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NBSIR 74-574

NBSLD, Computer Program for

Heating and Cooling Loads in

Buildings

T. Kusuda

Center for Building Technology

Institute for Applied Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

November 1974

Final Report

Prepared for Housing and Urban Development

451 7th Street, S. W.

Washington, D. C. 20410

NBSIR 74-574

NBSLD, COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR

HEATING AND COOLING LOADS IN BUILDINGS

T. Kusuda

Center for Building Technology

Institute for Applied Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

November 1974

Final Report

This report will be published in May 1975 as a National Bureau of Standards Building Science Series

Publication.

Prepared for Housing and Urban Development

451 7th Street, S. W. Washington, D. C. 20410

.Hi «' r

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. Frederick B. Dent. Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Richard W. Roberts. Director

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NBSLD

Computer Program for Heating and Cooling Loads in Buildings

National Bureau of Standards

Tamami Kusuda

Thermal Engineering Systems Section

Building Environment Division

Center for Building Technology

Institute for Applied Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Preface

This document comprises the engineering manual for the computer program called the National Bureau of Standards Load Determination Program

hereafter referred to as NBSLD. Presented herein are the algorithms for

the exact calculation methodology that was developed in the Thermal Engineering Systems Section of the National Bureau of Standards to determine

accurate heating and cooling loads for the thermal design of buildings.

NBSLD, which is based upon the methodologies presented in this publication, has been available for some time for the purpose of evaluating various building constructions and systems. The program was originally developed as a research tool because none of the commercially available programs

had features or the sophistication to enable the evaluation of unconventional designs. NBSLD has been an indispensable tool for studies of numerous HUD housing systems, constructions of the Defense Department and

the General Services Administration where non-conventional design conditions had to be evaluated.

As the existence and the capability of NBSLD became known, numerous

requests were made to NBS to release the program for public use. This

publication is in response to that request. Hopefully, engineers will

be able to adopt some of the computational schemes described in this publication to their own programs. A complete Fortran program is attached,

although NBS does not claim that the program is optimum from the standpoint

of the computer memory allocation or computational economy. It will take

additional improvements before the program becomes optimum from those viewpoints. The program documentation is being made available at this time so

i
engineers can use it for accurate load determination as they seek to conserve energy through improved thermal design of buildings. The author

would appreciate receiving reader's comments with respect to the accuracy

of this text.

It should be mentioned that some of the subroutine algorithms listed

in this publication have already been published in the well known ASHRAE

booklet entitled "Procedure for Determining Heating and Cooling Loads for

Computerized Energy Calculations". These subroutines were compiled by the

author who served as the chairman of the Subcommittee on Heating and Cooling Load Calculations of the ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements for

Heating and Cooling of Buildings. The ASHRAE publication, however, contains several critical errors, which have been corrected for use in this

volume.

The author is greatly indebted to Dr. J. E. Hill for this thorough

editing of the text, to Mrs. Sharon D. Crampton for her skill and patience

in typing the manuscript and to Mr. F. J. Powell for his encouragement to

produce the document.

ii
Table of Contents

Page

1. Introduction 1

2. Fundamentals of Heating and Cooling Load Calculation ... 3

2.1 A Rigorous Method of Calculating Heating and Cooling

Loads . 5

2 .2 Approximate Methods of Calculating Heating and Cooling

Loads 9

3. Unique Features of NBS Load Calculation Computer Program . . 15

4. General Description of NBSLD Subroutines 22

5. NBSLD Logic Diagram 31

6. References 33

7. Appendix A - ASHRAE Task Group Subroutine Algorithms

CLIMAT - Weather data processing la

SUN - Basic solar position data 6a

CCF - Cloud cover factor 15a

SOLAD - Solar radiation intensity 18a

TAR - Glass transmission and absorption 22a

SHG - Solar heat gain through a window 2 9a

SHADOW - Sunlit area calculations 31a

FIJ - Radiation heat transfer exchange factors 48a

FI - Interior surface heat transfer coefficients 64a

FO - Outside surface heat transfer coefficients 65a

ACR - Air cavity heat transfer coefficients 68a

XYZ - Conduction transfer functions . 71a

HEATW - Heat conduction through exposed surfaces 7 9a

SCHEDULE - Internal heat generation 86a

Fundamentals of Room Temperature and Cooling (Heating)

Load Calculations 89a

RMTMP - Exact room load calculation 94a

ATTIC - Exact attic temperature calculation 108a

IHG - Instantaneous heat gain concept 109a

HLC - Heating /coo ling load calculation by the transfer

function method 115a

RMRT - Transfer functions for the room temperature calculations 122 a HEXT - Heat extraction rate calculation 128a

INFIL - Building air exchange calculation 12 9a

iii
Miscellaneous routines

DST - Daylight saving time indicator

WKDAY - Day of week identifier . . . HOLDAY - U. S. Holiday identifier . PSY - Psychrometric calculations . .

8. Appendix B - Weighting Factor Method for Calculating Heating

and Cooling Loads and Space Temperature

9. Appendix C - NBSLD Data Forms

10. Appendix D - NBSLD Fortran Listing

11. ASHEIAE Psychrometric Chart

144a

145a

149a

150a

iv
NBSLD

National Bureau of Standards Heating and Cooling

Load Determination Program

T. Kusuda

Thermal Engineering Systems Section

Building Environment Division

Center for Building Technology, lAT

ABSTRACT

A comprehensive computer program called NBSLD, the National Bureau

of Standards Load Determination program, has been developed at NBS to reflect the time change of the many building parameters which are pertinent

to accurate estimation of energy usage for heating and cooling. Current

status of heating and cooling load techniques is reviewed. Of general

interest are unique features of NBSLD which are not available in existing

computer programs. A summary of various subroutines of NBSLD is given

along with the detailed procedures for them. These subroutines constitute

the recommended subroutine algorithms of the ASHRAE Task Group on Energy

Requirements. Complete Fortran listing of NBSLD and data preparation

forms are given for those who wish to use the program. The NBSLD computation is on the basis of the detailed solution of simultaneous heat balance equations at all the interior surfaces of a room or space. Transient

heat conduction through exterior walls and the interior structures is handled by using conduction transfer functions. The use of heat balance equations, although time consuming in calculation, can avoid the vagueness and

uncertainties inherent in the more popularly used weighting factor approach.
In addition, it is more accurate for a specific building design.

Key Words: ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements;

conduction transfer functions; heating and

cooling load; National Bureau of Standards

1 Heating and Cooling Load Computer Program

vi
1. Introduction

Numerous studies in recent years on the matter of energy shortage

lead one to believe that the U. S. demand for energy will very shortly

outstrip her power generating capacity and fossil fuel supply. According to a recent report of the Stanford Research Institute—^, space heating and cooling for residential and commercial buildings amounts to approximately 2 0% of the total energy consumed in the United States, which

was 60 trillion Btu per year in 1968. Moreover, recent and frequent blackouts and brownouts in the east coast region of the United States are good

indications that the electric power demand for summer air conditioning

exceeds for certain times, the capability of supply and distribution by

the power companies.

It is in this context that new and accurate methodology for energy

calculations is most crucial for the design and analysis of the performance of space heating and cooling systems. This is especially true in

view of the fact that the current load calculation procedures could lead

to the over-design of heating and cooling equipment and imprudent use of

energy.

It is generally accepted that buildings can be designed to be energy

effective if their thermal insulation is increased; window size, air leakage, and lighting levels decreased; shading devices properly installed;

heating and cooling systems adequately designed, installed, and maintained;

and their heat storage capability most fully utilized. These energy saving features, however, must be considered with reference to numerous constraints, such as added costs for material, construction and maintenance,
conformance to local building codes, occupancy life styles, aesthetics,

construction practices, and availability of equipment.

In spite of these constraints, there is sufficient engineering information and technical basis that exist today to warrant extensive studies

on various design alternatives for heating and cooling the building to

minimize the wasteful use of energy. Design and operation of heating

and cooling systems based upon conventional steady-state calculations,

for example, usually result in oversizing of equipment and overheating

or cooling of the space to be controlled. An over-design system usually

operates at lower efficiency and needs more material (consequently more

energy) to produce it, thus creating a vicious cycle.

One effective way to design the heating and cooling systems which

is optimum from the standpoint of energy consumption, peak power demand

and many practical constraints mentioned above, is to study the building

thermal performance by using accurate simulations. Because the use of

computer simulations make it possible to evaluate the sensitivity of various design alternatives on the net energy usage, they can be a very effective tool in the design process. In order for such design studies to

be conducted on the computer however, the computer program to be used

should be very comprehensive and should indicate the proper response to

the change of the many parameters which are pertinent to energy usage.

The intent of this document is to present a more detailed calculation

methodology than is generally used to make it possible for engineers to

reduce the area of approximation, where this is considered desirable, by

a rigorous computer simulation of building systems, which consider and

take into account most of the variables that affect the building and

2
system operation.

Refined and sophisticated calculation procedures unfortunately are

both time consuming and expensive. Without the use of advanced computer

methods, they are literally impossible. The development of such calculation procedures can only be justified on the basis that the more accurate

calculation will result in overall savings in energy usage and owning and

operating costs and consequently in total life cycle cost due to better

design of the building systems, more precise sizing of the equipment, and

more carefully controlled operation of the heating and cooling system.

There are many indications that such a justification is well warranted.

2. Fundamentals of Heating and Cooling Load Calculation

Calculation of the energy requirements of the heating and cooling

system of a building involves three major steps which may be carried out

simply to achieve approximate results, or with increasing degrees of complexity and sophistication as more accurate and more refined determination

of system performance is required. First, is the calculation of heat loss

or heat gain to the space which is heated or cooled. Second, is the determination of the heating and cooling load imposed on the system. Third,

is the calculation of the energy input to all of the system components to

satisfy that load.

2/ The ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals— contains the basic information

whereby the heating and cooling load of a building may be calculated. Cus

tomarily such load calculations are made for the so-called "design conditions" for sizing the equipment and developing the design of the heating

and cooling system. However, the "design conditions" normally exist only

• 3
for a very few hours, if at all, during a heating or cooling season. Consequently, the actual day-by-day and hour-by-hour heating and cooling load

for energy consumption is quite different from that for the design condition. Thus the heating and cooling load calculation for the purpose of

estimating "energy requirements" must reflect the actual weather conditions rather than a design condition.

Various methods have been developed in the past such as the "degree

day" method or "bin" method for proportioning the design load, to obtain

approximate monthly, daily, or hourly loads and consequently provide a

basis for determining energy requirements. Insofar as such methods are

based on valid approximation procedures and checked against actual operating experience, they provide the base for simplified determination of energy requirements acceptable for the needs of most engineers.

In this section a review of the rigorous methods of calculating heating and cooling loads by means of solving heat balance equations at all

the interior surfaces of a room or space is given. Also described are

approximate methods in which weighting factors are developed after the

heat balance equations have been solved for one set of conditions. The

NBSLD calculations follow the rigorous method while the ASHRAE Task Group

procedures use the weighting factor method.

In NBSLD the transient heat conduction through exterior walls of the

room or space is handled by using conduction transfer functions. The use

of heat balance equations at the interior surfaces, although more time

consuming, can avoid the vagueness and uncertainties inherent in the

weighting factor approach. In addition, it is more accurate for a specific building design.
2.1 A Rigorous Method of Calculating Heating and Cooling Loads

A cooling (heating) load is of course the amount of energy that is

transferred to (from) the room and simultaneously removed (added) by the

conditioning equipment at any given time of interest. To calculate this

quantity directly requires a rather laborious solution of energy balance

eqviations involving ihe room air, surrounding walls, infiltrating and

ventilation air, and internal energy sources. The principle of calculation can be demonstrated by considering a fictitious space that is enclosed by 4 walls, a ceiling and floor, and having infiltration air as

well as normal internal energy sources. The six equations that govern

energy exchange at each inside surface at a given time t are:

m

q. = h . (t - t. ) + 2 g. . (t . - t. ) + RS. + RL. + RE.

^i,t ci a,t i»t j=l

for i=l, 2, 3,4, 5, 6

where

m = ntimber of surfaces in the space

q, = rate of heat conducted into surface i at the inside

surface at time t

h , = convective heat transfer coefficient at interior

ci. surface i

g. . = radiation heat transfer factor between interior

surface i and interior surface j

t = inside air temperature at time t a.t

5
~ average temperature of interior surface i at time t 1 ,t

t. = average temperature of interior surface j at time t J >^ RS. = rate of solar energy coming through the windows and

1 , t

^ , absorbed by surface i at time t

RL. = rate of heat radiated from the lights and absorbed

3-,t by surface i at time t

RE, = rate of heat radiated from equipment and occupants

1 >t

, . and absorbed by surface i at time t

The equations governing conduction within the six slabs cannot be solved

independent of the above equations since the energy exchanges occurring

within the room affect the inside surface conditions which in turn affect

the internal conduction. Consequently, one is faced with solving six equations simultaneously with the governing equations of conduction within six

slabs in order to calculate the cooling load at time of interest (Q )

which would be given by:

6

Q, = S h . (t. - t ) + p C (t - t ) L,t ci i,t a,t ^ L,t ^ o,t a»t

+ p C G (t - t ) + RS + RL + RE

v,^ v,t a,^ a,^ a,^ a,^

where

p = air density

C = air specific heat

G_ = mass flow rate of outdoor air infiltrating into the

L,t

space at time t

t = outdoor air temperature at time t o ,t

6
G mass rate of flow of ventilation air at time t v,t

t v,t

ventilation air temperature at time t

RS

a,t

rate of solar heat coming through the windows and

convected into the room air at time t

RL

a,t

rate of heat from the lights convected into the room

air at time t

RE rate of heat from equipment and occupants and convected

into the room air at time t

A rigorous approach such as this for calculating cooling load would be

practically impossible if it were not for the speed at which such computations can be done by modern digital computers. Even so, there are

very few computer programs in use today where instantaneous cooling loads

are calculated in this exact manner. The concept, however, has been pre3/ 4/ sented previously by Stephenson and Mitalas" , and by Buchberg" .

Not to be ignored is the effect of air temperature deviation from

some prescribed set point. This set point is the temperature for which

the cooling (heating) load calculation is made and for which the design

capacity of the cooling (heating) apparatus is usually selected. A recent study by Mitalas and Stephenson—'' shows that actual heat extracted

from the space is considerably smaller than the cooling load calculated

on the basis of a constant space temperature. This is due to the thermal

storage effect of the building structure and internal furnishings. Figure 1 shows a result from that study and as can be seen, the calculated

cooling load peaks at values considerably higher than the measured heat

extraction rate.

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8
2.2 Approximate Methods of Calculating Heating and Cooling Loads

Since the exact solution technique is extremely time consuming especially for the calculations done for a period of 8760 hours (one year),

the ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements recommends a transfer function concept to simplify the calculation procedure. The transfer func3/ tion concept was first introduced by Mitalas and Stephenson— using what

they called room thermal response factors. Their procedure is as follows

the room surface temperatures and cooling or heating load are first calculated by a rigorous method as described in the previous section for sev

eral typical constructions representing offices, schools and dwellings of

heavy, medium and lightweight construction. In these calculations, the

components such as solar heat gain, conduction heat gain, or the heat

gain from the lighting, equipment, and occupants are simulated by pulses

of unit strength. The transfer functions are then calculated as numerical constants which represent the cooling load (or heating) corresponding

to the input excitation pulses. Once these transfer functions are determined for a number of typical constructions, they are assumed to be independent of input pulses and the determination of cooling loads (or heat

ing) is possible without resorting to the rigorous calculations. The cal

culation required is, instead, simple multiplication of the transfer func

tions by a time-series representation of heat gain and the subsequent sum

mation of these products, which can be carried out on a small computer

with little effort.

9
Another way to shorten the computational effort for energy calculations is to determine regression parameters by fitting a simple algebraic

equation to the results of rigorous calculations, which had been obtained

not for an entire year but for a limited period in the year, such as for

the months of January and/or July. Once this regression equation is determined with sufficient accuracy, an energy estimate is made by superimposing the weather conditions of the other months onto the relationships

just determined.

An example of this approach is illustrated in Figure 2, which depicts

the daily total heating and cooling load plotted against the daily average

outdoor air temperature. This plot is a result of a lengthy rigorous calculation performed on a typical apartment in Jersey City using the annual

hourly weather conditions that occurred in 1949. The straight lines super

imposed on the figures were the least square regression lines that best

fit the calculated loads for January and July. It was clear from this

figure that the exact calculations for other months would not be necessary

at least for the purpose of determining daily loads, since the regression

relationship determined from the January and July calculations were sufficiently accurate that they could be extrapolated to the remainder of

the year.

Depending upon the type of building and its heating and cooling system, a good correlation such as illustrated in Figure 2 may not be possible. Figure 3 shows, for example, a similar plot for a test office building whose heating and cooling load were measured in a research project

10


conducted by Ohio State University. The scatter appears considerably

larger than the calculated relationship obtained in the Jersey City study.

It is obvious that the thermal performance of commercial buildings are affected in a large way by the manner in which internal heat is generated in

addition to the normal dependence on outdoor temperature. The inclusion

of one or more additional statistical parameters dealing with these internal heat gains should improve the correlation.

Recently one additional method of predicting the heating and/or cooling load or the indoor temperature as a result of the excitation parameters

such as outdoor temperature, solar radiation and internal heat generation

6 / has been demonstrated by Kusuda and Tsuchiya— and further expanded by

Kimura and Ishino—^. The method uses the concept of equivalent thermal

mass of a building and attempts to fit the observed input and output data

into a linear differential equation. The initial results are promising.

Figure 4 shows a comparison of predicted and measured room temperature

and heat extraction rate for a simple one room test building studied by

Kimura and Ishino

.

Calculated room temperature in Figure 4 is obtained by the transfer

functions derived from the measured data of August 19, while the heat extraction was calculated by the transfer functions derived from the measured values of August 13. The good agreement indicated in Figure 4 implies that the detailed calculation is needed only for a limited number

of days to derive accurate transfer functions based upon the equivalent

thermal mass of the particular building under consideration.

Private communication with Professor C. F. Sepsey and J. Jones of the

Ohio State University.

13
14
3. Unique Features of NBS Load Calculation Computer Program

A comprehensive yet easy-to-use computer program for determining

heating and cooling loads has been developed in the Thermal Engineering Systems Section of the Center for Building Technology at the National Bureau of Standards. This computer program is based upon extensive information accumulated over the past decades in various phases

of building heat transfer problems, and is intended to be used for the

design of equipment and air conditioning systems as well as for estimates of building energy requirements.

The major reason why NBS developed this comprehensive program is

that despite the existence of numerous load calculation programs currently available, most of them are not suitable for the analysis of

building designs where non-conventional or innovative ideas on structures, heating and cooling systems and controls are employed. Some of

the unique aspects of building and system design and operation that can

be handled by or studied by using NBSLD are:

1. Inside-out construction of exterior walls where the

thermal insulation is placed on the outside of the

building shell as opposed to conventional walls having insulation on the inside. (These two walls could

have the same U-value and yet their thermal response

would be quite different.)

2. Effect of interior partition walls or floor-ceiling

sandwich structures on the heat storage characteristics of the room,

15
Off-peak heating or cooling of buildings to shave the peak

heating or cooling demand.

Evaluation of intentionally undersized heating and cooling

eg uipment by calculating the room temperature and humidity

deviations from a design setpoint. (The results would indicate whether or not the indoor conditions would remain

within acceptable limits.)

Evaluation of indoor thermal environment of various zones

during the intermediate season, such as spring and autumn,

when the heating or cooling requirements for these zones

may not be in phase with that of the building as a whole.

(This would apply to a case where a two-pipe system would

be installed for example. The central system for the entire building might be switched to heating in late autumn

and yet some zones, particularly those facing south may

still require cooling. NBSLD can be used to determine

the indoor thermal conditions of unheated or uncooled

rooms.)

Use of solar energy for heating and cooling buildings as

it relates to the thermal storage characteristics of the

building.

Use of attic ventilation to reduce the cooling load since

NBSLD can accurately predict attic temperatures.

Accurate determination of the need for heating and air conditioning in basement rooms .

16
9. Design of heating and cooling systems and equipment on the

basis of intermittent operation , such as the shutdown of

air conditioning facilities during the nighttime or weekends,

10. Effective use of natural air conditioning such as ventilation, shading, increased ceiling insulation and the subsequent determination of the requirements for mechanical

cooling

,

11. Effective use of planned ventilation to minimize a building heating load during the winter season,

12. Accurate evaluation of indoor comfort conditions based

upon air temperature, humidity and mean-radiant temperature ,

13. Determination of the condition whereby moisture condensation takes place along interior surfaces of a building , and

14. The effect of interior furnishings of various simple

shapes upon the heating and cooling loads.

Figure 5 depicts an overall calculation sequence to attain the hour

by hour heating and cooling load of buildings. Shown in the double lined

boxes are input data to be supplied whereas those in single lined boxes

indicate calculations to be performed. The cycle indicators show the

iteration cycles for the number of buildings, the number of rooms in a

given building and the number of days for which the calculations are performed. More specific identification of the types of input data needed

17
INTERNAL LOAD AND OPERATING SCHEDULE

building cycle

room cycle

day cycle

hour cycle

WALLS, ROOF AND FLOOR DATA

CONDUCTION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS

BUILDING DATA

ROOF SURFACE DATA

INTERIOR SURFACE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS

INTERIOR SURFACE RADIATION EXCHANGE FACTORS

WEATHER DATA

HOLIDAY, WEEKENDS DETERMINATION

DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME INDICATOR

CLOUDLESS SKY SOLAR RADIATION

SUN-LIT AREA DETERMINATION

CLOUD COVER MODIFICATION

ON SOLAR HEAT GAIN AND SOLAR INTENSITY

AIR INFILTRATION

OUTSIDE SURFACE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

OUTSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND HEAT FLOW

ATTIC TEMPERATURE

INSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND HEAT FLOW

COOLING LOAD OR THE ROOM TEMPERATURE

OUTPUT TABLE

I

|_jrj2TM_S]MUL_ATI0N

Figure 5 Calculation Sequence of NBSLD

I - _J

18
INPUT - OPERATING DATA

ELECTRIC POWER TO LIGHTS, WATTS PER SQUARE FOOT OF FLOOR

(QLITY)

HOUR BY HOUR LIGHTING SCHEDULE (QLITX)

ELECTRIC POWER TO EQUIPMENT, WATTS PER SQUARE FOOT OF

FLOOR (QEQPX)

HOUR BY HOUR EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE (QEQUX)

SUPPLY AIR RATE (CFMS)

AIR LEAKAGE RATE (CFML)

SUPPLY AIR TEMPERATURE (TS)

Figure 6

19
INPUT - BUILDING DATA

ROOM NUMBER (ROOMNO)

CEILING HEIGHT (H)

ROOM LENGTH (L)

ROOM WIDTH (W)

NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS (QCU)

OCCUPANT SCHEDULE (QOCUP)

WINTER WINDOW OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (UGLAS)

GROUND FLOOR HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (UG)

SUMMER INFILTRATION, AIR CHANGES PER HOUR (ARCHGS)

WINTER INFILTRATION, AIR CHANGES PER HOUR (ARCHGW)

TYPE OF HEAT TRANSFER EXPOSURES (ITYPE)

-ROOFS -WALLS -WINDOWS -DOORS -FLOORS

TYPE OF RESPONSE FACTORS TO BE USED (IRF)

-HEAVY/LIGHT: ROOF, EXTERIOR WALLS, CEILING/FLOOR

PARTITION

U VALUE OF THE EXPOSURE (U) (ONLY WHEN RESPONSE FACTOR

IS NOT CALCULATED)

AREA OF THE EXPOSURE (A)

ORIENTATION OF THE EXPOSURE (AZW) -N,E,S,W (ONLY FOR

EXTERNALLY EXPOSED SURFACES)

WINDOW SHADING COEFFICIENT (SHADE)

SOLAR HEAT ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT FOR THE EXTERIOR SURFACE

(ABSP

)

TIME INCREMENT OF TEMPERATURE DATA USED

PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS - THICKNESS - THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY - DENSITY - SPECIFIC HEAT

NUMBER OF SURFACES IN EACH WALL (NS ,NW ,NN ,NE)

Figure 7

20
INPUT - WEATHER DATA

° LATITUDE (LAT)

° LONGITUDE (LONG)

° TIME ZONE NUMBER (TZN)

° MONTH (MONTH)

° DAY (DAY)

° ELAPSED DAYS SINCE JANUARY I (ELAPS)

° MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OF THE DESIGN DAY (DBMAX)

° DAILY TEMPERATURE RANGE OF THE DESIGN DAY (RAI^GE)

° DESIGN INDOOR TEMPERATURE CONDITION (DBIN)

° DESIGN OUTDOOR WET-BULB TEMPERATURE (WBMAX)

° DESIGN INDOOR WET-BULB TEMPERATURE (WBID)

° DESIGN WINTER OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE (DBMWT)

° DESIGN SUMMER GROUND TEMPERATURE (TG)

° DESIGN WINTER GROUND TEMPERATURE (TGW)

Figure 8

21
are listed in Figures 6, 7 and 8. The exact way the input data is put

into the program is specified in Appendix C.

4. General Description of NBSLD Subroutines

In order to perform the chain of calculations depicted in Figure 5

a number of subroutines were developed at the National Bureau of Standards, the algorithms of which have already been published through the

ASHRAE Task Group booklet entitled "Procedure for Determining Heating

and Cooling Loads for the Computerized Energy Calculations". This book

let, however, contained several errors which have been corrected and is

attached to this report as Appendix A. NBSLD incorporates most of the

revised ASHRAE algorithms as they are written; however, some of them

have been combined or split to fit the overall computational scheme in

NBSLD. Listed below is a brief description of the NBSLD subroutines

with their specific reference to the ASHRAE algorithms in parentheses.

1. ABCD, ABCDP, ABCD2 , ABCDP2 , DERVT , GPF, MULT, RESF,

RESFX, RESPTK: These routines are parts of the conduction transfer functions calculation package and

are needed for the accurate evaluation of thermal

time lag, damping, heat storage in exterior facing

surfaces as well as the internal furnishings. (XYZ)

2. AIRCON: This routine is used to determine instantaneous values of the physiological indices for the space

being studied such as ASHRAE 's New Effective Temperature, Predicted Mean Vote (Fanger), Heat Stress Index,

KSU Index, Resultant Temperature, Operative Tempera22
ture, and Index of Thermal Stress (Givoni). - not included in the text

3. ATTIC: Attic space temperature and heat conduction

through the ceiling into the room below are calculated

by this routine for the vented or non-vented attics.

(ATTIC)

4. CCM: This routine modifies the solar radiation computed for a cloudless sky by instantaneous cloud cover

data. (CCF)

5. DPF : This routine calculates dew point temperature of

atmospheric air when the partial vapor pressure is known.

(PSY)

6. DST : This routine determines whether a given data is in

a daylight saving time zone. The information is needed

for the proper assignment of the energy usage schedule.

(DST)

7. FCTR: This routine determines radiation exchange factors

between any two surfaces which are part of a given room.

For the room of six interior surfaces, for example, thirty

radiation exchange factors are calculated. These factors

are used in turn to determine the rate of heat exchange

by radiation between all the interior surfaces. (FIJ)

8. F: This routine calculates radiation heat exchange factors (form factors) between two adjacent rectangular surfaces which are normal to each other, such as that between the floor and wall. (FIJ)
9. FO : This routine calculates the surface heat transfer coefficients for externally exposed surfaces from weather

data. (FO)

10. GLASS: This routine calculates solar heat gain through

glass when the shading coefficient, orientation, and type

of glass are given. (SHG)

11. HOLDAY: This routine identifies the national holidays in

the United States so that the proper holiday schedule can

be used for the energy calculation. (HOLIDAY)

12. OUTSID: This routine calculates the outside surface temperature and heat gain into the wall or roof by taking

into account solar heating, back radiation to the sky,

convective heat loss to the ambient air and transient

heat conduction within the wall or roof. (HEATW)

13. PSYl : This is a psychrometric routine that determines

the thermodynamic properties of moist air when the drybulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature and barometric

pressures are given. (PSY)

14. PSY2 : This routine is similar to PSYl except that the

dew point temperature is required instead of the wetbulb temperature. (PSY)

15. PVSF: This routine determines the saturated vapor pressure of atmospheric air as a function of temperature.

(PSY) , , ; :;

. '. =. - -

24
16. RMIMP : This is the single most important subroutine of

NBSLD since it determines the room temperature by solving matrix equations expressing a balance of heat gains,

heat storage at the room surfaces, and cooling capacity

of an air conditioning unit. However, the room temperature can be prescribed, in which case the routine will

calculate the heating/cooling requirements to satisfy

that prescribed temperature. (RMTMP)

17. ROOM: This routine reads in all the data required for

the room heat transfer calculation such as dimensions,

surface area, surface orientations, shading coefficients,

surface solar absorptivity, etc.

18. SHG: This is the routine that calculates solar heat gain

through glass. (SHG)

19. SOLVP : This routine solves the simultaneous linear algebraic equations that appear in RMTMP. (RMTMP)

20. SUN: Basic sun data such as solar angles, cloud cover,

direct and diffuse radiation needed for solar heat gain

and solar heating of the building exterior surfaces are

calculated in this routine. (SUN, SOLAD)

21. TAR: This routine calculates transmission and absorption characteristics of glass. (TAR)

22. WBF: This is another psychrometric routine that calculates the wet-bulb temperature when the enthalpy of

moist air and the barometric pressure are specified.

(PSY)
23. WKDAY: This subroutine determines the day of week when

the date and year are given. The information is needed

for the proper selection of energy usage schedules which

are dependent upon whether the day is a weekday or not

.

(WKDAY)

24. WD, WDX, DECODE, ERROR, WEATHE : The weather data tape

1440 supplied by the National Climatic Center, Asheville,

N. C. is prepared in a format which cannot be readily applicable in most of the Fortran programs. These routines

are therefore necessary to read the 1440 tapes and decode

them into meaningful weather parameters, which in turn

can be used by UNIVAC 1108 Fortran of the National Bureau

' of Standards. If there are some data which are unreasonable, the data will be replaced by the arithmetic average

of two adjacent data by the ERROR routine. (CLIMAT)

All the subroutines in the program may be used to form a separate

main program for a specific job. Following are sample usages of some

of the subroutines.

26
1. Psychrometric Calculation

CALL PSYl (DB, WB, PB, DP, PV, W, H, V, RH)

where inputs are DB = dry-bulb temperature

WB = wet -bulb temperature

PB = barometric pressure

outputs are DP = dew point temperature

PV = vapor pressure

W = humidity ratio

H = enthalpy

V = volume

RH = relative humidity

There is also a routine called PSY2 (DB, DP, PB, WB, PV,

W, H, V, RH) in which the inputs are DB, DP and PB instead of DB, WB and PB. In many cases DB and RH are the

inputs and the vapor pressure and dew point temperature

or the wet-bulb temperature at standard barometric pressure are the outputs. A possible algorithm that could be

desired, for example, might be:

PVS = PVSF (DB)

PV = PVSv-RH/100

DP = DPF (PV)

Call PSY2 (DB, DP, PB, WB, PV, W, H, V, RH)

27
2 . Solar radiation

Recently there has been increased interest in the application of solar energy for heating of hot water. SUN and

GLASS routines should be valuable for evaluating various

solar collectors at different locations in the United

States at different times of the year. A sample use of

these routines may be shown for a solar collector having

the following characteristics (Figure 9)

location: latitude = 45°, longitude =73°

azimuth angle = 0° south

^ tilt angle = 30° from horizontal surface

area = 500 ft^

date = July 21 ,

time = 4 :00 p .m.

glass cover = double sheet - clear glass

U = overall heat transfer coefficient between the collector

R

surface and the ambient , Btu/hr ft °F'

U- = overall heat transfer coefficient between the collector

W

surface and water, which is being circulated under the

2

collector plate, Btu/hr ft °F

TWI = water temperature entering the collector, °F .

TWL = water temperature leaving the collector, °F

GPM = water circulation rate in gallons per minute

When the collector temperature is less than 150 °F, the typical value

of Ur for a flat black collector with double glass cover may be 0.75.

The value increases to as much as 1.5 when the collector temperature

is in the neighborhood of 300 °F. A special computer program is available for estimating the value of Ug^ for various types of collectors.

28
TWO GLASS

COVER PLATES

I WATER LEAVING

TEMPERATURE

=TWL

WATER ENTERING

TEMPERATUR = TWI

FLOW RATE = GPM

BLACK METAL SHEET TO

WHICH 1/2" TO l" TUBING IS BONDED

INSULATION (2" TO 4" THICKNESS)

ROOF SURFACE

-TILT ANGLE

SHEET METAL TROUGH OR PAN

Figure 9 A Typical Flat Plate Solar Collector

29
It is assumed that the collector is well insulated around

the edges and its bottom.

The algorithm for the use of SUN and GLASS routines would

then be

:

S(l) = LATITUDE = 30

S(2) = LONGITUDE = 73

i S(3) = Time zone number = 5

S(4) = Elapsed days since January 1 = 202

S(5) = Time = 16

S(6) = IDST = daylight saving time index = 1

S(7) = Ground reflectivity =0.2

S(8) = Clearness number = 1.0

S(33) = Cloud cover modifier = 1

S(9) = Azimuth angle of the collector = 0°

S(10) = Tilt angle of the collector = 30°

Call SUN

Call GLASS (SHDW, SHADE, GLASTP, GLAZE, SHG)

note : SHDW = sunlit area factor = 1

SHADE = shading coefficient = not applicable

GLASTP = 1/8" double strength glass (1)

GLAZE = double glazing (2)

SHG = solar heat gain - output

30
note: SUN and GLASS have S in common using the solar

heat gain through the glass plate; the following

calculation would be needed to estimate TS, collector surface temperature and TWL, leaving water

temperature from the collector:

U^*DB + a,*T„ + SHG

,j,g _ _R W W

U + U

R W

TWL = TWI + (TS - TWI) (1 - e"'^)

where X = 500*GPM

5. NBSLD Logic Diagram

Figure 10 shows the way in which the various subroutines of NBSLD

fit together in the usage of the program.

31
32
6. References

1. "Pattern of Energy Consumption in the United States", Stanford Research Institute Report, pp. 6-7, January 1972.

2. "Heating Load" and "Air-Conditioning Cooling Load", ASHRAE Handbook

of Fundamentals , Chapters 21 and 22, pp. 375-445, 1972.

3. Mitalas, G. P. and Stephenson, D. G. , "Room Thermal Response Factors",

ASHRAE Transactions , 1967, Vol. II, pp. Ill 2.1-2.10.

4. Buchberg, H., "Sensitivity of the Thermal Response of Buildings to

Perturbations in the Climate", Building Science , Vol. 4, pp. 43-61,

Pergamon Press, 1969.

5. Mitalas, G. P., "An Experimental Check on the Weighting Factor Method

of Calculating Room Cooling Load", ASHEIAE Transactions . 1969, pp. 222-

232.

6. Kusuda, T., Tsuchiya, T. and Powell, F. J., "Prediction of Temperature by Using Equivalent Thermal Mass Response Factors", Proceedings

of the 5th Symposium on Temperature , National Bureau of Standards,

1971.

7. Kimura, K. and Ishino, H. , "Air Conditioning Load Calculation by the

Equivalent Mass Weighting Factor Method for the Computerized Control",

Proceedings of the Japanese Architectural Society , pp. 249-250, Kyushu

meeting, October 1972 and Proceedings for the Second Symposium on the

Use of Computers for Thermal Engineering Related to Buildings, COSTIC,

1974.

33

7 . Appendix A

Subroutine Algorithms Prepared for the

ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements
.J 'j -V-- '}
CLIMAT

A Procedure for Obtaining Climatic Weather Data

Climatic parameters needed for the hourly load calculations are:

DB: Dry-bulb temperature, F

DP or WB: Dew point or wet-bulb temperature, F

CT: Cloud type

TC: Total cloud amount

V: Wind speed, knots

DIR: Wind direction (clockwise from North), degrees

PB: Barometric Pressure, in. Hg

ID: Direct Solar Radiation, Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

sky* diffuse radiation, Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

ground* diffuse radiation, Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

Rain, Snowfall: Precipitation data (Optional)

Hourly observations of these weather parameters for past years are

available from the National Climatic Center either on magnetic tape or

in card deck form. The hourly solar radiation data has been recorded

for only approximately fifty stations throughout the United States (Table A-1). These data are, moreover, limited in their durations and completeness, and scarcely useful for the comprehensive energy analysis.

On the other hand, the data series 144 includes the hourly observations

of all of the parameters listed above except the solar radiation for more

than 300 weather stations (Table A-2 ) covering a period of from ten to

thirty years. Since the 144 series data are very much complete, it is
recommended that hour by hour energy calculations be made with this series

of data supplemented by simulated solar radiation data. A method for simulating solar radiation will be described later in this booklet.

Because of the specific coding scheme employed by the National Climatic Center for storing the hourly weather data onto the magnetic tapes,

the 144 series is not directly usable by the standard Fortran programs.

Different computing systems such as IBM 370, CDC 6600 and UNIVAC 1108

have their own decoding routines to read these tapes. Included in this

section is a listing of a Fortran program which illustrates a decoding

scheme required to make use of the weather tapes. This listing was prepared by Mr. McKay, Data Reduction Section, of the National Climatic Center, Asheville, North Carolina. . ;

For further information on the procurement of weather tapes and possible assistance in decoding, the following office may be contacted:

Mr. G. McKay or D. Calloway

National Climatic Center

Applied Climatology Division

Federal Building

Asheville, North Carolina 28801

Tel. (704) 254-0961 x203

2a
Table A-1 Solar Radiation Data

Albuquerque , New Mexico

Apalachicola, Florida

Barrow, Alaska

Bethel, Alaska

Bismark, North Dakota

Blue Hill/Milton, Massachusetts

Boston, Massachusetts

Brownsville, Texas

Canton Island

Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

Caribou, Maine

Charleston, South Carolina

Cleveland, Ohio

Columbia, Missouri

Dodge City, Kansas

El Paso, Texas

Ely, Nevada

Fairbanks , Alaska

Fort Worth, Texas

Fort Worth, Texas

Fresno, California

Grand Lake/Granby, Colorado

Great Falls, Montana

Hatteras, North Carolina

Inyokern, California

Lake Charles, Louisiana

Lake Charles, Louisiana

Lincoln, Nebraska

Lincoln, Nebraska

Los Angeles, California

Madison, Wisconsin

Matanuska, Alaska

Medford, Oregon

Miami, Florida

Nashville, Tennessee

New York, New York

Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Omaha, Nebraska (North Omaha)

Phoenix, Arizona

Riverside, California

Santa Maria, California

Santa Maria, California

Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan

Seattle, Washington

Sterling, Virginia

Tucson, Arizona

Upton, New York

Wake Island

Washington, D. C.

3a
Table A-2

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE

Stations for which Local CI imatol ogi cal Data are issued, as of January 1, 1972

ALABAMA

abc Birmingham

abc Huntsville

abc Mobile

abc Montgomery

AlASKA

abc Anchorage

abc Annette

abc Barrow

abc Barter Island

abc Bethel

abc Settles abc Big Delta

abc Cold Bay abc Fairbanks

abc Gulkana

abc Homer

abc Juneau

abc King Salmon

abc Kotzebue

abc McGrath

abc Nome abc St, Paul Island

abc Shemya

abc Suaimit abc Talkeetna

abc Unalakleet

abc Yakutat

ARIZONA

abc Flagstaff

abc Phoenix

abc Tucson

abc Winslow

abc Yuma

ARKANSAS

abc Fort Smith

abc Little Rock . ..

CALIFORNIA .- '

- abc Bakersfield

abc Bishop

ac Blue Canyon

ac Eureka

abc Fresno

abc Long Beach abc Los Angeles Airport

ac Los Angeles Civic Center abc Mt. Shasta

abc Oakland

abc Red Bluff

abc Sacramento

abc Sandberg

abc San Diego San Francisco

abc Airport

ac City

abc Santa Maria

abc Stockton

COLORADO

abc Alamosa

abc Colorado Springs abc Denver

abc Grand Junction

abc Pueblo

CONNECTICUT

abc Bridgeport

abc Hartford

DELAWARE

abc Wilmington

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

abc Washington-National AP

abc Washington-Dulles Int'l AP

abc abc

abc

abc

acabc

abc

abc

abc

abc abc abc

abc

abc

abc

, abc

abc

abc abc

abc

abc

abc abc

abc

abc abc

abc abc

abc

abc abc

abc

abc

abc

abc

abc

abc

FLORIDA Apalachicola

Daytoaa Beach

Fort Myers Jacksonville

Key West

Lakeland Miami Orlando

Pensacola

Tal lahassee Tampa West Palm Beach

GEORGIA

Athens Atlanta

Augusta

Columbus

Macon

Rome Savannah

HAWAII

Hilo Honolulu

Kahu lui Lihue

IDAHO

Boise Lewiston Pocatello

ILLINOIS

Cairo Chicago

Midway Airport

O'Hare Airport

Moline

Peoria Rockf ord Springfield

INDIANA Evansville

Fort Wayne Indianapolis South Bend

IOWA

Bur lington

Des Moines

EXjbuque Sioux City

Water loo

KANSAS Concordia

Dodge City

Goodland Topeka Wichita

KENTUCKY

Lexington

Louisville

LOUISIANA

Alexandr ia Baton Rouge

Lake Charles

New Orleans Shreveport

MAINE

Caribou Portland

M\RY1AND

Baltimore

MASSACHUSETTS

abc Boston abc

ac Blue Hill Obs. abc Worceste r abc MICHIGAN abc abc Alpena abc

Det roit abc

abc City Airport

abc Detroit Metro AP

abc Flint abc

abc Grand Rapids abc

abc Houghton Lake abc

abc Lansing abc

ac Marquette abc

abc Muskegon abc

abc Sault Ste. Marie

MINNESOTA abc abc Duluth abc

abc International Falls abc abc Minneapolis -St. Paul abc Roches ter abc St. Cloud abc

MISSISSIPPI ac abc Jackson abc

abc Meridian abc

abc MISSOURI abc abc Columbia abc

abc Kansas City abc abc St. Joseph abc abc St. Louis abc Springfield

abc MONTANA abc

abc Billings

abc Glasgow

abc Great Falls abc

abc Havre

abc Helena abc abc Kalispell abc

abc Miles City abc

abc Missoula abc abc NEBRASKA abc

abc Grand Island abc ac Lincoln

abc Norfolk

North Platte abc

abc Omaha abc

abc Scottsbluff abc

ac Va Icntine

abc NEVADA

abc Elko abc

abc Ely abc

abc Las Vegas abc Reno abc abc Winnemucca

NEW HAMPSHIRE abc abc Concord abc

ac Mt. Washington abc abc

NEW JERSEY

Atlantic City abc

abc Airport ac

a State Marina abc abc Newark abc

ac Trenton

NEW MEXICO ac abc Albuquerque a be ac Clayton

abc Roswell

NEW YORK abc abc Albany

abc abc Binghamton

abc

NEW YORK (Contd.) Buffalo abc New York abc Central Park abc

J.F. Kennedy Int'l AP abc LaGuardia Field

Roc he s ter Syracuse abc abc NORTH CAROLINA abc Asheville abc Cape Hatteras abc Charlotte Greensboro a Raleigh ac Wilmington

NORTH DAKOTA

Bisoiarck Fargo Williston

OHIO Akron-Canton

Cincinnat i Abbe Obs. Airport

Cleveland Columbus

Dayton

Mansfield Toledo

Youngs town

OKLAHOMA

Oklahoma City Tulsa

OREGON

Astoria

Burns Eugene Meacham

Medford

Pendleton

Portland Salem Sexton Summit

PACIFIC ISLANDS Guam

Johnston

Koror

Kwa jalein

Ma juro

Pago Pago Ponape

Truk (Moen) Wake

Yap

PENNSYLVANIA Allentown

Er ie Harr isburg Philadelphia

Pit tsburgh Airport City Scranton Williamsport

RHODE ISLAND

Block Island Providence

SOUTH CAROLINA

Char leston Airport City

Columbia

Greenvil le- Spartanburg

abc abc

a be abc abc

abc

abc abc

abc

abc

abc

a be

abc

abc

abc

abc abc

SOUTH UVKOTA Aberdeen

Huron

Rapid City

Sioux Falls

TENNESSEE

Bristol Chattanooga KnoxvLlle

Memphis Nashville Oak Ridge

Area Stations City

TEXAS Abilene

Amar il lo Aust in Brownsville

Corpus Christi

Dallas

Del Rio

El Paso

Fort Worth

Galveston Houston

Lubbock

Mid land Port Arthur

San Angelo

San Antonio

Victor ia Waco

Wichita Falls

UTAH Milford

Salt Lake City

Wendove r

VERMONT Burlington

VIRGINIA

Lynchburg

Norfolk

Richmond

Roanoke Wallops I land

WASHINGTON

Olympia Quillayute Airport

Seatt le-Tacoma AP Spokane Stampede Pass Walla Walla

Yak ima

SaWEST INDIESJuan, P. R,

abc

abc

WEST VIRGINIA

Beckley Charleston

Elkins Huntington

Parkersburg

WISCONSIN Green Bay

La Crosse

Madison

Milwaukee

WYOMING

Casper Cheyenne

Lander Sheridan

Monthly summary issued. Monthly suomary includes available 3-hourly observations . Published if 5 or more available per day. Annual Summary issued.

Subscription Price: Monthly Local Climatological Data' 2* C*^ year including annual Summary if published. Single copy

prices: cents for monthly Sunmary; 15 cents for annual Summary. Back issues sell at single copy rates. Checks and money orders should be made payable to, and remittances and correspondence should be sent to the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 20i+02.

US COMM-NOAA-ASHEVILLfi.N.C. -3-31-72—3000 4a
SUBROUTINE SIGNCK(IFLD ,ISGN)

C THIS SUBROUTINE WILL TEST ANY PSYCHROMETRIC WITH A SIGN

C OVER UNITS POSITION READ AS Al AND THE HIGH ORDER POSITION

C AS AN I SPEC OF PROPER WIDTH.

C THE SIGN SHOULD ENTER THE PARAMETER LIST AS ISGN,

C THE REMAINING PORTION AS IFLD

.

C UPON RETURN FROM THIS ROUTINE, THE VALUE OF THE FIELD

C WILL BE AN INTEGER WITH PROPER SIGN.

C IT WILL BE THE USER RESPONSIBILITY TO CONVERT THIS TO REAL

C FORM WITH PROPER DECIMAL ALIGNMENT

.

C INVALID CONDITION CAUSED IFLD TO BE SET TO 9999

DIMENSION IP(10),MIN(10),NUM(I0) +

DATA IP/'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','0'/

DATA MIN/'J' , 'K' , 'L' , 'M' , 'N' , '0' , 'P' , 'Q' , 'R' , '0V

DATA NUM/1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 0 /,IAST/'"'/

IF (ISGN.EQ.IAST) GO TO 16

DO 14 K=l,10

IF (ISGN. EQ. IP(K)) GO TO 2 0

IF(ISGN.EQ.MIN(K)) GO TO 22

14 CONTINUE

16 IFLD+9999

RETURN

2 0 IFLD=IFLD*10+NUM(K)

RETURN

22 IFLD= -(IFLD^10+-NUM(K))

RETURN

END

5a
SUN

An Algorithm to Find Solar Position, and Intensity of Direct

Normal and Diffuse Radiation

IN CONSIDERATION

Figure A-1 Solar Angles for Tilted and Horizontal Surfaces

6a
Figure A-1 DEFINITIONS OF SOLAR ANGLE

Data

L: Latitude, degrees;

J?,: Longitude, degrees,

+North'

L-South

-West"!

L-East '

TZN : Time zone number (hours behind Greenwich mean time),

(see Figure A-3 and Table A-4)

d: Date, days (from start of year), (1 - 366)

t: Time, hours (after midnight), (0-24)

DST: Daylight saving time indicator (Output of DST),

0 for standard time and 1 for daylight saving time

p : Ground reflectivity

g

CN : Clearness number (see Figure A-4)

7a
NORMAL TO

HORIZONTAL SURFACE

Figure A-2 Schematic Showing Apparent Path of Sun and Hour Angle

8a
Figure A-3 Time Zones in the United States

Table A-3 Time Zone Numbers in U. S. for Standard Time

TIME ZONE TZN

Atlantic 4

Eastern 5 Central 6 Mountain 7 Pacific 8
Table A-4 lists, as function of date, five variables related to

solar radiation. These variables are declination angle , 6; the equation

of time , ET; the apparent solar constant . A; the atmospheric extinction

coefficient , B; the sky diffuse factor , C.

TABLE A-4 VALUES OF 6, ET , A, B AND

A B C

: 6 ET Btu Per Air

Date Degrees Hours (hr) (sq ft)

-1

Mass

Jan. 21 -20.0 -.190 390 0.142 0.058

Feb. 21 . ^

' -10.8 -.230 385 0.144 0.060

Mar. 21 0.0 -.123 376 0.156 0.071

Apr. 21 11.6 .020 360 0.180 0.097

May 21 20.0 ; .060 350 0.196 0. 121

June 21 23.45 -.025 345 0.205 0.134

July 21 20.6 -.103 344 0.207 0.136

Aug. 21 12.3 -.051 351 0.201 0.122

Sept. 21 0.0 .113 365 0.177 0.092

Oct. 21 -10.5 .255 378 0.160 0.073

Nov. 21 -19.8 .235 387 0.149 0.063

Dec. 21 -23.45 .033 391 0.142 0.057

* Derived from the 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Table 1, P- 387, Chapter 22.

10a
Calculation Sequence ;

1. Determine 6, ET , A, B, and C from Table A-4

2. h' = cos""*" (-TAN(L>VTAN(6)) (see Figure A-2

)

3. Y = h'va2/TT

4. Sunrise time (SRT) and sunset time (SST) in hr

SRT = 12-Y-ET-TZN + i/15

SST = 24-SRT

5. Hour angle h in degrees

h = 15>'' (t-12+TZN+ET) - /

If /h/ > /h'/ skip all the remaining calculations in this

sequence and set

IDN = 0

BS - 0

BG = 0

6. Direction cosines of direct solar beam

COS(Z) = SIN(L>vSIN(6) + COS (L )v-COS (6 >vCOS (h )

COS(W) = C0S(6)*SIN(h)

COS(S) = (l-(C0S(Z)>vv^2 - (C0S(W)>'w'c2 )*-vo.5

If Cos(h) > TAN (6) /TAN (L), COS(S) is positive

7. Solar altitude angle in radians

SALT = sin""*" (COS(Z))

8. Solar azimuth angle in radians

SAZM = sin'""" (COS (W) /COS (salt)), if COS(S) > 0

SAZM = tt-SIN'^ (COS (W)/ COS (SALT)), if COS(S) < 0

9. Intensity of direct solar radiation for a cloudless condition

IDN = A''-CN^'Exp(-B/COS(Z))

11a
10. Diffuse sky radiation (sky brightness) for a cloudless condition

BS = C*IDN/(CN>v*2

11. Ground reflected radiation for a cloudless condition (ground

brightness)

BG = p *(BS + IDN*COS(Z))

Calculation Modification for Southern Hemisphere ;

The preceding algorithm is applicable to the northern hemisphere

only. For buildings in the southern hemisphere, the following modifications are required.

1. Shift values of B and C in Table A-4 by six months.

Values of 8> ET, A, B and C for the southern hemisphere are shown in Table A-5

.

12 a
TABLE A-5 VALUES OF 6, ET , A, B and C FOR SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

Date Degrees

ET

Hours

Btu per Air

(hr) (sq ft) Mass

-1

Jan. 21

Feb. 21

Mar. 21

Apr. 21

May 21

June 2

1

July 21

Aug. 21

Sept. 21

Oct. 21

Nov. 21

Dec. 21

-20.0

-10.8 -

0.0

11.6

20.0

23.45

20.6

12.3

0.0

-10.5

-19.8

-23.45

.190

.230

.123

.020

.060

.025

.103

.051

.113

.255

.235

.033

390

385

376

360

350

345

344

351

365

378

387

391

0.207

0.201

0.177

0.160

0.149

0.142

0.142

0.144

0.156

0.180

0.196

0.205

0.136

0.122

0.092

0.073

0.063

0.057

0.058

0.060

0.071

0.097

0.121

0.134

13a
If L ^ 0 and if Cos(h) > (Tan (8) /Tan (L)), Cos(s) is positive,

and if Cos(h) ^ (Tan(6 )/Tan(L) ) , Cos(s) is negative.

If L < 0 and if Cos(h) <. (Tan(8)/Tan(L)), Cos(s) is positive,

if Cos(h) > (Tan(6)/Tan(L)), Cos(s) is negative.

14a
CCF

An Algorithm for the Calculation of Cloudy Day Solar Radiation

This routine estimates the factor called CCF to modify the total

solar radiation on a horizontal surface with the observed cloud cover

data for a cloudy sky condition. The cloud cover observations are made

every hour at major weather stations by experienced observers who estimate the amount of cloud on a scale of 0 to 10 and indicate the type of

cloud in four different layers. Kimura and Stephenson—^ analyzed 1967

Canadian data for observed solar radiation with respect to the cloud

cover data, type of cloud, and the calculated solar radiation under a

cloudless condition at the same solar time. Based upon their analysis,

a comprehensive methodology was developed for calculating the cloudy

day solar radiation. The value of CCF, Cloud Cover Factor, is first

defined as follows:

CCF = ITHC/ITH

where

ITHC: Total solar radiation on a horizontal surface

under a cloudy sky of given cloud amount and

types of cloud

ITH: Total solar radiation calculated for a horizontal surface under a cloudless sky at the

same solar hour as of ITHC

15a
Data ;

IS : Season index

CAj : Cloud amount at the j-th layer, where j = 1, 2, 3, and 4

TOCj : Type of cloud at the j-th layer, where j = 1, 2, 3, and 4

TCA: Total cloud amount

Calculation Sequence:

1. X = (ECA ) , + (rcA.) . + (rcA.) . . j '^cirrus ^ j '^cirrostratus j ^cirro cumulus

2 . Cloud cover

CC = TCA - 0.5*X

3. Cloud cover factor -

;

CCF = P + Q-VCC + R'A-COv*2

where P, Q, and R are found in the following table

Table A-6

Season P Q R

spring 1.06 0.012 -0.0084

summer 0.96 0.033 -0.0106

autumn 0.95 0.030 -0.0108

winter 1.14 0.003 -0.0082

The value of P, which is essentially the cloudless sky factor, depends upon the proportion of direct to diffuse sky radiation in reference

to the standard ASHRAE values published in the 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals. If the value of P is unity, this proportion of direct to diffuse

solar radiation is such that the solar radiation evaluated for a hori16a
zontal surface under a cloudless sky should be equal to the value obtained

by the method described in the 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. If

the value of P is different from unity, the direct to diffuse proportion

is different from the standard values.

17a
SOLAD

An Algorithm for Determining Diffuse and

Direct Radiation Falling Onto a Surface

This routine determines the total as well as the diffuse and direct

components of solar radiation incident on a given surface under either

clear or cloudy sky by using the cloudless sky data calculated in the

SUN routine and the cloud cover factor CCF calculated as described in

the previous section.

Data ;

'

P: Cloudless sky factor shown in Table (A-6) in the

CCF rout ine

C: Standard diffuse sky factor shown in Table A-4 in

the SUN routine

CC : Cloud cover calculated in the CCF routine

CCF: Cloud cover factor determined by the CCF routine

WA : Azimuth angle of the surface under consideration

in radians from south; + if west and - if east

of south

WT : Tilt angle of the surface under consideration

in radians from the horizontal surface; zero

for the horizontal surface and tt/2 for the

vertical walls.

18a
COS(Z), COS(W), AND COS(S):

Direction cosines of direct radiation (Calculated

in SUN)

IDN : Intensity of the direct normal solar radiation for

a cloudless condition in Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (Calculated in SUN)

BS and BG : Diffuse radiation from the cloudless sky and that

from ground in Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (Calculated in

SUN)

SALT: Solar altitude angle in radians (Calculated in SUN)

Calculation Sequence ;

1. Let X = SIN (SALT)

2. Y = 0.309 - 0.137vcX + 0.394*X*""2

3. K = X/(C+X) + (P-l)/(l-Y)

4. Direct radiation on a horizontal surface under a cloudless

sky

IDH = IDN^-COS(Z)

5. Diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface under a cloudless

sky

IdH = BS

6. Total radiation on a horizontal surface under a cloudless

sky

ITH = IDH + IdH

7. Direct radiation on a horizontal surface under a cloudy sky

IDHC = ITH*K^'(1 - CC/10)

19a
, 8, Direction cosines of normal to the surface under consideration (the surface has an azimuth angle of WA and a tilt

angle of WT)

a = COS(WT)

3 = SIN(WA)-vSIN(WT)

Y

= COS(WA>vSIN(WT)

9, Cosine of the incident radiation on the surface under consideration

COS(T]) = a COS(Z) + 3 COS(W) + y COS(S)

10. Direct radiation on a surface under consideration under a

cloudless sky

ID = IDN*COS(Tl)

= 0 if COS(Tl) < 0

11. Direct radiation on a horizontal surface under a cloudy sky

IDC = ID>VIDHC/IDH

12. Diffuse radiation for a cloudless sky

Id = BS for the horizontal surface

Id = BS-vY + BG/2 for the vertical surfaces*

where Y = 0.55 + 0.437*U + 0.313*U*v-2

U = COS(Tl)

if U < -0„2, Y = 0.45

13. Diffuse radiation upon a horizontal surface under a cloudy

sky

IdHC = ITIf'(CCF-K^v(l - CC/10))

Diffuse radiation data for surfaces other than vertical and horizontal

ones have not been analyzed sufficiently to date to provide a calculation procedure.

2 0a
14. Diffuse radiation on a surface under consideration

IdC = Id*IdHC/ldH

15 o Total radiation upon a surface under a cloudy sky

ITC = IDC + IdC

When the cloud cover CC is zero,

ITC = IT = ID + Id

21a
TAR

An Algorithm for Calculating Transmission, Absorption and

Reflection Factors for Windows

Data;

Cos(Tl): Cosine of angle of incidence of direct solar

radiation (Calculated in SUN)

lov^: Extinction coefficient [inches ^] * thickness

[ inches]

NOTE : In some cases, glass manufacturers provide

the value of transmission at normal incidence. In this case, using the curve given

in Figure A-5 , it is possible to obtain the

value of k^Z- The data for the curve are taken from reference 2.

Ca leu lat ion Seq uence ;

A. Single-Pane Glass

1. Cosine of refraction angle

COS (5) = SQRT (1 - (l-COS(Tl) 2)/n)

where n = 1.520, which is the index of refraction for ordinary

glass.

2. The fraction of radiation that is absorbed in a single pass

through a sheet of glass of extinction coefficient

a = 1 - Exp (-k=«:^/COS(E;))

22a
3. Single glass air-glass interface reflectivity by the Fresnel's .

formula

vibration in parallel to the plane of glass

r = (TAN (T] - ?)) 2/TAN (T\ +

vibration in normal to the plane of glass

r' = (SIN (T] - O) ** 2/ (SIN (T] + §)) 2

4. Absorptivity for direct radiation

A = 0.5 * (x + x')

where x = a * (1 - r) (1 + r * (1 - a))/(l - r * r * (1 - a) * (1 - a))

x' = a * (1 - r') (1 + r' * (1 - a))/(l - r' * r' * (1 - a) *

(1 - a))

5. Transmissivity for direct radiation

= 0c5 * (y + y')

where y = (1 - r) ^- (1 - r) * (1 - a)/(l - r * r * (1 - a) * (1 - a))

y' = (1 - r') * (1 - r') * (1 - a)/(l - r' * r' * (1 - a) *

(1 - a))

6. Absorptivity and transmissivity for diffuse radiation

tt/2

^d =

^d

=

0

A^ SIN (2T1) dT]

tt/2

T^ SIN (2T1) dT]

23a
Double -Pane Glass

For the double-pane window, transmissivity and absorptivity

for the outer and inner panes can be calculated separately first

by using the single-pane procedure described above. Those calculated single glass properties can be designated here as follows:

A-j^: Absorptivity of inner pane for direct radiation

' A^' Absorptivity of outer pane for direct radiation

: Transmissivity of inner pane for direct radiation

T2 : Transmissivity of outer pane for direct radiation

Aj^^: Absorptivity of inner pane for diffuse radiation

^2^' Absorptivity of outer pane for diffuse radiation

T^^: Transmissivity of inner pane for diffuse radiation

'^2d*

Transmissivity of outer pane for diffuse radiation

1. Reflectivity of inner and outer panes

^ni

= ^-%-Ti^

^Id " " ^Id " ^Id , , ^d " " ^2d " ^2d

2. Absorptivity of the double-glazed system

a. Direct radiation

^.outer = ^^2^ * (1 + ^1^ * ^2/(1 - * ^2^))

24a
b. Diffuse radiation

'd, outer = ^2d- (^'^Id* -^ld*^d)

'd , inner = ^d* -^Id'-^ ^d>

3. Transmissivity of the double

a

.

Direct radiation

T R

IT] * ^T1^

b. Diffuse radiation

\d * ^d>

Since the calculation of transmissivity and absorptivity are

3/ quite involved, they have been precalculated by StephensoTi— for

various values of COS (T|) and expressed as polynomial functions of

COS (t]). The polynomial coefficients are shown in Table A-3 for

single and double glazed windows and the equations are as follows:

Single-pane, direct radiation transmission

5

T = 2 t * (Cos (Tl) j)

Single-pane, diffuse radiation transmission

5

T = 2 * Z t /(j + 2)

^ j=0 J

25a
Polynomial representations of absorption factors for direct solar

and diffuse radiation.

Double-pane, direct radiation transmission

5

^ = ^ a. ^ * ((Cos (Tl) j)

T], outer j

, outer '

. a. . -k ((Cos (Tl) j)

T|, inner = S j, inner '

j = 0

Double-pane, diffuse radiation transmission

5

d, outer . ^ j, outer j=0

-.r — V--- -.^5-'>:-. A-. =2*r a.. /(j+2) d, inner j, inner

x» ' till ;i't-,':.tiuv h

lea
27a
Table A-7 Polynomial Coefficients for Use in Calculation of

Transmit tance and Absorptance of Glass

Single Glazing Double 'lla.zin/:

J a . t .

.] , outer

a t

,

0.05

1/8" Sheet

0

1

2

3h

5

O.OII5U

O.7767U

-3.9U657

8.57881

-8.38135

3.01188

-0.00885

2.71235

-0.62062

-7.07329

9.75995

-3.89922

O.OIU07

1.06226

-5.59131

I2.I503U

-11.78092

U. 20070

0.0022&

0. 3U550

-I.I99OH

2.22366

-2.05287

0.72376-

-O.OOUOl

0.7U050

7.20350

-20.11763

19.6882U

-6.7U585

0.10

0

1

2

3k

5

0. 01636

1. U0783

-6.79030

lU. 37378

-13.83357

i4.92U39

-o.oiiiU

2.39371

0.U2978

-8.98262

11.51798

-U.5206U

0.01819

1.86277

-9.2U831

19.14.9UU3 -I8.56O9U

6.539UO

0.00123

0.29788

-0.92256

1.58171

-i.UooUo

0.U8316

-0.00U38

0.57818

7.U2065

-20.268U8

19.79706

-6.79619

0.15

l/U" Reg.

Plate

0

1

2

3k

5

0.01837

I.92U97

-8.8913U

18.U0197

-I7.U86U8

6.175UU

-0.01200

2.13036

1.13833

-10.07925

12.UU161

-U. 83285

0.01905

2.U79OO

-II.7U226

2U.IUO37

-22.6U299

7.8995U

0.00067

0.26017

-0.72713

1.1U950

-0.97138

0.32705

-0.00U28

0.U5797

7.U1367

-19.9200U

19.U0969

-6.66603

0.20

0

1

2

3k

5

0.01902

2.35U17

-IO.U7151

21.2U322

-19.95978

6.9996U

-0.01218

1.90950

1.61391

-10.6U872

12.83698

-U. 95199

0.01862

2.96UOO

-I3.U87OI

27.13020

-25.11877

8.68895

0.00035

0.2297U

-0.58381

0.8U626

-0.67666

0.22102

-o.ooUoi

0.36698

7.2732U

-19.2936U

18.75U08

-6.U3968

o.Uo

0

1

2

3k

5

0.01712

3.50839

-13.86390

26.3U330

-23.8U8M-6

8.17372

-0.01056

1.29711

2.28615

-10.37132

11.95884

-U.5U880

O.OIU23

U.IU38U

-16.66709

3I.3OU8U

-27.81955

9.36959

-0.00009

O.I50U9

-0.27590

0.25618

-0. 12919

0.02859

-0.00279

0.16U68

6.17715

-15.8U811

15.28302

-5.23666

0.6o

0

1

2

3U

5

O.01U06

U. 15958

-15.06279

27.I8U92

-23.88518

8.03650

-0.00835

0.92766

2.15721

-8.71U29

9.87152

-3.73328

0.01056

U . 71UU7

-17.33U5U

30.91781

-26.63898

8.79U95

-0.00016

0.10579

-0.15035

O.O6U87

0.02759

-0.02317

-0.00192

0.08180

U.9U753

-12.U3U81

11.92U95

-U. 07787

0.80

50fo Trans.

H.A. Plate

0

1

2

3

1+5

0.01153

U.559U6

-15.U329U

26.70568

-22.0 ^99^

7.57795

-0.006I+6

0. 68256

I.82U49

-6.95325

1

. OUDM- 1 -2.9UU5U

0.00819

5.01768

-17.21228

29.U6388

8.O5OUO

-0.00015

0.07717

-0.09059

0.00050

U . UD ( ±x

-O.O339U

-0.00136

0.0UU19

3.87529

-9.59069

-3.12776

1.00

0

1

2

3U

5

0.00962

u. 81911

-I5.U7137

25.86516

-21.69106

7.0871^+

-O.OOU96

0. 51UO3

1. U76O7

-5.UI985

6.O55U6

-2.28162

0.00670

5.18781

-I6.8U82O

27.90292

-22.99619

7.38IUO

-0.00012

O.O57U6

-0.05878

-0.01855

0.06837

-0.03191

-0.00098

0.02576

3.00U00

-7.3383U

6.987U7

-2.38328

28a
Data

SHG

An Algorithm for Calculating Solar Heat Gain Through Windows

IDN: Intensity of direct normal solar radiation,

Btu per (hr) (sq ft), (Calculated in SUN)

BS: Sky brightness, Btu per (hr) (sq ft), (Calculated in SUN)

BG : Ground brightness, Btu per (hr) (sq ft),

(Calculated in SUN)

Cos(Tl): Cosine of the angle of incidence of direct

solar radiation, (Calculated in SUN)

FWS : Form factor between the window and the

sky*

FWG: Form factor between the window and the

ground*

RO, RA, RI : Thermal resistances at outside surface,

air space, and inside surface respectively,

(sq ft) (hr) (F) per Btu

SLA: Sunlit area factor (Calculated in SHADOW)

SC: Shading coefficient if the window is shaded

by drapes or blinds or if it has an interpane separation of more than 1 inch

If more accurate data are not available, use FWS = FWG = 0.5.

29a
NOTE: When the value of SC is given, these

transmission and absorption factors

should be for the standard 1/8" thick

double strength glass (or ICf / = 0.05

' of TAR) regardless of the type of

glass used

.

T^, T^: Transmission factors for direct and diffuse

solar radiation for windows (Calculated in

TAR)

A A A A : T], outer' Tljii^ner' d, outer' d, inner*

Absorption factors for direct and diffuse

solar radiation through outer and inner

window panes (Calculated in TAR), respec-

. tively

Calculation Sequence :

1. Inward flowing fraction of the radiation absorbed by the

inner and the outer pane, respectively.

NI = (RO + RA)/(RO + RA + RI)

NO = R0/(R0 + RA + RI)

2 . Let

D = SLA*IDN*Cos('n)*(T^ + NO^A^ ^ + NI-VA^ , )

' Tl Tjjouter Tl,inner

d = (BS^FWS + BG^fFWG)'V (T , + NO*A, ^ + NI*A, . ) d d, outer d, inner

3. Solar heat gain through window.

If SC = 0, SHG = D + d

If SC 0, SHG = (SC)-^(D + d)j^^^Q^Q3

30a
SHADOW

A Brief Description of the Procedures for Calculating External

Shadows on a Building

A major portion of the air conditioning load on modern commercial

buildings comes from solar radiation. To improve the accuracy of load

assessment, it is necessary to know how much of a building is shaded

and how much lies exposed to the sun's rays.

4/ A new technique developed by Groth and Lokmanhekim— employs the

representation of all architectural forms as a series of plane polygons.

Even curved surfaces can be so represented. For example, a sphere may

be approximated by the 2 0 sides of a regular icosohedron This approximation gives a maximum error of only 3% in the shadow area cast by the

sphere

.

The output of the algorithm is not only the sunlit area, but also

a pictorial display of the shadows and the surface upon which they are

cast

.

Coordinate Transformation:

Designate the polygons which cast shadows as shading polygons (SP)

and those upon which shadows are cast as receiving polygons (RP)» The

vertex coordinates of each RP, and its relevant SP's, are transformed

from a base coordinate system, xyz , to a new coordinate system, x'y'^',

with origin 0 attached to the plane of the RP. The first three vertices,

31a
W^, V2 , and V^, of the RP being examined are used to define this new coordinate system. The x' axis passes through V2 and V^, while the y' axis

passes through V^^. In order that the z' axis point outward from the surface, angle ^1^2^3 must be convex and the vertices must be numbered counterclockwise. The equation of transformation is written in matrix form

as

x' = A (x-Xq)

where

—> —* —

*

Xq = x^ + y(x^-K2)

: • Y, A Scaler = (x^-X2) • (x^-x^) / (x^-t^^) • (x^-x^)

1st row of A = (x^'Xq)/ I x^~Xq ]

2nd row of A = (xj^-Xq)/ | x^-Xq ]

. -* -» 3rd row of A = 1st row of A x 2nd row of A

Solar altitude, c, and azimuth, p, must also be transformed, into

the solar direction vector, as

, /Sing . Cosa

X = Sina

s \„Cosp • Coscv

Clipping Transformation:

Any part of an SP whose z' is negative cannot cast a shadow on the

RP. These "submerged" portions of the SP's must be clipped off, prior

to projection, lest they project "false" shadows (see Figure A-6). This

32 a
is done by finding, through linear interpolation, the points A and B,

on the perimeter of the SP, which pierce the plane of the RP, and taking

these points as new vertices. All submerged vertices are deleted. This

results in a new polygon with line AB as a side, which will project only

real shadows.

Projection Transformation:

To simulate the actual casting of a shadow, the following transformation projects, along the sun's rays, all the vertex points of the transformed and clipped RP's.

Figure A-6 Clipping

X = x' - X'

s

Y = y z

33a
Enclosure Test:

The coordinate, clipping and projection transformation have converted all RP and SP's in space into two dimensional figures in the RP plane.

It remains only to find the points in the RP plane which lie inside the

RP and inside one or more of the SP projections, i.e., points of the RP

which are shaded. At this point, the two-space XY is divided into a grid

and the center of each element of this grid is tested for enclosure by

the RP and the SP projections. A point, P, whose coordinates are ^^p,

is inside of polygon * * * ''^'^ following inequality holds,

n

i=l ^

The angular change, subtended at P by the ith side, and counted

positive counterclockwise, is given by the following formulae.

e. - 9. if 0. - e. < 2

J 1

I J 1

I

"^^i (e. - e.)(4 - 1 9. - e. I ) 9. - 9. I

• if !«j - «il >2

i + 1 if i < n

J =

1 if i = n

34a
in 1st

quadrant

1 +

Xp-x. in 2nd

Xp-X.+Y.-Yp quadrant

e. X X

1 in 3rd

quadrant

P in 4th

quadrant 2 + 3 +

1

X,-Xj,+Yj,-Y.

These approximate formulae, which express A0^ in right angles, replace the time-consviming square root and are cosine computer library routines. They have, by set theory, been proved adequate for the purpose.

