restored. itis essential (hat an adequate level of
muintenance is undertaken. In areas where immediate restoration is not possible, it
is imperative that the roads are maintamed t prevent further deterioration, An
appropriate maintenance program for all elements of the cartiage toad system.
outlined,

The final chapter of the report deals with the use of the roads for cattiages. horseback
riding, bicycling, snowmubiles, cross country wg, walking/hiking. dog sleds,
and the provision of wheelchair access, The compatibility of these various uses js
discussed, ft is concluded that the multiple use of these roads should cause Title
conflict, although the compatibility of dog sleds should be carefully monitored.

Cuttunat LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM



INTER In ReGion

Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site {MT}

National Park Service. Cidlnae! Landscape Analysis, Grant Kokrs Raneh
National Historic Site. Santa Fe: USDT, NPS. 1987. 3] pp. (Annotated)
B; B1S12]
T: AS UD. 24

Guadalupe Mountains National Park (TX)

Frovschauer, Peggy. Crltural Landscape Report far tlie Frijate Runch,
Guadalupe Mountains National Park. Santa ¥e: USDI, NPS, Sauthwes!
Regional Office. 1995, 72 pp. (Apaotated)

B: 017633

Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site (AZ)

Trovschatier-Nelson, Peggy. Cadtural Landscape Report for Hubbell Trading
Past National Historic Site, Gunde. Arizona, Santa Fe: USDI, NPS.
1999, 233+ pp. fAntotiteds

Peterson, Charles 8. Uenestecd uid Marin: A History of Farming at die
Rubbet! Trading Posi National Histurie Site, Santa Ve: USBI, NPS. 1986.
338 pp
B: 600506
T: 447/D-36

_ .» farmlands Hisiery: Part One, Water, Crops, Hubbell Trading Post
National Histarie Site, Atizona, Santa Fe: USDL NPS. 1983. LOL pp.

B: O13015
43D.

Lyndon B, Johnson National Historical Park (TX}

Carls, Glenn FE, and Gwendolyn A, Gardner, Crlturat Landscape Repert,
Analysis of Histarical Veyetation, fvaden B. Johnson Narional Historical
Park. Santa Te: USD, NPS. 1986. 106 pp.

600280
T: 477/D-19

Gardner, Gwendolyn Ann. A Study of Historical Vegetation in Lyndon B.
Johnson National Histovical Park. Santa Fe: USDL. NPS, 986. 139 pp.
B: 600477
T: 49772-19

Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (AZ)

Warren, Peter 1., Vegerationt af Organ Pipe Cucits Nasional Monument. Sani
Fe: USDI, NPS. 1981. 79 pp,
tp 1S7D-34

Comprenensive BisuiograpHy 41


Weinbaum, Paul 55

Werhle, Ed 30

Wegsen, Gary 73

Wheelock, Parry Carpenter 36, 32, 33. 36, 39, 173, 174, 179

Whitcomb, Lisa 86, 318

White, Linda M. 64, 240

White, Paul 6

Whitehill, Lucinda A. 49. 206

Wilhelm, E-J,, Jr 83

Wilhelm, Gerould 21

William Behnke Associates 22, 149

Wiliams, Brenda Wheeler 24

Williams, Skerda 23, 156

Wiliams-Russel) and Associates 87

Wilson, Barbara 86, 246

Wilson, Merrill Ann 45

Winstel, Jeffrey 18, 141 '
Winter, Susan E. 34
Winthrop, Kathryn 71, 258
Winthrop, Robert 77, 253
Woolworth, Alan R. 49
Wray, Jacilee 78

Wrenn, George L. 44
Wright, Robert D. 21, 148
Wright. Russell A. 56
Wyatt, Barbara 24

y

Yocum, Barbara 57
York, Jit M. 23, 152

z

Zaitzevsky, Cynthia 45. 49, 62, 66, 67, 207, 236, 244, 246, 248
Zeichner, Lauren Lubin 85, 315
Zanzen, Joan M. 35

352 CULTURAL LaNoScaPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System



130 CutTurac Lanoscare BiauiograrHy: RESOURCES IN THE NaTIONAL Park System



This report documents the evolutian of the landscape anil is iatendect to serve as
the foundation for the development of a plan to manage the cultural aindscape and.
the historic setting which is critical to the interpretation of Martin Van Buren and
his ‘Sweet Lindenwakd’.

The methodnfogies used for this report include: a thorough rescarch of writen and
graphic sources; a liek! survey documenting the existing conditions of the site
and; the analysis of the existing landsvape’s integrity for the sites significant time
period (1839-1864), A list of character-defining features of the landscape is
established in order to document the evolution of the landscape changes that have
ovcurred lo the property over tive and is discussed for cach of the study periods
estabtished for this study.

The landscape features evaluated include: Environment (Natural, Sovio/Cultuval);
Setting; Natural Systems and Featwes (Physiagraphy, fopography, Geology,
Hydrology, Ecology, Climate); Tuildings and Swuctures {Mechanical Systems,
Site Engineering Systems); Vegetation, Spatial Organization (Views and vistas);
Circulation, Water Veatures; Furnishings and Objects.

2:

The repor is organized into five chapters that correspond to the defined historic
periods: Van Ness Period (1780-1839); Yan Buren Period (1839-1864); Wayoner
Period (1864-1917): deProsse Period (1917-i973¥ NPS Period (1973-1993), and
include periad photos and other Ulustrations along with accompanying period plans
at the end of each chapter.

The Martin Van Buren National f listorival Site is established as a significant properly
based on the National Register Criterion B: association with Martin Van Buren,
the United State's eighth president and Criterion C: the Mtalianate architecture of
the Van Buren homie. At lhe time the National Register of Historic Places Nomination
Torn was completed for the Van Buren farm, landscapes were not recognized as a
significant contributing feature for a property and therefore were not mentioned
on the form, Base on the findings of this report, a recommendation for an
amendinent to the Registration Form to inglude the fandsvape and its character-
defining features in assoviution with Criterion B is made,

Che Statement of Integrity evaluates the property as a whole, as it exists today,
based on its ability to convey its significance. Seven aspects of tniegrity have been
established and include: location. design. seting, materials. workmanship, fecling,
and association, The conclusion that Lindenwald retains integrity is hased on the
condition of its location, overall design and setting with portions of the remaining
aspects itso still intact. Although J jadensvald has undergone 131 years of landscape
change. the formal character of the estate is stil] evident. Lnplementation of a
preservation treatment will ensure continued integrity of the Van Buren farm to be
enjoyed by future generations,

The Appendices include information sources used for the research process, historic
documents used in the report. a bibliography, and explanations of landscape features
developed for the report

226 Curturat LanoscaPe BipliogRaPHy: Resources IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM



1950-59; -1918-29
\ 1940-49— -~ ~— 1930-39

Comparison of cultural franiscupe research by decade,

Since the cetinement of purpose. content and format of Cultural Landscupe Reports,
the reports produced du olfer three defined components: Pei!
JSite History. Existing Conditions and Analysis and Evaluation; Part if Treatment,
and Fart H-Record of Treanment. One purpose of recent reports hus focnsed on
identifying landscape characteristics, features, materials, and qualities of a
fandscape. along with analyzing and evahauing those atwibutes in rebetion to the
development and evolution of the landscape. Based on that iaformation, treatment
yecommendation current reports offer Aunt Hi-Recued
of Treatment, inclusion of that section recognizes that changes often exist between
lhe proposed and actual treatment: and the need to provide an articulate account of
the alterations made to a landscape as pact of the historical record,

How this Guide is Organized

“This bibliography gions, as depicted in the figure on the
next page. Within each region, the bibliography is organized alphabetically by
park, Reports pertaining to a park are listed alphabetically by author, with multiple
works by the same author listed chronologically. the newest date listed first. Both
the comprehensive and annotated bibliographies have sections entitled General
Reports and Technical Information. The General Repunts section include reports
whose scope address general systemsvide issues. while the Technical Information
section includes reports that offer guidance for specitic cultuwal landscape techutcal
issues.

The aumber of pages contained within individual reports 3s listed when available
ant for those not paginaled an gstimate is given, noted with (+), All photographs
and illustrations in the bibliography from private and special collections have

INTRODUCTION

x!



NTE! NTAIN REGION

128

James & Juarez, Architects. Land and Community Associates, et. a, Afi;
Concepcion, Cultural Landscape Report, Volume 3. Santa Fe: USD NPS,
Southwest System Support Office. 1998, 200+ pp.

Mi

ion Concepcion is one of tour missions in the 870 acre San Antonio Missions
National Historical Park. Of the missions within the current park sysiem, Mission
Concepcidn retains the greatest degrce Of architectural integrity, and is considered
the best preserved of all Texas mission churches, There has been litde human
intervention in terms of reconstruction, and substantial. but rapidfy deteriorating,
Portions of the original frescoes, sculpture. and masonry remain, {ts surrounding
landscape, however. has been developed and scarcely resembies that of an
cightecnth-century mission. Concepcion bas also lost much of its rural setting,
with urbanization encroaching upon it Jaberes (fields) and acequia (irrigation ditch)
system.

‘This CLR (Volume 3) is part of a comprehensive effort to document, analyze and
evaluate. and develop ucatment gz nes for the cultural landscape resources
throughout the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. Under the direction
of NPS, a nulidisciptinary consultant team of landscape architects, historians.
and preservation specialists initiated documentation and evaluation of cultural
jandscape resources as well as proposed appropriate wceatmenl guidelines and
recommendations for the maintenance and enhascement of historic resources.

Work ions for this project dealt with the complexity of developing treatments
appropriate ta the varied nature of resources represented. the lack of physical
evidence related 10 the period 1794-191]. and the need to develop treatments not
only to aditress the park’s cuntent needs, but also to protect significant archeological
resources, As a result of these issues, the group arrived al a consensus Ucatment
approach of Preservation for archeological resources and Rehabilitation for the
above-ground landscape.

The five main sections of the report are: Management Summary, History of the
Mission Concepcidn Landscape. Existing Conditions, Analysis and Evaluation
and Design Guideli and Recommendations. The repost is supplemented with
appendices, a bibSiography, maps. plans, and photographs.

Yellowstone National Park (ID, MT, WY)

Culpin, Mary Stivers. The History uf the Construction of the Roud Sy:
Yeltowstone National Park, 1872-1966, Historic Resource Study Votune f.

USDI. NPS. 1994. 530 pp.

T: 101/D-524

Designated, March 1, 1872, as this country’s first national park, Yellowstone is an
area of natural resources sought out by many for both education and recreation.
With 10,000 geysers and hot springs, lakes, waterfalls, high mountain meadows.
and the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. this park is one of the most visiled in our
country. Originally accessible only by “saddle and pack trams,” which were deemed
inconvenient and often dangerous. the park auw has a web of roads, trtils aod
various paths used by motorists, hikers and riders

Corturar Lanpscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEM



AUTHOR INDE:

Giamberdine, Richard 79, 297

Gibbens, Robert A 79

Gibson, Deidre 54

Gilbert, Cathy A. 9, 13, 32, 71, 72. 73, 76, 77. 78, 79, 100, 109, 124, 126, 173,
253, 255, 256, 261. 262, 265, 279, 242, 285, 290, 298, 299, 338

Giltespie, Patricia 66

Gamez, Art 13. 124, 125

Goodrich. Terry 79, 297

Gordon, Nancy M 64

Graham, Roy Eugene 10

Graham, Willam A. 65

Greene, Jerome A. 10, 46, 83. 309

Greene, Linda W. 79

Griffin, Kristen 5

Griswold, Mac 49, 207

Gross, Lawrence F 56

Grossman, Charles S$ 54, 217

Grubb, Audrey L. 85

Guitan. Alane 45

H

Hagan, Mary Ann 54, 217
Halchin, Jal y, 32

Haley and Aldrich, Inc. 45
Hall, Jeaness 36

Haller. Stephen A. 74, 272
Halprin, Lawrence 74, 273
Hamilton, Chester 18, 138
Hammons, Jeffrey E. 50
Hanley, Marybeth 67
Hanna, Jennifer 31

Harold Russell Associates. Inc. 91
Harnington, John 19

Harris, Wilhelmina S. 44, 195
Harrison, Laura Soulkere 20
Hart, Susan 84, 310, 312
Harly, Barbara 45, 62
Harvey, Robert R. 23, 153
Haswell, Susan O. 24, 159
Hatch, Charles €.. Jr. 46
Heady, Harold F. 79

Heald, Sarah H. 32
Hernigte, Jacqueline L. 34
Hevly. RH. 14

Hightower, Barbara E 94
Hill, J. William 61

Hohmann, Hoidi 58, 64
Holmer, Katy 17

Holmes, Barbara 85
Holzheimer, Robert 87, 319
Horrocks, James P 53, 215
Houston, Ana E. 72,94, 325
Hugins, Waller E. 59

6 Cutturat Lanoscare BisuioGraPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System


Barker, Leo R. and Ann E. Houston, eds. Dean) Valley te Deudword: Kennecott
to Cripple Creek: Proceedings of the Historic Mining Conference. Jan
23-27, L989, Dewtit Vailey. Washingwn, DC: LSDI. NPS. 1990, 219 pp.

B: 015590
T:140/D |

This ceport vontains papers from the Proceedings of the 1989 Historic Mining
Conference bekt at Death Walley National Monument. The eunference was held in
response tO a oumMber of concerns thal effect the treatment, preservation anu
management of mining retated sites and structures as significant cultural resources,
These issues include the reopening of old mines as a resuli of a rise in gall prives,
government jnitiatives fo rechuim and clean up abandoned mine jands, and the
requirements of the National [histaric Preservation Act,

The week long conference included the presentation of more than thirty papers,
The pipers are divided into five main areas: Planning, Survey and Evaluation;
Compliance Issues and Abandoned Mine Reclamation: Uistoric American
Engineering Record: Management and Interpretation: and Case Studies,

Planning, Survey and Evaluction; Vhis section addresses ihe problem of
dewrmining which otining resources are significant, and the process ta be fallawed
by land managers and cuttarcal resource professionals in identifying and evaluati
then), The papers oultine the preservation planning process, methods of inventory,
and the National Register of Historic Places guidvlines. The perspective at viewing
histeric mine lands as cultucal landscapes ts discussed. Mining site historical
archaeology ts also described in this section,

Compliance Issues and Abandoned Mine Reclamation: Section 106 of the National
Historic Preservation Act requires Federal agencies to take into consideration actions
that nay have an impact on historic properdes within their jurisdi i
Wilh this section usually requires the mitigation of adv
such measures used for historic mining sites are given. They inctude interpretation.
archaeological and structoral recovery, salvage or stabilization of historic structures.

The Abandoned Mine Reclamation program, with its enrphasis on eliminating sufety
hazards, cleaning up and temoving evidence of former mining sites bas in the past,
poset! many! problenis for cultural resource managers. The program is discussed
here frant the National Park Service perspective and an altemative method of nine
closure using heavy onetat nels is outlined. This technique bas been successfully
used in Death Valley.

Historic American Enginecring Record: HALR recording is often used when
historic structures have to be removed for safety or other purposes. The HAER
progrim is described here, and examples given of its use for recording mining
resuurces in Alaska and Michigun

Management and interpretation; Resouice management and interpretation must
work together at many historic mini, ites TO ensure Unit resources Are protected
and the demands of visitors are provided lar. There may sometimes be conflict
with the preservation of cultural yesources in parks primarily designated for their
mitturdl resources. Interpretation is considered (a be one method of resolution. This
section provides examples of the successful preservation and interpretation of

Annotateo BIBLIOGRAPHY

General Repor

325


ENERAL REPORTS

Scotts Bluff Nationa? Monument. The Oregan Trail, associated with overland migrating across the Great Plains
between 1843- (869, cominues 10 be used today ay 2 hiking trail in the park. (WPS. 7 900)

324 CutTuraL Lanpscare BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTeM


NICAL INFORMATION

336

dicide management. liming, planting. mowing cte. Two specific sites.
representing a diverse array of typical conditions and problems are highlighted in
section to illustrate the recommendations: the Port lisher Arca of the Petersburg
ional Battlefield. and Lhe Cold Uarbor unit of the Richmond National Battlefield
Park.

The
restabil

al section of the report contains mawagement guidelines for the
zation and revegetation of surfaces damaged by excessive wear.

ether

Coffin, Margaret and Kristin Baker. Guide te Preparing a Plant Inventory for a
Histeric Property, (Dial), Boston: USDL, NPS. Olinsted Center for
Landscape Preservation, Araold Arboretum of Flarvard University. 2000. 86
Pp.

Whether vegetation is specific associated with a historic figure or part of a
nokible landscape design, it lansely defines the characier of a cultural landscape.
Recognizing the mporlance of vegetation and the relationship of a detailed plant
inventory to the overall process of preserving and maintaining a coluural fandseape,
the original 4 Guide to Preparing @ Plant faventory for a Historic Property wis
completed in £993,

The updated Guide provides a methodology for inventorying plants thal was
developed, field-tested and implemented with the assistance of the Arnold
Arboretun of Harvard University. Swep-by-step reconumendations for conducting
4 plant inventory at a historic property are provided. along with guidance on
dciermining the scope of the work, deciding which plants to include in the
inventory, and pathering. organizing, and presenting information. Fuar technigues
of identification aru described that offer increasingly higher Jevels of accuracy.

eee

Coffin, Margaret. and Regina Rellavia. Guide to Developing a Preservation
Maintenance Plan for a Historic Landscape, Cultural Landscape
Pubtication No. 7. Boston: USD, NPS, Otmsied Center for Landscape
Preservation. 1998, 70 pp.

‘This guide was developed in order to provicte practical guidance on the stewardship
of significant historic landscapes, This document offers a framework for the
development of a maintenance operation plan that focuses on preserving the
character of a historic landscape. It serves as a step-by-step procedure to
systematically describe preservation maintenance. The authors developed this guicke
with help from maintenance managers. gardeners. landscape archiiects, and
preservation specialists.

The gutde describes the six sections that should be included in a Preservation
Maintenance Plan: Defining Objectives, Arcas and Categories of Features, Inventory
of Landscape Features. Field Inspection and Summary of Work, Feature Data and
Revord Keeping, and Seasonal Calendar.

‘The authors suggests that Preservition Maintenance Plans should be updated and
amended regularly, to be most effective.

CuttunaL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEM


The esearch indicates thi on the island upland £ japonica is limited by shading.
with growth increasing with i sing light intensiry, Where growth is aot timed,
£ japonica can overheln and kill sovall trees and shrubs and inhibit reproduction,
especially of the following Uees, which are among the overstory dominants on the
upland of the island: Uterus amevicaitat.., Pranes serotina, Bheb.. aud Lirodendron
tulipifera, L.

