# Brine	Transfer	Line	Integrity: Temporary	&	permanent	line	installa6on	&	tes6ng alterna6ves Eddy	Biehl,	CEO Stonebridge	Opera6ng	Co.,	LLC

# Transfer	Lines	Applica6ons

• Pad-to-Pad

• Storage	(Impoundment)	to	Pad

• Pad	to	Treatment/Disposal

• Disposal	&	Treatment	Facility	Lines

# Types	of	Brine	Transfer	Lines

• Temporary	Lines

– Lay	Flat

– Poly	Pipe



# • Semi-Permanent	&	Permanent

– HDPE	or	other	plas6c

– Steel

– Fiberglass

## • Temporary	Water	Transfer	Lines

– Process	&	procedure	dominate	current	methods

• Con6nuous	metering	of	volume	input	&	output

• Regular	sta6c	pressure	tes6ng	throughout	the	job

• Con6nuous	monitoring	&	patrol	of	lines,	pumps	&	facility

• Double-wall	systems	are	in	development



### – Key	Elements	for	Success

• Fluid	Compa6bility	with	pipe,	pumps,	manifolds	&	other equipment

• Use	of	temporary	containment	systems	at	connec6ons

• Standard	procedures	(wriSen	SOPs)	for	each	method

• Training,	training,	training 

# Integrity	Monitoring

## • Permanent	&	Semi-Permanent	Lines

– Construc6on	design	dominates	current	methods

• Corrosion	is	a	key	issue

• Lined	steel,	fiberglass,	poly-pipe	&	reinforced	poly-pipe	are op6ons

• Double-wall	or	containment	piping	is	an	emerging	standard



### – Design	Considera6ons

• Fluid	composi6on	&	proper6es,	now	&	through	6me

• Pressure	&	volume	requirements	(reinforced	poly	limited	in	size)



### – Key	Elements	for	Success

• Stabilize	or	treat	fluid	at	input	to	system

• Standard	procedures	(wriSen	SOPs)	for	each	method 

# Integrity	Monitoring

### Our	Experience: HDPE	Containment	Piping,	Reinforced	Poly-Pipe	Transfer	Lines Advantages

• Readily	available	crews	(&	lower	cost)	for	installa6on	of	HDPE

• Compe66ve	pricing	on	reinforced	poly

• Familiar	to	regulators	&	crews Disadvantages

• Limited	sizes	available	for	reinforced	poly-pipe 

# Double-Wall	Systems

### Experience	as	contractor,	not	operator,	includes	two	systems: Pressured	Air

• Difficult	to	seal	system

• Requires	air	compressor

• Tolerances	are	difficult	to	measure	&	monitor 

### Unpressurized	Fluid	Detec6on

• U6lized	lined	concrete	pull	boxes	as	monitoring	sumps

• Simple	float	sensors	to	detect	fluid	level

• Requires	tes6ng	&	monitoring	of	boxes

• Power	&	data	communica6ons	can	be	supplied	with	parallel	conduit 

# Double-Wall	System	Integrity	Monitoring

# 2016	Oil	&	Gas	Bust How	do	we	get	out	of	this	place	&	what	is	on	the other	side? Is	this	a	replay	of	1986,	1999	or	2008? Or	is	it	something	altogether	different?Working	gas	in	storage	was	2,493 Bcf as	of	Friday,	March	18,	2016,	according	to	EIA	es6mates.	This represents	a	net	increase	of	15 Bcf from	the	previous	week.	Stocks	were	1,017 Bcf higher	than	last	year at	this	6me	and	846 Bcf above	the	five-year	average	of	1,647 Bcf .	At	2,493 Bcf ,	total	working	gas	is	above the	five-year	historical	range. 

### A	warm	winter	&	brim	full	storage	is	a	near	term	problem

### 2016	is	different	than	1986	because	of	increasing	NG	demand

### Primarily	because	of	this...and	it	is	only	going	to	get	beSerMost	analysts	think	it	takes	around	800	rigs	to	meet	long	term	demand.Rotary Rig Report As reported to IADC by Baker Hughes Rotary Rigs Actually Making Hole For the week ending 25 March 2016
Country This Week Last Week Last Month Last Year
United States 464 476 502 1048

Canada 55 69 175 120 International Rotary Rigs Running Monthly Average for February 2016
Region Current Month Change From Previous Month Europe 107
- 1 Middle East 404
- 3

Africa 88
- 6 Latin America 237
- 6 Asia Pacific 182
- 11 Each	week	we	set	new	record lows	for	the	number	of	rigs working. Drilling	efficiency	cannot make	up	for	no	rigs	turning	to the	right...

### How	do	otherwise	smart(?)	analysts	miss	the	idea: we	don’t	drill	holes	for	fun??? 

### No	rigs	=	No	wells	=	Falling	Produc3on	(eventually)

### NG	Prices	are	poised	for	a	recovery....but	it	may	be	next	yearThe	Appalachian	Basin	is	the	primary	source	of	the	oversupply	of	NG-U6caAnd	especially	the	Marcellus	are	a	huge	new	resource,	drowning	the	market...But	ul6mately	the	big	beneficiaries	of	increasing	NG	demand	over	the	long	termEIA	Projects	a	25%	increase	in	annual	NG	produc6on	over	the	next	25	years ...nearly	all	from	shale.	That	implies	800+	NG	rigs,	up	from	less	than	200	today

# So	where	do	we	end	up?

• More	like	the	50’s	&	60’s	than	the	80’s	&	90’s

• Huge	new	resource	&	technology	to	exploit	it



### • Rela6ve	Price	Stability	with	Growing	Demand

• Increasing	market	share	for	the	northeast

• Resource	base	&	proximity	to	markets



### • Not	a	boom	but	a	business	similar	in	size	to the	2012	to	2014	era	for	the	foreseeable future

# Other	resources	on	Oilfield	History
Two	Books	Everyone	Should	Read:



## • The	Prize: The	Epic	Quest	for	Oil, Money	&	Power By:		Daniel Yergin



## • The	Great	WildcaSer The	Story	of	Mike Benedum By:		Sam Mallison • Oil	and	Gas	Museum		Parkersburg	WV

• American	Petroleum	Ins6tute	-	Petroleum Museums
• Drake	Well	Museum

• The	Early	Petroleum	History	Index

• Gas	Maps	Plus

• Independent	Oil	&	Gas	Associa6on

• Interstate	Oil	&	Gas	Compact	Commission	- Museums	Dedicated	to	the	History	of	Oil	& Gas
• Oil	History	Central	-	Petroleum	&	Natural	Gas

• Oil	History	by	Samuel	T.	Pees

• Oil	&	Gas	Museums	and	Restored	Gas Sta6ons
• Oil	Well	History	Resources	-	by	Bill Tremel

• The	Petroleum	Museum,	Midland,	Texas

• Steam	and	Gas	Compressor	Sta6ons	in Weston	and	Grantsville,	West	Virginia These	links	can	be	found	at	oilandgasmuseum.com