Display Matrix and Sample Problem:

An alphameric matrix is created corresponding to the grid elements

in the RP plane. A blank component represents a grid element either outside the RP or exposed to the sun. An asterisk component represents a

shaded grid element or one on the RP's boundary. Grid elements shaded

by a transmissive structure are randomly asterisked with a probability

equal to the fraction of incident light stopped by the shading structure.

Figure A-7 shows the solution of a typical problem involving a transmissive structure.

35a
Figure A-7 The Computer Output of a Typical Problem

36a
SHADOW 1*

An Algorithm to Find the Ratio of the Sunlit and Shaded Area

of a Given Window Where the Shadows are Cast by Various

Combinations of Overhang and Side Fins

Data ; (Variable names corresponding to the FORTRAN listing

included in this section. Right and left is determined

facing the window from outside - see Figure A-8).

HT: Window height

FL: Window width

FP: Depth of the overhang ^^^^

AW: Distance from top of the window to the overhang

BWL: Distance of the overhang extended beyond the left edge

of the window

BWR: Distance of the overhang extended beyond the right edge

of the window

D: Depth of vertical projection at the end of the overhang

FPl: Depth of the left fin

Al : Distance of the left fin extended above the top of the

window

Bl: Distance from the left edge of the window to the left

fin

Cl: Distance of the left fin stop short above the bottom

of the window

FP2 : Depth of the right fin

* This section was contributed by Tseng-Yao Sun; Ayres and Hayakawa,

Los Angeles, California.

37a
38a
A2 : Distance of the right fin extended above the top of

the window

B2 : Distance from the right edge of the window to the

right fin

C2 : Distance of the right fin stop short above the bottom

of the window

PHI: Solar azimuth angle

WAZI: Window azimuth angle

COSZ: Cosine of solar zenith angle

Calculation Sequence ;

The principle calculation sequence of this subroutine is described

in reference 5 and the principle output of the subroutine is the variable

SHRAT —the shade ratio or ratio of sunlit area to the total window area.

The treatment of shadow overlapping cast by various shading devices is

not discussed in the reference but is included in the FORTRAN listing.

39a
SUBROUTINE SHADOW (SHDX»PHI »COSZ»SHRAT)

DIMENSION SHDX(20)

HT=SHDX(1)

FL=SHDX(?)

rP=SHDX(3)

AW=SHDX (4)

BWL=SHDX(5)

8WR=SHDX(6)

D=SHDX (7)

rPl=SHDX(fl)

A1=5HDX (9)

B1=SHDX(10)

C1=SHDX(11)

FP?=SHDX(1?)

A2=SHDX(13)

B2=SH0X(14)

C2=SHDX(15)

WAZI=SHDX (16)

% THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES SHADOW CAST BY OVERHANG AND SIDE FINS

% ' PHI. ...SOLAR AZIMUTH ANGLE

% C0S7. ..COSINE OF SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE

% SHRAT. .SHADE RATIOtRATIO OF THE SUNLIT AREA TO THE TOTAL WINDOW AREA

% HT WINDOW HEIGHT

% FL WINDOW WIDTH

% FP DEPTH OF THE OVERHUNG

% AW DISTANCE FROM TOP OF THE WINDOW TO THE OVERHUNG

% BWL.... DISTANCE OF THE OVERHUNG EXTENDED BEYOND THE LEFT EDGE OF THE WINDOW

% BWR.... DISTANCE OF THE OVERHUNG EXTENDED BEYOND THE RIGHT EDGE OF THE WINDOW

% D DEPTH OF VERTICAL PROJECTION AT THE END OF THE OVERHUNG

% FPl.... DEPTH OF THE LEFT FIN

% Al DISTANCE OF THE LEFT FIN EXTENDED ABOVE THE TOP OF THE WINDOW

% Bl DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT EDGE OF THE WINDOW TO THE LEFT FIN

% CI DISTANCE OF THE LEFT FIN STOP SHORT ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF THE WINDOW

% FP2.... DEPTH OF THE RIGHT FIN

% A2 DISTANCE OF THE RIGHT FIN EXTENDED ABOVE THE TOP OF THE WINDOW

% B2 DISTANCE FROM THE RIGHT EDGE OF THE WINDOW TO THE RIGHT FIN

% C2 DISTANCE OF THE RIGHT FIN STOP SHORT ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF THE WINDOW

% WAZI. . .WINDOW AZIMUTH ANGLE

SHRAT=1.

1103 A=AW

H=HT

GAMMA=PHI-WAZI

COSG=COS (GAMMA)

IF(COSG) 100»100»104

100 SHRAT=0.

GO TO 2000

104 CONTINUE

SBETA=COSZ

IF(SBETA) lOOflOOf 152

152 SING=SIN(GAMMA)

VERT=SBETA/SQRT ( 1 .-SBETA»SBETA) /COSG

HORIZ=ARS(SING)/COSG

TCETA=VERT/HORIZ

40a
IF(GAMMA) 155fl54tl54

% SUN ON LEFT

154 B=BWL

GO TO 156

% SUN ON RIGHT

155 B=RWR

156 ARSHF=0.

AREAV=0.

AR?IF=0.

AREAO=0.

AREA1=0.

ARSH1=0.

FL3=0.

H3=0.

H1=H

FL1=FL

K = l L = l T1=FP»VERT

FM1=FP»H0RIZ

IF(FP) 37»37»153

153 T=T1

FMsFMl

AR=B»TCETA

UG=(FL*B)»TCETA

DE=(H*A)/TCETA

% HORIZONTAL OVERHUNG "AREAO"

IF(T-A) 27»27,2

2 IF(AB-A) 14f 14»3

3 IF{OE-B) 12»12»4

4 IF(FM-B) 11,11»5

5 IF(0E-(FL*8) )8»8,6

6 IF(FM-{FL*B) )9,7»7

% HORIZ 9

7 AREAO=FL»(0.5»(AB*UG)-A)

GO TO 37

8 IF(T-(H*A) )9»10»10

% HORIZ 7

9 AREAO=(T-A)»FL-( (FM-B)»»2)»TCETA»0.5

L = ?

GO TO 21

% HORIZ 8

10 AREAO=H«FL-(DE-B)»»2»TCETA»0.5

GO TO 37

% HORIZ 3

11 APEAO=FL»(T-A)

L=2

GO TO 24

12 IF(T-(H*A)) Iltl3tl3

% HORIZ 2

13 AREAO=H»FL

GO TO 68

14 IF(UG-A)27.27f 15

15 IF(OE-{FL*B) ) 18»18»16

41a
16 IF(FM-(FL*B) )20»17,17

% -HORIZ 6

17 AREAO=(UG-A)»»2/TCETA»0.5

GO TO 37

18 IF(T-(H*A) )20»19,19

% HORIZ 5

19 AREAO=H* (FL-(A*0,5»H)/TCETA*B)

GO TO 37

% HORIZ 4

20 AREAO=(T-A>»{FL*B-FM»(1.*A/T)»0.5)

L = 2 « VERT PROJ "AREAV"

21 FL3=FL*B-FM

IF(T*D-<H*A) ) 2?»22»23

% VERT 8

22 H3=0

GO TO 3700

% VERT 9

- 23 H3=H*A-T

GO TO 3700

24 FL3=FL

IF(T*D-(H*A) )26»26»25

% VERT 7

25 H3=H*A-T

AREAV=H3»FL3

GO TO 68

% VERT 6

26 H3=D

GO TO 3700

27 IF(T*0-A) 37»37»28

28 IF(FM-B>34,34.29

29 IF(FM-(FL*B) )31»37f 37

31 FL3=FL*B-FM

IF(T*D-(H*A) > 33,33»32

% VERT 5

32 H3=H

GO TO 3700

% 'VERT 4 ,

• V : , ^ 33 H3=T*D-A

GO TO 3700

34 IF(T*D- (H*A) ) 36f 35f 35

* VERT 2 r 35 AREAV=H«FL

GO TO 68

% VERT 3

36 H3=T*D-A

FL3=FL

3700 AREAV=FL3»H3

% SIDE FIN AND SHORT SIDE FIN

SIDE FIN MAREAl" "ARSIF"

37 IF(GAMMA)66»68.74

74 FPF=FP1

AF = A1

BF=B1

42 a
CX=C1

GO TO 84

66 FPF=^FP2

AF=A2

BF=B2

CX=C2

84 IF(FPF)68»68»67

67 T=FPF»VERT

FM=FPF»HORIZ

AF1=AF

IF(AREA0)73»73»88

% TEST FOR OVERLAP OF FIN AND OVERHUNG SHADOW

88 AT=A* (BF-B)»TCETA

IF(AT-AF) 711»73»73

% OVERLAP EXISTS,. L=2 IE OVERHUNG SHADOW HAS HORIZ EDGE IN WINDOW

711 GO T0(621«712) tL

% TEST FOR TYPE OF OVERLAP

712 IF( (FM-9F)-(FM1-B) ) 621 622*622

% SET L=1»SHA00W INTERSECT ON INCLINED EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW

% PIN SHADOW IS BELOW INCLINED EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW

621 AF=AT

L = l GO TO 73

% L IS 2» HORIZ EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW-PORTION ABOVE HORIZ EDGE

% NOT IN OVERHUNG SHADOW IS FIN SHADOW

622 AREA1=FL»(T1-A)-AREA0

* RESET TO CALC FIN SHADOW BELOW HORIZ EDGE OF OVHNG SHADOW

AF=T1-A*AF1

H=H*AF1-AF

% SHADOW OF FIN (K=l ON GLASS K=2 ON VERT PROJ SHADOW)

73 AB=BF»TCETA

UG=(FL*BF)»TCETA

DE=(H*AF)/TCETA

DJ=CX/TCETA

IF(FM-BF)69»69»38

38 IF{AB-AF) 39f 50»50

39 IF(UG-AF)48»48f40

40 TF(T-AF)47»47»41

41 IF (UG-(H*AF> )44»44f42

42 IF(T-{H*AF) )91,80,80

% FIN 9

80 AREA1=H«( (AF*H»0,5)/TCETA-BF) AREAl

GO TO 58

44 IF(FM-(FL*BF) )91»89f 89

% PIN©

89 AREA1=H»FL- (UG-AF) 2/TCETA«0.5*AREAl

GO TO 58

% PIN 7

91 AREA1= (FM-BF) »H- (T-AF) »»?/TCETA»0.5*AREAl

GO TO 63

48 IF(FM-(FL*BF) )47»47»49

% PIN 3

47 AREA1=H*(FM-BF) AREAl

GO TO 63

43a
% FIN 2

49 AREA1=H»FL*AREA1

GO TO 58

50 IF(DE-BF) 69,69,51

51 IF{UG-(H*AF) )55»55,52

52 IF(T-(H*AF) ) 93f 94*94

% FIN 6

94 AREA1={DE-BF)»»2»TCETA»0.5*AREA1

GO TO 58

% FIN 4

93 AREA1=(FM-BF)»(H*AF-(T*AB)»0.5) AREAl

GO TO 63

55 IF(FM-(FL*BF) )93»99,99

% FIN 5

99 AREA 1=FL* (H-(BF*FL»0, 5) »TCETA*AF)* AREAl

% SHORT SIDE FIN "ARSH 1 , "ARSHF"

58 IF(DJ-BF)69»69«59

59 IF(OJ-(FL*BF) )61»61.60

% SHORT 3

60 ARSH1=-FL»(CX-(BF*FL/2.)»TCETA)

GO TO 69

% SHORT 4

61 ARSH1=:-(CX-AB)»»2/TCETA»0.5

GO TO 69

63 IF(DJ-BF)69»69«64

64 IF(OJ-FM) 61 •61»65

% SHORT 2

65 ARSH1=-(FM-3F)»(CX-(T*AB)»0.5)

69 GO TO (77»76)»K

76 ARSH1=-ARSH1

AREA1=-AREA1

77 ARSHF=ARSHF*ARSH1

ARSIF=ARSIF*AREA1

GO T0(78»68) fK

78 IF(AREAV)68»68»72

% RESET PARAMETERS TO DEDUCT FIN SHADOW OVERLAP ON VERT PROJ SHADOW

72 K=2

APEA1=0.

ARSH1=0.

BBF=BF

BF=FM1-B*BF

IF(BF) 186»185»185 , 186 BF=BBF

185 IF(HT*A-Tl-D)87»87f 188

188 CX=CX-{HT+A-Tl-0)

IF(CX>85»87»87

85 CX=0.

87 AF=T1-A*AF

H=H3

FLsFL3

GO TO 73

% SHADED AREA "ARSHA"

68 ARSHA=AREAO*AREAV*ARSHF*ARSIF

SHRAT=(FL1»H1-APSHA)/(FL1*H1)

44a
FL=FL1

2000 CONTINUE

RETURN

END

45a
SHADOW 2*

An Algorithm to Determine Whether or Not a Given Window is

Shaded by a Remote Object Such as an Adjacent Building

This algorithm is approximate and is applicable only where the

window is relatively small in comparison to the shading object. Large

windows may be subdivided into smaller segments for this consideration.

The window is considered either completely shaded or completely in sun.

Partially shaded window can be considered in either case depending on

the location of the window reference point. Figure A-9 shows a typical

window-shading object relationship.

PLAN ELEVATION

Figure A-9 A Typical Window-Shading Object Relationship

Note that the reference point can be located at any point on the window.

Locating the reference point at the top of the window as shown in the

elevation in Figure A-9 is slightly conservative as compared to if the

reference point is located at the center of the window.

_ This section was contributed by Tseng-Yao Sun; Ayres, Cohen and

Hayakawa, Los Angeles, California.

46a
Data ;

oil, a2 : Azimuth shadow limit angles. Right +, Left -

pl, p2 J Altitude shadow limit angles

WAZI: Window azimuth angle

PHI: Solar azimuth angle

BETA: Solar altitude angle

Calculation Sequence ;

This subroutine determines whether the window is sunlit or shaded

for the given position of the sun,

1. Wall-solar azimuth angle

GAMMA = PHI - WAZI

2. If GAMMA < al or GAMMA > q!2, the window is in sun

3. If o!2 > GAMMA > cs^l,

A = GAMMA - al

B = pi + A*(p2 - pi)

4. If BETA > B, the window is in sun. Otherwises the window

is in shade.

47a
An Algorithm for Calculating Radiation Shape Factors

Between Inside Surfaces of a Room

Definition of Room

WINDOW

16

6'8"-

(7)

(5)

1'2-8

12"

SIDE

WALL

(6)

FLOOR

(2)

SIDE

WALL

(4)

OPPOSITE WALL

(3)

CEILING

(I)

Figure A- 10 Room Layout

, This section was contributed by D. M. Burch and B. A. Peavy; Thermal

Engineering Systems Section, Center for Building Technology, National

Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C.

48a
Data ;

L: Length of room

W: Width of room

H: Height of room

A: Height of windows or doors

B: Width of windows or doors

C: Distance of left edge of window from left wall

D: Height of lower edge of window from floor

The primary variables determined by this subroutine are:

^m-n* array giving radiation shape factors between the

various inside surfaces of a room

m,n = 1 Ceiling

2 Floor

3 Wall No. 1 (length by height)

4 Wall No. 2 (side wall)

5 Wall No. 3 (opposite wall)

6 Wall No. 4 (side wall)

7-14 Provision for windows and doors in walls

49a
Figure A- 11 Radiation Heat Exchange Between

Ceiling and Floor Surfaces

Radiation shape factor, ^^_2' between two parallel room surfaces

2Tr(b.-aj^)(d^-c^)F^_2 = (.h^-h^)+-p (a^-a^)] [Q (c2-c^)-K^ (d2-d^)-Q (c2-d^)-Q (d2-c^)]

+ [P(b2-ap+P(a2-b^)J [Q (c2-d^)-K) (d2-c^)-Q (c2-c^)-Q (d2-d^)]

where

-1 -1 9 9+7

P(Z-)Q(Z_) = Z^W tan Z^ + Z.V tan Z„ - cf. In (W^ 1 ) W V

= G^+Z,^, = G^+Z^^

50a
y(XrX2)'+y|

Figure A- 12 Radiation Heat Exchange Between

Wall and Floor Surfaces

Radiation Shape Factor, ^^^2* ^^tween two perpendicular room surfaces

2TT(bj^-aj^)(d^-Cj^)Fj^_2=[R(b2-bj^)H^l(a2-a^)] [S(c2-c^)+S (d2-d^)-S (c2-d^)-S (d^-c^^)]

where

+[R(b2-a^)+R(a2-b^)] [S(c2-d^)+S (d2-c^)-S (c2-c^)-S (d^-d^)]

R(Z^)S(Y2+Yj^) = TZ^ tan"-"- + 1 (Z^-T^) In (T^+Z^^)

2 2 2

T = Y +Y

51a
Calculation Sequence ;

1. Determine areas of ceiling, floor, and walls (no windows

or doors),

A,m=l,2,3,4,5,6 m

2, Calculate radiation shape factor F for these surfaces m-n

using equations, and reciprocal relation

A

F = — F m-n A n-m m

3. Determine area of windows and doors and subtract from pertinent wall areas to give net wall areas.

4. Calculate radiation shape factors from windows and/or doors

to ceiling and/or floor using the above shape factor equations and the reciprocal relation. The radiation shape

factors from a ceiling or floor surface to a window, door,

or a wall area is given by

F = F - F - F

m-n, m-n m-n, m-n„

k 12

where k denotes the surface which is applicable for a receiving surface, A that has been subdivided into 2 or ° ' n more surfaces.

5. Calculate radiation shape factors from windows and doors

to walls using equations, above defined angle factor algebra and

AF =AF -AF -AF m^ '"^"^ ^ m-n m^^ m^^-n m^^ m2-n

52a
which is applicable for a transmitting surface that has

been subdivided into 2 or more surfaces.

6. The resulting array F^.^^ must be satisfied by the identity

P

S F , = 1 k=l ^'^

where p is the number of surfaces visible to the transmitting surface A .

53a
THIS PROGRAV

OF ARBITRARY

DOORS OF ANY

INPUT TO THE

DETERMINES THE RADIATION SHAPE FaCTqKS FOR A ROO/

DIMENSIONS WITH THE PROVISION FOR TwO WiNDOwS OR

SIZE AND POSITION ON EACH OF ThE FOUR wALLS

PROGRAV] IS RLAD IN FIELDS OF NINE ANJ FIRST CARD IS

LENGTH vi'IDTH HEIGHT

THIS CARD IS

FOR WINDOWS

WALL DEFINED

LEAVE SPACES

FOLLOWED 3Y FOUR

AND DOORS - FIRST

ON THE LENGTH OF

BLANK IF THERE IS

CARDS GIVING PErTIInIL.MT DIMENSIONS

CARD IS FOR WINiiOW'j UK DOORS ON A ROOM - SECOND CARD OU WIDTH» ETC.

NO WINDOW OR DuOR

WHERE A=hEIGHT of

B=WIDTH OF

OUTPUT CONSISTS

WINDOW* C=CORNER OF WALL TO

WINDOW* n = HEIGHT (^ROM FLOOR

OF ASSIGNMENT OF NUMBERS TO

LEFT ir.DGE OF WiNUOw

TO LOwER EDGE OF WiNDoW

The wARlOUS SURFACES

OF THE ROOM

1 CEILING LE^JGTH X WIDTH

2 FLOOR LENGTH X WIDTH

3 WALL NO.

I

LENGTH X HEIGHT

4 WALL NO.

2

WIDTH X HEIGHT

b WALL NO.

3

LENGTH X HEIGHT

6 WALL NO.

4

WIDTH X HEIGHT

WINDOW OR DOOR ON WALL NO.X

BY A PRINTOUT OF AN ARRAY

SF(m»14),A(8)»ri(B)»C(8)rD('^)

IFIL(14) .VF(l4»m)

OF RADIATION

,S(la) ,X(b)

SHAPE FACTOt?S

iid WALL NO. 1 I »F6.2»4H BY

3o2

3c3

30*+

'+01

t*r)2

This IS FOLLOWED

DIMENSION

DIMENSION

PEAL L READ(5» 1 )L» W»H

READ (5' 1 )(B(I)»D(I)»A(I)»C(I)rI=l»8)

F0RMAT(RFq.2)

FORMAT (6X»?RH LEGEND FOR ROOM ARRANGFMFNT/uOhU ASSUME

IS ON THE ROOM LENGTH/yHOM OR N/4H l»6XflO'-' cElLiNO

2»Fb.2/'+H 2»bX»10H FLOOR »F6.2»UH BY »Ff,.2/'lh 3»6X»10H aALL

3N0.1 »F6,2»'4H BY »F6.2/UH i+»6X»10H WALL NO . 2 » F6 . 2 » i+H BY .Ff3.2/Un

U 5»6X»10H WALL NO . 3 » F6 . 2 » '4H BY »F6. 2/4H ^^»8X»1UH WALL iNjO.U»F6.2

5»UH BY »F6.2)

FORMAT( I4»6X» IbH DOOR ON WALL » 1 2 » HFll , 2

)

FORMAT( I«+»bX» 15H WINDOW ON WALL » 12 » UFl 1 . 2

)

F0RMAT(6X» 17H WINDOWS OR D00R5»13X»2H A»9X»PH d»9X»iiH C»9X»2H D)

FORMATdH /8X»18H A - WINDOW HEIGHT/flX » 1 7H n _ WLmDOW WIDTH/9X » IftH

IC - DISTANCE OF LEFT EDGE OF WINDOW TO LEFT WALL/rtX»i+bH D - HEIGHT

2 FROM Floor to loaer edge of window)

WRITE (6»301) L»W»L»W»L»H»W»H,L»H»W»H

WRITE (6»303)

K = 7 do 305 I=l»8

IF(D(I) .LT.l.E-8) GO TO 305

J=(I+l)/2

IC=C{I)*100.

IfIiC.EQ.OGO TO 401

WRITE(6»302)K»U»D(I)rD(I)»A{I),C(l)

60 TO 402

WRITE(6r403)K»U»D(I)'B(T)»A{I)»C(I)

CONTINUE

K=K + 1

54a
i05 CONTINUE

WRITE(6,30'+)

DO 26 I=l»8

B(I)=A(I)+B(I)

2fe D(n=C(I)+D(I)

5(2)=S{1)

DO 15 I=l»8

S(I*6)=(B(I)-A(I) )*(D(I)-C(I)

)

IA=S( 1+6)

IF(IA,EO.O)S( I + 6)=l.PE-n'?

15 CONTINUE

00 I=l»5

VAR=L

IF(I.EQ,2.0^.I.E0.i|)VAR=W

lu X(I)=VAP

DO 25 lzl,t*

I«(/=(I-1 )*2-»-7

25 S(I+2)=X(I)*H

DO 2 1

=:i » 11

DO 2 J::l » IH

SFdi J) = 0.0

SFdi 21 =PF(n, n»Lr0.o»w»n.o»L>n,o»WtH)

SFd. 31 =AF (0, o»L»o»o»w»n,o»L» 0.0»H)

SFdi m rAF(0. o»w»o.n»L»n.o»w»o.n»H)

SFdi 51 = SFd. 3)

SFd. 6) =SF( 1 1 t+) SF(2. 1 1 = 5F(1 1 2)*Sd)/S(2)

SF(2. 3) = SFd I 3)

SF(2i m rSFdi 4)

SF(2i 5) =SF(2i 3)

SF(2i 61 =SF(?< <+) SF(3i 11 = SFd 3)*S(1)/S{3)

SF(3i 21 =SF(2.•3)*5(2)/5(3)

SF(3i 141 =AF(0<.0»H»0.0»L»0.0»H» 0.0» W)

SFOi 51 =PF(0, 0»L»0.0»H»n.O»L»0.n»H»

5F(3i 61 =SFC?< t|)

5F(tli'1 =SF( 1 'i|)*5d)/S(U)

SF(Ui 21 = SF(2

SFC+i 3 = SF(3 »'+)*5(3)/S('+)

SF(Ui 5 = SF(U 3)

SF(U. 6 =PF(0.. D » w » 0 . n » H » n , 0 » w

»

L)

SF(5< 11 =SFd '5)*S(1)/S(5)

SF(5i 2 = SF(2 .5)*5(2)/5(B)

SF(5 '3 = SF(3 '5)*S(3)/S(5)

SF(5 >H IrSFCi r5)*S(1)/S(S)

SF(S '6 l=SF(5 111) SF(6 > 1 »=SFd »6)*Sd)/S(?S)

SF{6 '2 )=SF(? i6) *S(2) /5{6)

SF(6 »3 I =SF ( r6)*S{3)/S(6)

SF(6 r^ I=5F{(| »6) S(1)/S(6)

SF{6 »5 )=SF(5 r6)*5(5)/5(5)

DO 250 I=l»4

IW=(I-l)*2+7

25O 5(I42)=5( H-2)-SdW)-S(lW + l ) DO 3 K=l»4

J={K-1)*2

DO 5 I=l»2

N=I+J

N6=N+6

SF(N6»2)=AF(A(N) »B(N).C(N)»D(N)»0.0»X{K)»0.0»X(K+1))

SF(N6»1 )=AF(A(N) »B(N) »H-D(N) »H-C(N) fO.O»X(K)»0.0»X(K-d))

55a
5F ( 2 » N6 ) =SF ( Nf) f 2 ) 5 ( Mf) ) ( 2 ) b 5F( 1 »N6) =SF (N6' 1 ) *5 (M6) /S( 1

)

5F(2»2^K )=5F(2»2+K)-5P(?» J+7)-SFC2» J+P)

SF{1»2+K )=bF(l»2+K)-5F(l » J+7)-5F(l, J+P)

SF(2+K»2)=SF(2»2+K) *S(2)/5(2+K)

i3 5F(2*K»1 )=SF(1 »2 + K)*5( l)/5{2 + K)

- '

. DO P K = l»2

N=(K-1)*2

5UM=0,0

DO 6 J=l»2

NJZN+J

NJ6=NJ+6

SF(NJ6»K-^H)=PF( A(NJ) » R ( N J ) » C ( N J ) » D ( N J ) » n . 0 » Y ( K ) » 0 . 0 » H » X ( K + 1 ) ) 5UM=SUM + S(NJ6) *SF(NJ6»K + (+) DO b 1=1 »2

NI=N+I+U

NI6=MI+6

SF(MJ6'NI6)=PF(A(NJ) »B(MJ) »C(NJ) »D(mJ) » X ( K ) -B ( N I ) r X ( K ) -A ( N I ) » C ( >J T ) 1 »D(MI ) » X (K + 1 ) ) 6 SF{Ml6»NJ6)=SF(NJ6»'Jl6)*S(NJ6)/S(NIfS)

DO 7 1=1 »2

NI = N+I+t|

Ml6=NI<-6

7 5F(Nl6»K + 2)=PF(A{rviI ) »B(Ml)»C(lvlI)rD(Nl)fn.O»Y(rv),j.u»H»X(K + l))

SF(N + 7'K + i|)=SF(N + 7»K + U) -SF ( N + 7» N + 1 1 ) -SF ( N + 7,N + 12 ) 5F ( N+8 ' K + 4 ) =SF ( N + 8 » K + ) -SF ( N + 8 » Ni+1 1

) -SF ( N + 8 . N4-12 ) SF(M+11 ,K+2)=SF(N+11 »K + 2)-SF(N<-ll»M+7)-SF(N*ll.f\| + a)

5F(N+12»Kf2)=5F(N+12»K + 2)-SF(M + l^»NI-»-7)-5F(N4l^»N + rt) 5F(K+l4»M + 7)=SF {N + 7»i^+i<) *S(N + 7) /S(K + i|)

SF (K fi+

. N + 3) =5F (NH-e » K + t|) S( M + P ) (K+U ) SF(K+2»rj + ll)=5F(N + ll»K+2) *5(N + 11)/5(K + ?)

SF ( K + 2 » 1 2 ) =SF ( 1 ? » K ) *S ( 1 2 ) /f, ( K + 2

)

5F(K + 2»K+H) = (X(K) H*SF(K+2»K + t^)-SUM)/S(K + 2)

5F(K+2»K + (+)=SF(K + 2»^ + U)-SF(K + 2»N + ll)-SF(K + 2»N-fi2)

8 SF(K + (+»K + 2)=SF(K + 2»K + t+)*S(K + 2)/S(K-m)

DO 9 K=l»^

IT=K+3

IF(K .EQ.H) IT=3

IlA/=(K-l ) *2

SUM=0.0

DO 10 I=l»2

IK=IW+I

IK6=lK+6

SF(IK6» IT)=AF(C ( IK ) »D(IK),X{K)-R{TK)»X(K)-A(lK)»a.UfHrO.O»X(K+l))

SUM=SU^^ + S( IK6) *5F{ iKfSr IT)

DO 10 J=l,2

IM=J+IW+2

IF(K,EQ.'+) P^=J

IM&=lM+6

5F(IK6»IM6)=AF(C(IK)»D(IK)»X(K)-B(IK)rX(K)-A(IK)»C{IW)»D(IM)»A(rvt)

1 »B( IM)

)

10 SF(IM6» IK6)=SF(IK6»I^16)*S(IK6)/S(IVI6)

DO 11 I=lf2

IL=IW+2+I

IFCK.EQ.U) IL=I

IL6=IL+6

11 SF(IL6»K + 2)=AF(C(IL) »D(IL) »A(IL)»R(IL)»n.O»H»(i.O»X(K))

lW7=IW+7

IAC=IW7+2

lWL=K+3

IF{K.ME,H)30 TO l2

IWL = 3

IAC = 7

56a
IK— K+2

5F( IW7» I WL)=SF ( IW7» IWL)-SF ( TW7» IftC )-sr ( TW7. tAC+1 ) 5F ( 1W7 + 1 » IWL) =SF( IW7+1 . IWL) -SF ( I W7+ 1 t T AC ) -5F ( i /;7 + 1 r a AC + 1 ) 5F( lAC' IK)=5F( IAC# I<)-SF{ IAC» I W7 ) -SF ( T AC . I W7+]

)

SF( IAC + 1 . IK)=SF(IAC + 1» IK)-5F{IAC + 1. IW7)-5F(lAC + l»lw7 + i)

SF{ IWL» IW7)=SF{ IW7» IWL) *S( IW7)/S( IWL)

5F{I*L»IW7+1 )=SF(Iw7+l»IWL)*S(IW7-fi)/S(TWL)

SF(TK» IAC)=SF( lACf IK) *S( IAC)/S( IK)

5F( IK» IAC+1)=SF( lAC+l » IK )*S( IAC+l)/5( IK)

KAC=IK+1

IF(K.EQ.4)KAC=3

SF( IK»KAC)=(X(K)*H*SF(IK»KAC)-SU^)/S( IK)

SF( IK,KAC)=SF( IK»KAC)-SF(IK.IAC)-SF( TK,TAC<-1 ) 9 5F(KAC» IK)=SF( IK.KAC)*^( IK)/S(KAC)

NP = 0 DO 52 I = l»l'+

IB=SF(If 1)*1000.

IF(I.EQ.l) IR=1

IFdB.EO. 0)^-0 TO 52

NP=NP+1

IFIL(nP)=I

52 CONTINUE

DO 16 1=1 »NP

DO 16 J=l»Nr'

NI=IFIL( I

)

NJ=IFIL( J)

Ip VF( l» J)=SF(fJl,NJ)

W^ITE(6. 307)

3,:7 F0R^^AT(1H /UXtai+M A^RAY FOR SHAPE FACTORS FnQw' SuRFaCc V, TO U/IH ) WRITE(6»17) (I. I=lrNn)

l7 FORViATCUH M/N » 1 5 » 1 3 1 7

)

DO 18 I=1»NP

1r i*/RITE(6»19) (I» (VF(I,J) , j=i,\iP) ) Iq F0RVAT(lX»I2»lX»mF7.5)

STOP

END

FUNCTION PF(A1»B1»C1»DI» A2»R2»C2»D2»G)

C THIS FUNCTION SUBPROGRAM CALCULATES THE SHAPE FACTOR FROM A C PLANE RECTANGULAR SURFACE TO ATJOTHER PARALLEL PLANE

C RECTANGULAR SURFACE.

S=(B1-A1)*(D1-C1)

IP=S»10.

IF( IP.NE.0)GO TO 1 PF=0.0

RETURN

F=F1(B1 »D1 »B2 »D2 .G)-F1 (Rl .Dl .32 .C2 .G

1-Fl (Bl» Dl» A2» D2. G) +F1 (Bl Dl. A2. C2. G)

2-Fl (Blr Cl» 32. D2» G)+Fl (Bl» CI

.

B2. C2. G)

3+Fl{Bl» Cl» A2. D2r G)-F1 (Bl» CI. A2. C2. G)

t+-Fl (Al» Dl» B2. D2» G)+Fl (Al. Dl

.

B2. C2. G)

5+Fl ( Al» Dl» A2» D2» G)-Fl (Al

f

Dl

.

A2. C2. G)

6+Fl( Al» Cl» a2» D2. G)-F1 (Al. CI

.

B2. C2. G)

7-Fl{Al» Cl» A2» D2. G)+Fl( Al. CI. A2. C2. G)

PF=F/(3. 1415927*5)

RETURN

END

57a
FUNCTION Fl (X1»Y1 »X?»Y2rG)

U=X?-X1

V=Y2-Y1

UU=5QRT(G*G+U*U)

VV=SQRT(G+G+V*V)

WW=(G*G+U*U+V*V) /(G+G+V+V)

FI=U*VV*ATArj(U/VV) + V*UU*ATAN( V/UU) -G*G*LOG{ WW) /2.

Fl=FI/2.

RETURN

END

FUNCTION AF(AlrBl.Cl»Dl'A2»82»C2»D2)

C THIS FUNCTION SUBPROGRAM CALCULATES THE SHAPE FACTOR FROM A C PLANE RECTANGULAR SURFACE OF A ROOM TO ANOTHER PERPtNDICULAR

C PLANE RECTANGULAR SURFACE.

5=(B1-A1 ) (Dl-Cl

)

IP=S*10.

IFCIP.NE.O) GO TO 1 - AF=0.0

RETURN

1 F=F2{Al»Clr A2»C2)+F2(Bl»ni»B2fD2)

'

- l-F2(Al»Dl»B?»D2)-F2(BWr)l»B2»C?)

2+F2( A1»D1»B2»C2)-F2(B1»D1» A2»D2)

3-^F2( A1»D1» A^.»D2) +F2(B1»D1 » A2»C2)

4- F2( A1,D1'A?»C?)-F2(B1»C1»B2»D2)

5+F2( Al»Cl»B2»D2)+F2(BltClf B2»C2)

6- F2(Al,Cl»B2»C2)+F2(31»Cl»A2»D2)

7- F2( A1»C1 » A2»D2)-F2(B1 »C1. A2rC2)

AF = F/(3.1'+1'5927*S)

RETURN

END

FUNCTION F2(X1» Y1.X2. Y?)

U=X2-X1

V=Y1**2+Y2**2

IF(ABS(U**2+V) .LE.l.OE-7) GO TO 1 GO TO 2

1 F2=0.0 ^

' GO TO 3

2 IF(V.LE.1.0F-7) GO TO

GO TO 5

f+ F2=.5*U**2*L0G(U**2)

GO TO 3

5 F2=.5*(U**2-V) LOGCU^ + J + V) +2*U*SQRT( V) *ATAN{U/SQRT ( V)

)

3 F2 = F2/'+.

RETURN

END

58a
LEGEND FOR RqOM ARRANGEMENT

ASSUME WALL NO. 1 jS ON THE ROOM LENGTH

M OR N

1 CEILING ifOO BY 12.00

2 FLOOR 16.00 BY 12.00

3 WALL NO.i 16»00 BY 8.00

WALL NO. 2 12«00 BY 8.00

5 WALL NO. 3 IS^OO BY 8.00

6 WALL NO. 4 12.00 BY 8.00

WINDOWS OR OqORS A 7 WINDOW On WALL 2 '+.00

8 WINDOW On wall 3 1.00

R

2.67

2.67

r 6.67

6.67

A - WINDOW HEIGHT

B - WiNDOrt WIDTH

C - DISTANCE OF LEFT EqGE OF WINqOw TO LEFT WALL

D - HEIGHT FROM FLOOR TO LOWER EDGE OF WINDOW

ARRAY FOR SHAPE FACTORS FROM SURFACE M TO N

M/N

12

3

5

6

7

8

,00000

.36*105

.27^88

.26«+73

.27006

.26944

.30709

.32793

2

.36405

.00000

.27468

.27176

.27531

.26944

.25086

.27026

3

.18326

. 18326

,00000

.19139

.17332

.18286

,11468

.20h74

4

.11766

.12078

.12759

.00000

.12157

.08412

.00000

.08261

5

. 16504

.16824

.15887

.16715

.00000

.17192

.21001

.00000

6

.13472

.13472

.13715

.09464

.14066

.00000

.10144

.09fi53

7

.01706

.01394

.00956

.noooo

.01909

,01127

.00000

.01592

ft .01822

.01501

,01706

.01033

,00000

,01095

.01592

.00000

59a
FIJ 1*

An Algorithm for Calculating Radiation Shape Factors Between

Attic Surfaces Where the Attic Has a Gabled Room

Figure A-13 Definitions of Attic Enclosure

Data

;

L = Length of attic floor

W = Width of attic

This section was contributed by B. A. Peavy and D. M. Burch, Thermal

Engineering Systems Section, Center for Building Technology, National

Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. 2 0234.

60a
The primary variables determined by this subroutine are:

F = An array giving radiation shape factors between m-n

the various inside surfaces of an attic with a

gabled roof.

m, n = 1 attic floor (1)

2 roof area (2)

3 roof area (3)

4 front gable (4)

5 rear gable (5)

Figure A- 14 Radiation Heat Exchange Between Two

Adjacent Surfaces

X = ^, Y = ^, = + - 2XY cos <^

61a
TT Y F

sin 2<})

1-2 XY sincb + - (X^ + Y^)

,2 -1 /X - Y costl) \ , „2 ^ -1 /Y - X coso + Y tan ( — :—

:—^1 + X tan

Y sin<t X sin<|>

(1 + x^) (1 + Y^)n

+ v2 1 F Y^ (1 + Z^)l , 2

Y In

L(i + y2) z2] ^ cos2<})ln + 2X In-

+ Y tan"-^

(I)

+ X tan"^ (|) - Z tan""^ (|

+

"^"^ f

^ X y 1 + X2 sin2* jtan-^ Y (1 + X^ sinh )T

_1 + X^ - XY cos(}) JJ

+ cose r7~2 ~T~ -1 r x (1 + sln^(i) )" V 1 + \ sm 4) itan , _> v ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ L l1 + X'^ - Xx cos4)_

dX

(1)

S F = 1

, n-m m=l

(2)

A F

F

= -jn_51in

(3) n-m A

n

A is area of surface m

m

62a
Calculation Sequence:

1. X = R/L. Y = W/L, *^ =

Compute ^2.-2' ^2-1 f^^^^^^^^^s (1) and (3)]

2. If S = R, = F^_2 = F^_2, F^.j^ = ^^^P stage 3

-1 /W^ + - 3. X = S/L, Y = W/L, = cos —j

Compute Fj^_2> ^2-1 t^^^t^^^^s O)]

4. X = S/L, Y = R/L, ((^^ " ^ " *i ~ *2

Compute ^2,2 J ^3-2 [Equations (1) and (3)

J

5. F /,F _,m=l,2,3 [Equation (2)J m-4 m-j

6. F, , F^ , m = 1, 2, 3 [Equation (3)J 4 -m D -m

7. F^_^, F^_^ [Equation (2 )J

63a
FI

An Algorithm for Approximating Inside Surface Heat Transfer

Coefficients Tabulated in Table 1, Page 357 of the 1972

ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals

Data:

IDIR: Heat flow direction index

1 Upward

2 , 45 ° upward

IDIR = 3 Horizontal

, / 4 45° downward

5 Downward

e: Emittance of the surface

IV: Moving air index (IV = 0 corresponds to still air)

Calculation Sequence :

1. If IV = 0, FI = h + 1.02*e

c where

.712 1

.682 2

h = .542 for IDIR = 3 c .402 4

.162 5

2. If IV 0, FI = 2.0 Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F)

64a
FO

An Algorithm for Determining Outside Surface Heat Transfer

Coefficient As a Function of Air Velocity and the Type

of Surface Constructions

Data ;

V: Wind velocity, knots (Determined in CLIMATE)

DIR: Wind direction (Determined in CLIMATE)

IS: Outside surface index

1 Stucco

2 Brick and rough plaster

3 Concrete

IS = 4 Clear pine

5 Smooth plaster

6 Glass, white paint on pine

WA: Wall azimuth angle, degree

Calculation Sequence ;

1. Conversion of the unit of wind velocity from knots into mph

V = 1.153*V

2. Outside surface heat transfer coefficient.

FO = A*(V'**2) + B'W + C

where A, B and C are given in Table A8

65a
Table A-8

Value of Coefficients For Calculation

of Outside Heat Transfer Coefficient

IS A B C

1 0.0 0.464 2.04

2 0.001 0.320 2 .20

3 0.0 0.330 1.90

-0.002 0.315 1.45

0.0 0.244 1.80

6 -0.00125 0.262 1.45

; wind direction to the wall surface

RWD = WA + 180 - DIR

If I RWD I > 180, RWD = 360 - RWD

4. Conversion of the unit of wind velocity into m per sec. W = 0.51479*V -

5. Air velocity close to wall surface

If I RWD I < 90 (windward)

VC = 0.25*W for W > 2

VC = 0.5 for W < 2

If I RWD I > 90 (leeward)

VC = 0.3 + 0.05*W

66a
6. Convection component of the outside surface heat transfer

coefficient

.

FOC = 3.28*((VC)**0.605)*

This equation was derived by K. Kimura based upon the recent data

published in Reference 5.

67a
ACR*

An Algorithm for Determining Thermal Resistance

Across the Air Cavity in Walls and Roofs

Data;

DT: Temperature difference across the air space, F

L: Thickness of the air space, in.

IDIR: Heat flow direction index

1 upward

2 45° upward

IDIR = 3 horizontal

4 45 ° downward

5 downward

e-L , : Emittance of the surfaces facing the air cavity

ATC: Average temperature of the air cavity, F

Calculation Sequence ;

1. Let X = Log (DT*(L-A-*3))

Then using the values for Aq, A^^, k^^ A^, and A^ which are

given in Table A-9, calculate

This polynomial has been derived to represent experimental data

presented in Figure 6 of reference 7 and shown here in Figure

2 ) + A^ * (x 3 ) + A. * (x ** 4 )-

*

A- 15.

68a
Table A-9 VALUES OF A^, A^, k^, A^, and A^ FOR CALCULATION OF

RESISTANCE ACROSS THE AIR SPACE

TTiTT) Range or DT*(.1j**J; ^0 ^1 ^2AA3 A\

11 All the range -1.5904 0.2824 0.0 0.0 0.0

22

1 < DT* (L*'A-3 ) < 10

10 < DT* (I;**3) < 100

100 < DT* (L**3)

-1.7125

-1.8546

-1.7380

A AO "7 C -0. 0875

0.3124

0.2910

A O / O "7 0.2437

0.0

0.0

-0. Oq-2 0

0.0

0.0

A A

0. 0

0.0

0.0

3

1 < DT* (I;V*3) < 10

10 < DT*(L**3) < 100

100 < DT*(L**3)

-1.7410

1.0460

-0.2141

-0.0331

-3.4660

-0.6577

0.0198

1.5482

0.1693

-0.0146

-0.2669

-0.0095

0.0

0.01673

0.0

4

1 < DT*(L**3) < 10

10 < DT* (L^"A-3) < 100

100 < DT* (L**3)

-1.7420

-6.5410

-0.1914

0.0163

5.5710

6.1610

-0.0409

-2.3690

-1.3390

0.0204

0.4467

0.1339

0.0

-0.0300

-0.0050

5

1 < DT*(L^'*3) < 10

10 < DT*(L^f*3)

-1.770

-1.745

0.0

0.0028

0.0

0.0029

0.0

0.0008

0.0

0.0

2. Let z = Exp (y)

If z > 0.3 h = z >v (1 - 0.001 * (DT-50))/L

c If 0.2 < z < 0.3 h = z * (1 + 0.00035 (DT-50))/L

- - c If z < 0.2 h = z * (1 + 0.0017 (DT-50))/L

c

3. = 0.00686 * (((ATC + 460)/ 100) ** 3)

'

4. RES = l/(h^ + (l/(l/e, + l/ea - D) v. h^)

—/ This poljniomial has been derived to represent the curve presented

in Figure 5 of reference 7 and shown here in Figure A- 16.

69a
DIRECTION OF HEAT FIDW0.10 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 20 304050 80100 200 400

DT*L**3

1000 2000 6000

Figure A-15 Convection-Conduction Coefficient for Heat

Transfer Across an Air Space for Five Orientations of the Air Space and Directions

of Heat Flow

1.3

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.60 10 20 30 40 5 0 6 0 70 80 90 100 110 MEAN TEMPERATURE,*F

Figure A- 16 Linear Radiation Coefficient for Heat

Transfer Across an Air Space for a Radiation Interchange Factor

70a
XYZ

A Description of the Calculation Procedure for Transient

Heat Conduction Using Conduction Transfer Functions

Conduction transfer functions are used widely and considered as a

convenient and effective tool for the evaluation of transient heat transfer in building construction components. The conventional steady state

heat transfer equation for calculating heat loss:

Q = U * (T - T ) (1) a o ^

'

where U: overall heat transfer coefficient of roof or wall

T^ : inside air temperature

T^ : outside air temperature

is not sufficient for evaluating transient heat transfer. This equation

becomes invalid because the outdoor temperature T^ usually varies as affected by solar radiation, cloud cover and wind effect. The effect of

the rapid change of the outdoor temperature will not be accounted for unless the structure is extremely lightweight, such as galvanized steel.

Approximate calculation for a more accurate determination of the instantaneous heat transfer can be made by replacing T - T of equation

a o

(1) by a Total Equivalent Temperature Difference (TETD) which is usually

precalculated for typical building construction components and takes into

account the thermal storage effect. Although very useful, the TETD concept is only valid when the outside temperature T^ undergoes steady periodic changes. The TETD concept is therefore especially useful computing

design heat transfer rates for the building where very warm or very cold

71a
conditions are assumed to occur for several successive days.

A more accurate formulation for conduction heat transfer from a room

to randomly fluctuating outdoor conditions is to use the hourly history

of temperatures in conjunction with Conduction Transfer Functions (CTF).

For example, in calculating the energy transfer from a room at an inside

surface, the equation would be:

N N

J a,t-j J o,t-j ^t-1

where , (for j = 0, 1, 2 ... N), and R are the Conduction Transfer

Functions. In equation (2 )

, T . and T . represent outdoor and room o,t-j a,t-j

air temperatures respectively at jth hour prior to the time for which the

value of is needed. And is the heat loss Q^, from the room at

the previous hour. By having° a record ofT ^i,T ^o»T ^o... o,t-l o,t-2 o,t-3

T ^ ,; and T ^ i, T ^ „ ... T . ; it is possible to determine the o,t-j a,t-l a,t-2 a,t-j

instantaneous conduction transfer, provided that the values for and

Y,, and R are available.

J The number of terms involved for the calculation of (or the value

of N in equation (2)) depends upon the type of roof or wall construction.

Generally heavy constructions require a large value, although for most

8/ conventional constructions, it seldom exceeds 20, Stephenson amd Mitalas—

have shown that the value of N can be further decreased by employing more

than one past record of (or Qj._j with j being more than 1) in the following manner

:

72a
N' N' N

^i.t J a,t-j J o,t-j .^^ J ^i,t-j

where A,, B., and D. are the Modified Conduction Transfer Functions acJ J J 8 / cording to Stephenson and Mitalas" . Table A-10 gives values of Conduction Transfer Functions calculated for a brick wall having an overall heat

transfer coefficient of 0.418. In this table, the factors designated by

Z. and C. are the additional transfer function to be used for evaluating

J J the instantaneous heat loss Q ^ at the exterior side of the structure.

o,t

The applicable equations for this side of the structure are then:

N N

o,t J a,t-j J o,t-j o,t-l

or

N' N' N'

Q ^ = S B.*T ^ . - Z C.V'T ^ . - S D.-vQ (5) o»t J a,t-j J o,t-j ^^-^ J ^o,t-j

The table also shows that for the calculation of Q the use of Stepheno,t son type transfer functions would permit the reduction of N from 10 to

N' = 4 with a corresponding increase of three terms in the past record

of Qo,t

73a
Table A- 10

Construction Data

Inside

Surface

Thickness

0.000

Thermal

Thermal Specific Resistance

Conductivity Density Heat sq ft hr

Btuh/ft Ib/ft^ Btu/lb °F F/Btu

.830

4 -in com- mon brick 0.333 .420 100.42 .220 .793

4-in face

brick 0.333 .770 125.00 .220 0.432

Outside

surface 0.000 .330

Time increment : 1 hour

Overall heat transfer coefficient U = 0.418

2.385

Conduction Transfer Functions (CTF)

j Y. Z . 3 J J

0 .9194 .0001 1.9833

1 -.9391 .0080 -2.1785

2

' .0606 .0243 .1983

3 .0153 .0186 .0387

4 .0061 • ' .0090 .0144

5 .0026 .0039 .0060

6 .0011 .0017 .0026

7 .0005 .0007 .0011

8 .0002 .0003 .0005

9 .0001 .0001 .0002

10 .0000 .0001 .0001

R

0.8398

Stephenson Type Transfer Functions

C.

J

0

1

2

3

4

0.9194

'1.4128

0.5785

•0.0511

0.0007

0.0001

0.0079

0.0202

0.0064

0.0002

1.9833

-3.2002

1.3942

-0.1448

0.0024

1.000

-1.3552

0.4699

0.0315

0.0002

74a
Data ;

NL: Number of layers to be considered for the analysis

of a given structure: the number of layers should

include surface resistance or air cavity resistance

if they contribute significantly to the overall heat

transfer of that particular structure

K^: Thermal conductivity of i-th layer in Btu per (hr)

(ft) (F). This value is not needed for air cavities or for the surface resistance layers.

p^: Density of i-th layer in lb per (cu. ft). This

value is not needed for air cavities or for the

surface resistance layers

C^: Specific heat of i-th layer material in Btu per

(lb) (F). This value is not needed for air cavities or for the surface resistance layers.

L^: Thickness of the i-th layer in ft. This value

is not needed for the air cavities or for the

surface resistance layers.

RES. : Thermal resistance of air cavities and surface

1

resistance layers in (hr) (sq ft) (F) per Btu.

This value is not needed whenever all of the

remaining values such as K^, p^, and are

given.

75a
DT: Time increment for the conduction transfer functions

in hr (usually one hour for the building heat transfer calculations).

Subscript i refers to i-th layer and it varies from 1

to NL.

The sequence of inputing the above property values for each layer

is very important and must be consistent with the particular convention

adopted for the specific calculation routine. The sequence must follow

in order from the inside layer to the outside layer or vice versa. It

should be noted that the inclusion of the surface thermal resistance as

independent layers is optional depending upon the end use of the conduction transfer functions. If the inside surface temperature is to be computed as a balance of all the heat flow involved at that surface, the

thermal resistance of the inside surface should not be included in the

calculation of the conduction transfer functions. The same comment applies for the outside surface.

An algorithm for the calculation of the conduction heat transfer

functions will not be given here, since it involves lengthy mathematical

solutions to the standard transient heat conduction differential equation. Reference (9) provides an excellent background for this calculation. Several computer programs"^^^"*

~^ are available for the calculation

of conduction transfer functions for multi-layer walls, roofs and floor

constructions. The program developed by the National Research Council

of Canada—'' requires the layer input to be placed in order from outside

toward inside. It calculates the Stephenson type conduction transfer

76a
functions directly. The program of the National Bureau of Standards~'^

requires the input to be placed from the inside layer first and calculates the conduction transfer functions of plane, cylindrical and spherical walls. It also calculates the transfer functions for solid objects

of plane, cylindrical and spherical shapes as well as the heat conduction

systems involving semi-infinite solids, approximated by basement floors

and underground constructions.

Under non-steady heat conduction, the heat lost from one side of a

surface is not equal to the rate of heat entry at another side. Equations

(2) and (3), however, must be valid also for the steady state heat transfer problems. One of the best ways to check the consistency of the conduction transfer functions is to use them in the solution of steady state

problems and see if the following criteria is met : The room side surface

temperature and the outdoor side surface temperature are maintained constant for many hours so that

TOS^ = TOS^ , = TOS^ „ t t - 1 t -N

TIS^ = TIS^.^ = TIS^.^

Thus

N N

QO^ = TIS *2 Y. - TOS *S Z. + R*QO^

N N

QI = TIS X. - TOS Y. + R'VQT

t t J t J t

In order to satisfy these two equations simultaneously, it is necessary

that

77a
N N N

SX. = 2Y. = 2Z. = U^(1-R)

J J J

In fact, the conduction transfer functions of the sample wall shown in

Table A-10 can be shown to satisfy this requirement

EX.=SY.=SZ.= 0.0668

J J J

and

; U*(l - R) = 0.418* (1 - 0.8398) = 0.0669

78a
HEATW

An Algorithm for Calculating Transient Heat Conduction

Through Opaque Walls or Roofs Using Conduction Transfer Functions

Data

:

X., Y. and Z. for j = 0, 1, 2, ... N: Conduction transJ J J fer functions in Btu per (hr) (sq ft), (Calculated

as outlined in XYZ for the system that excludes the

inside and outside heat resistance layers)

R: Common ratio of the conduction transfer function

(Calculated as outlined in XYZ),

J J J

N: Number of the significant terms to be used for the

conduction heat transfer calculation, (Calculated

as outlined in XYZ)

FO^ : Outside surface heat transfer coefficient at time

t, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F)

IT^ : Total solar radiation intensity on the outside

surface at time t, Btu per (hr) (sq ft), (Calculated in SOLAD)

TIS^_j : History of inside surface temperature at times

t-1, t-2, ... and (t-N)th hour, F

TOS^_j : History of outside surface temperature at times

t-1, t-2, t-3, ... and (t-N)th hour, F

DB^ : Outdoor air dry-bulb temperature at time t, F

79a
HEAT^_j^: Heat loss at the interior surface to the outdoor

environment at the previous hour, Btu per (hr)

(sq ft)

^^t-1* ^^^^ loss at the exterior surface to the outdoor

environment at the previous hour, Btu per (hr)

(sq ft)

a: Solar absorption coefficient at the exterior surface

Oil Cosine of the angle subtended by a vertical line

and the surface normal ... (Calculated in SUN)

TC^ : Total cloud amount ... (Calculated in CLIMATE)

TM: A reference temperature (usually the inside design temperature), F

Calculation Sequence :

A. Exterior walls and roof

1. The heat balance equation at the exterior surface is given by

QR^ + QA^ + QO^ - QS^ = 0

where - ^

a) Incident solar radiation

QR^ = a*IT^

b) Convection heat transfer from the outdoor air

QA^ = FO^*(DB^ - TOS^)

80a
c) Conduction heat flow from the inside surface

N N

QO = S Y *(TIS. ,-TM) - S Z.*(TOS^ .-TM)

^ j=0 J ^"J j=0 J

d) Heat loss to the sky

QS^ = 2*a*(10-TCj.)''

2. Let

N

SUMl = S Yj*(TIS^_j-TM) + CR*QO^_^

N

SUM2 = S Z.*(TOS^ ,-TM)

3. Outside surface temperature

TOS = (QR - QS + FO *DB + SUMl - SUM2 + Z^*TM)/(FO + Zq)

4. Using this new TOS^., the heat loss at the interior surface is

then determined as follows:

N N

: = 2 X.*(TIS . - TM) - S Y.*(TOS . - TM)

t j=o J j=0 ^ HEAT. =

+ R*HEATj._^

Throughout this discussion a value of TM is always subtracted from

the interior surface and exterior surface temperatures. This sub=

traction usually helps to minimize the digital errors which occur

and are sometimes significant when a large number of numerical data

are multiplied and added. Since N N , the net effect of

the subtraction is zero. S X, = S Y,

j=0 J j=0 J

This expression was developed to yield a roof sky radiation of 2 0 Btu

per (hr) (sq ft) for a cloudless condition, which was reported in ref- erence (12).

81a
INSULATED ROOF (SUMMER)

SOLAR CONVECTION

HOUR

Figure A-17 Transient Haat Transfer in a Typical Roof 82a
Table A- 11

Layer Description

No. L(I) K(I) p(I) C(I) RES(I) of Layers

Suspended Ceiling

2 -in. Insulation

4-in. Concrete

3/4-in. Felt

1/2-in. Pitch Slag

1 0. 0. 0. 0. 2.04

2 .167 .025 13. .320 0.

3 .333 1.000 140. .200 0.

4 .031 .110 70. .400 0.

5 .042 .830 55. .400 0.

Time Increment DT = 1.

Conduction Transfer Functions

j X.

J Y.

J Z.

J

0 .21934 .00011 3.30513

1 -.25485 .00504 -4.27082

2 .04650 .01060 .97885

3 .00857 .00493 .00808

4 . 00224 .00140 .00104

5 .00059 .00037 .00024

6 .00016 .00010 . 00006

7 .00004 .00003 .00002

8 .00001 .00001 .00000

9 .00000 .00000 .00000

R

83a
Figure A- 17 shows the energy balance that is involved in the

j above calculation sequence and the results of a typical calculation. Table A-11 gives the conduction transfer functions

for the roof used in the calculations.

B. Interior walls and floor /ceiling sandwich

The calculation sequence for the partition wall and floor/ceiling

sandwich is completely different from that of the exterior wall or

roof. The difference is due to the fact that the air temperature at

the exterior side of the construction can be assumed the same as at

the interior side, at least for a climate controlled building. In

order to take advantage of this fact, conduction transfer functions

should be determined with the surface thermal resistance layer added

at the exterior side of the structure. The heat loss through a partition wall is then calculated by

N

' V

HEAT = S X.*(TI. , - TM) - S Y *(TA^ . - TM) + R*HEAT , j=o J j=o J

where ^^fj ~ i^oom temperature at time (t-j)th hour

If the room temperature were maintained constant at TM, which is usually the case, the terms involving the ^j's would then drop out of

the equation. '

C. Slab on grade floor

The heat loss to the ground through the floor on grade can be

calculated by using conduction transfer functions determined on the

basis of flooring, concrete, and 12 inches of ground layer

84a
N N

HEAT = S X.*(TI . - TM) - S Y .* (TG - TM) + R*HEAT t j=o J j=0 J t-1

Since usually TG is constant and

N

2 Y = U *(1 - R),

then

t-1

The same method is applicable to a floor with a crawl space as long

as the space is not vented. The conduction transfer functions for

the floor with an unvented crawl space simply has an additional air

resistance layer to account for the dead air space between the floor

and the ground. In many cases it is safe to assume that TG = TM,

and then the term involving U would drop out of the equation.

Floor over the vented crawl space

The floor over a vented crawl space can be treated in the same

manner as an exterior wall or roof except that the solar radiation

and sky radiation terms would not be included in the energy balance

and that the outside surface heat transfer coefficient is replaced

by a value similar in magnitude to the inside surface heat transfer

coefficient. If the conduction transfer functions include the outside surface heat transfer resistance, the calculation is simply

t-1

85a
SCHEDULE

An Algorithm to Determine Heat Gains From Lighting,

Equipment, Occupancy and Ventilation

Normalized 24 hour profiles (j = 1, 2, 3 ... 24) of operational schedules for weekdays (i = 1) and weekends and holidays (i = 2 ) are given for lighting, equipment use, occupancy, ventilation, indoor temperature setting, and humidity setting as follows:

QLITE. . : Lighting schedules (fraction of some maxims J mum)

QEQUP^ ^: Equipment use schedules (fraction of some

maximum)

QOCUP_j^

J

: Occupancy schedule (fraction of some maximum)

QVENT, .: Ventilation fan operating schedule (fracas J tion of some maximum)

ROOMDB. .: Space thermostat setting schedule

ROOMRH. . : Space humidistat setting schedule

Maximum values of the parameters to be used with the schedules

QLITX: Maximum electric power demand for lighting

for the 24 hour period

QEQUPX: Maximum electric power demand for appliances for the 24 hour period, KW

86a
QOCUPX : Maximum number of equivalent sedentary adult

occupants during the 24 hour period

QVENTX: Maximum amount of ventilation air supply during the 24 hour period, cu. ft per min.

QHTWTX: Maximum amount of hot water demand during the

24 hour period, gallons per hour

3 . YEAR , MONTH AND DAY

These data are needed to determine whether the day is a weekday, weekend, or holiday, and whether the day falls within daylight savings time.

4. QOS(TA): Sensible heat loss of a sedentary adult at the

room temperature TA, Btu per (hr) (occupant)

QOL(TA): Latent heat loss of a sedentary adult at the

room temperature TA, Btu per (hr) (occupant)

WO(DB,WB): Humidity ratio of the outdoor air for a given

outdoor air dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature,

lb of water vapor per (lb of dry air)

WI(TA,WGA): Humidity ratio of the indoor air for a given

dry-bulb temperature and wet -bulb temperature,

lb of water vapor per (lb of dry air)

QWT : Heat needed to generate one gallon of hot water,

Btu per gallon of water

87a
Calculation Sequence:

1. Determine the weekday indicator IWK from WKDAY

2. Determine the holiday indicator IHOL from HOLDAY

3. If IWK = 1 or 7 i = 2

4 If IHOL =1 i = 2

Otherwise i = 1

4. Heat generated from lights (for j = 1 ... 24), Btu per hr

QS. . = QLITX*3413*QLITE. .

5. Heat generated from equipment and occupants, Btu per hr

(for j = 1, 2 ... 24)

Sensible heat \

QS. ! = QEQUPX'-t3413*QEQUP. . + QOCUPX*QOS (TA)*QOCUP , , ijj i>J

V Latent heat

QL^ ^ = QOCUPX*QOL(TA)*QOCUP^

6. Heat gain due to ventilation air, Btu per hr

; Sensible heat

LEAK. . = QVENTX*C *60*(DB. - ROOMDB. . )*QVENT . .*p

Latent heat

Determine WI. from PSY using ROOMDB. . and ROOMRH. .

>

• LEAK^

j = QVENTX**60* (WOj - WI^ )*1060*QVENT^ j*p

and p on this page depict specific heat and density of

air in the English units.

*

It has been assumed that there is no latent portion of the equipment

heat gain. There can be exceptions to this.

88a
Fundamentals of Room Temperature and Cooling

(Heating) Load Calculations

The basic energy transfer process that occurs in a room can best be

illustrated by an electrical circuit network as shown in Figure A- 18.

The figure represents the phenomenon in a typical room having two exterior walls, each of which contains a window, and two interior partition

walls, in addition to the roof and floor (see Figure A-19). Heat conduction paths through the walls, roof, and floor are depicted by resistance

and capacitance circuits and these through windows are represented by resistance circuits, implying that the windows do not have significant ther

mal mass. Points T ^ through T^q in Figure A-18 indicate interior surbi DO

faces of the walls, roof, floor and windows, all of which receive conduction heat through solid material, solar radiation (represented by

^e-^ q) through transparent surface and long wavelength radiation from

other solid surfaces indicated by solid lines connecting the surface

nodes; and they lose heat to the room air (represented by a point called

TA) by the convection process (dashed lines).

At the top of Figure A-18, the radiation heat exchange between the

room surfaces, the surfaces of lighting fixtures, equipment such as business machines, and occupants is depicted. Also indicated in this same

location is the convective heat exchange between these items and the

room air. Actual heat or power input to these internal heat sources are

ble to represent the conduction heat gain from the inner core of lighting fixtures and equipment if they have sufficient thermal mass. This

equipment could of course include the unit heaters or air conditioners

indicated by Although not indicated in this figure, it is possi89a
TSI Ts4 Ts5 lS6 ^S7 IsS [^f^H^^lf^^^

HEATING

COOLING

SYSTEM SUPPLY

AIR

CFMS

ROOM,v,v

AlR/fV\

" ' '/ \\\ \

NFILTRATION

CFML

INTERIOR WALL (WEST) / j n

e-^E

NTERIOR WALL (EAST)

-f-^W^-^TE

EXTERIOR WALL (NORTH)

SKY-WTHERMAL RESISTANCE

zjz THERMAL CAPACITENCE

© THERMAL CURRENT SOURCE

Figure A- 18 Analogous Electric Circuit for Heat Exchange Process in a Room

90a
'w

PARTITION WALL

•si

N

EXTERIOR WALL

WINDOW j^^J 'S2'

PARTITION WALL

EXTERIOR WALL

CFML

NORTH

ROOF

(To): outdoor air temperature

SOUTH

GROUND

Figure A-19 Physical Model of a Typical Room Used in Figure A-18

91a
if they are the part of the room heat exchange system. The room air

changes energy with outdoor air or with the conditioned air from the

central climate control system (or the forced ventilation system) and

is depicted in this figure by lines T T and T T . The heat exchange

S 3 O 3

at the exterior surfaces with outdoor air, sky and sun (except for the

partition walls and floor on grade) are also indicated using a normal

design calculation procedure, the temperature or heat flow at the exterior sides of the room surfaces are usually available either by calculation or as input data. The exception occurs when two or more rooms

adjacent one another are treated simultaneously. This latter case is

commonly referred to as a "multi-room problem" and is very complex.

No satisfactory solution for this case is presently available.

This electrical network problem can be solved and the corresponding calculation algorithm is called RMTMP (given in the following section). The solution can be obtained in two different modes: room temperature calculation mode or the room load calculation mode. The room

temperature calculation mode requires the simultaneous solution of heat

balance equations in order to determine all the surface temperatures to

gether with the air temperature. On the other hand, the room cooling

load calculation mode requires that the room temperature be prescribed

and only the room surface temperatures are solved for. The convective

heat exchange between the room air and the heat emitting surfaces is

then the cooling load (or the heating load if the heat is lost to the

surfaces). These two modes of computation can be combined to simulate

the actual thermal behavior of a room and its environment where the

temperature fluctuates. The floating temperature would be calculated

92 a
as long as it remained between prescribed limits. A heating load would

be computed when the room temperature fell to the lower limit and a cooling load would be calculated when the temperature rose to the upper limit.

In this manner, the calculation of load and subsequent energy requirement

would more closely correspond to actual building and system operation.

93a
RMTMP

An Algorithm to Calculate Thermal Load or Room Temperature

This routine calculates heating and cooling loads or room temperature by solving heat balance equations involving each of the room surfaces. A room surface receives conduction heat flow through the solid

wall, roof or floor material from behind, convection heat flow from the

air and radiation heat flow from other surfaces and internal heat sources

such as occupants, equipment and lighting fixtures.

Data ;

, NS : Total number of heat transfer surfaces contributing

to the room heat balance

S^: Area of i-th heat transfer surface, sq. ft., where

i = 1, 2, 3, ... NS

X . . , Y , . and Z . .

:

Where i= 1, 2, 3, ... NS

j = 1, 2, ... N.

Conduction transfer functions of i-th surface in

Btu per (hr) (sq. ft.) ... (Calculated in XYZ).

These conduction transfer functions are usually

evaluated without the interior or room side surface thermal resistance. The thermal resistance

layer of exterior surface is also omitted if the

exterior surface temperature is to be computed as

a result of a heat balance involving solar radia94a
tion, sky radiation and convective loss to the

outdoor air.

N. : Number of conduction transfer function terms to

1 be used for the calculation of the i-th surface

donduction heat gain

R, : Common ratio for the conduction transfer function

1

of the i-th surface

TOS. .*: for i = 1, 2, 3, .. . NS and i = 0, 1, 2, . .. N.

i,t-j J » > » ^ Outside surface temperature history from present

hour to that of hours ago for i-th surface, F.

(This information is available from HEATW routine.)

TIS. ^ .: for i = 1, 2, 3, . . . NS and j = 1 , 2 , 3 , ... N.

Inside surface temperature history from one hour

ago to N^ hours ago for i-th surface, F. The

present value (for j = 0) will be computed in

this routine and stored for future use.

TA^ : Air temperature of the room at time t, F

DB^ : Outdoor air temperature at time t, F

TS^ : Supply air temperature from the central system

at t ime t , F

H. : Inside surface convection heat transfer coeff i1

cient for i-th surface, Btu per (hr) (sq. ft.)

(F)

* Subscript t refers to the present time t and t-j refers to the present

time minus j hours.

95a
F. , : Radiation heat exchange view factor between the i-th

1 , K

surface and k-th surface

^i,i '^k,k ^

E. : Emissivity of the i-th surface

1 R, : Radiant heat flux impinging upon i-th surface at time

^ »

t

t from various sources, which include solar radiation,

radiation from lights, occupants and equipment, Btu

per (hr) (sqo ft.)

Q, ^: Heat conducted into i-th surface at time t, Btu per i,t ^

(hr) (sq. ft.) r

GL^ : Mass air flow rate due to air leakage at time t, lb per

hr

GS^ : Mass air flow rate of the supply air from the central

system at time t, lb per hr

QEQUP: Internal heat generated from equipment such as business

machines and computers, Btu per hr

QOCPS: Internal heat (sensible) generated from occupants (a

function of room air temperature), Btu per hr

QLITE: Heat from lights, Btu per hr

RE: Fraction of internal heat gain from equipment that can

be assumed to be convective

RO: Fraction of internal heat gain from occupants that can

be assumed to be convective

RL: Fraction of heat gain from lights that can be assumed

to be convective

96a
SHG. : Solar incident radiation on i-th surface at time t,

Btu per (hr) (sq. ft.)

Calculation Sequence :

1. Heat balance equation at the i-th surface at time t

N,

i 1

Q. ^ = Z X. . * TIS. ^ . - S Y. . * TOS. ^ . + R. * Q. i,j i,t-j i,j i,t-j 1 ^i,t-l

NS

= H. * (TA^ - TIS. ^) + S G. . * (TI, ^

- TI . ^) + R.

1 t i,t i,k k,t i,t^ i,t

where G. , = 4 * E. * F , * (TA. + 460) ** 3 * 0.1714 * 10 ** -8

R

= SHG +

(^l'RE)*OEQUP + (1-R0)*Q0CPS + (1-RL)*QLITE)

i,t i,t N

s

2. Heat balance for the room air

N

s S S. * (TIS. ^

- TA,) + GL * C * (DB - TA, ) + GS, * C * ^_-|^i i,t t t p t t p

(TS^ - TA^) + QEQUP * RE + QOCPS * RO + QLITE * RL = 0

where is the specific heat of air in Btu per (lb) (F)

The values of GS^ and TS^ , supply air flow rate and its temperature, are the link between the load calculation and the system

simulation. (More detailed explanation of this aspect is given

in the final portion of this section.)

97a
Assigning matrix elements for i = 1, 2, 3, . . . NS and for

k= 1, 2, 3, ... NS

NS

A. . = X. , + H. + S G, , i,l i ^^-^ i,k

^i,k ^i,k ^,i ^k,k

^i,NS+l "^i

N. N.

1 1

B. = -S X. . * TIS. ^ . + 2 Y. . * TOS. . - R * Q. , + R.

\s+l,k \ * \

NS

k=l

^NS+1

^ "QEQUP*RE + -QOCPS*RO - QLITE*RL - GL^*Cp*DB^ - GS^*Cp*TS

Using these matrix elements, the following NS+1 equation

should be solved simultaneously for TIS. ^ (i = 1, 2, ... NS)

i,t

and for TA^.

98a
1,1 1,2

A

1 ,NS+1 l,t 1

^2,1 ^2,2 ^ ,NS+1

*

^2

\s,i \s,2 \s,NS+l

=

\s+i,i \s+l,2 HS+1

5. When the value of TA^ has been specified, as in the case of

a controlled condition, the following NS equations should be

solved instead of the NS+1 equations given above.

"1,1

^,1

1,2

4,2

,1 \s ,2

""l.NS

NS

TIS

TIS

1, t

2, t

TI

NS,t

where

B'. = B. - A. * TA^

1 1 3.,NS+1 t

99a
Calculate the sensible load by

N

s QLS =1: S * (TIS^ ^ - TA,) + GL * C * (DB^ - TA^

)

t^_-|^i i,t t t p t t

+ QEQUP * RE + QOCPS * RO + QLITE * RL

In this expression, QL is a cooling load if positive and

it is a heating load if negative. This is the heat picked

up by the room air (or that lost by the room air) which

has to be removed (or added) by the central air conditioning system o .