Light is also the main factor limiting the growth of Heder hetix in the upland
areas. although not as strongly ax Loniceru, On the floodplain, however, growth
and distribution are lintited by the height of the water table. fn both habitats. Heder
suppresses the growth of native herbs and can also kill understory aad smutll trees,

i harsh that would athenvine be occupied by Peftandra verginice. (L.) is
taken over by 4 pyevdacoras, While in the swamp-marsh transition Acorus calamus,
[.. dominates the fris areas, inundation by water is the main factor limiting the
growth of dts,

‘The experimental results show that the introduction, establish
all three exotic species arc resulei

ment. anc spread of
in major changes to the island ecosystem.

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (MD, VA, WV}

Cotter, John L. Archeological Data. “Hurper” Gardens, Harpers Ferry National
Historie Site, Washington, D.C.: USD$. NPS. 1958. 11 pp.
B: 01200
C: 001200

Haapers Fetry National Historical Park, located at the confluence of the Shenandoah
and Potomac Rivers, commemorsalys the sole of the lown and arca during the Civil
War, Because of its strategic tovation. the town changed hands cight times during
the war, und is further famous for Jona Brown's raid that occurred al the site in
1850.

This report is a brief synopsis of observations made by the regional archeologist
after a oncvlay visit to the garden at Harpers House in 1958. i states that the
garden is constructed on (wo termuces, both of which were probably retained by a
wall, Archeological investigation is required to determine if the foundations of the
SUIT exist, Te js stated that the garden paths cannot be

archeological means and, because of the nature of the subscil. there
ity of finding garden plots cither,
keke
Cower, Joba L, Preliminary Archeological fvestigations at Harpers h%
Harper House Garden and Building Number 23, Arsenal Arca, Washington,

D.C: USDI, NPS. 1959. 15 pp.
B: 012213

€: 042213

T: 3850-44

This brief survey reports the results of prelininary archeological tavestigations
taken at Harpers Ferry in 1958-1959. The investigations are made: at three
sites; the garden at the rear of Harper House, the basement of building 23 on the

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Capital REGION

171


significunt: the Greene Plantation Period and the Carnegic Period. Both the
Plantation and Carnegie periods are historically significant and should be included
in any plan for resioration/managenient, This historte period began with Nathanial
Greene's purchase of the site in 1783 and ended with Lucy Carnegie’s death in
1916, It is recommended that priority should be given to those elements which
remain from or were derived Jront landscape components of the Plantation cra,
such as the field boundaries, rectilinear fayout of the garden and garden terracing,
since these represent both periods of ificance. Whereas, delils such as the
pergola, hedges und tennis courts which represent only the Camegie garden should
have a lower priority.

‘he existing conditions of the site are compared wiih the physical character of the
landscape in the historic period to determine its integrity. There has been a great
deterioration of the historic setting since 1916. The mansion has been left vacant
since £923, and if was burnt in 1959, The house is now a cain and many of the
other structures and l[eatures in the landscape such as the recreation house,
greenhouses, pergvla, and paths have been Jefi 10 deterioration through neglect.

‘The integrity of the site is uppriised using the seven National Register Criteria,
which have been adapted to appty ta biotic cultural cesources. The site is divided
into seven areas for this analysis, according to the land use during the historic
period. These a arc: the upper garden, lower garden, the cote, the NPS area,
Leach field, the Dock and vicinity, and the woodland. For each of these, the history
of the area is documented, including the planting. structures and views, They are
illustcated wit plans.

Following the evaluation, the feasibility for restoration is analyzed. lt is concluded
that gaps in the availability of historical data and other factors make conyplete
recovery of the historic Jandscape impossible, For exarnple, dune movenicnt,
pollution and shoreline erosion have all caused changes, some of which are
ineversible. There are also limited maintenance resources, which have resulted in
Susses of historic vegelation and the spread of invasive species, Present maintenance
levels are considered to be too low to maintain labor intensive landscape elements,
such as the hedges or rose garden, The loss of integrity of the stte is considered to.
justify « policy of restorution to facilitate public understanding of the siguificance
of the site and partial restoration of die landscape is recommended as the most
practical soluijon. Priorities For restayation are established and a management plat:
presents recommendations for each of the seven areas. Phe recommendations are
illustrated! on measured Ucawings and plans.

Jimmy Carter National Historic Site (GA)

Whitcomb, 5 jsa. Jinvry Carter National Aissoric Site. Plains High School,
Cultural Landscape Study and Munagement Plan, (Dratt). Atlanta: USDI,
NPS. 1992, 105 pp.

B: 017639

The Jimmy Carter National [listoric Site wus established by Congress in 1987 and
consisis of the current home of Jimmy Carter. well as his boyhood home.
Additionally the Raibvad Depot in Plains. which served as campaign headquarters,

416 CutturaL Lanpscare BieLioGRaPHy: Resources in THE National PARK SySTem


lowest Ri

BuiTalo National River. Baxley Valley. {NPS. c 1980}

16 CurturaL Lanoscape BieuiocrapHy: Resousces in THE National, Park Systeta



This special history study looks at the early landscaping plans for the Nancy Hanks
(incoly Memorial (now part of the Lincoln Bayhoou National Memorial) and the
historic landscaping of the formal meniorial growed he. stucly was undlerteken
by the Midwest Regional [listorian and is based priniarily on extant landscape
plans and historic photographs of the ares

The development of the landscape desizns for the memorial ar
Free: aw Olmsted, Je, prepared the original concept and design in 1927. He
proposed the creation of a formal allee cxtending from the relocuted highway!
plaza area toward the g site. Donald B. Johason developed Olmsted's concept
into a working plan between 1927 and 1938, The second phase of the nemoriat’s
development. betw con [958 and 1944. involved construction of a memorial building
and other landscaping work and was i son L, Now. Modifications
to the original Olmsted concept are nyied.

: Jocumented.

Based on the tesearch. observations an the restoration of the formal landsespe are
le. Recommendations tor the ullee, plaza, flagstati
ven. They include restoration of the structures, ceamoval of overg
and invasive plant material, and replunting of original trees and
seconimenced that the NPS prepare plans for the restoration af th
grounds and produce a pres iim ginde detailing how the grounds should be
imiuintaingdd,

‘The reportis well iustrated with photographs, plans, and draw
include copies of drawings uncovered during the course of the r
not referenced in the Fext.

S appendices
earch which jue

Lincoin Home National Historic Site (IL)

Marvey. Rohe R. and Mary A. Clarke
Plas, Lincain Home National Historic
pr.

B: 010626
C: OHKG26
Ye 4g9/D-21
: PB83-24577/PCALOMEAOI

Historic Grounds Report and Landscape
Site. Omaha; CSD. NPS, 1982. 190

Yhe Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springtield. llinvis contains the home
where Lincoln lived for seventeen years before he became President. The 12.24
acre Site conserves (he home and its immediate neighborhood in its [860 scen
The tancscape of the historic site is considered to have [ite relevance to dhs date
and it is suggested that the restoration of landscape features would be relatively
¢asy and could greatly improve the appearance of the site. Landscape restoration
would also increase opportunities lo enhance the visitors derstanding of the
Lincoin period,

The purpose of thi

pe plan is te document
what is known about the iindscape of the historic zone. 1860. and 10 make
dettiled recommendations for restoration. The research was undertaken by bxo
tandscape architects and involved both documentary rescarch and fick) survey,
The study included a analysis of historic records, anafysis of the condition and

AnnoTaTep BiBLIOGRAPHY

183


areas included in ibis study: Maintenance and Management Concepts. Buildings.
and Structures, Circulation und Access, Vegetation, Site Details and Materials and
Special Site Areas, Recommendations are very conceptual anu additional research:
is suggested to determine and evaluate al] historic landscape features,

Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve (WA)

Gilbert, Cathy A. Reading the Culniual tamdscape, Ebey's Lanedin:
Historical Reserve. Seattle: USDA, NPS. Pacific Northwest Regional Office,
Cultuial Resource Division. 1983. 60 pp.

B: 013728
C: 113728
844-13

Tebey’s Landing National Historical Reserve is located an Whidhey Island in [stand
County in the State of Washington. The 40-mile long Whidbey Island is focaweel at
dhe extreme north end of the islund-sirewn Puget Sound, forming the eastern
boundary of the Siait of Jaun de Fuca, The reserve is located in Central Whidbey
encompassing approximately 13.470 acres of land and D surtace acres of sill
water. The reserve was named after Ehey's Prairie, located in the center of the
reserve. which contains the most productive agricultural lund and has she portion.
of land most sensitive to development. being that area clasest to Auniralty Lalet.

This is the foustl in a series of reporls on the vernacular landscape vf Ebey's
landing National Historical Reserve.

Reading the Cultural Landscape secks to wentity more specifically, the land:
resources On the reserve. It is written primarily for the Trust Board of Eney’s Landing
and suggests guidelines and principles for the conservation and management of
ficant historic und cullural landscape elements. The report is divided inte four
main parts,

Part One discusses the primury settlement putterns and fand uses on ihe resecve as
they evolved over ime. lour primary periods of settlement are recogni: each
with a diminctive form and pattern, They are: The Satish (13041 1850), wi iv
Skagit Indians established three permanent settlements along the shores of Penn
Cove, Early setennt (1850-1870), when cnany white settlers came to central
Whidbey in the mid: 180s, taking advantage of the Dooation Land Chin law,
Claims varied in size and shape and oflen followed mutural iundforms ora neighbors:
elim. Together they formed main clusters of senlement with cieculation rowles
developing between them; Community Development (1370-1910). which saw the
developmen of the town of Coupevilte as a dominant port and commerciil centers
Tousisns and Recreation (1910-1985), centering particularly around Penn Cove.

Part Pwo of the report reviews some of the nitural and cultural resources of the
arec that are influenced and inipucted Ure paticnis of settlernent and tan use and
provides a guide for looking at the kandscupe. The nainzal seatures considered
include Jandfonns, soils, and vegeiution. The built landscape covers land use,
strucnues, ant below seound siruciures.

ANNOTATED BiBLIOGRAPHY 261



Gilbert. Cathy A.. Maureen DeLay Joseph anl Perry Carpenter Wheelock.
Cultural Landscape Report: Lawer Town, Harpers Ferry National
Historical Park, Washington, D.C. USDI, NPS. National Capital Regional
Office, 1993, 300+ pp.

B: 450086
T: 385/D- 100

Lower Town is the historic core af Harpers Ferry, located on the bottom of a large
peninsular ridge, generally nunning ews} to wesl, 11 is defined by the shorelines of
the Shenandoah and Potomac Rivers, and the steep shale hillside and cliffs along
Sherandowh und High Streets

The study points out that, in addition to Lower Town, four areas within Harpers.
Ferry National Historical Pack have a distinct culticad landscape character as well,
Even though the arcus have a strong physical and bist’ relationship ta Lower
Town, the areas are considered outside the scope of this study and documented
and evaluated in various other studies. such as the Armory, Camp fhill, Phe Le
aad Virginnrs Island.

Prior to completion of the CLR, a number of studies hud been completed by the
NPS with respect to Lower Town's historic resources, However, no study hac
directly addressed the potential historic value of the landscape as it contributes lo.
the historic setting and cultural contest of Lower Town. Therefore, the purpose of
this report is to compile and document significant cultural landscape characteristi¢s
in Lower Towa and prepare a site design based on an evuluation of signi
cultura! landscapes leatures and patterns.

Based on the documentation of the historic Jond: wures and pattems, five
primary historic periods were determined. Of these five periods, three were
determined to have the mast impact on the overall developmem and organization
of the lownscape: Farly Settlement (1 750-1845), Community Development 118 15-
$863: and Reconsnuction and expansion ef commerce und transportation (1 865-
1900). Other periads documented include Community Stabilization and ‘Tourism
(1H 1944) und NPS Administration (1944 1993).

The Analysis and Evaluation portion of this study includes an evaluation of averall
significance of cultural landscape features within the context of National Regisier
criteria. This evajuation could be utilized as an amendment to the existing
noinination for Harpers Ferry National Historical Pack. The entire park was:
nominated 16 the National Register in 198M as an historic district. However, only
isolated features of the histori¢ landscape were mentioned, while the cultural
landscape as a whole was nor documented of evaluated.

The study includes u bist of extunt cultural landscape features and divides them
into (heir historic period, A inap synthesizing, these features und their relationships
is presented and used to define the cultural landscape character areas based on the
concentration and type of Jandscupe value found through Lower Town.

‘The development of a design for the culiural landscape of Lower Town included
four steps leading 10 un overall sile plan, Analysis of he landscape and the synthesis
Map helped ty identify nine “cultural Jandscape character areas.” These nine areas
were prouped into Jour “management zones” which serve (© outline appropriate

Annotated BigtiocRapiy

173


Andropogon Assouiates. Lid. and Sotir, Roblun B. Bertseorks Landscape
Management Manuel, Washington, DC: USDL, NPS. 1989. 135 pp.
B: 015076
Ti 999/D-S33

‘The Earthworks Landscape Management Manual was prepared for the Mid-Atlantic
region of the National Park Service by Andropogon Associates, tu. ls primary
aim is to develop management sirategics and interpr 3 10 resolve
contliets between the requirearents for preservation and the i impacts of visitor use

earthworks sites. The study was based on fickl survey and snicat of
rth works at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Batletichds, Petersburg
National Batieficld. Richmond National Rarrteticld and Genysburg National
Military Park, The research involved the use of aerial photography to prepare
topographic maps and identify areas of critical archavologicat importance. and
nterview's with NPS staff at cach site including rangers
Superintendents and niainterance managers. The resulting guidefines are totended
40 be adap for use at at other cauhwork attes uniter different environmental and

ing vegetative cover
types, Vevctation is considered to be the key to eurthwork preservation and
interpretation, For the purposes of the review, the vegetation cover iypes are divided
inlo three major groups: Forest Cover (iovest and cleared woodland),
(rough grass and tur), and Special Condivons (vines, horticultural covi
and gravel), The effects of cach cover type on archacolog
slabilization and interpretation are evaluated. Earthwork sites stay:
native plant communtiies were found to be in the best condition.

The second section of the report takes the form of a management manual. Provedures
for evaluating and monitoring a site with respect to the proposed guidelines we
outhned, Specific vegetatis c cover types for different situations are recommended,
These are intended to be low in cost. easy to maintain and to protect the resource.
Forest and Light Forest Cover types are swuted (0 Closed forest landscapes, where
canopy cover is virtually continuous and woudy plants provide primary stabilization.
Tall Grass and Trt cover ited ie Opwa field landscapes, where herbaceous
plants provide primary stabili n, For both forest and field landscapes, high
manntenance and Jow maintenance alternatives are proposuil, each with appropriate
interpretive strategies to permit visitor use of the camhworks without degradation.

I is suggested that Forest and Tall Gruss, which provide the greatest level of
stabiization and require least mamtenance, should become the mest prevalent cover
types over time, Light Forest should be restricted 10 areas where visibility is
important and is related to appropriaw interpretive fucilihes, Turf. which is already
too extensive, should be substantially ceduced. The existing Rough Grass, Cleared
Woodland, and Vine cover types should be completely phased out. and current
management of these caver types revised. The recommended sivategies are
ihistratect ie diagrams. The report also provides guidance on interim and permanent
SMabilization programs aad manag: nt guidelines for the recommended cover
aypes. The management guidelines include prescribed burning, selective cleari

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

NICAL INFORK

335



Schihgen. Lora ). Muasen Valley, Crater Lake National Pack, A Manuel for
Preservation, Redevelopment, Adaptive Use und Interpretition, Seaude:
USDL, NPS. 1984. (07 pp.

B: 01288!
N: PR8S-220127/AS/PCAQGMFAO |

The Munson Valley Purk Headquarters site in Crater Lake Nativnal Park was
designed and built in the 1930s by the Civilaa Conservation Curps. ‘Today, raost
of the ori

nal rustic siuctires sill semsain and the site comprises a total of 36
buildings that range in scale anu detuiling. The site is considered to be af National
Register stutus because many of the buildings retin ther historic integrity in terens.
of location, setting, cosign, materials, workinanship and feeling. These are. however
many competing pressures at the site, which include a need for an interpretive
center. more employee housing and more visitor lodging, fn addition, the suctures
were originally butlt for summer use only and are inadequute for Meir present u
providing year-round employee housing and facilities in an area that ts covered in
snow for pine months of the year,

This manual presents ideas and detailed designs for the preservation, redevelopment.
adaptive use and interpretution of Munson Valley. It is based on project work
undertaken by students tr the Deparunent of Architecture und the Department of
Landscape Architecture at the Unisersity of Oregon,

The environmental and historical backyround to Munson Vulley is deseribed. This
is followed by an identification of the issues, problems, constraints ancl
opportunities
building issues,

by automobiles, the need Yor new buildings and adaptive use of older buildings.
the need foe nore mterpretation and possibly more visitor accommodation with
the impending closure of Crater Lake Lodge. and insufficient housing and facilities
jor ciuployees.

Guiding principles are set io estublish the overall ainis and objectives for the nedestgat
of the Munson Valley Headquariers, and Concept Plans are developeul for the site,
Three conceptual approaches are presented in this manual, each cxemplitying a
different emphasis for the future role of the valley: Munson Yalicy as the visitor
and imerpretive center for the park: Munson Vulley as a mixed-use sie integraling,
employee and visitor facilities; Munson Valley enhanced as an employees
community. A schematic plan and general discussion of cach concept is presented,
and fulowed by examples of site design proposals.

lutions. More
es Such us improved
for example, changing
the existing rangers dorm inia a restaurant. iuerpretive center, or public lodging
facility, and construction af new buildings for lodging er employee accommodation.

‘The targest chapter of ake manual is devoted to detailed é
than thirty individual designs are presented which address i:
circwlalion and entry sequence, aduplive use of buildings

An additional chapter provides informativn un interpretation and st
themes and methods,

gests suitibly

The report concludes with foflowing sain recommendations:

Annorateo BipiiocRaPHy

West Recio

257



254

the area. Ths historic site was one of the last frontier amy posts to be established
in the Pacific Novthwest. With the demise of the for in the 1890s. the indian Agency
subsequently put the site t© vartous uses, it was abandoned in 1930 and neglected
umii 1960 when the National Park Service assumed jurisdiction of the Fort as part
of the Coulee Dam National Recreation Ai

This preliminary historic landscape study is undertaken by a landscape architect
and looks at 640 acres of the original military reserve focusing on the 70 acres that
supported the structural complex of the fon.

The purpose of the research is to coliate die availible information regarding the
development of the historic landscape al Fort Spokane, and to tdentify and illusivate
historic land use patterns, remnants and components that supports the historic
integrity of the site.