; -:

Note that for ordinary load calculations, GS^ and TS^ are

not used as long as the following condition is satisfied:

1 QLS^ I g I GS^ * *

('^^t

~ "^^t^ \ Maximum capacity

of the heating or cooling system

In other words, the desired or prescribed room temperature

can be maintained as long as the calculated load is less

than the maximum capacity of the central system. When the

above condition is not satisfied because of the inadequate

values for either the air supply rate or the supply air

temperature, the room temperature used for the load calculation is no longer valid. The calculation must then be

revised, first calculating the room temperature as outlined

in 3 above.

100a

/
Latent Load

If moisture condensation and absorption by room walls,

or drying of the wall panels can be neglected, the latent load is the same as the latent heat gain or loss,

provided the following condition is met

:

QLL^ ^

GS^ * X * (WA - WS), where \ = latent heat

of vaporization 1061 Btu per lb of water

In other words, the desired moisture level can be main

tained as long as the latent load of the room or the

building is less than the capacity of the central system to remove (add) water vapor. When the above condition is not satisfied because of the inadequate air

flow rate of the air supply system or the value of WS,

the room humidity ratio would change according to

GS * WS + GL * WA + QLL/X

WI = —

GS^ + GL^

This equation becomes inderminate when there is no air

supply or air leakage to or from the room. Theoretically the room relative humidity would reach 100% soon

after the air supply or air leakage is stopped provided normal internal sources were still present. Under those conditions, seasonal value of WI to be used

would be that corresponding to the dew point temperature which would be approximately equal to the average

101a
wall surface temperature of the space.

The most important application of RMTMP is for taking

into account some of the performance characteristics

of the room's (or space's) heating and cooling systems where the evaluation of heating and cooling load

is linked to the system capacity. Presented in this

section is a sample algorithm to illustrate how RMTMP

can be used to account for the type of occupancy, temperature control scheme, and the system capacity. In

this illustration, the heating/cooling load will be

set equal to the maximum capacity of the system when

the calculated load at a given time is greater than

the maximum system capacity. The space or room temperature is then calculated on the basis of net load,

which is the difference between the calculated load

at a given design temperature and the maximum system

capacity. If, on the other hand, the space temperature falls within the prescribed upper and the lower

limits, the load is set equal to zero. The same procedure is applied to the latent load calculation. The

details of the algorithm is depicted in the flow diagram (Figure A-20). The nomenclature for the figure

is given in Table A- 12.

102a
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

TA,TLL,TUL,QLS, QCLDS,QHLDS

TA

TLL=TLLO

TUL=TULO

WIL=WILO

vWIU=WIUO

TLL=TLLN

TUL=TULN

WIL=WILN

IU = WIUO

TUL

TLL

I

'

I I I * Time

i h I I

I

ITHST

QHLDS

QCLDS

I I I I I I > Time

QHLS

QHLL

(RMTMP)

QCLS

QCLL

(RMTMP)

QLS=QHLDS

GS=GSH

TS=TSH

JTHST=0 / <QLS=QHLS

TA

(RMTMP)

X

WA

I

/qls=o \ vqll=o y

QLS=QCLDS>

6S-6SC

TS - TSC

QLS=QCL§> \lTHST = 0

CONTINUEJ

Figure A-20 Flow Diagram of the Room Temperature and the Room Thermal Load Calculation

Steps

103a
the flow diagram, Figure A-2 0

Setting of ttie variables

Calculation by RMTMP

Calculation of WA

NO Testing of "yes" or "no"

104a
Table A- 12

Nomenclature for Figure A-2 0

lOCCUP : Occupancy index

1 if during the occupied period

0 if during the unoccupied period

ISIML: System capacity consideration index

1 if the calculated load is to be compared with the maximiim

capacity of the system

0 if the load is to be estimated without regard to the installed system capacity

ITHST: Room temperature control index

1 if a space temperature is prescribed at a given level and

the heating and cooling load is to be calculated to meet

this prescribed condition

0 if the space temperature is to be detennined as a balance

between the required load and the available capacity of

the system

TLL: The lower limit of temperature, below which heating must be

supplied

TLLO: The lower limit of temperature during the occupied period

TLLN: The lower limit of temperature during the unoccupied period

TUL: The upper limit of temperature, above which cooling must be

provided

105a
TULO: The upper limit of temperature during the occupied period

TULN: The upper limit of temperature during the unoccupied period

WIL: The lower limit of humidity ratio, below which the room requires humidification

WILO: The lower limit of humidity ratio during the occupied period

WILN: The lower limit of humidity ratio during the unoccupied period

WIU: The upper limit of humidity ratio, above which the room requires dehumidification

WIUO: The upper limit of humidity ratio during the occupied period

WIUN: The upper limit of humidity ratio during the unoccupied period

GS : Mass flow rate of air from the supply system

GSH: Maximum mass flow rate of air from the supply system during

heating

GSC: Maximum mass flow rate of air from the supply system during

cooling

TS : Air temperature of the supply air system

TSH: Maximum temperature of air from the supply system during heating

TSC: Minimum temperature of air from the supply system during cooling

WS : Humidity ratio of the air from the supply system

WSH: Maximtmi humidity ratio of air from the supply system during a

period when heating and humidification occur

WSC : Minimum humidity ratio of air from the supply system during a

period when cooling and dehumidification occur

C : Specific heat of air

P 106a
\: Latent heat of vaporization

QHLDS: Maximum system capacity for heating, Btu per hr

QHLDS = GSH * * (TSH - TA)

QHLDL: Maximum system capacity for humidification

QHLDL = GSH * \ * (WSH - WA)

QCLDS: Maximiom system capacity for cooling, Btu per hr

QCLDS = CSC * C * (TA - TSC)

P QCLDL: Maximum system capacity for dehumidification

QCLDL = CSC * \ * (WA - WSC)

The primary variables that are determined by this mode of calculation

are

:

QHLS : Sensible heating load of the space

QHLL: Latent heating load of the space

QCLS: Sensible cooling load of the space

QCLL: Latent cooling load of the space

TA: Space temperature

WA: Space humidity ratio

107a
ATTIC

A Description of the Load Calculation for an Attic Space

In many cases the heating and cooling load in an attic space is affected strongly by the manner in which the attic conditions are maintained.

The non-ventilated attic space may be treated as a simple air space within

a roof structure and accounted for in the calculation of the conduction

transfer functions. Where the attic space is ventilated during the summer

to take advantage of the resulting natural cooling effect of the outdoor

air, it has to be treated somewhat differently. Since it is reasonable

to assume that the radiation heat exchange between the underside of the

roof surface and the attic is as significant as the ventilation air rate

in determining the attic thermal condition, RMTMP should be used. No additional algorithms are then required since all aspects covered in RMTMP

apply directly to the attic heat transfer calculation. Of course, the solar radiation through windows, and internal heat gain from lighting and

occupants would most likely be omitted. The floor should be treated as

having its exterior surface exposed to the environmental conditions of

the room below. The heat loss at the "exterior" surface of the floor then

becomes the heat gain to the room beneath the ceiling.

FIJ 1 outlines the calculation procedure for obtaining the necessary

shape factors where the attic has a gabled roof.

108a
Data:

IHG

An Algorithm to Calculate Instantaneous Heat Gain of

a Space at Time t

Windows

:

NY: Number of windows

AYj^: Area of each window, sq ft

UY, : Overall heat transfer coefficient for each k

window, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (f)

SHGj^: Solar heat gain through each window, Btu per

(hr) (sq ft) (Calculated in SHG)

Exterior Walls and Roofs:

NX: Number of exterior walls and roofs

AX^: Area of each exterior wall and roof, sq ft

HEAT^: Heat gain through each exterior wall and roof,

Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (Calculated in HEATW)

where k = 1 , 2 , ... NX

Lights

:

NS: Number of different types of lights

QSj^: Power input to each type of light, Btu per hr

where k = 1, 2 , ... NS

109a
Internal Heat Source Other than Lights:

NS': Number of different types of internal sensible

heat sources other than lights

QS^: Heat generation from each internal sensible heat

,. source, where k = 1, 2, ... NS'

NL: Number of different types of internal latent heat

' sources

QLj^: Latent heat gain from each internal latent heat

source, Btu per hr, where k = 1, 2, . . . NL

Inside Doors:

ND: Number of inside doors

ADj^: Area of each inside door, sq ft

UD, : Overall heat transfer coefficient of each inside

k

door, where k = 1, 2, ... ND'

Outside Doors

:

ND': Number of outside doors

AD^: Area of each outside door, sq ft

UD* : Overall heat transfer coefficient of each outside

k

door, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F), where k = 1, 2,

... ND

110a
Partitions

NP: Number of partitions which separate the space from

other spaces at different temperatures

APj^: Area of each of these partitions, sq ft

UP, : Overall heat transfer coefficient for each of these k

partition walls, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F) where k =

1, 2, ... NP

Underground Walls :

NG: Number of underground walls

AGj^: Area of each underground wall, sq ft

UGj^: Overall heat transfer coefficient of each underground

wall, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F), where k = 1, 2, ... NG

Underground Floors

:

NGF: Number of underground floors

AGF^: Area of each underground floor, sq ft

UGF^: Overall heat transfer coefficient of each underground

floor, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F), where k = 1, 2, ... NGF

Internal Infiltration:

NLK: Number of internal air leakage sources

LEAK^: Air leakage from each source, cfm (Calculated in

INFIL), where k = 1, 2, ... NLK

Ilia
External Infiltration:

NLK': Number of external air leakage sources

LEAK^: Air leakage from each external source, cfm

(Calculated in INFIL), where k = 1, 2, ...

NLK •

Temperatures

:

TAj^: Dry-bulb temperature of each adjacent space,

F, where k = 1, 2, ... ND, NP or NLK

DB: Outside air dry-bulb temperature, F (Obtained

from CLIMATE)

TO: Average ground water temperature at half underground basement depth, F

TGW: Ground water temperature, F

TZ : Space dry-bulb temperature, F

Humidity Ratios:

WAj^: Humidity ratio of adjacent space, lb water per

lb dry air , where k = 1 , 2 , . . . ND , NP or NLK

WO: Outside air humidity ratio, lb water per lb

dry air (Calculated in PSY)

WZ : Space htimidity ratio, lb water per lb dry air

112a
The following heat gains are calculated in this subroutine:

HEATG Total hourly solar heat gain through windows, Btu

or : HEATG' per hr

HEATK: Total hourly heat gain through exterior walls and

roofs, Btu per hr

HEAT IS : Total power input to lights, Btu per hr

HEATDP : Total sensible heat gain due to heat transfer through

doors, partitions, underground walls and floors, and

internal heat sources other than lights, Btu per hr

HEATVS : Total hourly sensible heat gain due to infiltration,

Btu per hr

HEATL: Total hourly latent heat gain due to infiltration and

internal heat sources, Btu per hr

Calculation Sequence ;

1 . HEATG NY

or =2 AY,*SHG,

HEATG' k=l

NX

2. HEATX = S AX * HEAT,

k=l ^

^

NS

3. HEATIS = S QS,

k=l ^

ND ND ' . 4. HEATDP = S AD^*UD^*(TA^-TZ) + 2 ADj^*UK^(DB-TZ)

k= 1 k=

1

113a
NY NG

+ S AY *UY *(DB-TZ) + S AG *UG, * (TG-TZ

k=l ^ ^ k=l ^

^

NGF NP

+ S AGFj^VrUGFj^>v(TGW-TZ) + S AP^^v. UP^* (TA^-TZ ) k=l k=l

NS'

+ s Qs;

k=l

NLK NLK

5. HEATVS = 1.08>v(S LEAK^^' (TA^-TZ ) + 2 LEAK^v (db-TZ )

)

NLK NLK

•

6. HEATL = 4775'K2 LEAK^v- (WA^-WZ ) + S LEAK^y- (WO-WZ ) )

NL , + S QL —

k=l

The values of UG given in the 1972 ASHEIAE Handbook of Fundamentals

are based on TGW. A program for calculating basement wall losses

using TC has been developed at the National Bureau of Standards.

When using present ASHRAE values for UG, use TGW instead of TG. **

The coefficients 1.08 and 4775 in these equations are valid for

the standard air density. If desired, they can be adjusted to

actual conditions by multiplying both of them hy ^

, where p is the actual density of the air expressed in 0.075

lb per cu ft

.

114a
HLC

A Simplified Procedure for Obtaining Approximate Cooling Load

by the Use of Weighting Factors

The procedure presented here was developed by Mitalas and Stephenson

of National Research Council of Canada"^^-*— in order to expedite the

otherwise complex and time-consuming solution of the heat balance simultaneous equations. The- rigorous solution similar to that described in

RMTMP was first obtained for typical rooms in commercial buildings with

pulse type excitations that simulate various heat gains. The solution

for these pulse excitations were then converted into new types of transfer functions called Weighting Factors. Weighting Factors developed for

typical office spaces of light, medium, and heavy constructions are shown

in Tables A- 13, A- 14, and A- 15 for solar heat gain with no internal shading devices; heat gain conduction through interior and exterior structure

components, solar heat gain with interior shading devices and all internal

sources except lighting; and the heat gain due to lighting. By multiplying these Weighting Factors to the history of respective heat gains in a

convolution scheme, similar to the way the conduction transfer functions

are multiplied to the temperature history, it is possible to calculate an

approximate cooling load.

Data ;

AGJ for j = 0 , 1 , 2 . . . MG and BG^ for j = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . MG

Weighting Factors for the solar heat gain HEATG

(no internal shading devices)

115a
AXj for j = 0 , 1,2 ... MX and BX^ for j = 1 , 2 . . . MX

Weighting factors for

HEAT: Conduction heat gain

HEATG : Solar heat gain where there are internal shading devices

HEATDP : Heat gain due to air leakage and internal sources except

r lighting

AIS^ for j = 0, 1, 2 ... MIX and BIS^ for j = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . MIS'

. Weighting factors for the heat gain from lighting HEATIS

In order to make use of the weighting factor concept, it is necessary

to have previous values of heat gains as well as values of cooling loads.

By denoting the cooling load due to HEATG as HLCG , due to HEATX, HEATG',

and HEATDP as HLCX and that due to HEATIS as HLCIS, the following set of

the previous data are needed

:

0 , 1 , 2 ... MG

0, 1,2 ... MX

0 , 1 , 2 , 3 ... MIS

1, 2, 3 ... MG'

1, 2, 3 ... MX'

1, 2, 3 ... MIS'

Calculation Sequence ;

1. Using the Weighting Factors* given in Tables A- 13, A- 14, and

The Weighting Factors given in Tables A- 13, A- 14, and A-15 are for

typical office construction. They are obtained using the method

described in Appendix B.

116a

HEATG^ .

. for j

HEATX . ; HEATG ' . ; HEATDP . . for j t-j t-j t-j

HEATIS^ . , for j

t-J

HLCG^ . for j

HLCX^ . for j

t-J

HLCIS^ . for j t-J
A- 15 and factor Fc defined by equation "d", calculate load components corresponding to the heat gains.

MG MG'

a. HLCG = Fc S AG.*HEATG^ . - S BG .*HLCG . j = 0 j = l

MX

b. HLCX = Fc 2 AX.*(HEATX^ . + HEATG' . + HEATDP .) t j=o J ^"J ^'^

MX'

j = l

S BX.*HLCX^ . J t-j

MIS MIS

c. HLCIS = Fc 2 AIS *HEATIS . - S BIS *HLCIS . j = 0 j = l

The coefficients given in Tables A- 13, A-14, and A-15

are for the case where all the heat gain energy appears eventually as cooling load. In most cases, a fraction of the

input is lost to the surroundings. This fraction depends on

the thermal conductance between the room air and the surroundings. One estimate of this fraction Fc, is given by

Fc = 1 - 0 . 02 . . .

for the range 1.0 > Fc > 0.7

where IC, = 7^ (U . , A . , T window window

+ U A

exterior wall exterior wall*

U . , A . , corridor wall corridor wall

A U*A product should also be included for walls that adjoin unconditioned spaces even though the walls are not exterior ones.

117a
L = Length of room exterior perimeter

rU U value of the room enclosure element

A = Area of the room enclosure element

Hourly load

a. Sensible load

SCL^ = HLCG^ + HLCXj. + HLCIS^ + HEATVS^

b. Latent load

= HEATL^

Table A- 13

' - WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR HEATG

Weighting

Factor

Symbo

1

Heavy*

Structure

Medium*

Structure

Light*

Structure

MG = 1 AG

0

AG,

0.187

•0.097

0.197

0.067

0.224

•0.044

MG' = 1 BG,

BG,

1.00

•0.91

1.00

0.87

1.00

0.82

Heavy Structure

Medium Structure

Light Structure

6" concrete floor slab, 6" concrete exterior wall,

approximately 130 lb of building material per sq

.

ft. of floor area.

4" concrete floor slab, 4" concrete exterior wall,

approximately 70 lb of building material per sq

.

ft. of floor area.

2" concrete floor slab, exterior frame wall approximately 30 lb of building material per sq . ft. of

floor area.

118a
Table A- 14

NORMALIZED WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR HEATX + HEATG ' + HEATDP

Weighting

Factor Heavy Medium Light

Symbol Structure Structure Structure

AXq 0.676 0.681 0.703

AXj^ -0.586 -0.551 -0.523

BXq 1.00 1.00 1.00

BX, -0.91 -0.87 -0.82

119a
Table A-15

WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR HEATIS

Weighting

Factor Heavy Mediiim Light

Symbol Structure Structure Structure

Fluorescent fixtures recessed into a suspended ceiling, ceiling plenum not vented.

AISq ; ., 0.00 0.00 0.00

MIS = 2 AIS^ 0.53 0.53 0.53

AIS^ -0.44 -0.40 -0.35

Fluorescent fixtures recessed into a suspended ceiling,

return air through ceiling plenum.

AISq .0.00 0.00 0.00

MIS = 2 AIS^ 0.59 0.59 0.59

AIS^ -0.50 -0.46 -0.41

Fluorescent fixtures recessed into a suspended ceiling, supply

and return air through fixtures.

AISq 0.00 0.00 0.00

MIS = 2 AIS-^ 0.87 0.87 0.87

AIS2 -0.78 -0.74 -0.69

Manufacturer's data sheet must be consulted to obtain the fractions of

light input energy that are picked up by the room air and by ventilation air in the ceiling plenum.

12 Oa
Table A- 15 continued

Weighting

Factor Heavy Medium Light

Symbol Structure Structure Structure

Incandescent lights exposed in the room air.

AISq 0.00 0.00 0.00

AIS^ 0.50 0.50 0.50

AIS^ -0.41 -0.37 -0.32

The "BIS" Coefficients.

BISq 1.00 1.00 1.00

BIS, -0.91 -0.87 -0.82

12 la
RMRT

An Algorithm For Calculating Weighting

Factors for Space Air Temperature

This algorithm provides a sample calculation method for obtaining

the weighting factors for deviation of space temperature from the design

value; the value at which the space heating /coo ling loads are obtained

for by the HLC routine.

This general algorithm illustrated here is for a space enclosure

surrounded with spaces on both sides as well as above and below that are

thermally at the same conditions. The space enclosure consists of an external wall, interior partition walls, corridor partition wall, ceiling,

floor, furnishings, an outside door and a window.

Data;

AF: Floor area, sq. ft.

AC: Ceiling area, sq, ft.

AP: Interior partition wall area, sq . ft.

AK: Corridor wall area, sq. ft.

AW: Exterior wall area, sq. ft.

AG: Window glass area, sq . ft.

AD : Door area , sq . ft

.

AFN: Internal furnishings area, sq. ft.

BF . Transfer functions for floor, Btu per (hr) (sq. ft.)

cv * j* (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

DF.

J

122a
BC^ Transfer functions for ceiling, Btu per (hr) (sq . ft.)

rr • j* (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

DC.

J BK. Transfer functions for corridor wall, Btu per (hr) (sq.

j ft.) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

BP J Transfer functions for interior partition walls, Btu per

CP • j* (hr) (sq. ft.) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

DP.

J CW . Transfer functions for exterior walls, Btu per (hr) (sq.

ft.) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

CD. Transfer functions for outside door, Btu per (hr) (sq.

ft.) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

CFN . Transfer functions for internal furnishings, Btu per (hr)

DFN *

j (sq. ft.) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

where j = 0 , 1 , ... , M

UG: Heat transmission coefficient of window glass, Btu per

(hr) (sq. ft.) (F)

CFM: Rate of air flow through the room, cu ft per min.

(Ventilation rate)

123a
Calculation Sequence ;

1. Conversion of the given transfer functions into single series

, , and Zy This calculation is a polynomial division*,

i.e.

,

O -1 -2 -3

X^Z + X^Z + XgZ + X3Z + ...

o

-2 a z + a, z + a„z + . .

.

-5 . _ _o t r

-I -2 -3

1 + h-^z + bgZ + bgZ + ...

where

X , X, , Xp . . . = single series response factor set

oa^ , a^ , ... and

, bg , bg , . . = coefficient of the given numerator

and denominator series respectively

For example, using given notation in this section for the

outside wall, the x's, a's and b's are

X00= sCW a00= CW b = 1.0

o

x^ = sCW^ a^ = CW^ b^ = DW^

x| = sCWg a^ = CW2 b^ = DWg

= DW3

The rules of polynomial division can be obtained from any standard

textbooks on numerical analysis.

124a
where the letter "s" in front of CW^ denotes coefficients of

the single series.

2. Calculation of the single series of Room Air Response Factors,

sRMRT. The factors in this series are given by

sRMRT. = AF[sBF, + sCF.J

J J J + AC[sDC. + sCC.J

J J + AP[sBP. + sCP.]

J J + AW[sCWj]

+ AD[sCD^]

+AFN[sCFN

J

+AG[UG.]"

J +1.08[CFM J''

where i > 10 calculate the ratio R.

J

R. = sRMRT . ,

,

1±1

j sRMRT

.

J

and when I R. - R. ., I < 0.001 terminate sRMRT . calculations.

' J J+1 ' - J 3. Calculation of RMRT

The calculation of RMRT as a ratio of two series consists of

three steps:

(a) Calculation of denominator, D(z),

D(z) = 1.0 - Rz"^

where R is the last value of the ratio calculated in the

sRMRT . calculations.

J

Note that UG^^]^ = UG, CFM^^^ = CFM, UG^^^ = 0-0 and CFH^^^ = 0.0.

125a
Calculation of ntimerator, N(z),

o -1

N(z) = sRMRT^z + (sRMRT^ - (R)sRMRT^) z + (sRMRTs - (R)sRMRT^) z"^

_3 + (sRMRTa - (R)sRMRT2) z

The RMRT's are then evaluated by equating the following

equation to the one in (b) above

X + X, z"' + z"^

N(z) =

-1

Y + Y, z o

^

Tjrpical values are shovm in Table A- 16.

126a
Table A-16

WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR THE DEVIATION OF SPACE

TEMPERATURE, RMRT'S-/

Weighting

Factor Heavy Medium Light

Symbol Structure Structure Structure

Xq -1.85 -1.81 -1.68

+1.95 +1.89 +1.73

MX = 2 X2 -0.10 -0.08 -0.05

Yq 1.00 1.00 1.00

MY = 1 -0.91 -0.87 -0.82

The X coefficients given in this Table are for a room with zero heat

conductance to surrounding spaces and are normalized to unit floor area. To get the X. coefficients for a room with a total conductance

K between room air and surroundings, ventilation rate and infiltration rate VI^ it is necessary to multiply each X^ value by room

floor area and then add [K + (V^ + Vlt ) 1.08J (1.00 - Y ) to the re- sulting Xq value (where and VI^ are in cfm and K is in Btu/hr °F.

Note: That X^. value changes with the changes of and VI^ values.

127a
HEXT

An Algorithm for Calculating the Rate at Which

Sensible Heat is Extracted From the Space

Data:

SCL^ : Sensible cooling load at time t, which is calculated for

a constant space design temperature of TM, Btu per hr

(Calculated in HCL)

X. Weighting factors for use with Qj._-> for j = 0, 1, ... , Y

*

j (Calculated in RMRT with typical values shown in Table

A- 16) ..>'-

6^_j: History of hourly space air temperature deviation from

the assumed constant value TM, for j = 1, 2 ... , F

C: Average heat extraction rate of the apparatus in a space

when the space air temperature is TM, Btu per hr

r D: Change in the rate of heat extraction of the apparatus

caused by one degree change in space air temperature,

Btu per (hr) (F)

HE^_j: History of heat extracted from the space, for j = 1, 2

... , Btu per hr

128a
INFIL

An Algorithm for Calculating Air Infiltration

It Is well recognized that the air infiltration constitutes as much

as 307o of home heating load and a significant part of the load of nonpressurized commercial buildings. The air leakage of a building depends

upon the tightness of its exterior walls, windows, and doors, the wind

characteristics and temperature difference between the inside and outside, and to some extent how the building is operated with respect to

the opening and closing of its door.

The rate of air infiltration can be empirically expressed by

Q = C*A*AP**N

where

Q : air flow rate

C: flow coefficient

A: flow opening area

N: pressure exponent

Z^: pressure difference

Unfortunately it is very difficult to determine accurate values of flow

opening area and pressure difference for actual buildings, which consist

of complex air leakage passages. A limited amount of data are given in

the 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals for equivalent opening area of

typical windows, doors and walls. The pressure difference depends upon

the wind characteristics around the building and the temperature differ129a
ence between the inside and the outside of the building.

Compiled in this section is a methodology to approximately calculat

the pressure difference between a given space and its adjacent space including the outdoor. The basic mathematical principle involved is to at

tain a solution to a set of pressure difference equations of the following type:

where

'i,k

N

i,k'

net air flow out of space 1

air exchange between space 1 and space k

flow opening area between space 1 and k

flow coefficient applicable to the air

flow between the spaces i and k

pressure exponent applicable to the flow

between the spaces i and k

A special computational routine is required to solve this set of simultaneous, non- linear equations.

As mentioned previously, air leakage through various openings such

as doors, windows, window frames, pinholes in the wall and service shaft

may be approximated by an equation of the following type:

130a
LEAK = 4000 * A * K * (DP) ** N

= C * (DP) N

where

LEAK = air leakage in cu. ft per min,

A = opening area, sq. ft

K = flow coefficient, dimensionless

DP = pressure difference across the opening, inches of water

N = pressure exponent, dimensionless

C = equivalent flow coefficient (EFC)

The values of K and N vary depending upon the type of opening. Moreover,

the exact value of A is not well known for many types of openings, such

as wall pinholes or cracks around the windows. Table A-17 lists the values of Equivalent Flow Coefficient C and the flow exponent N for various

types of openings common to many buildings. These values are derived from

the air leakage data compiled in Chapter 19 "Infiltration and Natural Ventilation" of the 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.

131a
Table A- 17

C N

1. Double-hung wooden windows (locked)*

non-weather stripped loose fit 6 0 .66

average fit 2 0 .66

wpAth AT" <n t T innprl loo*^p fit 2 0 . u u

\T e^y o ^ "Fil" 1 n . u u

Window frame S'^

1 .2 n . u u

c on T"'\7' "Fir s^TTid \at\ i'lr\ r'^^iilV'tno" 0 2 0 . O D W LJUUc: LI J. X. ClLUc: J. 0 • DO

Swinging doors" 1/2" crack 160 0 .5 1/4" crack 80 0 .5

' .; V- / 1/8" crack 40 0 .5

Wallq** 8" nlain brirk 1 0 8

, , •, 8" brick and plaster 0.01 0 .8

13" brick 0.8 0 . 8

; 13" brick and plaster 0.004 0 .7 13" brick, furring, lath and plaster 0.03 0 .9

frame wall, lath and plaster 0.01 0 .55

24" shingles on 1 x 6 boards

center

on 14" 9 0 .66

16" shingles on 1 x 4 boards

center

on 5" 5 0 .66

24" shingles on shiplap 3.6 0 .7

16" shingles on shiplap 1.2 0 .66

Values of C listed for these openings are per ft of linear crack

length. **

Values of C listed for the walls are per unit area of the wall sur- face .

132a
In many instances, detailed information of air leakage characteristics is not available, but it is still possible to make a calculation.

For a modern office building of 120 ft x 120 ft plan dimension with the

floor height of 12 ft, Tamura*^^ lumped together all the leakage area

for a given floor as follows:

Table A- 18

outside wall

4 elevator shaft doors

2 stair shaft doors

floor

brench perimeter and interior air duct

return duct

vertical shafts (elevator or stairwell)

2.5 sq . ft per story

4.5

0.5

3.7

7.0

14.0

1/3 of the cross-sectional

area*

The value of C corresponding to these data can be obtained by multiplying

them by 2400 which corresponds to K = 0.6.

Data:

V: Wind speed measured at a 40 ft elevation as taken from

the weather tape, knots.

DIR: Wind direction measured clockwise from North, degrees

(see Figure A-21)

This particular data were derived from a recent and unpublished ex- periment of the National Bureau of Standards conducted on two highrise buildings.

I33a

/
WIND

DIRECTION

Figure A-21 Definition of Wind Direction Angle

N

Figure A-22 Definition of the Angle Between North and

Normal of the Surface Under Consideration

134a
DB: Outdoor air dry-bulb temperature, F

PB : Barometric pressure, in. Hg.

NF : Number of above-grade floors

HTT: Total height of building (from above-grade), ft.

TZ : Indoor air temperature, F

TS: Elevator and service shaft temperature

WA' : Direction angle of the building as defined with respect

to North and the normal of the principal surface of the

building (see Figure A-22

)

m^: Height of the floor, ft, for k = 1, 2, 3, NF

CFMSP, : Ventilation air supplied to the floor, cu ft per min,

for k = 1, 2 , 3 , , . . NF

CFMEX, : Ventilation air exhausted from the floor, cu ft per min,

for k = 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . NF

Calculation Sequence :

1. V = 1.153 V

TO = 46 0 + DB

TI = 460 + TZ

PO = 0.4910 -k PB

X = DIR - WA'

2. Wind velocity, VH, at height HT on the building, mph

VH = V 0.117 * (1 + 2.81 Log (0.305 -k HT + 4.75))

3. Theoretical wind velocity pressure, PTWV on the building,

in. H^O

PTWV = 0.000482 * (V -k-h 2)

135a
Wind direction, BWD, relative to building surfaces

BWD = 1 surface on windward side if,

-45° < X < + 45°

BWD = 2 surface on leeward side if,

90° < X < 270°

or, -90° < X < -270°

BWD = 3 surface on side if,

' 45° < X < 90°

or, -45° < X < 90°

Using Table A- 19, determine the normal wind velocity pressure

correction factor, PTKN,

:

" - ^'y ' Table A- 19 Values of PTKN

TB = 1 TB = 2 TB = 3

NSB

BWD

= 1 BWD

= 2

BWD

= 3

BWD

= 1 BWD

= 2

BWD

= 3

BWD

= 1 BWD

= 2

BWD

= 3

0.5 ol -.3 -.8 -.5 -.25 -.45 .5 .45 .45

1.0 -.1 -.25 -.5 -.5 -.2 -.3 .45 .3 .3

2.0 .1 -.25 -.4 .0 -.2 -.3 .45 .1 .1

3.0 .1 -.25 -.4 .1 -.2 -.35 .45 ,0 .0

5.0 .25 -.35 -o6 .25 -.25 -.45 .5 -.1 -.1

00 .6 -.35 -.7 .6 -.35 -.7 .6 -.35 -.7

here

TB

TB

TB

Shorter building on windward side

Equals taller building on windward side

Taller building on leeward side

136a
6. Wind velocity pressure correction factor, PTKO, for winds

obliquely to the wall surface.

If BWD = 1 (windward side of building)

(PTKO) = Cos ( I X I )

If BWD = 2 (leeward side of building)

(PTKO)^ = 1.0

If BWD = 3 (side of building)

(PTKO) = Cos ( 1 X 1 ) s ' '

Example ;

Figure A-23 DIR and WA ' Angles of Example

137a
Side 1, DIR-WA| = 110° - 45° = 65° (therefore, BWD = 3)

Side 2, DIR-WA^ = 110° - 135° = -25° (therefore, BWD = 1)

Side 3, DIR-WAj = 110° - 225° = 115° (therefore, BWD = 2)

Side 4, DIR-WA^ = 110° - 205° = 205° (therefore, BWD = 2)

Side 1, (PTKO) = Cos (-1^5°)

Side 2, (PTKO)^ = Cos (+25°)

Side 3, (PTKO)^ =1.0

Side 4, (PTKO)j^ =1.0

7. Actual wind pressure on the building at height (HT) corresponding

to floor (k): (PAWV)^

(PAWV)^ = (PTKO)j^ * (PTKN)j^ * (PTWV),

8. Stack effect pressure (PSE) on the outside of the building at

building height (HT) and floor (k) , in. H^O

(PSE)j^ = -0.52 * PC * HT/TO

9. Total pressure on the outside of the building (PCO) at floor (k),

in. H^O

(PCO)j^ = (PAWV)^ + (PSE)^

10. Pressure in the elevator and serve shafts (PSE) at height (HT)

corresponding to floor (k), in. H2O

(PSE)^ = -0.52 * PC * HT/TI + (PSE)j^

11. Choose appropriate flow coefficients and pressure exponents for

air leakage paths of each floor as follows:

Flow coefficients

CWD: Value of C for appropriate window in Table A- 17

multiplied by the total crack length of all the

windows

138a
CFM: Value of C for appropriate window frame in Table A- 17

multiplied by the total crack length of all the window frames

CDR: Value of C for appropriate door in Table A- 17 multiplied by the total crack length of all the doors

CWL: Value of C for appropriate walls in Table A-17 multif plied by the total wall area

CCL: Value of A for the ceiling from Table A-18 multiplied

by 2400

CFL: Value of A for the floor from Table A-18 multiplied

by 2400

CEL: Value of C for elevator doors

CSS: Value of C for the doors to the service shaft

and CES : Value of the cross section of the shaft multiplied by

800

Pressure exponent

NWD: Value of N for the appropriate window in Table A-17

NFM: Value of N for the appropriate window frame in Table

A-17

NDR: Value of N for the appropriate door in Table A-17

NWL: Value of N for the appropriate wall in Table A-17

NCL: 0.5

NFL: 0.5

139a
NEL: 0.5

NSS: 0.5

NFS: 0.5

^ NSE: 0.5

12. Solution of 2 * NF equations

Outdoor air leakage to k-th floor rooms* (see Figure A-23)

Window k leakage

' LEAKWD . = CWD, . * (PCO, . - PL ) ** NWD, , (1) K, J K, J K, J k K, J

Window frame leakage

LEAKFMj^^ . = CFH^^. * (PCO^^j " ** NFM^^^j (2)

Door leakage

LEAKDR^

J = CDR^ ^ * (PCO^ ^ - PI^) ** NDR^^

^ (3)

Wall leakage

LEAKWL^ . = CWL . * (PCO . - PI ) ** NWU . (4)

Ceiling leakage

LEAKCL^ ^ CCL^ *

^^•'k+1

" ** ^^^c

Floor leakage

LEAKFL^ = CFL^ * ^\-l " ** ^^'^ ^

In all of above expressions, subscript k refers to the k~th floor

and subscript j refers to the j-th side of the building where the

convention is j = 1 (south), 2 (west), 3 (north), and 4 (east).

140a
k= NF

(PCOk,j)

LEAKCL LEAKES

LEAKWL LEAKEL

(Plk)

4

LEAKFL

k=

(PSE,)

LEAKFS

Figure A-23 Air Leakage Pattern of a High-Rise Building

141a
Leakage from the elevator and service shafts*

LEAKEL, = CEL. * (PSE, - PI, ) ** NEL. k k k k

LEAKSS, = CSS, * (PSE, - PI, ) NSS. k k k k

(7)

(8)

* / Air leakage between the floor levels within the shafts—'

LEAKFS, = CFS, * (PSE, , - PSE, ) NFS, k k k-1 k 1 LEAKES, = CES, * (PSE, , - PSE, ) ** NSE, k k k-1 k I

(9)

(10)

In the previous equations, unknowns are PI^ for k = 1, 2, 3

... NF and PSE^ for k-1, 2, 3 ... NF provided that the pres

sures in all the shafts are assumed equal at a given floor

leve 1 . i

Flow balance equations at the k-th floor (the individual

quantities come from equations 1-10 above)

In all of above expressions, subscript k refers to the k-th floor

and subscript j refers to the j-th side of the building where the

convention is j = 1 (south), 2 (west), 3 (north), and 4 (east).

Rooms

*

142 a
Elevator Shaft or Service Shaft

LEAKFSj^ + LEAKESj^ - LEAKEI^* + CFMSPS^^ - CFlffiXSj^ = 0

where CFMSPSj^: ventilation air supplied at the

k-th floor in the shaft

CFMEXS, : air exhausted from the shaft at

k

the k-th floor

These 2 NF sets of flow balance equations must be solved

by an appropriate iteration technique to obtain the pressure

profiles in the building and in the shafts. Then the calculated pressure values are used to determine the air leakage

of the building.

Recently a comprehensive computer program that embodies the basic

algorithm described in this section was published by D. M. Sander and

G. T. Tamura of the National Research Council of Canada. The details

of the program are given in an NRC booklet entitled "A Fortran IV Program to Simulate Air Movement in Multi-Storey Buildings", DBR Computer

Program No. 35, (March 1973).

If this equation were for a service shaft, LEAKEL, would be replaced

by LEAKES^.

143a
DST

An Algorithm for Determining the Dates of the Daylight Savings Time

Data:

YR: Year AD

MO: Month of the year

DAY: Day of the month

The main variables calculated in this subroutine are:

DSTX: The day when daylight savings time commences

DSTY: The day when standard time resumes

DST: The daylight savings time indicator

0 during the standard time period

DST =

1 during the daylight savings time period

Calculation Sequence :

1. If MO is less than 4 or greater than 10, DST = 0.

If MO is greater than 4 and less than 10, DST = 1.

2. If MO = 4, DAY is less than 25, DST = 0.

If DAY is greater than 23, call WKDAY subroutine.

If DAY is Sunday, DSTX = DAY.

If DAY is less than DSTX, DST = 0, otherwise DST = 1.

3. If MO = 10, DAY is less than 25, DST = 1.

If DAY is greater than 24, call WKDAY subroutine.

If DAY is Sunday, DSTY = DAY.

If DAY is less than DSTY, DST = 1, otherwise DST = 0.

144a
WKDAY

An Algorithm Used to Identify the Day of the Week for Any Given

Date of the Year From 1901 to 2000

Data ;

YR: Year AD

MO: Month of the year

DAY: Day of the month

The variable calculated in this subroutine is WKDAY, the weekday indicator .

1 if Sunday

2 if Monday

3 if Tuesday

WKDAY = 4 if Wednesday

5 if Thursday

6 if Friday

7 if Saturday

Calculation Sequence :

1. Let FSTDAY(l) = 31, FSTDAY(2) = 59, FSTDAY(3) = 90, FSTDAY(4) = 120

FSTDAY(5) = 151, FSTDAY(6) = 181, FSTDAY(7) =212, FSTDAY(8) = 243

FSTDAY(9) = 273, FSTDAY(IO) = 304, FSTDAY(ll) = 334, FSTDAY(12 = 365

2. Let N = Integer part of YR/4

ND = N - 485

lY = 2, lADD = 2

If ND = 0, Go to (4)

If ND is less than 0, ND = -ND and lADD = -2

145a
Repeat the following steps for ND times

lY = lY - lADD

If lY is greater than 7, lY = lY - 7

If lY is eqxial to 0, lY =7

If lY is less than 0, lY = lY + 7

Let MD = YR - N * 4

If MD is equal to 0 IWK lY

If MD is equal to 1 IWK lY + 2

If MD is equal to 2 IWK lY + 3

If MD is equal to 3 IWK lY + 4

If IWK is greater than 7, IWK = IWK - 7

If MO is not equal to 1 go to 5

TDAY = DAY - 1

Go to 7

Repeat the following for j = 2 through 12

If MO is equal to j, let TDAY = FSTDAY (j-1) + Day - 1

Otherwise Go to 6

If MD is equal to 0 and MO is greater than 2, TDAY = TDAY + 1

Let NTX = Integer part of TDAY/7

NDX = TDAY - 7 * NTX + IWK

If NDX is greater than 7, let NDX = NDX - 7

Let WKDAY = NDX

If this routine is going to be applied for the period outside

1901-2000, the following additional algorithms must be added.

KV = First two digits of YR

146a
KTEST = Last two digits of YR

If MO < 2 or KTEST = 0, KV = KV - 1

LTEST = Remainder of KV/4

KV = 4*LV + LTEST

If LTEST = 2, WKDAY = WKDAY + I

= 1, WKDAY = WKDAY + 2

= 0, WKDAY = WKDAY + 3

Otherwise WKDAY = WKDAY - 3^^ (L - 4)

If WKDAY < 0, WKDAY = WKDAY + 7

If WKDAY > 7, WKDAY = WKDAY - 7

An alternate calculation

An alternate calculation sequence for WKDAY has been suggested-^

***** ALL INTEGER ARITHMETIC *****

1 MDAY=30* (MO-l)+(MO-2)*58/100-l

IF(M0.LE.2) MDAY=MDAY+MO

2 NIVC=IYR-(IYR/400>v400

NLYR=NIVC/4

NCEN=NIVC/100

NIC=NIVC-100*NCEN

3 IY=6-2*NLYR

4 MD=NIVC-NLYR*4

IF(MD-GEa) IY=IY+1+MD

IY=IY-NCEN

IF(NIC.EQ.0.AND-NIVC-GT.0) IY=IY+1

5 IDAYR=MDAY+IDA

6 IF(NIC'EQ'0-AND-NCEN.GE'1) GO TO 7 IF(MD-EQ.0.AND.MO.GT.2) IDAYR=IDAYR+1

7 JWK=IDAYR+IY

NDX=JWK- ( JWK/7 )*

7

IF(NDX'LE.0) NDX=NDX+7

* This was contributed by A. W. Courtney, Scientific Programming, Box

508, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48013.

147a
8 WKDAY=NDX

NOTE: IDA FORMERLY CALLED "DAY"

lYR FORMERLY CALLED "YR"

IDAYR = NUMBER OF THE DAY OF THE YEAR

0 = NUMERICAL ZERO

148a
HOLDAY

An Algorithm to Identify the National Holidays of the

United States of America

Simple modifications allow the identification of any holidays or any

special days in any country as long as the Gregorian Calendar system is

employed

.

Data ;

YR: Year AD

MO : Month

DAY: Day of the month

The primary variable calculated in this subroutine is HOL, the

holiday indicator; it is 1 if the date is a holiday and zero if

it is a non-holiday.

Calculation Sequence ;

HOL = 1

If MO 1 and DAY = I MO 12, DAY = 31 and WKDAY = 6

MO 1, DAY = 2 and WKDAY = 2

MO 2 , 22 > DAY ^ 15 and WKDAY = 2

MO 5, DAY > 25 and WKDAY = 2

MO 7 and DAY = 4

MO 7, DAY = 3 and WKDAY = 6

MO 7, DAY = 5 and WKDAY = 2

MO 9, 7 > DAY and WKDAY = 2

MO 10, 15 > DAY > 8 and WKDAY = 2

MO 10, 29 > DAY > 22 and WKDAY = 2

MO 11, 29 > DAY > 21 and WKDAY = 5

MO 12, DAY = 24 and WKDAY = 6

MO 12, DAY = 26 and WKDAY = 2

otherwise HOL = 0

149a
PSY*

Various Algorithms for Approximate Psychrometric Calculations

The following symbols are used throughout the PSY subroutines:

DB: Dry-bulb temperature, F (determined in CLIMATE)

DP: Dewpoint temperature, F (determined in CLIMATE)

^ WB: Wet-bulb temperature, F (determined in CLIMATE)

t: Temperature, either DB, WB, or DP, F

PB: Barometric pressure, in. Hg (determined in CLIMATE)

H: Enthalpy of moist air, Btu per lb of dry air

HS: Enthalpy of moist air saturated with water vapor,

PV: Partial pressure of water vapor in moist air, in. Hg

PVS: Partial pressure of water vapor in moisture saturated

air , in. Hg

V: Volume of moist air, cu ft per lb of dry air

W: Humidity ratio of moist air, lb of water vapor per

lb dry air

log(x): Natural logarithm of x

loglO(x): Common logarithm of x

When the exact Goff-Cratch method is required, algorithms described

in Reference 17 should be used. Tables A-19 and A-20 taken from

that reference list that the psychrometric properties calculated

by the PSY routines and the exact Goff -Cratch method, respectively.

From examination of these tables it can be seen that the values

calculated by the PSY subroutines are in very good agreement with

the values calculated by the exact Goff-Gratch method.

150a

I
The following algorithms are used for calculating the psychrometric

properties of moist air. All of these are not required for load calculations but are presented here in a package and can be applied in a variety of engineering applications.

PVS (t)

1. Let A(l) = -7.90298 B(l) = -9.09718

A(2) = 5,02808 B(2) = -3.56654

A(3) = -1.3816 E-7 B(3) = 0.876793

A(4) = 11.344 B(4) = 0.0060273

A(5) = 8.1328 E-3

A(6) = -3.49149

2. Let T = (t + 459.688)71.8

if T is less than 273.16, go to 3

Otherwise

Let z = 373. 16 /T

PI = A(l) * (z-1)

P2 = A(2) * loglO (z)

P3 = A(3) * (ia^*(A(4) * (l-l/z))-l)

P4 = A(5) * (10='f*(A(6) 'V (z-l))-l)

Go to 4.

3. Let z = 273.16/T

PI = B(l) * (z-1)

P2 = B(2) * loglO (z)

P3 = B(3) * (1-1/z)

P4 = log 10 (B(4)

4. PVS = 29.921 * (10** (PI + P2 + P3 + P4))

151a
PV (DB, WB, FB)

1. PVP = PVS (WB)

WS = 0.622 * PVP/(PB - PVP)

IF (WB ^32) go to 3

HL = 1093.049 + 0.441 * DB - WB

CH = 0.24 + 0.441 * WS

WH = WS - CH * (DB - WB)/HL

2. PV = FB * WH/ (0.622 + WH)

3. PV = PVP - 5.704 * lO"'^ * FB * (DB - WB)/1.8

W (DB, WB, FB)

1. VP = PV (DB, WB, FB)

2. W = 0.622 + VP/(PB - VP)

H (DB, WB, FB)

H = 0.24 * DB + (1061 + 0.444 * DB) * W (DB, WB, PB)

V (DB, WB, PB) /

1. WV = W (DB, WB, PB)

2. V = 0.754 -k (DB + 459.7) * (1 + 7000 * WV/4360)/FB

H (DB, DP, PB)

1. W = 0.622 * PVS(DF)/(PB-PVS(DP))

2. H = 0.24 * DB + (1061 + 0.444 * DB) * W

WB (H. PB)

1. If PB = 29.92 and H > 0

Let Y = log(H)

For H < 11.758

152a
WB = 0.6040 + 3.4841 * Y + 1.3601 * (Y**2) + 0.9731 * (Y**3)

For H > 11.758

WB = 30.9185 - 39.682 * Y + 20.5841 * (Y**2) - 1.758 * (Y**3)

If PB 29 . 92, or H ^ 0 solve the following equation by iterating WB

H = 0.24 * WB + (1061 + 0.444 * WB) * W (WB, WB, PB)

h. DP (PV)

1. Let Y = Log(PV)

If PV is less than 0.18036

DP = 71.98 + 24.873 * Y + 0.8927 * (YVrVc2

)

Otherwise

DP = 79.047 + 20.579 * Y + 1.8893 * (Y**2

)

Attached to this section are the Fortran listings of subroutines developed at the National Bureau of Standards which incorporate the psychrometric algorithms described above.

PVSF(X) corresponds to PVS (t

)

DPF(PV) corresponds to DP (PV)

WBSF(H,PB) corresponds to WB (H, PB)

The routine entitled PSYl generates dewpoint temperature, vapor pressure, humidity ratio, enthalpy, specific volume, and relative humidity when

the dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature and the barometric pressure

are provided as input. This subroutine essentially combines all the algorithms described in this section. PSY2 is similar to PSYl except that the

dewpoint temperature is given in lieu of the wet-bulb temperature.

153a
SUBROUTINE PSY1(DB,WB,PB,0P,PV,W,H,V,RH)

THIS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES VAPOR PR E SSU RE ( P V ) i MUM I D I T Y RATIO 1*1)

ENTHALPY(H) ,VOLUMf(V) (RELATIVE HUMIOITY(Rh) ANO ODEW-POINT

TEMPERATURE AHEN THE DRY-BULB T E M P E R A T U RE ( D B ) i W E

T - BU L B TEMPERATUR

(WB) AND BAROMETRIC PRESSURE(PB) ARE GIVEN

PVP«PVSF(WB)

I F ( OB-AB ) M , ,5

5 WSTAR-0 . fe22»PvP/ ( PB-PVP

)

IF ( WB-32. ) I I 1 ,2

1 PV«PVP-5 . 70HE-M«PB» ( DB-WB ) / J •

8

GO TO 3

M PV«PVP

60 TO 3

2 CDB« ( D8-32 t ) / 1 t 8

CWB* ( WB-32 • ) / 1 .

8

H L 5 9 7 . 3 I + 0 , *4 H n 9 • C D B - C W B CH«0,2M02*0»**Mn<?»WSTAR

EX»(WSTAR-CH«(CdB-CWB)/HL)/0.622

PV»PB*EX/ ( I t+EX

)

3 W«0.622»PV/ { PB-PV ) V«nt75H»{DB*M59,7)*(i+700Q»^/M360)/PB

H«0.2M»DB+( J06l+0,HHH*OB)«»IV

D P « D P F ( P V ) RH.PV/PVSF ( OR

)

RETURN

END . ~ ) i'-^-N;- ! - V,

SUBROUTINE PSY2(DB,DP,PR,WB|PV,W,H,V,RH)

THIS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES THE F0LL0i»/IN6S WHEN DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE

(D8 ), DEW-POINT T

E

mP E R A T U R E ( D P ) , A N 0 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE(PB) ARE GIVEN

WB WET-BULB TEMPERATURE

W HUMIDITY RATIO

H ENTHALPY

V VOLUME

PV VAPOR PRESSURE

RH RELATIVE HUMlOlTY ^ ^ n-f )i^A >.v(o PV«PVSF(DP)

PVS«PVSF ( DB )

; ,: RH«PV/PVS

W«0 • 622»PV/ ( PB-P V ) V-0.75«**(DB + M59,7)*(1+7000»W/M360)/PB

H«0«2S»DB*( 106U0,MMt»»DB)»W

WB»WBF(H,PB)

RETURN . END

154a
FUNCTION ••FfHiPBl

THIS PROGRAM APPROXIMATES THE <»ET-BULB TEMPERATURE WHEN

ENTHALPY AND BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ARE GIVEN

IF (PB.NE.2*tf 2) 60 TO 2

Y-L06 ( H

)

IF (H,GT, 1 I • 758 ) GO TO 3

WBF«0.60m*3tHaqUY+l.36Dl«Y*Y*0.97307*Y»Y*Y

GO TO H 3 WBF«30t9l85-39»f8200»Y+20.5BMl»Y*Y-1.758»Y»Y»Y

GO TO *4 2 WBl -150,

PV I -P VSF ( *B 1 ) W I «0.622»PV 1/ ( PB-PV 1 ) Xl«0.2M»WBl*(i06l*0,'+MM»WBn*M

Y I «H-X I 9 WB2-WB1-1

PV2«PVSF ( i*B2 ) W2«0.&22«PV2/ ( PB-PV2

)

X2»0t2M»WB2+( 1061+0. MMM«MIB2)*W2

Y2-H-X2

IF(YMY2) 6,7,8

8 «Bla«B2

60 TO 9

7 IF (Y I ) 10,11,10

11 «BF>«B1

60 TO M 10 WBF«WB2

GO TO M 4 Z»ABS(Yl/Y2)

ABF« ( W82»Z**B 1 ) / ( 1 +2

)

H RETURN

END

FUNCTION OPF(PV)

THIS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE FOR GIVEN VAPqR PRESSURE

Y«LOG ( PV

)

IFtPVtGT.O. 1836) GO TO 1 0PF»71.98+2H,873*Y*0.8927»Y»Y

GO TO 2

1DPF"79.0M7+3 0,579#Y+1,8893»Y»Y

2 RETURN

END

155a
FUNCTION PVSF(>t)

DIMENSION A(6)/-7,90 298,5.02808|-1.38l6E-7,ll.3'+'<

m9/,B(*4)/-9,097i8, -3.56654,0. 876793, 0,006n273/,P(

Ta(X+M59.688)/I.8

IF{T.LT, 273 , 1 6) GO TO 3

Z«373 . 1 6/T

P ( I

) = A ( I

) ( Z- I

)

P(2)=A(2)«LOGlO(Z)

2l=A(M)»(l-l/Z)

P(3)sA(3)»(in»»7l-l)

ZlaA(6)*(Z-l)

P(t4)sA(5)*ClD»«7i-l)

G 0 T 0 M Z»273.16/T

P ( 1

) sB ( I

) * ( Z - I ) P ( 2 ) =a ( 2 ) •LOG I 0 ( Z ) P{3)=B(3)*ll-l/2)

P(M)»L0G10(8{4))

suMsn

DO 5 I » I , M

, SUM=SUM+P (!)

PV5Fx29.92l»in*«5UM

RETURN

END

156a
Table A- 19

PB = ?9.9? in. Hg.

DB WR DP RH

(%)

PV W H V

fin - n 80 n 80.0 1 no - 0 X • V/ -J c- o . U C t. c o 43.57

7Q . n 78.7 95-7 • ^ o o o 4P

.

80.0 78.0 77.3 91.6 .9453 .02029 41.45 14.04

80.0 77.0 76.0 87.5 .9031 .01936 40.43 14.02

An n 74 <=> J J . ^ ^QJ ' Zi. . *+ J 1 H • u u

o U • U f ~ . u 71 1 f ' # O ft? 1 c; "^ft ZlC; 7^. f * n . u 71 A 7R ft 7ftPn .1/1 oo^ "i7 c;n 1 1 Q7

80.0 73.0 70.

1

72.0 .7433 .01584 36,57 13.95

80.0 72.0 68.6 68.3 .7054 .01502 35.67 13,93

fin «

0

7 1 • n 67 - n 64 - 7 . n D o c n 1 1 • U 1 *+ C 1 ^4 . 7ft

80 . 0 70 . n 65 ,4 61,2 - 63 1

9

- 0 1 342 33-92 1 3- 89

80.0 69, n 63.7 57,8 . 5963 .01 265 13-07

80.0 68.0 62.0 54.4 .5615 .01190 32.24 13.86

80.0 67.0 60.3 51.1 .5273 .01116 31.44 13.84

80.0 66. 0 58,4 47.8 . 4939 . 0 1 044 30 .65 13.83

80.0 65. 0 56. 5 44. 7 .461

1

.00974 29. 88 13.81

80.0 64.0 54,5 41.6 . 4290 - 00905 29. 1 2 13.80

80.0 63.0 5?,

5

38.5 ,3976 .0083«^ 28.39 13.78

80.0 6?.0 50.3 35.5 .3668 .00772 27.66 13.77

80 . 0 61.0 48 . 0 32,6 . 3366 .00708 26, 96 13. 76

80 . 0 60 • 0 45.6 29, 7 . 3070 - 0 0645 26. 27 13.74

80.0 59. 0 43.0 26.9 - 2780 .# 00583 \J \J ~J yj ^ 25 - 60 13-73

80.0 5«.0 40.2 24.2 .2495 .00523 24.94 13.71

80.0 57.0 37.3 21.5 .2216 .00464 24.29 13.70

80 . 0 56.0 34 . 0 18-8 - 1 943 . 0 040 7 23-66 1 3- 69

80.0 55.0 30.4 16.2 .1675 .00350 23.04 13.68

80.0 54.0 26.7 13.7 . 1412 .00295 22.43 13.67

80.0 53.0 22.4 11.2 , 1 154 .00241 21.84 13.65

80.0 5?.n 17.3 8.7 .0900 .00188 21.26 13.64

80.0 51 .0 10.7 6.3 .0652 .00136 20.69 13.63

80.0 50.0 1.6 4.0 ,0408 .00085 20.13 13.62

80.0 49.0 -14.6 1.6 .0169 .00035 19,59 13.61

157a
Table A-20

Moist Air Properties Calculated by the

Exact Goff-Gratch Method

PB = 29.92 in. Hg

DB WB DP RH PV W H S V

80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 1.0323 .02233 43.69 .0864 14.09

80.0 79.0 78.7 95.7 .9883 .02135 42.61 .0843 14.07

80.0 78.0 77.3 91.6 .9453 .02039 41.56 .0822 14.05

80.0 77.0 76.0 , 87.5 .9032 .01945 40.53 .0802 14.03

80.0 76 0 74 6 83 5 8690 m 854 . u / O J 1 A m

80.0 75.0 73.1 79.6 .8217 .01764 38.55 .0764 13.99

80.0 74.0 71.7 75.8 .7822 .01677 37.60 .0745 13.97

80.0 73.0 70.2 72.0 .7435 .01592 36.67 .0727 13.95

80.0 72.0 68.6 , 68.4 .7057 .01509 35.76 .0709 13.93

80.

0

71/ J- • 0w 67 1 64 8 » 6686 \J \J \J 01428 34 87 » 0692 \J\J y £m 13 91

80.0 70.0 65.5 61.2 .6323 .01349 34.00 .0675 13.90

80.0 69.0 63.8 57.8 .5967 .01271 33.15 .0658 13.88

80.0 68.0 62.1 , 54.4 .5619 .01196 32.32 .0642 13.86

80.0 67.0 60.3 51.1 .5278 .01122 31.51 .0626 13.85

80 0 66 0 58 5 47 9 4944 01 050 30 72 t 0610 \J \J J- \J 13 . 83

80.0 65.0 56.6 44.7 .4617 .00979 29.95 .0595 13.81

80.0 64.0 54.6 41.6 .4296 .00910 29.19 .0581 13.80

80.0 63.0 52.5 38.6 .3982 .00843 28.45 .0566 13.78

80.0 62.0 50.4 35.6 .3674 .00777 27.73 .0552 13.77

ou . yj ft! n Aft 1 "^7 7 9 7 n? 0538 1 3 76

80.0 60.0 45.6 29.8 .3077 .00649 26.33 .0525 13.74

80.0 59.0 43.1 27.0 .2787 .00587 25.66 .0511 13.73

80.0 58.0 40.3 24.2 .2503 .0052 7 24.99 .0498 13.72

80.0 57.0 37.3 21.5 .2224 .00468 24.35 .0486 13.70

80.0 56.0 34.0 18.9 .1951 .00410 23.71 .0473 13.69

80.0 55.0 30.5 16.3 .1683 .00353 23.09 .0461 13.68

80.0 54.0 26.8 , 13.8 .1420 .00293 22.49 .0449 13.67

80.0 53.0 22.6 11.3 .1162 .00244 21.89 .0438 13.65

80.0 52.0 17.5 8.8 .0910 .00191 21.31 .0426 13.64

80.0 51.0 11.0 6.4 .0662 .00138 20.74 .0415 13.63

80.0 50.0 2.0 4.1 .0418 .00087 20.18 .0404 13.62

158a
References

Kimura, K. , and Stephenson, D. G., "Solar Radiation on Cloudy Days",

ASHRAE Transaction, pp. 227-233, Part I, 1969.

Mitalas, G. P., and Stephenson, D. G., "Absorption and Transmission

of Thermal Radiation by Single and Double Glazed Windows", National

Research Council of Canada Report 7104, December 1962.

Stephenson, D. G., "Tables of Solar Altitude, Azimuth, Intensity,

and Heat Gain Factors for Latitudes from 43 to 55 Degrees North",

National Research Council of Canada, Division of Building Research,

Technical Paper No. 243, April 1967.

Groth, C. C, and Lokmanhekim, M. , "Shadow - A New Technique for the

Calculation of Shadow Shapes and Areas by Digital Computer", Second

Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Honolulu, Hawaii,

January 22-24, 1969.

Sun, Tseng-Yao, "Shadow Area Equations for Window Overhangs and Side

Fins and Their Application in Computer Calculation", ASHRAE Semiannual

meeting, Columbus, Ohio, February 5-8, 1968, Paper No. 2 059.

Ito, N., and Kimura, K., "Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient at the

Exterior Surface of Buildings Exposed to Natural Wind", (Japanese),

Transaction of Japanese Society of Architectural Engineering , 1968.

Robinson, H. E. and F. J. Powell, "Thermal Resistance of Air Spaces

and Fibrous Insulation Bounded by Reflective Surfaces", Building Material and Structures Report 151, National Bureau of Standards, 1957.

159a
8. Stephenson, D. G., and Mitalas, G. P., "Calculation of Heat Conduction Transfer Functions for Multi-Layer Slabs", ASHRAE Transactions ,

Vol. 77, Part II, 1971.

9. Cars law, H. S., and Jaeger, J. C, Conduction of Heat in Solids , Second Edition, 1959, page 326, Oxford at the Clarendon Press.

10. Mitalas, G. P. and J. G. Arseneault, "Fortran IV Program to Calculate

Heat Flux Response Factors for Mult i- layer Slabs, DBR Computer Program No. 23, National Research Council of Canada, 1967.

11. Kusuda, T., "Thermal Response Factors for Multi-layer Structures of

Various Heat Conduction Systems", ASHRAE Transactions , pp. 250-269,

Part I, 1969.

12. Hoglund, B. I., Mitalas, G. P., and Stephenson, D. G. , "Surface Temperatures and Heat Fluxes for Flat Roofs", Journal of Building Science ,

Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 29-36, January 1967.

13. Stephenson, D. G. and Mitalas, G. P., "Cooling Load Calculations by

Thermal Response Factor Method", ASHRAE Semiannual Meeting, Detroit,

Michigan, January 20 - February 2, 1967, Paper No. 2018.

14. Mitalas, G. P. and Stephenson, D. G., "Room Thermal Response Factors",

ASHRAE Transactions, P III 2 . 1 - 2 . 10, Part I, 1967.

15. Tamura, G., "Computer Analysis of Smoke Control with Building Air

Handling Systems", ASHRAE Journal , pp. 46-54, August 1972.

16. Bailey, A., and Vincent, N. D. G., "Wind-Pressure on Buildings Including Effects of Adjacent Buildings", Journal, Institute of Civil

Engineers, Vol. 2 0, No. 8, October, 1943.

160a
17. Kusuda, T., "Algorithms for Psychrometric Calculations", Building

Science Series 21 ^ National Bureau of Standards, January 1970.

18. Tamura, G. T. and Wilson, A. G. , "Building Pressures Caused by Chimney Action and Mechanical Ventilation", ASHRAE 74th Annual Meeting,

Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 26-28, 1967, Paper No. 2047.

19. Brown, G., "Heat Transfer at Exterior Surfaces of Buildings", (Swedish), Transactions of National Swedish Coun. Building Res. , Stockholm 27, 1956.

20. Brown, K. M. , and Conte, S. D., "The Solution of Simultaneous Nonlinear Equations" , Proceedings of 22nd National Conference, Association for Computing Machinery , pp. 111-114, 1967.

21. Haurwitz, B., "Insolation in Relation to Cloudiness and Cloud Density",

Journal of Meteorology , Vol. 9, No. 4, September 1946.

22. Kimura, K. and Stephenson, D. G., "Theoretical Study of Cooling Load

Caused by Lights", ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Lake Placid, New York,

June 24-26, 1968, Paper No. 2 087.

23. Mitalas, G. P., "An Experimental Check on the Weighting Factor Method

of Calculating Room Cooling Load", ASHRAE Transactions , 1969.

24. Mitalas, G. P., "Calculation of Transient Heat Flow Through Walls

and Roofs", ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Lake Placid, New York, June 24-

26, 1968, Paper No. 2086.

25. Sun, Tseng-Yao, "Computer Evaluation of the Shadow Area on a Window

Cast by the Adjacent Building", prepared for submission as a paper

in the future.

26. Threlkeld, J, L. , "Thermal Environmental Engineering", Prentice Hall,

1970.

161a

8. Appendix B

Weighting Factor Method of Calculating

•k Heating and Cooling Loads and Space Temperature—'

This section was prepared by D. G. Stephenson and G. Mitalas of the

National Research Council of Canada for the ASHRAE Task Group on

Energy Requirements for Heating and Cooling.

The weighting factor method is based on the assumption that the heat

transfer processes occurring in a room can be described by linear equations

and thus that the superposition principle can be used for the calculation

of cooling load and space temperature. This means that the relationship

between any excitation (e.g., power input to lights) and the corresponding

component of the cooling load can be expressed in the form of a characteristic transfer function. Once all the transfer functions have been determined for a room, they can be used to calculate the response to any excitation. The weighting factors are a convenient way of representing these

characteristic transfer functions for a room: they relate the Z-transforms

of the excitations to the Z-transforms of the corresponding cooling load

components

.

The Z-transform—^

When a continuous signal, f(t), is sampled at regular intervals of A,

the output of the sampling device is a train of pulses as shown in Figure

Bl. The Laplace transform of this output signal is

f (o) + f (A)e"^'^ + f (2A)e"^^^ + (1)

sA If Z is substituted for e , the transform of the output from the sampler

is

f(o) + f(A)z"-'- + f(2A)z"^ + (2)

This polynomial in Z

^ is the Z -trans form of the function f(t). The chief

advantage of this type of transform is that it can be obtained just by sampling the function at regular intervals: the successive outputs being the

coefficients of successive powers of Z in the Z-transform.
Signal Supplied

to Sampler

0 A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A t

Figure B-1 Pulse Representation of a Continuous Function

2b
If both the input and output of a system are expressed in terms of

their Z-transforms , the ratio of the output /input is a Z-transfer function

for the system. Assuming that such a transfer function, K(Z), can be found,

and that it can be expressed as the ratio of two polynomials in -Z

a + a,z"-^ + a„z"^ + . .

.

i.e., K(Z) = -^^ — (3)

bQ + b^Z + b^Z + . .

.

it follows that 0(Z), the Z-transform of the output that results from an

input represented by I (Z) is

0(Z) = K(Z) . I(Z) (4)

Both sides of this equation are polynomials so the coefficients of the

various powers of Z

^ must be the same on the two sides of the equation.

Thus, equating the coefficients of Z " gives

0 'b =1 -a +1 ,«a, +1 ^ ' + ... n o n o n-1 1 n-2 2

- [0 T

. b, + 0 _ . b„ + . . .} (5) n-1 1 n-2 2

where the subscript n on 0 and I indicates the value of the function at

t = nA, i.e., is the coefficient of in the Z-transform 0(Z). This

expression relates the output at any time t = nA to the input at that time

and the values of the input and output at earlier times. The coefficients

a^, a,, ... and b„, b, contain all the characteristics of the system.

3b
Cooling Load . Heat Extraction and Room Temperature

Using the Z-transfer functions approach, the cooling load is the output that results from the input, which is the heat gain. The weighting

factor sets are the transfer functions relating the cooling loads to heat

gains. The procedure for calculating cooling load is, therefore, first

to calculate the various components of the heat gain, and then to combine

them with the appropriate weighting factor sets to obtain the cooling

load. An expression like equation (5) is used to compute each component

of the cooling load.

The cooling load of a space depends on both the magnitude and the

nature of its excitations (i.e., outside air temperature, direct and diffuse solar radiation, electric energy input to lights, etc.). The resulting cooling load also depends on the location of the element that absorbs

the energy of the excitation. For example, the cooling load profile resulting from one unit of solar radiation absorbed by the window glass is

quite different from that of one unit of solar radiation absorbed by the

floor surface. To shorten the computation of cooling load, the heat gain

must be subdivided into a limited number of components. For example, the

total heat gain by a space can be represented by the following components:

(1) Heat gain through window. (HEATG and HEATG)

(2) Heat gain through exterior walls and roofs. (HEATX)

(3) Total power input to lights. (HEATIS)

(4) Heat gain through doors, partitions, underground walls

and floors, and due to internal heat sources other than

lights. (HEATDP)

(5) Sensible heat gain due to infiltration. (HEATYS)

4b
Each of these heat gain components is calculated on the basis of a

constant air temperature in the space. The actual air temperature generally deviates from this reference value, and consequently the rate of heat

extraction from the space, HE, differs from the cooling load. The calculation of actual room air temperature and heat extraction rate is the final

step in the sequence of calculation: in this case, the previously calculated cooling load is the input along with the characteristics of the air

conditioning unit; and heat extraction rate and air temperature are the

outputs. If this transfer function is expressed in the form

V w ^ = Sx. z"j/l +i:y. z"J,

^ o

J 1J

or V w

HE = CL + I X . * 6 . - S y . * (HE . - CL . ) (6

)

n n ^ J n-j ^

' n-j n-j

where 6 is the deviation of actual air temperature from the reference value

used to calculate the heat gains.

The heat extraction rate given by equation (6) must match the rate

given by the characteristic of the air conditioning unit. For example,

a cooling unit with a simple proportional control system has a characteristic of the form

HE = C + D * 6 (7) n n

where

C = heat extraction rate of the unit operating in a room

at the reference temperature

5b
D = change in the rate of heat extraction caused by one

degree rise in room air temperature

Equations (6) and (7) can be combined to give an explicit expression

for 6 n

V w

CL - C + Sx.*6 .-i:y.*(HE .-CL .)

: , 6 = "

1

J 1J (8)

D - x

o

and then equation (7) can be used to evaluate HE^.

Equation (8) can be used to calculate 6^ even if the cooling equipment is off: when the equipment is not operating, C and D are both zero.

Calculation of Room Weighting Factors

The calculation of the room weighting factors is based on the solu3 4/ tion of a set of heat balance equations for all the room air—'— (RMTMP).

A computer program for evaluating weighting factors has been developed by

the National Research Council of Canada—^, based on the procedure given

in Reference 4.

Three different groups of room weighting factor sets are computed by

this program:

(1) The first group is very large, consisting of a set of

factors for each excitation at each surface.

(2) The second group combines all of the sets in group 1

that pertain to diffuse solar radiation into a single

set; it combines all of the sets for direct solar radiation incident on the room surfaces other than inside

window pane, floor, and furniture into another combined set; and lastly, it combines all the sets that

6b
pertain to excitation by the power supplied to the

lights into a single set.

(3) The third group of factors carry the consolidation

of the various sets of the limit: there is just one

set of factors for each component of heat gain.

It is not intended that the first group should be used directly for

room cooling or heating load calculations, as the second group give es6 / sentially the same results with considerably less computation— . The

further simplication provided by the use of the third group require that

the following assumptions be made:

(1) That the heat gain through room envelope components

can be calculated with sufficient accuracy using combined inside surface heat transfer coefficient and

that the room weighting factors are the same for heat

gain through window, opaque outside wall, corridor

wall and a roof.

(2) That the fraction of the solar radiation absorbed

by the window glass and shade, and transmitted directly into the room as well as the portions absorbed

by various room surfaces and furniture are constant

during the day.

It is probable that the first assumption will not introduce significant errors; however, the second assumption is questionable. At this time,

research information is lacking to establish the possible magnitude of the

error introduced by this assumption.

7b
The procedures given in this report to convert room excitation to

cooling load and heat extraction are based on the third group of room

weighting factors, i.e., RMRG, RMEIX, RMRT and RMRTS. In addition, simplified procedures are given for the calculation of the RMRT and RMRTS

sets. If the highest possible precision is important, weighting factors

in the second group should be used.

References '

(1) T. R. Ragazzini and G. F. Franklin, "Sampled-Data Control Systems",

McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1958.

(2) E. I. Jury, "Theory and Application of the Z-transform Method", Wiley,

1964. :

(3) D. G. Stephenson and G. P. Mitalas, "Cooling Load Calculations by

Thermal Response Factor Method", ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 73, Part

1, 1967. < , : ^ ; ^

(4) G. P. Mitalas and D. G. Stephenson, "Room Thermal Response Factors",

ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 33, Part 1, 1967.

(5) G. P. Mitalas and J. G. Arseneault, "Fortran IV Program to Calculate

Weighting Factors for a Room".

(6) G. P. Mitalas, "An Experimental Check on the Weighting Factor Method

of Calculating Room Cooling Load", presented at ASHEIAE Denver Meeting, 1969.

(7) G. P. Mitalas, "Calculations of Transient Heat Flow Through Walls

and Roofs, ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 74, Part II, 1968.

8b
(8) D. G. Stephenson and G. P. Mitalas, "Transient Heat Conduction

Through Walls and Roofs, prepared for submission to the International

Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.

(9) T. Kusuda, "Thermal Response Factors for Multi-layer Structures of

Various Heat Conduction Systems, presented at ASHRAE Chicago Meeting, 1969.

(10) G. P. Mitalas and J. G. Arseneault, "Fortran IV Program to Calculate

Heat Flux Response Factors for Multi-Layer Slabs, DBR Computer Program No. 23, National Research Council of Canada, 1967.

9b

9 . Appendix C

NBSLD Data Forms
(
Introduction

This manual contains the input data forms with instructions for

preparing data needed to perform heating and cooling load calculations

using NBSLD.

In addition, the manual contains engineering data needed for the

computations so that the use of other handbooks or references are generally unnecessary. The required numerical data are to be filled into

blank spaces provided on each DATA SHEET and then each sheet can be used

directly at a computer terminal or to produce a data card if the program

is being run in "batch mode" at a central facility.

/
General Instruction

Figure C-L shows the flow diagram or sequence for the data preparation. .

;

Schedule Profile data sheets A, B, C and D are prepared for a building and are assumed the same for all zones or rooms within the building.

DATA SHEETS 1 through 3 are prepared for each different building,

thus need not be repeated for the analysis of rooms within the same building. „. . ..

. y,. ...

DATA SHEETS 6 and 7 usually need to be prepared only for the first

room of the building, because other rooms that follow in the same building usually employ the same wall, roof, and floor constructions.

When two rooms have identical shape and construction and differ only

in orientation, the second room is considered to be rotated with respect

to the first room and requires only DATA SHEETS 4 and 5.

I 2c
DATA SHEET PREPARATION GUIDE

Terminal Data

Building Name

Are the schedules different from those used in the previous building

calculation?

Schedule Data A, B, C Sheet

DATA SHEET 1 2, 3

» 4

DATA SHEET 4 and 5

No

No

Is the room different from the previous room except its orientation?

No Are the Wal 1 /Roof /Fl oor data used in the previous calculations different from those to be used for this room?

c

DATA SHEET 6 and 7

Are all the Wa 1 1 /Roof / Fl oor data prepared?

No

Blank Card

DATA SHEET 9. 10

flo DATA SHEET 11. 12

Are all the data for room surfaces completed? ]>

DATA SHEET 13

No <I

Is this the Design Day Calculation? D

DATA SHEET 14

Are all the rooms in the building completed? DNo

Blank

3c
Operational Data

RUNID: Index for the calculation of Conduction Transfer Functions:

RUNID = 1 if the load calculation being made for this particular run requires the generation of Conduction Transfer

Functions for the walls, roof, ceilings and floors in the

4 building. The Conduction Transfer Functions generated during the run will be stored in tape unit 8 for the future

rerun.

RUNID = 2 if the Conduction Transfer Functions have already

been calculated and stored in tape unit 8 and this particular run does not require the generation of new Conduction

Transfer Functions.

RUNTYP: Index for the types of calculations to be performed:

RUNTYP = 1 if the calculation is for the hour by hour determination of heating and cooling load for a specified

period by making use of weather data tape (unit 7).

RUNTYP = 2 if the calculation is for the design heating

and cooling load. A weather data tape is not required

for this run.

ASHRAE: Index for the weighting factor usage:

ASHRAE = 0 if the Weighting Factor Method of the ASHRAE

Task Group is replaced by a more exact calculation procedure developed at the National Bureau of Standards.

4c
ASHRAE = 1 if the Weighting Factor Method of the ASHRAE

Task Group is used to convert the heat gains and losses

to loads.

IDETAL: Index for the output specification:

IDETAL = 0 if output of the run is only the daily maximum

and the daily total heating and cooling loads.

IDETAL = 1, output of the run will display input data and

details of intermediate results such as Conduction Transfer Functions, Radiation heat exchange factors, solar

radiation and solar heat gain.

METHOD: Index for the treatment of room surface radiation heat

exchange calculation:

METHOD = 0 if the radiation exchange among the room surfaces are treated individually on room by room basis.

METHOD = 1 if a building zone is treated as a box and

all the interior partition walls and floor /ceiling sandwich constructions are treated as a single slab to be

distributed uniformly on the floor of the box as an

extra layer for that floor.

RFMIAP : Tape drive unit number for the tape to be used by the

system simulation program of Ross F. Meriwether. If

no tape is needed, RFMTAP = 0.

5c
(integer variables)

RUNID RUNTYP ASHRAE IDETAL METHOD RFMTAP

6c
Building Name

NAMEBD

Identification of the job, name of the building, address or other

pertinent information may be used within the limit of 34 alphabetical/

numerical characters.

NAMEBD

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2B 29 30 31 32 33 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

Start from Column 3 (Alphanumeric data)

7c
Schedule Profile-A

QLITX: Normalized* daily schedule (24-hour profile) or power input

for lighting during the weekdays.

QEQUX: Normalized* daily schedule (24-hour profile) of power input

for electrical appliances and other equipment (other than

those involved for heating /coo ling equipment) during the

weekdays

.

QOCUP: Normalized* daily schedule (24-hour profile) of occupancy

(number of adults) during the weekdays.

QLITX

QEQUX

Having a value between 0 and 1.

8c
9c
Schedule Profile-B*

QLITX', QBQUX', QOCUP ' are the same as QLITX, QBQUX and QOCUP re- spectively except that these data are for the weekends.

QLITX'

QEQUX*

QOCUP*

* These data should be all zero for the design day calculation.

10c
Schedule Profile-C*

QLITX", QEQUX", QOCUP" are the same as QLITX, QEQUX, and QOCUP respectively except that these data are for the holidays.

QLITX"

QEQUX"

QOCUP'^

These data should be all zero for the design day calculations.

11c
Schedule Profile-D

Room Temperature and Humidity Schedule

RMDBS : 24 hour profile of room thermostat setting during the occupied cooling day, °F.

RMDBW: 24 hour profile of room thermostat setting during the occupied heating day, °F.

RMDBWO: Constant room thermostat setting during the unoccupied heating day, °F.

RMDBSO: Constant room thermostat setting during the unoccupied cooling day, °F.

RHW: Constant room relative humidity setting during the occupied

heating days, %.

RHS : Constant room relative humidity setting during the occupied

cooling days, %.

12 c
RMDBS

RMDBW

RMOBWO RMDBSO RHW RHS

13 c
Data Sheet 1*

NDAY: Number of days for which the calculations are to be performed.

NSKIP Number of days to be skipped in case the computation does

not start from the first day of the weather tape, which

is usually 00 hour, of January 1 if standard NCC 1440

tape is used.

TAPE 2: Tape unit or file number for the output tape, if 0 an

output tape or file is not produced. The output tape

or file contains the hourly load and weather data needed

for the system simulation.

NDAY NSKIP TAPE 2

(integer data)

For the design calculation or when RUNTYP is 2, all three variables

listed here can be input as 0.

14 c
Data Sheet 2*

Month; Month for which the calculation is to be done.

Day: Day of the month on which the calculation is to be done.

ELAPS : Number of days elapsed from January 1 to reach the design day. For example, it is 2 01 for July 21 of a nonleap year

.

DBMAX: Maximum outdoor temperature of the design day for cooling (see Table Cl which has been taken from the 1972

ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals).

RANGE: Daily range of the outdoor temperature during the design

day, °F, (see Table Cl).

WBMAX: Summer design wet -bulb temperature, °F, (see Table Cl).

DBMWT : Design outdoor air temperature for the heating load calculation, °F, (see Table Cl).

TGS : Summer design ground temperature, °F, (see Table Cl).

TGW: Winter design ground temperature, °F, (see Table Cl).

If a weather tape is being used and a conventional design calculation

is not being done, all variables listed here can be input as 0 except

TGS, TGW and UG.

15c
• .... I

i

UG: Ground heat transfer coefficient for design heating load

calculations based upon Chapter 21, 1972 ASHRAE Handbook

of Fundamentals, Btuh* , (use 0.1 if uncertain).

MONTH DAY ELAPS DBMAX RANGE WBMAX DBMWT TGS TOW UG

Btuh = Btu per (hr) (sq . ft.) (°F).

16 c
Data Sheet 3

LONG: Longitude of the building location, degrees.

LAT: Latitude of the building location, degrees (see Table Cl)

TZN: Time zone nvimber

:

5 Eastern Standard time zone

6 Central Standard time zone

7 Mountain Standard time zone

8 Pacific Standard time zone

ZLF: Room exterior wall perimeter, ft.*.

RHOW : Outdoor air relative humidity for a design heating load

calculation, %.

(real variable)

LONG LAT TZN ZLF RHOW

For interior space, use the perimeter bounded by non-air conditioned

spaces

.

The value of ZL is needed only when ASHRAE =1. If the value is un- known use ZL = 10. For the case ASHRAE = 0 use ZL = 0.

17c
Data Sheet 4

NAMERM

After this card, the data that follow will refer to this specific

room or space in the building.

AME OF THE ROOM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 X

Start from Column 3

(Alphanumeric data; 34 columns maximum)

*»o.-o.t.-a.'

18c
Data Sheet 5

IROT: Room rotation index:

=0: if the room load is to be calculated without reference to any previously described room.

= number of degrees: if this room is to be the same as

the previous room except for rotation clockwise a

specified number of integer degrees.

ISKIP: Wall/Roof /Floor construction data skip:

=0: if the room requires a new set of wall/roof /floor

construction data.

=1: if the wall/roof /floor data used by the previous

room is reused for this room. If ISKIP - 0, data

sheets 6 and 7 should be omitted.

INCLUD: Space load summation index:

= 1: space load not included in the summation.

= 0: space load included in a summation of the space

load of the previous room.

(integer variables)

IROT ISKIP INCLUD

19c
. Data Sheet 6

Wall /Roof /Floor -A

N: number of layers of composition in a given wall/roof /floor construction.

By referring to the data of Table C3 (taken from the 1972 ASHRAE

Handbook of Fundamentals), give the following information for each of

the layers starting from the innermost layer to the Nth layer, which is

the outermost layer.

L: Thickness of the layer, ft.

K: Thermal conductivity of the layer, Btuh per (hr) (ft) (°F) .

P: Density of the layer material, lb per cu. ft.

C: Specific heat of the layer material, Btu per (lb) (°F)

.

R: Thermal resistance value of the layer in (hr) (sq . ft.) (°F) per

Btu. ' ' ^.'j.-a'

For the calculation where the ASHRAE weighting factor method is used

(ASHRAE = 1), the inner most layer is always the inside surface thermal

resistance. If ASHRAE = 0, omit the inside surface thermal resistance.

Outside surface thermal resistance is never used in all cases.

The value of R is to be given only when the layer has no apparent

thermal mass. If the value of L, K, P, and C are given, R should be zero.

If R is given, L, K, P, and C should all be zero, in particular, L should

be zero even if it is physically non-zero. For the ground floor, add a

finite thickness slab consisting of a 12" thick earth layer.

20c
Note: (1) At least one of the N layers should have non-zero values

of L, K, P, and C.

(2) If two or more consecutive layers have no thermal mass,

their thermal resistance values should be combined.

(3) If a particular wall is considered to have no appreciable thermal mass, or if it is desired not to consider

the thermal mass effect, data for this particular wall

should not be included in the data sheets.

IRF^<

1

(integer)

N

(real number)

L K P C R

1st LAYER- innermost

2ncl LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

IRF is not the input data in this data sheet. It is the identifier of

the particular wall in the sheet.

21c
Data Sheet 7

Wall/Roof /Floor-B

Twenty-four characters are allowed for the brief description of each

layer, such as "common brick" or "1/2" plaster board", etc.

The description should identify the corresponding layer given on

Data Sheet 6

.

The set of wall/roof /floor data and accompanying description will be

repeated as many times as there are number of different wall/roof /floor

constructions (with an upper limit of 9) pertinent to the room under consideration. Each new set of wall/roof /floor construction will be identified by the IRF number on DATA SHEET 6 (upper right hand corner).

After the last wall/roof /floor has been given, provide a line with

0 or a blank card to indicate that fact.

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card if 1 his is t he last wal /roof/floor

(Alphonumeric information)

22c
Data Sheet 6

IRF

2

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER - innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

—

Blank card if his is t he last wal /roof/f loor

1 1 (Alphanumefic information)

23c
iir

3

Data Sheet 6

'

N

1L

uf\ D r On

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank cord if 1 his is nhe lost wal /roof/floor

1 (Alphanumeric Information)

24c
IRF

4

Data Sheet 6

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card if his is t he last wal /roof/f loor

(Alphanumeric information)

25c
Data Sheet 6

IKF

5

N

K R

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card If this is ttw lost wol /roof/floor

(Alphanumtric information)

26c
IRF

6

Data Sheet 6

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blan k card if 1 his is t he lost wal /roof/f loor

1 1 (Alphanumeric information)

27c
Data Sheet 6

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card if 1\h\s is t he last wal /roof/floor

(Alphanumeric information)

28c
Data Sheet 6

Wall/Roof /Floor-A

IRF

8

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blan k card if 1^his is t he last wal /roo f/floor

II 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 I I (Alphonumerlc Information)

2 9c
Data Sheet 6

IRF*

9

N

L K —

p

, , C R

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

—„

Blank card if his is t he last wal /roof/floor

1 (Alphanumeric information)

IRF should not exceed 9 since IRF = 10 is reserved for very lightweight

walls, doors and windows in Data Sheet 11.

30c
CFMS : Flow rate of outdoor air introduced for natural cooling purposes, cu. ft. per minute, for the temperature calculation,

or the flow rate of outdoor air brought into the room by

mechanical means during the occupied period to reduce the

cooling load (NVENT = 1). This data should be zero when

RUNTYP (page 4c) = 1.

ARCHGS: Infiltration in terms of number of air changes per hour during the summer* months.

ARCHGW: Infiltration in terms of number of air changes per hour during the winter** months

.

ARCHGM: Minimum infiltration in terms of air changes per hour when

ARCHGS = 0 and ARCHGW = 0.

ZNORM: Number of rooms of the same type being described in the building.

June through September

.

October through May.

ROOMNO QLITY QEQPX QCU FLCG FRAS TS CFMS ARCHGS ARCHGW

ARCHGM ZNORM

32 c
Data Sheet 8

ROOMNO: Room identification nvunber.

QLITY: Maximum lighting power input to the room, expressed as watts

per sq . ft. of floor area (see Table C4).

QEQPX: Maximum electric power input for the appliances and other

equipment in the room exclusive of the heating and air conditioning equipment, expressed as watts per sq . ft. of floor

area (see Table C4).

QCU: Maximum number of adult occupants in the room during the

day (count a child as 0.5).

FLCG: Fraction of electric power for lighting which can be assumed

to go directly to the return air.

FRAS: Fraction of internal heat gains which can be assumed to be

absorbed by the room surfaces instantaneously (as a result

of radiation).

TS : Supply air temperature to the room from heating/cooling system, °F, for the room temperature calculation, or the upper

temperature limit on outdoor air which can be brought in

during the occupied period to reduce the cooling load

(NVENT = 1) - Data Sheet 16.

31c
Data Sheet 9*

IW: Building weight index:

IW = 1 Heavy structure (approximately 70 lb per sq . ft.

of floor use or above).

IW = 2 Medium weight structure (between 30 and 70 lb per

sq . ft. of floor area).

IW = 3 Lightweight structure (below 30 lb per sq . ft. of

floor area).

IL: Lighting fixture index.

ISTART: Starting hour of occupancy.

ILEAVE: Ending hour of occupancy.

This data is used only when ASHRAE = 1.

33c
NOT VENTED VENTED TO VENTED TO

RETURN AIR SUPPLY AND

RETURN AIR

IL=I IL=2 IL=3 IL=4

FLUORESCENT FIXTURES INCANDESCENT

LIGHT

IW IL ISTART 1 LEAVE

34c
Data Sheet 10

Temperature Control Data

TUL: Upper limit of thermostat, above which the room requires

cooling, °F.

TLL: Lower limit of thermostat, below which the room requires

heating, °F.

QCMAX: Maximvim sensible cooling capacity of the room air supply

system, Btu per hour (for the design load calculation

this data should be zero) ... non-negative value.

QHMAX: Maximiom sensible heating capacity of the room air supply

system, Btu per hour (for the design load calculation this

data should be zero) ... non-negative value.

DBVMAX: Maximum outdoor temperature when the natural cooling by

ventilation (economizer cycle) is used.

DBVMIN : Minimum outdoor temperature, below which the economizer

cycle is disengaged.

TUL TLL QCMAX QHMAX DBVMAX DBVMIN

35c
Data Sheet 11

, Temperature Control Indices, ITHST and ITK

ITHST = 1, ITK = 0: The hourly profile of room temperature, either

constant or night setback, is prescribed ...

Figure C2

.

ITHST = 0, ITK = 1: The room temperature is to be calculated for

the room which is neither heated nor cooled ...

Figure C3

.

ITHST = 1, ITK = 1: The upper and lower limit of the room temperature

are given. The room will be heated if the room

temperature falls below the lower limit TLL and

the room is cooled if the room temperature rises

above the upper limit TUL. As long as the room

- ' j temperature is between these two limits, the room

is neither heated nor cooled ... Figure C4

.

ITHST = 0, ITK = 0: The same as above except that the maximum capacities of heating and cooling systems are introduced. If the room heating and cooling loads

exceed the system heating and cooling capacities

respectively, the room temperature drift from

' the set points TLL and TUL is calculated ...

Figure C5

.

36c
ITHST ITK

37c
(I) CONSTANT TEMPERATURE MODE

(ITHST = I) ITK =0

TSET

TIME

Figure C2
(3) PRESCRIBE TEMPERATURE LifllT MODE

(ITHST=I ) (ITK=I)

Figure C5 39c
Data Sheet 12

NS : Number of different type heat transfer surfaces in the south wall

NW: Number of different type heat transfer surfaces in the west wall,

NN: Number of different type heat transfer surfaces in the north wall

NE: Nijmber of different type heat transfer surfaces in the east wall

L: Length of the room along the south wall, ft

W: Width of the room along the west wall, ft.

H: Height of the room ft

.windows

m

door

West T Wall W

North Wall

South Wall

HEast

Wall Ceiling

40c
(integers )*

NS NW NN NE

L W H

(real values)

NS + NW + NN + NE should not exceed 28.

41c
Data Sheet 13*

ITYPE : Exposure surface type index:

=1 if roof.

=2 if exterior wall.

=3 if window or glass door.

.., =4 if door

.

=5 if floor on ground or basement wall.

=6 if partition walls, party walls, floor /cei ling , furnishings and other internal mass. =7 if completely open.

=8 if the adjacent space is not air conditioned and will be

considered as having a temperature the same as the outdoors.

IRF: Roof /wall/floor construction identifier index shown in

the upper right corner of the roof /wall/floor data sheet

6. If not applicable (such as the cases for lightweight

walls, doors and windows), which are not specified in

data sheets 6 and 7. IRF = 10.

A: Area of the surface, sq . f t

.

AZW: Surface orientation angle, degrees clockwise from south:

0 for south facing surface, roof /ceiling or floor.

45 for southwest facing surface.

See note on data sheet 14.

42 c
90 for west facing surface.

135 for northwest facing surface.

180 for north facing surface.

-135 for northeast facing surface.

-90 for east facing surface .

U: Overall heat transfer coefficient of a surface (Btuh) for

which the data for roof /wall/floor are not provided (IRF

10). For the surface for which roof /wall/floor data are

provided (IRF ^ 10), U should be zero because it will be

computed in the program.

SHADE: Shading coefficient for the ITYPE - 3 surface (window or

glass door) (see Table C5 which has been taken from the

1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals). For all other

types of surfaces J this parameter should be zero.

ABSP : Solar absorption coefficient for the exterior surface

(see Table C6 which has been taken from Thermal Radiation Properties Survey , G. G. Gubareff, J. E. Jansen,

and R. H. Torborg, HonejAA/ell Research Center, 1960).

This value should be zero for the surfaces of ITYPE = 3,5,6 and 7 , and 8

.

SHDW: Shadow parameter = 1 if completely shaded by an adjacent

building or an external shading device; = 0 if otherwise.

43c
44c
Data Sheet 14*

Room Surfaces - B

(Exterior Shading Device Data)

Data are given in ft. and as dictated by the figure below,

SHADOW I INPUT DATA

45c
FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

The sequence of input should be roof /ceiling , south facing surfaces,

west facing surfaces, north facing surfaces, east facing surfaces and

floor. While each vertical exposure can accommodate more than one type

of surface such as wall, door and window, only one surface should be

given for floor and roof /ceiling

.

Data Sheets 11 and 12 are to be repeated for each of all the surfaces

of the room.

46c
Repetition of Data Sheets 13 and 14

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bi CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

47c
Repetition of Data Sheets 13 and 14

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

48c
Repetition of Data Sheets 13 and 14

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl

' CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2
Repetition of Data Sheets 13 and 14

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHOW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

50c
Data Sheet 15*

UENDW: Overall heat transfer coefficient of the end walls (gables) of

the attic space, Btuh.

UCELNG: Overall heat transfer coefficient of the ceiling under the attic,

Btuh.

AENDW: Area of the attic end walls, sq. ft.

ATCHT: Attic space height, ft.

ARCHGA: Air change per hr . for attic.

AIRNT: Nighttime air change multiplier with respect to ARCHGA.

UENDW UCELNG AENDW ATCHT ARCHGA AIRNT

This data sheet provides information for the attic space with a flat

roof. If gabled roof, it must be treated as an equivalent flat roof.

51c
Data Sheet 16

lEXTED: Exterior shading control index:

lEXTED = 1 if the exterior shading device is controlled to

cut down the direct solar heat gain.

lEXTED = 0 if the exterior shading device is not controlled.

lEXMS : The month at which the exterior shading device control starts.

lEXME : The month at which the exterior shading device control ends.

NTVNT : Ventilation air change per hour during the unoccupied period

to precool the building. The ventilation system is assumed on

only during the cooling season when

a. The room temperature exceeds 75 °¥

.

b. Outdoor temperature is below 70 °F.

NVENT : Natural ventilation index

NVENT = 1 if outdoor air is brought in during the occupied

period to minimize the cooling load.

NVENT = 0 otherwise.

(integer data)

lEXTED lEXMS lEXME NTVNT NVENT

52 c
Run Sequence

The step by step procedure to perform the heating and cooling load

calculation by using NBSLD on the INFONET system is as follows:

1. Complete the data forms described in this manual.

2. Check the data for probable errors.

3. Turn the computer terminal on.

4. Dial the computer center and listen to the high-pitched

tone

.

5. Place the telephone receiver onto the acoustic coupler of

the terminal.

6. Hit the key "T"

.

The computer responds with

"PORT:" Port number

"CENTER:"

Type in after "CENTER:" BB

The computer responds then with

"LOGON:"

Type in your identification number after "LOGON:".

7. The computer then returns the carriage of the terminal and

types I

8. Every time the computer waits for your command, it responds

with I at the first position of the carriage. Following in

the sequence of the commands needed to perform the load calculations .

53c
EQUATE 7 WETDAT

Type in the data from your data forms

as illustrated in Figure Cl.

... all the data are completed.

close the data file.

computer time unit used in the data

preparation.

Weather tape file name.

Output tape No. 1.

Output tape No. 2.

I EQUATE 9 SPACE 1

I EQUATE 10 SPACE 2

Instruction for the terminal data input

Type in the following terminal data:

RUNID, RUNTYP, ASHRAE, IDETAL, METHOD

At this point, the computer starts the load calculation and output such as shown in PI 03 will be typed out on the terminal.

54 c
Weather Tape Handling

The use of Weather Data Tape 1440 provided by the National Climatic

Center may be made as follows:

1. Request the tape containing data for specified years from

the National Climatic Center

G. McKay or D. Calloway

Environmental Data Services

Asheville, North Carolina 28801

Telephone: (704) 254-0961

Remember that beginning January 1, 1965 a new program was

initiated for most Weather Bureau Stations reducing the

number of hourly observations being recorded from 24 to

8 per day. This format is not compatible with NBSLD as

it is presently written since it requires hourly weather

data. Note that the tape is 7 channel, 556 BPI density

and of even parity.

2. Have the tape mailed to INFONET computing center at the

fo 1 low ing address:

Mr. K. Walls

Center 1 INFONET Division

Computer Science Corporation

650 North Sepulveda Blvd.

El Segundo, California 90245

3. Ask INFONET to assign a Volume number such as USOOl.

4. The tape 1440 is then decoded and stored into a weather

data file name of which may be obtained by the following

INFONET commands:

55c
! DEVICES, QUEUE 0,0,1

I EQUATE 9 WETDAT

I WETHER

VOL, DENS, PARITY, TRACK

VOL : Tape name

.

DENS: Tape density in BPI.

PARITY: Date parity, either even or odd.

TRACK: Track number, either 7 or 9.

ISKIP, NDAY, IWRITE ... data

where ISKIP: Number of days to be skipped from the

beginning of the tape.

: - NDAY: Number of days for which the weather

data are to be stored in the file.

IWRITE = 1 : if the weather data are to be printed

out on the terminal as they are processed and stored; otherwise zero.

The constants of WETDAT may be checked by a separate routine

WETAP by

: EQUATE 9 WETDAT

I WETAP

NDAY, NSKIP

where NDAY: Number of days for which the weather data

are to be displayed on the terminal.

NSKIP: Number of days to be skipped from the beginning of the file WETDAT.

56c
When the use is made of WETDAT in any other program, it can be

read in the Fortran program as follows:

READ (9) DB, DP, WB, WS , PB, TC , NTOC, DAY, lYEAR, MONTH, ICITY

where DB, DD, WB, WS , PB, TC, and NTOC are all dimensioned 24

and represent respectively dry-bulb temperature, dewpoint temperature, wet-bulb temperature, wind speed, barometric pressure,

total cloud amount, and type of cloud.

57c

Table Cl

Design Weather Data

Reprinted by permission from the 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals, (American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 345 East

47th Street, New York), pp. 669-687.
Climatic Condition! for United States and Canada* '

Co/. 7 Cof. 2

Latitude'

O 1

Co/. 3

ft

Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- treme!

Co/. *

99% 97i%

^dent' Wind

Velocit/'

Col. 6

Design Dry-iulb Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Col. 8

Design Wet-Bulb

1% 2i% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

AUBAMA

Alexander City 33 0 660 12 16 20 L 96 94 93 21 79 78 77 33 4 599 12 17 19 L 96 94 93 21 79 78 77 Auburn 32 4 730 17 91 25 T, 98 96 95 91 80 79 78

33 3 610 14 19 22 L 97 94 93 21 79 78 77

34 4 580 10 15 19 L 97 95 94 22 79 78 77 Dothan AP 31 2 321 19' 23 27 L 97 95 94 20 81 80 79 34 5 528 8 13 17 L 97 95 94 22 79 78 77 Gadsden 34 0 570 11 16 20 L 96 94 93 22 78 77 76

Huntsville AP 34 4 619 -6 13 17 L 97 95 94 23 78 77 76 Mobile AP 30 4 211 21 26 29 M 95 93 91 18 80 79 79

Mobile CO 30 4 119 24 28 32 M 96 94 93 16 80 79 79 Montgomery AP 32 2 195 18 22 26 L 98 95 93 21 80 79 78

Selma-Craig AFB 32 2 207 18 23 27 L 98 96 94 21 81 80 79 Talladega 33 3 565 11 15 19 L 97 95 94 21 79 78 77 Tuscaloosa AP 33 1 170 r 14 19 23 L 98 96 95 22 81 80 79 ALASKA

Anchorage AP 61 1 90 -29 -25 -20 VL 73 70 67 15 63 61 59 Barrow 71 2 22 -49 -45 -42 M 58 54 50 12 54 51 48

Fairbanks AP 64 5 436 -59 -53 -50 VL 82 78 75 24 64 63 61 Juneau AP 58 2 17 — 11 _ 7 — 4 L 75 71 68 15 66 64 62 Kodiak 57 3 21 4 8 12 M 71 66 63 10 62 60 58 Nome AP 64 3 13 -37 -32 -28 L 66 62 59 10 58 56 54 ARIZONAt

Douglas AP 31 3 4098 13 18 22 VL 100 98 96 31 70 69 68

Flagstaff AP 35 1 6973 -10 0 5 VL 84 82 80 31 61 60 59 Fort Huachuca AP 31 3 4664 18 25 28 VL 95 93 91 27 69 68 67 Kingman AP 35 2 3446 18 25 29 VL 103 100 97 30 70 69 69

31 2 3800 15 20 24 VL 100 ()fi j\j 31 79 71 70

Phoenix AP 33 3 1117 25 31 • 34 VL 108 106 104 27 77 76 75

Prescott AP 34 4 5014 7 15 19 VL 96 94 91 30 67 66 65 Tucson AP 33 1 2584 9Q 32 VTV L-i 105 102 100 74 73 72 Winslow AP 35 0 4880 2 9 13 VL 97 95 92 32 66 65 64 Yiimn AP 32 4 199 32 37 40 VL 111 109 107 27 79 78 77 ARKANSAS

Blytheville AFB 36 0 264 6 12 17 L 98 96 93 21 80 79 78

33 4 116 13 19 23 L 99 97 96 21 81 80 79 El Dorado AP 33 1 252 13 19 23 L 98 96 95 21 81 80 79

Fayetteville AP 36 0 1253 3 9 13 M 97 95 93 23 77 76 75

Fort Smith AP 35 2 449 9 15 19 M 101 99 96 24 79 78 77

34 3 710 12 18 22 M 99 97 96 22 79 78 77

Jonesboro 35 5 345 8 14 18 M 98 96 95 21 80 79 78

Little Rock AP 34 4 257 13 19 23 M 99 96 94 22 80 79 78

Pine Bluff AP 34 1 204 14 20 24 L 99 96 95 22 81 80 79

33 3 361 16 22 26 M 99 97 96 21 80 79 78

CAllFORNIAf

Bakersfield AP. 35 2 495 26 31 33 VL 103 101 99 32 72 71 70 Barstow AP 34 5 2142 18 24 28 VL 104 102 99 37 73 72 71 Blythe AP 33 4 390 26 31 35 VL 111 109 106 28 78 77 76 Burbank AP 34 1 699 30 36 38 VL 97 94 91 25 72 70 69 Chico 39 5 205 23 29 33 VL 102 100 97 36 71 70 69 Concord 38 0 195 27 32 36 VL 1 96 92 88 32 69 67 66

Data for U. S. stations extracted from Evaluated Weather Data for Cooling Equipment Deaiffn, Addendum No. 1, Winter and Summer Data^ with the permission

of the publisher, Fluor Products Company, Inc , Box 1267, Santa Rt^sa, California.

* Data compiled from offici;tl weather stations, where tiourly weather observations are made by trained observers, and from other sources. Table I prepared by ASHRAE Technical Conmiittee 2.2. Weather Data and Desifin Conditions. Percentage of winter design data show tlie percent of S-month period, December through

February. Canadian data are based on January only. Percentage of summer design data show the percent of 4-month period, June through September. Canadian

data are based on July only. .Also see References 1 to 7. When airport temperature observations were used to develop design data. "AP" follows station name, and "AFB" follows Air Force Bases. Data for stations followed by "CO" came from office locations within an urban area and cent-rally reflect an influence of the surrounding area. Stations without designation can be

considered semirural and may be directly compared with most airport data.

* Latitude is given to the nearest lU minutes, for use in calculating solar loads. For example, the latitude for Anniston, Alabama is given as 33 4, or 33^40'. Elevations are ground elevations for each station as of 1964. Temperature readings are generally made at an elevation of 5 ft above ground, except for lucationa marked r, indicating roof exposure of thermometer.

• Coincident wind velocities derived from approximately coldest 600 hours out of 20,000 hours of December through February data per station. Also see Refer- ences 5 and 6. Thf four rlas.sifications are; VL = Very Liuht, 70 percent or nnjre of cold extreme hours <7 mph. M = Moderate, 50 to 74 percent cold extreme hours >7 mph. L s= Light. 50 to 09 percent coid extreme hours <7 mph. H = High. 75 percent or more coid extreme hours >7 mph, and 50 percent are >12 mph. The difference between the average maximum and average minimum temperatures during the warmest month,

t More detailed data on .-Vrizima, CaUfornia, and Nevada may be found in Recommended Design Temperatures, Sorthern California, published by the Golden Gat«

Chapter; and Recommended Design Temperatures^ Southern California, Arizona^ Aevada, publisiied by the Southern California Chaptler.

58c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Continued)*-^

Col. T Sfote and Stod'on**

Co/. 2

Lafituda'

o /

Co/. 3

Elev,'^ Ff

Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Co/. 4

99% 97i%

Co/. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Co/. 7

Oof- door

Doily Range'

Co/. 8

Design Wet-Bulb

'% 2i% 5% 1% 5%

CALIFORNIAt [continued] Covina 34 0 575 32 38 41 VL 100 97 94 31 73 72 71 Crescent City AP 41 5 50 28 33 36 L 72 69 65 18 61 60 59 Downey 34 0 116 30 35 38 VL 93 90 87 22 72 71 70 El Cajon 32 4 525 26 31 34 VL 98 95 92 30 74 73 72 El Centro AP 32 5 -30 26 31 35 VL 111 109 106 34 81 80 79 33 0 boU 28 33 36 VL 95 92 89 30 73 72 71

Eureka/Arcata AP 41 0 217 27 32 35 L 67 65 63 11 60 59 58

Fairfield-Travis AFB 38 2 72 26 32 34 VL 98 94 90 34 71 69 67 Fresno AP 36 5 326 25 28 31 VL 101 99 97 34 73 72 71 Hamilton AFB 38 0 3 28 33 35 VL 89 85 81 28 71 68 66 Laguna Beach 33 3 35 32 37 39 VL 83 80 77 18 69 68 67

Livermore 37 4 545 23 28 30 VL 99 97 94 24 70 69 68 Lompoe, Vandenburg AFB 34 4 552 32 36 38 VL 82 79 76 20 65 63 61 Long Beach AP 33 5 34 31 36 38 VL 87 84 81 22 72 70 69 Los Angeles AP 34 0 99 36 41 43 VL 86 83 80 15 69 68 67 Los Angeles CO 34 0 312 38 42 44 VL 94 90 87 20 72 70 69

Merced-Castle AFB 37 2 178 24 30 32 VL 102 99 96 36 73 72 70 Modesto 37 4 91 26 32 36 VL 101 98 96 36 72 71 70 Monterey 36 4 38 29 34 37 VL 82 79 76 20 64 63 61 Napa 38 2 16 26 31 34 VL 94 92 89 30 69 68 67

34 5 913 27 33 37 VL 112 110 107 27 76 75 74 Oakland AP 37 4 3 30 35 37 VL 85 81 77 19 65 63 62

Oceanside 33 1 30 33 38 40 VL 84 81 78 13 69 68 67

34 0 995 26 32 34 VL 100 97 94 36 72 71 70 Oxnard AFB 34 1 43 32 35 37 VL 84 80 78 19 70 69 67

34 4 2517 18 24 27 VL 103 101 98 35 70 68 67 Palm Springs 33 5 411 27 32 36 VL 110 108 105 35 79 78 77 Pasadena 34 1 864 31 36 39 VL 96 93 90 29 72 70 69 Petaluma 38 1 27 24 29 32 VL 94 90 87 31 70 68 67 Pomona CO 34 0 871 26 31 34 VL 99 96 93 36 73 72 71 40 3 495 25 31 35 VL 103 101 98 32 70 69 67 Redlands 34 0 1318 28 34 37 VL 99 96 93 33 72 71 70 Richmond 38 0 55 28 35 38 VL 85 81 77 17 66 64 63 Riverside-March AFB 33 5 1511 26 32 34 VL 99 96 94 37 72 71 69 Sacramento AP 38 3 17 24 30 32 VL 100 97 94 36 72 70 69

36 4 74 27 32 35 VL 87 85 82 24 67 65 64 San Bernardino, Norton AFB . . . 34 1 1125 26 31 33 VL 101 98 96 38 75 73 71 San Diego AP 32 4 19 38 42 44 VL 86 83 80 12 71 70 68 San Fernando 34 1 977 29 34 37 VL 100 97 94 38 73 72 71 37 4 8 32 35 37 L 83 79 75 20 65 63 62 37 5

CO 38 42 44 VL 80 77 73 14 64 62 61 San Jose AP 37 2 70 r 30 34 36 VL 90 88 85 26 69 67 65 San Luis Obispo 35 2 315 30 35 37 VL 89 85 82 26 65 64 63 Santa Ana AP 33 4 115r 28 33 36 VL 92 89 86 28 72 71 70 Santa Barbara CO 34 3 100 30 34 36 VL 87 84 81 24 67 66 65 37 0 125 28 32 34 VL 87 84 80 28 66 65 63 Santa Maria AP 34 5 238 28 32 34 VL 85 82 79 23 65 64 63 34 0 57 38 43 45 VL 80 77 74 16 69 68 67 Santa Paula 34 2 263 28 33 36 VL 91 89 86 36 72 71 70 Santa Rosa 38 3 167 24 29 32 VL 95 93 90 34 1 u oo 67

Stockton AP 37 5 28 25 30 34 VL 101 98 96 37 72 70 69 Ukiah 39 1 620 22 27 30 VL 98 96 93 40 70 69 67

Visalia 36 2 354 26 32 36 VL 102 100 97 oo 73 72 70 Yreka 41 4 2625 7 13 17 VL 96 94 91 38 68 66 65 Yuba City 30 1 70 24 30 34 VL 102 100 97 36 71 70 69 COLORADO

Alamosa AP 37 3 7536 -26 -17 -13 VL 84 82 79 35 62 61 60 Boulder 40 0 5385 — 5 4 8 L 92 90 87 27 64 63 62 Colorado Springs AP 38 5 6173 - 9 - 1 4 L 90 88 86 30 63 62 61 39 5 5283 - 9 - 2 3 L 92 90 89 28 65 64 63 Durango 37 1 6550 -10 0 4 VL 88 86 83 30 64 63 62

59c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Contmued)'*'

Cel.' 1 SfaH and Statiorfi

Co/. 2

Lalilude'

o /

Cof. 3

Ft

Winfer Sutnmtr

of Annual

ExCo/. 4

99% 97J%

Co/. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Ve- /ociV

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

OutDaily Ronge'

Co/. S

Deiign Wef-Bu/b

5% 1% *3 /O *' /o

COLORADO (confinued) Fort Collins. A 5001 -18 - 9 — 5 L 91 89 86 28 63 62 61 Grand Junction AP 11 4849 - 2 8 11 VL 96 94 92 29 64 63 62

40 3 4648 — 18 — 9 — 5 L 94 92 89 29 65 64 63 Oo 4188 — 14 — 6 _ 2 M 97 95 93 31 72 71 69

Leadville V) 2 10177 -18 - 9 - 4 VL 76 73 70 30 56 55 54 Pueblo AP oo 9 4639 -14 - 5 - 1 L 96 94 92 31 68 67 66

Sterling An A 3939 — 15 — 6 — 2 M 95 93 90 30 67 66 65

Trinidad AP ^7 O£i 5746 — 9 1 5 L 93 91 89 32 66 65 64 CONNECTICUT

Bridgeport AP ^1 11 7 — 1 4 8 M 90 88 85 18 77 76 75

Hartford, Brainard Field 41 o 15 — 4 1 5 M 90 88 85 22 77 76 74

9 6 0 5 9 H 88 86 83 17 77 76 75 New London 41 9 60 0 4 8 H 89 86 83 16 77 75 74

41 1 37 — 5 0 4 M 91 89 86 19 77 76 75 Non\ich QO 20 — 7 — 2 2 M 88 8G 83 18 77 76 75 Waterbury oo 605 — 5 0 4 M 90 88 85 21 77 76 75 Windsor Locks, Bradley Field. .

.

u 169 — 7 — 2 2 M 90 88 85 22 76 75 73 DELAWARE Dover AFB 39 0 38 s 13 15 M 93 90 88 18 79 78 77 Wilmington AP 39 4 78 g 12 15 M 93 90 87 20 79 77 76

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Andrews AFB OO 0 279 9 13 16 M 94 91 88 18 79 77 76 Washington National AP QCOo c0 14 12 16 19 M 94 92 90 18 78 77 76

FLORIDA

Belle Glade 26 4 16 31 35 39 M 93 91 90 16 80 79 79 Cape Kennedy AP 28 1 16 33 37 40 L 90 S9 88 15 81 80 79 Daytona Beach AP . ... OQ£iif 11 31 28 32 36 L 94 92 91 15 81 SO 79 Fort Lauderdale 9AZO AU 13 37 41 45 M 91 90 89 15 81 80 79 Fort Myers AP 13 34 38 42 M 94 92 91 18 80 80 79

. Fort Pierce 27 3 10 33 37 41 M 93 91 90 15 81 80 79

Gainesville AP . .... OQ A 155 24 28 32 L 96 94 93 18 80 79 79

Jacksonville AP 6\} QO 24 26 29 32 L 96 94 92 19 80 79 79 Key West AP Q. O 6 50 55 58 M 90 89 88 9 80 79 79 Lakeland CO U 214 31 35 39 M 95 93 91 17 80 79 78 Miami AP 0^ EO 7 39 44 47 M 92 90 89 15 80 79 79 Miami Beach CO Of^ 0 9 40 45 48 M 91 89 88 10 80 79 79 Ocala OQ 1 86 25 29 33 L 96 94 93 18 80 79 79 Orlando AP OQ. QO 106 r 29 33 37 L 96 94 93 17 80 79 78 Panama City, Tyndall AFB 30 0 22 28 32 35 M 92 91 90 14 81 80 80

Pensacola CO OU QO 13 9Q M 92 90 89 14 82 81 80

St. Augustine OQ 0 15 27 31 L 94 92 90 16 81 80 79

St. Petersburg oo U 35 35 39 42 M 93 91 90 16 81 80 79 Sanford OC eO 14 29 33 37 L 95 93 92 17 80 79 79

Sarasota 27 2 30 31 35 39 M 93 91 90 17 80 80 79

Tallahassee AP oU i 58 21 25 29 L 96 94 93 19 80 79 79 Tampa AP So AU 19 32 36 39 M 92 91 90 17 81 80 79 West Palm Beach AP Jo 4 15 ou^fi 40 44 M 92 91 89 16 81 80 80 GEORGIA

Albany, Turner AFB 31 3 224 21 26 30 L 98 96 94 20 80 79 78 Americus 32 0 476 1RlO 22 ~o L 98 96 93 20 80 79 78 Athens 34 0 700 12 17 21 L 96 94 91 21 78 77 76

Atlanta AP 33 4 1005 14 18 23 H' 95 92 90 19 78 77 76 Augusta AP 33 2 143 17 20 L

no9o 95 yo 19 OA yy 7Q/» Brunswick 31 1 14 94 27 ^1ox L 97 95 92 18 81 80 79 Columbus, Lawson AFB 32 3 242 19 23 26 L 98 96 94 21 80 79 78 Dalton

.

34 5 720 10 15 19 97 95 92 oo 78 77 76 Dublin 32 3 215 17 21 25 L 98 96 93 20 80 79 78

34 2 11 16 20 L 94 92 89 21 78 77 76

Griffin 33 1 980 13 17 22 L 95 93 90 21 79 78 77 La Grange 33 0 715 12 16 20 L 96 94 92 21 79 78 77 Macon AP 32 4 356 18 23 27 L 98 96 94 22 80 79 78

Marietta, Dobbins AFB 34 0 1016 12 17 21 L 95 93 91 21 78 77 76

60c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Conf/nued)*

Col. I orafo ana otation

Cof. 2

Latitude'

o /

Co(. 3

£/ev,'^ Ft

Winter Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Col. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity^

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Cot. 8

Deu'gn Wef-Bufb

5% 1% 2i% 5%

GEORGIA Uonlinuad) Moultrie 31 1 340 22 26 30 L 97 95 93 20 80 79 78 Rome AP 34 2 637 11 16 20 L 97 95 93 23 78 77 76 Savannah-Travis AP 32 1 52 21 24 27 L 96 94 92 20 81 80 79 Valdosta-Moody AFB 31 0 239 24 28 31 L 96 94 92 20 80 79 78 Waycross 31 2 140 20 24 28 L 97 95 93 20 80 79 78 HAWAII HUo AP 19 4 31 56 59 61 L 85 83 82 15 74 73 72 Honolulu AP "21 2 7 68 60 62 L 87 85 84 12 75 74 73 Kaneohe 21 2 198 OS oO 01 T

Xj 85 83 82 12 74 73 73 Wahiawa 21 3 215 57 59 61 L 86 84 83 14 75 74 73

Boise AP 43 3 2842 0 4 10 L 96 93 91 31 68 66 65

Hurley 42 3 4180 - 5 4 8 VL 95 93 89 35 68 66 64 Coeur d'Alene AP 47 5 2973 - 4 2 7 VL 94 91 88 31 66 65 63 Idaho Falls AP 43 3 4730 r -17 -12 - 6 VL 91 88 85 38 65 64 62 Lewiston AP 46 2 1413 1 6 12 VL ocyo OAyo noao 32 67 66 65 Moscow 46 4 2CG0 -11 - 3 1 VL 91 89 86 32 64 63 61 Mountain Home AFB 43 0 2992 - 3 2 9 L 99 96 93 36 68 66 64

Pocatello AP 43 0 4444 — S

O/ V ij 94 91 88 35 65 63 62 Twin Falls AP 42 3 4148 - 5 4 8 L 96 94 91 34 66 64 63

II 1 iKjrti^ Aurora 41 5 744 -13 - 7 - 3 M 93 91 88 20 78 77 75

Belleville, Scott AFB 38 3 447 0 6 10 M 97 95 92 21 79 78 77 Bloomington 40 3 775 - 7 - 1 3 M 94 92 89 21 79 78 77 Carbondale 37 5 380 1 7 11 M 98 96 94 21 80 79 78 Champaign/Urbana 40 0 743 - 6 0 4 M 96 94 91 21 79 78 77

Chicago, Midwav AP 41 5 610 - 7 - 4 1 M 95 92 89 20 78 76 75

Chicago, O'Hare AP 42 0 658 - 9 - 4 0 M 93 90 87 20 77 75 74

Chicago, CO 41 5 694 — 5 - 3 1 M 94 91 88 15 78 76 75

Danville 40 1 558 — 6 — 1 4 M 96 94 91 21 79 78 76 Decatur 39 5 670 - 6 0 4 M 96 93 91 21 79 78 77

41 5 696 -13 - 7 - 3 M 93 91 89 23 78 77 76

Elgin 42 0 820 -14 - 8 - 4 M 92 90 87 21 78 76 75 42 2 780 -16 -10 - 6 M 92 90 87 24 78 77 75

41 0 771 -10 - 4 0 M 95 92 89 22 79 78 76

Greenville 39 0 563 — 3 3 7 M 96 94 92 21 79 78 77

41 3 uoo -11 - 5 - 1 M 94 92 89 20 78 77 75

41 1 625 -10 - 4 1 M 94 92 89 21 78 77 76 La Salle/Pcru 41 2 520 - 9 - 3 1 M 94 93 90 22 78 77 76 Macomb 40 3 702 - 5 - 3 1 M 95 93 90 22 79 78 77 Molina AP 41 3 582 -12 - 7 - 3 M 94 91 88 23 79 77 76 38 2 500 0 6 10 M 97 95 92 21 79 78 77

Peoria AP 40 4 652 - 8 - 2 2 M 94 92 89 22 78 77 7o Quincy AP 40 0 762 - 8 - 2 2 M 97 95 92 22 80 79 77

Rantoul, Chanute AFB 40 2 740 - 7 - 1 3 M 94 92 89 21 78 77 76 Rockford 42 1 724 -13 - 7 - 3 M 92 90 87 24 77 76 75

Springfield AP 39 5 587 — 7 — 1 4 M 95 92 90 21 79 78 77 Waukegan 42 2 680 -11 - 5 - 1 M 92 90 87 21 77 76 75

INUIAISA 40 f) 847 - 5 0 5 M 93 91 88 22 78 77 76 Bedford 38 5 670 - 3 3 7 M 95 93 90 22 79 78 77 Bloomington 39 1 820 - 3 3 7 M 95 92 90 22 79 78 76 Columbus, Bakalar AFB 39 2 661 — 3 3 7

« Ayr 95 92 90 79 78 76

Crawfordsville 40 0 752 - 8 - 2 2 M 95 93 90 22 79 77 76

Evansville AP 38 0 381 1 6 10 M 96 94 91 22 79 78 77 Fort Wayne AP 41 0 791 - 5 0 5 M 93 91 88 24 77 76 75 Goshen AP 41 3 823 — 10 — 4 0 M 92 90 87 23 77 76 74 Hobart : 41 3 600 -10 - 4 0 M 93 91 88 21 78 76 75 40 4 802 - 8 - 2 2 M 94 92 89 23 78 76 75

Indianapolis AP 39 4 793 - 5 0 4 M 93 91 88 22 78 77 76

Jeffersonville 38 2 455 3 9 13 M 96 94 91 23 79 78 77 Kokomo 40 3 790 - 6 0 4 M 94 92 89 22 78 76 75

Lafayette 40 2 600 - 7 - 1 3 M 94 92 89 22 78 77 76

61c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Con//nued)* »

Cof. / ' Stale and Siafion^

Co/. 2

latitude"

o /

Co/. 3

iiey,^

fl

Winfer Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Co/. 4

99% 97i%

Co/. 5

^d'ent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Co/. 8

Design Wet-Bulb

1% n% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

INDIANA (confinued) La Porte 41 3 810 -10 — 4 0 M 93 91 88 22 77 76 74

40 3 - 8 — 2 2 M 93 91 88 23 78 76 75 Muncie 40 1 955 — 8 — 2 2 M 93 91 88 22 78 77 75

40 4

Qt\A — 9 — 3 1 M 91 89 86 22 77 76 74 39 5

1 T3C 1 l6o — 7 — 1 3 M 93 91 88 22 78 77 75

39 3 /DO — 4 2 6 M 94 92 89 22 78 77 76 Soutn cena Ar 41 4 — 6 — 2 3 M 92 89 87 22 77 76 74

lerre Haute Ar 39 3 bUi - 3 3 7 M 95 93 91 22 79 78 77

41 2

on 1 -12 — 6 - 2 M 92 90 87 22 78 76 75 38 4 — 1 5 9 M 96 94 91 22 79 78 77 IOWA

42 0

1 r\f\A 1(JU4 -17 -11 - 7 M 94 92 89 23 79 78 76 40 5 1)94 -10 - 4 0 M 95 92 89 22 80 78 77 Cedar Rapids AP 41 5 863 -14 — 8 - 4 M 92 90 87 23 78 76 75

Clinton 41 5 595 -13 - 7 - 3 M 92 90 87 23 78 77 76

L/Ouncil Diulls 41 2

1 0 1 A IZlU -14 - 7 - 3 M 97 94 91 22 79 78 76 Des Moines Ar 41 3 948 r -13 — 7 - 3 M 95 92 89 23 79 77 76 42 2 1065 -17 -11 — 7 M 92 90 87 22 78 76 75 Fort Dodge 42 3 nil -18 -12 - 8 M 94 92 89 23 78 77 75

T /~^z 1. _ . 41 4

C Ad o4o — 14 - 8 - 4 M 94 91 88 22 79 77 76 40 2 coc O/D — 9 - 3 1 M 95 93 90 22 79 78 77 Marshalltown 42 0

ono -16 — 10 - 6 M 93 91 88 23 79 77 76

43 1

1 1 Q/i 1 194 -20 -13 - 9 M 91 88 85 24 77 75 74

41 4 946 — 15 — 9 - 5 M 95 93 90 23 79 77 76 Uttumwa Ar 41 1 o4^ -12 - 6 - 2 M 95 93 90 22 79 78 76 42 2 1095 -17 -10 - 6 M 96 93 90 24 79 77 76 42 3 868 -18 -12 - 8 M 91 89 86 23 78 76 75 KANSAS

Atchison 39 3 945 - 9 - 2 2 M 97 95 92 23 79 78 77 Cnanute Ar 37 4 977 - 3 3 7 H 99 97 95 23 79 78 77

JJodge City Ar 37 5 2594 - 5 3 7 M 99 97 95 25 74 73 72 El Dorado 37 5 1282 — 3 4 8 H 101 99 96 24 78 77 76 38 2 1209 - 4 3 7 H 99 97 94 25 78 77 76 Garden City AP 38 0 2882 -10 - 1 3 M 100 98 96 28 74 73 72 Uooaland Ar 39 2 3645 -10 - 2 4 M 99 96 93 31 71 70 69 ureat Jtsend 38 2 1940 - 5 2 6 M 101 99 96 28 77 76 75 Hutchinson AP 38 0 1524 - 5 2 6 H 101 99 96 28 77 76 75

laberal 37 0 2838 - 4 4 8 M 102 100 99 28 74 73 71 Mannattan, rort Kiley 39 0 1076 - 7 - 1 4 H 101 98 95 24 79 78 77 37 2 908 — 2 5 9 H 99 97 94 23 79 78 77

T> ,, 11 A "D 38 5 1864 - 7 0 4 M 102 100 97 29 78 76 75 bahna 38 5 1271 - 4 3 7 H 101 99 96 26 78 76 75

rp 1 k n 39 0 877 - 4 3 6 M 99 96 94 24 79 78 77

WTl -^U \ t ^ A T> 37 4 1321 - 1 5 9 H 102 99 96 23 77 76 75 KENTUCKY

Ashland 38 3 551 1 6 10 L 94 92 89 22 77 76 75 Bowling Green AP 37 0 535 1 7 11 L 97 95 93 21 79 78 77 Corbin AP 37 0 1175 0 5 9 L 93 91 89 23 79 77 76 Covington AP 39 0 869 — 3 3 8 L 93 90 88 22 77 76 75

HopkinsviUe, Campbell At a . . . . 36 4 540 4 10 14 L 97 95 92 21 79 78 77

Lexington AP 38 0 979 0 6 10 'M 94 92 90 22 78 77 76

liOuisville AP 38 1 474 1 8 12 L 96 93 91 23 79 78 77

Madisonville 37 2 439 1 / 11 L 96 94 92 22 79 78 77 Owensboro 37 5 420 0 6 10 L 96 94 92 23 79 78 77 Paducah AP 37 0 398 4 10 14 L 97 95 94 20 80 79 78

LOUISIANA

Alexandria AP 31 2 20 25 29 L 97 95 94 20 80 80 79 Baton Rouge AP 30 3 64 22 25 30 L 96 94 92 19 81 80 79 Bogalusa 30 5 103 20 24 28 L 96 94 93 19 80 79 78 Houina 29 3 13 25 29 33 L 94 92 91 15 81 80 79

Lafayette AP 30 1 38 23 28 32 L 95 93 92 18 81 81 80 Lake Charles AP 30 1 14 25 20 33 M 95 93 91 17 80 79 79 Minden 32 4 250 17 22 26 L 98 96 95 20 81 80 79

62 c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Coniinued)* '^

Cel. 1 ^S^a^» and SlaUoifi

Cof. 2

Latitude'

o /

Co/. 3

Ft

Winter Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Col. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

dent Wind

Ve-

/oc/fy*

Det

Col. 6

gn Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Ouf- door

Daily Range'

Cof. 8

Design Wet-Bulb

1% 2i% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

LOUISIANA (continued) 32 3 78 18 23 27 L 98 96 95 20 81 81 80

Natchitoches 31 5 120 17 22 26 L 99 97 96 20 81 80 79 30 0 3 29 32 35 M 93 91 90 16 81 80 79 Shreveport AP 32 3 252 18 22 26 M 99 90 94 20 81 80 79

A\AINE

Augusta AP 44 2 350 -13 - 7 - 3 M 88 86 83 22 74 73 71 Bangor, Dow AFB 44 5 162 — 14 - 8 - 4 M 88 85 81 22 75 73 71 Caribou AP -46 5 624 -24 -18 -14 L 85 81 78 21 72 70 68

Lewiston 44 0 182 -14 - 8 - 4 M 88 86 83 • 22 74 73 71 MiUinocket AP A

•t 405 -22 -16 -12 L 87 85 82 22 74 72 70

Portland AP 43 4 61 -14 - 5 0 L 88 85 81 22 75 73 71 Waterville 44 3 89 — 15 - 9 — 5 M 88 86 82 22 74 73 71 MARYLAND

Baltimore AP 39 1 146 8 12 15 M 94 91 89 21 79 78 77 Baltimore CO 9 14 12 16 20 M 94 92 89 17 79 78 77 Cumberland 39 4 945 0 5 9 L 94 92 89 22 76 75 74

Frederick AP 39 2 294 2 7 11 M 94 92 89 22 78 77 76 Hagerstown 39 4 660 1 6 10 L 94 92 89 22 77 76 75

Salisbury 38 2 52 10 14 18 M 92 90 87 18 79 78 77 AAASSACHUSETTS Boston AP 42 2 15 - 1 6 10 H 91 88 85 16 76 74 73 Clinton 42 2 398 - 8 - 2 2 M 87 85 82 17 75 74 72

Fall River 41 4 190 — 1 5 9 H 88 86 83 18 75 74 73 Framingham 42 2 170 - 7 - 1 3 M 91 89 86 17 76 74 73

Gloucester 42 3 10 - 4 2 6 H 86 84 81 15 74 73 72

OO 205 -12 - 6 - 2 M 89 87 84 23 75 74 73 42 4 57 - 9 - 3 1 M 90 88 85 22 76 74 72 Lowell 42 3 90 - 7 - 1 3 M 91 89 86 21 76 74 72 New Bedford 41 4 70 3 9 13 H 86 84 81 19 75 73 72

Pittsneld AP 42 3 1170 -11 - 5 - 1 M 86 84 81 23 74 72 71

bpnngfield, Westover AFB 49 11 247 - 8 - 3 2 M 91 88 85 19 76 74 73 Taunton 41 5 20 - 9 - 4 0 H 88 86 83 18 76 75 74 Worcester AP 42 2 986 _ 8 — 3 X M 89 87 84 18 75 73 71 MICHIGAN

Adrian 41 5 754 - 6 0 4 M 93 91 88 23 76 75 74 Alpena AP 45 0 689 -11 - 5 - 1 M 87 85 82 27 74 73 71

Battle Creek AP 9 939 - 6 1 5 M 92 89 86 23 76 74 73 Benton Harbor AP 42 1 649 - 7 - 1 3 M 90 88 85 20 76 74 73

Detroit Met. CAP 42 2 633 0 4 g M 92 88 85 20 76 75 74 45 4 594 -13 - 7 - 3 M 82 80 77 17 73 71 69

Flint AP 43 0 766 - 7 - 1 3 M 89 87 84 25 76 75 74 urand Kapids AP 42 5 681 - 3 2 6 M 91 89 86 24 76 74 73

xlolland 42 5 612 - 4 2 6 M 90 88 85 22 76 74 73 Jackson AP 42 2 1003 — 6 0 4 M 92 89 86 23 76 75 74 42 1 930 - 5 1 5 M 92 89 86 23 76 75 74

Lansing AP 49 K 852 - 4 2 6 M 89 87 84 24 76 75 73 Marquette CO 46 3 677 -14 - 8 - 4 L 88 86 83 18 73 71 69 Mt. Pleasant 43 4 796 - 9 - 3 1 M 89 87 84 24 75 74 73 Muskegon AP 43 1 627 - 2 4 8 M 87 85 82 21 75 74 73 Pontiac 42 4 974 - 6 0 4 M 90 88 85 21 76 75 73

Port Huron 43 0 586 - 6 - 1 3 M 90 88 85 21 76 74 73 Bagmaw AP 43 3 662 - 7 - 1 3 M 88 86 83 23 76 75 73 46 3 721 — 18 — 12 — 8 « L 83 81 78 23 73 71 69

1 reverse City AP 44 4 618 - 6 0 4 M 89 86 83 22 75 73 72

Ypsilanti 42 1 777 - 3 - 1 5 M 92 89 86 22 76 74 73 MINNESOTA

Albert Lea 43 4 1235 -20 -14 -10 M 91 89 86 24 77 76 74

Alexandria AP 45 5 1421 -26 -19 -15 L 90 88 85 24 76 74 72

Bemidji AP 47 3 1392 -38 -32 -28 L 87 84 81 24 73 72 71 Brainerd 46 2 1214 -31 -24 -20 L 88 85 82 24 74 73 72

Duluth AP 46 5 1426 -25 -1!) -15 M 85 82 79 22 73 71 69

Faribault 44 2 1190 -23 -16 -12 L 90 88 85 24 77 75 74 Fergus Falls 46 1 1210 -2S -21 -17 L 92 89 86 24 75 74 72

International Falls AP 48 3 1179 -35 -29 -24 L 86 82 79 26 72 69 68

63c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Continued)*-*

Col. 1 Slate and Staliorf'

Col. 2

Lalilvde' o /

Col. 3

Elev,"* Ft

Winter Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Col. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Ory-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Col. 8

Oetign Wet-Bulb

1% 2i% 5% 1% 5%

MINNESOTA [continued] Mankato 44 1 785 -23 -16 -12 L 91 89 86 24 77 75 74 Minneapolis/St. Paul AP A A CO 822 -19 -14 -10 L 92 89 86 22 77 75 74 Rochester AP 44 0 1297 -23 -17 -13 M 90 88 85 24 77 75 74

St. Cloud AP 45 4 1034 -26 -20 -16 L 90 88 85 24 77 75 73 47 3 1435 -32 -25 -21 L oU fSi5 oU 23 73 71 69 45 1 1133 -25 -18 -14 L 91 88 85 24 77 75 73 Winona 44 1 652 -19 -12 - 8 M 91 89 86 24 77 76 74

MISSISSIPPI

Biloxi, Keesler AFB 30 2 25 ou iVi 93 92 90 Id 82 81 80

Clarksdale 34 1 178 14 20 24 L 98 96 95 21 81 80 79 Columbus AFB 33 4 224 13 18 22 L 97 95 93 22 79 79 78

Greenville AFB 33 3 139 16 21 24 L 98 96 94 21 81 80 79 33 3 128 14 19 23 L 98 96 94 21 81 80 79 Hattiesburg 31 2 200 18 22 26 L 97 95 94 21 80 79 78 Jackson AP 32 2 330 17 21 24 L 98 96 94 21 79 78 78

31 4 264 18 22 26 L 97 95 94 21 80 79 78 McComb AP 31 2 458 18 22 26 L 96 94 93 18 80 79 79 Meridian AP 32 2 294 15 20 24 L 97 95 94 22 80 79 78

31 4 168 18 22 26 L CiA y4 yo 21 OA 80 79 Tupelo 34 2 289 13 18 22 L 98 96 95 22 80 79 78 Vicksburg CO 234 18 23 26 L 97 95 94 21 80 80 79

AiUSSOURI Cape Girardeau 37 1 330 o Oo IL iVl 98 96 94 80 79 78 Columbia AP 39 0 778 - 4 2 6 M 97 95 92 22 79 78 77 rarmlnpt.nn AP 37 5 928 - 2 4 8 M yo yo 22 7y 78 77 Hannibal 39 4 489 - 7 - 1 4 M 96 94 91 22 79 78 77

Jefiferson City 38 4 640 - 4 2 6 M 97 95 93 23 79 78 77

Joplin AP 37 1 982 1 7 11 M 97 95 93 24 79 78 77 Kansas City AP 39 1 742 — O

£t

A_ QO iVl 100 97 94 on 79 77 76

Kirksville AP 40 1 966 -13 - 7 - 3 M 96 94 91 24 79 78 77 39 1 775 - 7 - 1 3 M 96 94 91 22 79 78 77 39 3 850 - 8 - 2 2 M 96 94 91 23 79 78 77 Poplar Bluff Rolla 36 5 322 3 9 13 M 98 96 94 22 80 79 78 38 0 1202 - 3 3 7 M 97 95 93 22 79 78 77

St. Joseph AP 39 5 809 - 8 - 1 3 M 97 95 92 23 79 78 77

St. Louis AP 38 5 535 - 2 4 8 M 98 95 92 21 79 78 77

St. Louis CO 38 4 465 1 7 11 M 96 94 92 18 79 78 77

Sedalia, Whiteman AFB 38 4 838 - 2 4 9 M Ml y4 ooy^ 22 /y '7'? lb

Sikeston 36 5 318 4 10 14 L 98 96 94 21 80 79 78

Springfield AP 37 1 1265 0 5 10 M 97 94 91 23 78 77 76 MONTANA

Billings AP 45 5 3567 1 o — D

TU 94 91 88 *3 ^ ol 68 66 65

45 5 4856 -25 -15 -11 L 88 85 82 32 61 60 59

Biitt# AP 46 0 5526 r -34 -24 -16 VL 86 83 80 35 60 59 57 Cut Bank AP 48 4 3838r -32 -23 -17 L 89 86 82 35 65 63 61 Glasgow AP 48 1 2277 -33 -25 -20 L 96 93 89 29 69 67 65

47 1 2076 -28 -20 -16 L 96 93 90 29 71 69 68 Great Falls AP 47 3 3664r -29 -20 -16 L 91 88 85 28 64 63 61 Havre 48 3 2488 -32 -22 -15 M 91 87 84 33 66 64 63 Helena AP 46 4 3893 -27 -17 -13 L yu QA 32 DO Do Di

Kalispell AP 48 2 2965 -17 - 7 - 3 VL 88 84 81 34 65 63 62 Lewiston AP 47 0 4132 -27 -18 -14 L 89 86 83 30 65 63 62

Livingston AP 45 4 4653 -26 -17 -13 L 91 88 85 32 63 62 61 Miles City AP 46 3 2629 — Li — iy — lo T

Li 97 94 91 6\) 71 69 68

46 5 3200 -16 - 7 - 3 VL 92 89 86 36 65 63 61 NEBRASKA

40 2 1235 -10 - 3 1 M 99 97 94 24 78 77 76 Chadron AP 42 5 3300 -21 -13 - 9 M 97 95 92 30 72 70 69

41 3 1442 -14 - 7 - 3 M 98 96 93 25 78 76 11

41 3 1203 -14 - 7 - 3 M 99 97 94 22 78 77 76 Grand Island AP 41 0 1841 -14 - 6 - 2 M 98 95 92 28 76 75 74

40 4 1932 -11 - 3 1 M 98 96 94 27 77 75 74 Kearney 40 4 2146 -14 - 6 - 2 M 97 95 92 28 76 75 74 40 5 1150 -10 - 4 0 M 100 96 93 24 78 77 76

64c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Coniinued)*

Stota and Station^

Co/. 2

Laiituda'

0 /

Col. 3

f/ey,'' Ft

WMt Summer

Median

of Annual

Extreitiei

Cof. 4

99% 971%

Co/. 5

Coinci- denf

Wincy Ve-

/oci/y*

Cof. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily

n f Range'

Co/. 8 Detign Wel-Bulb

1% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

NcBKA5lkA (confinued) 40 1

1

0

— 1/ — A4

rvU JVl 99 97 94 0028 74 72 71 42 0 — 1 c10 — 11 — i A/f IM 97 95 92 OAoU 78 76 75

41 1 077Q — 16 — aD — 0

Z IVl 97 94 90 0028 74 73 72

U „ A O 41 2 y /s 1

0

— 0 — 11 97 94 91 0022 79 78 76

41 5 oyou -16 - 8 - 4 M yo (\A y4 yi 31 ^A70 AA09 67

G*<-Inrt'.r A "D 41 1 .-15 - 7 - 2 M 95 y/ QQ89 31 •7^

71) An09 d7 NEVADAt

-39 1 4675 — A4

Q 7 \T'\ VIj 93 91 88 42 62 61 60

TTlL-rt A T> 40 5 OU/O —Zi — 1 *x lo — 7# VTV 1j 94 92 AA9U AO4/ 64 62 61

T^}., A "D 39 1 — 1 ^ 10 — ftD

9 VTV Li 90 88 86 oy 60 59 58

36 1

1 Qlo OQ 9A VTV Li 108 106 104 oU 72 71 70

40 0

r\U 11 VLi 98 96 AO9o A 042 65 64 62 _

39 3 44U4 — 0Z

0

z i \rT V Li A C 95 yz (\r\ 9U A C 45 C A 04 AOd2 61 39 3

0 IJ 1

7

1/ VLi 94 92 OA89 45 64 62 61 38 0 z y lo VLi 95 AO92 AA9U A A41) 64 63 62

40 5

A onn — D0 1

e0

'\7'T VLi 97 95 AO9o 42 64 62 61 NEW MAMroMIRc 44 3

1 1 1 A — ^0 — ly — lo T

Li 87 85 00o2 0022 73 71 70. 43 2 *±Z\J — ly — 15 — Qy

T

Li OA89 o7 &4 OA24 74 76 72 43 1 ooy — 1/ — 11 — / A

1

91 QO00 05 2d 75 16 no72

43 0 4yu 1

7

0Q JVl 90 88 85 OA24 75 73 72

43 3 ouo —00 — Id — Iz M CA69 0*7 o7 84 oc25 lA74 7016 •70 72 Manchester, Grenier AFB 43 0 — 1 1 11 E0 1

A/f 92 89 oc80 OA24 76 74 73

r^ortsmoutn, r^ease Arr> 43 1

1 07 Q — z 0 iVL 00so 00 QQ80 22 »7C 75 707o 72 NEW JEKoEY 39 3

1

1

X

1

lU 14 1 Qlo XT

IT 91 88 oc85 1 Qlo 78 77 76

40 2 4 y lo XTn. 93 91 88 1 018 77 76 75

40 4 11 D 11 lo AT 94 91 08 2U 77 76 75

40 3

QAOD 6

Q0

1 9IZ ATIVl 91 89 86 ly 77 76 75 40 5 lUU 06

Q01 9Iz AT 93 91 88 0121 77 76 75 40 4 loU 1 D lU Tb 93 91 0008 0121 77 70 75

40 1 144 »7

/

1 0 1 cId AT 92 90 87 1 Aly 78 77 76

39 3

n c yo 7 12 16 M 93 90 87 19 78 77 76 NEW MEXICO

Alamagordo, Holloman AFB .... 32 5 4070 1

0

liS 1 Qlo TLi 100 98 96 oU ^A70 69 CODO Albuquerque AP 35 0 5310 1 A 14 1/ T

Li 96 94 92 072/ 66 65 64

32 5 00 ( 0 A9 16 19 TLi 101 99 97 OAoU 71 70 69 32 2 11 17 01l\ T

Li 101 99 97 0028 72 "71 71 70 34 3

ni

1 A 14 1/ T

Li 99 97 95 OQ28 70 69 CO00 36 5 5495 - 3 6 9 VL 95 93 91 30 66 65 C A 64

Gallup 35 3 6465 — lo — 5 — 11 VLi AO92 OAyu 0/ QOo2 04 AQDo AO 35 1 6520 — 15 — '77 — 0 VLi 91 OA89 80 QOo2 CAd4 AQ00 AO02

XJ_UU- A T> 32 4 O0D4 A . 9 15 1 A19 T

Lj 101 99 AC90 OA29 *70 72 1 1 71 /U 32 2 oyuu lo 19 £6 T

Li 102 100 A797 OA ^A70 Afi 09 AQDO 35 5 /41U — 4 5

A

y

T

Li 88 86 83 6ZQO 64 63 AO02

TD rt A T> 36 5

AO'7n oo7y — 1 1 IJ — A z

T

1j 92 90 88 QAo4 66 65 d4

T>i-ionTAl1 TVollriaw Aim 33 2 oo4o 0

1 AId ly T

Li 101 99 97 QQ00 71 70 69 35 4 /U40 — 0

z 7 11

T

Li 90 88 85 0028 65 63 AOd2

c:k,a. r^Jfir AT) 32 4 50/0 00 14 18 ATT VLi 95 93 91 OA 68 67 CCDO

34 0 401 / 6 13 17 L 99 97 94 30 67 66 c c d5

^Pl*n(>vwnA« A D 35 1 405i> 1 9 13 L 99 97 95 28 71 70 CAd9 NEW YORK

Albany AP 42 5 277 — 14 — 5 0

TL 91 88 85 002o 76 74 73 42 5 — 5 1

T

Li 91 89 86 OA21) 76 74 7o 43 0

•71 c 715 — 10 — 2 2 M 89 87 84 0022 75 73 •70 72 43 0 AAA - 7 - 1 3 M 89 87 84 22 75 74 72 42 1 858 - 8 - 2 2 L 91 89 86 20 74 72 71

Buffalo AP 43 0 705 r — 3 3 6

AT 88 86 83 0121 75 73 72 42 4

1 1 OA llJy -11 - 5 - 1 L 90 88 85 23 75 73 72 42 3 590 — 2 4 8 M 88 86 83 18 75 74 72 Elmira AP 42 1 860 - 5 1 5 L 92 90 87 24 75 73 72 42 5 590 - 8 - 2 2 M 91 89 86 22 75 73 72

Glens Falls 43 2 321 -17 -11 - 7 L 88 86 83 23 74 72 71

Gloversville 43 1 770 -12 - 6 - 2 L 89 87 84 23 75 73 71 HorneU 42 2 1325 -15 - 9 - 5 L 87 85 82 24 74 72 71

65c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Continued)'"'*

Col. I Stal» and Sfation^

' • -.