The report is divided into four sections. Part One describes the physiographic seuthng,
sie boundaries. and its existing condition, Pant Two provides a historic overview
of the Fort and identifies four periods as being significant in shaping the historic
character of the site: The Military Pertod (1880-1889), when the primary structural
complex of the fort was built, The Indian Agency Period (1900-1920), when many
of the original structures were adapted and reused as a schoul, hospital and
adden live headquarters for the Colvilic Indians, Abandonment (1930-1960),
a thirty-year period when the complex was abandoned and many buildings lost;
and fi finally the National Park Service Period 1960-1934), when the Nadoual Park
Service assumed jurisdiction for Fort Spokane as part of the Coulee Dam National
Recreation Area, Of these Four periods the two earliest are considered to be of
greatest historic

Part Sluve provides a graphic and written description of the landsvape structure
and its components, which evolved during the two carlicr historic periods. It
considers the spatial structure. circulation, other materials and remnants, The final
section of the report, Part Four. makes general recommendations for prowwcting
and reclaiming the historic landscape of Fort Spokane. The aim being to provide
guidelines to atlow greater Mexidility in interpretation, current uses of the
grounds and future park needs while maintaining the historic integrity of the site.

The recommendations are grouped te address both general and specific site
conditions and include buildings and refated suuctures, circulation, plantings. and
gencral sianagement concepis for Sateguarding the historic landscape as a resource,
These recommendations ave preliminary, and itis stated that implementation would
veguive additional design development and sile planning.

‘The report is well illustrated with historic and contemporary photographs and plans,
and ihe functional patterns from each significant historical period are mapped.
There is also a short bibliography.

BRE EE

CurruraL LANoscarE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park System



SoutHeast Recio!

Zeichoer, Lauren Lubin. Landscape Management Plun for Dungeness,
Cumberland sland National Seashore, Auanta: USDI, NPS. 1988. 87 pp.
(Annotated)

BR: 014582

—_- The Histaric landscape uf Dungeness, Cumberiand sland National
Seashore, Georgia: Maps and Historic Ducumentation. Atianta: USI),
NPS. 987. 126 pp.

T: 640/D-63

Fort Donelson National Battlefield (TN)

MeCrain, Gerald R., and Audrey 1. Grubb. An Analysis of Past and Present
Vegetational Patterns and Historic Parameters at fort Donelson National
Battlefield with Recommendations for Restoration and Putare
Manageniens, Adanta: USD], NPS. 1987, 77 pp.

B: 014046

Fort Frederica National Monument (GA)

Dratton, Susun Power. The Vegetarian tistory of Fort Frederica, Saint Simons
fsland, Georgia. Atlanta: USDI. NPS. 1983. 16 pp.
B: O1SS45
T: 369/1D- 11

Great Smoky Mountains National Park (NC, TN)

laugh. Dianne L. Catuloaghee Historic District: Cultural Landscape Report,
Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Adanta: USD. NPS. 1999, 285

pp.

McClelland, Linda und Nel) Dieterle, Historic Stoncmasonry of Great Smoky
Maunains National Park, GPS Survey, 1993. David W. Lowe and
Kathleen ]. Madigan, eds, Open Vile Report No. 7. (Draft), Atlanta:
USDL NPS. 1994. 74 pp.

B: O17638

Jomison. Kris, Dana Sechn, Tam Remaley. Glenn Yaylor and Susan Ross. A
Vegetation Survey af Critural Management Zones in the Cataloveher Area
of the Great Sanoky Monntuins National Park (including Big Cataloovhec,
Culdwelt Fork and Little Cataloocheej. Gatlinburg: USDI, NPS. 1997.
116+ pp.

Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve (LA)

Holmes. Barbara. The Barataria Unit of Jean LaFitt: National Historical Park:
Historic Resources Stady. Atlanta: USDI, NPS. 1986. 22) pp.
T: 467/19-S7

ComPrevensive BisioGRaPHy 85


Volume 1. an overview of the mission system. and four subsequent yelutnes that
focus on each vf the individual missions. Phase T of the project concenuated vn
Volume 1: General Overview. Volume 2: Mission San José: and Yolume 3: Missi
Coacepeion, Phase I wiltfocus on Volumes and 5, Mission Scet Jaa and Missian
Espada. respectively.

This CLR (Volume 1} is divided into four sections: Many
Historical Context, Fthnogruphic Context, and Bibliography,

ment Summary.

The Management Sunnnary excribes the project background including deseripiions:
of the site. the snuly boundries, the praject scope, the historical backgroud. the
mevindology, aud the adrninisertive contest.

The Tlstorigal Context deseribes the regional environmental perspective, the
archaeological chronology of South Texas. the establishment and decline of (he
Mission Systern, the Mission Acequia Systeni. and provides general summaries of
each individual mission.

The Ethnographic Context provides au introduction. a methodology
of 12 interviews with individuals representing 4 broad sample of the San Antonio
cummunity. Phey range fro humble folk who have spent most. if not all, of their
Jives in the mission communities, 16 people who have waveled widely, and whose
children have routinely studied abroad: from dhe children of migrint farm laborers:
to Whe offspring of prominent parents.

Premtary and sevondary research is conducted by reviewing sources such as historic
maps and phoilographs, written records, and other materials relating to all aspects
of the study area, The cesearch identified overall spatial relutionships, response to
natura) features, cultural trailitions, land use and activities, circulation systems,
vegetation, cluster arraigeiments, viewsheds, archacoloy and
boundary clemurcations. Team members identified elements contribuling « the.
significance ail integrity of the cultural Jandscape and potential threats to these
tesources. This anatysis direeted design guidelines by identifying sensitive areas
and ensuring that new features were companible with the existing infrastructure.

OF those missions within the curent park system, Concepcidn reins the nist
rchifectisal imegrity: is surrosnding tand however has been developed
mnbles that of the eighteenth-century missions.

Mission San hase bus lost much af ils sciting, with urbanization encrouching upon
its fabares, acegsia system, anu ranchlands, Mission San Juan's landscape retains
considerable imtegrity. The setting of the imisston is rural, with fittle adjacent
development and some agricultural usc of private lands. Some of the historic fabores
are stil] used for vegetable production anu animal grazing. A total of 6.71 miles of
the San Juan acegitia swvives, all of it within the boundary of che park, Mission

spada, Which retains one of the mest intel lands 8, 18 suTTOUNded by farmlands
fields. and a sinall resicfential area, The historic dafores continue to be used for
agiiculural purposes, and the Espada dani finuctinns much as it did in Spanish
colonia) times. channeling water from the San Amonio River into the Espada
acegnia.

shay

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 127


Great Basin National Park (NY}

National Pack Service. Lehman Orchard Management Plan, fanuary £990.
Seattle; USDI. NPS. 1990, 120 pp.
R: O15216

The Lehman Orchard is a small stand of fruit trees located just east of the Lehman
Caves visitor center in Great Basin National Park, This vernacular landscape eas
plaved on the NaGanal Register of Historic Places i in 1975 as representative of an

"early agricultural accomplishment, based on itigation in an area more suitable
Sor cattle grazing.” The renmant orchard thal exists today consists of seven apricot
trees and q peach irce. Although now over 1&) years old. the trees continue to
produce fruit.

This plan is concerned with the overal] mana;
LO perpetuate ils hisworic genetic resources. The ceport heging by dacumenting the.
bistary of the site, Absalom S$. Sehman was one of the earliest settlers of Snake
Valley, arciving in aboul 1866. Some 20 years later in 1885, he discovered the cave
system, which would bear his name and began to guide and entertain tourists at the
site. To cancentrale on Uhese acliviies, Lchman moved 10 a small J-acre site just
below the cavern where he developed the “Cave RancheTM. In the mid-L8R0s. he
began planting a fruit orchard on the site with apricots, plums, peaches. apples,
crabupples, und pears. Hc also grazed cattle and constructed an aqueduct. The
subsequent owners and their improvements und development of the land are
docurented. Many alivrations have been made over the y'cars, which have
compromised the site's listorie integcity, For example. the road and parking let
constructed in 1947 to access the visitor center cut through a portion of the original
orchard. The dam of the imation pond bas been removed and parts of the aqueduct
have been obliterated by the coud that [cads to the picnic area. In addition, une
jevislution that created the Nagonal Park did avt provide sufficient water rights for
the National Park Service to Dood inigate the orchard as originally done by Lehman

sement of the orchard and techniques

The jack of documentary evidence and the changes oudined above, make it
bnpractica) to physically reconstruct the historic scene of the “Cave Ranche 2" The
area is considered, however, to offer an opportunity for unaginalive reconstruction
through interpretation, A major significance of the orchard lies in the genetic value
of its rentaining [ruil (recs. They continue lo beur the sume varieties of fruit supplied
to the early seuters of Shake Valley and "preserve a taste of history.” This atone is
considered Fo nvake them worthy ef preservation and perpetuation,

The goals of the management plan are fourfold: to protect and perpetuate the
significant genetic resources; to perpetuate these cufuural resources in an
environmentally sound maracr; to manage the andre xo that it blends aesthetically
with its surroundings: and te interpret to the visiting public the historic character
and genetic significance of the orchard.

The principat management actions wre described in detail. They require planting
and replacement using cuttings from the original stock; orchard maintenance
procedures such as pruning: dewing with wounds and damages, watering, fenilizing
and pest management. Record keeping and orchard management responsibilities.
are also outlined,

278 CucturaL Lanoscape BinuocraPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SySTEM


Gilbert, Cathy A.. Todd Black, Lisa Majdiak and Diane Scena. Four Historie
Landscape Studies, Glynpic National Park. Seattle: USDI, NPS. 1984.
65 pp. (Annotated)
RB; 013004
C: 013008
T: 149/D-38

Melnick. Robert Z., ed. Roose's Prairie Homestead and Kestner-Higtey
Homestead. Eugene: Cniversity of Oregon, Deparment of Landscape
Architecture. 1989. 95 pp. (Armored)

B: GISS86

Wray. Jacilee, Ofympiv National Park, Ethuographic Overview and
Assessment. Seattle: USDI, NPS, 1997. 252 pp.
FT: 149/0-208

Oregon Caves National Monument {OR}

Tolon, Marsha, Cutturtt Landscape Documentation: Oregon Caves National
Monument. Seattle: CSDI. NPS, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, 1992.
54 pp.
B: 017630
T: 150/D-21

Point Reyes National Seashore {CA}

Livingston. D.S. (Dewey). A Gord “Life: Dairy Farming in the Olema Valley. A
dltstary of the Duiry and Beef Ranches of the Olema Vadley and Lagrnitas
Curyon. Seautle: USDE NPS, 1993. 419 pp.

T: 120-57

_——. Ranching on the Point Reves Peninsula: A History of the Dairy and
Beef Ranches Within Point Reyes National Seashore, 1834-1992, San
Hancisco: USD, NPS. Point Reyes Station, 1993. $44 pp. (Anmotared)
B: O16785
“f: 61D-54

Livingston, Douglas (Dewey). Historic Resource Study: Ranches of the Otema
Valley and Lagunitas Creek Area. Golden Gate National Recreation Area,
Pomt Reyes National Seashor:. Seattle: USDI. NPS, 1991. 168 pp.

B: 015540

San Juan Island National Historical Park {WA}

Agee, James K. The Forests of San Juan island National Historical Park.
Seattle: USDI, NPS. 1987, 87 pp.

—— _.. flistaric Landscapes of Sam fucur island National Historical Park.
Seaule: USDE, NPS, Cooperative Park Studies Uni, University of
Washingon, College of Forest Resources, 1994. 46 pp. fAnnotared)
B: G1S610
FT. 438/D-27

78 CurturaL Layescare Bip iograrHy: Resources in THE National Park System


302

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SYSTEM


RTHEAST REGION

206

Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site {MA)

Whachill. Lucinda A. Histeric Grnends Report and Management Plan,
Frederick Law: Olmsted Nationat Historic Site, Boston: USDI. NPS, 1982,
100 pp.

B: O127H)
©: 012730
T. 486/1D-4

Vairsted. Frederick Law Ofmsted’s home and office in Brookline, Massachusetts
was designated i National Historic Site and acquired hy the National Park Service
in 1979. “The 1.76 acre property represeuls an example of the pice
naturalistic styie of landscape design that Oimsted employed. This histori
report and management plan is prepared as ar
document for the site. it provides detailed mlormation conceraing the history,
curcent conditions. anc future management alternatives for the landscape at lai

SK to collect and analyze past and presen ste conditions, de’
ms for maimenance and preservation. and raise issues related to
tong-tenm planning, The research for the report is based on detailed observations
of the current landscape, historical photographs. written documents and plans in
the Olmsted archives, and other archival material.

The main contents of the report are the Introduction, History, Analysis, Problems.
and sohitions, The Introduction outlines the purpose and scope of the research, the
study methods, and discusses the significance of the Jandseape.

The History scution is divided into two sections. Olinsted’s dheories of design are
summarized in the fast section of this chapter, The second section documents the
history of the garden, Five primary historic pertods are identifted: prior to 1883:
Olmsted. Sr, 1883-1903: Olmsted Brothers, 1904-1930s: Tenant pertod. 1936-
1963; andl Olmsted Associates, 1963- 1979.

Jn the Analysis section, the property «was divided into distinct areas based on
historical treatments as documented by maps, landscape plans. sketches. planting
ists. and photographs. The five areas comprised the hollow, front driveway. rock
garden and southeast corner, south lawwrear embankment. and the NPS areas.
The history, design changes, asd current plant materials of cach area are discussed
im detail in this chapter.

The Problems and Solutions section outlines each of the problems vated in the
preceding chapter andl are considlered in greater detail here with alternative
management solutions proposed. The main issues discussed are: overgrown plant
waterial, soil conditions, pests, and disease.

‘The recommendations are divided into three categorie: mmediate preservation!
stabilization needs of the landscape, the annual maintenance schedule, once the
initial work is accomplished, and issues of tong-term management concern.

The appendices contain information on plans related 1 the landscape, plant species
at Faiysted (1981), replacement alternatives for select plants, plants in bloom.
honicultural formation sources, and a panial list of chemical controls. There is
also a selected bibliography

Cutturat LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionat Park SYSTEM


Members of the 190 McMillan Canuission initially conceived the distineL, Jornal
landscape for the ].incolu Memorial grounds, Subsequem plans developed by noted
landscape architects, architeets and engineers hetween 1914-1933, lhe period of
historical significance, further defined the simple geometric spaces that would
extend the mall uxis und bonor Abruhamn Lincoln, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr..
Charles McKim. Heavy Bucur, Jumes Greenleaf, and the LS. Army Corps of
Engineers al) made significant contributions to the design and execution of the
plans Cor the Lincoln Memorial grounds.

Historical research methods for this study included the examination of both
secandary and primary sources. The historic periods discussed ate: Early
Developmen (1791-1914), Development, Planting and Dedication (1914-1922),
Completion of the Lincoln Memorial grounds (1923-1933y. Tourism and ‘Iralfic
(1945-1976); and Response to contemporary issues through new design and
preservation (1970 1996).

The awalysis and evaluation emphusizes identitication of contributing aad non-
coniribuling Jandscape features with Hiberal use of photographs and maps,

Ulimately, even with some of the changes to the landscape over time, inuch oF the
original design for the Lineln Memorial grounds is evident today. The Lincotn |
Memoriat grounds are significant under Nattonal Register Criteria A, 8 and C and
do have integri

The park requested adiilional guidance in making management decisions
concerning significant landscape features, hence this document offers design
enidetines, The guidelines provide 4 framework for future development of treaument
plans for ihe Lincoln Memorial grounds. General recamnicadations ure outlined
for thy: site overall, while specitic recommendations are listed separately for the
Reflecting Pool area, the Lincoln Memorial citele. the radial roads and for the
Watergate area,

This CLR will not only assist park managers, but also guide the Cornmission of
Fine Arts and other preservation groups in their efforts to manage aad preserve the
historic designed landscape of the Lincoln Memorial for the future,

wk

Olszewski, George J. Dupour Cirle. Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.
USDI, NPS, 1967. 73 pp.
1: 000898

S DOORSS

2058 L6/PCA 14/MLAON.

Dapont Circle is one of the seventeen acres purchased under the Act of July 16,
1799 for the formation of the Federal City, Washington. D.C. It is now ane of the
Most important crassroads in the city at the intersection of Massachusetts.
Counceticul, and New Hhumpshirc Avenues, as well as 19th and 20th Sueets going
north co south and P and Q Street from east to west. The landscape has not followed
any one purticular design and has adapted and evolved over the years lo suit
comermporar'y needs and circumstances.

This historical survey documents the legal origin and administrative history of (he
circle and the development nf the landscape. The research, undertaken by a historian,

180 Curturat LanoscaPe Brevloararny: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionAL Park System


TECHNICAL INFORMATION

sis und guidance for the preparation of a CLR. and cant
material that is intended to remain fairly constant over time.

Landscape Lines isa new series of technical information provided by the National
Park Service related t the preparation of a CLR. The intent of the series is ta
provide “lines of commumcation” for specialized information that represents the
“state of the art" in cultural landscape research. documentation, analysis, evaluation,
and treatment,

As such, the information is ransitory and meant to be updated aad expanded as
necessary, Each of the Landscape Lines included in the guide was prepured with
input from individuals with expertise in the respective areas. Collectively, they
represem the initial development of the series. Additional Landscape Lines wilt be
developed as topics are defined and experuse is available.

Rach Lindseupe Line is formatted as a separate, individual document that can be
distributed and copied. The seres ts prescated in a 3-ring binder to provide a central
location for this information, permit the addition of new or updates Landscape
Lines, and ailow for the inclus [ reference material selected by the
user,

The technical inform s presented 18 three formats:

1) General information highlighting the application of exi
vultural lands research (¢.g., pollen analysis),

2) Comprehensive infornauon on subjects fur which limited reference material
curreatly exists, especially as the subjects are applted to cultural landscape

ch (e.g, treulment of biotic resources}.

3) Procedural guidelines for subjects related 10 preparing a CLR (e.g.
conventions, printing, and di

ling technolog:

resea

phic

Appendices provide examples and genera] reference materials related to the
information included in both the “Contents. Process. and Techniques” and
“Landscape Lines” portions of the guile. The appendices are presented i
binder to provide a central location for this material and allow tor s

additions and updates.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 339



been creciled: all others are the property uf NPS. Alt reports are published by NPS.
lunes otherwise noted, Finally. any report that has been annotated and included ia
the Annorated Bibliagraphy has been indivated a the end of cach citation as
(Annotated).

seats “uat
EO Lovet
=} NORTHEAST

son WTBENTAre

eens

sees

RIOWEST

ova,

ALASKA ‘ ae
§ ‘eaprsneny

nat

“etoner INFERMOUNTAIN |

wemsce9

National Park Service Repiuns.