'

Col. 2

Latiluda'

Col. 3

Elav.'^ Ft

Summar

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremss

Col. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Co/nci- dtnf Wind

Velocify'

Col. 6

Dasign Dry-Bulb

Cof. 7

Oof- door

Daily Range'

Col. 8 Deugn Wef-8o/b

1% 2i% 5% '% 2i% 5%

NEW YORK [continutd] 42 3 950 — 10 — 4 0 L 91 88 85 24 75 73 72

42 1 1390 — 5 1 5 M 88 86 83 20 75 73 72 Kingston 42 0 OTA — 8 — 2 2 L 92 90 87 22 76 74 73 Lockport 43 1 520 — 4 2 6 M 87 85 82 21 75 74 72

H f^ „ A T) 45 0 —22 — 16 — 12 M 86 84 81 20 75 74 72

41 3

ACtf\ 4di) - 4 2 6 M 92 89 86 21 78 76 74 NYC-Central Park 40 5 132 6 11 15 H 94 91 88 17 77 76 75 NYC-Kennedy AP 40 4 16 12 17 21 H 91 87 84 16 77 76 75 NYC-LaGuardia AF 40 5 19 7 12 16 H 93 90 87 16 77 76 75

?4iagara falls Ar 43 1 590 — 2 4 7 M 88 86 83 20 75 74 73 Ulean 42 1

1 /I OA — 13 — 8 — 3 L 87 85 82 23 74 72 71 Oneonta 42 3 1150 -13 - 7 - 3 L 89 87 84 24 74 72 71

43 3 300 — 4 2 6 M 86 84 81 20 75 74 72

Plattsburg AFB 44 4 165 — 16 — 10 — 6 L 86 84 81 22 74 73 71

41 4

1 no — 6 — 1 3 L 93 90 87 21 77 75 74

Rochester AP 43 1 543 — 5 2 5 M 91 88 85 22 75 74 72

Rome-Griffiss AFB 43 1 515 — 13 — 7 — 3 L 90 87 84 22 76 74 73

42 5

01*7 — 11 — 5 — 1 L 90 88 85 22 75 73 72 eunolk County A* rJ 40 5 57 4 9 13 H 87 84 81 16 76 75 74 Syracuse AP

Utica

43 1 424 — 10 — 2 2 M 90 87 85 20 76 74 73

43 1 714 — 12 — 6 — 2 L 89 87 84 22 75 73 72 Watertown 44 0 497 -20 -14 -10 M 86 84 81 20 75 74 72 NORTH CAROLINA

Asheville AP 35 3 2170r 8 13 17 L 91 88 86 21 75 74 73

Charlotte AP 35 1 735 13 18 22 L 96 94 92 20 78 77 76 Durham 36 0 4UD 11 15 19 L 94 92 89 20 78 77 76

Elizabeth City AP 36 2 10 14 18 22 M 93 91 89 18 80 79 78

Fayettevule, Pope AFB 35 1 95 13 17 20 L 97 94 92 20 80 79 78

Goldsboro, oeymour-Johnson At B 35 2 88 14 18 21 M 95 92 90 18 80 79 78 Greensboro AP 36 1 897 9 14 17 L 94 91 89 21 77 76 75

Greenville 35 4 25 14 18 22 M 95 93 90 19 81 80 79 36 2 510 8 12 16 L 94 92 89 20 79 78 77 35 4 1165 9 14 18 L 93 91 88 21 77 76 75 34 5 24 17 21 25 M 94 92 89 18 81 80 79 Lumberton 34 4 132 14 18 22 L 95 93 90 20 81 80 79

T^T „ . , , "O — ^— A 35 1 17 14 18 22 L 94 92 89 18 81 80 79 Ralfigh/Durham AP 35 5 433 13 16 20 L 95 92 90 20 79 78 77 Rockv Mount 36 0 81 12 16 20 L 95 93 90 19 80 79 78 Wilmington AP 34 2 30 19 23 27 L 93 91 89 18 82 81 80

Tir * i O _ 1 A "O 36 1 967 9 14 17 L 94 91 89 20 77 76 75 NORTH DAKOTA

Bismarck AP 46 5 1647 —31 —24 — 19 VXi 95 91 88 27 74 72 70

48 1 1471 —30 —23 -19 M 93 89 86 25 73 71 69 Dickinson AP 46 5 2595 -31 —23 — 19 L 96 93 90 25 72 70 68 Fargo AP 46 5 900 —28 —22 — 17 L 92 88 85 25 76 74 72

/"^ 1 TO 1 A T> 48 0 -30 —26 — 23 L 91 87 84 25 74 72 70

47 0 1492 —29 —22 — 18 L 95 91 88 26 75 73 71 Minot AP 48 2 1713 —31 —24 — 20 M 91 88 84 25 72 70 68

Williston 48 1 1877 -28 -21 -17 M 94 90 87 25 71 69 67 OHIO

Akron/Canton AP 41 0 1210 — 5 1 6 M 89 87 84 21 75 73 72

42 0 690 — 3 3 7 M 89 87 84 18 76 75 74 Athens 39 2 700 - 3 3 7 M 93 91 88 22 77 76 75

41 3 675 — 7 — 1 3 M 93 91 88 23 77 75 74 Cambridge 40 0 800 - 6 0 4 M 91 89 86 23 77 76 75

39 2 638 — 1 5 9 M 93 91 88 22 77 76 75

Cincinnati CO 39 1 761 2 8 12 L 94 92 90 21 78 77 76 Cleveland AP 41 2 777 r - 2 2 7 M 91 89 86 22 76 75 74 40 0 812 - 1 2 7 M 92 88 86 24 77 76 75 Dayton AP 39 5 997 - 2 0 6 M 92 90 87 20 77 75 74

41 2 700 - 7 - 1 1 M 93 91 88 24 77 76 74

Findlay AP 41 0 797 - 6 0 4 M 92 90 88 24 77 76 75

66c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Confinued)*

> Col. 1 Slala and Slation^

Col. 2

LatinjQC

0 /

Co(. 3

c/ev. Ft

Vfmler Summer

Median

of Annual

E«-

tr ernes

Col. 4

99% 97|%

Co/. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Co/. 7

Ouf- door

Daily Range'

Col. S

Design Wet-Bulb

1% 5% 1% 5%

OHIO [continued) 41 2 600 - 7 - 1 3 M 92 90 87 24 76 75 74

39 2 650 _ 2 4 8 M 94 92 90 22 78 77 76

39 4 920 — 0 L

cO JVl 93 91 88 OO 77 76 75

40 4 860 - 6 0 4 M 93 91 88 24 77 76 75

40 5 1297 - 7 1 3 M 91 89 86 22 76 75 74 Marion 40 4 920 - 5 1 6 M 93 91 88 23 77 76 75 39 3 635 - 3 3 7 M 93 91 88 . 22 77 76 75

'40 1 825 — / — 1 Qo M 92 90 87 OO 77 76 75

ill 1 - 7 - 1 3 M 92 90 87 22 76 75 74 38 5 530 0 5 9 L 94 92 89 22 77 76 75 Sandusky CO 41 3 606 _ 2 4 8 M 92 90 87 21 76 75 74 40 0 1020 - 3 3 7 M 93 90 88 21 77 76 75

40 2 992 - 2 4 9 M 91 89 86 22 76 75 74

Toledo AP 41 4 676 r - 5 1 5 M bi 25 77 7 C 75 74

41 2 900 - 6 0 4 M 90 88 85 23 75 74 73 Wooster 40 5 1030 - 7 - 1 3 M 90 88 85 22 76 75 74 • 41 2 1178 - 5 1 6 M 89 86 84 23 75 74 73 40 0 881 — 7 — 1 oo M 92 89 87 23 77 76 75 OKLAHOMA

o4 0 lUlo 6 12 16 H 102 100 98 23 79 78 77 Altus AFB 34 4 1390 7 14 18 H lUo lUi yy 25 / / 7Alb 75 Ardmore 34 2 880 9 15 19 H 103 101 99 23 79 78 77 36 5 715 - 1 5 9 H 101 99 97 23 79 78 77 35 0 1085 5 12 16 H 103 101 99 24 77 76 75

Enid-Vance AFB 36 2 1287 3 10 14 H 103 100 98 24 78 77 76 o4 O

1 1 r\Q 6 13 10 H 103 101 98 24 78 77 76 McAlester 34 5 760 7 13 17 H 102 100 98 23 79 78 77 Muskogee AP 35 4 610 6 12 16 M 102 99 96 23 79 78 77 Norman 35 1 1109 5 11 15 H 101 99 97 24 78 77 76 Oklahoma City AP 35 2 1280 4 11 15 H 100 97 95 23 78 77 76 Ponca City 36 4 996 1 8 12 H 1 AO iUU ATy / 24 70/» 77

II 7C7d Seminole 35 2 865 6 12 16 H 102 100 98 23 78 77 76

Stillwater 36 1 884 2 9 13 H 101 99 97 24 78 77 76 Tulsa AP 36 1 650 4 12 16 H 102 99 96 22 79 78 77 Woodward 36 3 1900 — 3 4 8

TTxl 103 101 98 26 76 74 73 OREGON

AA A 44 4OOA 17 23 27 VL yi OQOO o4 31 AAoy A7 00 46 1 8 22 27 30 M 79 76 72 16 61 60 59 Baker AP 44 5 3368 -10 - 3 1 VL 94 92 89 30 66 65 63 Bend 44 0 3599 - 7 0 4 VL 89 87 84 33 64 62 61 44 3 221 17 23 27 \L 91 88 84 31 69 67 65

AA 1 44 1 *5D4 16 22 26 VL 91 88 84 31 69 67 65 Grants Pass 42 3 925 16 22 26 VL 94 92 89 33 68 66 65 Klamath Falls AP 42 1 4091 - 5 1 5 VL 89 87 84 30 63 62 61 Medford AP 42 2 1298 15 21 23 VL 98 94 91 35 70 68 66 Pendleton AP 45 4 1492 - 2 3 10 VL 97 94 91 29 66 65 63

Portland AP 45 4 21 17 21 24 L 00 61 23 CA69 C7o7 AA00

Portland CO 45 3 57 21 26 29 L 91 88 84 21 69 68 67 Roseburg AP 43 1 505 19 25 29 VL 93 91 88 30 69 67 65 Salem AP 45 0 195 15 21 25 VL 92 88 84 31 69 67 66 The Dalles 45 4 102 7 13 17 VL 93 91 88 28 70 68 67 PENNSYLVANIA - 2 3 5 M 92 90 87 22 77 75 74 Altoona CO 40 2 1468 - 4 1 5 L 89 87 84 23 74 73 72 Butler 40 4 1100 - 8 _ 2 2 L 91 89 86 22 75 74 73 40 0 640 0 5 9 L 94 92 SO 23 76 75 74

Erie AP 42 1 732 1 7 11 M 88 85 82 18 76 74 73

Harrisburg AP 40 1 335 4 9 13 L 92 89 86 21 76 75 74 Johnstown 40 2 1214 - 4 1 5 L 91 87 85 23 74 73 72 Lancaster 40 1 255 - 3 2 6 L 92 90 87 22 77 76 75

Meadville 41 4 1005 - 6 0 4 M 88 86 83 21 75 73 72 New Castle 41 0 825 - 7 - 1 4 M 91 89 SO 23 75 74 73

67c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Conf'mued)*

^ Col. I Cof. 2

Laiihjde"

o /

Col. 3

E/ev,"* Ft

%\tmmaT

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Co/. 4

99% 97i%

Co/. 2

Co/nci- den/ Wind

Ve- /ociV

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Col. 8

Design Wel-Bulb

1% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

4 39 5 7 7 11 15 M 93 90 87 21 78 77 76

Pittsburgh AP 40 3 1137 — 1 5 y

"Kit 90 87 85 22 75 74 73

Pittsburgh CO 40 3 749 r 1 7 11 MTV J 90 So 85 19 75 74 73

PpnHincr CO 40 2 226 11 6 9 M 92 90 87 19 77 76 75

41 2 940 — 6 2 6 L 89 87 84 19 75 74 73 40 5 1171 — *3O i O

T

Li 89 87 84 23 74 73 72

rsiin r»iirv 40 5 480 — z 3 7 L 91 89 86 22 76 75 74

TTninnf'/^WTi 39 5 1040 1 4

o8T 90 88 85 22 75 74 73 Wpit ChpQtpr

41 5 1280 — o» — 3 1

TL 89 87 84 24 75 73 T2 40 0 440 4 9 13 M 92 90 87 20 77 76 75

41 1 — 0 1 5 L 91 89 86 23 76 75 74

Vnrlf 40 0 — 1 4 8 L 93 91 88 22 77 76 75

41 3 1 5 11 H 86 84 81 16 75 74 73

41 4 0 6 10 M 89 86 83 19 76 75 74 34 3 13 18 22 L 96 94 91 21 77 76 75

Charleston AFB 32 5 41 19 23 27 L 94 92 90 18 81 80 79

Charleston CO 32 5 9 23 26 30 L 95 93 90 13 81 80 79 Pnlnmhio A P 34 0 917 16 20 23 L 98 96 94 22 79 79 78

YTIr^PAnf^a AP 34 1 16 21 25 L 96 94 92 21 80 79 78

>• rr A'f TIT n 33 2 1*1 19 23 26 L 93 91 88 18 81 80 79

fii"cuar4Tn 1 A P 34 5 14 19 23 L 95 93 91 21 77 76 75

34 1 15 19 23 L 97 95 92 21 78 77 76

33 3 17 21 25 L 97 95 92 20 80 79 78

Pnplf Hill 35 0 4.70 13 17 21 L 97 95 92 20 78 77 76

Rrio n r»i 1 t(t A P 35 0 Oi.U 13 18 22 L 95 93 90 20 77 76 75

fiiimtor RVtQTxr A TTP 34 0 9Q1 18 23 26 L 96 94 92 21 80 79 78

45 3 1296 —29 — 22 — 18 L 95 92 89 27 77 75 74 44 2 1642 —26 — 19 — 15 M 93 90 87 25 77 75 74

TTiir/Mi A P 44 3 —24 — 16 — 12 L 97 93 90 28 77 75 74

43 5

1 Q4ft —22 — 15 — 11 M 96 94 91 28 77 76 74

PiAT^a AP 44 2 1 71 fif 1/ lor —21 — 13 — 9 M 98 96 93 29 76 74 73

Ponirl rWitr AP 44 0 OlDO — 17 — 9 — 6 M 96 94 91 28 72 71 69

Qtrkliv TTalla AP 43 4 — 21 — 14 — 10 M 95 92 89 24 77 75 74

\A/ A 4 A**4-i^Tim A 45 0 1 74ft — 27 — 20 — 16 L 93 90 87 26 76 74 73

IT D Ti ttr^n 43 0 -18 -11 - 7 M 96 94 91 25 78 76 75

33 3 &40 1 A10 14 18 T 96 94 91 22 77 76 75

Bristoi-Tri City AP 36 3 1519 — 1 11 16 L 92 90 88 22 76 75 74

linQ ^to nnntrct A P 35 0 11 15 19 L 97 94 92 22 78 78 77 36 4 47n 6 12 16 L 98 96 94 21 79 78 77 35 4 Ron 8 13 17 L 97 95 93 21 79 78 77

36 0 334 7 13 17 L 98 96 94 21 80 79 78 35 5 5 10 14 L 93 91 88 22 76 75 74 35 4 411 8 14 17 L 97 95 94 21 80 79 78

TTn/w-crillA AP 35 5 QQO 9 13 17 L 95 92 90 21 77 76 75

K^AiVknrtiC) A 35 0 11 17 21 L 98 96 94 21 80 79 78 35 5 DUo 7 13 17 L 97 94 92 22 79 78 77

^aaVtTrillA AP 36 1

(^77 6 12 16 L 97 95 92 21 79 78 77 35 2 7 13 17 L 96 94 92 22 79 78 77

TCYA C ICAAd 32 3 1759 12 17 21 M 101 99 97 22 76 75 74

Alice AP 27 4 180 26 30 34 M 101 99 97 20 81 80 79 35 1 Qftn7 oDU# 2 8 12 M 98 96 93 26 72 71 70 30 2 19 25 29 M 101 98 96 22 79 78 77

29 0

(^9 25 29 33 M 95 93 91 16 81 80 79

30 0 25 29 33 M 96 94 93 19 81 80 79 28 2 225 24 28 32 M 99 97 96 18 81 80 79 32 2 2537 12 18 22 M 100 98 96 26 75 73 72 25 5 16 32 36 40 M 94 92 91 18 80 80 79

31 5 1435 15 20 25 M 102 100 98 22 76 75 74 «ryan AP 30 4 275 22 27 31 M 100 98 96 20 79 78 78

68c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Confinued)*

V Co/. 1 StaH and SfaHon^

Col. 2

Lamude'

o /

Col. 3

Eley,'^ Ft

V/inttr Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- treme!

Cot. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Detign Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Col. 8 Oe»0n Wet-Bulb

» of 1% 2J% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

TEXAS {conlinu*d)

Corpus Christi AP 27 5 4d 28 32 36 M A C yo AO 91 19 81 80 80

Corsicana 32 0 4Z0 16 oi11 o c

Zi) M 1 AO 1 AA 98 21 79 78 77

Dallas AP 32 5 4S1 14 19 24 H 1 AT 99 97 20 79 78 78

T\_l T>;-, T »..«.ui:« A TO 29 2

1 f\70 LVJt Z 24 28 31 M 1 A1 101 AA99 98 24 79 77 76

33 1 655 1 QIS ZZ ITrl 102 100 98 22 79 78 77

TP _ 1 _ Tl 28 5

'7A'i 0"7 Zl T

Li 1 AR lUO 1 f\A 1U4 102 24 80 79 78

T " 1 T )

* T> 31 5

Q01 ft 16 21 '2b

T 1 AA iUU AQ98 96 27 70 69 68 32 5 o44r 14 20 24 H 1 AO luz 1 AA 98 22 79 78 77

/-» _1 1 4 TJ 29 2

eO 28 32 36 M yi ay CO88 10 82 81 81

33 0 575 13 19 0>4 z4 TTn 101 99 97 21 79 78 78 26 1 Q7 30 34 ooJ» M AC96 95 94 19 80 80 79

TT ^ ^ L A Ty 29 4 ou 23 ooZS ooiZ M ACytj A A 94 92 18 80 80 79

TT i /~\ 29 5 loor 24 29 33 M 96 fiA 94 92 18 80 80 79

t ¥ ATM 1 1 ,1. 30 4 22 27 31 M 99 97 96 20 80 79 78

Killeen-Gray AFB 31 0 1021 17 oo oeZo Ayr 100 99 97 22 78 77 76 32 5

OOA£^ 7 14 18 iva 1 AA lUU AQ98 96 26 74 73 72

T J ^ A T/D 27 3 OUo 29 32 36 TL

1 AO 1 A1 100 23 79 78 78 32 2 16 21 25 M 1 AA lUU AQ9o 96 20 81 80 79

T i.UU^y^l' A T> 33 4 4 11 15 M AAyy A79/ 94 26 73 72 71

Lufkin AP 31 1 286 19 24 oo M 98 96 95 20 81 80 79 26 1

1 oo 30 34 38 MIV Jf 102 1 AA 100 98 21 80 79 78

Hyf ; J A T> 32 0 /o 1 o r 13 19 23 A/f 1 AA luu AO9» 96 26 74 73 72 32 5 12 18 22 H 102 1 AA i.OU 98 22 78 77 76

31 5 OoU 16 21 25 M 99 AT97 96 20 80 79 78

35 3 3230 0 7 11 AMjr 100 98 95 26 73 72 71 31 2 10 15 19 T 102 100 97 27 72 71 70 34 1 o4UU 3 10 14 AMjr 100 98 95 26 73 72 71

l^ort Arthur Ar 30 0 lo 25 29 33 M 94 92 91 19 81 80 80 Ban Angelo, (jOoaieUow Arii. . . 31 2 15 20 25 M lOi 99 97 24 76 75 74 San Antonio AP 29 3 792 22 25 30 L 99 97 96 19 77 77 76 OL Ti ! A TT* 33 4 7 DO 12 18 23 H 101 99 97 22 79 78 77 32 4 9 15 19 M 102 100 97 26 75 74 73

31 1 o/o 18 23 27 M 101 99 97 22 79 78 77

rn,,i__ A T> 32 2 15 20 24 M 99 97 96 21 80 79 78

_ 34 1 7 14 18 H 103 101 99 24 77 76 75 28 5 1U4 24 28 32 M 98 96 95 18 80 79 79

TTT A T.J 31 4 16 21 26 M 101 99 98 22 79 78 78 34 0 yy4 9 15 19 H 103 100 98 24 77 76 75 UTAH

Cedar City AP 37 4 5613 — 10 — 1 6 VL 94 91 89 32 65 64 CObZ

41 4 Alto — 7 3 7 VL 93 91 89 33 66 65 63 38 5 once 2 12 16 VL 100 98 95 30 66 65 64

41 1 44UU — 3 7 11 VL 94 92 89 33 66 65 CAo4 39 4 oooO — 7 3 7 L 93 91 88 33 65 64 CO6o _

40 1

/< A 7A 44/U — 6 2 6 L 96 93 91 32 67 66 65 38 5

COAA — 10 — 1 3 L 94 92 89 34 66 65 CA04 37 1 OOAA 13 22 26 VL 104 102 99 33 71 70 69 40 5 4^ZU — 2 5 9 L 97 94 92 32 67 66 65 VA*n n 1 A "D 40 3 COCA —20 — 10 — 6 • VL 90 88 84 32 64 63 COOZ VEKMONT

44 1

1 1 OA 1 lJU -23 -17 -13 L 86 84 81 23 73 72 70 44 3

OO 1 -18 -12 - 7 M 88 85 83 23 74 73 71 43 3 620 — 18 — 12 — 8 L 87 85 82 23 74 73 71 VIRGINIA 38 1 O^A 7 11 15 L 93 90 88 23 79 77 76

T*tAnv.tllA A T3 36 3 590 9 13 17 L 95 92 90 21 78 77 V6 38 2 50 6 10 14 M 94 92 89 21 79 78 76 38 3 1340 0 5 9 L 92 90 87 23 78 77 76

Norfolk AP

37 2 947 10 15 19 L 94 92 89 21 77 76 75 36 5 26 18 20 23 M 94 91 89 18 79 78 78 Petersburg 37 1 194 10 15 18 L 96 94 91 20 80 79 78

69c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Continued)*-*

' Cel. J

-

' ' Sfafe and Station^

Cel. 2

Latitude' o /

Co/. 2

Cf d

Winter Summer

rnCQ ion of Annuol

ExCel. 4

yy /o y/j/o

Co/. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Detign Dry-Bulb

Col. 6

Out- door

Daily Range'

Col. 8

Deiign Wet-Bulb

1 /o 2470 5% 1% 5%

VIRGINIA Uoniinued) Richmond AP 37 3 162 10 14 18 OR QTyo Oly 1 91 7Q/y 78 77

37 2 1174r g 15 18 L Q4 Qly 1 oyfiQ 9'^ zo 7AI O 75 74

oO 9 1480 3 8 12 L Q9 yu o/ 23 7o 77 75

oy^0 1i 750 1 6 10 L Q4 Q9y^ oyCO 21 /o 7o 75 WASHINGTON

Aberdeen 47 0 12 19 24 27 M 83 80 77 110A 62 61 60 48 5 150 g 14 T

Li 7A 74 7 1 1 oly o/ 65 63 Bremerton 3O 162 17 24 29 L oO ft! ol 77 90 DO 66 65 EUensburg AP nu 1729 - 5 2 6 VL y 1 COoy OO 34 d7 65 63

Everett-Paine AFB 47 o 598 13 19 24 L 82 78 74 20 67 65 63 Kennewick n 392 4 11 15 VT. yo yo oUQO oy 68 66

4fi \ 12 14 20 24 T, oo oO oo QOoU DO 6d 65 Moses Lake, Larson AFB 47 1 1183 -14 - 7 - 1 VL yo y»j onyu 32 ACDO ccDO 65 Olympia AP 47 fiu 190 15 21 25 L oo oo OU 32 A7Di DO AODO Port Angeles 4R 1 99 20 26 IVl 7=; 71 70/u 1 clo AADU CO58 57

Seattle- Boeing Fid 47 3 14 17 23 27 L oU 77 94 A70/ c c DO 64

Seattle CO 47 4 14 22 28 32 L ol 7QI y 7fi /O 10ly A70/ c c DO 64

Seattle- Tacoma AP Io 386 14 20 24 L ol 77 99 AA00 A/4 01 AODO Spokane AP 47 4 2357 — 5 _ 2 4 VL 93 90 87 9Rzo 66 64 63 Tacoma-McChord AFB 47 350 14 20 24 T. oO ol 7C* O 99 AC00 AADO R.A 04 Walla Walla AP 4fi ID 1 1185 5 12 16 VL yo yo OQyo 97 AOoy AODo ccOD

47 2 634 - 2 5 9 VL Q9 COoy 32 ACDO AADO 04

4fi oq 1061 - 1 6 10 VL Qdy** Q9y^ RQoy 36 AOoy A70/ AK00 WEST VIRGINIA VlO 1 KO 2330 — 4 0 5 L y 1 oo Rfi oo 99 7Q •70 a

Bluefield AP 37 2 2850 g 10 L oo oD RQOO 99 7:4. 7Q/ O 79

Charleston AP 38 2 939 \ 9 14 L Q9y^i onyu CGOO 90 7A/o /O •7/1 74

Or* 9 977 — 2 3 7 L y^i yu C7Oi 91^ 1 7A/o 7 C /o 7/4 74

Elkins AP IS e. o 1970 — 4 1 5 T. fl7 Ol o'l C9OZ 99 i 4

7Q/O •70

Huntington CO oo 9 565

r

4 10 1

4

T

Ij 95 93 91 99 77 76 75 Martinsburg AP 39 2 537 1 « 10 T

Lj yo Q4y*! Oly 1 91Zl 7Q/O 77 ^c70

39 4 1245 _ 2

3o 7

T

1 J onyu oo 00c=; 99Lit 7A/O 70/o Parkersburg CO OiJ 2 615r 2 8 12 L yo Qly 1 ccOo 21 77 7A/O (0 Wheeling 40 1

1. 659 0 5 9 L Qly 1 CQoy Cfi 00 21 7A/O 7J^

/ 0

•7/4 /4 WISCONSIN

44 9 742 — 16 — 10 — 6 M 89 87 84 9*^ 75 74 72 Ashland 4fi O 650 — 27 — 21 — 17 T, OO oO OURO 9'^ 7Q/ O

71/ 1 AOoy

Beloit 42 3 780 — 13 _ 7 _ -Jo ivi QOyu R7o# 94 77 7A/ O

7tl

/ 0 Eau Claire AP 44 5 888 -21 -15 -11 L QO SRoo OOR=i 23 7A/ O 74 79 Fond du Lac 43 5 760 -17 -11 - 7 M 8Q R7Ol O^R4 23 7A/ O 74 7Q

Green Bay AP 44 •}o 683 — 16 — 12 _ 7 M 88 85 R9 9"? ^o 7^# o 711 o 79

4*^ O 6.52 — IS — 12 — 8 M 90 ssOO R^oo 22 7R* o 7fi 7*^

/ o Madison AP 4"^ \ 858 — 13 — 9 _ 5 M 92 RRoo R=i oo 99 77 7^ 7Q 44 1 660 — 11 _ 5 _ 1 M ssoo Rfi OO oo 91 7*^ i o 74 79 Marinette 45 0 605 — 14 — 8 — 4 M RS oORK OOR.Q 20 74 79 70

4^ \j 672 — 11 — 6 _ 2 M QO S7 R4O^ 21 77 7*^

/ o 7Q/ 0 49 4 640 — 10 — 4 0 M 90 88 85 21 77 75 73 Sheboygan 4*t 648 — 10 — 4 0 M 89 87 84 20 76 74 72 44 3 1079 — 22 — 16 — 12 M SQ R7 R4 9"? ^o / o

7*1 71f 1 Waukesha 43 0 860 — 12 — 6 _ 2 ill- 01 RQoy Sfi 22 77 7 =

/ O 74/ 4 Wausau AP 44 6 1196 -24 -18 -14 M SQ Sft OO snoO 23 74 79 70# U WYOMING

Casper AP 42 5 5319 — 20 — 1

1

_ 5 L 92 90 87 ^1 63 62 60

41 1 6126 — 15 — 6 _ 2 M 89 86 83 "111 63 62 61 Cody AP 44 3 5090 — 23 — 13 — 9 L 90 87 84 32 61 60 59

41 2 6860 — 22 — 12 — 8 VL 84 82 79 '^9 58 57 56 Lander AP 42 5 5563 -26 -16 -12 VL 92 90 87 32 63 62 60

41 2 7266 — 17 — 6 — 2 M 82 80 77 28 61 59 58

43 5 4480 -18 - 9 - 5 M 92 89 86 30 68 67 66 Rawlins 41 5 6736 -24 -15 -11 L 86 84 81 40 62 61 60

41 4 6741 -16 - 6 - 1 VL 86 84 82 32 58 57 56 Sheridan AP 44 5 3942 -21 -12 - 7 L 95 92 89 32 67 65 64

42 0 4098 -20 -11 - 7 M 94 92 89 30 68 67 66

70c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Cont/nued)*'*

CANADA

\,OI, 1 Provfnc* ofK^ Stafion^

Col. 2

LoUiude'

0 /

Col. 3

E/ev,"! ft

Winfer Summtr

Aver- age

Annual

Mini- mum

Co/. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Ve-

/oci'fy"

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Col. 8 Oejign Wel-Bulb

1% 2i% 5% 1% 5%

ALBERTA Calgary AP 51 1 3540 -30 -29 -25 M 87 85 82 26 66 64 63 Edmonton AP 53 3 2219 -30 -29 -26 VL 86 83 80 23 69 67 65 Grande Prairie AP 55 1 2190 -44 -43 -37 VL 84 81 78 23 66 64 63

Jasper CO 52 5 3480 -38 -32 -28 VL 87 84 81 28 66 64 63

Lethbridge AP 49 4 3018 -31 -31 -24 M 91 88 85 28 68 66 64 McMurray AP 56 4 1216 — 44 — 42 — 30 V L 87 84 81 28 69 67 65 50 0 2365 -33 -30 -26 M 96 93 90 28 72 69 67

52 1 -38 -33 -28 VL 88 86 83 25 67 65 64

BRITISH COLUMBIA Dawson Creek 55 5 2200 -47 -40 -35 L 84 81 78 25 66 64 63

Fort Nelson AP 58 5 1230 -43 -44 -41 VL 87 84 81 23 66 64 63 Kamloops CO 50 4 1150 -15 -16 -10 VL 97 94 91 31 71 69 68

49 1 100 16 17 20 VL 81 78 75 20 66 64 62 New Westminster CO 49 1 50 12 15 19 VL 86 84 82 20 68 66 65

Penticton AP 49 3 1121 0 - 1 3 L 94 91 88 31 71 69 68

Prince George AP 53 5 2218 -38 -37 -31 VL 85 82 79 26 68 65 63

Prince Rupert CO 54 2 170 9 11 15 L 73 71 69 13 62 60 59

Trail 49 1 1400 - 3 — 2 3 VL 94 91 88 30 70 68 67 Vancouver AP 49 1 16 13 15 19 L 80 78 76 17 68 66 65

Victoria CO 48 3 228 20 20 23 M 80 76 72 16 64 62 60 MANITOBA

Brandon CO 49 5 1200 -36 -29 -26 M 90 87 84 26 75 73 71 Churchill AP 58 5 115 -43 -40 -38 H 79 75 72 18 68 66 63 Dauphin AP 51 1 999 -35 -29 -26 M 89 86 83 24 74 72 70

Flin Fion CO 54 5 1098 -38 -40 -36 L 85 81 78 19 71 69 67 Portage la Prairie AP 49 5 867 -28 -25 -22 M 90 87 84 22 75 74 72 The Pas AP 54 0 894 -41 -35 -32 M 85 81 78 20 73 71 69 Winnipeg AP 49 5 786 -31 -28 -25 M 90 87 84 23 75 74 72 NEW BRUNSWICK

Campbellton CO 48 0 25 -20 -18 -14 L 87 84 81 20 74 71 69 Chatham AP 47 0 112 -17 -15 -10 M 90 87 84 22 74 71 69 Edmundstnn CO 47 2 500 -29 -20 -16 M 84 81 78 21 75 72 70

Fredericton AP. 45 5 74 -19 -16 -10 L 89 86 83 23 73 70 68 Moncton AP 46 1 248 -16 -12 - 7 H 88 85 82 21 74 71 69 45 2 352 -15 -12 - 7 M 81 79 77 18 71 68 66 NEWFOUNDLAND

Corner Brook CO 49 0 40 - 9 -10 - 5 H 84 ?1 79 18 69 68 66 Gander AP 49 0 482 - 5 - 5 - 1 H 85 82 79 20 69 68 66

St. John's AP

53 2 144 -28 -27 -25 M 86 81 77 18 69 67 65 47 4 463 1 2 6 H 79 77 75 17 69 68 66 Stephen ville. 48 3 44 - 4 - 6 - 1 H 79 76 74 13 69 68 66 NORTHWEST TERRITORIES Fort Smith AP 60 0 665 -51 -49 -46 VL 85 83 80 25 67 65 64 Frobisher Bay AP 63 5 68 -45 -45 -42 H 63 59 56 14 Inuvik 68 2 75 -54 -50 -48 VL 80 77 75 23 63 61 60

Resolute AP 74 4 209 -52 -49 -47 M 54 51 49 10 Yellowknife AP 62 3 682 -51 -49 -47 VL 76 17 00 DO 0-* NOVA SCOTIA

45 5 63 -15 -10 - 5 H 85 82 79 21 72 70 08

Halifax AP 44 4 136 - 4 0 4 H 83 80 77 16 69 68 67 Kentville CO 45 0 50 — 8 — 4 0 JVl 86 83 80 72 70 69 45 4 317 -16 -10 - 5 H 84 81 79 21 72 70 68

Truro CO

46 1 1Q7 - 3 0 5 H 84 82 SO 20 72 70 68 45 2 77 -17 -12 - / 84 81 79 22 72 70 69 43 5 136 '2 5 9 H 76 73 71 15 69 68 67 ONTARIO

Belleville CO 44 1 250 -15 -11 - 7 M 89 86 84 21 77 75 73 Chatham CO 42 2 600 - 1 3 6 M 92 90 88 20 77 75 74 Cornwall 45 0 210 — 22 -14 - 9 M 89 86 84 23 77 75 74 Fort William AP 48 2 644 -31 -27 -23 L 86 83 80 23 72 70 68

43 2 303 - 2 0 3 M 91 88 86 21 77 75 73 Kapuskasing AP 49 3 752 -37 -31 -28 M 87 84 81 23 73 71 69 Kenora AP 49 5 1345 -33 -31 -28 M 86 83 80 20 75 73 71 Kingston CO 44 2 300 -16 -10 - 7 M 85 82 80 20 77 75 73

71c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Concfuded)'* *

Cor 1 Prov/nc* and StaUon^

Cof. 2

Latitude'

o /

Co/. 3

Cf A

Elev, Ft

V/inter 1 Summer

Aver- age'

Annuol

Mini- mum

Cot. 4

y/ J /o

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

OutOof/y Range'

Cof. S

Design Wet-Bulb

1% *3 /O /o ' /o *I /o •> /o

ONTARIO (conf/nued) 43 3 1125 — 11 — 3 1 M 88 85 83 24 76 75 74 43 0 912 — 9 — 1 3 M 90 88 86 22 76 75 74 North Bay AP 46 2 1210 -27 -21 -17 M 87 84 82 18 71 70 oy

43 5 370 -11 - 5 - 2 M 90 87 85 21 77 75 7'^

45 2 339 —21 -17 -13 M 90 87 84 21 75 74 7^

Qo 597 — 9 — 5 — 1 M 87 84 82 21 74 72 71 2 648 —20 — 13 — 9 M 90 87 85 22 76 74 73

St. Catharines CO 43 I 325 1 2 5 M 91 88 86 20 77 75 t o

Sarnia 625 — 6 2 6 M 92 90 88 19 76 74 73

Sault Ste. Marie CO 46 3 675 -21 -20 -15 M 88 85 83 22 72 70 46 3 850 —25 — 20 — 15 VL 89 86 84 25 72 70 69 Timmins CO rto "io 1100 —37 -33 -28 M 90 87 84 24 73 71 RQUJ Toronto AP rto 4 578 — 10 _ 3 1 M 90 87 85 22 77 75 73 Windsor AP 42 2 637 _ 1 4 7 M 92 90 88 20 77 75 74

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Charlottetown AP 46 2 186 — 11 — 6 — 3 H 84 81 79 16 72 70 68

46 3 78 -10 - 8 - 3 H 84 81 79 16 72 70 68 QUEBEC

48 2 536 —35 — 26 — 22 VL 88 84 81 20 72 71 69

Chicoutimi CO 4k Jo 150 —31 — 24 — 20 VL 87 83 80 20 72 71 69 Drummondville CO 4^ o 270 — 26 — 18 — 13 M 88 85 82 22 76 74 72

*±o 9 550 — 23 — 17 -12 L 87 84 82 21 76 74 72 Hull 45 3 200 —21 — 17 — 13 M 90 87 84 21 75 74 73 45 4 1362 -27 -20 -16 M 84 81 78 19 75 73 71

Montreal AP 4^ o 98 —20 — 16 — 10 M 88 86 84 18 76 74 73

4fi co 245 — 25 — 19 — 13 in 86 82 79 21 75 73 71 48 3 117 — 18 — 16 — 12 H 78 74 71 18 71 69 68 45 2 129 — 21 — 15 — 10 M 87 85 83 20 76 74 73

4'i O 310 —30 — 18 — 13 L 87 84 82 23 76 74 73 Sept lies AP cn0\i 1 190 — 29 -27 -22 L 80 78 75 17 66 64 63

46 3 306 —27 — 20 — 15 L 88 . 85 83 21 76 74 72 Sherbrooke CO to 2 595 — 25 — 18 — 13 L 87 84 81 20 75 73 71 46 0 1020 —25 — 19 — 14 M 86 83 80 22 75 73 71 Trois Rivieres CO 46 2 200 -30 -18 -13 M 88 85 82 23 76 74 72 Val d'Or AP 48 0 1108 -37 -31 -27 L 88 85 82 22 72 71 69

Valleyfield 45 2 150 —20 — 14 — 9 M 87 85 83 21 76 74 73 SASKATCHEWAN

49 0 1884 —32 —30 — 25 M yo oO 25 i 0 1 0

71 50 2 1857 —33 —32 -27 M 93 89 86 27 73 71 69 North Battleford AP 52 5 1796 —33 — 33 — 29 L 90 86 83 25 71 69 67

Prince Albert AP 53 1 1414 -45 -41 -35 VL 88 84 81 25 72 70 68

Regina AP 50 3 1884 -38 -34 -29 M 92 88 85 27 73 71 69

52 1 1645 -37 -34 -30 M 90 86 83 25 71 69 67

Swift Current AP 50 2 2677 -31 -29 -25 M 93 89 86 24 72 70 68 Yorkton AP 51 2 1653 -38 -33 -28 M 89 85 82 23 74 72 70 YUKON TERRITORY Whitehorse AP 60 4 2289 -45 -45 -42 VL 78 75 72 22 62 60 59

* Data for U. S. stations extracted from Evaluated Weather Data for Cooling Equipment Detign, Addendum No. 1, Winter and Summer Data, with the permission

of the publisher, Fluor Products Company, Inc., Box 1267, Santa Rosa, California.

' D^a compiled from official weather stations, where hourly weather observ ations are made by trained observers, and from other sources. Table 1 prepared by

ASHRAG Technical Committee 2.2, Weather Data and DceiKn Conditions. Percentage of u infer desipn data show the percent of 3-nionth period, December throueh

February. Canadian data are based on January only. Percentage of summer design data show the percent of 4-month period, June through September. Canadian

data are based on July onl.v. Also see References 1 to 7. * When airport temperature observations were used to develop design data, ".^P" follows station name, and "AFB" follows .Kir Force Bases. Data for stations followed by "CO" came from office locations witliin an urban area and generally re6ecl an influence of the surrounding area. Stations without designation can be

considered semirural and may be directly compared with moet airport data.

• Latitude is given to the nearest 10 minutes, for use in calculating solar loads. For example, the latitude for Anniston, Alabama is given as 33 4, or 33°40'. Elevations are ground elevations for each station as of 1964. Temperature readings are generally made at an elevation of 5 ft above ground, except for locations m&rked r, indicating roof exposure of thermometer.

• Coincident wind velocities derived from approximately coldest 600 hours out of 20,000 hours of December through February data per station. Also see Refer- ences 5 and 6. The four classifications are: VL «= Very Light, 70 percent or more of cold extreme hours <7 mph. M = Moderate, 50 to 74 percent cold extreme hours >7 mph. L " Light, 50 to 69 percent cold extreme hours <7 mph. H = High, 75 percent or more cold extreme hours >7 mph., and 50 percent are >12 mph.

' The difference between the average maximum and average minimum temperatures during tiie warmest month.

t NIore detailed data on Arizona, California, and Nevada may be found in Recommended Design Temperatures, Xorthern, California, published by the Golden Gate

Chftpter; and Recomrrundtd Dctign Temperature*, Soulhim California, Arizona, Nevada, published by the Southern California Chapter.

72 c
Climatic Conditions for Other Foreign Countries

, Col. 7 Country and Station

Col. 2

Latitude and

Longitude

o /

Col. 3

Elevation, Ft

Winter Summer

Mean

of Annual

cxCo/. 4 Coh 5

Design Dry-Bulb

Co/. 6

Out- door

Daily Range

F deg

Co/. 7

DeWgn Wef-Bu/b

2^70 5% 1% 2i% 5%

ADENAdsn 12 50N/45 02E 10 Do ACDo 70 1 09 1lUU00 Qfi yo 11 or? oo 82 82 AFGHANISTAN Kabul 34 35N/69 12E 5955 9 D

Q Qfi OAyo Q9yo 32 66 65 64

ALGERIA

A.lgi6rs 36 46N/3 03E 194 oo 4^rtO Qt; yo Q9yz CQoy 1 A 11 76 75 ARGENTINA Buenos Aires 34 35S/58 29W 89 97 Q9o/ 0494 Q1y 1

ftO oy CAoO 11 76 75 C6rdoba 31 22S/64 15W 1388 91 9fi O.Z 99 100 OA 09yo 072,1 7A/D 74 Tucuman 26 508/65 low 1401 94 oZ^9 oD9A luz 1 09 QQyy QAyo 76 75 74

AUSTRALIA Adelaide 34 568/138 35E 140 oO OO 40 Oft yo 04 01yi o c "70 11 70 68

Alice Springs 23 488/133 53E 1795 Za Ort 97 1 04 102 1lUU00 7Ci

/ 0

1

A

72 Brisbane 27 28S/153 02E 137 QQoy AA 47 yi ftfi oo CAoD 1 o 18 11 76 75 Darwin 12 288/130 51E 88 AO Ad AADO Q4y4 09yo 01y 1 ID QO0-6 »1 81 Melbourne 37 498/144 58E 114 Q1ol oO 9Coo Qc; yo Qly i CAoD Ol 7171 69 68 Perth 31 57S/115 51E 210 oo 49 100 Qfi 09yo Lit 7A/D '7 A

1 4 73 Sydney 33 528/151 12E 138 oa ACi ^9 fiQ oy 84o4 oUso 13 7>l 73 72 AUSTRIA Vienna 48 15N/16 22E 644 — oZ D

1

1

1

1

fiC oo ftA OD ooC9 io 7171 -69 67 AZORES

Lajes (Terceira) 38 45N/27 OoW 170 4A^D 4Q4y ftO oU 7ft / o 77 11 7Q/O 'TO 71 BAHAMAS

Nassau 25 05N/77 21W 11 A1Di A9 Do QOyu ftO oy Rft oo 1 0lo OAoU OAoO 79 BELGIUM

Brussels 50 48N/4 21E 328 io 10 1 Qly 83 79 77 1 oly 70 68 67 BERMUDA

Kindley AFB 33 22N/64 41

W

129 4.7 Oo 00 557 ou oo 1 olZ 7Q/o 7»

BOLIVIA La Paz 16 308/68 09W 12001 28 31 33 71 fiQ Aft Do 24 OH K7 56

BRAZIL Belem 1 27S/48 29W 42 fi7 70 71 QOyu ft7 o/ 1Qly CA8U 7A 78 Belo Horizonte 19 568/43 57W 3002 A9 47 ciO ou SAoO o^ oo 1 Q 7fi 7E^ 7s: Brasilia 15 528/47 55W 3442 4A'ID 4Q 01 QQoy oo CAoD 1 71 / 7A lb 75

Curitiba 25 258/49 17W 3114 9S2 '?4 o^ 97 OO 84. o^ oZR9 91Zl 7(i 1

A

1 4 74

Fortaleza 3 468/38 33W 89 DO AQDy 70t\J • Qly 1 QO oyftQ 1 7 70 "70 78 Porto Alegre 30 028/51 13W 33 oz^9 o / 40 yo Q9 ftO oy 90 7ft 7A 7(i

Recife 8 048/34 53

W

97 A7D / AQDy 70 fift oo 87O 1 oDSA IOlU 7Q/O 7711 TT77

J^io de Janeiro 22 558/43 12W 201 !^A OD Oo AODU 04y4 Q9y^ 00 11 CA 7Q1 y 7C Salvador 13 008/38 30W 154 At; DO A7 Aft Do ftQ oo 87 RAoD 1IZ9 7Q 70/y 7Q/O S5o Paulo 23 338/46 38W 2608 oD 49 4AID oD 84 R9O*" 1

R

lo 7'; 74/ 4

7A

BRITISH HONDURAS

Belize 17 31N/88 UW 17 00 AODU A9DZ QOyu on RQoy 1

9

lo o^ oi 81 BULGARIA

Sofia 42 42N/23 20E 1805 9 QO

oo oy ou o*± 9AxD 71/ 1 7A AQoy BURMA

Mandalay 21 59N/96 06E 252 ou

rAiy± t^A 00 104 102 101 90oU 81oi oUan an Rangoon 16 47N/96 09E 18 oy A9DZ A9Do 100 lUU QS 0^yo 9^; zo oo COoi oi89 CAMBODIA Phnom Penh . . . 11 33N/104 51E 36 A9 AADO AQDo Qft yo Qfi 04 1

Q

i.y 8"? oo oZ 89oi CEYLON Colombo 6 54N/79 52E 24 AC;, DO AQDy 70 QOyu SO Rft oo 1 1; 10 CIol QAoU oU

CHILE Punta Arenas 53 108/70 54W 26 99 97 Aft Do fifi DO A4Orr 1

4

11 00 00 14 Santiago 33 278/70 42W 1706 97 99 o - oO QOyu SQoy RRoo 99o/ 71/ 1 7A oy

Valparaiso 33 OlS/71 38W 135 oy 4Q ^A4D fti ol 7Q 77 ID fi7 DO QO CHINA Chungking 29 33N/106 33E 755 QA04 Q7o/ 9Qoy 99 97 95 1 clo 81 80 79 Shanghai 31 12N/121 26E 23 1 AID 99Zo 9A 94 92 90 1 AID 81 81 80 COLOMBIA

Baranquilla 10 59N/74 48W 44 66 70 72 95 94 93 17 83 82 82 Bogota 4 36N/74 05W 8406 42 45 46 72 70 69 19 60 59 58

Cali 3 25N/76 SOW 3189 .53 57 58 84 82 79 15 70 69 63

0 lo-N /to ODW 4D0U 48 53 55 87 85 84 25 73 72 72 CONGO

Brazzaville 4 158/15 15E 1043 54 60 62 93 92 91 21 81 81 80 Kinasha (Leopoldville) 4 208/15 ISE 1066 54 60 62 92 91 90 19 81 80 80

Stanleyville 0 26N/15 14E 1370 65 67 68 92 91 90 19 81 80 80

73c
Climatic Conditions for Other Foreign Countries (Continuecf)

^ Cof. 7 Country and Station

' i'-' ' '

Col. 2

latitude and

Longitude

O 1

Col. 3

Elevation, Ft

Winttr Summer

Mean

of Annual

Extrenies

Col. 4

99% 97J%

Col. 5

Detign Dry-Bulb

Col. 6

Out- door

Daily Range

F deg

Col. 7

Design Wet-Bulb

1% 5% 1% 2i%

CUBA

19 54N/75 09W 21 60 64 66 94 93 92 16 82 81 80 Havana 23 08N/S2 21W 80 54 59 62 92 91 89 14 81 81 80 CZECHOSLOVAKIA

50 05N/14 25E 662 3 4 9 88 85 83 16 66 65 64 DENMARK

55 41N/12 33E 43 11 16 19 79 76 74 17 68 66 64 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo 18 29N/69 54

W

57 61 63 65 92 90 88 16. 81 80 80 ECUADOR

2 lOS/79 53\V 20 61 64 65 92 91 89 20 80 80 79 Quito 0 13S/78 32W 9446 30 36 39 73 72 71 32 63 62 62

EL SALVADOR

13 42N/89 13W 2238 51 54 56 98 96 95 32 77 76 75

ETHIOPIA 9 02N/38 45E 7753 35 39 41 84 82 81 28 66 65 64

15 17N/3S 55E 7628 36 40 42 83 81 SO 27 65 64 63 FINLAND 60 10N/24.57E 30 -11 - 7 - 1 77 74 72 14 66 65 63 FRANCE Lyon 45 42N/4 47E 938 - 1 10 14 91 89 86 23 71 70 69

43 18N/5 23E 246 23 25 28 90 87 84 22 72 71 69 Nantes 47 15N/1 34W 121 17 22 26 86 83 80 21 70 69 67

43 42N/7 16E 39 31 34 37 87 85 83 15 73 72 72

Paris 48 49N/2 29E 164 16 22 25 89 86 83 21 70 68 67 48 35N/7 46E 465 9 11 16 86 83 80 20 70 69 67 FRENCH GUIANA Cayenne 4 56N/52 27W 20 69 71 72 92 91 90 17 83 83 82 GERMANY

Berlin 52 27N/13 18E 187 6 7 12 84 81 78 19 68 67 66 Hamburg 53 33N/9 58E 66 10 12 16 80 76 73 13 68 66 65 Hannover 52 24N/9 40E 561 7 16 20 82 78 75 17 68 67 65

49 34N/8 28E 359 2 8 11 87 85 82 18 71 69 68

48 09N/11 34E 1729 - 1 5 9 86 83 80 18 68 66 64 GHANA

5 33N/0 12W 88 65 68 69 91 90 89 13 80 79 79 GIBRALTAR 36 09N/5 22

W

11 38 42 45 92 89 86 14 76 75 74 GREECE Athens 37 58N/23 43E 351 29 33 36 96 93 91 18 72 71 71 40 37N/22 57E 78 23 28 32 95 93 91 20 77 76 75 GREENLAND

Narssarssuaq 61 llN/45 25W 85 -23 -12 - 8 66 63 61 20 56 54 52 GUATEMALA

Guatemala City 14 37N/90 31W 4855 45 48 51 83 82 81 24 69 68 67 GUYANA

6 50N/58 12W 6 70 72 73 89 88 87 11 80 79 79

HAITI Port au Prince 18 33N/72 20W 121 63 65 67 97 95 93 20 82 81 80 HONDURAS

14 06N/87 13W 3094 44 47 50 89 87 85 28 73 72 71 HONG KONG

22 18N7114 lOE 109 43 48 50 92 91 90 10 81 80 80 HUNGARY

47 31N719 02E 394 8 10 14 90 86 84 21 72 71 70 ICELAND 64 08N/21 56E 59 8 14 17 59 58 56 16 54 53 53

INDIA Ahmenabad 23 02N/72 35E 163 49 53 56 109 107 105 28 80 79 78 Bangalore 12 57N/77 37E 3021 53 56 58 96 94 93 26 75 74 74 Bombay: 18 54N/72 49E 37 62 65 67 96 94 92 13 82 81 81 22 32N/SS 20E 21 49 52 54 98 97 96 22 83 82

13 04N780 15E 51 61 64 66 104 102 101 19 84 83 83 Nagpur 21 09NV79 07E 1017 45 51 54 110 108 107 30 79 79 78 28 35N/77 12E 703 35 39 41 110 107 105 26 83 82 8" INDONESIA

6 llS/106 50E 26 69 71 72 90 89 88 14 80 79 78

TCiinn n cf 10 lOS/123 34E 148 63 66 68 94 93 92 20 81 80 80

5 OSS/119 28E 61 64 66 68 90 89 88 17 80 80 79 Medan 3 35N798 41

E

77 06 69 71 92 91 90 17 81 80 79 Palembang 3 008/104 4GE 20 67 70 71 92 91 90 17 80 79 79 Surabaya 7 13S/112 43E 10 64 66 68 91 90 89 18 SO 79 79

74 c
Climatic Conditions for Other Foreign Countries (Confinued)

^ Col. 1

Col. 2

Lalilude and

Longitude

Col. 3

£/evotion, Ft

Winter Summer

Mean

of Annual

Ex- tremeJ

Col. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Detign Dry-Bulb

Col. 6

Out- door

Daily Range

F deg

Col. 7

Design Wet-Bulb

1% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

IRAN 30 21N/48 16E 7 32 39 41 nit; llo 1 lo 110 32 82 81 81 36 17N/59 36E 3104 3 10 14 99 96 93 29 68 67 66 Tehran 35 4IN/0I 25E 4002 15 20 24 102 100 98 27 75 74 73 IRAQ

Baghdad 33 20NV44 24E 111 27 32 35 110 111 108 34 73 72 72 Mosul 36 19N/43 09E ' 730 23 29 32 1 14 112 110 40 73 72 72

IRELAND Dublin 53 22N/6 21W 155 19 24 27 74 72 /O 16 65 64 62 Shannon 52 41N78 55W 8 19 25 28 76 73 71 14 65 64 63

ISRAEL Jerusalem 31 47N/35 13E 2485 31 36 38 ao 94 no9^ 24 70 69 69 Tel Aviv 32 06N/34 47E 36 33 39 41 96 93 91 16 74 73 72

ITALY 45 27N/09 17E 341 12 18 22 89 87 84 20 76 75 74 Naples 40 53N714 18E 220 28 34 36 91 88 86 19 74 73 72

41 48N/12 36E 377 25 30 33 94 92 89 24 74 73 72 IVORY COAST

Abidjan 5 19N/4 OIW 65 64 67 69 91 90 88 15 83 82 81 JAPAN Fukuoka 33 35NV130 27E 22 26 29 31 92 90 89 20 82 80 79 43 04N7141 21E 56 — 7 1 5 86 83 80 20 76 74 72 Tokyo 35 41N/139 46E 19 21 26 '28 91 89 87 14 81 80 79 JORDAN

31 57N/35 57E 2548 29 33 36 97 94 92 25 70 69 68 KENYA

1 16S/36 48E 5971 45 48 50 81 80 78 24 66 65 65 KOREA

Pyongyang 39 02N/125 41E 186 — 10 — 2 3 89 87 85 21 77 76 76 37 34N7126 58E 285 - 1 7 9 91 89 87 16 81 79 78 LEBANON

33 54N/35 28E 111 40 42 45 93 91 90 15 78 77 76

LIBERIA 6 18N/10 48W 75 64 68 69 90 89 88 19 82 82 81

LIBYA 32 06N/20 04E 82 41 46 48 97 94 91 13 77 76 75 MADAGASCAR

Tananarive 18 55S/47 33E 4531 39 43 46 86 84 83 23 73 72 71 MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur 3 07N/101 42E 127 67 70 71 94 93 92 20 82 82 81 Penang 5 25N/100 19E 17 69 72 73 93 93 92 18 82 81 80

Singapore 1 18N/103 50E 33 69 71 72 92 91 90 14 82 81 80

AAARTINIQUE Fort de France 14 37N/61 05W 13 62 64 66 90 89 88 14 81 81 80 MEXICO

Guadalajara 20 41NV103 2nVV 5105 35 39 42 93 91 89 29 68 67 66

20 58N/89 38\V 72 56 59 61 97 95 94 21 80 79 77

19 24N/99 r2W 7575 33 37 39 83 0

1

01 79 25 61 OO 59 Monterrey 25 40N/100 18W 1732 31 38 41 98 95 93 20 79 78 77

19 12N/96 08W 184 55 60 62 91 89 88 12 83 83 82 MOROCCO

33 35N/7 39W 164 36 40 42 94 90 86 50 73 72 70 NEPAL

27 42N/85 12E 4388 30 33 35 89 87 86 25 78 77 76 NETHERLANDS Amsterdam 52 23N/4 55E 5 17 20 23 79 76 73 10 65 64 NEW GUINEA Manokwari 0 52S/134 nSE 62 70 71 • 72 89 88 87 12 82 81 81 Point Moresby 9 29S/147 09E 126 62 67 69 92 91 90 14 80 80 79 NEW ZEALAND Auckland 36 51S/174 46E 140 37 40 42 78 77 76 14 67 66 65

Christ Church 43 32S/172 37E 32 25 28 31 82 79 76 17 68 67 66 Wellington 41 17S/174 46E 394 32 35 37 76 74 72 14 66 65 64 NICARAGUA Managua 12 10N786 15W 135 62 65 67 94 93 92 21 81 SO 79 NIGERIA 6 27N/3 24E 10 67 70 71 92 91 90 12 82 82 81 NORWAY

60 24N/5 19E 141 14 17 20 75 74 73 21 67 66 65

Oslo 59 5GN/10 44E 308 - 2 0 4 79 77 74 17 67 66 64
Climatic Conditions for Other Foreign Countries {Continued)

Col. 1 Country and Station

'

' '

Cof. 2

Latitude and

Longitude

0 /

Col. 3

Elevation, Ft

Suntmar

Mean

of Annual

tremes

99% 97i%

Col. S

Design Dry-Bulb

Co/. 6 Oof- door

Daily Range

F deg

Co/. 7

Design Wel-Bulb

1% 2i% 5% 1% 5%

PAKISTAN 22 21N791 50E 87 48 52 54 93 91 89 20 82 81 81 24 48N766 59E 13 45 49 51 100 98 95 14 82 82 81 Lahore 31 35N/74 20E 702 32 35 37 109 107 105 27 83 82 81 Peshwar 34 OlN/71 35E 1164 31 35 37 109 106 103 29 81 80 79 PANAMA AND CANAL ZONE

8 58N/79 33W 21- 69 72 73 93 92 91 18 81 81 80 PARAGUAY

25 17S/57 30

W

456 35 43 46 100 98 96 24 81 81 80

PERU

12 05S/77 03

W

394 51 53 55 86 85 84 17 76 75 74

PHILIPPINES 14 35N/120 59E 47 69 73 74 94 92 91 20 82 81 81 POLAND Krakdw 50 04N/19 57E 723 - 2 2 6 84 81 78 19 68 67 66

52 13N721 02E 394 - 3 3 8 84 81 78 19 71 70 68 PORTUGAL

38 43N/9 08

W

313 32 37 39 89 86 S3 16 69 68 67 PUERTO RICO

18 29N766 07W 82 65 67 68 89 88 87 11 81 80 79 RUMANIA

44 25N/26 06E 269 - 2 3 8 93 91 89 26 72 71 70 SAUDI ARABIA 26 17N/50 09E 80 39 45 48 111 110 108 32 86 85 84

21 28N/39 lOE 20 52 57 60 lOG 103 100 22 85 84 83 24 39N746 42E 1938 29 37 40 110 108 106 32 78 77 76 SENEGAL

14 42N/17 29W 131 58 61 62 95 93 91 13 81 80 80 SOMALIA

2 02N/49 19E 39 67 69 70 91 90 89 12 82 82 81 SOUTH AFRICA 33 56S/18 29E 55 36 40 42 ' 93 90 86 20 72 71 70

26 llS/78 03E 5463 26 31 34 85 83 81 24 70 69 69

Pretoria 25 45S/28 14E 4491 27 32 35 'JL 87 85 23 70 69 68

SOVIET UNION

43 14N/76 53E 2543 -18 -10 - 6 , 88 86 83 21 69 68 67

64 33N740 32E -29 -23 -18 75 71 68 13 60 58 57 Kaliningrad 54 43N720 30

E

23 - 3 4- 1 6 83 80 77 17 67 66 65 Krasnoyarsk 56 OlN/92 57E 498 -41 -32 -27 84 80 76 12 64 62 60

50 27N730 30E 600 -12 - 5 + 1 ,87 84 81 22 69 68 67 50 00N736 14E 472 -19 -10 - 3 87 84 82 23 69 68 67

53 llN/50 06E 190 -23 -19 -13 89 85 81 20 69 67 66

59 56N730 16E 1 A -14 - 9 - 5 78 75 72 15 65 64 63

53 54N727 33E 738 -19 -11 - 4 80 77 74 16 67 66 65

55 46N737 40E 505 -19 -11 - 6 84 81 78 21 69 67 65 46 29N730 44E 214 - 1 4 8 87 84 82 14 70 69 68

52 53N/i58 42E 286 - 9 - 3 0 70 68 65 13 58 57 56

47 13N/39 43E 159 - 9 - 2 4 90 87 84 20 70 69 68

Sverdlovsk 56 49N760 38E 894 -34 -25 -20 80 76 72 16 63 62 60 Tashkent 41 20N/69 18E 1569 - 4 3 8 95 93 90 29 71 70 69

Tbilisi 41 43N744 48E 1325 12 18 22 87 85 83 18 68 67 66 Vladivostok 43 07N7131 55E 94 -15 -10 - 7 80 77 74 11 70 69 68 48 42N744 3 IE 136 -21 -13 - 7 93 89 86 19 71 70 69

SPAIN

41 24N/2 09E 312 31 33 36 88 86 84 13 75 74 73 40 2188 22 25 , 28 93 91 89 25 71 69 67

39 28N70 23\V 79 31 33 37 92 90 88 14 75 74 73 SUDAN

15 37N732 33E 1279 47 53 56 109 107 104 30 77 76 75 SURINAM

5 49N755 09W 12 66 68 70 93 92 90 18 82 82 81 SWEDEN

59 21N/18 04E 146 3 5 8 78 74 72 15 64 62 60 SWITZERLAND

47 23N/8 33E 1617 4 9 14 84 81 78 21 68 67 66

SYRIA 33 30N736 20E 2362 25 29 32 102 100 98 35 72 71 70 TAIWAN

22 57N/120 12E 70 40 46 49 92 91 90 14 84 83 82 25 02N/121 31E 30 41 44 47 94 92 90 16 83 82 81

76c
Table C2

Earth Temperature Tables

for

Underground Heat Distribution System Design

The following Tables TG-1 through TG-11 were developed by applying

monthly average temperatures prepared by the U. S. Weather Bureau for many

localities in the United States to a technique described in the 1965 ASHRAE

technical paper entitled "Earth Temperature and Thermal Diffusivity at Selected Stations in the United States" by T. Kusuda and P. R. Achenbach.

These temperature data are, however, for the undisturbed earth. The earth

temperature immediately under the building may be estimated by taking an

arithmetic average of the building temperature and the design earth temperature found in the appropriate table. For example, the floor on grade

in the Washington, D. C. area may be treated as a slab of 12" thickness

with ground temperature of 70.5 °F if the room temperature is 75 °F and

the summer design TG is determined from the data of Upper Marlboro, Maryland

for ALPHA = 0.025 which is 66 °F.

Table TG-1

DRY SOIL

AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURE IN DER. F» TG

THERMAL DlFFUSIVITY IN FT**2/HR ALPHA= .010

isTATION STATES WIN lER SPRING SUMMER Cut 1 FALL YEAR

AUdURN» ALABAMA 60 . 61

.

71

.

70

.

65.

DECATUk» ALABAMA 52. 5U. 65 . 65. 59.

PAi.N/lER AAc.S» ALASKA 31

.

31 . 42 . 41. 36.

TEMP£» ARIZONA 62. 64. 73. 74. 68.

TUCSONf ARIZONA 68. 69. 77 . 79. 73.

BRAvvLEY* CALIFORNIA "7 A 73. h3 . 84

.

77,

DAVIS* CAlIFORMIA 61 • 61

.

72 . 72 . 67.

FTt COi.LI.\lS» COLO. U5. 58. 56. 51

.

storrs» Conn. '+6. U5. 58. 58. 52.

GaInESVILLE» FLA. 65. 70

.

77 . 77. 73.

ATHENS* GrORGlA 59. 61

.

72 . 72 . 66 . MUbCUW f I JAnO 52 . 52 .

ll "7 Ho . H3 . r)9 . 52 . uroana* Illinois 61 . ^ rt 60 . 53 . WtaT LArAYEIltf IND It ^ ll "7 47 . 62 . 61 • 54 . A iL/i C" ^ T Lit . 4*+

.

ll c 45 . o2 . 60 . 52 . dUKLIINo I on » iOA A '+ ' •

ll Q ob . 65 . no • LlO .

It o o 1 • CuUNClL bLUrhS»IO*A ll "7 47 . 62 . 62 . 55 . SAKATOoA» lUwA II 1 40 .

f~ o59 . 57 . 49 . SrLi^jCLK* IOaA /I O 42 . 58. 57 . 50 . GAKncN CITY' kAnShS HO . 51

.

66 . 66

.

58 .

f./ij \i_iATTAi\. U'Ai a C I^IMi^iHAI lANr PvAlNjbAS 50 . OH • 56 . MOUi\)D wALLE T » KANSAS 54 . 68 . 68 . 60 . LLaINGTON* KEi^jTUCKt 51 . 52

.

65 . 64

.

58

.

UPPER MARLBORO* MO, '+8 • 49. 63 . 63

.

56

.

EAST LANSING* MICH. 45. 43. 57. 57

.

50 . FAIRMONT* MINNESOTA 4^2

.

43. 5ft . 57. 50 . r~ALJTrjAlll T uThlii. C^CrtlTA FARIBAULT* MINNESOTA 'I^U • 40 * 55 . bo • 47 , bl. rAUL* MiNNcSOTA •2 .

ll ri 40 . 57 . DO •ll Q49 . WAiECA* MINNESOTA •*1 • 46 . 59

.

54 a 50 . STATE UNIV.* MISS. oO

.

62. 73 . 73

.

67.

FAUCETT* MISSOURI /* *T 47. 61

.

61

.

54 . KANSAb LITY^ M0« '+8 • 49 . 62 . 61 . 55 . CTl^CrCTAM- (UlTCcAliiiT bilNtb 1 UN 9 MibSUUK 1 Od . C 1 1 54 . n f t bit 60 . SriCKARU* MISSOURI 50 •

It49. 60 . 62

.

55 . DU^.fc.MANr IWUN 1 ANA • 37. 50 .

It o 4o

.

II ^ 43 . HUNTLcT 9 MQN 1 ANA ii It «+•+

.

44 . 5ft . 5 / . 50 . LINCOLN* fjEBRASKA /I c M'5 . 45* 60 . 60

.

53

.

NEiiJ BRUNSWICK* N.J. 4ft . 60 . C It 54 . ilHACA* NEW YORK ll ll 43. C It 54 . 54 .

1 1 o49 . LULuMdUo* QnlQ ^ f •

ll "7 47 . 59 . ^ Ct 6U . 55 . COSHOCTON* OHIO «+6. 46. 58. 5fl. 52.

WUOSTER* OHIO ^+6. 46. 5fl. 58. 52.

BARnSDALL* OKLAHOMA 56. 57. 69. 69. 63.

LAKE HEFNER* OKLA. 56. 57. 70. 71. 64.

PA.-.hUSKA* OKLAHOMA 5t*. 55. 68. 60. 61.

OTTAWA* O.jTARIO ^^2. 39. 54. 52. 47.

COR^/ALLIS* 0REG0;j 50. 51. 61. 60 . 55.

HoOu RIVER* OREGON <46. 46. 57. 57. 52.

77c
A\/eRAGE £AkTH T£MPERATURE I.j DF_G, F» TS

Thermal diffusivity in ft**2/hr

Cod t mc MEOFOROf OREGON 51 • 52.

PEiMDLETONr OREGON 49.

STATE COLLEGE* PA. 45.

KINGSTOfMr R. I. 45. 43.

Calhoun » s.carolkma 56. 58.

MAL)ISON» S. DAKOTA UO . 40 . jACr<SON» TENNESSEE 5o» 55.

TEMPLE » TEXAS 64. 65.

ShLT lake CITYfOrAC 44. 45.

boKLliMbTO.M. VER'^.O.vlT 42. 40.

PuUL^iANf .. ASHll\GTOij 43. 46.

ScmTTLE» aASHINGTO

j

48. 50.

AFTON» WYOMING 43. 43.

ALPHA= .010

TEAR

61. 61 • 56.

61

.

60 . 54.

59. 58. 52.

55. 56. 50.

70 . 69. 63.

54 . 54. 47.

66. 64 . 59.

77. 77. 71.

56. 55. 50.

54. 53. 48.

55. 52. 50.

56. 56. 53.

53. 53. 48.

78c
Table TG-2

AVERAGE SOIL

AVERAGE EAhTH TEMPERATURE In DEG. F» TG

Thermal diffusivity in ft**2/hr alpha= .025

bTATlON STATES WINTER SPRING SUMMER Fall YEAR

AUtiijRiM» Alabama 57. 61 • 74. 70 . 65.

DECaTURf ALABAMA 49. 53. 69

.

66. 59.

PalMER AAt"S» ALASKA 29. 30 • 45. 41 . 36.

TEMPE» ARIZONA 58. 63. 77. 74. 68.

TUCSON» ARIZONA 65. 69. 80 . 80

.

73.

BKAwLEY* CALIFORNIA 66. 73. 87. 85. 77.

DAVISf CAuIFORMIA 57. 60 . 76. 73. 67.

FT. COLLI)\lSf COLO. '+0

.

44 . 62. 57. 51

.

ST0RHS» CONN. t|3. 44 . 62

.

59. 52 . GAlMtSV lLi_F » FLA- 61

.

71 • 79. 78. 73

.

ATHENS* GEORGIA 55. 60 . 75. 73. 66.

MOSCO«^» luAHO 10

.

42 . 55. 53. 47.

LEMoNTr Illinois '+2. 44 • 64

.

60

.

52.

urdana» Illinois U2. 47. 65. 61

.

53.

WEST LAFAYETTE* l»iD 47. 66. 62. 54.

Am£S» lOWA 39. 44. 67. 61

.

52.

BuRlINGTOU» IOWA '+2. 48. 71

.

66. 56.

CASTANA» IO.VA 36 • 41 • 66. 61

.

51.

COUNCIL BLUFFS* lOwA 42. 47. 67. 63. 55.

SARATOGA* IOWA 37. 39. 64. 58. 49.

SPEnCER* IOWA 37, 41

.

62. 58. 50

.

GARDEN CITY* KANSAS <I2. 51. 71. 67. 58.

MANHATTAN* KANSAS 49. 68. 65. 56.

MOUigD \/ALlEY»kANSAS '7. 54. 72. 69. 60

.

LEXINGTON* KENTUCKY ^+7. 51 . 69. 65. 58.

UPPER MARLRORO* Ml). 14. 49. 66. 64. 56.

EAST LANSING* MiCh. 41

.

41

.

61

.

58. 50 .- FAlRMONTr MINNESvJTA 38. 43. 63. 57. 50

.

FARIBAULT* MINNESOTA 36. 38. 59. 54. 47.

ST. PAUL* MINNESOTA 38. 3fl. 62. 57. 49.

WASECA* MINNESOTA 36. 47. 64

.

54

.

50

.

STATE UNI V . » MISS. 56. 62 . 76 . 74. 67.

FAUCETT* MISSOURI 43. 45. 65. 61

.

54.

KANSAS CITY* MO. 44. 48. 65. 62

.

55.

SIKESTON* MISSOURI 48. 54 • 72

.

68. 60

.

SPICKARu» MISSOURI 47. 48. 63. 64

.

55.

BOZEMAN* ivIONTANA 36. 36 • 53. 49. 43.

HUNTLEY* ,'10NTANA 40 . 43 . 63

.

57. 50

.

LINCOLN* (mFBRASKA 40

.

44 . NEW BRUNSVvICK* N.J. 44

.

47. 63

.

61 . 54

.

ithaca* new York 41

.

41 • 58. 54

.

49.

COLiJMBUS* OHIO 43. 46. 63. 61. 53.

CuSmOCTON* OHIO 42. 45. 61. 59. 52.

WOOSTER* UHIO 42. 45. 62. 59. 52.

BARnSDALL* OKLAHOMA 53. 56. 73. 70. 63.

LmKE HEFnlR* OKLA. 52. 56. 74. 72. 64.

PAWHUSKA» OKLAHOMA 50. 54. 72. 68. 61.

OTTAWA* Oi.TARIO 39. 37. 58. 52. 47.

CORVALLIS* OREGO.m 47. 50. 64. 60. 55.

HOOD RIVER* OREGON 43. 48. 59. 57. 52.

79c
Av/ERAGc EARTH TEMPERATURE I.M OEfi. F» TG

Thermal oiffusivity in ft**2/hr alpha= .025

STATION STATE*^ WINTER SPRING SUMMER FALL YEAR

M£l>FORD» OREGON 48. 52. 64. 61. 56.

PlNoLETON. OREGON 41. 49. 65. 61. 54.

STATE COLLEGE* PA. 42. 44. 63. 59. 52.

KIlMGSTONf R. I. 41. 41. 58. 57. 50.

CaLH0UN» S.CAROLT.viA 52. 57. 73. 70. 63.

MAOlSONr S. DAKOTA 36. 3A. 59. 55. 47.

JACKSONr TENNESSEE 50. 55. 69. 64. 59.

TEMPLE* TLXAS 61. 65. ai. 77. 71.

SALT LAKE CITY»UTmH 40. 45. 60. 56. 50.

bUKLIN6T0i>i» VERMOuT 39. 3A. 59. 54. 4ft.

PULLMANf WASHINGTON 40. 45. 58. 52. 50.

SEATTLE* ..ASHIN6T0.M 46. 50. 59. 56. 53.

AFTONf WYOMING 41

.

42. 56. 53. 48.

' .>

. .1

.3

80c
Table TG-3

WET SOIL

A\,'£RAGE EARTH TFMPERATURE IN DEG. F» TG

Thermal diffusivity IN FT**2/HR ALPHA= .050

bTATION STATES WINTER SPRING SUMMER FALL YEAR

AUbjRN* Alabama 5*+. 61. 76. 70. 65.

DECaTUR* ALABAMA 46. 53. 71. 65. 59.

PALMER AaES» ALAS^A 27. 30. 48. 41. 36.

TEi^iPE* ARIZONA 56. 64. 79. 74. 68.

ToCSONr AKlZOrvjA 62. 69. 82. 81. 73.

BKAWLEYr CALIFORNIA 63. 73. 90. 84. 77.

DAVlSr CAulFORMlA 55. 60. 78. 73. 67.

FT. COLLl.viS* COLO. 37. 45. 65. 56. 51.

ST0r<R5r CuUN. 40. 44. 65. 59. 52.

GAlfJESVlLi-c » FLA. 58. 72. ^1, 79. 73.

ATHENSf GEORGIA 52. 61. 78. 73. 66,

MOSCOW » luAHO 38. 42. 57. 53, 47,

Lti^ioiNiTf Illinois 39. 44. 67. 60, 52.

UKdANAf luLlrJOlS 39. 47. 68. 60, 53.

M/EbT LAFAYETTE* Ii«,.") 40. 47. 69. 62, 54,

AiviES» IOiiVm 35. 44. 70 . 61, 52.

BURLINGTO.j» lOif.A 38. 48. 74, 66. 56.

CASTANA> iOiA/A 32. 42. 70

.

61 . 51.

COUi-vjCIL HLuFFS»I.i*A 39. 47. 70. 63. 55.

SARATOGA* IOWA 33. 39. 68. 58. 49.

SPLNCERf iOifl/A 33. 42. 66. 58. 50.

GmKOEN CITY» KANSAS 38. 52. 74. 67. 58.

MaimHATTAiv<» KAIv/SAS 40. 49. 72. 65

.

56.

MOU. jfj \/ALi_EY» KANSAS 44. 55. 75. 69, 60.

LtiAlNGTON* KENTUCKY 44. 51 . 72. 65, 58.

UHPER MARlRORO* 41. 49. 69. 64, 56,

EAbT LANSlNGr MiCti. 39. 41 . 64. 57, 50,

Fairmont, Minnesota 35. 43. 67, 57. 50,

FARIBAULT, MINNESOTA 34. 38. 62. 54. 47,

ST. PAULr MINNESOTA 35. 38. 65. 57. 49,

WASeCA, MINNESOTA 31. 49. 67. 53, 50,

STATE UNI«/. r MISS. 53. 62. 78. 74, 67,

faucett» .v.issouri 41. 45. 68. 61, 54,

KAi^JSAS CITY» MO. 41. 48. 68. 61, 55,

SIKESTON, MISSOURI 45. 54. 75. 68, 60,

SPICKAkO, MISSOURI 44. 48. 65. 64. 55,

feuZEMAN» ,v,ONTANA 34. 35. 57. 48. 43.

HuNTLEY* .'.ONTANA 37. 43. 66. 57. 50.

LINCOLNr tjEBRASKm 36. 44. 68. 62. 53.

Nt-rt 8RUNSwICK» N.J. 41

.

47. 66. 62. 54.

ITHACA. NEa YORK 39. 41. 61. 54. 49.

CuLijMBUS, OHIO 40. 47. 65. 61

,

53.

CObH0CT0N» OHIO 40. 45. 64, 60, 52.

WOOSTERr OhIO 40. 45. 65. 59, 52.

BmR jSDALL, OKlAHO./IA 50. 56. 75, 70. 63.

LAKF HEFfsiERf OKLA. 49. 57. 77, 73, 64.

PArtHUSKA, OKLAHOMA 48. 54. 75, 68, 61.

OTT*,.^A» O.mTARIO 37. 37. 61, 51. 47.

COKvALLIS, OREGOiN. 45. 51. 67, 60, 55.

HOO , RIVEKt OREGOiNi 41. 49. 61. 57. 52.

81c
AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATUr^E 0E6. F» TS

THERMAL OlFFUSIVITY IN FT**2/HR ALPHA= .050

bTATIOiM STATES WINTER SPRING SUMMER FALL YEAR

MLl)FORD» OREGON 52. 66. 61. 56,

Pt.<j.)L£TON» OREGOAi 38. 50. 68. 60. 54.

STATE COLuEGE* PA. U4. 66. 59. 52.

Ki.'J;,STON» R. i. 39. Ul. 61. 57. 50.

CALHOUNf S.CAROLI.^iA 58. 76. 69. 63.

MADfSON* S. DAKOTA 33. 38. 62. 55. 47.

JaCkSON» rENfvlESSEt 48. 55. 72. 64. 59.

TEMPLE* TclXAS 58. 65. 84. 77. 71.

SALT LAKE CITYiUTaM 37. i*5. 62. 55. 50.

BOKLlNGT0i>l» VERMOijT 37. 38. 62. 54. 48.

PULLiViAI\i» wvASHINGTOfJ 37. 45. 60. 50. 50.

SEATTLE* -WASHINGTON 50. 60. 56. 53.

AFTOiNJ» WYOMING 39. 42. 59. 53. 48.

I
Table C3

Thermophysical Properties of Wall /Roof /Floor

Reprinted by permission from 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals (American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 345

East 47th Street, New York), p. 431.

Thermal Properties and Code Numbers of Layers Used in Calculations of

Coefficients for Wall and Roof Transfer Functions

Code Thickness and Thermal Properties^ Det^Hption Number

L K 0 SH

Outside surface resistance AO 0.333

1' stucco (asbestos cement or wood siding

plaster, etc.) Al 0.0833 0.4 116 0 20

4' face brick (dease concrete) A2 0.333 0.77 125 0 22

Steel siding (aluminum or other light-weight

cladding) A3 0.005 26.0 480 0 10

Outside surface resistance, 0.333

\' slag, membrane

and r felt A4 6.0417 0.83 55 0 40

0.0313 0.11 70 0 40

Outside surface resistance A5 0.333

Finish A8 0.0417 0.24 7R 0 26

Air space resistance Bl 0.91

1' insulation B2 0.083 0.025 9£i .un 0 2

2' insulation B3 0.167 0.025 0 2

3' insulation B4 0.25 0.025 0 2

1' iruulation B5 0.0833 0.025 '^ 7 0 2

2* insulation B6 0.167 0.025 ^ 7 0 2

1' wood B7 0.0833 0.07 0 6

2.5' wood B8 0 . 2083 0.07 o < . u 0 6

4' wood B9 0.333 0.07 o # . u 0 6

2' wood BIO 0.167 0.07 '^7 fl 0 6

3' wood Bll 0.25 0.07 0 6

3' insulation B12 0.25 0.025 7 0 2

4' clay tile Cl 0.333 0.33 70 n 0 2

4' l.w. c/>ncrete block C2 0.333 0^-22 OO . \J 0 2

4 h.w . concrete block C3 0.333 0.47 fil n 0 2

4' common brick C4 0.333 0.42 0 2

4* h.w. concrete C5 0.333 1.0 0 2

8 clay tile C6 0.667 Q_33l 70 0 2

8' l.w. concrete block C7 0.667 0.33, 0 2

» n.w. concrete block C8 0.667

-A o 0.6 0 2

8' common brick C9 0.667 0.42 0 2

8* h.w . concrete CIO 0.667 1 .0 0 2

12 . h.w. concrete Cll 1.0 1 .0 140 0 2

Of I. L Jr h.w. concrete C12 0.167 1.0 0 2

6' h.w. concrete 013 0.5 1 .0 140 0 2

4* l.w. concrete C14 0.333 0.1 40 0 2

6' l.w. concrete C15 0.5 0.1 40 0 2

S l.w. concrete C16 0.667 0.1 40 0 2

Inside surface resistance EO 0.685

I' plaster; J' gypsum or other similar finish- ing layer El 0.0625 0.42 100 0 2

1' slag or stone

1' felt & membrane

E2 0.0417 0.83 55 0 40 E3 0.0313 0.11 70 0 40

Ceiling air space E4 1.0

Acoustic TUe E5 0.0625 0.035 30 0 .20

• UoiU: L - feet. X - Btu per (hr) (iq ft) (F deg). £> - lb per cu ft. SH - Btu per (lb) (F deg). R - (hr) (tq ft) (F deg) per Btu.

83c
Table C4

Typical Watt/ft. of floor area data

~ Lighting Equipment

Apartment 1.7 1.2

Office 5.0 1.0

Department Stores 4.0 0.0

School . 5.0 0.0

84c
Table C5

Shading Coefficients

Reprinted by permission from the 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals (American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -Conditioning Engineers, 345 East

47th Street, New York), pp. 402-408.

Shading Coefficients for Single Glass and

insulating Glass''

A. Single Glass

Sha ding Coefficient Type of Glass Nominal

Thickness'' Solar Trans.'' ho == 4.0. ho = 3.0

Regular Sheet 0 87 1 00 1 .00 Regular Plate/ 4 0 80 0 Float i 0 75 0 91 0.93

i 0 71 0 88 0.91 Grey Sheet i 0 59 0 78 0.80

0 74 0 90 0.92

0 45 0 66 0.70 A 0 71 0 88 0.90

i 0 67 0 86 0.88

Heat-Absorbing 0 52 0 72 0.75

Plate/Float* i 0 47 0 70 0.74

1 0 33 0 56 0.61

i 0 24 0 50 0.57

6. Insulating Gfosj*

Type of Gloss

Nominal Solar Trans.'' Shading

Coefficient

Thick- ness" Outer Pane

Inner Pane

ho = 4.0ho = 3.0

Regular Sheet Out, \ Regular Sheet In j 0.87 0.87 0.90 0.90

Regular Plate/Float Out, \ Regular Plate/Float In • / 4 0.80 0.80 0.83 0.83 Heat^Abs Plate /Float Out,\

Regular Plate/Float In ;

1

< 0.46 0.80 0.56 0.58

• Refers to factory-fabricated units with A. }. or i in- air space or to prime windows plus storm windows.

'' Refer to manufacturer's literature for v.ilues.

' Thickness of each pane of glass, not thickness of assembled unit. ^ Refers to grey, bronze, and green tinted heat-absorbing plate/float glus.

85 c
Shading Coefficients for Single Glass with Indoor Shading by Venetian Blinds and Roller Shades

Typo of Glass Nominal

Thickness^ Solar

Trans.^

Type of Shading

Venetian Blinds

Roller Shade Opaque Translucent

Medium Light Doric White Light Regular Sheet Regular Plate/Float

XvCgUictl 1 a.\j\jxil 11 Heat^Absorbing Pattern Grey Sheet

Atoi

i to i

! to ^

i

0.87-0.801 0.80-0.71 0.87-0.79

0.74,0.71,

0.64 0.55 0.59 0.25 0.39

Xi.Cc* l/^xl.i.'o'Jl Uillg X Id, Lc / J; iKja \j Heat-Absorbing Pattern Grey Sheet

lit i A, i 0.46

0.59,0.45j

i 0.57 0.53 0.45 0.30 0.36

Heat-Absorbing Plate/Float

or Pattern Heat^Absorbing Plate/Float^ 8 0.44-0.30\

0.34 / 0.54 0.52 0.40 0.28 0.32

Heat-Absorbing Plate

or Pattern

0.29-0.15' 0.24 0.42 0.40 0.36 0.28 0.31

Reflective Coated

Glass

S.C.o = 0.30 0.40

0.50

0.60

0.25

0.33 0.42

0.50

0.23

0.29 0.38

0.44

• Refer to manufacturer's literature for values.

° For vertical blinds with opaque white and beige louvers in the tightly closed position, SC is 0.25 and 0,29 when used with glass of 0.71 to 0.80 transmittance.

' Shading Coefficient for glass with no shading device. ° Refers to grey, bronze, and green tinted heat-absorbing plate/float glass.

Shading Coefficients for Insulating Glass^ with Indoor Shading by Venetian Blinds and Roller Shades

Sofor Trans.^ Type of Shading

Type of Glass Nominal

Thickness, each light

Venetian Blinds" Roller Shade

Outer Inner Opaque Trons/ueenf Pane Pane Medium Light Dark White Light Regular Sheet Out ) Regular Sheet In j Regular Plate/Float Out 1 Regular Plate/Float In /

4

0.87

0.80

O.S7|

0.80J 0.57 0.51 0.60 0.25 0.37

Heat-Absorbing Plate /Fioat<* Out 1 Regular Plate/Float In / 1

4 0.46 0.80 0.39 0.36 0.40 0.22 0.30

Reflective Coated Glass SC' = 0.20 0.30

0.40

0.19

0.27

0.34

0.18

0.26

0.33

• Refers to factory-fabricated units with \, or } in. air space, or to prime windows plus storm windows.

" Refer to manufacturer's literature for exact values.

° For vertical blinds with opaque white or beige louvers, tightly closed, SC is approximately the same as for opaque white roller shades. "Refers to bronze or green tinted heat-absorbing plate/float glass. * Shading Coefficient for glass with no shading device.

86 c
Properties of Representative Indoor Shading

Solar Prop»ri'Mt [Normal Incidence] Indoor Shado

_

Trans. Keneci. Absorp.

Venetian Blinds* (Ratio of slat width to slat spacing 1.2, slat angle 45 deg)

Light Colored Slat 0.05 0.55 0.40 Medium Colored Slat 0.05 0.35 0.60

Vertical Blinds White Louvers 0.00 0.77 0.23

Roller Shades

Light Shades (Translucent) 0.25 0.60 0.15

White Shade (Opaque) 0.00 0.80 0.20 Dark Colored Shade (Opaque) 0.00 0.12 0.88

* Th« values ihown in this t&ble snd preceding tables are based on horiiontal Venetian blinds. However, tests show these values may be used for vertical blinds with good accuracy.

Shading Coefficients for Double Glazing with Between-Glass Shading

Nominal Solar Trani.^ Type of Shading

Typ« of Glau Thicknets, Description of Air Space Venotio n Blinds •ach Outer Pone

Inner Pone

Louvered pone

Light Medium Sun Screen

Regular Sheet Out "1 Regular Sheet In f Regular Plate Out ) Regular Plate In /

<

0.871

0.80j

0.87)

0.80]

Shade in contact with glass or shade

separated from glass by air space. Shade in contact with glass-voids

filled with plastic.

0.33 0.36 0.43

0.49

Heat-Abs. ] Plate/Float'' Out [ Regular Plate In j

4 0.46 0.80

Shade in contact with glass or shade

separated from glass by air space. Shade in contact with glass-voids

filled with plastic.

0.28 0.30 0.37

0.41

* Refer to mAnufacturer'a literature for exact values. ^ Refen to grey, broiue, and green tinted beat-absorbing plate/float glass.

87 c
Shading Coefficients for Single and Insulating Glass with Draperies

Glazing C/on

Trans. GfoMSC*

Shading Coefficient For lnd» X leffert in Fig. 10**

A B C D E F G H 1 J

Single Glas.' i in. Regular U . aU 0 95 0 35 0 40 0 45 0 50 0.55 0 60 0 65 0 70 1 o 0.80

} in. Regular 0.71 0 S8 0 35 0 39 0 43 0 48 0.52 0 56 0 Gl 0 66 0 70 0.74

j in. Heat Abs. 0.46 0 67 0 33 0 36 0 3S 0 41 0.44 0 46 0 49 0 52 0 54 0.57

1 in. Heat Abs. 0.34 0 57 0 32 0 34 0 36 0 38 0.41 0 43 0 45 0 47 0 49 0.51

J in. Heat Abs. 0.24 0 50 0 30 0 32 0 33 0 34 0.36 0 38 0 39 0 40 0 42 0.43

Reflective Coated — 0 60 0 33 0 36 0 38 0 41 0.43 0 46 0 49 0 51 o ± 0.57

(See Manufacturers' literature 0 50 0 31 0 33 0 34 0 36 0.3S 0 39 0 41 0 42 0 44 0.46

for exact values) — 0 40 0 26 0 27 0 2S 0 29 0.30 0 32 0 33 0 34 0 35 0.36

u ou AU

AUAu ^ I Au

99 0.23 u

Au

01-O A

u

9 1 u 0.25

Insulating Glass (J in. Air Space)

Regular Out and Regular In 0.64 0 S3 0 35 0 37 0 42 0 45 U . 0 52 0 56 0 58 0 62 0.66 Heat Abs. Out and Regular In 0.37 0 56 0 32 0 33 0 35 0 37 0.39 0 41 0 43 0 45 0 47 0.49

Reflective Coated 0 40 0 28 0 28 0 29 0 31 0.32 0 34 0 36 0 37 0 37 0.38

(see Manufacturers' literature 0 30 0 24 0 24 0 25 0 25 0.26 0 26 0 27 0 27 0 28 0.29

for exact values) 0 20 0 15 0 15 0 16 0 16 0.17 0 17 0 18 0 18 0 .19 0.19

* For glass alone, with no drapery.

** Shading coefficient values for the SC lines in Fig. 10 for representative glazings. Substitute for the SC index letters in Fig. 10 the values on the line of the

(lazing selected.

Shading Coefficients for Louvered

Sun Screens

Profile Angle, deg '

Group I Group 2

Trans- mittance SCTrons- mittonce SC

102030

40 and above

0.23 0.06

0.04

0.04

0.35

0.17 0.15

0.15

0.25 0.14

0.12

0.11

0.33

0.23

0.21 0.20

Profile Angle, deg

Group 3 Group 4

Trons- mittance SCTrons- mittance SC

102030

40 and above

0.40

0.32

0.21 0.07

0.51 0.42

0.31 0.18

0.48

0.39 0.28

0.20

0.59

0.50 0.38

0.30

Group 1. Black, width over spacing ratio 1.15/1, 23 louvers per inch. Group 2. Light color, high reflectance, otherwise same as Group 1. Group 3. Black or dark color, w/s ratio 0.85/1, 17 louvers per inch. Group 4. Light color or unpainted aluminum, high reflectance, otherwise fame as Group 3. tZ-value =0.85 Btuh/(sq ft)(F deg) for all groups when used with single

(lazing.

)

88c
^ICMT OIFFUSER

Fig. .... Terminology for Domed Skylights

Table 23 ... . Shading Coefficients for Domed Skylights

Lighf Curb (See Fig. ) Shading Dome D/ffoser

{Translucent) Height, in. Width to Height Ratio

Coefficient U-Value

Olear

r =0.86

yes

r = 0.58

0

9

18

CO 5

2.5

f\ r. 1 U . 0 i 0.58

0.50

U . 4d

0. 13 0.40

Clea?

T = 0.86 None

0

9

18

00 52.5

0.99

0.88 0.80

0.80

0.75

0.70

Translucent

T = 0.52 None

0

918

00 52.5

0.57

0.51 0.46

0.80

0.75

0.70

Translucent

T = 0.27 None

0

9

18

00 52.5

0.34 0.30

0.28

0.80

0.75

0.70

Shading Coefficients for Hollow Glass Block Wall Panels*

Type of Glass Block^ Description of Glass Block

V->-J

b'c c: .

Shading Coefficient'

Panels'* in the Son

Panels'' in the Shodt

(N, NW, W, SW|

Typel

Glass Colorless or Aqua

Smooth Face

A, D: Smooth

B, C: Smooth or wide ribs, or flutes horizontal or vertical, or shallow

configuration. E: None

0.65 0.40

Type lA Same as Type I except A: Ceramic Enamel on exterior face. 0.27 0.20

Type II Same as Type I except E: Glass fiber screen. 0.44 0.34

Type III

Glass Colorless or Aqua

A, D: Narrow vertical ribs or flutes. B, C: Horizontal light-diffusing prisms, or horizontal light-directing prisms. E: Glass fiber screen. ,

0.33 0.27

Type IIIA

Same as Type III except E: Glass fiber screen with green ceramic spray coating, or glass fiber screen and gray glass, or glass fiber screen with light-selecting prisms.

0.25 0.18

• For glass block used in horizontal skylights see Tables 28 and 29, Chapter 26 of the 1903 ASHR.\E Guide And D.\ta Book.

All values are for 7} X 7} X 3! in. block, set in light-colored mortar. For 11 J XII} X 3} in. block increase coefficients by 15 percent, and for 5! X *l ^

3i in. blocks reduce coefficients by 15 percent.

0 Shading coefficients are to be applied to Heat Gain Factors for one hour earlier than the time for which the load calculation is made to allow for heat »i</r»«» in the panel. ^ Shading coefficients are for peak load condition, but provide a cloae approximation for other conditions. For more precise values for other condition*, k« HW-

«rance 20. * For NE, E, and SE panels in the shade add 50 percent to the values listed for panels in the shade.

89c

Table C6

Absorptivity of Materials to Solar Radiation

Reprinted by permission from Thermal Radiation Properties Survey (Honeywell Research Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1966), pp. 245-248.
BUILDING MATERIALS, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY

Material Solar Absorptivity

BRICKS

Clay, cream, glazed 0. 36

Clay, Fleton, dark portion 0. 63

Clay, Felton, light portion 0. 40

Lime clay, French 0. 46

Gault, cream 0.36

Light buff 0. 516

Light buff but darker than above 0. 60

Mottled purple 0. 77

Red 0. 699

Red, common and tiles 0. 68

Red, darker, glazed 0.766

Red, wire- cut 0. 52

Stafford blue 0. 89

Stock, light fawn 0. 57

White glazed 0. 26

White glazed (2 specimens) 0. 25-0. 27

TILES

Clay, purple (dark) 0. 82

Clay, dark purple, machine-made 0. 81

Red 0.67 ' Red, hand-made 0.60

Red, light, Dutch 0.43

Red, light, machine- ade 0.66

Red, light, machine-made 0.62

Concrete, uncolored 0.65

Concrete, black 0. 91

Concrete, dark 0. 91

Concrete, brown 0.85

Concrete, brown, very rough 0. 88

(Continued on next page)

90c
BUILDING MATERIALS, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY (Continued)

Material Solar Absorptivity

ASPHALT

^New, 3 specimens

New, 3 specimens

New, another specimen

Pavement

Pavement, free from dust

Pavement, weathered, 3 specimens

0. 91

0.91

0. 93

0.852

0. 928

0. 82

0.83

0.89

ROOFING

Bituminous felt, aluminized ' Bituminous felt Bituminous felt Bitumin-covered, brown

Sheet, green

Sheet, black matte surface

Sheet, black matte surface

0.40

0.88

89

87

86

97

97

ASBESTOS CEMENT

Aged

Aged 6 months

Aged 12 months

Aged 6 years, very dirty

Red

Red

Washed with soap and water

White

White (2 samples)

0. 75

0.61

0. 71

0.83

0.69

0. 74

0. 40

0.61

,49-0.42

LIMESTONE

Anston

Bath

Clipsham

Indiana Ketton Portland

Steetley

0.60

0. 53

0. 46

0. 571

0.42

0. 36

0. 33

SAND-LIME

Light-red

Red

White, fine sand

White, coarse sand

0. 55

0.68

0.41

0. 50

MARBLE

White

Ground, unpolished

Cleavage

0.44

0. 465

0. 592

GRANITE

Reddish 0. 55

FELDSPAR

K2O AI2O3 6Si02

MORTAR SCREENED

0.606

0. 73

(Continued on next page)

91c
BUILDING MATERIALS, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY (Continued)

Material Solar Absorptivity

SANDSTONE

0. 76

0. 54

0.62

0. 73

0. 22

0.22

0. 26

0. 20

0.87

0.85

0. 933

0.88

0. 90

0. 90

0. 90

0.89

0.86

0. 79

BUILDING MATERIALS, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY

Building Materials Solar Absorptivity

Thickly tinned surface 0.05

Wood, smoothly planed 0. 78

Basalt 0.72

Red sandstone 0. 60

Marble (white) 0. 58

Granite 0.45

Dolomite lime 0.41

Clay shale 0.69

Paris plaster 0. 78 • White plastered wall 0. 92

Gravel 0.29

Sand .

^ 0.76

Glass 0. 93

Sawdust 0.75

Clay 0. 39

Red brick wall 0.93

92 c

Grey, Bristol pennant

Polmaise, light fawn

Stancliffe, light grey

Woolton, red

WHITEWASH

On galvanized iron

On galvanized iron

On galvanized iron

On galvanized iron, a very thick

layer

SLATE

Blue grey

Blue, grey

Clay, dark

Greenish, grey, rough

Grey, dark

Grey, dark, fairly rough

Grey, dark, fairly rough

Grey, dark, smooth

Purple

Silver-grey, Norwegian
CLOTH, SOLAR REFLECTiyitY

Material

Solar Reflectivity

QMl, cotton sheeting bleached, 4 oz per yd 0.62-0.66

QM2, cotton sateen prepared for dyeing, 9 oz per yd 0.68-0. 72

QM4, cotton sateen undyed, 9 oz per yd 0.69-0. 72

QM6, cotton sateen, medium gray, 9 oz per yd 0. 53

QM7, cotton sateen dark gray, 9 oz per yd 0.24

50 percent wool, 50 percent cotton knit, undyed, 10. 5 ozperyd 0.62

Cotton knit, undyed, 3 oz per yd 0.60

PARACHUTE CLOTH, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY, REFLECTIVITY, AND TRANSMISSIVITY

Material Absorptivity Reflectivity Transmissivity

Dacron, 100 lb 0. 05 0. 35 0. 60

Dacron, 300 lb 0. 11 0. 54 0.35

Dacron, 600 lb 0.12 0.61 0. 27

Dacron, 800 lb 0. 19 0.62 0. 19

Nylon rip- stop

(orange) 1. 1 oz per sq yd. 0. 13 0.23 0.64

MIL-C-7020B Type I Nylon rip- stop

1. 1 oz per sq yd (white) 0.08 0. 27 0.65

MIL-C-7020

Nylon rip- stop

1. 6 oz per sq yd (white) 0.06 0. 22 0. 72

MIL-C-7020B Type HI

Nylon cloth 2. 25 oz per sq yd.

MIL-C-7350B Type I 0. 05 0. 36 0. 59

Nylon cloth 4. 30 oz per sq yd.

MIL-C-8021 Type I 0. 08 0. 44 0. 48

Nylon cloth 7. 0 oz per sq yd,

MIL-C-8021 Type II 0. 13 0. 46 0.41

Nylon cloth 14. 0 oz per sq yd.

MIL-C-8021 Type m 0.11 0. 62 0. 27

93 c

NBSLD

SAMPLE INPUT/OUTPUT
2 CEILING TO COND, SPACE-3.16 mf-NO SHADE-25( SOLARGHAY

3 0*0f 09090*0t0»lf l»l«l*lf If l»l9ltlf OtOfOttif OtOtO

4 0«0f090«0*090*lfl«l*l*l*l»l*l»lfl909d96»0f0»6f0

5 0909090»090909l9l9l9l9l9l9l9l9l9l90969090909096

6 09090909090909090909090909090909090969090909096

7 O9O9O9O9O9O969O9O9O9U9O9O9O969O9O9O9O969O96969O

8 0*090 9090*0 >0909090t090t6969096»o*0t0»6f6*6f0f0

9 0*09090909090*690909090909096969090969090909690

10 0*090909090909090909090969696969690909696969696

11 090909690909690909090909696909690909696969696*6

12 809 80 9809 809 80 9 80 9 809 759 7S9 759 759 759 759 759 759 7S9 759 809b0 9B09B0 9»0980 9ttO 13 60960960960960960,609709709709709709709709709709709669669669669b69609b6

14 6O98O92O950

15 3I9O9IO

16 7921 9 201 9 97920967,20960 95090.1987942969 13.5960

17 ROOM WITH GLASS AREA FACING SOUTH

18 OvOfO

19 4

20 0.167,1.09140.090.290.0

21 0.33490. 02595.790.290.0

22 0.031390.11970.090.490.0

23 0.041790.83955. 090.490.

6

24 2-»« HW CONCRETE

25 4" INSULATION

26 3/8" FELT S, MEMBRANE

27 1/2* SLAG

28 4

29 0.005,26.09480.090.190.0

30 0*090909.91

31 0.16790. 013392. 590.3890*0

32 0.005926.09480.090*1*0.0

33 STEEL SIDING

34 AIR SPACE

35 INSULATION MODIFIED

36 STEEL SIDING

37 2

38 0*591.09140*090*290*0

39 0*3637*0*02595*790*290*0

40 6»» CONCRETE

41 4.43«* INSULATION

42 3

43 0*0416690*429100*090*290*0

44 09090,09*91

45 0*0416690. 429100. 090.290.0

46 1/2" GYPSUM BOARD

47 AIR SPACE

48 1/2" GYPSUM BOARD

49 2

50 0*591*09140*090*290*0

51 0*0*0*091.

52 6" CONCRETE

53 CEILING AIR SPACE

54 2

94 c
55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

-84

85

86

87

86

89

90

91

92

93

94

0*0*0*0*1.

0.5»1.09l40.0*0.2*0«0

CEILING AIR SPACE

6" CONCRETE

75»60*0»0*70f60

13.

10* 30 .38* 0*1.06* .67*0 >0

3. 16* 1.0*2.090.0»0.5* 0.0*30.0 » 0.25* 0.2590.0* 1.0

8,17

1*1

«13. 5*9.0

182. 25*0*0*0*. 85*0

0*0*0*0*0

0»090*0*090

91. 12*0*0*0*. 85*0

OfOfOfOvO

0*0*0*0*0*0

ROOM

90*1*1

ROOM

90*1*1

ROOM

90*1*1

0*090*0*0

0*0*0*0*0*0

121.599090909090

090909090

09O9O90909O

121.5918090909090

090909090

090«0*09090

121.59-9096909090

0909090*0

O9O9O909O9O

182.259090909090

0*0*0*0*0

0*0*0*0*0*0

0*0*0*0

0*690

WITH GLASS AREA FACING WEST

WITH GLASS AREA FACING NORTH

WITH GLASS AREA FACING EAST

CONGRATULATIONS! I NOW YOU ARE ON NBSLD

WE ASSUME YOU HAVE ALREADY PREPARED THE DATA

ON NBS DATA FORMS,. IF YOU HAVE NOT9 PLEASE TURN OFF

THE TERMINAL AND HAVE YOUR DATA READY ON ThE DATA FORMS

RUNlD»RUNTYP9ASHRAEtIDETAL9METH0D9lRFMTP

RUNIO IDENTIFICATION OF THE RUN

1 NEED RESPONSE FACTOR DATA

95c
2 SKIP RESPONSE FACTOR DATA

RUNTYP TYPE OF RUN

1 ENERGY CALCULATION ..NEEDS WEATHER TAPE

2 DESIGN LOAD CALCULATION

3 DESIGN AND ENERGY LOAD CALCULATIONS

ASHRAE 0 USE RMTMP

1 USE ASHRAE WEIGHTING FACTORS

IDETAL 0 NO DETAILED OUTPUT

1 DETAILED OUTPUT

METHOD 0 REGULAR TREATMENT FOR THE ROOM

1 SPECIAL TREATMENT OF THE' ROOM

IRFMTP OUTPUT TAPE UNIT NO. TO ROSS MERIWETHER

SYSTEM SIMULATION PROGRAM. IF NO TAPE IS

DESIRED* IRFMTP=0

CEILING TO COND. SPACE-3.16 W-NO S

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR WEEKDAYS

EQUIPMENT USAGE SCHEDULE FOR WEEKDAYS

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR WEEKDAYS

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR WEEKEND

EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE FOR WEEKENDS

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR WEEKEND

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

EQUIPMENT USAGE SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

THERMOSTAT SETTING FOR THE COOLING SEASON

THERMOSTAT SETTING FOR THE HEATING SEASON

RMOBWO»RMDBSO»RHW»RHS

DATA SHEET NO 1

NDAY NSK IP T APE2

DATA SHEET NO 2 S.3 : MONTH, DAY tELAPS* DdMAX .RANGE . WBMAX » DBMWT TGS» IGW tUGfLONGfLAT t T ilN.ZLI- .RMOW

DATA SHEET NO 4: NAME OF THE ROOM , "' DATA SHEET NO 5: IR0T» ISKIP, INCLUDE

DATA SHEET NO 6 N/L»K,P,C,R

DATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

IRF= . 1

WALL COMPOSITION

LAYER

NO

12

3

LU)

.167

.33^^ .031

.042

K(I>

1 .000

.025

.110

.830

(I)

140.00

5.70

70.00

55.00

C(I)

>200

.200

.400

><fOO

RES(I)

0.

0.

6.

0.

DESCRIPTION

OF LAYERS

2-" HW CONCREIt

4« INSULATION"'

3/a" Kelt & MtMbHANE

i/2" SLAG

TIME INCREMENT DT= 1.

THERMAL CONDUCTANCE ur= .072

96 c
RESPONSE FACTORS

J X Y z

0 4.6018 .0039 1.9307

1 -4.3324 .0375 -1.8332

2 -.1798 .0241 -.0213

3 -.0150 .0055 -.3034

-.0020 .0010 -.0006

5 -.0003 .0002 -.0001

6 -.0001 .0000 -.0000

7 -.0000 ,0000 -.0006

8 -.0000 .0000

COMMON RATIO CR= .17519

DATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

IRF= 2

WALL COMPOSITION

LAYER L(I) K(I) (I) C(I) RES(I) DESCRIPTION

NO " OF LAYtRS

1 ,005 26.000 480.00 .100 0. STEEL SIDING

2 0. 0. 0.' 0. .91 AIR SPACE

3 .167 .013 2.50 .380 0. INSULATION MODIFIED

4 .005 26.000 480.06 .100 0. STEEL SIDINb

TIME INCREMENT DT= 1.

THERMAL CONDUCTANCE UT= .074

RESPONSE FACTORS

J X Y Z

0 .3598 .0467 .3705

1 -.2851 .0271 -.29S8

2 -.0004 .0004 -.0004

3 -.6000 .0000 -.0060

4 -.0006 .0000 -.0000

97c
COMMON RATIO CR= .oiaae

DATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

IRF=

WALL COMPOSITION

LAYER

NO

L(I) K(I) (I) C(I) RES (I) DESCRIPTION

OF LAYtfiS

• 500

.36^

1.000

.025

140.00

5.?0

• 200

• 200

0.

0.

6'« CONCRETE

4. A3" Insulation

TIME increment DT= !•

THERMAL CONDUCTANCE UT= Qbb

RESPONSE FACTORS

J

0

12

3

4

5

6

X

5,9702

-3.5466

-•7415

-•4644

-•3376

-•2367

-.1661

Y

.0001

.0043

.0129

.0134

.0104

.0075

.0053

Z

.1906

-.1088

-.0111

-.0025

-.0007

-.0003

-.6602

COMMON RATIO CR= .70105

DATA SHEET NO 7t DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

IRF=

WALL COMPOSITION

LAYER L(I) K(I) (I) C(I) RES(I) DESCRIPTION

NO OF LAYERS

1 .042 .420 100.00 .200 0. 1/2" IjYPSUM BOARD

2 0. 0. 0. 0. ,91 AIR SPACE

3 .042 .420 100.00 .200 0. 1/2" (iYPSUM BOARD

98c
TIME INCREMENT DT= 1.

THERMAL CONDUCTANCE UT =

RESPONSE FACTORS

J

0

12

3

4

X l-6t>53

-.7631

0.

0.

0.

Y

.8321

.0701

0.

0.

0.

I

1.6653

-.7631

0.

Oe

0.

COMMON RATIO CR=0.

DATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

IRF=

WALL COMPOSITION

LAYER

NO

12

L(I) K(I) C(I) RES (I) DESCRIPTION

OF LAYLRS

.500 1.000 140.00 .200 0. 6«« CONCRETE

0* 0. 0. 1.00 CEILING AIK

TIME INCREMENT DT= 1.

THERMAL CONDUCTANCE UT = .66/

RESPONSE FACTORS

J X Y Z

0 5.9702 • 0308 .8739

1 -3.5394 .1876 -.0879

2 -.6987 • 1689 -.0459

3 -.4083 .1067 -.9281

4 -.2513 .0660 -.0173

5 -.1552 .0408 -.0107

6 -.0959 .0252 -.0066

99c
COMMON RATIO CR= ,61750

DATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

IRF=

WALL COMPOSITION

LAYER

NO

L(I) K(I) (I) C(I) RES (I) DESCRIPTION

OF LAYERS

I 0, 0. 0. 0. 1.00 CEILING AIR SPACE

t ,500 1,000 1^0,00 ,200 0. 6" CONCRETE

TIME INCREMENT 0T= 1,

THERMAL CONDUCTANCE UT = ,66 7

RESPONSE FACTORS

J

0

12

3

4

5

X

.8739

.0879

-.6459

-.0281

•.0173

-.0107

Y

.0308

.1876

.1689

.1067

.0660

• 0408

Z

5.9702

-3.5394

-.6987

-.4083

-.2513

-.1552

COMMON RATIO CR= .61731

CONDUCTION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR IRF= 1 J X Y z

1 4.60175 .00387 1.93073

2 -5.13862 .03679 -2.17146

3 .57926 .01753 .29987

4 .01645 .00125 .00035

5 .00065 •00005 •00000

6 .00002 .00000 -.00000

CONDUCTION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR IRF= 2

100c
J X Y Z CR

1 • 35979 t\ /t c ^

• 046 f

2

"3 "7 /I A Q . 0 1336

2 -.28990 .02647 -.30073

3 •00338 •00008 A n "2 Ck A

JCTION TRANSFER r UNCI lONb TOC— rUK lKr=

J X Y L CH

1 5.97021 _• A n n n 7 u u U U r . 70 ins

2 -7.73202 -.24238

3 1.74482 •00983 .06516

4 .03547 •00437 .00527

5 .001^6 •001^2 .00102

CONDUCTION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR IRF=

J X Y Z CH

1.66530

-.76308

1.66530

-.76308

CONDUCTION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR IRF=

J X Y Z CR

1 5.97024 .03084 .87386 .61750

2 -7.22605 .16854 -.62750

3 1.48689 .05307 .00839

4 .02317 .00242 .66024

5 .00030 .00010 .00001

ACTION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR IRF=

J X Y Z CR

1 .87386 .03084 5.97024 .61731

2 -.62732 .16855 - 7.22487

3 .00837 •05311 1.48619

•00023 •00245 .02303

DATA SHEET NO 8: ROOMNO»QLITY»QEQPY»QCU»FLCGtFRAS»TSf CFMSf ARCHGS»ARCHGW»AKCHGM»ZN0KM

DATA SHEET NO. 9: IW» ILt ISTART* ILEAVE

DATA SHEET NO lO: TUL»TLL»QCMAXf UHMAX.OdVMAXf DbVMiN

DATA SHEET NO 1 1 : ITHSTtlTK

DATA SHEET NO 12: NStNW»NN»NE»L» W»H

DATA SHEET 13 AND 14: ROOM SURFACE DATA AND EXTERIOR SURFACE SHADOW DATA

ROOMNO HT AG NOFLR OCU ARCHGS ARCHGW

1.0 9.0 182.3 1.0 2.0 .3 .3

101c
UAT LONG TZN ZNORM

42.0 87.0 6.0 1.0

QLITY

3.2

QEQPX

1.0 CFMV

30.0 OBIN

70.0

TG TV

0. DPIN50.0

NEXP

7 1 ITHST

1

DATA SHEET NO 15: UENOW.UCELNGf AENOH .ATCHT. AlRCHGtAIRNT DATA SHEET NO 16

t

lEXTSD tIEXMStlEXME .NTVNTt NVENT

UENOW UCELNG AENDW ATCHT

0. 0. 0. 0. SURFACE NO ITYPE IHT IRF ABSP U H A MAZ SHADE UT HI

1 6 6 0. .46 0. 182.25 0. 0. .67 .54

2 2 2 .85 .07 6.00 91.12 0. 6. .07 .54

3 3 10 0. 1.06 6.00 30.38 0. .67 10.fi9 .54 4 6 6. .S6 0. 121.50 90.00 0. .90 .54 S 6 6. .56 0. 121.50 180.60 0. .90 .54 6 6 6. .56 e. 121.50 -90.60 0. .90 .54 7 6 5 6. .46 0. 182.25 6."' 0. .67 .54

SHADOW CASTING DATA

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR 0 FPl

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 6. 0.

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 6.

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 6. 0. 0.

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

Al

0.

0.0.

0.0.

0.

0.

Bl

0.

0.0.0.

0.

0.

0.

CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

0. 0. 0. 0. 6.

0. 0. 0. 6. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 6. 0. 0.

0. 6. 0. 0. 0.

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

RADIATION INTERCHANGE FACTORS SURFACE

.255 .255 .255

.255

.255

2 .127

>12d

>111 .128

3 .043

.043

.037

.043

4 .170

.171

.171

0..171 .148

5 .170 .148 .148

.171

>..171

6 .170

.171

.171 .148

.171

7 .326 .25S

.255

.255

.255

.255

10

102c
7 .320 .127 .043 .170 .170 .170 0.

HEATING LOAD IN BTU PER HOUR SENSIBLE LOAD = 3917. LATENT LOAD = 317. TOTAL LOAD = <»234.

SOLAR DATA (QSUN/OGLASS)

1 0> 0> 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0* 0« 0* 0' 0.

0. 0. 0 2

0. 0. 0. 0. 9« 9« 0. 0.

0. 0. 0 0. 2. 13. 23. 4<». eo. 109. 12S. 133.

0. 0. 0 3

0. 0. 0. 0. 9* 9* 9* 9* 0.

0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

0. 0. 0 0. 1. 9. 15. zi. 37. 56. 69.

0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 s

0. 0. 0. ' d. 9> 9« 9* 9* 9*

0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0>

0. 0. 0

6 0. d. 0. 0. 9* 0. 9* 9> o>

0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

0. 0. 0 7

0. 0. 0. 0. 9' 9* 9* 9* 0*

0. 0. 0 . 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 9> 9. 9> 0.

0> o> o« 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0* 0. 0. 0. 9> 9* 0. 9* 0. 0. 0. 0. 9. 0. 9* 9* 25. 104. 73. 36. 21. 11. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

9* "9« U. 9> 0. 9> 9* 0. 0. 9* 9*

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 53. 19. 1«. a. 9* 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 9* 9* 9* 9* 9* 9* 9. 9* 0. 9* 9* 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

0. 0. §• 9* 0. 9* 0. 6. 0. 0. 0. 0.

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

9* 9« 0. 9* 0. 9. 9> 0. 0. 0. 6. 0.

0. 0. 0. 0. Q. 0. 0. 0. 0. Do 0. 0.

9* 9* 9. 0. 9* 6. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

ROOM NAME* ROOM NITH GLASS AREA FACING SOUTH

MONTH DAY MHR QLMAX CLDAY HLOAY DBA

7 21 14 -4483. -39486. 0. 85.7

•••«• YEAR « 2000 MONTH » 7 fVV 0*^ » 21

TIME DBOUT HBOUT OBIN RHIN QLS (ILL

1 79.6 60.9 77.6 36.1 0. 0. 2 78.6 60.5 ^7.4 36.3 0. 0. 3 77.8 60.2 77.3 36. S 0. 9.

103c
4 77.2 60.0 77.1 36.7 0. 0.

5 77.0 60.0 77.0 36.8 -0. u. 6 77.4 60.1 77.1 36.7 -6. 0.

7 78.4 60.4 77.3 36,5 -0. 0.

8 80.2 61.1 75.0 50.0 -2897. 2.

9. 82.8 62.0 75.0 50.0 -3224. 48.

lb : 85.8 63.0 75»0 50.6 -3611

.

48,

11 89.2 64.1 75.6 50.0 -3989. 48.

12 92.4 65.1 75.0 50.0 -4301. 48.

13 94.8 65.9 75»6 50.0 -4483. 48.

14 96.4 66.4 75,0 50.0 -4531. 48.

15 97.0 66«6 75.0 50.0 -4451

48.

16 V 96.4 66.4 75.0 50.0 -4294. 48,

17 95.0 65.9 7b.

0

50.0 -4141

.

48.

18 " 92.8 65,2 79,4 34.1 0. 0.

19 90.2 64.4 79. 1 34.4 -0. 0.

20 i 87.6 63.6 78.8 34.8 -0. 6.

21 85.4 62.8 78.5 35. 1 0. 0.

22 83.4 62.2 7a.2 35.4 -0. 0.

23 81.8 61,6 78.0 35.7 -0. 0.

24 80.6 61.2 77.8 35.9 -0. 0.

DBA = 85.74

QLDSUM = -39486.

TOTAL COOLING CONSUMPTION PEP DAY = -39486. BTU

TOTAL HEATING CONSUMPTION PER DAY = 0. BTU

TOTAL COOLING CONSUMPTION FOR THE ROOM OVER THE 1 DAY PERIOD =-.39486E*0b BTU

TOTAL HEATING CONSUMPTION FOR THE ROOM OVER THE 1 DAY PERIOD = .42152E-0J BTU

TOTAL COOLING CONSUMPTION FOR 1 ROOMS =-.39486E*05 BTU

TOTAL HEATING CONSUMPTION FOR 1 ROOMS = .42152E-03 BTU

DATA SHEET NO 4: NAME OF THE ROOM

STOP

L

2 CEILING TO COND. SPACE-3.16 W-NO SHADE-25( S0LAR6WAY

3 090f090*0»0*09l»l«l*lf l«l»i«l«l«l»0t0«090*0»0»Q

4 090»090»0»0«0«l»l9lf Ivltlflf l9l»l»0*0»090»0>6»6

5 09090*09090909 I9I9I9I9I* If I9l9l9l909d9090«09d9d

6 09090909090*09090909090909 09090909090909090*090

7 0*09090909090909090909090*0*096«0f0*096909090*6

8 0909090909090909090909090909690*090*690*090*0*0

9 09090909090909090 9090909096969690909690»0* 0*6*6

10 0*0*0909090909690*0*0*0»d*6*6*6*0*096»090969696

11 09090909090909090909090»6*6*6*6»0«0*6*6*0*090*0

12 80 » 80 * 80 * 80 » 80 * 80 * 80 9 75* ?5* 75* 75* 75 9 75* 75* ?5, 75* 75* 80* 80* 80* 80* 80* 80* 80

13 60 * 60 9 60* 60 9 60 9 60 9 60 9 70* 70* 70* 70* 70* 70* 70* 70*70 9 /O 9 509 60 966*66 9 60 966 9 60

14 6O98O92O95O

15 3I9O9O

16 79 21 9 20 1*97920 9 67, 20 9 60 9 50 90.1* 8794296* 13. 59 60

17 ROOM WITH GLASS AREA FACING SOUTH
18 0

60 1. 3.16f l.OfZ.OfO.OfO.Sf

61 3i>1» 8f 17

62 75«60*0>0*70*60

63 li 1 64 2i If If 1 65 13.5 f I3.5f9,0

66 6i 6f 182,25f OfOfOf .85t0

67 0<• Of Of Of Of Of

0

68 0i• Of Of Of Of Of Of 0

69 2i• 2f 91.12f OfOfUf .85f

0

70 0i• Of Of Of OfOf

0

71 0i• Of Of Of Of OtOf

0

72 3, 10 f 30.38«0f 1.06*«67*0*0

73 0i• Of 0 f 0 f 0 f O^f 0

74 0i• Of OfOfOfOfOfO

75 6i• ^f 121.5f 90f Of Of 0»0

76 0i• Of Of Of Of Of 0

77 Oi• Of Of Of Of Of Of 0

78 6i• 4f l2l.5f 180f Of Of U«0

79 Oi• Of OfOfOfOfO

80 Oi• Of Of Of Of Of Of 0

81 6i• 4f 12l.5f-90f0f0f Of 0

82 0^• Of Of Of Of Of 0

83 Oi• Of Of Of Of Of Of 0

84 6i• 5f 182.25f Of Of Of Of 0

85 0!• Of OfOfOfOfO

86 Oi»0f Of Of Of Of Of 0

87 Oi>0f Of Of Of 0

88 Oi• Of Of 6f 0

CONGRATULATIONS!! NOW YOU ARE ON NBSLD

WE ASSUME YOU HAVE ALREADY PREPARED THE DATA

ON NBS DATA FORMS.. IF YOU HAVE NOT* PLEASE TURN OFF

THE TERMINAL AND HAVE YOUR DATA READY ON THE DATA FORMS

RUNlDtRUNTYPf ASHRAEf IDETALf METHODf IRFMTP

RUNID IDENTIFICATION OF THE RUN

1 NEED RESPONSE FACTOR DATA

2 SKIP RESPONSE FACTOR DATA

RUNTYP TYPE OF RUN

1 ENERGY CALCULATION ..NEEDS WEATHER TAPE

2 DESIGN LOAD CALCULATION

3 DESIGN AND ENERGY LOAD CALCULATIONS

ASHRAE 0 USE RMTMP

1 USE ASHRAE WEIGHTING FACTORS

IOETAL 0 NO DETAILED OUTPUT

1 DETAILED OUTPUT

METHOD 0 REGULAR TREATMENT FOR THE ROOM

105c
1 SPECIAL TREATMENT OF THE ROOM

IRFMTP OUTPUT TAPE UNIT NO. TO ROSS MERIWETHER

SYSTEM SIMULATION PROGRAM, IF NO TAPE IS •

, DESIRED* IRFMTP=0

CEILING TO COND. SPACE-3.16 W-NO S

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR WEEKDAYS

EQUIPMENT USAGE SCHEDULE FOR WEEKDAYS

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR WEEKDAYS

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR WEEKEND

EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE FOR WEEKENDS

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR WEEKEND

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

EQUIPMENT USAGE SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

OCCUPANCY SCHEOUl E FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

THERMOSTAT SETTING FOR THE COOLING SEASON

THERMOSTAT SETTING FOR THE HEATING SEASON

RMDBWO»RMDBSO»RHly»RHS

DATA SHEET NO ] tMDAY^NSK IP, T APE^

DATA SHEET NO 2 : MONTH* DAY f ELAPS* UBMAX»RANGE» WBMAX tOBMWT tTGS* TbW »UG»LONGfLAT » TZN» ZL^ » RHOW

DATA SHEET NO 4: NAME OF THE ROOM

DATA SHEET NO 5 : IROT . I SK IP , I NCLUOE

DATA SHEET NO 8: ROOMNO » QL I T Y tQEOPY tUCU FLCG»FRAb» TS » CFMSt AHCHGS » AHCHGWf AKCHGMtZNORM

DATA SHEET NO. 9: I W IL» ISTART ILEAVE

DATA SHEET NO 10: TUL»TLLf QCMAX,QHMAX»OaVMAX»OBVMIN

DATA SHEET NO 11 : ITHST»ITK

DATA SHEET NO 1?: MS»NW,NN»NE»L»W,H

DATA SHEET 13 AND 14: ROOM SURFACE DATA AND EXTERIOR SURFACE SHADOW DATA

DATA SHEET NO 15: UENDW,UCELNG»AENUWtATCHT*AlRCHG, AIRNI

DATA SHEET NO I'S: lEXTSD* lEXMS* IEXME»NTVNT.NVENT

ROOM NAME= ROOM WITH GLASS AREA FACING SOUTH

MONTH DAY MHR QLMAX CLDAY HLDAY DBA

1 13 0. -0. 0. 33.4

2 8 2558. -0. 13858. 24.0

3 2625. -0. 10834. 28.8

4 15 -1074. -4118. 3971. 41.8

5 6 0. -0. 0. 36.1

6 20 6. -0. 0. 31.3

7 8 2023. -0. 10091. 35.5

8 8 1723. -0. 9349. 35,5

9 8 1372. -0. 4460. 36.7

10 1? -256. -316. 4195. 37,6

11 8 2710. -0. 16146. 28.5

12 16 0. -0. 0. 32.6

13 15 6. -0. 0. 37,5

14 8 2667. -0. 13764. 24.4

15 9 345S». -0. 24939. 17.4

106c
16 9 3366,

17 10 3425.

18 a 2763.

19 12 0.

20 15 0.

21 B 1784.

22 15 -957,

23 10 -1143.

24 8 2975.

25 fl 2195.

26 12 0.

27 8 0.

28 8 1516.

29 8 1434.

30 8 1682.

31 8 1548.

-0. 16866. 22.8

-0 • 269j1 . 13.8

—0 .

11 f3d3. 1 u o _ ft — u

.

0. C3. 0

-0. 0. 32.5

-461 • 4521

.

40.3

625. 4o« 6

-6187. 698. 49. 1 -0. 16 iTt^* 25.4

_ft —0 . icobi

.

^ ft ft JO • 0

—0 . n

U .

"a o c —U * nu . A.n HU a. O —U . 7 in 1

r JU i . '17 5 J r . c -0. 5529. 38.5

-o« 38. 0

-0. 7599. 35.2

TOTAL COOLING CONSUMPTION FOR 1 ROOMS =-.16941E*05 BTU

TOTAL HEATING CONSUMPTION FOR 1 ROOMS = .23717E+06 BTU

DATA SHEET NO 4 J NAME OF THE ROOM

STOP

107c

10. Appendix D

Fortran Listing of NBSLD

Although the attached Fortran listing of the NBSLD routine basically

embodies the algorithms of Appendix A, some of the subroutines are considerably simplified if compared with the exact adaptation of Appendix

A.

It is cautioned also that the Fortran used herein is the INFONET

version of Fortran V, which is somewhat different from the ANSI standard

Fortran.

ABCD?-PNC PAGE 1

1 SIJRPOUTINE ABCO? ( Z » K , L G t A * R » C » D » NL ) 2 nIMF^iSTON AX ( ] 0) friX ( 1 0) fCX ( 10) •DX ( 10 ) »G ( 10)

3 PEAL K (10) »L ( IC)

4 PI=4.*»ATAN ( 1 . ) 5 PP=PI*>0.5

6 DO SO 1=1 NL

7 IF (G(I)) 40»40*10

ft 10 IF (7) 30*30*20

9 20 ZQ=SORT (Z/G( I)

)

10 Z0L=70^L(I)

11 CO = ^,TN(ZQL)

12 " C1=C0S(ZQL)

13 S1=C0/ZQL

14 52= (Sl-Cl ) //QL/ZQL

15 AX(T)=Cl

16 BX ( T

) =L ( I ) /K ( I

) »51

17 CX ( T ) =-ZOL*K ( I ) /L ( I ) <*C0

18 0X(T)=C1

19 GO TO SO

20 30 AX(T)=1.

21 CX{T)=0.

22 DX{T)=1.

23 RX(T)=l-(I)/K(I)

24 GO TO SO

25 40 AX(T)=1.

26 RX(T)=1/K(I)

27 CX(T)=0.

2fl nX(T)=l.

29 50 CONTTNUE

30 A=AX(r)

31 H=RX(1)

32 C=CX(1)

33 D=nx(l)

34 IF (NL.LT.2) GO TO 60

35 CALI MULT ( AX , BX » CX » OX » A » R C « D NL

)

36 60 RETURN

37 ENO

ABC02-PNC PAGE 1
ABC0P2-PNC PAGE 1

. , SURPOUTINE ABCDP2 ( Z K , L G « AP « HP , CP , UP

)

- ^ REAL K,L

3 , PI=4.»aTAN ( I ,

)

4 IF (G) 30»30» 10

5 10 PP=Pl/4./G

: 6 IF (7) 40 40 « 20

7 , ?0 ZQ=90RT (7/G)

8 Z0L = 70*^L

9 X=L«L<»O.S/G

10 RES=L/K

11 ^ CO=STN(ZQL)

12 . CI =r0S (ZQL)

13 S1=C0/70L

14 S2= fSl-Cl ) /ZQL/ZOL

15 AP=X»S1

16 HP=X»RFS»S2

17 CP = X<^ (Sl+Cl ) /RES

IB DP=x«Sl

19 GO TO SO

20 30 AP = r>, 21 RP=n. . . . - 22 CP=0.

23 - DP=o.

24 ^ GO TO SO

25 40 CONTINUE

26 )( = L«L<*O.S/G

27 AP=y

20 RP=y«L/K/3

29 CP=K/L*X»2.

30 , DP=X

31 GO TO SO

32 50 RETURN

33 ENO

A8CDP2-PNC . PAGE 1

2d
ADJUST-PNC PAGE 1

1 SDBROUTINF AD JUST ( QL . OLA TN T , MONTH « NK , J J

)

2 IF (MONTH. GF. 6. ANO. MONTH. I.E. Q) GO TO 1 3 IF(OL) 2.?«4

A ?. IF(JJ.GT.l) GO TO S

5 IF(NK.LT.fl.OW.NK.GT. 17) GO TO S

6 4 RETURN

7 1 IF(QL) f^,S.5

8 ^ IF ( J J.GT. 1 ) GO rO 5

9 IF(NK.LT.«.OR.NK.GT. 17) GO TO 5

10 RETURN

11 5 QL=0.

12 OLATNT=0.

13 RETURN

14 END -

ADJUST-PNC PAGE 1

3d
ATTIC-PNC PAGE 1

1 SIJHPOIITINE ^J^lC (X,Y,Z»CS.NW,UX,FO,l)b.(JSUN«OSKY,TOS»TI,TNIiW,TA,TIM»Q*

2 RFO»0WFI.0n,OI,UEN0W,llCeLNr,,AE;\IIJW,aK00F,/^rCHr,ATCALG)

'3 • , * THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES HEAT INPUT To TrtE kuOi-l hELOW ThE

4 ! % 4TTTC CEILIMG. IT ALSO CALCULATES aiTIC TEmpEh'AIUWE

"5 % X,Y,7 RESPONSE FACTORS FOR ROOF... INSIUE SURFACE THERMAL

6^ * RESISTANCE IS INCLUDED

7 * CP COMMON RATIO OF THE ROOF RESROwbE FACTORS

' 7.1 % NR NUMHER OF SIGNIFICANT RESPO'JSE FACTORS lO HE USEO

fl % IIX ROOF OVER ALL HEAT CONOUC FANCt EXCLUulNb VHL EXTERIOR SURFACE

9 % THED^'AL RESISTANCE

10 * FO ROOF EXTERIOR SURFACE THERMAL TRANSFtW COEFI-ICIENI

11 % OH OUTDOOR ORY-HULrt TEmRERATUKE

12 % ' OSUM SOLAR RADIATION OVER THE WOOF

13 '

, '{ % QSKY RADIATION TO THE SKY

14 ' . * T05 POOF SURACF TEMPERATURE HISTORY

15 * TI ATTIC TEMPEh'aTURE HISTORY

16 % TONFW NEW OUTSIDE SURFACE TEMPERAIUKt

17 * TINE'-' NEW ATIIC TEi-IPERAl URK

18' % . ORFA HEAT CONDUCTED INTO THE ROOF SURFACE

19 % QRFT HEflT CONDUCTED INTO THE ATTIC FwOM THE kouF

- 20. % 00. OI HEAI CONDUCTEiO INTO THE ROOM HELUiiJ THE ATTIC

21 * UENHW OVERttLL HEAT TRANSFER COFFFICIENr OF THE tNO WALL

22 % UCEI MG OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIEnI UF IhE CElLlNb

23 , ; » HET'-iEEN THE ATTIC AIR ANt) '^OOM AIR ^ELOW

24 ' ' % AFNPW AREA OF THE ATTIC END WALLS

25 * APOOF TOTAL AREA OF THE CEILI'n/G

26 * ATCHT ATTIC HEIGHT

27 * ATCACG ATTIC AIR CHANGE PER H(_)UR 28. * ALL UMITS IN ENGLISH UNIT ALL LENGlH In FT •29. DIMFNSION TOS ( 1 ) » TI ( ) ) , X ( 1) . Y ( I ) .Z ( 1 ) 1 TOY (SO)

30 CFM=ATCHT<*AR00F<*ATCACG/6().

31 i^B = nR-TlM

32 TAM-TA-TIM

33 XNUM = QSUN-USKY + FU<»H(:)

34,. YMU'-i=UENDW<*HH<-' At NUW* 1 . nH-^CFM^HH + UcELNG** T AM-> AkuoF

35 YDE^'=UENDW*>aENDW+UCELMG^AKOOF + 1 . Oy^CEM

36 IF (N'R.GT . 1 ) GO 10 ^'O 37 in TAM-TIO)

3H " TONrw= ( XNUM + UXo I AM) / (MX+FO)

39 QRFOrLIX'S ( TAM-TONEW ) 40 QQET=ORFO

'41 T INF'«'= ( YNUM + UX<>AROOF<*T(JMEW ) / ( YDEN + UX-*ARO0F ) 42 TnS(l)=T0NEw

43 Q0=UCEI NG<>(TAM-TINEW)

44 01=00

45 TI(1)=TINEW

46 RETURN

47 20 00 TO J=?»NR

48 30 TOY (J) =TI ( J-1

)

49 DO ,J = ^,NR

ATTIC-PNC PAGE 1

4d
ATTIC-PNC PAGF ?

50 40 TI(l)=TnY(J)

51 StJMX=0.

52 5(iM7 = 0.

53 SUMY = Y ( 1

) «TI ( 1

)

54 SliMXY = Q.

55 00 SO J = ,?»i^K

56 StJ'>^Y=S(JMY*Y ( J) <>TI ( J)

57 SI.IMX=SHMX + X ( J) ^TI (J)

58 SUMVY = SUMXY + Y ( J) ^i-TOS ( J) 59 SO SUM7 = SUMZ*Z ( J) <>TOS ( J)

60 XNUM = XNUM*SiJMY-SUMZ + CRi*(Jl^FO

61 TONi^W = XNUM/ (Z ( 1 ) FD)

e?. - TOS n ) =TONE <J 63 SIJM7 = SIIMZ*Z n ) *TOS ( 1

)

64 SilMyY = Sl)MXY + Y ( 1 ) **T()S ( 1 ) 65 QRFOzrSUMY-SDMZ + C'^^^QRFO

66 QPFT=SnMX-SilMXY + CK<*QRF I 67 SUMx=0.

6fl SUMY=Y ( 1 ) <>TOS ( 1)

69 DO ..l = ?,iM'^

70 SlJMX=Si IMX*X ( J) I ( )) 71 60 5UMY=SUMY + Y ( J) -^TOS ( J)

72 YMI.lM = YMUM-ARUOF^ ( Si iM x-SUMY + CK^-iJRF I ) 73 YDEfi = APOnF**K ( 1 ) *YOFN

74 T INrw = YNlJN«/YIJEM

75 SUMx=SMMX + T INFW<*X ( I ) 76 ORFT=SUMX-SiJMY*CR*(jKFT

77 QO=liCFLNG* ( TAM-TINFW)

78 01=00

79 TI(1)=TINE'»/

80 RETi IRN 81 ENO

ATTIC-PNC PAGE ^

5d
PAGE 1 FUNCTION CCF ( I S » CA « TOC * TC A . P , Q , k , CC

)

DIMFNSION CA (4, 3) tTOC (4, 3)

OIMFNSION PP( A) /I ,06,0.96, 0.95, 1. 14/

niMrNSrON 00(4) /. 01 2, .033, ,030, ,003/

DIMFNSION RR (4) /- . 0 0 84 , - . 0 1 0 6 , - . 0 1 0 8 , - . 0 0 82/

% is: season index (]=SPRING, 2=SUMMtH, 3=AUTUMN1, ^=WINTEW)

% CA(T,J): AMOUNT OF I-TH TYPE CLODO AT J-Th LAYEH: * TOC(I»J): I-TYPE CLOUD AT J-TH LAYER

* TCA: total cloud AMOUNT

% CC: cloud COVER

% CCF: CLOUD COVER FACTOR

% P,0,R: TABLE A-6, PAGE 16A, NBSLD REF. MANUAL

X^O

DO 1 1=1,4

DO 1 J=l,3

1 X=X+CA(I,J)

CC=TCA-0,5*X

P=PP(IS)

0=00(15)

R=RP(IS)

CCF = P + (J<»CC + R»CC»<*2

RETURN

END

PAGE 1

6d
CCM-PNC PAGE 1

1 FUNCTION CCM (SALT *N TYPE* TO

2 REAI CCl ( 10) /.6ni .60* .Sb» .SH* .57* .44* . Jh>» .27/

3 t?EA| CC? ( 10) /. 88* .88* .88* .87* .H5» .H3* . /y* . n» .(SI * .4b/

4 RE&I CC3( 10) /.8'!f* .83* .83* .82* .80* . ^9* , /^* .67* .(SO* .49/

5 WEAI CC4 ( 10) / 1 . * I . * 1 . * 1 . . .99. .98* .9S* .90* .H4* . 74/

6 ITr=TC

6.1 IFdTC.NE.O) GO TO S

6.? CCM=1.

6.3 GO TO SO

6.4 5 CONTINIIF

7 IF (SALT-4S. ) 30*30* 10 a 10 -IF (NTYPE.FiJ.C) GO TO ?0

9 CCM = CC2 ( I TO

10 GO TO SO

11 ?0 CCMrCC4(lTC)

12 GO TO SO

13 30 IF (MTYPE.EO.O) GO TO 40

14 CCMtrCCl ( ITC)

15 GO TO SO

16 40 CCM-CC3(ITC)

17 "=^0 t^FTilRN

18 END

CCM-PNC PAGE y

7d
DRRH-PNC PAGE 1

• I

" SUBROUTINF DRRH ( DH » RH W

)

2 PVS=P\/SF (HR)

3 PV=RH»PVS/1 00.

A W = 0.6?;?<»P\// (?9.9?-PV) .5 RETURN

FMD

DRRH-PNC PAGE 1

8d
DECOnF-PNC PAGE 1

1 SOHPOUT INE OECODE ( WPOSX » WLONGX NUM , TPUl *MM

FL? THIS SOHROUTINE PRODUCES HOURLY DATA OF UP

TJ PAPAmFTEPS FOP A GIVEN YhAP»MO AND uaTE

AH TAPE DOSOTIUINJ FOP EACH OF TFM PAt-?AMLrfcKb AKt

<X DftRAMFTFPS /J n ' \ ' t c 1 L- " J uiPrmK ~ ^ ^ ^ vJI IV i_ n:\lfiX V/ t'l w ^ n

7 wTNf) DIRECT ION 1 1 ?

o nPY-HUL^ TEMP 16 3 Q ''FT-RULH TEMP 14 3

I u nrw-POlNI TEMP ^? 3

1 1

1 1 9n RAPOMETHTC PRESS 34 4

1 r

0V( TOTAL CLOUD AMOUNT 43 1

I J

a. OPAOUE CLOUD COVtP 44 I

1 L. PRFCIPITATI0M(LI(JUID) f>H ?

1 c

J ~ PPFCIPTTATION(FP/:) 70 3

1 o TAPE POSITION ON TAPE

1 7 -P •^OLAP DATA 14 4

J "

0 EVATION A^IGLE IH ?

1 Q TOTAL CLOUD 4? 1 C () 1ST LAYER TYPE OF CLOUD 46 1

r. 1 YP YEAR

PP n in MONTH

c J nAY DAY

P4. INTFGEP INPUT ( 1 100) » IPS (?4) , ICHAP (^000) . VPUS

C J \rP»l)AY«WOP0.\^P0S \ (10) WLONGX (10)

r\?7f I AS'^ = 1 nonooo

00 1(1 1 = 1.4

CALL VDhJFiv ( I\PiiT)

.5 1 DO 10 JJ=1.49H

TP KK=/.Q8<^ ( I-l ) JJ

10 ICH-iP (KK) =If!PUT ( JJ)

DO ?0 1=1. IS

-jc IW=TCHmP ( I ) oO CALL wDXd'V)

-J 7 ?0 ICH-'P ( I ) = lw

-3 " YR=tcHAR ( I'j) 0 + lCHAR ( 1 1 ) + 1 4()(j 1

Q

MO=tCHAR ( 1 ?) «iO* ICnAtV (13)

\j DAY=ICHAw ( 14) 1 0 + ICHAP ( IS)

Ll 1 L0CAL=ICHAP (9)

4.P IPI»'P=1 no n 1=1 »4

I1.L. 1pw'7=ipwR<*1;)

*+ J 18 L0CAL = L0CAL+ I CHAR ( 9- I ) I PWR

DO 40? KU=i.NUM

*+ r WPOSttWPOSX (KU)

4fl WL0MG=WLONGX (KU)

49 50? no P 1=1 ,b

50 IPSfI)=1S*WP0S + ^^0*(i-l)

51 no p .j=i.3

5? II = TfJ<*6

TO 10 WEATHER

-JG,DtJTPuT (?4, 10)

OECODE-PNC PAGE 1

9d
DECODE-PNC PAGE P

?. IPS ( T I ) =IPS ( I ) J<*A98

00 -K I = 1,2A

KI=TPS(I)

KL=KT*WLONG- 1 00 401 L?=KIfKL

IW=TCHAR (L?)