Appendix

Shete is onc appendix io this document, the auihor index, The author index lists atl
cited authors alphabetically, identifying the pages on which that author's citation
can be found,

How to Obtain Documents

Atthe end of cach citation, the unique number assigned to each report in the CRBIB
(B) is listed Gf there is one} along with other sources tron whieh that report is
available. These other sources include; National Park Service's Denver Serviee
Cemee. Technical information Center (T), Chadwyck-Healey microfiche (C); the
National Technical hiformation Service of the Department of Conunerce (NJ. and
the Historic American Buifdings Siovey/Historic American Engineering Record
UH). lndivichuel microfiche or paper copies can be ordered through (N) and ¢1).
Chadwyck-Heatcy does nor sell microfiche individually. only in sets according to
fegion or subject area. Allernate sources from whieh to obtain cepuris are regional
or support offices whose addresses and phone munbers are listed below,

Alaska Regional Office Chadwyek-flealey inc.
2525 Gambell Street, Rm. 107 1f01 King Steer
Anchorage, AK 99513-2892 Alexandria, VA 22314
TEL: 907-257-2453 “TEL: 8D0-52)-0600

FAX: 907-257 2604

xii Cutturar Laxnscapc BibLioGraPHy: RESOURCES IN THE National, Park SySTem



84

Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site {NC}

Hart, Susan, Carl Sandbure Home National Historie Site Cultural Landscape
Report. Attanta: USD, NPS, Southeust Regional Office, Cultural
Resources Planning Divisiun. 1993. 154 pp. fAnmotated)

1; OLF282
"Y: 445/1-16

o Landscape Management Plan tor Carl Sandburg National Historic
Site, Flat Rock, North Carolina. Adanta; USDI, NPS. 1991. 154 pp.
(Annotated)

B; 015544

Charles Pinckney National Historic Site (SC)

: Cultuvat
ol, 1999. 64 pp.

Vincent. Susan Hart, Charles Pinckney
Landscape Report, Adama: USDS,
fAnnotateds
B: O:7707

Christiansted National Historic Site (VI)

Bradley, Robert, Cultural Landscape Report, Christiansted National Historis:
Site, St. Croix, Virgin islands. Alanta: USDI, NPS. 1985, 49 pp.
1B: ON4785

Cowpens National Battlefield (SC}

Tears, Edwin C. Histarie Resource Study, Historie Gronnds and Resource
Study, Cowpens National Burlefield. Atlanta: USDL NPS, 1974, 219 pp.
B. M)2638

: 002638

7: BRUD- S45

Cumberland Island National Seashore (GA)

Ehrenhard. John Kk. Cumberland stand National Seashore: A. ment of
Archeological and Historical Resources. Atlanta: USDI, NPS, 1976. (37
PP.
B: 011087
T: 640/D-12

Froeachauer, Peguy Stanley. The faterpretation and Management of an
Agricninanl Landscape . - Stafford Plantation. Cwmbertand island
National Seashore. GA, CPSU Technical Report No. 39 Adanta: USDI,
NPS, Cooperative Studies Unit, $989. 160 pp. (Annotated)

BiG) 7197
T: AQ/D-9)

CurturaL LANDSCAPE BiBLIGGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National PARK System



National Capita, REGION

types of treatmem for the arcas in Lower Town that have different levels of historic
fandscape significance and integrity,

Theee conceptual design alternatives for Lower Town were prepared and proposed.
A review period included discussion and consideration of elements from ail three
ultematives. A landscape design ptan Jor Lower Town way developed that formed
a synthesis of all three altematives. General design recomuendations are provided,
with design objectives and weatmenr guidelines given for a selection of specific
detail aureus.

aebiey

Inashima, Paul ¥. Asehkeologicul Montoring, Park Maintenance Repair:
Lateral-Sag-Failure Section, Harper Garden Wall. Washington, D.C:
USDI, NPS, 1981, 62 pp.

MO6ID

C: 010616

T: 385/1-39

N: PB&3-250167/PCAQIMEAO

The Tlarper Garden is a reconstruction of a pre-Civil War garden in Harpers Feery
National Historical Park. By 1981, latera] sagging along a sextion of one of the
terraces of the Barden wall had reached a pronounced slate, Ieuding wa Joss of
structural integrity, A decision was made by the park to rebuild the affected wall
section. This study reports on the archeological monitoring which was canied out
in association with ahe repair work,

The repart sununarizes previous historical studies and photographiy evidence,
outlines the archeological monitoring procedures and repair practice caiplayed,
describes ihe existing condition of the wail, presents the structuy'al and steatigraphic
dat reconded during the repair process, and discusses the results of artifact analysis.

‘The evidence resulting from the structural survey work enables tentative conclusions
lo be mide revarding the Construction of the wall. The artifacts. suck as pouery
and bone cemains. provide information on the activities of the household at the
lime the garden was originully in use. Recommendations are made for future
systematic archeological siudies of the area, The report conctudes with a
bibliography of the historical research sources and other ceferences. Twelve
appendices provide detail on the urcheolagicat wrifacts uncovered, including
ceramic tableware shards. kitchen related items, and band wrought naj

eR REE

Joseph. Mareen DeLay, Perry Carpenter Wheelock, and Deborah Warshaw.
Cultural Landscape Report, Virginius istand —Harpers Ferry Nationat
Historical Park, Washington, D.C.: USI, NPS, National Capital Regional
Office, 1293, 150+ pp.

B; 016315
1: 485/D-99

Hiyper’s Ferry National Historical Pack, 3 2.335-acre park. is located at the
confluence of the Shenundoah and Potarac civers on the West Vi WMaryland
line. hy 1859, ik was the site of John Brown's raid on the CLS. Armory. which:

174 Curtural Lanpscape BiptiocraPHy: Resources IN THE National. Park SysTEM


SLYOdayY WHYANAEL)



HEAST REGION

210

George Washington Birthplace National Monument {VA)

Doherty, Jonathan .. Conserving the Setting of George Washington Birthpli
Aa Adjacent Lands Study. Philadelphia: USBI, NPS, Mid-Adantic Regional
Office, Division of Park and Resource Planning. 1987. 3 pp.

B; 045340
T 332/D-19

The George Washington Bisthplace National Monument contains my of the
plantation grounds and histariy sites associated with the family, birth, and bayhoad
of the first U.S. President. The site covers 538 acres und is hounded by Popes
Creek, Bridges Creek and the Potomac River in Virginia.

The purpose of this study is to provide information to park managers, adjacent
Jandowners, local officials. and others on the signilicance of the vernacular
Jundscape setting surrounding the historic site aid to outline alternatives for dealing,
with the issue of adjacent development,

Specitically, the report is intended to; identify the land and water area which make
up the park's setting, assess the selting by determining its bistori¢ significance and
integrity, and outline possible alwrmatives and strategies for conserving the historic
setting. The research information is bused on historical documentary sources and
fichd survey.

‘The first section of the report documents the landscape of Pope and Bridges creeks
during the time of George Washington's residence in the (730s and 1740s. Atthough
no paintings. drawings. maps, or detatted written descriptions are knows & exist
of the area at this time, other primary sources such as journals, leiters, and the:
histories of Virginia plantacion Operations enable a description of the major pacers
and features of the landscape to be pieced together, [nformation is given on the
ecological context, setileanent history, and eighteenth century landscape patterns
by the categories of spatial organization, land use, circulation routes, cluster
qurangements and structure design. {1 is concluded that in the ¢730s, the area in
and around Augustine Washington's plantation was 2 landscape of ecological
diversity and tobaveo plantation agriculture.

‘The information gathered on the historic landscape of Washington’s youth enables
tbe current landscape to be assessed for is historic value. Nelailed field rch
was undertaken fo determine the hotmdaries of the birthptace setting. Bor the
purposes of this study, viewpoinss were selected from which the setting was defined.
They included seven interpretative markers, the visitor center deck, picnic: area,
memorial house, Washinglon monument, and points trom the park"s “Beach Road”
and Route 204, The views are documented in three ways: through a series of
photographs fonming a panoramic sweep of the view, with maps developed front
$-800) seule acrial photographs of the area, and by describing on a data shect the
precise location of the viewpoint, bearings on the teft and right view borders,
visibility information, and othcr Jeatures. From this research, a composite map
was produced determining the geographic area uhat makes up the visible setting of
the birthplace site,

The setting was chen divided into five distinet view areas; Route 204, the Potomac
River, Bridges Crock. Beach Road farmland, and Popes Creck, Within each area.

Cucturat LaNDScAPE BiBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTiowaL Park SySTEW:



‘The research is based on a teview of National Park Service planning reports.
administ materials and historic documents in the park and regional office
files. In addition, historical research as conducted at the NorthWest Collection,
University of Washington, the Department of Natural Resources in Olympia.
Washinglon, as wel) as pre and national archives. Fietdwork is undertaken
at both sites to document existing conditions, Data from previous urchacologica
investigations catricd Gut at the site was also incorporated inte the repon.

The snudy is divided into four main sections: Introducvon, Anverican Camp, Britsh
Camp, Appendices and Bibliography.

The introduction defines the purpose unl scope of the swdy and the geo:
and physiagraphic setting uf the site and the boundaries,

phic

Sections twa and three, for the American and British Camps, each fotlow the same
format. Results of the research are preseoted, with information provided on current
conditions, historical overview and an archaeological summary, Historic base. maps
are produced for each site. An evaluation follows with ao evaluation summary,
analysis of landscape components. and design recommendarions. The final section
comprises the design ahernatives, Three alternatives :ve presented for each site,

‘The design altematives for the American Camp are: No action which proposes that
operation and management of the site remains as it is, interpretation will remain
wichanged. aud no new situctures wil] be added to the sile: Commemorative
involving limited new strectoral development 1 enhance imerpretation and
wlentificatian of si sand Enhancement of the “imerpretive
“ronment” and historic scene trough re-establishment and delineation of historic
building sites, historic land use patterns, circulution eTOS, VEZEUION patlerns
and large-scale relationships among adjacent historie sites,

Vor the British Camp the design alternatives
enhancement of the historic scene by ce-cst
and patterns, with the Crook House adaptively re-used as av
Identification and enhancement of several historic features with the Crook House
removed trom the historic site.

re: No action, identification and
nit historic features:

Part four of the report contains the appendi
includes research papers oa the management of gray
Island, «1 pilot planting project at the Ann
historic formal garden at the Linglish Camp,

nd bibliography, The appendices
land vegetanon on San Juan
san Camp, and! reconstruction of the

Sequoija and Kings Canyon Nationa! Parks (CA)

Giaraberdine, Richard, and Ferry Goottrich. Read Character Guidelines:
Scquwia & Kings Canyon National Pat Denver: USDI, NPS, Denver
Service Center, 1990, 66 pp.

B: 015205
T: 1023/1. 143

‘The purpose of vhis guideline 1s iv establish a design siyle und theme for road-
related details i» Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, based on the principles
of rustic design. Many of the exasting roads to the park ave decerivrating and will

Awsnotateo Bisitosrarny

Paciric West Recion

297


HHH
td
ul

pS

Nez Perce National Historical Park. View: looking west of Spalding town. (NPS. ¢. 19/0)

Spatding, Idabo is one of the 38 sites that comprise Nez Perce Nativnal Historical
Park. Te is located on the delta at the northern end of the Lapwai valley where the
s the Clearwater River, The site covers 160 acres of and with 60
actes in sceaic casement and 100 acres in fee tithe ownership. This study focuses
‘on the National Park Service owned land,

Spalding has been klentified in previous studies as having historical significance
Ss a missionary site benween 1838 and 1847 and later for its association with the
Indian Agency between 1860 and 1902. However, the site portrays evidence of
human use and occupation over a much longer time period, such that one of the
ahs of this straly is fo explore Ihe peential significance of other historic pertexts.
‘The overall purpose of the research is to document and evaluate historic feauues
and patterns of the vermacular landscape und clevelop management guidebnes and
design concepts for the preservaGn and enhancement of significant landscape
Fesourecs.

The suudy involves historical research of relevant maps. early acrial photography,
historic photographs, archaeological reports, newspapers. written narrative and
manuscripts, and Field survey to document the existing conditions and use of the

‘The historical research revcals five significant periods of landscupe development
at Spalding: Nez Perce Prehistory and History, where there is evidence of use by
hunting andl fishing cultures 10-1] 0G) years age and the site was permanently
sented by the Nez Perce from 500 BC; the Mission Era (1836-1847), when a mi
wis established al the sie by Henry and Eliza Spalding: the Indian Agency 1
which is divided into two distinct perinds, ‘The first ten years between 1860 and

AnnotaTeD BrsiiagrapHy

287



TIONAL CAPITAL REGION

188 CuLTURAL LANDSCAPE BisLioGRaPHY: Resources in THE National Parx SysTeta


integrity incinde: the Monocacy River, the river's bluffs. the Bush Creck, and the
Bush Creck vatley. A variety of management policies and preservation treatments
could reestablish or enhance integrity where it has been lost or diminished.

Nationa! Capital Parks—Central (DC}

Prothero, Sally M.. and Audrey Tepper. Shomas Jefferson Memorial, Landwape
Overview, Denver: USDI, NPS, Denver Service Center, 1996. 148 pp.
B: 01704
T: 808/D-13

As one of the mos nokible monuments on the Mall, this landscape overview focuses
‘on the landscape surrown the Jefferson Memorial and the iansition areas
between the buitding and the landscape. such as the sidewalks,
‘The boundaries for the study include the wea between the Inet and Outlet Bridlee,
Eas Basin Drive and the Tidal Basin Adjacent are: haus parts of West and
East Polomat Park, are addressed when they directly affect the project area, and
when dealing with the issues of views. access and historical development.

The study includes a detaited site history divided into three pericais: Site prior w
memunal construction (1790-1900); Sie planning, design and construction (1935 -
1943); and Post construction/tedication to present day (193-1985). Fhe anal
and evaluation includes a discussion of landscape features, Options for
yeconstuclton/festoration are explored. including cliscussign of phiza, planting,
area ouiside the circular road, the wider landscape. and general considerations.
Historic and modern site maps and details are included,

Considerations include a change of levels. drainage design, choice and colors of
intetrauce reavireanents for the area. OF particular concer is

pattern of the modern f
and the spint in which the busking was conceived.

etme

Wheelock, Peny Carpenter, Maureen Delay Joseph. etal. Crftural Landscape
Repon, West Potemac Park, Lincoln Memorial Geounds, Nanional Capital
Perks Centra. Washington, D.C.: USD. NPS. 1999. 224 pp.

Tius CLR is part of on-going preservation efforts for the Lincoly Memorial.
Documentation asd evaluation af the Lincoln Memorial grounds were accelerated
when modificalions to historic site features w comply with ac bility standards
were presented to the Advisory Council for Historic Preservation in 1994,

O iy. the iment was lo focus only on the grounds immediately surrounding
the Lincoln Memortal, but because the Lincoln Memoriat foundation plantings are
pact of a lurger designed landscape within West Potomac Park that includes the
Reflecting Pool, Rainbow Poo!, radia) roads and Watergate area, the bount!n
were extended to include these areas,

ANNoTATEO BisuiocRAPHY

National Capra: Recion

479



Sitka National Historical Park (AK)

Smith-Middletan, Holly, and Acnold R. Alanen. fmpressions of Luliat River: A
Landscape History of Sitke: National Historical Park. Anchorage: USDI,
NPS, Alaska Systent Support Office. 199%. 32 pp.

Most of the extensive NPS Jinds in Alaska protect natural und wilderness areas
thal have national and internalional significance. Though tess well kagwn, seveeil
of Alaska's sites also include important cultural resources and landsvapes. but none
awe as tich as the avea that is included within the boundaries of Sit
Historical Park. (Haipressivny of Indian River: jr. 2)

Sitka National (listorical Park is comprised of Lwo units: the Russian Bishop's
House unit within the city of Sitka, and the Fort Site unit, located approximately
one nile southeast of the town, The For Sie Unit, the subject of this landscape
history, contains approxisnaiely S7 acres at the mouth of lhe Indian River, Prepared
as part of a lurger endeavor to document the park's cultural resoxieces, this stedy
awerviews the cultural history of the area as an important ocale for the Tlingit, the
native people of the region, Russian (ur bunters andl colonists, and uwhimately
American settlers.

The report is intended w supply baseline hiswurical wid cultural information to
assist in developing management guidelines for the park. Hence the research
objectives intend ta: deeument Tlingit accounts of the haytle of 1804 and native
use of tie Jandseape prior to 1804; delerming the character and use of the park
during the period of Russian occupation ¢ | 804-2867); determine what was aecurring
ut the site during the fatter past of the J9* century and very erly 20° century
(1867-1904); determine the Jandseape setting anil context for the site when the

SKA REGION

Annoratep BIBLIOGRAPHY

105


NortHeast Recic

Fairweather. Dr. Stephen E. and Cicile M. Cavanaugh. fdentification,
Restoration, and Moinenance ef Histarie Woudtots at Gettysburg National
Military Park, Nip. USDE NPS. 1990.

T: 305/D-38

Jobn Milner Associates. Inc, in association with Menke & Menke.
Landscape Suedy of the dames J. Willy Faron, Gettysburg, Pei
Westchester, PA: USDL NPS. 1988. 80 pp. (Aunotated)
B: OL4O8O

A Cudzarett
Aunia.

Moore. Stephen R. The Biology of an 1860 Faret with Special Reference te the
Restoration of the Slyder Farur in Gettysburg, PA Gettysburg, PA: USDI.
NPS. 1973, 64 pp.

B: O16596

Tilberg, Frederick. Study of the Location and Tepe of Vences. Woadtund and
Orchends at the Aree of Cemetery Ridge. Gettysburg. PA: USDI. NPS,
Gettysburg National Military Park, L944. 47 pp. (Annouited)

B: WO17RO
C: WONTSO

_ ___. Proposed Restoration of the Spangler’s Spring-Culp’s Hill Area and
the Re-location of Avenues In the Arca of the Spring, Geilysburg, PA
USDI, NPS, Genysburg National Military Park, 1940. 36 pp.

B: 010822
©: 10822

Hampton National Historic Site {MD}

Brown, C. Allan Aanpron National Historic Site: Landscape History and
Contextual Dacumentation, (Drafy. Philadelphia: USDL NPS.
Philadelphia Support Otice, 1998. 50 pp.

ng, Shaun and Michael Tull. Hampton National Historee Site, Cultural
Fandscape Report (Bratt), Philedelphia: USDL NPS, Philadelphia Support
Oftice. 1999, 125 pp.

Ford, Benjamin P. Hampton Farm Property; Landscape History and Contextrat
Docitmentation. (Draft). Philadeipbia: USD1, NPS, Philadelphia Sapport
Office. 1999, 177 pp.