CALL WDX(IW)

401 ICHftR(L2)=IW

L0NG=:WL0NG-1

IF (ICHAR (KI) .EO. lASS. ANU.WLONG.GT. 1 ) LONG= WLONG-^

WORn=ABS ( ICHAR (KL)

)

IF (I.ONG.EO.O) GO TO 1 IPWP=1

00 ^ JK=1»L0NG

IPWP=IPwiR<*10

5 W0Rn=W0R0+ICHAR (KL-JK) »IPWR

IF ( TCHAR (KL) .LT.O) W0RD=-W0RQ

3 OUTPUT ( I «KIJ) =WORO

402 COMTTNUE

RETURN

v ,

' ENO ;

. Li ; :

DECODE-PNC PAGE ?

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

138

lOd
DEPVT-PNC PAGE l

1 SURPnUTiNf DERVT ( A H , C . I) . AP » HM » CH < i)^ « AHP , riPP » CRH , DPi-' » N ) ? DlMrNSION A ('N) (N) .C (N) .n (N) » AP (N) .HP (M) .CP (N) «0P , AT ( 1 0 ) »HT ( 10%

3 ) .CT ( 1 0) .HT ( 1 0) A FT ( 1 0) .rtrr ( 10) .err ( 1 ri) ,i)T r ( 10) u no TO t=i«N

S no ?o J=l.M

ft IF n.FO.J) GO TO 10 7 AT ( I) =a ( J) 8 ^T ( I) =H ( J)

9 CT ( I) =C ( J)

10 OT ( I) =n ( J) 11 C7O TO ^0

\?. 10 AT ( I) =AP ( J)

13 PT( l)=HP(J)

\i* CT (1) =(:p ( J)

15 OT ; I) =')p ( J)

16 ?0 COMTTNDE

17 30 CAL.l MOLT ( U . H T . C T . 0 1 . Q T T ( I ) . ^ 1 T ( I ) . C H ( 1) . U 1 T ( D . N ) 18 APP = ATT ( 1 ) 19 HPP=^TT(1)

20 CPD = CTT(n

?l OPP=nTT(l)

?? 00 4 0 I=?.N

?3 APP = APP*ATT ( I) PA hiPP^RPt'-^HT T { f) ?5 CPP = CPP*CTT ( 1 ) 26 ^0 OPP = nPP + f)TT ( I ) 27 PETMPM

28 ENO

DERVT-PNC PAGE 1

lid
OPF-PNC PAGF 1

1 FUMrTlON DPF (PV)

2 % THI<^ SUHROUTINF: calculates OEW-POINT TLMPtt^ATUPE K0« GIVEN VAPOk PRE

2.1 IF(PV/) l.l*<^

2.2 I . GO TO ?0

2.3 2 CONTINUE

3 Y=LOG(PV)

A IF (PV.GT.n. Irtlf.) GO TO 10

5 , DPF = 71 .98*24, 873<»Y + 0.H927«Y<^Y

:,6 GO TO 20

,7 - 10 DPF = 79. 047 + 30. S79*Y>-1 .H893*>Y*Y

8. , 20 RETURN

9 END

DPF-PNC PAGE 1

12 d
dst-pnc PAGE 1

1 SUBOOUTINE DST ( YR , MO » I) AY » i I'^TX , DST r ) ? INTFGEW YP»UAY»nST)(»nSTY

3 NOAY = WKfJAY (YW»MO*lMY)

4 IF (MO.LT.^.OR.MO.GT. 10) GO TO 10

5 IF fM0.EQ.4.AN0.[)AY.LT.?'^) GO TO 10

6 IF (MDAY.EO.l) 05TX=0AY

7 IF (MO.EO. 10.ANO.OAY.L.T.?4) GO TO 1 1) 8 IF (MDAY.EO.i) nSTY=OAY

^ in CONTINUE

10 RETURN

1 1 END

DST-PNC PAGE 1

13d
ERROP-PNC PAGE 1

1- . SlJPt^OUTINE ERROR ( IDATA«K)

? OIMFNSTON M^X ( 1 0) /lOO* 100* ISO* 150* 150* J500« 10» 10*99,999/

3 DlMr^STON M I N ( 1 0 ) /O * 0 * -40 -40 * -40 , ;'0 0 0 0 * 0 * 0 * 0 / * I U AT A ( 24)

4 no 1 J=l*24

5 IZ=TOATA(J)

6 IF { T7.GT.MAX (K) ) GO TO 1 -7' IF ( T7.LT.MIN (K) ) GO TO I 8 GO in ?

9' 1 COMTTMUE

10 2 lOATA ( 1 ) =IZ

11. 00 L J=2»24

12 ^.^ IZ = TnATA ( J)

13 IF { T7.GT.MAX (K) ) GO TO 3

14 IF ( T7.LT.MIN (K) ) GO TO 3

15 GO TO 4

16 3 IDATA(J)=IDATA(J-1)

17 4 CONTINUE

.18 RETURN

,19 EMD

ERROR-PNC PAGE 1

14d
FARC-PNC PAGE 1

1 Fljr>jrrlON F (A*H,C)

2 % HC = PFCFIVING SURFACE

3 % AH = SENDING SURFACE

4 % F(A,R»C)= FROM AH TO HC

5 % (A«P) *F (A»H,C) = (H*C) <*F (C»H, A)

6 % F (C.R» A) =F (A»H»C) «A/C

7 PI=7.1^1S9

8 X=A/H

9 Y=C/H

10 ? = X<>X*Y*Y

1 1 A2=AL0G ((l.+X<*X)i*(l.>Y<*Y)/(l.*Z))

12 - A3 = Y<*Y<*AL0G ( Y*^Y» {l.*7)/(l,*Y<*Y)/Z)

13 A4 = X<»X^AL0G(X«X<.Ml. + Z)/( l.*-X<*X)//)

14 A5=Y*ATAN ( 1 ./Y)

15 A(S = y<fATAN( 1 ./X)

16 A7 = S0PT (Z) ^^ATAN ( 1 ./SOPf (Z) ) 17 SUM=(A?+AJ*Ah) Z4.+AS+A6-A7

18 F = SUM/'^I/Y

19 RETURN

20 FNO

FARC-PNC PAGE 1

15d
FCTR-PNC PAGE 1

1 StJPPOUTlNE FCTR (L»W,H»SF) '2 REAL L,SF (6,6)

3- % THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES HASIC hiAr)IariONl SHAPE KACTOKS ¥W A RUOM.

4 % RADIATION SHAPE FACTOR F ( H , L . W ) = ( H<^L ) *(L<>w)

5' * TO ' FROM C S W N E

. 6 * C CEILING 0 KHLw KHWL FHLW FHWL

•? ' * S SOUTH WALL Fi/Jl H 0 FWHL RMS F WHL

8 » W WEST WALL FLwH FLHw 0 FLHW RMW

9^" 9^ N NORTH WALL FWLH RMN KWHL 0 FWHL

10 * E EAST WALL FLWH FLHW WML FLHW 0 11 * F FLOOR RMF FHLw KHWL FHLW FHWL

12 , *

13

"" % QM = REMAINDER

14 FHL'''=F (H»L»W)

15 " " FHWI =F (H,W,L)

16 FWL'^ = F (W,L,H)

17 FWH|.=F (W,H,L)

18 FLWH=F (L,W,H)

19 FLHW=F (L »H«W)

20 . RMC = 1 .-2.<* (FHLW + FHWL)

21 RMS=1 .-2.* (FWLH+FWHL

)

22 RMW=1 .-?.» (FLWH+FLHW)

23 RMN=RMS

24 RMF=RMw

25 - RMF=RMC

26 : ; SF ( 1 . 1 ) =0.

27 SF(1,2)=FHLW

28 SF(l.3)=FHWL

29 SF(1.4)=FHLW

30 SF(1,5)=FHWL

31 SF(i,6)=RMC

32 SF 1

) =FWLH

33 SF(?,2)=0.

34 SF (P,3) =FWHL

35 (p,4) =pMS

36 SF(2.5)=FWHL

37 SF(?,6)=FWLH

3R SF ( 1 ) =FLWH

39 SF ( 2) =FLHi«i 40 SF(?.3)=P.

41 SF(?,4)=FLHW

42 SF('>.5)=RMW

43 SF (-»,6) =FLWm

44 SF(4.1)=FWLH

45 SF(4.2)=RMN

46 SF(4,3)=FWHL

47 SF(4,4)=0.

48 SF(4,5)=FWHL

49 SF(4,6)=FWLH

50 SF{^,1)=FLWH

FCTR-PNC PAGE 1

16d
FCTR-PNC

51

5?

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

PAGE >

SF (5,?) =FLHW

SF (q, 3) =RME

SF (S.4) =FLH'^/

SF (^.5) =0 . SF {q.6) =FLWh

SF ( A, 1

) =RMF

SF ( f,, ?) =FHL a; SF =FHiA)L

SF { A,,4) =FHLl^/

SF (6,5) =FHWL

SF (6,6) =0.

_ RETMPM

FCTR-PNC PAGE ?
FO-PMC PAGE 1

1 * THTS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES OUTSIUE SUWF ACt HLAT Th^ANSFEW

2, * COFFFlCIENTSfFOT AND FOC

3~ , % FOT.... RADIATION PLUS CONVECTION

4 * FOC. .. .CONVECTION

5 % V WIND VWLOCITY IN KNOTS

6 SUROOUTINE FO ( V f 1 5 FOC FOT I WD

)

7 DIMFNSION A (6) /O. * 0.00 1 »0. «-0.00?» 0. »-U .00 125/,H (6) 0.320,0.3%

8 30,0.315,0.244,0.262/,C(6) /? . 0^ , 2 . ?0 , 1 . H*0 . 1 . 45, 1.80,1.^5/

9 VP=V»].153

10 FOT=A ( IS) »VP»VP+H (IS) *VP+C ( IS)

11 » lwn=1 IF THE SURFACE IS WINDWARD OK PARALLEL Tu THE WIND

12 * IWD=0 IF THE SURFACE IS LEFWARD

13 ^ IF (IWO.EO.O) GO TO ?0

\h IF (VP-7.0) 20,20, 10

15 10 F0C=n.23«VP+l .02

16 . GO TO 30

17 20 F0C = ?.'^3

18 30 RETURN

19 END

FO-PNC PAGE 1

18d
I

GLASS-PNC PAGE i

1 SUBROUTINF GLASS{SHADOW»SHOCF»GLTYP«GLAZF,SHGF)

2 DIMrNSION TR(9),SH(2S)

3 PEAI LATtLONG

4 COMMON /SOL/ LAT»LONG»TZN«WAZf wT»CN»0ST»LPYk»S(3'S)

5 TR(7)=S(19)

6 TR(P)=GLTYP

7 TP(9)=GLAZE

8 CALL TAR (TR)

9 SH(n=S(?4)

10 SH(?)=S(22)

11 SH(1)=S(?3)

12 SH(^)=S(19)

13 3H(c;)=0.5

lA SH(r-,)=o.5

15 SH(7)=().25

16 SH(s)=0.

17 SH(i)=Q,7

18 SH ( 10) =SH«inOW

19 SH(n)=SHDCF

20 SH(1?)=TR(1)

21 SH(13)=7R(2)

22 SH(1^)=TR(3)

23 5H(1S)=TR(5)

24 SH(16)=TR(4)

25 SH{17)=TR(6)

26 CALI SM6 (SH)

27 SHGr=SH(18)

28 RFTIIRN

29 FNO

GLASS-PNC PAGE 1

19d
6PF-PNC PAGE 1

1

' " SUBROUTINE GPP (U»ZL*Z)

2 OIMFNSION Z(l)

3 PI=4,«ATAN( 1 .

)

A : SQTPT=SORT (PI

5 Di2=?./Pi

6 EB=0.001

7 nB=n.i

8 WRITE (6,30)

9 WRITE (6,40)

Id Z ( 1) =?*ZL»SURT (U) /SQTPI

11 ZZ=7(1

)

12 Z(?)=Z(l)«(SQRT(2.)-2.)

13 ' ^ DO 1 0 K=3»S0

lA ZK=K

15 10 Z(K)=Z(1)*(S<JRT(ZK)-?.^*S'JRT(ZK-1)*S0WT (ZK-2.) ) 16 DO ?0 K=l,50

17 20 WRITE (6,50) K,Z(K)

18 RETURN

19 %

20 %

^1 9^ 22 30 FORMAT (50H0 RESPONSE FACTORS FOR SEMI-INFINI TE BED

23 40 FORMAT (50H0 K Z(K)

24 SO FORMAT (1I10»3F10.5)

25 END

GPF-PNC PAGE 1

20d
HOLDAY-PNC PAGE 1

1 SURPOUTINE HOLOAY ( MO 0 A Y » NU AY HOD

2" " iNTFGEt? YP»OAY«HOL» WKDAY

3 NOAY=WKDAY ( YW,MO,OAY)

4 HOL=0

5 IF (MO.EO. 1 .ANO.DAY.EO. 1 ) H0L=1

6 IF (MO.EQ. 1?. AN0.DAY.EQ.31 .ANU.N0AY.EU.6) H0L=1

7 IF (MO.EO. 1 .AND. DAY .EO.^. AND. NUAY.EU.^?) HOL = I 8 IF (MO.EO.^. ANO.UAY.EO.^^) H0L=1

9 IF (M0.E0.2.ANn.UAY.E0.?l . AN0.NDAY.E0.6) H0L=1

10 IF fM0.E0.?.ANn.DAY.EQ.?3. Ai\IO.NOAY.E0.2) H0L=1

11 IF ( MO. EO.S. ANO.DAY.EO. 30) H0L=1

12 IF (M0.E0.S.ANO.0AY.EO.?9. ANO.NOAY.tO.b) H0L=1

13 IF (M0.E0.5.ANn.UAY.E0. Jl . ANl).'nJDAY.EQ.2) H0L = 1 14 IF (MO. EG. 7. ANO.DAY.EO. 4) H0L=1

15 IF (M0.EQ.7.AN0.0AY.E0.3. ANO.NDAY.EO.b) hOL=I

16 IF (M0.E0.7.ANn.DAY.E0.b.ANI).NDAY.E0.2) HOL=I

17 IF (MO.EO. 12. ANO.DAY.EO. 25) H0L=1

Ifl IF (MO.EO. 12.AN0.DAY.E0.2'^.AND.NDAY.EO.6) H0L=1

19 IF (vxO.EO. 12.AN0.DAY.E0.26. ANin.iNJOAY.EO.2) H0L=1

20 IF (^'O.EO.W.ANO.DAY.LT.y. ANI).NDAY.EU.2) H0L=1

21 IF (MO.EO. 1 1 .AND. DAY. GT .24. AND. iMOAY.EO.S) H0L=1

22 RETllPN

23 END

HOLDAY-PNC PAGE 1

2 Id
MULT-PNC PAGE 1

1 I SURPOUTINE MULT (A»B»C»0 AT»BT«CT»DT*N)

2 DIMFNSION A(N)«R(N)»C{N) » D ( M

)

ATT=A(1)

BTT=R ( I

)

5 CTT=C(1)

6 / i DTT=D ( 1

)

7 ., ;( : IF (N.LT.2) GO TO 20

8 00 1 0 J=2»N

9 AT = ATT<*A ( J) BTT»C ( J)

10 BT = ATT<»B(J) *BTT*U( J)

1 1 CT=rTT»A ( J) OTT^^C ( J)

12 r, . . nT=CTT*>B(J) DTT^^DC J)

1 3 ATT=AT

14 BTT=RT

15 . , CTT=CT

16 ,10 ; 0TT=DT

17 , GO TO 30

Ifl 20 AT=ATT

19 ' '• RT=PTT

?0 - CT=rTT

21 ^

: DT=nTr

22 '30 - RETURN

23 END

MULT-PNC PAGE 1

22d
riHSL; ) THr<^ THF KOOM TFMPFWAl Uf^t. C AL CUL A I 1 UN KOUIlNt

OF THF rvlATIOlMAt HLJPt'M) OF srANUAf^US

NMc;) 0 TS A -'tSEAWCH t-'«r)f3MAM (JF NHb FOW TmE PUKPOSt OF

STilhYl'JG htf^TINf-, ANO COOLING LOAO AND ROOM ILMPERATUWt

OF <lill.uli\(i UNOEW ACiUAL WFAFHEP CO.vJOlTlON

A(T) A'VtA OF SU'?FACE I. FT?

A«qD{I) SOLAP MEAT AHSOPPTIU'vJ C(JtFFICIENI FOP SURFACE I. Tils DATA PFQUIPFO FOR OPAOUE SURFACES ONLY.

AFNf!i«i A^•'EA OF THF AfriC ENU WALL« FT2

ar-, nEAF TL^ArjSFFP ARE'^. FT2 (MAY = 0.)

Aii^rnr, JO. (IF Arric air CHA'^ibts per np, uayt ime

AIP-'T fliriC II -^F AIR CpavJ'.jK -iuliiplifh

APC^ir.S 'Ju, OF AlP CHANGES PEP HP IN SUMMER

APC-iG'M N'l, OF AIR CHANGES PEP HP IN WlNlER

ATCACG NO. OF ATTIC AlP CHANGES PEP hP (DAY OR NIGHT)

AVFHTG A\/tRaGE HOURLY HtAI GAIN ENliRt HUlLOlNG* tiTU/HR

A7i''fT) iVALL AZIMUTH ANGLE FOP SiIpFACE I, UEGREES

South = 0.

jJi^ST = 40.

;\j;)p TH = IHO,

fast = -40.

HID-'^x HiiILIWNt-i M^XIlU)M SFNSlHLF HEAI GAIN» dTU/HP

CFMi -jOMMEP INFILTRATION WATL» FT'VMIisi.

CFMV VErJill, A r i 0 Nl KATE* FTV-iI:\.

CFMuj .-JINTFR INF ILTPAT ION. FT.1/:MN.

CLO/vY OAlLi< TOTAL ENEPGY CONSU'^t- 1" I ON FOP A GRUOP

(NORM OF THEM) OF ROOMS OF THE SAME COiMFIGU'va I ION. hTH

CLO^ur' -ViJNNlNG rOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOP COOLING OF

ALL The POOMS in a HUILI'ING OVER A SE f IIME

PFRIOO. HTU

CM CLEAPnESS NiiM'iEP

CP(l ) kFSPONSE FaCTUP CO^-^moN P'UIO fop CONSTRUCTION L OAY [liii OF YEAR

iiAY'^'^P igo, OF OAYS TO SKIPPEo Fr<t.)M THE wEAfHER TAPE

(FROM ITS LAST STARTING PO'^ITION)

l)P{ n OoTOOOR DRrMULH TFMPEkAIUPE /\r HOUR if F OHA OaILY AVERAGE vMUTSIDE OPYHUL^ rtMPEPATUPE* F nt-ir' OESIGN If-ii)f)OP i^PYHOLH TEi>^PEP ATURE . F OHM U'-'YHULH MEAN, F

(")R^^''X IjFbiGN OUTOOOR MAXIMUM OPYHULH TEMPER A F ORE , F

DMM'-'T OESIGN .i/INTFR OUTOOOR OPYHOL^i IEMPLkaTORE, F nHMQ9( I) FRACTION OF ^'ANGF TO USt FOP oESlGisI PROFILE

AT HOUR J OP OUTOOOR ()E"J POINT. F OPjn loOOOR OEw POINT, F OPT" i;ESlGN IivjUOOR UEi»' POINT, F OP (I ) RESPONSE FACTOR COMMON RATIO F (JR CON'^ T ROC T I UN L (SAME AS CP (L) ) PAGE 1

23d
l\IBSLn-PNC PAGE ^

T c nsT OarLIGHT SAVING TIME INUICAFOR

El. At3S OAK'S ELAPSED SINCE JANUARr 1 G(I\/,VI) RaIHaTION configuration FaCTOKS FOR

nil)

7 t(ip <;ilPPi\('~p T. WTll/HW.PTP.P

cy nil?;

cj; ri)FFPTrTFi\IT. wTII/HW.Pr?.F

cj; TIIiLmjiik i\i r^nnD pmtuai clMlnALr^Tov crwKt \ o mpct^-ni priKiniriMMC- uTii/i u lJt^)ll.l^J LUNUillurg'^* olU/Lb

A

1

n 1 q; nl_l J n Y UAiLY lUlAL tlNtnliY LUN^U'^KIIUIN rUK ntAlllNU rUK A n <

iy?i P .J f U 1 0 / l\t LJ M M C" T l-J IT M \ / i P L> i 1 iwi t_ 1 1 C T C C A tjl C A T {y i'*Mr,IPT/"llh^VlTT/~\M l-WWr luUKAl UTtl nlw

OH 9^ ALL Int KUUMri IN A oUlLUlMu* r5 1 U

Aon^ 0 H (") n T

I'^liTf^iAr^J uU tr t\ITLjAi t_>V cnD ML'CTi^m f'*r'\MMTTinMC. QTllyi LJ

1 UiJ(jK HNIHALr^T rUK UhJi'TN LUNUillUNo» blU/LtJ

A 7 T f\i M P P C: , 1 P P A r P Q A M T /\ T T \/ P M P A T T W A \i Q 1- F Q ("OP P P T r T P mT

AH

, / ^ AQo w Qi P P r 1 T Kl H P T A H T . P T 7n % TUT t \ ) 7 1

t i = _] POP fil ASS SliPPArp

7 5 (yVI — A np A(ji 11- 7-3 Hi^UR OF OAY FOR "^^a XI MUM COOLING LOAO

71^ — ( ! T M n II 1 1 P P f"l M M r l\l II M M a P Y 7 A

1 f T PF ( T ) PI- SPOrjcf FATTOP Tf\|l)f-X FOP '->lJRF ACl- 1

I ^0 r M P" Ci P f- P ^ IIP P H T T T O Ni

r

1 e3 K Tf D

M 1 — n n T H P p ui r c; P W" rP T T K A M n TfH^-T fivJI^Trpt, Pflp pflDM TPMPhPAIiIPP P 1 1 MPi 11 A T T O Nl ^ - J J K _ n , ITHSr=l RPIOM TP MP PRFSfRIriFl). FITHhP rONsTANf

ft A.

"

i

. Oil

' '

' ft A ITK = 1. ITHSr=] ROOM TFMP FLOAl WlTnlN PRESCRIBED UPPER

n I 0 AND LOl«/ER LIMITS. NO A/C WHEN WllMlN

ft ft THE LIMITS.

ft Q ITK=n, ITHST=0 EQUIPMENT CAPACIir PRESCRIbEU. ROOM TEMP

Q C\ ; *X FLOAT WITHIN PRESCRIriEO UPPER AWU LOwER

Q 1 9; LIMITS* AND Wt-(EN EOUIPMENI CAPACITY IS

gp 9; EaCEFDEO.

, - .Qr

; ITYUF(T) TYRE OF SURFACE I OA fV

-

= 1 ROOF

= ?. FXPOSEO WALL

ty- = j 'MlNOOiV

Q7 = U DOOR

98 = S GROUND HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE

99 = b INTERNAL MASS. FURNISHlNbS. PARTY WALLS*

100 PARTITION WALLS. AND FLOOR/CEILINGS

101 = 7 OPEN "PASSAGES

NHSLO-PNC PAGE ^

24d
|^JH5L0-P^IC PAGE

102 = 8 FXPOSEI' FLOOP (EXPOSFO UNUtPSlUE)

103 * LAT LariTliDE. OEGh(EES

104 LOrgcrrUDE* DEGh(EFS

lOS % LPYP LFAP YEAP IlSiOICATOP

106 % MONTH MONTH OF fEAP

107 % MP (1 ) NitMHFW OF kFSPONSF FACTOh TtPMb GENEPA108 % TFL) HY PESPTK FOP COinIS TP' JC i ION L

1 09 °f- SAME AS (NJPd. ) 110 % NAMf^PD NAME OF i-?UOM 111 % NF NUMBER OF SUPFACFS IN EAST WALL

112 % TOTAL NUM8EP OF SOPFACES IN POOM

113 = 2 + WS + Ni'J + NN + NE

114 INJM A y Hh- OF I HE OflY WHEi^ (JLMAX fiCCUKS

lis MUMHEP OF SUPFACf^S IN NOKlH WALL

116 % NOMhFP of FLOOPS

117 % NO. OF POOMS HAVING THE t3AME"UATA

1 IH iMP (1 ) NOMHFP OF PESPONSF FACTOP TtPMb CALCO119 LATEO HY PFSPTK FOP CONSfPUCriON L

1 ?0 NS NUMHFP OF SOPFACES IN SOOTh WALL

121 NW NOMHFP OF SURFACES IN WEST *ihLL

1 22 Phi HAPOMprPIC PPESSOPE

123 = INCHES OF MEPCU^fY

1 24 OT = 3.141b...

125 PV VAPOP PPESSOPE* INCHES OF ME-VCOPY

126 MaXIMOM iNjOMMEW OF OCCOPANfS

127 Onpr: ( T ) HnAT GAl'^; OF SOPFACE I AT HOOP IMAX, HTO/HP

128 OOK^ TM ( I ..J) HFAT GAIN OF SOPFACE I AT hOOP J,

129 % HTO/Hh'

130 E00lP:>^ENr MAXIMiJM HEAT LOAO* HTO/HW

1 31 % MaXIMDM FOOIPmENT L0A0» WaTTS/FF^^

132 % OF 01 IP ( 1) EOOIPMENT LOAO AT HOOP J. HTO/HP

133 Of, QFO'iy ( J) EOOIPmENT OSE SCHEODLt

134 % OdI ASCI' J) HEAT Gain OF GLASS ^'0'^^ I AT HOtJw J,

135 BTO/HH

136 or-.x f T

)

Ht-AT TRANSMISSION ')K GLASS FOP SOPFaCE

137 I AT HOOP IMAX» hTO/HP

1 38 ( T ) INSIOE SOPFACE HE^T FLOA jF SOPFaCE I» 139 HTO/HP, F T2

140 <¥, 0 IS VF ( J .1) INSIOE SOWFACE HEAT FLOX OF SOPFACE

141 % I AT HOOP J, HTO/HP^F J ? 142 QLft<= SUM OF LATENT AND SENSIHLF LOAO AT HOOP

143 J, HTO/HR

144 OL ITT ( J) LIGHT LOAO AT HOOP J» RTlJ/Hr^

145 QLITO MAXIMUM LIGHT LOAO, BTO/HfV

146 * fJLTTi< ( J) LIGHT OSE SCHEOULE

147 OLFTY MAXIMUM LIGHTING LOAO, WATTS/FT2

148 % OLM AX AnSOLOTF VALUE OF THE ^AX CuoLING (OK

149 HEATING) LOAD OF THE DAY, -^TO/HK

150 OLL (.1) LATENT HEAT LOAO AT H(;OK j, BTO/Hk

151 QL*^ < J) SENSIBLE HEAT LOAO AT HOOP J, BTu/HP

MRSLO-PNC PAGE

25d
NBSLO-PNC PAGE 4

NBSLD

1 nrt w W / T <

\ 1 1 *,At

J J ^

1 "^S Of.

1 c,6 % PFOPl F 1 ATFMT I OAO Al HOIIP I. MTtl/HW

1 S7 % OPL I'

1 SB % OPS V MAX nrCUPANT SFNJSIRI F 1 AO « H TU/Hk . Pf kSDIM

1 59 % QS AVF ( J

)

HEAT GAINS AIMO LOADS AT HOUR J. MTlJ/HR

1 60 % M = ] T I MF • HR

161 M = ? SFNSIHiF HFaT GATM. HXl\/H^i

162 '

• - % M = LATFtsIT HFAT GAIM« HTD/HK

1 6

J OH

I O

~ % HFAT '11. Ml PAHTAlFn ~H'-'1HII_U Tot \J "^^KY .>i\l HYOl jW~r*A\^L. IhVf AC h f T X 1 low <K«i 167 % fjm imt IM OF Tn T Al HF A T ("^A f M*^ Fi 1 V H( n It-^^

1 68 • ,' -

' B ru/HR

1 6Q

% AT HOllfV I* kTII/H'V.FTP

171 Q J L ( 1 ) LATENT HFAI GAIN FRUM I iMF I L 1 R A 1 ION A(

17? lit

1

1 7T' -J ( J 1*1 T ^ 1 T

1 74 DAILY RANGE OF OOTOOUK (J^^fHULH* F

1 7S .

- a. ' ' P H T OFsKiM TNiXIOR RFI ari\/F HilMliHTY

1 76 R H 0 1

1

T

(jFsIGN OUTOOiTR RFI ATWF H'IMIOITY

177 - ROOM NUMHER

' ; %• 5 INFORMATION ARRAY RtOlJlRFD hr SOH^viJlJ1 79 - - % TINE SUN ANO GLASS

1 80 : r SHAOE ( I

)

SHADING COEFFICIENT FOR SURFACE 1

1 fl 1 5 J C M

1 fl? S T Tri 1) ( J

)

OVERALL COOLING LOAD aT HOUR J» HIU/hR

183 S 1 TPOL ( J

)

OVERALL LATENI HFAT OAIIsl l\\ rlUUK J»

1 flA 1 o** H TU/HR

1 ftS 9, 186 ' ' ' A" H TU/HP

187 T TTTH f 1

1

nv/FPAl 1 TOTAI hFAT (tATN \T HDUP i« 188 hTU/HR

1 89 S I J M A X OVERALL MAXIMUM HEAT GAlN« HTU/HR

in CATMTX OUFRAI 1 HK&T (iflTN AT HOUh^ IMAX. HTU/HR

1 9 1 * * J W L. I ' ' TOTAI rOlM TNG 1 OaO. HTU/Hi-<

19? CJ (3Vil ui T M T W J I M 1 OVERAI 1 TOTAI HFAT LOSS» HTU/hR

ROOM fllR TFMPFRATURF « F

I ~*T OL ROOM AIR TFMPFRATURF AT HOUR 1« F

1 9*5 % in 1 n DAII Y RUNNING TOTAI ENERGY CONSUMPTION

11 A) For rooi ing for a group (:jorm of thfm)

197 '* OF ROOMS HAVING THE SAME CONF I GUR A fl ON

»

198 BTU

199 % DESIGN SUMMFR GROUND TFMPt^ K A TURF * F 200 TGW DESIGN WINTER GROUND TEMPERATURE* F 201 % THTLD DAILY RUNNUNG TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

-PNC PAGE 4

26d
NBSLn-PNC PAGE s

A O % rUK nLAIllNb rUK A CiKUUr INUKM Ur IntMi on T T) ur KvJUno nAVlINO inc. jM"C l^UINrlUUKAIlUIN* on A (V OTI 1 T T / M IInjXUC. TM^TDF <illPFArP jUrrrm^c. TPMPFWATIIOP Iririr'CrvHIUfTC- Wfl rvCUMIlVC. ATT\/P IvJ inc. KC.rC.KC.NCt. IC-'TKC-KMIUrrt Ml nUUK J

cO f

(V*

T T C / 1 \

1 1 r ( J > TMQTnC CIIDCAPC T CT MD P U A T 1 IOC AT l-IIMID 1 i- IWbilJr. bUKr ALt 1 tlNKLK A 1 UKt Al nUUK J» r

fVTl T T C" f~ A / 1 1 1 r S A V ( J » i) liNblMt bUKr ALt 1 t Mr^C-K A 1 UKt Ur bUK —

^5 A Q (V r ALc. 1 Al nOUK J» r 210 % T IM INUUUK UEblGN MtAN (KtrhKfiNLc Ic.MI-'c'^A" oil c 1 1 Tl Tl IOC" \ , IT c 1 c aTl T T r> Tfiinnno ficQTPM TCiJiUkruATiiUir. lt lIMUvJUK L/t-3lOl^ Iti'IKC.KAIUKC* r O 1 T C 1 J

(V70 T T C / T • 1 \ TMQTnC QiICJCAPC T C iv><D p u a T I IO CT UCI attv/c tm

OTA (V TWP inc. DPPPDpNir'P TPMDPWATilljP MP tllUPA^'P 1 KC.rCKCiNt.^C. ICMKC. KAIUKC. \.)~ oUKrAv^C 1 C 1 3 A T Wni ID 1 . P

c 1 b

(V7> 1 1 A ( J J TMPinnD lINlJUUK nCQTr^M UCjIuIN IJKTnULrJ nUVUIII W TPMUPlSATIIDt" ICI^KCKAIUKC. AlAT

C I f

Q( i-ini ID 1 . P

9C 11 no

ly TMFl./ ( 1 ^

1 iNt " V 1 / IIPOATPD ni/T«;TnP criipPArp TPMPPPATllWF fif C 1 7 T) QIIPPA-r^P D UK r A\»c T AT PUPPy TIMP TMPPl^PMT. P 1 Al cvcKi iiric in^jC^icini* r

0!T> T M1 1 C A V/ / 1 • 1.1 Tl IIPnATPlI UKUAICIJ nilTQTI'lP UUIolUC 'illPPAPP oUKrMt^C. TPMPPPA7PP IC'ItC.KMIKC

59 1 OP\i~ CrilDFArP OUKrHCC T1 MlAT NDI niJUKIP u*1. Pr

(V OilTClnP UUIoIUC. CIIPPAPP bUKrAl./C TPMPPPATlIPP IC^KC-KAIUKC PPI KC-l-AllVL. A f I \/ 1- TOlU cc J /r> DPPPPPMPP KCrC-KrlNL-C. TPNylPPPATIIPP IC-"nKCKAIUKC. flP Ur ClIPPAPP TUKrAV.^C 1

T MlAT

(VTl LJAI ID 1 . c nu u K J r

ryTO T X Lj T V I'MAL LUOLlNo LuAI> ruK A KUUn* OIU/nK

cco T A v/ / 1 \ I 0 Y ( J J AKKAY UbtU rUK Itf^KUKAKY blUKAut Ur

CC f <V l/AI vAL-UCb IIPC UiMTl WniLrP AUVAlN^^lINU AI1\/AI\lPTMri TPmPPPATIIUP IC^IKCKMIUKC. MoAt. ceo or PlIIITDPI^ i4V DPCPHMCP PAPTOU MPTl-inri KC-WUIKC-L/ "T KC.bKU'NoC rAI.^IUK I^CinUU

(VX) T C K\lC \ bAvr l\>IAyTMIIM l^nAAlrlUrl THTAI lUIAL PAHI V./UUL1INU TMfi 1LUMIJ* I'TAO. UTil/MP rJIU/nK

(VTO TC T TUT TMTAI |V7|AL n\/PPAI UVC.KALL1 WPAT nCAl fiATM UMIIM rUK P(>kV CHJA t-lllllPt;. nUUK3»

OO 1 CO 1

(VT) U T 1 1 / U P

o o o C JC T \t

1 V rPMPPDATllPC /""^P V/CM TTI ATTMCl ATP. P C J J

fV T 7 M TTi\jlP ^nKIC M 1 1 \il lJ LT L)

1 Int <cUNr_ NU'^nt-K

OOA c J** (¥Tl OV/PDAI UvcKALLI UPAT nLAI TPAMCPPP IKANbrCK priCt'PTPTPMT H.JtrriLlu.NI PMU rUK

COICJ3 Q>T> CI IPP A PP T c^o OOA (yT) uur I. Mo nwPDAI UvC-KALU1 I-iPAT nC^lj FPAmQPPP IKAl^lorCK PrlPPPrPTPMF l^Urrril^lCllNI /iF Ur

C J f a7) TmP inc. PPTI i>uxi-i<Nw \ \s\r. UPTU/PFM Dciwc.". 'N TMF inc ATTIP miiic mxr ATP minu AMIi

C JO qe TinCi-i P DKUUn n n Ni MIK ATP ti F 1 n 111 OCLU'*! C J 7 /O 1UIPMniil C In '

1

W

nWFRAI UVCKMLL1 MFAT nCAl TP&MCFFP IKM'Nr^rCK PUFFFTPTFMT UUCrrl^^lClNI (If- Ur

tt Tl-IF ATT TP FMltlilAI 1 inc. Ml 1 IL, CInUWAUL

9A 1 C*» 1 Tl GPnuwn vjKuuiNU HFAT ncMi TPAMCFFP ikhtNj'Ck PflFFFTPTPKIT L/WcrrioiciNi

c**c at

T> (.JoL fl b

UITi\lTFD WllNlr.K Cil vJUM^o ACC MPAT nCAl TPAM<iPPP IKAiNOrrK POPFFIPfpMT v^vjCrriV^ir'Nl

OA^ (yTn 1 IT / T \ II V/AI IIF lilTTunilT ClluFAr'F OlT^^IilTAMPPti U vALUC. WllnUUI bUKrAL.C Kr. biolAIN^^tO

9AA In V 1 In TMI"if\r»D ATP CPPPTPTP IIMP. FT'^/I U

9AC (yTO VIHJT miTnOAD UUIUUUK ATP AiK CPPPTPTP V/fll IIvjIF. ftt/i i-i brtl^lr vULUi''lC.» r IJ/Lcj

C*»0 (V*

V/ T / 1 \ V 1 W.) C AMF AC 1 1 T / T \ bAMC. Ab U 1 \ 1 J 247 % WA OUTDOOR AIR HUMIDITY RATIO* Lri OF HieO

248 % VAPOR PER LB OF DRY AIR (= wUUT)

249 % WAZ(I) WALL AZIMUTH ANGLE MEASURED CLOCKWISE

250 FROM SOUTH, DEGREES

251 WBin OESIGN INDOOR WETHULB TEMPERA FURt, F NBSLD-PNC PAGE =;

27d
NBSLD-PNC PAGE ^ 252 * WJMAX DESIGN 0(JTnOOR WETHULB TFjMPEi^ATUHfE, F 253 WBSaVECJ) INDOOR WETHULb TEMPERATUkF AT HOUR J. K 254 Win DESIGN INDOOR HUMIOITY RATIO, LB OF H20

255 * VAPOR/LH OF DRY AIR 256 % WIN INDOOR HOMIDITY RATIO, LH H?U/L« ORf AIR 257 * WQIJT DESIGN OUTDOOR HUMlDi'lY RATIO, Lb ri?U 258 VAPOR/Lb DRY AIR 259 WROT DEGREES OF POTATION FOR RdOm

260 WT WALL TILT ANGLE (= 9(j. DEiwetb WHFN

261 VERTICAL WALL)

262 WV VENTILATION AIR HUMIDITY rvAUO, LH i^PU 263 % . VAPOR/LB DRY AIR 264 X(L.N) RESPONSE FACTORS FOR GUNS T Ri )C T I UN L 265 % XX(M,L) TRANSPOSE OF ARRAY X 266 % Y(L,N) RESPONSE FACTORS FOR CONSTkOCT lu-xl L 267 % YY(^I,L) TRANSPOSE OF ARRAY Y 268 % Z(L,M) RESPONSE FACTORS FOR COt-lSTwuCT ION L 269 ZRLOG INPUT ARRAY FOR HDILDING AND hXTFRNAL DATA

270 • * ZPOOM INPUT ARRAY FOR ROOM DATA

271 * ZZ(M,L) TRANSPOSE OF ARRAY Z 272 %

273 %

274 COMMON /CC/ X(10,100) ,Y(10,in()) ,Z( l'J,10ll) , riYPF(3i)) ,1HT (3 0) ,IRF(3a'i^

275 ) ,ARSP(30) ,U(30) ,H(30) ,Hl (30) ,A(3l)) «UT (30) ,TOS(3o,4B) ,TIb(30,4w)

276 (30,30) , TO Y (48 ) , DH ( c'4 ) , OL I f X ( , 3 ) , OEOUX ( ^f^-, i) , UOCUR ( z^^* , 3 ) , (JUCRS ( ?'^> 277 4) , OL T TE ( 24 ) , OEOUP ( 24 ) ,01 ( 30 ) , CP ( 30 ) , i-;R ( 30 ) , OGL AS ( 30 , 2^ ) , I T HST , UFi\ii) 278 DW, A7W ( 30 ) , SHADE ( 3ij ) ,RMDHS ( 2^) , RMi )h .) ( ) , SHD ( 3o ) ,t»CtLNb

279 DIMENSION XX ( ] 00 , 1 0 ) , YY ( 1 00 , 1 0 ) , ZZ ( 1 00 , 1 0 ) , TNt W ( 1 00 ) , T I ( 4M) , X0i)"1 ( I'*, 280 00) , YOOM ( 1 00 ) , ZOU^' ( 100 ) ,TDUM ( 1 00 ) ,UU ( i')) , T IK ( 30 ) , USUN ( 30 , 24 ) ,OS^Y (*

281 30 ,24) ,NAMERM (9) ,NAMEHD ( 9 ) , VT ( 1 0 ) , DP ( 1 0 ) , MR ( 1 0

)

?fl2 n I MANSION UPT (24) , ,.JhT { 24) ,PMT (24) ,A)bT (24) , TC (24) ,>mT0C (?4)

283 niMFNSION SALT (24) ,IE0AY(12)/15,46, 7^,10b,13S,ibo,19(S,^?/,^5«,?Hd,*

284 319, 349/

285 DIM(-"NS ION CALDH ( 24 ) ,CALRH ( 24) , PGL AS ( 30 , 24 ) , PS UN ( JO , 24 ) , f A 1 1 1 C ( 1 00 ) % 286 ,QLS (24 ) ,OLL (24 ) , ZHLi)G ( IS) , ZROOM ( 1 2) ,Ui»( ( Jo ) 287 DI^rNS ION HEATG ( 2) , HE ATX ( 2) , HE AT tS ( r' ) , HLCb ( 2) , hLLX ( 2 ) ,hlC I S ( 2) 288 DIMFNS ION DhPF (24)/, 87, .'^2, .96, ,^9, 1 .U0,.y>i,.93,.H4,.71,.Sb,.39 ii 289 ,.23,.ll,.01,0.0,.03,.lO,.21,.34,.4N,'DM,.hH,.76,.H2/

290 COMNION/SHDW/SHAW ( 30 , IS)

291 DT MfMS ION SHDX (20) ,SHDF(3a,24) ,Alr<LK (24) , OSOL ( 24 ) 292 D IMCNS 1 ON V ( 1 5 ) . PL AT ( 24 ) , A I PL A f ( 2^ ) , R ALU ( 24 ) , b A-^tL ( £'4 ) 293 INTFGER nST)(,DSTY,PUNIO,RUMTYP,ASHRAE

294 RFAI LAT,LONG,NOFLR

295 iNTFGER C I T Y , YE AR , T A°F

2

296 LOGICAL LL1,LL2

297 COMMON /SOL/ LAT ,LO.^G, T/N, W AZ , wT ,CN.iibX,LPYR,S ( 3^)

298 COMi/inN NSKP

299 PI=T. 141S927

300 WRITF (6, lOSl

)

301 WRITE (6, 10S2)

NBSLD-PNC PAGE ^

2 8d
N8SLD-PNC

302 WRITT (fi, 1053)

303 WRITF (6» 1054)

304 WRITr(6«yy8)

305 998 FORMAT(//« RUN I D » Rl JNT YP , ASHR AE » I Dfc T AL » ME | HUD » NH A r ' /*

306 • RilNin IDENTIFICATION OF THE RUN •/%

307 • 1 NEED RESPONSE FACTOR DATA»/*>

308 • 2 SKIP RESPOiSlSE FACTOR DATA*/*

309 • RiinTYP TYPE OF kUN»/%

310 • 1 ENERGY CALCULATION ..NEEDS WEATHER TAPE'/*

311 • 2 DESIGN L0AI3 CALCULATION'/*

312 • 3 DESIGN AND ENERGY LOAD CALCULATIONS'/*

313 ' ASHRAE 0 USE RMTMP'/*

314 ' 1 USE ASHRAE WEIGHTING FACTORS'/*

315 ' inETAL 0 NO DETAILED OUTPUT'/*

316 J 1 DETAILED OUTPUT'/^

317 ' MFTHUD 0 REGULAR TREATMENT FOR I HE ROOM'/*

318 » 1 SPECIAL TREATi^ENT Of THE ROOM'/*

318.1 » NMAY 0 STANDARD S I MUL A f I ON ' /*

318.2 ' 1 WFT ROOF SIMULATION')

319 REAn(5»<») RUN I D . RU^lT YP . ASHR aE » I DE T AL » METHOD . NH A Y 320 CALL OHEY ( 'EQUATE R RFTR',4)

321 IF {PUNID.EO . 1) CALL OhEY('SWITCH I N"*, : nHS«L 1 ' » 5 ) 322 IF (PUMID.EO.?) CALL ohey( 'SWITCH I Ni. : NhSh)L2 ' » 5)

323 CALL OHEY('EUUATE TAPE? 0UTDAT'»5)

324 REAP (5»911) NAmEHD

325 WRITE (6,910) NAMEHD

326 % REAP) 24 HOUR PROFILES FOR L I Gn TI NG , LOU I hmE'-JT AND OCCUPANCY

327 J3 = -^ 328 DO 10 J=1'J^

329 IF ( i.EO. 1 ) .<JRITE (6,90 1) 330 901 FORMAT (' LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR wEEKOur^')

331 IF(l.FO.?) WRITF(6,904)

332 90*+ FORMAT ( ' LIGHTING SCHEDULE FUR WFEKI-NU')

333 IF(i.E0.3) WRITE (6,907)

334 907 FnR''AT(' LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION RERIOD')

335 RE An (5.<») ( OL I T X (I , J ) , I = I , ?4

)

336 IF ( I.EO. 1 ) '//RI TF (6.90?)

337 902 FORMAT (' EQUIRMHNT USAGE SCHEDULE FUK WEEKDAYS')

338 IF(I.FO.?) WRITF(6,905)

339 905 FOR"AT(» EUuIPMFNT SCHEDULE FOR WEEKENDS')

340 IF(l.E0.3) wRITF(6,9nR)

341 908 FORMAT (' EOUIPMENT USAGE SCHEDULE F OH THE VACATIUN PERIOD')

342 RE An (5.*) (uFOUX ( I ,,J) , i = i ,?4)

343 IF(l.F(i.n wRirE(6,903)

344 '303 FORMAT (' OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR wEF^OAYS')

345 IF( I.EO.?) WRITE(6,90h)

346 906 FORMAT ( ' OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR >)EEKtNu')

347 IF(I.E0.3) wRITF(^,9nq)

3^8 909 FORMAT (' OCCUPANCY t>CHEDULE FOw \ V/ACAlION RERlOD')

349 REfln (5,^) (0 iCUP ( I » J) , 1 = i , NBSLD-PNC PA(,E 7

2 9d
NBSLO-PNC PAGE n

350 10 CONTINJIIE 351 IF (PillMT fP.GT.2) h;UMrrP = ^ 35? WRITF e^^^lA)

353 T 91^ FOPM^T ( ' THtrKMOSTAT SFTriNG Fi)ti ] Hf_ CUOLINO SEASON*)

354 . RFAn(S,») k'^UHS

355 WOFTF (6,915)

356 -. 915 FOPf'AT ( • THt KMOSTAT SFTFING FOK Tht Hb.ATlNG SFAbUN*)

357 RFAr>(5,<*) RMiJriw 358 ,^rv - , WRTTF (6,4 16)

359 916 FORMAT (• f?vi| )riwn , RMD^Sn , ^HW , .vhS • ) 360 V Pr' !./.;• RFAn(5.<>) R"lUriWf),kM|)RS(),KHW,>^Hb

361 SIGv^A = 'J. 1 7l4fc-8

362 . •!• ^'i'- HP=<».»0.9*bICjMA»(5?0,»* <) 363 ' WRlTr(6,MHl

)

364 -5.. RflJ FORMAK' iJAfA SHFFT NO 1 : MO A Y , NSK 1 P , T APfc • ) 365 i , REAn(5.*^)N()'\Y.NSKIP,TAPF^

366 : v-;v ;-- ' i ' WRITF(6,aH?)

367 FOR^MT(» DATA SHFtT NO ^ ^./t : MONTH , O ^ Y , LL ARS , I^hM AX , K ANbt , WHM AX , * 368 ORMn/T . TGS, TGW ,1 IG,LONG,LAT , r /N, /I F , "VMUW • ) 369 V RFAO (5.») ZHLOG

370 CLnc;iiM = o. 371 • HLf)'-,iiM = (). 37? ' . DO y<^0 I ,IKLMN=l .10

373 WRTTF(6,H83)

374 883 FORf'AT(' DATA SHEF r NO ^: ^lA'^^H OF T -it K(.)Oi'i • ) 375 PFAn(5,Qll>) NA^FRM

376

'

% IF TfiPF? IS NOT rtLANK H Ta^F SHOULiI aSSI(jN»-"ij

377 IF (NAMFRM n ) .FO. • MSTOP

378 WR ITF ( 6, ert^»

)

379 884 F0W"AT(» DATA SHEET NO S : I Pi i T . 1 SK 1 P , [ I JCLOOt •

)

380 REAn(5,<*) 1 POT , T SM P , I NCU 10 381 IF TSKIP .Nh. '1, Rl-S'^ONSE FaCTok (JALCOLATiON is SKlPh-FI)

38? % SO WALL OATA IS NFFijEO

383 IF (TSKIP.NF.O) GO TO l!) 384 '

. " : • DO ?n 1 = 1,10

385 ^ no ?0 .1=1,100

386 X ( I . )) =0,

387 • Y(T.J)=0.

388 ?0 7 ( T . I) =0

.

389 IF(PnMTO.EO. I) GO TO ?\

390 PFAn(8) X, Y.Z,"ip,Ok. '/T 391 ' GO TO ??

39? % THIS RFSPONSF FACTOR POnTlNt- KEONIPr.-, yiAi\Y iNs WUC r I ( )N OAlA

393 .% PLFflSF REFER TO THE fNPoT I H ^T koCT [ , n jb 394 ?T CON'TTKiOE

395 IF ( TDFTAL.Eo.O) CALL OHt- Y ( • I FCH on I ^ : wtS f an • , s

)

396 CAI L RESEX ( K , Y , Z » X X , Y Y , Z 7 . '^H . OR « V r . I U ) 397 IF(TDETAL.EO,0) CALL OHE Y ( • S ^/ [ T CH Oil F t. : , CLCJSfc • , t)

)

398 : WRITE (8) X, Y,Z,Mh!,l)P,v/r

399 END FILE H NB5Ln-PNC PAGE o

30d
NBSLD-PNC PAGE 0 PAGE 9 NBSLD-PNC

400 22 PB=?9.921

401 30 IF(IPOT.NE.O) GO TO 40 402 WROT=0

.

403 WRITF(6.fl91) 404 B91 FORMAT ( • DATA SHEET NO fl: ROOMNO . UL I T V

«

(jEUH Y » OCU . F LCG. AS » TS • CFMS » ARCHGS » ARCHGW » ARCHGMt ZNORM •

»

405 REAn(5t») ZROOM

406 WRITF (6.892) 407 892 FORMATC DATA SHEET NO. 9: I W . IL . I ST AK T . 1 LE A VE • ) • 408 REAn(5.») IW» IL. ISTART. ILEAVE

408.

1

WRITE(f>«893) 408.2 893 FORMAT(« DATA SHEET NO 10: TIJL » TLL • OCM AA » OHM AX .DbVMAX » OBVM I N '

)

409 REAn (5.») TUL»TLL»UCMAX»QHMAX.DB\/MAX»DHVMIN

409.

1

WRITF(6«894) 409.2 894 FORMAT ( • DATA SHEET NO 11: IThST.ITK')

410 REAn(5«») ITHST.ITK

41

1

CALL ROOMX ( NEXP . NS . NW . NN . NF » HT

)

412 R00MN0=ZR00l'1 ( 1

)

413 M0NTH=?8LDG ( 1

)

414 AG= » ( NEXP

)

415 NOFI R=! 416 0CIJ = 7P00M(4)

417 LAT=ZBLDG (12) 418 LONG=ZBLDG ( 1 1

)

419 TZN=7BLDG < 13) 420 DAYSKP=NSKIP

421 QLITY=ZR00M (2) 422 0E0PX=ZR00M (3) 423 CFMV'=ZROOM (8) 424 WRMSX=ZBLOG ( 6

)

425 CFM<;=CFMV 426 FLCi"i=ZROOM ( 5) 427 TGS=7BL0G(a)

428 TGWrZBLDG (9) 429 LDAY=ZBLDG(2)

430 YEAP=2000

431 DBWT=ZRLDG ( 7) 432 OBMAX=ZBLDG (4) 433 RHOW=ZBLDG( 15) 434 ZLF=Z8LDG ( 14) 435 OHIM=RMOBW (12) 436 RHIN=RHW

437 IF (PDNTYP.EQ. 2) CALL PSYl (DRMAX.WBMAX.PB.DPMAX.PV.WA.HA.VA.HHO)

438 UG=7RLDG (10) 439 TV=7R00M(7)

440 FRA'^sZPOOM ( 6) 441 ZNORM=ZROOM( 12) 442 ARCHGW=ZROOM (10) 443 CFMWT = AG<»HT«ARCHGW/60 . CFMV

444 ARCHGM=ZROOM (11) 445 CFMTN=A6«HT»ARCHGM/60.

NBSLD-PNC PAGE 9 PAGE 9 NBSLD-PNC

3 Id
NBSLn-PNC PAGE 10

446 CnMc;T = APChGW/n.f)95

447 % JHF<^F AIR CHANGF VALUFS ARF FO*^ THF ATTIC Vt NT I L A r lO^^J 448 * ROOM AIR CHANGF VALUES WILL HE DEfE^MlNFiJ as A hUMCTION Of 449 % WIMn SPFFD AND TEMP£PATilWE DIFFERENTIAL

'..^45.0 40 COMTTNiUF

451 • IF (inPTAL.FQ.O) GO TO SO

451,1 WPTTF(6.874)

452 WPIT^ (fS,790)

453 , 'a/RITF (6.800) ROOMNU. H r . AG.XiOFLR .00. /hfODM ( 4) . /k(j()M ( 1 0 ) 454 WRITP (6, lOlD)

' 455 50 COMT TMHE

;456 . S ( n =LAT

'457 ' - S (?1 =LOMG

458 S(?)=T7N

. 459 " IF (inFTAL.EU.u) GO TO hO

460 WRIT(^ (6.H10)

,461 WPTTF (6.800) LAT.LUNG. T/N.ZNORM

'462 WPITF (6.1010)

463 ' WPITF (6,8?0)

' 464 RHIM=RHS

465 , WRTTF (6,800) OL IT Y . ()F OHX . CFMV . Oh I m , TO , T V , h'h I :466 WRITE (6, 1 01 0)

- 467 WITF (6.840) ME XP , I TK . I THST

467, 1 WRITE (6.874)

468 60 CONTTMUE

469 IF ( TROT. ME ,0) GO TO 61

470 VJRITF (6,8itl )

. 471 841 FORMATC DATA SHEET NO 15: UEND«/ . UCtLMG . AE NO>^i . a r CHT . A I h CHb . A 1 P^T '

)

.472 , REAn(5.*) UENDW , UCELNG . AENDW . ATCH T . A I KCHb . A I WisiT 473 ' ' WRTTF (6. 84?)

474 842 FORMAK* DATA SHEET NO 16: lEXTSO. IfXMS . lEXMt , m T \/i ij ,;vjvErMT ' //)

,475 REAOfS.*) lEXTSD* lEXMS. lEXMF.NTVNT.AjVFMl

476- CFMNT=NTVNT<»AG**HT/60

,

'477 6) CONTINUE

478 IF (IDETAL.EO.O) GO TO 70

479 WRITE (6.10 10)

480 WRITE (6.830)

WRITE (6.800) UE MOW . UCELMG . AFMIJW . A T CH 1

• '482 70 COMTTMUE

,483 IF (IPOT,NE,0) GO TO 160

484 SUM=0.

485 , 00 ISl I=1.NEXP

. 486 K=IRF ( I

)

487 IF (Y (K , 1 ) .GT. 1 . ) IRF(I)=10

488 MR ( T

) =MH (K)

488. 1 IF (IRE ( I ) .EG. 10) IMK(I)=1

V 489 UT ( T ) =VT (K)

490 CP(T)=DP(K)

491 IF (MP ( 1) .EO.O) MR(I)=1

492 IF (MP(I).Gr.48) MR ( I) =48

NBSLO-PNC PAGE ]a

32 d
NBSLO-PNC PAGE 1

1

493 IF (ITYPE(I) .EQ.3) AHSP(I)=0.

494 IF (TTYPE(I).EQ.5) AdSP(I)=0.

495 IF ( TTYPE ( I ) .GE.'S) ABSP(I)=0.

496 IHT(I)=1

497 IF ( TTYPE ( I ) .EQ.3) IHT(I)=-]

49fl H(T)=6.0

499 HI { T

) =1 .46-HR

500 IF ( ITYPE ( I) .Gt .5) Hn)=0.

501 IF { ITYPE ( 1 ) .EO. 1 ) HI ( I) =1 .6 ^0-HR

50? IF ( ITYPE ( I ) .E0.5) H I { I ) = 1 . 0 '^0-HR

503 IF ( TTYPF ( I ) .E0.7) U(I)=SOO.

504 IF ( TTYPE ( I ) .EU,8) H(I)=1.46

504. 1 IF(IRF{I) .ME.IO) U{I)=0.

505 IF fi)(l)) 80,80*90

506 80 RU=1 ./UT ( I) +1 ./ (HI ( I ) +HP)

507 IF ( TTYPE ( I ) .LT.5.0R. ITYPE ( I ) .l-(J.8) *vu = KU+ 1 . /H ( I ) 508 IJ(I)=1./RIJ

509 90 COMTINUE

510 IF (X(K,?)) i40W00«l40

511 100 IF (H(I) ) iio»i?o«in

512 110 R=l./U(I)-l./H(I)

513 GO TO 130

514 1?0 R=1./()(I)

515 130 LJT ( T ) =] ./ (R- 1 ./ (Hi ( I ) +HW) ) 516 IF (IIT ( I ) .LE .0. ) UT(I)=/?«.0

517 IF ( ITYRE ( I ) .E0.7) Ur(I)=50n.

518 140 COMTTNOE

519 IF (i)CELNG) ISO, ISO* 141

519,1 141 I(^ ( ITYPE ( I ) .NE. 1 ) GO TO ISO

520 PTA=1 . /IJCFLNG-] . / (HI ( I ) + hR)

521 iJT ( T) =1 ./RTA

522 150 COMTINI'E

522.1 l)W(T)=U(I)

523 IF( TTYPE ( I) .GT.^) GO TO 151

524 SUM=SUM*A ( I ) <»U ( I

)

525 15] CONTINUE

526 ZK = 9I)M/ZLF

527 FC=T .-0.02*ZK

528 160 IF (IROT.EO.O) GO TO 180

529 WPOT=IROT

530 00 170 I=1*M£XP

531 A7W ( T ) =AZW ( I ) +WROT

532 IF (AZW (I) .LT.-180. ) AZ W ( I ) = AZ W ( I ) 360

.

533 170 IF (AZW (I ) .GT. 180. ) AZW ( I ) = AZ«a/ ( I) - 36n . 533.1 DO 181 I = l.AlEXP

533.2 00 181 J=1,NEXP

533.3 181 G( T,J) =G( I, J )/HR

534 180 COMTINUE

535 IF ( lOETAL.EO.O) GO TO 2?0

536 WRITE (6.950)

N8SLD-PNC PAGE 1

1

33d
N8SLD-PNC PAGE 1?

S37 on IQO I = 10IEXP

S3a WRITF (6,920) I , IT YPE ( I ) , IHT ( I ) IkF ( I ) , AdbM ( 1 ) .U ( I ) ,M ( n , A ( 1 ) , AZiA/ (*

539 I ) ,c;HAnE ( I ) .UT ( I ) HI ( I

)

540 190 COMTTNUE

541 WRITT (6. 96"))

54? on ?00 I = NNEXP

543 ?no WRITE 800 ) ( SHAW ( I , J ) , J= 1 , ( S

)

544 IF ( ASHRAE.EO, 1 ) GO TO ?3S

545 WRITE (6*970)

546 WRITE (6,9H0)

547 00 ?10 I=1,NEXP

548 WRITE {6.99.)) I , ( G ( I , J ) , J= 1 , NE XP ) 549 ?10 COM! ^NOE

550 ??0 IE (RMMTYP.EO,?) CALL W I N T F W ( A « i Iv' , I T , Nt X P , CF MW T OH I N , F 551 ^. - ,l)G.TGW»RHW,WHOW)

55? DO ?30 1=1 ,MEXP

553 00 P30 J=1,MEXP

554 ?30 G(T.,I)=HP»G(I,J)

555 ?3S TIM=TUL

556 i. 0LIT0=OL(TY<*AG*3.'+l jHfNOFLR

557 0E0Pn=UEQPX<'AG«3.4 1 3<^N0ELR

558 DO ?^0 I=1,NEXP

559 00 ( T

) =0 . 560 QI(T)=0,

561 ?40 COMTTNUE

561.1 ORFO=0.

561.? QRFT=0.

56? 9«, 0RM = TIM= REFERENCE FEMPERATORE

563 . TA=TTM

564 NiOT = 0 565 TCIJ 0 = 0

.

566 THTI 0 = 0.

566.1 IE ( T.IKLMN.GT, 1 ) GO TO ?43

567 CALI^ 0hEV( 'SWITCH I : . CLOSE • . S ) 567. 1 , ?43 COMTli-iOE

568 .• NENn = nAYSKP + N06Y

569 IE (PllNTYP.NE.?) GO TO

= "»n NJFMr) = 7

'^'1 00 P4? .J=l ^d^

"^^ri OR ( I) ='/HLnG (4) -^HLOG (S) -iHjHPF ( J)

'^y. DPT ( J) =r)PMAx

' '=;''4 WST(,))=0.

S75 PRT (.)) =?9.9?1

=^76 TC ( !) =0.

^77 NTOr(J)=0

•=^78 ?4? COflTTNDE

•^79 ?41 00 740 MO=I.NEMO

"^80 NSKD=NP-OAYSKR

'=;c!l IE (PIINTYP.EO.?) GO 10

50? REAn(7) OH.ijPT.WBT.>«JST.PHT.TC.NTOC.LOAY. YEAP.MONTHiCITY

NHSLP-P''"" PAGE 1?

34d
NHbLn-PM'* PAr-,E n

N = Nn-nAYSKP

b84 IF (M.LT. 1 ) GO TO 740

SBS lNr)AY=()AYSKP + N

SH6 IF (lOFTAL.FU.O) GO TO ?S0

bH? WRITF (h*Shi)) N, INDAr, YtAP,M()NTH»LOAY

bHS WPTTF (6»HS0) MAMEPM

250 CONTINUE

<^Cin KnAY=WKDAY ( YE AP . MOMT H , LO A Y ) CALL HOLDAY ( YF AP » MONTH , LO A Y , K ij A Y » I HOL ) CALL OST (Yt:AP»M0NTH«LOAy«05TX«0SrY)

'=;o? insT=i

=^'^4 IF (PviONTH.LT .4) IOST = 0

'=""S 'IF (MONTH. Gl . 1 0) inST = 0

=;<56 IF (MONTH. NF, 4, OP. MONTH. NE. 10) GO fO ^hO

'=;'57 IF fMONTH.E0.4.ANU.LnAY.LT,OSrx) I:)Sf=()

598 IF (MONTH.EO. lO.AND.LOAY.GT.'lSrY) r:)SI=U

599 ?f>0 OSX = T()ST

600 JJ=1

601 IF (KOAY.EO. /.OP.KDAY.FQ. 1 ) J J=^

602 IF (IHOL.EO.l) JJ=^

603 ?6l IF (0IINTYP.F0.2) JJ=1

604 00 ?70 J=l»24

605 OLTTF ( J) =OLITOOOLITX (J.J J)

606 OEOHP (J) =(jEoPO<*()E0MX ( J. JJ)

607 27() CONTTNOE

608 IF (MONTH. tu, MOT) (-.0 TO 340

609 TG=TGV

610 IF(MnNTH.GT.5.AN0.M0!vlTH.LT. 10) ro=r(iS

611 M0T=M0NTH

612 S (^) =IFOAY (^^ONTH)

613 IF (PllNTYP.Ei).?) S ( 4 ) =ZhlOG ( -t

)

614 S(6)=inST

615 IF (^^UNTYP.FO.?) S(<b)=0.

616 S(7)=0.?

617 S ( « ) = 1 . 0 618 S(33)=l.

619 IF nnETAL.EO.O) GO TO 2H0

620 WRITF (6,1000)

621 ?80 CONTINUE

622 DO -»70 J = 1.NEXP

623 IF ( ITYPE (I ) .LT.5) GO TO 300

624 00 P90 J=l,24

625 QSIJM ( I , J) =0.

626 OGLAS (I , J) =).

627 290 OSKY(I,J)=0.

628 GO TO 360

629 300 WA7=A7W(1)

630 S(9)=WAZ

631 S(10)=90.

632 IF (ITYPE(I) .EO.l) S(10)=0.

N8SLD-PNC PAGE n

35d
NBSLn-PNC PAGE 14

633 IF ( TTYPE(I) .NE.3) GO TO 301

63A SHDX ( 1

) =SHAW ( I » 1

)

635 SHDX (?) =SHAW ( I , ?)

636 SHDX (3) =SHAi.i { 1 , 1)

637 SHPy (4) =SHAw ( I ,4)

638 SHDX (5) =SHAW ( I »S)

639 SHOX (6) =SHAW ( I ,6)

640 SHDv (7) =SHAw (IW)

641 SHDv (R) =SHAW (1*8)

642 SHRY (Q) =SHAW ( I »9)

643 SHDX ( ] 0) =SHfl V ( I 10)

644 SHDX ( 1 1

) =SHAW { I , 1 1

)

645 SHOx ( 1?) =SHAW ( I , 12)

646 SHDX ( 1 3) =SHAW (I , 13)

647 SHQy ( 14) =:SHAW ( I , 14)

648 SHDX (15)=SHAW(I,15)

649 301 CQNJTTMUE

650 00 ISO J=l »24

651 QSKY (I » J) =0.

- 653 T IMF=J

654 ; 5(5) =TIME

655 CALI SUN

656 SALT (J) =S (20)

657 "

IF (S(25) .GT.O. ) GO TO 310

658 : ~ OSUM( T » J) =0.

659 OGLA<=; ( I « J) =0.

660 GO TO 350

661 310 OSlJf' ( I * J) =S (25) ^»AHSP ( I ) 66? QGL^S ( I * J) =0.

663 PHI=S (21 )»Pl/lfiO.

664 . XO = S (?0) <^PI/180.

665 C0S7=SIN(X0)

666 IF(SHD(I) )311»311»312

667 312 SHDr(I,J)=0.

668 GO TO 345

669 311 SHDF(I.J)=1.

670 IF(SHDX(1)) 345»345»316

671 316 SHDX ( Ih) =S (9) <*PI/180.

672 CALL. SHADOW (SHDX*PHI ,COSZ«SriOF ( I » J) ) 673 345 CONTINUE

= 674 .IF(TTYPE(I) .NE.3) GO TO 346

675 IF ( TEXTSD.EfJ.O) GO TO 347

676 IF(MONTH.GE. lEXMS. AND. MONTH. LE. lEXME) bHUF(I.J)

677 347 CONTINUE

678 CALI GLASS (SHDF ( I * J) SHADE { I ) W . . 1 . .'JGLAS (I . J) ) 679 X. 346 CONTINUE

680 S34=S(?5)-S(26)-S(?7)

681 * OSU^i ( I J) = (S34«SHDF ( I . J) +S (2b) +S (27) ) <*AHbP ( I)

682 350 CONTINUE

683 360 IF ( IDETAL.NE.O) WPITF (6,930) I NBSLD-PNC PAGE 14

36d
MBSLD-PNC PAGE 1^

684 IF nOf^TAL.ME.O) WPITF (h^'^^O) { DbUTj ( 1 * J ) » J= I » 24 ) 685 IF (lOETAL .'\IE.0) iA^PITF (6*940) ( (J(-.L Ab ( I » J ) . J= J. • '^'4 ) 686 370 CONT INUE

687 00 TRO 1=1*NEXP

688 on 3R0 J=l»^4

689 PGLAS ( I * J) =UGLAS (I . J)

690 ^«0 PSUM ( I » J) =(JSUN ( T » J)

691 390 CONTINUE

692 IF (r-I.MF . 1 ) bO in 44 0 693 00 40 0 J=l»?4

694 DO 40 0 1=1 »MEXP

695 400 TOS f T -. J) =0R ( 24-J+ 1

) -r TM

696 00 410 J=25»4B

697 D£) 410 I = lv)EXP

698 410 ICS ( I * J) =ros ( I » j-?4)

699 00 4?0 I = l*'iEXP

700 00 420 J=l»4«

701 420 TIS (I "..D =0.

702 TA=TTM

703 00 430 J=l*4«

704 TMF '' ( J) =0 . 705 430 TATTTC(J)=U.

706 IF ( 'SSHPAE) 440*440*441

707 44] no 443 I = l*\iEXP

708 no /4 4? J=l*V^

709 44? T IS f T * J) =KM|JH5 ( 24- J + 1 ) - T IM

710 00 443 J=25.4H

711 443 TIS ( T * J) =TIS ( I * J-;^4)

712 00 444 1 1 = 1 « <f 713 HEATG( I I) =0.

714 HEATX (11)=').

715 HFATIS ( 11 ) ='1. 716 HLCr. (IT)=0

717 HLCv ( H ) =0

.

718 444 HI. rrs ( TI ) =0.

719 44 0 COMT INUF

720 E^'0 OF INIT [ ALI/AT lOM

721 TIMf- CALCUL A r I()^i HFbI''4S HF ^^F 722 00 ''.70 NK = J * 24

723 LLl =NK.GE. ISTAPT.ANO.MK .LF. ILE AVE

724 LL ?=NK . L T . I S T AR T . 0^ . NK . GT . T L F. A V t 725 IF(TTK.NF.O) GO TO 4S9

726 IF ( TTHST.NF. 1 ) GO TO 4S4

727 CALI TFMPSH (MO^tTH* JJ«rjK * wMi>/S * ^^^^0^^<i .H<MiJhWO* P'^OHSt.)* r A)

728 459 COMT INiJE

729 IF (QUNJTYP.NF:.?) GO TO 451

730 EOT -4. ' 731 ACHG=7P00M

{

732 CM=1.

733 GO TO 452

NRSLn-PNC PAGE 1^

37d
NflSLO-PMC PAGF

7 TZi 4t 1 WSTy=Wc;T (NK ) 7 T c: CAI 1 FO (WSTX«l,K()C»Kf)T«(l)

7 1

A

All? CHAmGF as a FUmCTIOm OF -HnIj -DHthi)

7 T 7 TDHi FN7 A^Jl) ArHFcJHAfH 14 AT aSHPA*-"

7 Tft !V C H - 0 . 1 S • 0 . (• 1 1 * I'' S 7 ( 1 nI K ) * n . t j 0 A H S ( u ( -jr\ ) - T A ) 7"^Q f . J

ACH''i = ACH->COi IS T 740 CM = rrM(5ALT(NK) «NT()C(MK) »TC( \'K) ) 74 1 4S? CFMI =>a ( 1 ) <>ACHG<>HT/Mt . +CFMIM

74P CFMI X=CFM|_

743 CFMu=CFMS

744 IF (1 1 1 ) GO TO 4 SI

CFMv/ = 0 . 7 / A ' ~ ' • ' 1 J •-f 747 *+ T 0 TF( 1 I.GT.1) CFM\/ = 0-

7 A O /. CT /, Pn K t T T M 1 if nn A 70 T - ) • 'IF t p

K|PP-Mp ( \ ) 7 1 ()^\ IM f T • NK ) =PSl )f J ( T • MK ) -^PM

7 R T OSK / { I «MK') =11. ir MTYPF"(T).FO 1) iJSKYfl.NKl^P.-ii-fl

I F ( HPP . L T . ) GO TOA

7S^ 00 A'^O MTT = ^»MPP

7t^ 7 A c: n TOYf^lTT)=T0'-l(I«^^n-l 1 7^0 f JO no 460 NTT = /:'»NPR

7'=;q r J " TO*; ( T

• ''^'TT ) =T0Y ( M f r ) 7f All r> U

A. 7 n COMT T Ki! IF 7fm I'll 00 c,^0 1 = 1* .itxp

76? MPp-f.)p ( f ) 761 tf(^«;hpaf.'"j1.0) tis(I«1)"Ta-tim

r O K = It'F ( 1 ) 7 A S 00 4M0 J= 1 » NWW

7 A A X ni i".< ( ) ) = X ( K « 1

)

7A7 Y| II I'/i ( ) ) = Y ( K « J ) 7AR /DOM ( J ) =7 ( K » J

)

7 AQ TOD" ( J) =TOS ( 1 » i) 7 7n TF (TTYl^Ff I) .EO.A.OP. 1 lYPi- ( f) .iriJ. 7) ] ' ){_\-\ ( J ) = T I S ( 1 » J ) 771 TF f T T YPF ( I ) . EO . S ) T MUM f J ) = r G- T I

M

77?