Snell, Charles W. HHestoric Structure Report-Histarical Date Section, Hampion
Mansion and Garden. £783-/909, Hampton National Histerse Site,
Towson, Marviend, Denver: USDI. NPS, Denver Scrvicc Center. 1980.
289 pp. dAmnotated}

B: OF2189
C ON2NB9
T: 390/10-1650

— — — The Ladies' Domain: The Itamptm Garten and its Gardeners, 1784-
1909, Hampton National Historic Sue, Marvtand. Denver: USDI, NPS,
Denver Service Center, 1977. 63 pp.

B: G12184

62 Curturst Lanoscare BisLioGRaPHy: RESOURCES IN THE National Park SySTEM



by the NPS in 1965, anc? is managed as part of Ue Miatie Man Nationat Historical
Park

This Histone Grounds Report is the third in a series of background studies
undertaken to gnide the restoration of the property. The previous two covered
historical data and architectural data providing information fos the historic suuctures
report, These latter studies are considered to provide sufficient background
jnformation on the Revohiionary and pre-Revolutionary history ef the site. ‘This
repon, therefore. begins wath the purchase of the house by Alcott ht 1845 and
documents the history ef the bouse and its oecupants through to the present day.

Three significant periods in the history of the house are recognized: Amos and
Louisa May Alcott (1845-1843); Hawthorne (1852-1868); and the Lothrop Period
(1883-1923 3) ). dn the first three chapters of tie report, the use of the house and
garctens during each of these persals is described. with
also included. Chapter Four, however, is the most important regarding the restoration
of the gardens, It documents the history of the nd provides
sumunaries of the work undertaken in the garden and changes in the landscape
during each of the main periods. The chapter conchides with reconimendations for
restoration of the grounds. The gardens varied considerably during the different
occupaneses Of the house und very lite of the historic planung remains. I is
suggested that the gardens be restored to depict the “How of history” with the
restoration highlighting specific characteristics OF the grounds important to the
families [rom cach period. Specific recommendations for [he yestoration and
reconstruction of the individual componcnts and Features of the Janiscape are made.

The sesearch is bused on archival reseatch and inchides the journals, ictlers and
memoirs of the various people who lived in. or knes the house. as well as secondary
sources of information

Grounds maps for cach of the main historical perivds are included in the appeniives.
as ure numevous illustrations including historical sketches and photographs.

Ake RE

‘Torres-Reyes, Ricardo, Farming and Lad Uses, General Study, Mimae Afan
Nationa! Historical Park. Boston; USD. NPS, 1964, 71 pp.
B: OH)S42
C: 000542
T: 406/19-57
KR. 1990359/PCAQS/MFAOL

The area between Lexington and Concord. Massachuseits, a stretch of about seven
wiles, was the main setting for events in 1775 which marked the beginning of the
military phase of the American Revolution. The site is commemorated today by
Minute Man Nationa] Historical Park,

This feport. undenaken by the History Division, contiins extensive information
on agriculture and land uses in the area at the une of the Americun Revolution. ft
includes information on land resourges, methods and techniques of farming, grain
crops. other farm products. crop iNsccls and diseases, tools snd equipmen, [yvestock,
gracing pastures, livestock diseases. and the fife of the colonial farmer.

Annotateo Bistiocrarny

229



Simon, Brona G., and Patricia E. Rubertone, Historic Grounds Report.
Lindenwaid, Martin Van Bureau National Histaric Site, Kinderhook, New
York, Vol. fl, Archeological Data Section. Bostun: SD1, NPS. North
Atlantic Regional Office. Division of Cultural Resources. 1982, [52 pp.
(Annotated)

B: 010638
C: G10633
1: 460/-5
N: PBR3-242032/PCA08/MFAO]

Stokinger, William A. Historie Grounds Report-Volume £, Documentary
Section, Lindemvaid. Martin Yan Buren National Hisroric Site, Boston:
USDI. NPS, North Atlantic Regional Office, Division of Cultural
Resources. [98]. 126 pp. (Annotated)

B: O1b637
C: OL0637
T: 400/10-5

Uschoki, Davill L. Cudtsral Landscape Report for Martin Va Buren National
Historie Site, Volume 2; Treatnent Plan, Boston: USDI, NPS, Olnusted
Center for Landscape Preservation. 1997. 5] pp.

B: 017645

Uschold. David L.. aud Georte W. Corry, Crftecra? Landscape Report for
Martin Van Buren National Historic Site. Volume i: Site History, Existing
Conditions and Analysis. Culuyat Landscape Publication No, 5. Boston:
USD]. NPS, Olmsted) Comer for Landscape Preservation & College ot)
Environmental Science and Vorestry, State University of New York at
Syracuse. 1995. 207+ pp. ‘Annotated
B: 013600
T: 460/D-2

Minute Man National! Historical Park (MA)

Boston National Historic Sites Commission, The Lexington-Concord Battle
Road. interint Report of the Boston National Historic Sites Conmissian ta
the Congress of the United States. Boston: USDL NPS. 1958. 213 pp.
fAnnotated)

B: 000544
¢: ponsa4

Coffin, Margaret, and Charles Pepper. Apple Orchard Inventory and
Manaxentenr Plan, Boston: USD, NYS, Olmsied Center for Landscape
Preservation, (Draft). 1995, 30 pp.

Donahue, Brian, and UMeidi Hohmann. Caltural Landscape Report for
Meriam's Corner, Minute Man National Historical Park, Bostow: USDI,
NPS, North Allantic Region, Cultural Landscape Program. (994. 86 pp.

vans, Catherine, and Charles Pepper. Grosion Controt and Shade Tree
Maintenance for the Trail 10 North Bridge, Boston; USDI. NPS, Olmsied
Cemter for Landscape Preservation. 1994. 82 pp.

58 Cutrurat LanoscaPe BiBLioGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE National Park SYSTEM


This report discusses existing conditions of the sitc’s vegetation, built features,
and views and vista, Conditions of the built features are classified inte one of three
vategories: good, fair, and poor, Through narrative descriptions, and (he use of
past and current photographs and sketches, comparisens wwe then made of the
‘Ofiginul and present day conditions of the parks features (vegetation, built structures,
the watercourse and water features. circulation, und views a& vistas), It was found.
that allhough the landscape of Dunrbarton Oaks Park bas been maintained since
1972, conditions of the existing features ilustrate the changes inherent in
anconirajled natunt systems. Many of the built features can still be found in the
pk but are in poor condition. The view and vistas throughout the pack have changed
due to unmanaged plant grénvth, and although the historic park has changed visually.
the Jandscape semains a vital pact of the Georgetown community.

‘Three features (vegetation, built Futures, and views and vistas) are analyzed through
field documentation, histori¢ and current photoyraphs and maps that iJkustrate he:
pre-]arrand cru. the Farrand cra and the existing conditions. Documentation of the
Park reveals a high degree of integrity from the Bliss-Farmand period. The landscape
conliuues te reveal features ibat were clesigned reer than naturally cecurving astd
vontites to retain an interna! unity allowing it to cantinve its existence as an
independent design.

The integrity of the designed landscape has been compromised through tte change
in management and maintemunce policies thut have allowed the landscape t take
a natural evolution, Views ate theeatcned by invasive and volunteer vegetation and
the built features, especially those associated with the watercourse. are Ihrealened
by storm water muioff There are few features that have been Jose entirely and
imauy are repaisable with proper design guidance.

A vegetation management and phasing svat provides general guidelines for
the management of live ting types found in the Pack; the stream bunk and
wetland plantings, eround cover and bulb arcus, meadows with no Tees and meadow
parkland, shrub masses, and tree and woodland parkland. The built features
managenient and phasing strutegy is presented in three pha:
term and long-term planoing. These are outlined in chart form with recommended
achons for cach feature, accompanied by a diagrammatiz snap of feature lozations
and priority seve),

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

187


cipic West Recon

In the case of the Kestner-Higley Homesteud, imdividual design proposals are
presented by cleven students. Fach mvolved an evaluation of the site to deter
whether it should be listed on the National Register. The desiga proposals illu:
arange of treatment options and include a complete restoration to a 1890s working
homestead, panial restoration of some landscape components such as the fences
and replanting of the original orchard. rehabilitation as a center for writers and
tists, and prescrvation of the existing structures and maintenance of the “Wwansition’
stale of landscape change. Each proposai contains a design concep! and management
recommendations which address, among other needs, visitor use and interpretation
af the sitc. The proposals are iJlusirated with detailed plans and sketches,

Point Reyes National Seashore (CA)

Livingston, Douglas (Dewey). Historic Resanree Study; Ranches of the Ofeuta
Valter and Lagunitas Creek Area, Gatden Gate National Recreation Ava,
Point Reye: ional Seashore. Seattle: USI. NPS. 1991. 168 pp.

B O1SSa

Golden Gate National Recreation Area, established on October 27, 1972, covers
approximately 22,000 acres in San iranciseo, San Mateo ant Marin counties.
California, The portion of the park north of Bolinas Lagoon is managed by Pont
Reyes National Seashore. The ranches in this portion that consist of the Olema
Vailey and the Lagunitas Loop. ave the subject of this study.

The Olea Valley is actually gornposed of Gvo watersheds; the eight-mile long
Olema Crock watershed draining nonhwesterly from the Randall Ranch to Tomales
Bay. and the six-mile long Pine Gulch Creek watershed draining southeasterly
from Hivebrooks to Bolinas Lagoon. Usually considered as one valley. it is unique.
in that, due to the underlying San Andreas Fault, the valle ly a stauight
line for twelve miles, continuing the similar line of (he narrow Tomales Bay to the
north. For wo miles near the center of the valley, the Wo creeks mun side-by-side:
in opposite directions,

The Olema Valley contains Iwo

covical houses at Hivcbrooks. and six historic
ranches that are sill in use, Additionally, the Randall and Hagmaier ranches arc
cither unused or in usc as park housing, Furtherinore, there are at least four historic
ranch sites and a number of dwelling, mining and other historic sites in the valley,
Most of these ranches, and a number of the sites, appear t¢ have local significance
in agriculture, industry and architecture. Addittonal resources, such as the copper
mines, and ‘Tocalomit Bridge. have significance as well.

The study focuses on opcraung ranches, most of which exist under reservations of
use und occupancy. The study's purpose is to document, evaiuite, and further
understand the area's resources that are affected by park proposals.

The document consists of seven parts: Administrauve Section; Land Grants and
Early History of the Olema Valley Area: Synopsis, Settlerent in Olema Vall
Lagunitas Loop; Olema Valley Rasches, Individual Histories, Lagunitas
Ranches: Summary and Recommendalions, and Bibliography. Maps. plans and
photographs support the report.

kee

292 Curturat Lanoscare BipliacrarHy: Resources in THE NATIONAL PARK SysTeta


pa

Martin Lather King, Jr, National Historic Site. Fypical residential streetscape in the Birth-Home Bloc!

1994)

318

significunee for the sile ranges from King’s bicth in 1929 to the year when bis
family moved from the hone in 1941. The evolution of the site is documented and
compured 10 an inventory of exiting conditions 10 determine changes that have
occured since 194],

Topics investigated in this report include the patlern and use of the residential
environment, und the racial and socigeconomie influences ot the developirient of
the neighborhood. Inve: jon of the history and devefopment of Adanta during
the mid-late 1800s. highlighted by the influences of Henry Grady and Booker T.
Washington, precedes the history and development of the Birh-Home Blo¢k. Oral
histories and period raps lend a general deseription of the residential yards during
the period of significance with the style being classified as “New South
Landscaping,” with a common vernacular clement being the front porch.

The variety of landscaping in the Birth-Home Block reveals the distinet mix of
African-American economic and social classes present during the period of
signilicance.

Residences with and without oral histories wre docenuented with both histeric and
existing conditions given for properties on the block, ineluding Ute Birth-Home of
Martin Luther King Jr. other structures owned by the National Pack Service, and
those residences in private ownership. Streetscape recommendations, as well as
individual yard recommendations. are made based on the detinition and standards
established in the draft Guidelines for che Trearment of Historie Landscapes, The
overall preservation stralegy recommended ts rehabilitation, the primary goal of
which is to retain and preserve portions of the property siguificant to its historical
or culturul vuluc. Individual plans accompany ihe text for individital residences,

This study concludes that the Martin Luther King, Je. National Historic Site is a
unique resource for its association with a greur figure in Ametican Civil Rights
history, as well as ils inandate to interpret the place where Martin Luther King, Ir.
was born, grew up and spent a great deal of his professional life. Creative
partnerships must be formed between the park. the city, the state and private

Cultural LanoscaPe BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park System


NOISaY VISVIYW



Research methodology for the res includes six phases, The first (bree phi
consisted of Site visit, including a review of material available for the project
a seconnaissance of the site: Site reconnaissance for the existing conditions report,
documentation photography, and annotation of the buse map, and re
Wentified in phase 1. historical research of Tlerben Hoover Presidential Library
archival materials, photovopying of relevant material and review of alll ideatified
sources. Phases four through six included: Additional research of primary and
secondary sources, personal interviews. development of ‘

fie! work. refinement and revision of the cxisting condiuons
development of the mecorporauan of government review comments for ail previous
work, evaluation of significance, integrity ter-elining teatu

weatment recommendations.

Based on the findings of this report. the landscape is significant for its assoviation
with the boyhood of Herbert Hoover and the nation’s major rescarch,
commemorative. and memorial effort sociated with the thirty-first presislent,
Therefore, the perieul of significance determined for the site extends from Hoover's
bisth in 1874 through (he completion of a Hoover gravesite Memorial Landscape 19
1966,

Treaument recommendations are (0 retain and rehabilitate the essential character-
defining features from the period of sig
to re-create any one historic period. Photographs and site plans accom:
mauling discussion and evaluation and anuly

cance (1874-1966) und avoid attempts
the

Hot Springs National Park {AR}

Walling, Larry. Jill Cowley, Carey Feterabend, Gary Johnson, and Diane
Rhoiles. Landscape Management Plan, Bathhouse Row, Hoe Sprotgs
National Park, Omaha: USD. NPS. 1989. 140 pp.

B; O1S541
T: 128/D-87

Hot Springs National Park is located in the Ouachita Mountains of cent
‘The 47 hol springs within the park occur result of complex natural geological
processes, ‘The waters have been used for bathing and medicinal purposes
throughout history. However the site was most fully developed as a spa resort in
the late nineteenth century, The study area includes the entire Bathhouse Row
Historic District, which contains the orginal Bathhouses and is a National Historic
Landmark. The study so inchudes the surrounding open lawns and woods.

Planning documents for Hot Springs National Park identify the peed fora land
Management plan to guide future design and management of the landscape.
especially in connection with the adaptive use leasing program. This plan was
ndertaken by a team which included a landscape architect, historical architect

and archacologiat. It identiftes specific goals and objectives for the historic designed
landscupe and develop design guidelines for planting. renovation and maintenant

ANNOTATED BiBLiogRaPHY

Miowest Rei

147



The physical history of the locumented and discussed for three main periods:
the Barly Period (1730-1773): the Historic Period (774-1800); ancl the Late Perioc!
(1801-1959) At the Gime of the American Revolution there wus no planned
landscaping or system of format lands as begun in 1784
ander the direction of Samucl v. ‘aughan, A wide cenwal w gravel was laid
down leading from the tower door of the State House to the Walnut Street gate. and
serpentine walks were constrncted around the perimeter of the square, the focations
of which haye been determined by archeological jnve: ion, a\ brick pavement
was also laid in front of the State House, [In 1785 one hundred cls were donated
and planicd in the yard. These were supplemented by addinonal wee und shrab
plantings, which included botlics. willows and cedars. among others. ‘Fhis
information was gathered from primary sources which inclnded work vouchers,
prints and sketches, diaries, purchase orders, and journats. Detail is atso
the construction of new buildings and other structures such as lamps.

The landscape of the square continued to be improved and changed during the
nincteenth century by the addnion of new trees. gates, benches and improvements
to the walls and lawns, A major alteraton was undertaken in 1811-1812 whea the
high brick walls surrounding the yard were removed and replaced by iron pal
Historic base plans arc produced for ihe various histori: periods, The historic plans,
iustratons, and photographs referenced sn this section ure reproduced.

Phe short Jendscape data section summarizes the main landscape work undertaken
in the historic period. The architectural data sechon documents the existing,
stractures and historic structures, Finally, recommendations for the restoration and
ton of The square are made. It is recommended that the present low wall
be removed and a seven foot high wail be revos s illusuated in
historic prints. Since there were few landscape features of definite character in the
u be restored to the plan followed by
. involving the removal of all caisting features including Fountains,
SEAS, and plantings and regracing levels to the elevations of the histatic period.

See ee

Powell. Benjamin B. Histarte Gronnds Report Part t. Chapter S. the State
House Yard. Philacelphia: USDI, NPS. 1961. 120 pp
B: 002172
C1 2172

The archeological data section of the Historic Grounds Report for the State House
Yard in indepenctence National Historical Park alained in this report. Prepared
by an archeologist, il documents the results of extensive investigations carried atl
between 1953 anul 1958.

The archeological program was undenaken tn Independence Square to full three
primary fusctions: to Fine and des
to find the remains of the American Phitosophical Society aswonomical observatory,
built tn $768; and to discover and record other historic features ar evidence
remaining bencath the soil.

The methodology employed in the investigations is described. ‘Test trenches
varied in width from three to five feet, were excavated, The archeological findings

Annotate BraiiosrarHy

219


L_ INFORMATION

Petersburg National Buitlefield. Adjacent t current Percrsburg National Batletickl, this 1864 photograph of telerat
earthworks near Puint of Rocks, Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, shows the exlensive Irce clearing which often
accompanicd harge scale eaethyorks consimction, (NPS. 1564)

334 CuctupaL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NatioNac Park System


THE:

REGION

Historical Park and Preserve, Chalmette Unit. French Colonial map showing the plantation
properties below New Orleans, (Wilsor, 2; original ta the Newberry Library, Chicago. ¢. £723)

Risk, J. Kevin. Chutmene Bantefield and Chalmerte National Cemetery:
Cultural Landscape Report, Jean Lafitte National Historical Park, St.
Bernard Parish, Lauisiona, Atlanta: USDA, NPS, 1999. 92 pp.

Swanson, Betsy, Historic Land Use Surdy of a Portion of the Barataria Unit of
the Jean Lafite National Historical Park, Adanta: USD]. NPS, 1988. 343

PP.
B: 01559)
T: 467/D-85

Jimmy Carter National Historic Site (GA)

Pate, Matthew. A Development Plan for the tinuny Carter Bayhoad Home,
Jimmy Carter National tistoric Sue, Plains. Georgia. Masters Thesis.
University of Georgia. Adanta; USDI, NPS. 1993, 78 pp

Whitcomb, Lisa. Jimuny Carter National Historic Site, Plains High School,
Cultural Landscape Study and Managemen Plon. (Draét), Atlanta: USD.
NPS. 1992. J05 pp. (Annotated)

B: 017639

Kings Mountain National Military Park {SC}

Vincent, Susan Hatt. Kings Mirertaten National Mifitury Park; Cuttural
Landscupe Report. Kings Mowitain, South Careline. Atlanta: USDL NPS.
1999, 63 pp.

86 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PARK SySTEM


INTERMQUN

ain REGION

Capital Reef National Park. Acriul View of Fruita Rucab Uistucie: District. (WPS, £950)

8 Cutturat Lanpscére BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESGURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEM


Nationat Capita, Recon

Fuetuaiion. {DrafQ. Deaver: USDI. NPS, Denver Service Center, 1995,
450+ pp. fAnuorsed)
B: 014860

—_. President's Park Cutmral Landscape Report: Appeedices. Denver’
USDI. NPS. Denser Sesvice Center. J995. 60+ pp.

National Park The White House ard Presittent’s Park ~
Comprehensive Desien Plan and Draft Envirotmenial linpact Statement,
(Draft). Washinglon, D.C.: USDI, NPS, National Capital Planning
Commission, 1997, 403 pp. CAluetated?

T: 868/98-55

Olmsted Brothers, Report te President of United States on Improvements and
Policy of Maimenance for the Executive Mansion, Brookline: Olmsted
Brothers. ]andscape Architects. 1955. 81+ pp
B: 001392
C: OONO2

Olscowskt, George J. President's Park South, Washington, D.C. Washington,
D.C: USDI. NPS, Navonal Capital Regional Office. 1970. 130 pp.
B: OWS?
N: 20004XS/PCA10/MFAO1

__ . Lafayette Park, Washington. D.C, Washington, D.C: USDI, NPS,
National Capital Regional Office. 1964. 65 pp.

B: (41933,

C2 QOU9R3

“he 803-1

Rock Creek Park (DC}

Aschitrave P.C.. Architects and Land Ethies. Inc. Crltraf faurdscape Report:
Meridian Hill Park. Landscape Preservation Treatment Reconumendations
Volwne £. Washington, D.C: USDI, NPS. National Capital Regional
Office. 1999. 331 pp.

Tien Hill Park,
IW Regional

Archilrave P.C.. Architects. Cultaral Landscape Report: Me:
Volune 2, Washington, D.C.: USDL NPS, National Capi
Office, 1999. 283 pp.

Aument, Lani Renate. Experimentation In Concrete: Jotin 3, Earfey At Merion
Hill Park, Washingron, D.C, History, Technology, and Choracterizarion of
Expased Aggregate Concrete. Master Thesis, Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania, 1999. 183 pp.

Blanchard. Clai Wathers, Prescsvatent Needs Assessment, Dumbarton
Oaks Park. Wastingtou. D.C. Washington. D.C.: Geerge Washington
University, Historic Landscape Preservation Program Studio Project
1993, 150 pp. (Annotated)

B; 450025

COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY 37


Curmberland Island National Seashore. Spanish moss hanging trom teoes al the Plum Orchard estate. (NPS. rut }

82 CuuTural, LANDSCAPE BIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAl, Park SYSTEM



Historic Grounds Report was endertaken by the Pablig A cology
Laboratory. Brown University, and is one of a series of research projects aimed at
providing the information required for the restoration, reconstruction, and
interpretation of the estate. This report forms the first volume of the study and
contains the results of research uito primary and secondary documentary sources
voncerping the bistorical development of the Lindenwald grounds between 1797
and 19357. In particular, information was sought coneeming the nature and location
of ground cover, ices, shrubs. sauden plantings, walks. fences, sunail sructures,
driveways. gatchouses, and outbuildings

The report is organizect inte five sections. The pon on methadate
and cyalustes the research strategy, Documentary sources include technical
literature. Lindenwald rekaed literature, public records, Jocal histories, newspaper's
and magazines, National Park Service les, phic muteriuls, photographic
and graphic a Is. informants, letters, ar tions, and field survey
information. The chapter on the physical environment considers the
climate, and cvology of the Liadenwald holding. andl outlin:
of the site and how that may have affected human habitation. The results section is
divided into two pans, The first is 2 discussion of the indigenous ovcupation of the
Kinderhook region in the Hudson Valley ancl presents information on the known
prehistoric sites both on the park land und the wider Van Buren farmstead. The
stcond part ecamines the historical ownership sequence of the Lindenwatd property
focusing on the structural history of the grounds and its associated landscape
tions, These modifications are Hustrated on scparite historic base maps
The final chapter summarizes and appraises the results af the documentary research
and evaluates changes thal have cccurred in the Lindenwald lancbcape.

' describes

‘The report rs supplemented by several bibliographies and appendices, w hich include
a list of repositories and individuals consulted, a digest of ownership, anc the
results of a tice survey undertaken in 1976,

Bee eH

chot, David L.. and George W. Curry, Cultural Lamdseape Report for
Martin Yau Buren National Historic Site, Valtune 1: Site History, Existing
Condtrions and Autatysis. Cultural Landscape Publication No. 5, Boston:
USDi, NPS
Euvironntental Science and Fores
Syracuse, 1995, 207 pp.

B: 013600

T: 460"D-20

Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservition & College of

ww York at

of

State University

Manin Van Buren was the cighth President of the Ginitcd States 41836-1840) and.
nade significant political contributions to dhe countey, Cfaving last ia his second
term clection to the presidency. Van Buren established a 221 acre working sid
expermentil ferm which he named, Lindenwald. Located in the New York village
of Kinderhook, twenty miles south of Albany, Van Buren was able to stay active in
politics ay well as make many contebatiens to the science of horticulture through
his experimentation on the farm. Because of Lindenwald’s sig
property. there anced for preservation treatment ant management gulelines
for the Van Buren farm.

ificance as an

AnnotaTeo BIBLIOGRAPHY

225


Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (IA)

Bearss, Edwin ©. Historical Base Map and Grounds Study. Herbert Hoover
National Histavic Site, 1874-1886, Omaha: USDI, NPS, £968. 183 pp.
(Annotated)

B: 003035
C: 003035
T: 49/D-8
N: LOBTIVPCA LMFAO]

Land and Community Associates, etal. Herbert Hoover National Historic
Site, Cultural Landscape Report. Omube: USDI, NPS. Midwest Regional
Office. 1995. 261 pp. (Annotated)

B: 012267
T: 42ND-28

Homestead Natianat Monument of America (NE)

Qaim Evans Architects. Cultural Landscape Report: Homestead National
Monumen of America. (Draitj, Omaba; USD, NPS. 1999, 150 pp.

Hopewell Culture National Historical Park (OH)

Cotter, John L., Historic Structures aed Grounds Report, Part 1 on Mound City
Group National Monanent, Chifticothe, Ohio, Omahie USDI, NPS. 1963
20 pp.
B: (03296
C: 001296

Hot Springs National Park (AR)

Finert, Alfred Erwin. Magnotia Tree and Landscape Assessi
Row, Hot Springs National fark, Arkansas. Omaha: USD,

PP.
8: 017133
T: 128/D-54

Harrison. Laura Soullive,  Tigriing the Corner: The Landscape History of the
Administration Building, Hor Springs Nationat Park. Omaha: USDL, NPS
1990. 45 pp.

B: 015603
T: 128/D-95

Rhodes, Diane. Aistoric Grounds and Strectures: An laterim Report an
Bathhouse Row, USD. NPS, DSC. 1985. 449 pp.
T. 128/D-40,

National Park Service, Burhtouse Row Adaprive Use Program: The Bathhouse
Row Landscape. 1985. 102 pp.
Ts 1 2R/D-42

20 Cuturat LANDSCAPE BigtioaaPHy: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SysTEM


culural landscape during the Lincoln residency period. extending into more recent
limes.

The cultura! landscape developwent of the site is presented chrondlogically in sia
time periods, The entire four-bleck area of the Lincoln Home site is discussed for
each of the time periods with the charucter-detining Features (topography.
vegelation, natural systems, cicculation, structures. site furmishings and cbyeets,
water Jeatues, spatial relationships, and surroundings}, used as a itumework to
discuss the overall appearance of the area, Plans graphically portray the
dlocumnentation level for cach period. Existing conditions at ihe site are then
prescated along with accumpanying plans.

Based on the findings of this study, the site was found to be significant under
National Register Criterion B. association wilh the lives of persons signiticant in
our past, and Criterion A, association with events that hav made a signiti
contribution co the broud patterns of our history,

The overal) integrity of the site was deterinined to be low, yet due (0 its assuviation
with the life of Abraham Lincoln and its existence as an important memorial. the
site has a high level of historic significance. The ceview of preservation trentmen)
alternatives is follawed by the recommended trewtment-reconsteuction. This
Creaiment allermutive is selected on the review of this study's findings, the legislative
directive wu master plan objectives for the site,

Ozark National Scenic Riverways (MO)

Stevens, Donald 1... I. A Homeland and a Uinterland, The Current and backs
Forth Riverways, Historie Resowrce Satdy, Ocark National Seenic
Riverways, Omaha: CSDL NPS, Midwest Region Office. 1991. 248 pp,
B: QIS6H?

V, 61Y¥D-113

‘The purpose of this Historic Resource Study (IRS) is to tmierpree the settlement
and developinént history of the region and to aid in management and interpretation
of the iteas cultural resources. The Current cud Jacks Forth Rivers meander through
the Courtais Hills, the most rugged landscape in the Missouri Oxacks.

This study focuses vn the enduring frontier character of Ure Curcent River homeland
and how the hinterlitnd dynamic has altered the Ozark frontier. (Hinterlanel is detined
as an undeveloped area that supplies raw materiats for trade of manufacturing in
developed areas). Afier a brief summary of the prehistoric occupation of the area
and its importance fn delineating rhe culual landscape of the valtey, the study
examines the initial seittement of the Current riverway by white Ameri amd
the subsequent acuptation of the homeland co the roajor forces of chinge: tederal
sand policies, transportation innovations, corporate lumber developroent, and
goverment intervention.

‘The HRS js a comprehensive narrative af the history of Current and Jacks Forth
Riverways, chronologically describing the setdement of the aces from a prehioric
Presence through its establishment ds a national park. The text is supplementerl

ANNOTATED BrelioGRaPHY

Miowest ReGion

155


Brouse, Roxanne S. 44, 193
Brown, G. Allan 52

Brown, Sharon A. 29, 167
Bryant Associates, Inc. 45
Burghardt, John E, 17, 134
Burns, Steve R, 47, 79, 202, 203
Burt, Leah S. 60

Bushong, William 38

c

Candie, Joe 61

Caris, Glenn E, 14

Carr, Ethan 91, 326

Gatton, Ted 77, 286

Cauble. Frank P: 45

Cavanaugh. Cicie M. 52

CEHR Inc, 38

Chapman, William R. 88

Child Associates, Inc. 45, 67, 243
Chittenden, Belsy 92

Christopher, Patrick R. 74
Cianamon, Sleven K, 13

Claeys, Kristin 44, 47, 48, 53, 56, 62
Clambey, Gary K. 22

Clarke, Mary A, 23, 153

Clemens, Janet 5

Clemensen, Berle A. 47, 202, 203
Cockrell, Ron 19, 145

Cody, Greg 79

Coffin, Margaret 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 53, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 65, 66, 87, 97, 336
Coleman, Roger E. 18, 143

Colton, Harold 5, 14

Comp, Allen T. 72, 262

Cotter, John L. 20, 32, 174

Cowan, John P. 48

Cowley, Jill 9, 12, 21, 419, 147
Crisson. Richard ©. 44, 87, 319
Crowder, Lisa E. 94

Crystal, Joe 55

Culpin, Mary Shivers 14, 128

Curry, George W. 47, 53, 58. 62, 225, 233
Cynthia Zaitzevsky & Associates 36, 182

D

Davidson, Wendy 55

Davis, Benjamin H. 83
Davis, Timothy 30, 38
Davison, Mark 39

Day, Karen E. 97

DeCaro, David Robert 60
Denver Service Center 54, 308
Dickinson. Clifford R. 61
Dieterle, Nell 85

DiLucido, Mark 10, 113
Doherty, Jonathan L. 51. 210

344 CutturaL Lanpscapr BiguiocraPry: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM


INTERMOUNTAIN REGION

the Great Plains andl the Rio Grande Valley, and to provide for the preservation and
interpretation of the cultural and natural resotuves of the Vorked Lightning Ranch,

The federal presence has expunded within the Pecus and Glorieta valleys over the
years, first to preserve outstanding visible architectural remains, amd second to
protect 4 major partion of the Upper Pecos Vailey from the threat of large-scale
development. in reeognition of the broader history which the landscape represents.

‘The purpose of this document is 10 examine bow people of different cultures have
shaped und been shaped by the nutural and cultucal enviconment of the Upper
Pecos Valley, and how remaining evidences of these Telationships can be preserved
into the future, It provides preliminary information to the e-going Gereral
Management Plan implementution process und to pack management,

‘This overview addresses landscape changes over time, signifieance of each
componeat landscape, significant landscape characteristics and their integrity, and
preliminary recommendations for planning and management for two arcas within
the pack: Pecos Unit and the Pigeon’s Ranch Subunit

The Pecos Unit is significant primarily in terms of the continaum of uses over
time, including pre-contact settlement, Sparish Colonial/Mexican/Hispanic
settlement. travel along the Santa Fe trail corridor, and more recent Anglo-European
settlement. Recommendations address preservation of hath landscape resources,
and the stories and meaning associated with the landscupe:

The overview is broken inte seven major sections thal include a Summary,
Introduction, Cultural Periods, Signiticance, Significant Landscape Characteristics.
Integrity und Threats, and Reconmendations. Maps, plans and photographs support
the overview.

Petroglyph National Monument {NM)

Evans. Michael J.. Richard W. Stoffle and Sandra Lee Pinel. Petrogfyph Navionat
Monument Rapid Ftlmographic Assessment Project, Final Report, Santa Fe:
USI, NPS, Southwest Regional Office, [993, 83 pp.

T: 354/D-5

Peuoghyph National Monument is dorninated by two major geological features: a
basalt escarpment and the petrog|yphs etched jnto the basalt esearpment. The basalt
escarpment, commonly called the West Mesa, cans roughly pemth-south on the
west side of the City of Albuquerque. The petroglyphs within the Monument are
along this escarpment.

There ure several different kinds of cultural resources important to Pueblo people
Cound within the Monument boundaries. The archucology sites and petroglyphs
are only two of these. Others include plants, uninials, aud general areas considered
to be sacred because of the presence of shrines ar other religious items.

The Petroglyph National Monumeut Rapid Esthuographic Assessment Project 1s
conducted Jor ive primary reusons. First. lor the idenéification of those Antericat
Indian ‘Iribes, Pueblos, and Spanish heritage groups who want tu partici i
long-term consultation process with the NPS about the management of the new

120 CuttuRAL LANDSCAPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionaL Park System


Sitka National Historical Park, Lakich'nei, Yaadas Crest, antl Mosquito Legend Poles. (Alaska State Library, Wieser
ik Pond Phote Cultection, PCA 67-98, 19.43)

4 Cuxturat. LANDSCAPE BislioGRraPHy: Resources i THE National Parx SySveM


Fic West Re

282

* Specific Reseavel: on narrowly defined topics that analyzed sites or resource
use.

The ethnographic dat consist of early exptorer and fur (rders reports and journals,
the reminiscences of early Euroatnerican settlers in ares peripheral 40 the park,
and histovical overviews that primarily discussed the Eucomnerican experience iy
areas pear park lands.

The final portion of the report evaluates the data For its use in park management,
Generally, the databuse was found to be inadequate for the managemient needs.
Recommendations for the collection of subsequent data ta inventory and assess
the uses of parMlands by park-associated Native American populations are made
with a design to meet the research goals,

Asiete from the literature and database review, the HORA provides i sketch of
park~assoctated tribe's use areas and a review of relevant treauic sand juchicial
actions concerning park-essoviated populations. The report is complemented with
a series of maps and includes ap snnotated bibliography of materials used for this
overview and assessment

Re

Gilbert, Cathy A. Gretchen Luxenherg, and Renata Niedzwieeka. Cudfural
Landscape Documentation: Buckner Homestead, Stehekin, Washington,
Lake Chetan National Recreation Area. USDI. NPS, Pacific Northwest
National Parks & Foresls Assoviation, 1985. 44 pp,

B: (15987
C2 OLSS87

The Buckner Homestead, an example of an carly pioneer homesteart in Ute Stebekia
Vatley. is under the jurisdiction of Me North Cascades National Park. The vernactlar
landsvape covers over 100 acres, carved aut af the mixed deciduous and contterous
forest in the tate nineteenth certu he homestead complex is comprised of 13
structures, including the muir house and various outbuildings. The rest of the site
is made up of orchard. pasture, gardens and woodland, This short inventory
documents the history of the site and secords and describes the current landscape,
Based on this rescarch its integrity and significance are evaluated. The report is
very well illustrated with plans. maps, photographs and sketches.

The site is identified and the comextual and site boundaries defined, The curreat
landscape of the homestead is described under the headings of circulation,
vegetation, cluster arrangement, land uses and fonctions, and materials, Landscape
details and historic remnants, such as the sundial, gardens, ruins and che orchard
are also documented. The history of the site is outtined and divided inty dares mat
vray: Buyzaril Fea (1889-1940), Willian Buzzard laid claim to 160 acres ia the
valley and built a Jog cabin in 1889, During the next 20 years he cleared much of
the lund before selling 147 acres to the Buckner family; Buckner Bra (1911-1970),
during this period the land was cleared Jurther and cropped. an imigation ditch was
dug and a more than SQ acres of orchard planted. New structures and outhuildings
were added, with gardens and recreational features constructed: NPS Era (1970-
1985). in 1970 the Buckners sold 300 ucres of land co the National Park Service. A
family, who has preserved many of the historic features of the site, currently ovcupies
the home,

CuturaL LaNnscaPE BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL Park SySTEM



48

Eleanor Rooseve!t National Historic Site (NY}

s, Kristin, Margaret Coffin, and Charles
far Eleanor Roosevelt National Hstori
Olmsted Center for Landscape Presery

Pepper. Historic Pfaaur Inventory
te, Boston: USDL NPS,
ion, 1994, 150 pp.

Kane and Canuth. Conyrrehensive Repurt on the Ufst
Landscape, Etecuor Roaseveit National Histart
USDI NPS. 1981. 34 pp. (Amnotated}

B: 012724
©: 012724
T: 473/0-S

pie ond Cuftarad
¢. Pleasantville, NY:

Fort Necessity Nationa! Battlefield (PA)

Cowan, John P. Special Report an the Landscaping af Moant Washington

Tavern, Fort Necessity National Battlefield. Getrysburg: USDI. NPS.
1937. 9 pp.
B: MOATS
COONS.
Nationat Park c. Great Meadows Cultural Landscape Report, Fart

Necessity National Baulefield, Denver: USD1, NPS. Denver Service
Canter. 1995, 634 pp.

Smith, Nancy, Prewnicar Recanumeudaions bart Ne intivricit Betiletield.
Great Meadows, (Diatt), Allegheay Portage; USDI, NPS. 1997,

Torres. Reyes, Ricardo. Ground Cover Study, Fort Nei fared
Battlefield Site. Washington. 9.C.; USDL NPS, Office af Archeology and
Historic Preservation, 1970. 40 pp, (Annotated)

B: 000412
©: 0014)2
Tb 336/D-6
NX: 2005OWPCADE/MEAQ]

Fort Stanwix National Monument {NY}

Natiouat Park Service. Pirve Prutsplanting Specifications, Fort Stanwin
Nattonat Monument, Boston: USDT, NPS, Olmsted Ceater for Landscape
Preservation. 1997, 15 pp.

Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site (MA)

Dolan. Susan, Removing Barriers to qual Access within Culuwal Landscape
Preservation: A Philosophy aud Process for the Planning and Design of
Higuet Experiential Access in Preserved, Cultural Landscapes, Masters
Project. Fugene: Ur of Oregon, 1996, 244 pp.

Vavroui, Rudy 3. Groumdls Maintenance Manual: Langfetlerw and Frederick
faw Olmsted dlistoric Sites. Storrs. CT: CSDi NPS, 1986. 87 pp.
B; 400325

Curturar Lanoscare BieuioGrariy: Resources in THE National Park System


Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site (NY}

Kane and Carruth, Comprehensive Report on the Historic and Cudtural
landscape, Eleanor Raasevelt National Historte Site. Pleasanwitle: USDI,
NPS. 1081. 34 pp.

B: 012724
&: 012724
TV 473/D-5

Val-Kill was the personal retreat of Mrs, Eleanor Roosevelt, wile of President
Franklin Delane Roosevelt, The six-acre she was purchased by Franklin D.
Roosevelt in 1971 and became pat of a larger tract of land — Bennett Parm, The
YVal-Kall site, and subsequently the surrounding Jand, remained in the Rooscyclt
family ownership until the 1970s when the Nattonal Park Service bought 180 acres
of land and designated it the Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site,

This histori¢ and cultural landscape report addresscs the following areas of the
site: the general environment at Val- Kill, the peninsula area, the gardens related to
the Stone Cottage as they existed circu 1935, the setting surrowading Eleanor
Roosevelt's home ax it was in the late 1950s and 1960s. and the cutting garden as
it existed during the height of its devclopment in the early 1940s, The study involved
research of primary and secondary sources and site investigation. The primary
sources included cincfilm and interviews with gardeners who had worked at the
sile, as well as documentary research,

A main part of the report compnses a narauve deseripuon of the lugdscape of Val-
Kill between 1925 and the 1960s, ia the early years, the landscape of this historical
core consisted mainly of overgrown pastures wilh pray birch, red cedar, and native
oak and hickory invading. The first development of the cor: arca began in 1925,
when a swimming pool was constructed in the southeastern comer of the site. anc
the stone cottage was built by FDR for his wife, Ammual flowers and spirea were
the first additions to the otherwise satural fandscape. A pond was also created in
these early years. Addinional construction took place in 1926 to create the Wwo-
tucco factory building, which housed cv uch as furniture making. a
pewler forge, and a weaving enterprise. Part of the building was later converted to
become Heunor Roosevelt's home,

Over the following ten (o fifteen years, the natural areus were gradually repluced
by buridings and cultivated gardens. ‘The gardens included a cutting garden
measuring 55 x 90 ft. surrounded by a clipped athorvitae hedge, within which a
variety of summer Mowers were grown for use in the house. formal gardens aad a
vegetable garden were also created.

During the carly period, up to the beginning of the 1940s, the gardens of Val-Kill
were considered tw be in a state of Constant change, with many of the areas being
redesigned and the plantings relocated. ‘The period from [944 was generally
dedicated to upgrading the formal garden anct flower borders. Following FDR's
death in 1945, Eleanor moved permanently to Val-Kill and attention was focused
on the areas adjacent to the factory building where she lived.

The second pan of this report contains landscape recommendations for the core
area. the peninsula arca. the Stone Cottage. Eleanor Roosevelt's home. and the

204 CucturaL Lawpscare BiautocrarHy: Resources is THE NaTionat Park SysTen


Guadalupe Mauntains National Park (TX}

Troeschauer, Peggy. Crdtund Landscape Report far the Frijote Ranch,
Guadalupe Mountains National Park. ta E SDL NPS, Southwest
Regional Office. 1995, 72 pp.

B: 017633

Located in Culberson Counry, Texas, the Guadatupe Mountains National Park was
established in September 1972 as part of the world’s most significant Permian
limestone fossi evel, as well as its other natural and cultural resources, The focus
of this report is the 967) acre Frijole Ranch. The Runch alfards visitors the
opportunily to understand the setttenwat history of the trans: Pecos region of western,
Texas. The purpose of this report is iw document past land uses and existing
conditions of the Frijole Ranch. analyze and evaluate the resource with regard 10
significance and integrity: und ideatily chavaceet-detining feanues of the ranch:

The methodology used for the report includes a background study, literature search,
archival research, and field research fucluding the use of the deaf Cultural Landscape
fuventary (CLD field survey tot. istaric maps. accial phowagraphs and period
photographs are used to locate landscupe features, formerly planted vegetution,
building sites, circulation systems and existing plant communities. Field research,
inchudes press releases requesting any phowgraphs or personal kagwledge whout
lhe ranch, @ presentarian overview of the research on the local radia station and
one imerview with those possessing knowledge about the study site,

‘The report is divided into four sections; Inaduction, Resource Analysis, Treatment
and Development Altematives. uid Ductunenation of Actual Treatment by National
Park Servige, This report found the ranch to he significant because i1 comprises the
most complete au substantial venmaacs of early setthentent and canching practices
in the southern Guadalupe Mountains. I¢ is t under National Register
criteria A, having made significuat coouibutions to the bruad patierns of history in
exploration, setlement, farming and ranching, anc under criterion D is a property
that had yielded, or is likely 10 yield information important te prehistary ar histery,
The period of signiffcance established for the swudy is 1876-1970 because of dhe
contiguunt of use over che past [00 years,

Circulation, vegeranon, spatial organization, natural features, smali-scale elements,
and structures are anatyzed and accompanied by diagrammatic sketchys, niaps:
and photographs, This report examines the design intent. desigar principles and
key developnrenis within the site that reveal adynamic cuntiniun reflecting changes
jn natural conditions, secioeconaniig and political influences.

The Treatment and Development Alternatives section discusses four issues:
recommendations i address loss of character-defining features; visitor needsifuturc,
development, management needs/ alternatives for management and routine
Maitenance, The recommended management philosophy and preservation
treatment focuses on the tehahilitation of the significant historic tealures and patterns.
that comprise the culsural landscape. A chronological list of actual ireatment by
the National Park Service is also included.

Appendices include the C
such as cont

dliural Landseupe [Inventory form, and research resources
s, vepositories, other facilities: a assemblage of photogniphs of the

Annotateo BreviacraPHy

InTeRMmouNTaIn: REGION

117



ms



Vanderbills, 1895-1938. The documentation is bused on research of original primary
sources inchiding site records, drawings, und historical photegraphs, as well as a
licld survey of existing site conditions.

The history of the development of the estate is divided into thyee eras: the pre
Vanderbilt years (1705-1895); the Vanderbilt years 11895 [938}: and the post-
Vanderbilt ycurs (1933-1983). The owner, De, Hosavk, xad the Jandscape gardener,
Andre Parmentier, originally laid out the grounds in the early nineteenth cemury
in the English landscape style. The gardens that they developed were described
and Dhstrated in Andsew Jackson Downing's famous trearisc in 1875, A subsequent
owner, Walter S. Langdon, first developed the formal yardens in their present
Jocution.

‘The formal gardens use comprised of boundary walls containing a series of parterre
gadens. with bedding plants laid out in a style typicul of the lute nineteenth century,
Alter the estate came into the Vanderbilt's ownership, kurdseape architect Chatles
Platt, developed plans for Nalian gardens at the site, although these were never
implemented. In 1902. the Vanderbilts hired James L. Greenleaf, another landscape
architect, to redesign the formal gardens. He devefoped the tower fevel in the Italian
style as a walled and terraced garden, syinmetrically organized with a pool and
formally clipped cedar bedyes. a pergola, and trellises. Greenleaf alse developed
the walkways berwcen the gardens. No planting plans exist [ram this period, and it
is considered that the Vanderbilts themselves designed the planting.

The formal gardens were expanded in 1910, with plans developed b
Philadelpbia avssezy of Thomas B. Meehan Conrpany. Portions of the lower wi
of the Italian gardens were cemoved and steps constructed to the new loggia garden
treated on the lower level. A fence with brick piers bound the logyin garden, The
garden beds were organized around a central line of sight and circulation and
included a round pool. fountain, and Lw'a nges in Jevel. The beds were planted
with perennials in the style of William Robinson and Gertrude Jekyll. The architect
and landscape architect, Robert B. Cridiand, designed further alterations and
improvements to the forinul gardens between 1916 aad 1954, Fallowing Me.
Vanderbilt's death in 1938, the site was donated 10 Ue U.S, government. Over the
following two decades. the formal gardens deteriorated: however, since the E960,
restoration efforts have improved the gardens. These latter changes ure not
documented in this report.

[tis concluded Mat Ue Vanderbilt estate is a care exammpte of @ pieee of land which
passed virtually imact from one generation to the next with euch sucvessive owner
building on the work of his predecessor. Today, the Jandscape reveals a “faycring”
of garden history,

The report is well Wustrated thooughour, with design aod planting plans for the
various stages of garden development. Histarical photographs, whick iHustrae the
grounds, are included as an appendix,

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

247


fn 1989, the Earthworks Landscape Management Manual was developed by
Andropogon Associates, Ltd.. for the National Park Service. representing the tirst
slep in developing the art and science of earthworks Jandscape management. The
Manual provided an evaluation of then-cusreal management pracuices and
scconmendations for alternative management approaches. Guidelines for managing
various vegetative cover Lypes and for stabilization and revegetation of damaged
ground surfaces were included.

fa 1995, the Park Cultural Landscape Progren, in parmership with the Georgia
‘Trust for Historic Preservation, began an evaluation, refinement, and expansion of
the 1989 Manual. This involved fickd assessments of earthworks and carthwork
nxamagemonl practices in seven parks in the Middle Aduntic and Southeastern states,
“The project culminated in the development of A Guide to Sustinable Earthwerks
Management Draft in 1998. Specific information on managing earthworks in the
wo most typical conditions ia which they are found, under forest cover and in
open conditions. is provided. The basis tor this work is a clear management process
that considers sustainability to be the foundation for preserving and interpreting
these resources.

eke RH

Page, Robert R., Cathy Gilbert, and Susan Dolan. A Guide to Culterett
Landscape Reports: Contents, Process and Techniques. Washington, D.C.:
USD, NPS, Park Historic Structures and Cuhural J andseupes Program.
LOY. 168 pp.

idle addvosses three primary objectives: to clarv'y the purpose and use vf a
Landscape Report (CLR): to define the content, proccss, and format of a
CLR; and to provide technical inforination on the methodologies and techniques
for cultural landscape rescarch. documentation. analysis, evaluation, and ireatment,
‘The guide expands on the definition and content of the CLR described in the NPS
Culneral Resource Management Guideline, providing procedural and practical
information related to preparing a CLR. The guide has been prepared specilically
for cultural landscapes in the national park system, however, ihis information should
be useful to other agencies. organizations, and individuals involved in similar work,

“The intent of the guide is lo provide professionals and park management and staft
involved im preparing a CLR with a phifosophival framework and technical
references for undertakmg the work. The CLR cat be applied ta a diversity of
cultural landscapes and a range of project scopes. deating with the enure landscape,
a portion of the landscape, of an individual feature. Professtonals may interpret
and apply the material contained! in this guide to a particular CLR, in order to best
serve their management objcetives,

The guide is organized and physically compiled into three separate but sclated
pa

Contents, Process, and fechniques is a pertect-bound document that provides a
general history of landscape research in the National Park Service. U describes the
relationship of the CLIC to park planniag, design, and resource muamagement: ant
also the content and format of a comprehensive CLR. This information provides

Curturat Lanoscare BisLiocraPHy: Resources tw THE National Park SvsTen



268

condition to give the Inndscape a more uatura! appearance, ‘The proposals are
iMustrated op the landscape redevelopment plan

seated

Tolon, Marsha R, Cultural Landscape Report, Landscape Reconungudations
1976-1993, Fort Clatsop Nationcl Memoriut. Seattle: USTH, NPS. 1993. 63

pp.
B: 017606
f: 4050-27

This report consolidates Jandseups recommendations contained in mine separate
planning documents, special studies, und tectinical reports for the Memorial, dating
from 1976 to the time of this separt. Previous cultural studies adelressed specific
landscape issues at the Memorial. yet no single strategy (or long-term treatment of
the cultural landscape as a whole has been completed, The lack ofa cunprehensive
study and plan for the cultural landscape resources at the Memorial has resulted ia
isolated treatments und occasional conflicts in managemenr and maintenance
BCTIVINES

In audition. this ceport developed farther recommencations ta detineace an overall
scheme for restoration at the Memorial that would foifow current munugenicn¢
policy. This report was prepared concurrently with the devetopmentof a new General
Management Plan and Environmental Impact Stale, providing the opportunity to
contirm management objectives for culrural landscape resources over the next 15
yes and establish a consistent strategy for preservation treatment at the
encampment and Salt Works sites.

‘The presont-uay [25.3-aere Memorial consists of two ses: the encampment genet
Salt Works site, A historical overview of we site is presented, along with an
examination of site conditions and oanagement recommendations, A macix ix
developed lo consolidate landscape recommendations and show their relevance to.
specific planning decuments and the results of implementation. Abstracts for cach,
of the planning documents are provides,

Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (WA)

Taylor, ‘Testi A. and Pacricia ©. Erigero. Cidrarat Landscape Report: Fort
Vancouver National Histaric Site, Vohane £ Yincouver Washington. Seattle:
USDI, NPS. 1992. 223 pp.

B: 016359
T: 389/D-64

Fort Vancouver Nutikoual Uistoric Site began as the most importam Iludsan's Bay
Company uitding post in the Pavifie Northwest. [1 served as the primiy US Military
post in the region and as an important archeolugicat and interpretive unit ia the
National Park Service. The need for aa updted Master Plan for the fort led to the
need for this CLR. which serves as a technical document to supplement the Master
Plan developinent process.

There are two main parts to Lis
design development. Both primary

port: research, analysis und evaluation:
and secondacy saurces are reviewed, trous which

CutruRAL LaxDscare BigiioGRaPHy? RESOURCES IN THE NaTIONAL Park System



NOISAY VASVIVW



Lugene and Carlowa O'Neill had the Tao House designed and built to serve as
their residence from 1937 to 1944. Over this period they developed Unc grounds:
contained within walls extending from the main house. This vernacular landscape
included a swimming pool, outbuildings, orchard, and courtyard garden. The
courtyard garden ts alse important as a designed landscape reflecting the garden
style of the California School.

The study is undertaken by a landscape architect, whose historical research is based
on secondary source material. A ficld survey is undertaken t assess current
conditions at the site, The primary focus is the courtyard garden, however. attention
is also given to the wider landscape of the site, which is also considered to possess
significance. The aim of the research is to ultimately restore the courtyard ganlen
Lo its scene during the O'Neill period.

‘The report first describes and iHustrates current conditions at the site, Boundancs
and defining structures, spatial organization, plant aaterials, and detail clements
are documented and a plan of existing conditkons produced
provides an overview of the development of the site. defining and describing four
distinct historic periods: Pre-O" Neill Period (up to 1937), when structures were
ercetect and the site was used seasonally for ranching and agricultural purposes:
the O'Neill Period (1937-1944), when the grounds, gardens and nrajority of the
slvuctes were built; ‘The Gerdes Period (1944-1976). when new structares were
added to the site and many changes made co dhe courtyard and residence: the O"Reilt
Foundation/Navonal Park Service Period {1976-1986}, when the properly was
iansferved and jurisdiction assumed by the National Park Service. A bistoric base
plan iMystrates conditions during tbe O'Neill period. While the courtyard has
undergone several changes since the O'Neill's residence, a number of material
components and. to 4 kuge degree. the overall spatial organization of the garden
are considered 16 be intact,

The information presented on curreat conditions and bistorical development enable
the site to be analyzed and evaluated for significance and integrity. The significant
patterns, relationships and [eatures of the landscape are also evaluated. Design
development guidelines and recommendations are generated as a result of this
work, ‘he design proposal for the counyard garden focuses on the preservation
and reestablishoient of bistoric landscape patterns and features from the O'Neill
Period, The recommentations awe grouped into four categories: overall orgamzation,
circulation, plant materials, and site features and details are iMlustrated on 2 design
Proposal plan,

Fort Ciatsop National Memorial (OR)

Agee, James K.4 Conceptual Plan for the Forest Landscape of Fort Clatsop
National Memorial, Seatile: USD1, NPS, Cooperative Park Studies Unit.
1989. 37 pp.

B; 015609
T: 405-20

Fort Clatsop National Memonal was established m (958 to commemorate the
culmination and winter encampment of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, foltowing
its successful crossing of the North American Continent

266 Curturat Lawoscare BipniocnarHy: RESOVRCES IN THE NaTionat Park System



‘This repact documents changes to the landscape and its features over time,
gzapbically and in text, that created the character sigl ¢ of the property,
Beginning us a working farm aad moving inte a place of public visitation. changes
re made which cid not take into siecount the importance ef the landscape in
conveying Roosevelt's lile aud ideals. The site analysis for the properly ix presented.
in both nacrative and graphic form and describes the significance and integrity of
the site. Each feature of the landscape is dotermined 10 be signiJicant or not, and
sed in detail and analyzed in terms of its contribution to the character of
The most significant extant features of the site are the rural chai
the scttiag of Cove Neck, the spatial org on of the site (considered a high
ity) and the Theodore Roosevelt Itouse. significant for its architecture and its
contibution to the overall character of the site.

mi

Non-contributing existiag features include: the visitor parking lot that did not exist
during the period of significance (located an the site of the y ble and Hower
ind the memorial rose
il not cxist during the period of sign

hese features

cance and detract from the charagter of the
site, The analysis of the property's imegrity is based on the seven aspects revognized
by the Nationa? Register and the comparative study of character-detining feaures
which existed during the pertod of signiticant and the existing conditions. The site
is rated high for location aod association und as having partial integrity m de:
setting, material and feeling, Theodore Rousevelt’s ideals were embodied in the
landscape and landscape features of Sagamore

ix Copan provides documemauion of the site's history and the site analysis which
can act ax a substantial basis for the preparation of treatment objectives and
guidelines to be incorporated into the Resources Management Plan aod General
Management Plan for Sagamore Hill,

Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site {NH)

Noble, William. Hedge Restoration Manual for Scini-Gaudens Nativnal
Historic Sie. Cormsb: USDI. NPS 1989. 59 pp.
B: 015097
NM: PB9Q-22249VASPCAQUMEAO!

The Saine-G. nal Historic Site, in Cornish, New Hampshi
the home, stu inden of Augustus Sunt Gardens, Am
sculptor of the late nineteenth aml carly oventicth centunes. Saint-G:udens lived
atthe property from | 891, until his death in 1907. He planted ext
white pine and hemlock in the garden both to create and define space and provice
background and shelter tor people and plams. The hedges wei
fourdecales by At us and then by his wife, Augusta Saint -Gaucens.
of this report is to evaluate the current condition of the hedg
in the historic landscape, and to make recommendations for their preservation and
sesloration,

The report begins with a description of the hedges in (heir current stute, They
cover 3.004) linear feet in total. and consist of approximately 1.500 trees of white
pine (Pinus strobus} and hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), About two-thirds of the
plants are presently bemlock altho all records from the sculptor’s lifetime

ANNOTATE BistiocRaruHy

THEAST REGION

236


Paciric We:

Recion

294

is described and a brief history is given followed by descriptions of bauidings and
historic resources ant a brief discussion of the ranch’s significance. Historic features
are then listed with a plan of the ranch with historic photographs included at the
end of cach section.

One of the pitmary findings of the study
vanches contain more than one hundred historic buildings and featur
overall distribution of the ranches, the cultural landscape of the pi
complexes themselves that have the greatest significance and mtegniy. The Point
Reyes Dairy District, as well as many individuat dairies, was found to have
signibcance under the guidelines of the National Register of Historic Places in the
categories af domestic use, education, agricultural/subsistence, industry. and
landscape and transporuition, Nomination of the historic district to the National
Register of Historic Places followed the publication of this report. General and
very brief preservation recommendations are giver. along with the proposal that 2
CLR be undertaken.

that although the Poin Reyes dairy
itis the

San Juan Istand National Historica! Park (WA)

Agve, James K. Historic Landscapes of San Juan fstond National Histoncal
Park. Seale: USDI, NPS, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Cuiversity of
Washington, College of Forest Resources. 1984. 46 pp.

B: 013610
T: 438/D-27

San Juan Island National Hissorical Park yeas established on San Juan Island,
Washington in 1966. The intent of the park 4s to interpsel and preserve the sites of
American aad English camps on the island, and commemorate the historic events
that occurred from 1853 to 1871 in connection with the final seulement of the
Oregon Termaory houndary dispwe., The iskind covers 1,751 acres. The vernacular
landscape today reflects the many changes and alterations that have taken place
since the historic period. The historical and natural resource objectives for the site
include the restoration and pxaintenance of the landscape as it existed during the
historic period,

This report, prepared by a research biologist, formed par of a multi- disciplinary
team effort (0 solve resource management problems al the park, The lindings of
this research will be integrated into a main report, This report specitically discusses
the landscape changes within cach of the hvo main historical areas: the English
Camp and the American Camp. The landscape chronology is divided into four
periods: Prehistoric Period (before 1850): Historic Period (1853-1871), Post Historse
Period (1872-1965): and the Park Period (1966-1984). General recommendations
for landscape restoration are proposed for tie English Carnp and the Americar
Camp. ‘The historic research is based mainly on photo documentation.

The present scene at the English Camp is considered to be similar to its historic
appearance, although there is a higher proportion of grasstand. The grassland is.
however, slowly regenerating with ees, Stand management operations for the
forest and regenerating arcas are discussed. it is suggested that thinning of the
overstucked regencrated areas could substantially ase the natural progress
towards restoration of the historic scene, An appropriate thinning cycle is

Cutturat Lanpscare BisLiocRAPHy: RESOURCES IN THE National Park SysTeM


Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields Memorial
National Military Park (YA)... a vee ce teeeaeee
Fnendship Hill National Historic Site (PA} .
Gateway National Recreation Area (NJ, NY} ....
George Washington Birthplace National Monument {VA}
Gettysburg National Military Park (PA)
Hampton National Historic Site (MD) ....
Home of Franidin D Roosevelt National Hystoric Site (NY)...
Hopewell Furnace National Histonc Site (PA) ..
Independence National Historical Park {PA).
Longfellow National Historic Site (MA).
Lowell National Historical Park (MA)... oe
Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park | (vt) nes
Martin Van Buren National Histone Site (NY)...
Minute Man Nationa! Historical Park (MA),
Momistown National Historical Park (NJ).
New Sedford Whaling National Historical Park (MA)...
New River Gorge National River (WV) ..
Petersburg National Batllefield (VA)
Richmond National Gattlefield Park (VA}
Roger Williams National Memorial (RI) ..
Sagamore Hill National Historic Site (NY)
Saint-Gaudens National Hisloric Site (NH)
Salem Maritime Malional Historic Site (MA) ....
Saratoga National Hislosical Park {NY} ..... ..
Saugus Iron Works National Historic Sile (MA)
Shenandoah National Park (VA). ....
Springheld Armory National Historic Site (Ma)
Statue of Liberty National Monument (NJ, NY) .
Thomas Stone National Historic Sile (MD) .
Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River (NY, PA) .
Valley Forge National Histoncal Park (PA) ......
Vanderbilt Mansion Nalional Hisloric Site (NY}
Weir Farm National Historic Site (CT} .... ....

Pacirtc WEST REGION... cece cseecceseeecesseccessseceeeeteseereasees

Cabrillo National Monument (CA).
City of Rocks National Reserve (ID)
Coutce Cam Nalional Recreation Area (WA).
Crater Lake National Park (OR)
Death Valtey National Park (CA)
Ebey's Landing Nalional Historical Reserve (WA)
Eugene O'Neill National Histonc Site (CA)
Fort Clatsop National Memonal (OR) ......
Forl Vancouver National Historic Site (WA) ..
Galden Gate National Recreation Area (CA}
Great Basin National Park {NY} .. _
Jonn Day Fossil Beds National Monument (OR)
John Muir National Historic Sile (CA) ...
Lake Chelan National Recreation ‘Area WA)
Mount Rainier National Park (WA) ..
Nez Perce Nalional Historical Park D, MT, OR, way . esnseeetee ee oe
Olympic National Park (WA) .... sean ceeeene . ecsessseesate seeseenser vane EP

Contents


Paciric West Recion

80

Land and Canununity Associates and Jones & Jones Architects. Yosemite
Vath Cutmral Landscape Report. Volune bane tf, Yosemite National
Park, California, 2 Vols, Denver: USDI, NPS. L994. 400+ pp.
fAanatated}

B: 017666
T: 1041-493

National Park Service, Yosemriie Valley Implementation Plan, Supplenentat
Environmental impact Statement: Yosenite National Park, (Draft). Denver:
USBI, NPS, 1997. 292 pp.

T: LO/97-44

Olosted, Frederick Law. Zhe Kosenzite Halley aud he Mariposa Big Tees, a
Preliminary Report (1865). Reprinted tron Landscape Architecture, 43,
No. § (Qer. 1952); (2-25,

B: 016207

Cuttural. LanoscaPe BIBLIOGRAPHY: RESOURCES IN THE NaTionat PARK SYSTEM



William Howard Taft National Historic Site (OH)

McCullough, Charles Ross. Willian Howerd faft National Historic: Site:
Historie Grounds Report, Omaha: USBI. NPS. 1971. 84 pp. (Annotated)
B: 700N48
Tt: 446/D-6

Series and Hanunend, Ine. Cultnad Landscape Report, William Howard Taft
National Historic Site, Cincinnati, Olio. Omaha: USDL NPS, Midwest
Regional Office, Planning and Resource Preservation Division. 1993. 86
pp. tAanetated)

B: 016610
T: 448/D-35

Wilson's Creek National Battlefield (MO)

OCULUS. Bifson's Creek National Burtlefield Cutracal Landscape Report.
Omaha: USDI, NPS, 1999,

ComPREHENSIVE BreLloGRAPHY

25


Harry S Truman National Historic Site (MO}

Framan
ipnal

Cockrell. Ron and Keith Krueger. Cultural Landscape Report: Harey $
National Historic Site, Missouri. Omabu: USI, NPS. Midwest Re
Office, Planning and Resource Preservation, 1989. 198+ pp.

B: 014979
tT A92AD-9
N: PB9)-J0S304/PCAI MEA tT

Two Hundred Nineteen North Duiaware Street was the home of Many S truman,
the 33rd President of the United States. Tn (97 | the site was designated a National
Historic Landmark 10 commemorate bis Presidency. The area has also been
designated by (he city council of Independence, Missouri as the Harvy S Troman
Nerage District. The prapesty came in the possession af the National Park Service:
in 1982. and it is operued as a historic house museum and interpreted to the public

through prided tours.

This CLR, prepared by a historian and Jandscape architect,
ion and management ol the 0.77.
Truman ome, The repart states that the pust-presivential period of
1972 is the goal for landscape reconstruction and preservation, as this
represents the lime when the Tramans hoth owned and lived at dhe house.

IMs 10 set OULU strategy
acre hislovic vernuculac landscape

‘The report ix divided jato five pacts; Administrative Data, Field Sprves/Existing
Veyetution Data. Historical Duta, Reconnnendations and Analysis, and Maintenance
Guide to perpetuate the 1953-1972 histone landscupe.

The Administrative Data section sets out che backgroustd to the repart ard
justification for the choice of historic period, The section on Historical Data
documents the history of the site und its occupants from the Victorian era when the
house was built, up to the present with the house in the stewardship of the NPS.
The evidence: is based on primary sources, which include photographs
imerviews, and other written and graphic documents, The
Vegetation Data section provides information on the historic appearance of the
site with descriptions of all the wees, shrubs, pecenniatybulbsvines and tuct. The
Recommendations and Analysis set out the methodology for achieving and
maintaining the composite bistoric scuac representing the post-Presidential period.
The historic context of the Trumens* hone landscape hes not been appreciably
altered: inost of the trees aod shrubs that existed diving the Truntan Presiceney are
extant loday, as are the willkways, driveway, flower garden, and remnants at
Structural garden elements.

“wo methods for restoring the landscape are oudined: replacement of selected
deteriorated specitnens, areas, os features; and applying appropriate oiaintenauce

priviices to rejuvenate, restore. und perpetuate the landscape.

A strategy for the Teplacement of plant material and removal oF unwanted species
is set out and specific treatments for parlipular arews are describes). Guidance is
also given on the reconstruction of site umunities and reducingyeliminating intrusions
on the historic scene, The final section of the report provides detailed regimes for
the maimenance of the trees, shrubs, luri, perennials. bulbs, and vines in order to.
perpetuate the historic scene,

ANNOTATED BiBLioGRAPHY

Miowest

145



INTERRMOUNTAL

112

The purpose of the report is 10 provide a restoration planting plan for the site based
on documentation and fight study. The restoration area is Hoited to the area
inuncdiaely surrounding we rach house, bit specifically excludes ihe orchards,
bornyard, corral area ind cowboy house.

The first section of the report documents the physical and social history of the
ranch between 1866, the time of the First pioneer settlement in Bonita Canyon, and
the present. Panicular attention is given to its period of operation as a guesthouse
by Ciflian and Fd Riges between 1917 and 1960. Information is given on the
orchard and gardens, fences, retaining walls and ranch roads. Other structures in
the unmediate landscape are also recorded.

Following the historical documentation, an analysis and evaluation of the existing
vegetation is made and mapped. Missing vegetauon 1s determined by an analysis
of historical photographs. Because the landscape of the ranch during the 1950s is
considered to have been in a state of decline, the author proposes that the landscape
be restored vo on cartier appearance. during ils nvost productive phase in the 1930s
and 194()s.

Sheets identifying the location, condition. habit, maintenance and management
requirementy ot all the existing vegetation on the site are prepared and included in
the report. The final chapter Contains recommendations for site restoration, including
a vegelation restoration plan indicating the presumed location and species type of
the trees and shrubs missing [rom the ranch landscape, The primary recommendation
is W reintroduce missing plantings. The report gives detail of the locitions and
species for replaning,

Fort Laramie National Historic Site (WY}

Keohan, Thomas G. Preliminary Cultural Landscape Report-Fort Laramie
Nartonal Historte Site, Gashen County, Worng. Sana Fe: USDIL NPS,
1993. 53 pp.

B: 01605

Fort Laramie National Historic Site is located near the confluence of the North
Placte and Larunie rivers in eastern Wyoming. The site played an important role in
the Euro-American westem setJement. first as a frontier trading post. and then as
ancarly military post. Native Ameri had used the site Yor centuries as a meeting
and trading ground, after which it evolved into a fur-trading center. influenced by
the camigration of Europeans. Travetess on the Mocovon and Oregon iraits stopped
atthe Fort for suppltes and repairs, aud ta 1849 tt was purchased by dhe US. Army
to protect the emigrants.

‘Throughout its history, the Fon served to protect the transcontinental telegraph.
and was also used as a relay station for the pony express. Fort Laramie contiaucd
to grow as a militayy post whose layout ultimately reselted in a format parade
ground surrounded by 65 buildings, Once westem migration subsided and the Fort
was ao tonger a necessity, it was deactivated aud the land was auctioned off to
local homesteaders in (890. In 1938, thanks to local efforts to preserve the Fart,
President Franklin Roosevelt proclaimed the site a national historical monument.

Cultural Lanoscare Biawocrarny: Resources in THe Nationac Park System



a cormprehensive archeological base map is developed, With the use of remote
sensing and a non-invasive archeological technology, a detailed lanelscape history
and historic base mups for six historic periods af landscape development are
genertted (found in Valame 1), A 1:200 scale site map is generated and usect as
the primary base map for the project

Character-defining features, significant historiy resources ind contemporary site
impacts were identified, which helped to set the [ramework for desiyn development.
Seven cutttral landscape character ancas and five management zones are identified.
A series of design recommendations and alternatives are developed according co
ihe general manageinent philosophy of the park: to preserve. resture. and reconstruct
(when ippropriate) key landscape panerns and features critical Lo the park's
iverpretive mundate, The purpose of this repurt is to interpret the role of the
Thudson’s Bay Company (HBC) in the development of the Pacific Northwest
resulting in an understanding of the cultural landscape of the HBC occupation &
the principle development period, 1829-1844/46,

Design Developinent is based on the identification of significant cultural landscape
resources resulting in general recommendations und tee phases of iniplementation.
The bistoric charactor-defining features of the sile include the response to natural
features, overall organization of the site, circulation, land use and activities,
yegelation, structures, cluster arrangements and sinall-scale features. Seven
character areas are defined by the historic Janel use patterns, the physivgraphic
qualities of the landsvape, the historical cultural landscape resources ancl visual
character. The character areas include the administrative are
industria) area, residential areu, servieeveivi riparian area and cemete!

Management Zones are ancas of spnilar hsstorical significance, degree of sile
disturbance or impact. ownership and management boundaries, and consistent land
uses, Five management zones ite designated in order to identity and establish
appropriate types of preservation (eatment for the Fort Vancouver landscape,

Design recommendations end a plan for manageinent of the cultural landscape is
based on the analysis and evalustian, existing park planing documents, and the
programmatic and operational requirements of the park. Overull design eriteria
are summnasized and general design recommendations given for six program areas?
NrMagement concepts, interpretation. circulation, structures, vegetation, and small-
scale features. The final landscape plan includes detailed recommendations for
cach of the three phases of implementation, Plan drawings are included for cach
phase,

Golden Gate National Recreation Area {CA}

Baron, Kristin L. The Presidio of San Hrancisco: Au Architectural History.
Golden Gote National Recreation Avea, Seattle: USI, NPS. 1998. 16 pp.
T 641/1-370

Golden Gate National Recreation Area, established in 1972 with over 73,040 acres,
encompasses shoreline arcu of San frunciseo. Marin, und San Mateo Counties,
Califoruia, and inchides a variety of resources such as ocean beaches, redwood
forests, lagoons, marshes, Kort Mason, Alcatraz Island, and military properties

ANNOTATED BigLiosRaPHY

ACIFI

West REGION

269



Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site (GA)

Lawliss, Lucy A. Martin Lather Kine Je National Historic ¢ Cultural
Landscape Report: Birth-Home Block. Atlanta: USDI, NPS, Southeast
Regivnal Office und Georgia State University, Culurat Resources Planning
Division. 1995. 202+ pp. (Annotaied!

B: 017254

T: 489/D-23

Natchez National Historical Park (MS)

Aon Beha Associates, lan Firth, ant Suzanne Turner, Melrose Estate. Natchez

National Historical Park, Natchez, Mississippi: Cultural Landscape
Report, Adlanta: USD, NPS. 1996, 24) pp.
B: O1779

Ocmulgee National Monument (GA)

Froeschaues, Peggy. A Vegetation History of Ocmulgee National Moment,
Macon. GA. CPSU Teelnical Repary No. 54. Atlanta: USDL NPS,

Southeast Regional Office, School of Envieunmental Design, University of,
Georgiu. (989

B: 017269
‘T: 363/D-24

San Juan National Historic Site {PR}

Crisson, Richard (2, Robert Holzheimer and Marjorie Sinith. Crdaral

Landscape Report: Et Castile de San telipe Del Morro, Atlama: USDL
NPS. 1991, 84 pp. (Antorateds
B: OFSSS0

Shiloh National Military Park (TN)

Mattison, Ray LW. The Veyetative Cover of the Horuets’ Nest Area Daring the
Bartle of Shilton, Atlanta; USDI, NPS, (948. SL pp.
B: 002791

National Park Service, Shifok National Military Park, Poach Orckerd. Atlanta:
USDI, NPS.
B: 017493

Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site (AL}

National Park Service. Morton Field/Tuskeece Airmen: Special Resource Study.

Ailanta; USDI. NPS, Souitieasi Regional Office. 1998. 259 pp.
fAnnotated)

Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site (AL)

Wiliams-Russell and Assoviates and Edward b.. Pryce, RLA. Tieskegee Sustitute
Historie Landscape Report templiasicing dle Oaks, Carver’ Musewn und

Grey Columns), Attanta; USD], NPS. 1979. 49 pp
T: 450/-4

Comprenensive BIBLIOGRAPHY

8&7

UTHEAST



National Capital Parks - Centra’. Washington Monument and the National Mall looking East. (NPS, ad j

28 Cuttural Lanoscarc BisuiocrarHy: Resources in THE Nationar Park SysTeta