771 A*4 A0 n(J rOfjT T NUF

774 lJX=i 1 ( I ) 77c; TF" fH(r)) So 0« son •441)

7 7 A A*4 Qw n H ( I ) =F(JT - , ( 777 f f f PX = 1 ./iJT (I)+1./(HI(I) +Hk)

PXX=PX* 1 ./H ( I

)

77Q IJ ( T ) =1 ./PXX

7fln UX=1 ./PX

7fll COMT TNUC

781 . 1 A()EMnW = ARS (UENOW ) 7fl? IF ( ITYPF ( I) .Etm . A^JO. Ai)ENi)'»i.GT . ] .t -S) GO TO SIO

NRSLO-PNC PAGE 1^

38d
NflSLn-PNC PAGE 17

783 rn 5 ^0 784 q 1 0 ATCArG=ATPCHb''*a [PNT

785 IF (M 1) ATC ACG = A IWCHG

786 TAi 1 ATTir (xnM'>'i«Yr)ijM,7i)iiM,rK( 1 1 •Mwrv.iix.Hi i > ,iJr-<(iJK) .um iti (i.isiKi.ijSKVfT."*,

787 l\IK^ .TnilM,TATTTr,rf\)F;A/f),rA«TTM« JH't-i), jtvt- l .ijUf ! ) •1)1 ( I ) •lif-Milw.iirFI Mr;.AHLi

788

78Q nn c:pn 1=1, mpr

790 TMFli' 1 1 1 =TI )1 IM ( n

7Q 1 ^ c u 79? GO TO S S fl 793 530 fOiJT T NUE

794 ,01 IF(TTYPF(I1 .f0.1.ANJi).AilFi\ll")ii'J.(iT.l.|--S) rt-!^iAf=rA-iJl ( 1 )/llfFI Nid 794 .0? 1 "^6 3 FOP'^ATi' Al HO(tR'«lS,» AiriC [tMPhi'/ilUKH = 794 ,03 H I 4«=:H ( I ) 794 ,04 I F ( '>|HA Y , MF , 1 ) GO To 90lW

794 ,05 jp ( y jYPf ( [ ) . ] ) {~Q JQ -idO'-' 794 , 06 I F ( 'inMTH , LE . 4 , OP . fiON fH . GE » 1 0 ) GO Fo 794 ,07 (JSKYfT,NK)=(JSKY(T»NK)+n.,^-''-(nH(rJK)-j\i-iT(;\IK) )<''fi^.4-^ l.S/lrJ

794 .08 irfMK.GF.7.ANn.MK.IE.?ri) OS'lv([«MK)=(i.

794 ,09 IF (''!K,(iE«7«AND.NK.L£.?0) OSKY ( i «'^JK) =0,

794 , 1 TKfMK IF \' 's,V"l(-F 7.ANJ0 MK.lF Pfl) HrH>-(=(r-l(l)-^:-il il'>>— '.',Vt"i i)/^4)/((l / \ U,Uc-^^'',.)S-ii-HMll il\l/^

794 , 1 1 GO TD 90n9

794 1 ? 9 0 0 H

7Q4 1 4 Q f) Q 794 . 15

794 , ) f, FORM & T M SF 8 - 1 ) 795

796 SI IN f T • f'JK ) » OSK Y ! I » ) » T f)i,iM , f 1 « I mE wi'J • 1 A 1 T Emp < ) 797 00 S40 j=i»''jwk

79R 540 TO*^ ( T J ) =TOi IM ( , 1

)

799 5'^0 rOM T T NOF

800 QOrPS(r'K)=Q!)COP(NK«JJ)''''10,'>>(llU),-! Aj'-fiJCO

80 1 QGCOL=l 0 ( TA-60 . ) -^OOCIIP (NK < J J) ^OL' i 80? If fTA-10 0.) 57ri«56U»560

30 3 S60

304 Q Q D [ = 4 0 0 • 0 0 C 1 1 P ( f 4 K » J J ) o r 0

805 GO TO 590

80 6 5 70 lf(Tt-hS,) b8C»590»590

807 580 QOr°S ( ) =350 , -^fJOCl IP ( MK f J J ) '•1 JCO 808 OOCPI =S0.*0OClJP(NK,JJ)-i>(jCll

809 590 00 f- PO I = I « MEXP

810 nrr=np ( I

)

81 1 TF ("'PR,!.!,?) GO TO fePQ 8 1 ? 00 '^OO NTT = ?«N9P

813 TOY (r«!TT)=TIS ( I.MTT-1 ) 814 ;)0 610 NTT = P,MPR

815 610 TIS(I«MTT)=TOY(NTT)

816 6?0 CONT TNoE

817 IF(ASHPAEt 16?1 , 16?1 ,6^;^

MBSL.O-PNC PAGE 17
NRSLO-PNC PAGE' ]f<

8 1 R 6??

R 1 Q

8 ?0

R P6? T rOMT T Ml IF o c, HF ATT, ( 1 ) =HF a T (t ( ? ) 8?S HE * TG ( ? ) =(J5t JMG

9?6

8?7

MKk — MK— 1

ft 1 1 ^-^F^TTC:(p\— ni TTFfMKK'i

ftn T,1 ? nui- i"' '

1 > —~\-\^'^ \ c 1 81?

834 HI r T ( 1 ) =:HL r I s ( ?

)

8 3S I ^ — I 83^ CALI PMKT (H^^. ATG«HLCo«HFATX«HLCX*HEATiS'»HLCiS» IW» IL^PC*

837 Ol- = HLC(-> ( ?) HLC'f (?) HLf I S (?) •* 1 . <J8-"CF"lE'<* ( UH ( ) - T A ) 3 38 QGAT\' = '-'EATG(?) HEATK(?) mFaTIS(?)

839 (JL = -OI. 840 GO TO 6?4

841 . - 1 6 ? 1 COf\|T I KiOE

84? 00 1 6?3 1=1 <NFXP

843 H I ( J

) =0 , 54?

844 HTF<:T=riS(I«l)

84S IF{T,NF.l) GO TO lf^?4

84^ JP(^Tp;^^) l6?5»l6?S»16?b

84 7 "L V 1 / — V • f If 848 (^1) TO 1 6? 3 849 1 6?6 H T ( 1 ) = 0 . 1 6 ? 850 GO TO 1 6?

85 1 TFfT MF.MFXP) go to 1^.P3

8R? o r> c TF^MTF^T) 16?7.1h?7.16?H

8mo J 1 A P 7 HT ^^(FXP) - 0. 16?

8S4 OO TO 1 6? 3 855 H T ( mF X P ) =0 . 7 1

85fi 1 AP 1 r 0 M T T 1 1 f

857 I F ( MTVf it . EG , 0 ) GO TO 1630

858 I F ( n« ( NK ) -OHVM AX ) 1 6 3? « 1 h30 » 1 630

859 1632 T p / T A-fiHVM I "J ) 1 630 • 1 6 30 * 1 6 3 1 860 1631 I F f II . GT . 1 ) GO TO 16^3

B61 F ( ( 1- 1 ) GO ru 1630

1 A 1 IF(OI in)l636«1^<0.1Mn

863 , 1636 CFMi =CFMLX+CFMNT

864 16 30 CONTINUE

865 V ( 1

) =TV

866 IF (MVENT.NE.O) V{1)=0R('\IK)

867 \J {?) =CFML

NRSLO-PNC PAGE !«

40d
NBSLD-PNC PAGE IQ

868 V(3)=0.

860 ir(M\/EMT.NE.O) V(J)=CFMV

870 V(4)=Ft^AS

871 V(5)=FLCG

87? V(6)=TIM

873 V(7^=0CMAX

874 V(fl)=QHMAX

875 IF ( I I.GT . 1 ) GO TO 16^4

876 IFd.L?) GO ro 1634

877 \/(0)=TUL

878 V(lr)=TLL

879 GO TO 1635

880 1634 V(9>=RM0HS0

881 V ( 1 n ) =RMnBW()

88? 163S CONTINUE

883 V(in=TA . 884 V(1?)=FRAS

885 V(13)=HR

886 . V < 1 4) =METHO()

887 CALI RMTMK ( V» T I F»(JL » TA» '^JFXP, WK , I TK ) 888 6?4 CALI PS Y ? ( OH ( NK ) » IJPJ ( ) » PM I ( NK ) , W H [

( iMK ) » P V 0 » w A H A , V A , hH A ) 889 PL AT (NK ) =-QOCPL<*-ZN0RM

890 WV = iwfl 891 OOCDL=OOCPL/106n.

892 IF(OL) 1645.1645*1646

893 1645 RHIM=PHS

894 GO TO 1647

895 1646 RHI^'=PH^^/

895.1 IF (TA.GT.RMijHS ( 1 ?) ) GO 70 1640

895.? IF (TA.LI .RMOMW ( 1 ?) ) GO 10 16-^0

896 1647 CONTINUE

897 CALI nHRH(TA»RHlN»WlN)

898 IF ( '"^RS (OL ) -1 . ) 1640* 1^40.640

899 1640 CONTINUE

900 WIN- (4.5<^CFML^*WA(0OCPL ) /4.5/CK?^L

901 6?7 P\/I=PR«WIN/ (0.6?? + WlN)

90? RHlM=100.*Py/I/PV5F ( TA)

90?. 1 IF (RHIN.GT. 1 00. ) RHlN=100.

903 640 CONTINUE

904 CALnR(NK)=TA

905 CALCH (NK) =RhIN

90 6 AIPI AKNK ) =4.5<*CFML^ ( W IN-W A ) ^M U60 . --^/i^lORM

90 7 RALO (NK ) =OLITE ( NK ) ^i-FLCG^^/'t^OWM

908 RAS^L (NK) = (OLITF (NK) +OEOOP (NK) ) ^:7,m()kM

909 AIRl K (NK ) = I . 08<i- (CFML+fFMV) <^ ( I A -OR Cm ) ) ^'/iNJORM

910 OSOL {NK)=PSUN(1 .NK)

91 1 QL ATNT= (4.5-»-CFM| « ( W I N-'V A ) + 4 . S->CF M V -i* ( .V I N- W \/ ) -uOCPU 1 0 . 91? IF (QUNTYP.EiJ.?) GO 10 64 1 913 IF ( A«^HRAE.EO.O) GO TO 641

914 CALL A0JU5T (IJL.OLATNT.MONTH.NK. JJ)

NBSLD-PNC PAGE IQ

4 Id
NBSLO-PNC PAGE 21 PAGE 20 NBSLD-PNC

915 641 CONTINUE

916 QL=nL*l .08»CFMV»(TA-DP(NK)

)

917 QLS (NK) =0L<*2N0RM 918 QLL (NK) =QLATNT»ZNORM

919 IF(ARS(OLS(NK) )-|.)64?.642.643

920 642 OLL(NK)=0.

921 643 CONTINUE

922' IF(flillENOW.LT.l.E-B) GO TO 1147 923 6S0 NRR=NR(1)

924 " ' ' 00 (^60 J=l .NRR 925 660 TOS ( 1 • J) =TNEW ( J) 925.01 1147 IF(PUNTYP.NE.2.nR.NU.LT. 7) GO TO blO 925.02 * WRITE(6. 1562) 925.03 1562 FORMAT ( • HOUR TYPE SURFACE CONSIRUCT ANGLE FLUX AREA LOAD PER CENT' 925.04 QPTOT=0. 925.05 DO <^910 I = 1.NEXP 925.06 ^ OBH = 0. 925.07 IFdTYPEd) .LE.5.0R.ITYPE(I) .EQ.rt) iJHh)=ij I ( I) "A ( I) 925.08 IF ( ITYPE ( I) .EO. 3) Q8B=-aGL AS (I . NK ) » A ( 1 ) 4-088 925.09 0Z=0RR/A(I)

925.1 0PTOT=OPTOI+0fiR 925.11 » WRITE (6. 1561 ) NK . 1 T YPE ( I ) . I RF ( I ) . AZ W { I ) , IJZ . A ( 1 ) » UHB . (JSUN < I . NK, ) , USK Y ( I , NK ) . OGL AS ( I . NK

)

925.12 1561 FORMaT(3I10.7F12.3)

.: 925.13 «910 CONTINUE

925.14 0PTnT=OPT0T-QOCPS (NK) -OEOUP (NK) -ijLI It (NK) 925.15 IF ( ITYPE ( I) .EO. 1 . AND.AUENOW.GT. 1 .t-S) tJK 1 TE ( 6. 1 bfa3 ) NK.TEMAT 925.16 * WRITE (6. 1564) QPTOT 925.17 1564 FORMAT ( ' OTOT = '.E16.8) 926 670 CCiNTTNUE 927 IF (RUNTYP.EU.2.AND.N0.LT.7) GO TO ItO 928 OLM«X=ABS (OLS ( 1 )

)

929 NMAX=1

930 „ ., TSU"'=0. 931 -' •

' QLI1<5UM = 0. 932 CLDAY=0.

933 . HLD«Y=0.

934 DO 7?0 NK=1.24

935 IF (0LMAX-A8S ((JLS (NK) ) ) ftBCft^JOiftyo 936 680 OLMAX=AHS(OLS(NK)

)

937 ' NMAX=NK

938 GO TO 690 939 690 CONTINUE

940 TSUM=TSUM+U8(NK)

941 ; • QLn<;UM=QLDSUM*OLS(NK) QLL(NK)

942 QLOS=OLS (NK) »OLL (NK) 943 IF (OLDS) 700.700»710

944 700 CLDAY = CLOAY*IJLDS 945 GO TO 720 946 710 HLD«Y=HLDAY+OLDS

947 720 CONTINUE NBSLD-PNC PAGE 20 PAGE 20 NBSLU-PNC

42 d
NBSLD-PNC PAGE 21 948 TCLLO=TCLLD*CLDAY

949 THTLD=THTLD*HLDAY

950 0BA=TSUM/24.

951 0LM4X=0LS (NMAX) QLL (NMAX)

952 IF (PtJNTYP.EQ.2) N=l

953 i'f(M.GT.I) go to 722

954 WRITF(6,760) NANIERM 955 722 CONTINUE

956 WRITF(6»770) MONTH , LO AY » NM A X , QLMAX , CLUAY » MLD A Y » UBA

956.1 IF (NID.EQ.NEND) WRITE(6,874)

957 IF (RIINTYP.NE.2) GO TO 721

957.1 IF (Mn.NE.NEMD) WRITE(6.a74)

958 WRITF(6»780) YE AR » MONTH . LD A

Y

959 WRITF (6»871

)

960 871 FORMAT (//• TIME DHOUT wriUUT OrilN KHIN * 961 OLS OLl • ) 962 DO «72 J=lf24

963 872 WRITF (6» 873) J»nB(J) .WBT (J) .CALDH(J) .CALHH(J) ,(JLS(J) ,ULL(J)

964 873 FORMAT<I10»4F10.1»2F]0.0)

965 WRITF (6«874)

966 874 FOPMAT(///)

967 721 CONTINUE

968 IF (IDETAL.EQ.O) GO TO 730

969 WRITF (6,1020) DBA.QLDSlJM

970 WRITF (6,1030) CLDAY.HLOAY

971 WRITE (6,1040) N, TCLLn,N,THTLD

972 730 CONTINUE

973 IF (TAPE2.EIJ.0) GO TO 740

974 WRITF (TAPE 2) N AMERM , MONTH , LO A / » OH , UP T , WH I , T , PBT , TC , NTOC , CALD8, C%

975 ALRM,QLS,(JLL»D8A,CL0AY,HLnAY,TCLLU, THTLU,lJLITE,UEOUP,0S0L»UOCPS, AIRLK

976 WRITF ( 1 0) QLS,PLAT , AIRLAT,DR,DPT,CALDH,RALD,HASEL

977 740 CONTINUE

978 CL.O<^UM = CLDSUM*TCLLn

979 HLO';UM = HLDSUM + THTLD

980 WRITE (6, 1050) IJKLMN,CLIJSUM, IJKLMN,HLDbUM

981 REWTMO 7 982 750 CONTINUE

983 END FILE TAPE?

98^ END FILE 10 985 STOP

986 * 987 * 988

989 760 FOR'^AT(///« ROOM NaMF= •4A4////' MONTH DAY MHK * 990 OL MAX CLOAY HLDAY DMA')

991 770 FOR'^'AT (3IlO,3F10.0,F10. 1) 992 780 FORMAT (• YEAR =i,I5,» <nnnnt MONTH =',I3,' DAY =»,I3/)

993 790 FORMAT (8H ROOMNO, 6X 'H r • ,6X » Ab« , JX 'NOFLH • ,SX MjCU • ,2X • ARCHGS ' ,2X • A*

994 RCHGWi)

995 800 FORMAT ( 15F8. 1

)

NBSLD-PNC PAGE 21

43d
NBSLD-PNC PAGE ??

996 810 FORMAT (5X «LAT ' .4X 'LONG • »5X • TZN • » 31, • ZNOPM ' ) 997 820 FORMAT (3X "(JLITY • » 3X "OE'JPX • ,4X ' CFMV •»^X»UHIN«»6X'TG««6X»TV»» 4X 'DPI*

998 N«

)

999 830 FORMAT (/• UEMDW UCFLNG AENDW ATCHT')

] 000 840 FORMAT (6X, 'NEXP • « 7X, • ITK • , SX t

• I THST • /3 (HX , I 2) ) 1001 8S0 FOR'^AT (IH ,bA6)

1002 860 FORMAT (• CLIMATIC DATA FOP DAY=',lb/« DAYS ELAPSED SINCE JAN 1

1 003 • . 15 ,« YFAR=»»I5.« M0NTH=»,I5,» [)Ay = ».I5)

1 004 870 FORMAT (• DH»/2( 12Fin.2/) ' wHT » /? ( 1 Pr' 1 0 . ^/ ) ' C ALDH • Z/' ( 1 2F 1 0 . 2/ )

i

1 005 ALRH • /2 ( 1 ?F1 0 .2/) ' SFNSIriLF LOAD • /2 ( 1 2K I 0 . 0/ )

• LATENT L0aD»/2(12

1006 FIO.O/))

1007 880 FORMAT (10 17)

1008 890 FOOt'AT (1017)

10 09 900 F0R^•4T (10F7.0)

1010 910 FOR^'AT (1X,9A4)

1010.1 '^l 1 FORMAT (9A4)

1011 920 FORMAT (I3» 3I10»BE10.2)

10 12 Ij'i V 930 FORMAT (UOtFlO.O)

1013 940 FORMAT (24F5.0)

1014 9S0 FORMAT (• StJPFACF NO ITYPt IHT IRK AHSP*

1 0 lA. 1

IJ H»»9*

1 OlS X,M«9X,»WAZ»5X,»SHADFtHX,«IIT«HX,«Hl»)

1016 9(^0 FORMAT (// • SHADOW CASTIN(-. DATA'/' FL*

1017 HT FP AW H^L HaiP D t-Pl* 1018 Al HI CI FP? A2 H2 C^")

1019 970 FORMAT (///' RAf)IATION INTEpChaNGE FACfUPS')

1 020 9R0 FORMAT (• SURFACE 12 3 4 1021 5 6 7 H 9 10')

10 22 QQO F0RM4T (I 10» 10F)0.3)

10 23 ' '

' 3 1 1 000 FORMAT (• SOLAR DATA ( DSUM/UbL ASS ) '

)

1 0 24 1010 FORMAT (' '/' ') 102S 1020 FORMAT (' DhA ='.Fh.?/' DLDSUf^ ='»Flii.O//)

1 026 1030 FORMAT {• TOTAL CODLING CONSUMPTJON PE^; uAY = • . I- 1 0 . 0 » ' Hfu'/ ' TdfASf,

1 027 L HEATlrjG CONSUMPTION PEP OAY ='.F]0.0,« ulU')

1028 1040 FORN'AT (' T'lTAL COOLING CONSUMPTIOiv EUR TmE PDOM i.jVEr^ THE '» 13, '

1 029 DAY 1PERIOn =',E11.5»' BTt)'/' TOTAL HEATING CONSUMPTION POP THE P(JU

1 030 M OVFP THF '.n** DAY PERIOD =«.En.5»» HTU»)

1031 1 050 FORMAT (' TOTAL COOLING CONSUMPTION FUR '.I2»' h'DDMS =»»E11. 5» • HTSf,

1 032 U«/» TOTAI HEATiNd CONSUMPTION FOR ',1?,' kOOMS =',£ll.h,' HTU')

1033 1051 FORmaT(///' CONGRATULATIONS!! 'MOw iTDM APE ON NHSLD')

1034 1052 FORMAT (/' iVE ASSUME YOU HAVE ALPLApr PkEPARED THt IJATA')

1035 1053 FORMAT (' O'i NHS DAI A FORMS.. IF YUU HA\/F I'JuTt PLEASE TURN UEF ' )

1 036 1 054 FORMAT (' THE TFRMTN4L AND HAV/E Y(JDR LjAIA PEAI'Y ON IHE DATA FORMS •

)

10 37 END

NBSLD-PNC PAGE 22

44d
OUTSID-PNC PAGE 1

1 SURPOUTINE UUTSrO ( X , Y . Z » Ci^ » UX , FO « Oh T I M , UO , U I . USUN (JSK Y » TO f T I , TUN*

? FW,Ta« ITEI^P»NR)

3 OIMFMSION TO ( 1 ) »T I ( 1 ) ,X ( 1 ) , Y ( 1 ) , Z ( 1) 4 XNnM=OSUN-QSKY + FO« (0^^-TIM)

5 TF(NR.NE.I) GO TO bO

6 in IF (FO) 20»^?0»T0

7 ?n TOrs|Fi'i = TO ( 1

)

R GO TO aO

.9 30 TA^^ = TA-TIM

10 TONrw= (XNUi>^ + UX<^TAM) / <1JX + F0)

11 40 CONTTNDE

12 QO=tix«- (TAM-rUNEW)

13 IF. ( ITtMP.E'J.O) 01=00

14 TO ( 1 ) =rONE>A/

15 GO TO tJO 16 sn suM7=n.

17 Sl)MY = Y ( 1 ) »T [ ( 1 )

1 S SllMy=X ( 1 ) <>T I ( 1 ) 19 SIIM¥Y = 0. ?o no ^1) j=?,Ni-> 21 SlJMY=SnMY*Y( J)*T1 (J)

?2 SllMy=SliMX+X ( J) <*Tr (J)

23 SIIMVY = SUMXY + Y ( J) «T0 U)

24 60 SUM7=Si)M7*Z ( J) »T(J ( J)

25 Xrjli>-' = St)MY-S'JMZ*C:-^-»00 + XNilM 26 TOMrv; = XNJIlM/ (Z ( ) ) +r 0)

27 IF(FO) 70»7(i»^0

28 70 T0Nrw=T0(l)

29 RO T0(n=TONEwl I 30 Sl)M7=SilM7*Z ( 1) *>T0 ( I) 31 SIIMy Y = SUMXY + Y ( 1 ) «T0 ( 1 ) 32 00 = '^IIN'Y-SOMZ + CP»QO

33 IF ( TTI- MP.E'J.O) Ol=SllMX-SU.'(XY + CW<>Ol 33.1 90 CONTT^dE

34 RFTiiPM

35 F^lr)

OUTSTD-PNC PAGE 1

45d
PSYl-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBROUTIMF^ PSYl (DH,WH,PH«DP,PV»W«H,V»RH)

2 PVP=PVSF(WP)

3 IF (DB-WR) 30«30*10

4 10 WSTaR = 0.622^PV/P/ (PH-PVP)

5 IF (WR-32.) 20.?0«40

6 20 PV=PVP-5.704E-Ai>PH<*(0B-WH)/l.8

7 GO TO SO

8 30 PV=PVP

9 GO TO SO

10 40 CDB= (DR-32. ) /I .8

11 . CWR=(WP-3?. ) /I .8

12v '-^ HL=SQ7.31 0.^409**COH-CWB

14 FX= (WSTAR-CH<» (COB-Ca/R) /hL) /0.6??

15 PV=nRi^FX/ ( 1 .+EX)

.16 50 W = 0.<^?^^-^PV/ (RB-PV)

17 V = 0.75A^^(DR^^59. n^*(l + 7000<*-W/43bO)/PB

18 H = n . ?4<*DR* ( 1061 +0 •44^<»DB) -i^W

- 18.1 IF(PV.LE.n) GO TO 60

18.2 IF(DR.NE.wR) 60 TO 70

18.3 OP=DR

18.4 PH=1.

18.5 GO TO 6n

18.6 - 70 CONTINUE

19 OP=nPF (PV)

2,0 RH = P\//PVSF (IJB)

.21 60 RETURN

22 END

PSYl-PNC PAGE 1

46d
PSYP-PNC PAGE 1

1 SIJRPOUTINE PSY? ( OH » OP , PH WH , P V » W » H , V , h«H

)

2 . » THIS qilfii^Olir INE CALCULATES THE FOLLOWINGS WHEN UWY-riULH TEMPEWATUHE

3 * (OR) .PFW-POINT TEMPEwArUWE (OP) « AND HAMOMElKiC P^^FSSUPE (PH) AKE GIVEN

4 * WR MFT-HULri IFMPEKAIJPE

5 * W MIIMIDITY KATIO

.6 * H FNTHALPY

7 % V VOLUME

8 * PV VflPOP PRFSSDRE

9 * PH DFL4TIVE HUMIOITY

10 IF (OP-OH) i^OflOtlO

11 10 DP=OR

IP ?0 PV=nvSK(OP)

13 PV="VSK(OP)

14 PVS=P\/SF (OH)

15 RH=oV/PVS

16 jJ = 0.f^??»PV/ (PR-PV)

17 V = 0 . 754* (Uri + ^SM.7)-«-(l + 70O0<>«//<+3b0)/PH

1« H = 0.?4«UH+ ( 1061+0. 4i»4«0H)<*'^

19 IF (H) 30*30 • 40

?0 30 WR=nP

21 RFTURN

22 40 WH = i'iOF (H,PH)

23 RFTUR^

24 ENO

PSY2-PNC PAGE 1

47d
PV5F-PNC PAGE 1

1 niNrnoN PVSF (X) 2 DIMFNSION A (6) /- 7 . 90 ?t)H , 5 . 0 ?rtO 8 » - 1 . irtlbf.-7» 1 1 .B^^^fB, 1 32Ht- J , -3 . 49 1*

.3. 49/, R(4)/-Q. 09718, -3. 56654,0. 876793, 0.0060«'/3/,P(4)

' 4" ' ' T= ( V+459.68H) /I .8

5. IF (T.LT. 273. 16) GO TO 10 6 Z=373.16/T

;7 . P ( 1) =A ( 1 ) (^-1 ) 8 P (?) =A (?) «LOG10 (Z)

9 . . Zl=rt (4) * ( 1-l/Z)

10 P(3)=A(3)»( 10<**Z1-1)

1-1 : Zl=fl (6) » (Z-1 ) 1,2 P (4) =A (5) « ( 10«»Z1-1

)

13. ' - GO TO ?0

14 in Z=?73.16/T

1*5 P ( 1 ) =8 ( 1 ) * (Z-1 ) 16 P (2) =H (2) *L0G1 0 ( Z) 17 P (3) =B ( 3) « ( 1-1/Z)

18 P (4) =L0G1 0 (H (4)

)

19 20 SIIM = 0

2.0 no ''O 1 = 1,4

21 30 SIJM = SUM + P ( I ) 2? PV5'^ = 29.921'^ 10«<»SUM

23 PFTiiRN

24 ENin

PVSF-PNC ' PAGE )

48d
RESFNW-PNC PAGE 1

1 SURPOUTINE RESF ( XX » YY » ZZ . IRUN)

2 « THI<; PROGRAM IS OEVELOPEQ HY T.KUSUDA OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF

3 » STAMDARDS FOR CALCULTING THE THERMAL RESPONSE FACTORS FOR

4 % COMPOSITE WALLS»FLOORS»ROOFS»BASEM£NT WALLS BASEMENT FLOORS

5 * AND INTERNAL FURNISHINGS OF SIMPLE SHAPES

6 % RESPONSE FACTORS ARE USED IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER

7 * X,Y,7 ARE RESPONSE FACTORS

8 * QI=X»TI-Y*TO*GMA INSIDE WHERE R IS MINIMUM

9 % QO=Y»TI-Z*TO OUTSIDE WHERE R IS MAXIMUM

10 * TI INSIDE TEmPERaRURE WHERE R IS MINIMUM

11 * TO OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE WHERE R IS MAXIMUM

1? * K THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

13 % G THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY

\U % L THICKNESS

15 % IN=0 FINITE THICK WALL

16 * IN=1 SEMI-FINITE WALL

17 * IM=2 SOLID OBJECT

18 <?. IF RE-^PONSE KACTORS OF THE SOLIU CYLINDER OR SPHERE OF HOMOGENEOUS

19 % PROPFTY ARE DESIRED* TREAT THE PROBLEM OF MULTILAYER BUT WITH THE

20 % IDENTICAL PROPERTIES FOR ALL THE LAYERS EXCEPT THE R.AuIUS

21 REAL K ( 10) G( 10) »L ( 10) .KG

?2 DIMFNSION X < 100) » Y ( 100 ) «Z ( 100) »C ( 10 ) .U ( 10) .RES (10) .RMK (10.6)

23 DIMENSION RMKG(6) .F(IOO) fXXdOO.l) .YiTdOO.l) .ZZdOO.l) ,FF(100.20)

24 DFLTAT=1.

25 IRUM=0

25.1 IN=0

25.2 wRITE(6.?4l)

25.3 241 FORMATC DATA SHEET NO 6 N/L . K , P . C . R • ) 26 20 READ(5.») NLAYR

27 IF (NLAYR. EO.O) GO TO 200

28 IRUm=TpuN*1

29 IF (ML AYR.GT . 10) GO TO 200

30 NNL AYR = NLAY:^* 1 31 IF (MLAYR.E^O.O) GO TO ^0

32 00 m 1=1, NLAYR

33 30 REAn (5,«) L ( I ) . K ( I ) . 0 ( I ) . C ( I ) , RFS ( I

)

33.1 WRITE (6.2':*2)

33.2 242 FORMATC DATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION UF EACH LAYER')

34 IF (IN.E0.2) 60 TO 50

35 % READ K.RHO. AND C OF GROUND IF IN=1

36 % FOLLOWINGS ARE GROUND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, DENSITY AND SP. HF IF 37 * IN=?, OTHERWISE THE SAME PROPERTIES uF ThE INTERNAL SLAB

38 40 IF (TN.NE.O) READ (5,») KG,DG,CG

39 *, AG THE'^MAL DIFFUSlVlTY OF EARTH

40 IF (IN.NE.O) AG=KG/CG/DG

41 IF (MLAYR.EU.O) GO TO 100

42 IF (TN.E0.2) READ (5,330) (RMKG ( J) , J=l ,4)

43 50 DO kO 1=1, NLAYR

44 60 REA^ (S.330) ( RMK ( I , J ) , J= 1 , i+

)

45 IF (IN.EO.l) READ (5,330) (RMKG ( J) , J=l ,4)

RESFNW-PNC PAGE 1

49d
RESFNW-PNC PAGE ?

46 DO QO 1=1 tNLAYR

47 IF (L (I ) ) 80*70»B0

48 70 G(I)=0.

49 K ( I) =1 ./RES ( I

)

50 GO TO 90

SI 80 G{n=K(l)/C( I) /[)(!)

52 90 CONTINUE

53 100 CONTINUE

54 CALL RESPTK (K » L * G« AG * KG*

X

*Y*Z*NLAYR *DELTAr*NRT*CR*UT*lN F)

55 WRITE (6*220) IRUN

56 WRITE (6*350)

57 WRITE (6*250)

58 WRITE (6,260)

59 WRITE (6*210)

60 IF (NLAYR.EO.O) GO TO 130

61 IF (TN,E0.2) WRITE (6*360) KG*OG*CG. (RMKG( J) * J=l *4)

6? DO 120 I=1*NLAYR

63 IF (L(I)) 120*110*120

64 110 K ( I

) =0.

65 120 WRITE (6*270) I*L(I)*K(I)* 1) ( 1 ) *C ( I ) » REb ( I ) * (RmK ( I * J)J=1 *6)

66 IF (IN.EO.l) WRITE (6*360) KG»Ob*CG* (R.^^KG ( J) * J=l ,6)

67 ' 130 WRITE (6*290) DFLTAT

68 WRITE (6*280) UT

69 WRITF (6*300)

70 WRITE (6*210)

71 IF (IN.NE.O) GO TO 150

72 WRITE (6*310)

73 XX ( 1 * IRUN) =FLOAT (NRT)

74 YY ( 1 * IRUN) =FLOAT (NRT

)

75 ZZ ( 1 * IRUN) =FLOAT (NR 1

)

76 XX (2, IRUN) =CR

77 YY (?* IRUN) =CR

78 ZZ (?* IRUN) =CR

79 XX (MRT + 3* IRUN) =1 IT 80 DO 140 N=1*NRT

81 : V . J V ci i vjiii ', XX (M*2* IRUN) -X (N)

82 YY {N+2* IRUN) =Y (N)

83 ZZ (M+2* IRUN) =Z (N)

84 JN=M-1

85 140 WRITE (6*320) JN*X(N)*Y(N) «Z (N)

86 GO TO 190

87 150 WRITF (6*370)

88 IF ( IN.EO. 1 ) GO TO 170

89 IF ( IN.EO. 2) GO TO 1 70

90 XX ( 1 * IRUN) =FLOAT (NRT)

91 XX ( ?* IRUN) =C«

92 XX (MRT*3* IRUN) =UT

93 DO 160 N=1,NRI

94 JN=N-1

95 X (N) =-X (N)

RESFNW-PNC PAGE P

50d
RESFNW-PNC PAGE ^

YVAA /('^•cf Ktx7. TDIlMl IKUfN; —— AY /M\ ilM/ Q7 1 An QR /^n TH 1 QA

QQ 1I 7nt \J 100

1 n 1 1lUcft p 1 Qn

1 U J FFM-TWIIM1=FI ^'^T(^lRTi

1 AA C C" 1 T D 1 IKI t — U

1 nc 103 C C / \iT}T ^ 'i ^ TUliiM^— IIT

1 Oo 1 OA ] so

1 0 f WKlTr \ n 9 C 1 *) f

1 OH

1 oy vjU T')

1 1 n O A A D C" T 1 lOM 111 ill

11? %

%

114 ? 1 n FORMAT ( PHO ) 1 15 220 FORivIAT ('1 I^<'F='I10)

lift 230 FOP''' AT (10 1 f) 117 240 FOPmaT ( 1 OF / . 0

)

118 250 FOOmAT (77HiI LAYEh? L(T) K ( I ) ( I ) C ( I ) RES (

119 J

)

DF^rn TPT 1 ON )

1 PO 260 FOR'^AT (77H NO <^ 121 OF L'^YE'-'S ) 1 ?? 270 ri/r^'iiji XiXU^xi ii*~JVir 'VI' 1 F 1 0 . ^•IFH./J«?X«hA^)

123 FOR'^AT (S9H0 iHt^^MAL CUNOUCTANCH ^

1 Pit 1 IT =

1

1ICO -J 1/ U

11 ?7C f Tin

1 CO 7

130 320 FOR'^AT ( 1 I 1 7, 1F?3.4»^F1 S.4)

131 330 FORMAT (6A4)

132 140 FOR'^AT (44H0 COMMON PAIIO C^'=1F7,S)

133 350 FORMAT (SOHO WALL COMPOSITION ) 134 3ft0 POP" AT ( IF? 7,3, lFiO.2^ IF 1 0,3» lux. 6 'W

)

135 370 FOP'^AT (SOHO J F > 136 3fl0 FORMAT ( 1 1?4» 1F?1 .S)

137

RESFNW-PNC PAGE "<

5 Id
RESFX-PNC PflGF 1

10 SUWPOUTINE WESFX ( X « Y » Z » X X , YY » ZZ » , CK .UT » MEXP

)

- " 1.1 f)IMrMSION XX (100« 10) «YY ( ino» 10) «ZZ ( 100» 10)

12 . njMrhJSION X ( 1 0 . 1 00) » Y ( 1 0« lOvO) » Z ( 1 0 » 1 00 ) »NW ( 1 0) iC.iv ( 10 ) ,UT ( 1 0 )

•' 13 TEST = 1 .E-6

, 14 . no 1 n K=i , 1

0

;i5 DO 1 0 J=l « 100

. 16 XX ( l.K ) =0

1'7 YY ( l.K ) =0

18 10 Z7( I.K)=0

19 CALI PESF (XX,YY»ZZ. IPtiN)

20 DO 10 K = l.lNltXP 21 - I=K 21.1 IE ( YY (S.K) ) 1 0 1 . 101 . 1 02

21.2 101 YY(l,K)=f..

21.3 YY(^.K)=n.

21.*^ YY(5.K)=n,

21. S 102 CONJTlMilt

?2 IF (K.GT.IP'JN) (.0 TO 30 23 X ( T , 1) =XX ( 3,i<)

24 Y ( T , 1

) =YY (l.K)

25 7(1.1) =ZZ (3.K)

26 NR ( T

) =XX ( 1 .K

)

'27 CP ( T ) =XX ( 2,K

)

28 JJ.J=MP il) *3

29 LIT ( T ) =XX ( JJJ.K)

30 NMay=Nip(T)

31 WPTTr(ft.3] ) K 32 31 FO»'<aT(//' Cf iNDl )CT I 0'\i T^aNSFEP K' ! jC ri O.sl':, h uw lPP=•I10/^^

'33 '

'

' ' J X Y / CP '/)

>, ..34^_^,^,,, ,^ Jl = i '^5: -

, ' ..: WPTTF(^.32) Jl ,X (I , 1) .Y (I . 1 ) .Z ( I . 1 ) .Cw ( I ) 36" ,ft;.n; ".v- -li. J = ?,f^,lAX

37 " J3= ) + ?

3fl J?= 1*1

"39- X ( T ..I) =xx ( J i,K) -XX ( J?,K, ) »CP ( I) 40 Y ( I . I) =YY ( J3,K ) -YY ( j;^ ,K ) ^C'v ( I ) 41 , iF('sRS(x(i,j) )-Ttsr) ao,'*n.m

4? ' NR ( T ) = J 43 GO Tn 30

44 41 CONTINUE

45 1 7 ( I .J) =Z7 ( J l.K) -ZZ ( J?,K ) *fC>-' ( 1) 46 JK= I 47 WPTTr(h.3^) JK .X ( I , Ji .Y ( i . )) .Z ( 1 . J)

48 3? FOPHAT ( I10.4F lO.S)

49 20 CONTINUE

50 30 CONTINUE

51 PETiiPN

52 FNH

RESFX-PNC ' PAGE 1

52 d
RESPTKrPNC PAGE 1

1 SUROOUTINE WtSPTK ( K , L « G » AG » KG , X , Y « Z » NL D T » NK , CK » U » I S « F

)

2 OIMFNSION K(10)»L(10)tG(10)»X(100)«Y<100)»Z(10n)»AM(10)»BP(lO),CP(%

3 10)»OP(10).A(10)»H(10)»C(l0).O<10).7Rl(3) ,ZW^ ( J) ,HH ( 1) ,KAP (3) i»OU-[% A (lOOj^PAC.lOO) »ZWK (;3,10n),PX(100)»fiY(100)»AZ(lUO)<F(10i))

5 REAl K,L,KG

6 PI=4.^>ATAN ( 1 . ) 7 M3 = T

fl IF (IS.NF.l) GO TO 10 9 ZL=i<G/10.

10 UY = 100./AG/ijT

11 CALL GPF (UY»ZL.AZ)

12 IF (IS.EO.l.ANO.iML.EQ.O) GO TO 330

13 10 CALL A'^CDi? (0. »K .L»G< AX,8X»CX,0X.NL)

14 RH(l)=nx

15 i^R(?) = l . 16 RH(T)=AX

17 IJ=1./RX

18 00 ?n 1=1, NL

19 PX=n

20 CALL AHCDP^ ( Px , K ( I ) , L ( I) , G ( I ) , AP ( I ) , b^^ ( I ) , CP ( I > , DP ( I ) ) 21 20 CALI AHCOi? ( PX , K ( I ) , L ( I ) • G ( T ) , A ( J) m ( I ) , C ( 1 ) » U ( I ) . 1) 22 IF (NL.LT.?) GO TO 30 23 CALI OFRVT ( A , H , C , 0 AP , ri^^ , CP , UP • APP . HPP , CPP , OPP » NL ) 24 GO TO ^0

25 30 APP=AP(1)

26 HPP=RP(1)

27 CPP=CP(1)

28 OPP=nP(l)

29 40 RAP(1)=nPP

30 RAPf?)=0.

31 RAP(3)=APP

32 no SO (=1.3

33 C1=PAP ( I ) /bx/DT

34 C?=PR ( I ) «BPP/BX/HX/|JT

35 ZR?(T)=-C1*C2

36 SO ZPl ( T ) =-ZR2 ( I) PH ( T ) /HX

37. * POOTS OF H(P)=0.

38 NMAK = ]() 39 TESTMX=40.

40 PX = n.n()l

41 OPO=n.J/nT

42 nLX=0.')OOl

43 N = 0 44 6P OL=ni^O

45 CALL AHCn? ( PX » K » L , G . A \ , H X , CX ; JX

.

Nl ) 46 70 PXP=PX+UL

47 CALL AHCn2 (PXP.^.L^, AXP.HXi-'^CXPtOXH.iML)

48 IF (RX<>BXP) 90.no. 80

49 80 PX=PXP

50 RX=HXP

RESPTK-PNC PAGE 1

53d
RESPTK-PNC PAGE ^

5

1

TESTX =PX-«-D r 52 IF ( TESTX-TtSTMX ) 70«170»W0

53 90 IF (DL-ULX) l'+0»14u»100

54 1 00 DL=nL/2.

55 GO TO 70

56 1 1 0 IF (RX) 130«120*13()

57 I 20 RXX=PX

58 GO TO 150

59 1 30 RXX=PXP

60 GO TO 150

61 140 AR= ARS ( HX/ BXP

)

6? RXX=(PX>Ab*PXP)/(l,*AH)

63 1 50 N=N+1

64 ROOT ( N ) =RXX

65 IP (M.dl.l) uPU = K(J() 1 ( N ) -ROi) 1 ( N- 1 ) 66 NRT=NJ

67 PX=^^XX + OLX

68 TESTx=Pxx*or

69 IF (TFSTX-rFSTMX) lt)0»160«W0

70 160 IF (M.LT.NMtX) TU 60

7

1

1 70 C 0 \i T I

^l 1 ) E 72 IF ( POOT ( NR 1 ) - 1 00 • ) 190»I80*1H0

73 180 NRT=NRT-1

74 190 00 ?50 J J= 1 » NRT

75 PX=PO0T ( J J

)

76 DO ?00 J=1»NL

77 CALl ARCD2 ( PX K ( J ) » L ( J ) » ( J ) A ( J ) * M ( J ) C ( J ) U ( J) I

)

78 200 CALL AHC0P2 ( PX * K ( J ) » L ( J ) « G ( J ) * AP ( J ) • HP ( J ) « CP ( J) OP ( J)

)

79 CALL AHCD2 ( P X • K L • G AX « ri X C • 1 )X NL ) 80 IF (ML.LT.2) GO TO 210

81 CALI_ OERVl ( A « fi « C 0 AP » riP » CP * OP * APP * HpP» GPP » UPP i^L ) 82 GO TH 220

83 210 APP = AP ( 1

)

84 HPP=PP ( 1

)

85 CPP=CP ( 1

)

86 DPP=OP ( 1 87 220

88 R A ( 1 « J^) ) =UX /P Y 89 R A ( « J J ) = I • /P Y 90 R A ( ^ f J J ) = A X /P

Y

9 1

(—f/^> -7 r-\ w ^ P\ T = PX*[i|

92 IF (PZ-20*/ c40»c'»0*230

w 3

o 1 r\ 230 KX { ].}) -0 •

1^ V/ / 1 l\ —OCT C 1 ^ R Y ( ). ) ) =rb • t 1 0

95 GO TO /^bO

96 240 RX (.) J) =EXP (-PZ)

97 RY ( 1 )) = ( 1 .-FXP (PZ) ) *^2

98 250 CONTINUE

99 no 2^0 JJ=1»NRT

100 no 2^0 M=1,M3

RESPTK-PNC PAGE P

54d
RESPTK-PNC PAGE 1

101 ZRl (M) =RA (M, JJ) ttRX ( JJ) ZRl (M)

102 260 7R2 (M) =RA (M, JJ) *(«X (JJ) »RX ( JJ)-2.<*RX ( JJ) ) ZR2 <M)

103 11=1

lOA III=?

105 IF (7R1 (2) .LT.O) ZR1(?)=0.

106 DO ?70 M=1»M3

107 ZRK (M, 1 ) =ZR1 (M)

108 270 ZRK (M»2)=ZR2(M)

109 NT=100

110 00 ^00 N=3»nT

111 Nf? = M

112 DO ?«0 M=1,M3

113 2«0 ZRK(M«N)=0.

114 DO ?c)0 M=1,M3

115 DO ?Q0 JJ=1»NIRT

115.1 IF(RX (JJ) .GT.l.E-10) GO TO 292

115.? P7=0.

115.3 GO TO 290

115.4 ?92 CONTIMIIE

116 P7= (OX ( JJ) ) <n»N

1 17 290 ZRK (M,N) =ZRK (M.Nl) +PZ<*RY ( JJ) *RA (M, JJ)

Ua IF (N.LT.5) GO TO 300

118.1 IF(7PK(1,N-1)^ZWK(1»N-?) )29) ,310*2-?1

119 291 TFST1=ZRK ( 1 »lNi) //RK ( I .N-1 ) 120 TFST?=ZRK ( 1 N-l) /ZRK ( 1 »N-2)

121 TEST3 = AHS ( Tf.STl-TESr?)

122 IF (TFST3-0.00 1 ) 310*310*300

123 300 CONTINUE

124 310 DO 320 N=ltiMR

125 X (N) =ZRK ( 1 ,rj)

126 Y (M) =ZRK (2,M)

127 320 7 (N) =ZRK ( 3»N)

128 CR=TFST2

128.1 IF (y (3) ) 321 * 322.321

128.2 322 CR=o.

128.3 321 CONTINUE

129 IF (IS.EQ.2) GO TO 450

130 IF (IS.NE.l) GO TO 470

131 330 IF (ML.EQ.O) GO TO 390

132 GF=?*KG/SQRT (DT»AG»PI

)

133 IF (NR. LT. SO) GO TO 350

134 00 -^40 J = SO»NR

135 7J=

)

136 340 A7 ( I) =GF« (SURT (7J) -2.»SURT (Z J-l . ) SijKT (ZJ-2. ) ) 137 NRR=NR

138 GO TO 370

139 350 DO 160 J=NR»50

140 Z ( J-^ 1 ) =Z ( J) **CR

141 X ( J^-l ) =X ( J) *-CR

142 360 Y ( J+ 1) =Y ( J) ^CR

RESPTK-PNC PAGE 3

55d
RESPTK-PNC PAGE U

143 MRR=SO

.144 370 DO IHO J=1»NPR

.145 3R0 F { J) =X ( J)-Y ( J) »Y ( J) / (7 ( J) AZ ( J)

)

146 NR=NJRP

147 GO TO 410

148 390 00 400 J=1,NR

149 400 F(J)=AZ(J)

150 410 CONTINUE

151 CR1=1.

152 DO 430 J=I»SO

153' CR=F ( J* 1 )/F ( J)

154 -^^^ TESTCR = ABS (CW-CRl)

155 IF (TFSTCR-0.001 ) 440, 440*420

156 4?0 CR1=CR

157 JJ= J-1

158 430 CONTINUE

159 440 NR= I 160 CR=CR1

- 161 GO TO 470

162 450 CONTINUE

163 DO 460 J=l tNR

164 F ( J) =X ( J) +Z ( J)-?.*Y ( J)

165 ' JJ=J-1

166 ^4'6d CONTINUE

167 470 RETURN

168 %

169 %

170 C END

RESPTK-PNC PAGE 4

56d
RMRT-PNC PAGE 1

. 1 SUBROUTINF RMRT (HEATG.HLCG, HEATX.HLCX, HEAT IS«HLC1S» IW, 1L»KC« ISC)

1.1 * EC: CnPRECTlON FACTORFOR THE HEAT LOST TO THE SlJRROUNO I NGS

1.2 * ISC:SHAr)lNG CDEFFICIENT INDEX IF ISC = 0 EXTEr(NAL SHADING

1.3 % OTHEKifl/ISE INTERNAL SHADING

2 n I MENS I ON HEATG »HLCG (2) .HEATX ( ?) ,HLCX ( ?) tHE AT IS ( ^) »HLCIS

3 ni MENS I ON AGO (3) »AG1 (3) »AX0(3) »AIS1 (^.3)«AIb«e<^»3)»Hl (J),AX1 (3) 4 DATA AGO/.-!.lH7,0.197.n.2?^/,AGl/-0.097,-0.06^,-0.0^^/

5 DATA fll/-0.y 1 «-0.87.-0.82/

6 DATA AXO/". 676, O.bSl .0. 703/. AXl/-0.Sflb.-0.St3i»-0. 523/

7 DATA (AISI () ,J) »J=1,3)/0.53,O.S3,0.53/

fi DATA (AlSPd .J) »J=l,3)/-0.44,-0.40.-0.35/

9 DATA (A_ISM?.J) ,J=l,3)/0. 5^.0. 59,0.59/

10 DATA( ATSP(2, J) »J = l,l)/-0.SG,-0.4n,-0.'+l/

11 DATA( A ISl ( 3, J) , J^l , 3) /O.ri 7, 0 .87. 1 .8 // 12 DATA! AIS^(3, J) ,J=l,3)/-0. 78,-0.74,-0.69/

13 DATA( ATSl (4,J) ,J=1,3)/0.50,0.50,0.50/

14 nATA( AISP (4, J) , J=l , 3) /-O .41 ,-n . 37,-0. 32/

31 HI CG (?) =Fr«- ( AGO ( I W) «-HFATG (?) +AG1 ( I i^l ) *HF A I b ( 1 ) ) -H 1 ( I w ) **hlCg ( 1 ) 3? HI.CX (2) =FC-> ( AXn ( I W) *thE AT^ ( 2) + AA 1 ( I W) <>MK A r X ( j ) ) -H I ( Iw ) <-M-iLCX ( 1

)

33 HI CIS (2) =FC« { AISU IL , IW) '>HFAT IS ( 2) *A I S2 ( II. , IW) *hEaT I S ( 1 ) ) -Hi ( IW) <>HLCI S ( 1

)

34 IF(ISC.FO.n) RFTUWN

35 HLCG ( 2) =Fr« ( AXO ( 1 w ) i>HK ATG ( 2) ^AX 1 ( l.v) ^HEaK, (1 ) ) -H 1 ( IW) 'tnLCl7 ( 1 ) 36 RETURN

37 END

RMRT-PNC PAGE 1

57d
RMTMK-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBROUTINE. KMTMK(vtTir»QLfTA»NcXP»NX»lTKJ

2 COMMON/CC/ XilOtlOOJ »Y(10»100j tZ(10»100) tITYPt(30)*

3 '

• » IHT ( 30 ) IHF (30 ) » ABSP (30) »U<30) *H(30) »H1 (30) »A(30)*

i*» UT ( 30 ) TOS ( jO»4o) T IS ( 30 48) «0 (30* 30 ) TUi (4o) »L}o 124) »

5 » QL ITX ( 24» 3) »QtQUA ( 24* 3) »QOCUP ( 24* J) (JOCKS (24) f(iL I Tt (24)

»

6 QE01JP(24) »QI (30) CR<30) »NR(3a) QOLAb ( 30* 24) ITHSI UENOw%

7 »AZW(30) »SHAOE(30) »HM0BS(24) 9HMDBW(24) SmU(30) fUCtLMb

8 DIMENSION AA (30* 30) »8B ( 30) tTT ( 30) TIF (30) * A2 ( 30* JO )

9 82 (30 ) »B3 (30 ) GSUM ( 30 ) » V ( 15)

10 Tir—.t//l\ TS=V { 1

)

11 CrML=V(2)

12 CFM'5 = V(3)

13 KKOOM—

V

{Ht

1^ HLtLG- V I b

)

15 KKO0ML=v (12)

16 T T ft 4 I 1 / X'. \

1 1 M=V ( 6

)

aCM6X=v ( 7)

18 QHMAX=V (8)

19 Till \ i t C\ \ TUL=V»9)

20 l 1 tf/lA\ TLL=v (10)

21 TSET=v (11)

22 HR=V(13)

23 MET=V(14)

24 D8NX=DB (NX) -T IM 25 Til ^ T T 1 * TU=TS-TIM

26 NEXP2=NEXr*

1

27 DO 10 I=1*NcaP

2o B8 { J

) =0

•

' tic ( I

) -0 • 30 DO 10 J-l*NtAP

31 A2 ( I J) =0»

32 1A AA/T l\~f\ 10 AA ( I J) -0

•

33 SHG=0» . ^- 1 /. 34 HSUM=0«

35 A5UM=0»

36 ASUMT=0 • 37 00 70 I=1*NEXP

38 NRR=NH ( I

)

39 SHG=SHb*QGLAS ( I »NX) *A ( 1

)

40 AClliiT*ACIIkJT.«.A t T\ ASUMT=AbUM 1 1 i

;

41 GSUM ( I

) -0

•

42 DO 20 J-l*NtXH

4 J 20 ObUM ( A

) -ubUM \ 1 J o 1 1 » J 1 44 IF (ITYPE(I) .NE.3) ASUM=ASUM*A ( I

)

45 IF(MET,NE.O) GSUM(I)=HR

46 HSUM=HSUM*HI (D^Ad)

47 lR=IRFf I)

48 CRX=CR(I)

49 IF(NRR.GE.2) GO TO 40

50 X(IR,1)=UT(I)

RMTMK-PNC PAGE 1

58d
RMTMK-PNC PAGE 2

51 Y(IR,1)=UT(I)

52 CRX=0.

53 Z(IR,1)=UT(I)

Sh 40 AA(I,I)=X(IR»1)*HI(I)*GSUM(I)

55 00 SO J=ltNEXP

56 IF (I.EQ.J) GO TO 50

57 AA(ItJ)=-6(I»J)

58 50 CONTINUE

59 AA(I,NEXP2) =-HI (I)

60 SUMY=Y(IR»1)»T0S(I»1)

61 SUMx=0.

62 IF(MRR,LT.2) GO TO 61

63 00 60 J=2»NRR

64 SUMY=SUMY*Y(IRtJ)*TOS(I.J)

65 60 SUMX=SUMX*X (IR, J)«TIS(I* J)

66 61 CONTINUE

67 B3(I)=SUMY-CRX»QI (D-SUMX

68 70 AA(MEXP2f I)=A(I)»HI (I)

69 IF (UENOW.EO.O) GO TO 80

70 RCT=1./UCELN6-1,/HI (1)

71 UCT=l./RCt

72 AA<1»1)=UCT*HI(1)*GSUM<1)

73 a3(T)=UCT»T0S(ltl)

74 80 CONTINUE

75 SHX=SHG/ASUM

76 QLTFMP=OLITE (NX) » ( 1-RCELG) »RROOML* (UOCPb (NX) QfcUUH (NX) ) *RROOM

77 QLX=QLTEMP/ASUMT

78 00 90 I=1»NEXP

79 SHF=SHX

80 QLT=QLX

81 IF (ITYPEd) .EQ.3.0R.ITYPE(I) .EQ.7) SHF=0.

82 IF (ITyPEd) .EQ.7) QLT = 0.

83 90 8B(I)=B3(I)*SHF*QLT

84 AA(NEXP2»NEXP2)=-1.08»(CFML*CFMS)-HbUM

85 JK=1

86 NEXP3=NEXP2*1

87 00 95 I=1»NEXP2

88 DO 95 J=1»NEXP2

89 95 A2( T»J)=AA(It J)

90 SUM1=(Q0CPS(NX)*QEQUP(NX) )»(1.-RR00M)

91 SUM2=QLITE (NX ) * (1 .-RROOML ) » ( 1 .-RCELG)

92 SUM3=0.

93 SUM=1.08«(CFML*DBNX*CFMS»TU)*SUM1*SUM2

94 BB(SJEXP2)=-SUM

95 IF(ITHST.NE.O.AND.ITK.EO.O) GO TO 130

96 102 BB(MFXP2)=-SUM-SUM3

97 IF(MET.EQ.O) GO TO 91

98 SUM4=0,

99 SUM5=0.

100 DO 92 I=1»NEXP

RMTMK-PNC PAGE ?

59d
RMTMK-PNC PAGE 3

1 n 1 Hi I oUM'f=bUM«»» »ni li}*A(l) »DD ( i 1 ) / AA ( I » 1 J i U C olJMo—ounD*nxil»*Aii/*»nxiX#*nK//AAlXflJ

1 m QP vUlNI 1 X i^uc.

1 Uh

1 n c> I VJ 3 TH UA ~

i uo Q 1 7 1 priKix UUN T Kii

1 1 NUL

1 n 7 PAI I ceil ViDfMPyDQ^Kitry01.AA.QU.TT.'3rL\

1 rtA i u o OA T A — T T f W F" y P ? > T T M

i

1 nU Q7 xr ixi'i-^'»cu<«u« nr*u •xi'v*c.u»xi uu lu xjj

1ill/ 1 n xr ^jf\»cy«t-/ ou lu XJJ

111 111 OU i U X U J IIP Lie X JU UU XUU X — i9nlCAr'c

1 X J 1 n rt X u u Del XI— DniX/ HHlX9INtAr^l^ \ lA I XH/

Tr<MPT pn ft 4 An Tn iii

X 13 UU ijc 1— X9NtAr

1 1 A 1 1 O TT/Tl M<1) —— f/UT/TI«UD\4#TA^TTM\ADUfT\\yAA/T.ri MnX»XI*nK)''ilA""IX''i)*DHlXJJ/AA\X9il

1 1 f

1 1 o ^AMX T KM 1

P

1 X o (jU TU Xjj

1 1 Q 1 X 7 1 T 1 X Jl PHKIT T Kti IP v^UN T X NUC.

1 O A PAI 1 cm WP / MP y D « MP y D o « A P > u . T T . In 1 V..ALL JULVr lritAr'9lNCAr^9Ac9Dc9 1 I 9JU/

1 p 1 XcX 1X J J

^ Akit t Ml 1 P

1X PP

1X cPTJ

fin rn IAD

X

1 t** PA 1 ft T 1 U J Xr ( lA'lUL' XXX9XX£9Xl£

1 pc^ 111 XXX TPfTA~Tll XrllA ILl.'1 XXH9XXH9XJJ 1IA.11A.111

X

1 C.O PA IIP X X C T&—Tl II

I «— 1 Ul_

1LCIP7 f^n VJU Tn 1 Trt 1 U X JU

1 Pft 1XX** 1 A TA — Tl 1

tJL P9C 7 an xn l in

X

1 Art X 'U c 1 1 M r"v — rt 111 nn 1 TsIomfxp

X •J J TTQ/T.11— IX31X9X'— TTMl li\X*

TPQT — AQC / TT < I 1 1

X TP /TPCT fiT 1 fin I (^n Tn 1 7fi Xr (lu3l*UI*XUU*/ OU lU XrU

X JO TP/TTVPPfTl XriXI''^ClX*»u'oi»XUI Pn Ifll AlfVtX/— XfK'.ll—IITfll UI\X<

X

1 J17f n?w ^Tl— y JK'.i i4^TT/T)_uirTi X I 1 / ~A ll\9X»'^l 1 '.11 ~D J y L 1 1 Ifl

X Jo TP /TTvPPfTl Pn 71 OTITl—

n

X J^' Ir iuulNUW*l>(c.»U*« AINU •XiTrL(l/*t.U*X' UXiX^—Ul 1 (l/**iUolX9Xl;

1 Art TTP/Tl— lir (1/ — TTfTl*TTM 1 1 IXJ'IXM

1 A I X H X xrTP /TTYPPITl.Fn (XITrC'X/»ulW»f/71 TTPfll— IXrlX/— TAIH TAP X X 3U QljUMU IMn —— J'J"U Ql IMn«^AtXITIXIX/"!! A/T14(UT (Tia(TA»TTP(Tl A 1

1 X • \ L i i X

1 AT*T J X ou pnMTTWIlP

144 QL=-QL*SUMQ

145 IF (ITHST.NE.O.OR.ITK.NE.O) GO TO IBb

146 IF(JK.EQ.2) GO TO 185

147 IF(QL) 18391859184

148 183 OLTEST=ABS(QL)

149 IF(QLT£5T-QCMAX) 18b9l859l82

150 182 SUM3=-QCMAX

RMTMK-PNC PAGE 3

60d
RMTMK-P^4C PAGE U

151 JK=2

152 GO TO 102 153 184 IF(QL-QHMAX) 185il85tl86

154 186 SUM3=QHMAX

155 JK=2

156 GO TO 102

157 185 RETURN

158 170 CONTINUE

159 WRITE (6,190)

160 00 180 I=1,NEXP2

161 180 WRITE<6,200) <A2(I,J) •J=1«NEXP2) •U2(I) ,TI (I) 162 RETURN

163 *

164 % 165 «

166 190 FORMATC ERROR IN THE TMTMP ROUTINE: MA1W1X LLEMtNlS ARt LlSTtO K OR YOUR EXAMINATION*

167 IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER : AA ( I , J) J= 1 » NEXH2 , B ( I ) » I ( I )

•

)

168 200 F0RMAT(12 F10.3)

169 EMD

RMTMK-PNC PAGE 4

61d
ROOM-PNC PAGE 1

.2 nTMrMsiON rr\it:xp (^)

- 3 COMMON /CC/ X ( I ri , 1 1)0 ) , Y ( 1 n , 1 OD) »Z ( i ) . 1 UU) , J T YKK ( j)',) ) , IHT ( 10 ) , IKF ( J(i*

" 4 ) . AHSP ( "10) .11 ( 30) ti-iT ( TO ) ,MI ( 70 ) ' A ( ^0) . V ( 30 ) » T'JS ( )() ,^h) T IS ( lU.^H)

5'"; ( in, 30) » T.'IY ( AH) ,I1H *ULI TX ( 1) ,(jEiJI)A ( J) lUUCUl^ (f-^*, 3) ,0OCPb

6 4) ,0L I TF ( ^^4) .OeUlJP .0 1 ( ?0) .CfV ( 30) .MR ( 3i) ) .^JtiLAS ( 30 ./^-t) , I I HST UEN*

7

'

, DW, AZ i/ ( 30 ) .SHADE ( 30 ) .t^'MOHS (?4) ,lv-^|)HW ( .sHij ( 30 ) ,l)CI- LN(7

8

' RFAl L. .FS(6,6)

9 COMMOM/SHOW/SHAlJW ( 30 . 1 b)

10 0^ Jl 9i iHj-iUf-iHnm- •>nt-»-H--a--i)--;>

1 ? ,

] 4 • ><• -ij <! -U- !!•> S> -w- -m- -O -O O •«• 15 .

' % •> i^ tOUI H I- AC 1 1Mb .17^- 16 % (1-0 WALL « (H)

ii- -u- if Ifl % ^

-4- •;) i> ii- -if If -if 1H^ •& V1 9 * ( L

)

?0 *

?1

2? , * NS = MIIMHt'.P iJt- HhAf TPA^|SFF^v SUWFACm-, 1 f j ThF SoiJlH i\l/i|L

?3 ^IW = MIjMHEW of HKAl TPA'-JSEF^V SiJf^FAC^N iN Fnt- if i- S I wAlI

?4 NN = NDMREW OF HEAT TPAN':>FFh? SlJ^^F<^Ct-^ IN ImF Ml;HfH t\ i\\ y, 25 * NF = NllMHhW OF HEAT TWA"JSFt-"tV hl/KFACKS IM 1,1*^ Wotl

?6 'J'-. NFXD = lOFAL '-JDMriE^ OF hF A f TPAMSt-K'^ Sll^v^-ACFS = ^ + inIS + I.iv +0'\I + IJE ?f).2 WtviTF (6. 1 1 ) ?6.3 101 F0!^MAT(« OA [A SHtFF NO \?'. MS . mW . f -i . M(- . L • W , M • ) ?7 PFAI) (S.s*) Mr'FxP ?R MS = ^'MFXP(l)

?9 MW=\imF X P ( ^ ) 30 , . NN = •|^IFXP (3)

31 .. . NIE=*iMFXP (4)

3? KiFxp = ?*MS*N>u + NjM + ijE 33 - * L = tiOdM LFMGlH ALONG ThK SOUTH '^//^l.l. 34 °^ H - '^OOM :«ilMlH ALONG THF WPST WALL

35 * H = POOiv; CElLlMG HFI(,HT

3ft PFAO(S.<»)l ,W.H

37 CAI I FfTP (L.W.H.FS)

3fl MS = Nc;+i

39 NW^^'S +; 'W 40 \l!sj = '!V*NN

41 MPrMF + i'-JN 4? AS = I <>H 43 AW = -i-'-H 44 AN=^S

45 AF=Ai'i 46 AP = | 47 AFsiP

47.? WPITF (6,111)

ROOM-PNC PA(~-,£ 1

62 d
ROOM-PNC PAGE PAGE 2 47.3 111 FORMAT (' D&TA SHEET 13 a^g^) lA: WOOm SURt- ACE .)ATA Arjl) tXTRh'iOH SURFACE SHADOW DATA')

48 00 10 I = lt'\JEXP 49 * REtn FOLLOWING DATA IN THE ORDER OF CEILING, SOUtH WALL, WEST

50 * WAI I . NORTH WALL' EAST WALL, FLOOR.

51 RF4n I TYPE ( I ) , IRF ( I ) , A ( I ) , AZa' ( 1 ) ,0( 1 ) ,SHADE (I ) ,flHSR ( I ) ,5HD ( I

)

52 * READ SHADO-^ INFORMATION

53 READ (S,4t) (SHADw ( I , J) , J=I , 7) S3.1 READfS.") (SHADW ( 1 , J) , J=8, IS) 54 in C0NTl^g.JE 55 00 ?n 1=1, NEAP

56 • IF (I.EU.l) M=l 57 IF ( I .GT . 1 . AiMD. I .LE.NS) M = ? 58 IF (I.GT.NS.ANO.I.LE.NW) l^=^ 59 IF ( T .GT .NW . ANO. I .LE.NN) M = A 60 IF ( I .GT.MN. AND.

1

.LE.nE) M=S

61 IF (I.'EO.NEXP) M = ft 62 00 ?n J=1,NEXP

63 IF (J.FJv.l) G(I,J)=FS(M,1)

64 IF ( I.GT. 1 .AND.J.LE.NS) (> ( I . J ) =F S ( , ) A ( J ) / AS 65 IF (I.GT.NS. AND. l.LE.NW) G ( I , J ) =F S ( , J ) A ( J ) / A .-l 66 IF ( I.GT.NW.AND. J.LE.NN) G ( I , J ) =FS ( M , ) o 4 ( J ) / AN 67 IF ( I.GT. NN. AND. J. LE.NE) G ( 1 , J ) =FS ( M , S J A ( J ) / AE 68 IF (J.FO.NFxP) G ( I , J) =FS (M,*,) 69 ?0 COMTTNHE

70 RETURN

71 FNO

ROOM-PNC PAGE ^ PAGE 2

63d
SHADOW-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBROUTINE SHADOW (SHOX .PHI tCOSZtSHHAT ). 2 DIMENSION SHDX<20)

3 HT=SHD>;(1)

A , . .. FL=SHDX(2)

5 FP=SH0X(3)

6 AW=5HDX(4)

7 8WL=SH0X(5)

8 . BWR=SHDX(6)

9 D=SH0X(7)

10 FP1=SH0X<8)

11 A1=SHDX(9)

12 81=5HDX(1C)

13 Cl=SHDX(li>

14 FP2=SHDX(12)

15 " A2=SHDX(13)

16 B2=SHDX(14)

17 C2=5H0X(15)

18 WAZI=SHDX(lt3)

.19 95 THIS PROGHAM CALCULATES SHADOW CAST BY OVERHANG AND SlUt FINS

.20 % THIS PROGftAM HAS BEEN DEVELOPtU BY TSENG-YAO SUN

21 « PHI. ...SOLAR AZIMUTH ANGLE

22 » C0S7... COSINE OF SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE

2'3 % SHRaT. .SHADE RATIUrRATIO OF THE SUNLIT AHtA TU r Ht TOTAL wlNUUW AREA

- 24 % HT WINDOW HEIGHT

25' % FL WINDOW WIDTH

26 » FP DEPTH OF THE OVERHUNG

27. % AW DISTANCE FROM TOP OF THE WINDOW TU THE OVtRHUNG

28 % BWL.... DISTANCE OF THE OVERHUNG EXTlNoEU HEYONO FhE LEF f LDGE 0^ IHE WiNDOOW

29 % 8WR... .DISTANCE OF THE OVERHUNG EXTENDED BEYOND IHE RIGHI EDGE OF THE WINDOW

30 % 0 DEPTH OF VERTICAL PROJECTION Af THt END Of THE UVtKHUNb

31 % ' FPl... .DEPTH OF THE LEFT FIN

32 » Al DISTANCE OF THE LEFT FIN EXTENDED ABOVE I Ht TOP 0^ IHE WINDOW

33 « Bl DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT EDGE OF THt WINDOS 10 THE LLF T UN

34 % CI DISTANCE OF THE LEFT FIN STOP SHOHT ABOVt IHE BOTTOM OF THt WINDOW

35 , % FP2,... DEPTH OF THE RIGHT FIN

36 « A2 DISTANCE OF THE RIGHT FIN tXTENUtU ABOVE IHE TOP UF THt WINDOW

'37 « B2 DISTANCE FROM THE RIGHT EDGE OF THt WINDOW TO THt HIGH! FIN

38 % C2 DISTANCE OF THE RIGHT FIN STOP SHORT ABOVt THE BuTIUM UF THE WINDOW

39 « WAZI... WINDOW AZIMUTH ANGLE

40 SHRflT=l.

41 1103 A=AW

42 H=HT

43 GAMMA=PHI-WAZI

44 C0SG=COS (GAMMA)

45 IF(COSG) 100»100»104

46 100 SHRflT=0.

47 GO TO 2000

48 104 CONTINUE

49 SBETA=COSZ

50 IF(SB£TA) 100.100.152

SHADOW-PNC PAGE 1

64d
SHADOW-PNC PAGE 2

51 152 SING=SIN(GAMMA)

52 VERT=SBETA/SQRT ( 1 •-SB£TA»SB£T A) /COSG

53 H0RTZ=A8S (SING) /COSG

54 TCETA=VERT/HORIZ

55 IF (GAMMA) 155»154fl54

56 %

57 154 B=BWL

58 GO TO 156

59 %

60 155 B=BWR

61 156 ARSHF=0.

62 aReav=o,

63 ARSIF=0.

64 areao=o.

65 areai=o.

66 ARSH1=0.

67 FL3=0.

68 H3=0.

69 H1=H

70 FL1=FL

71 K = l 72 L=l

73 Tl=FP»VERT

74 FM1=FP«H0RIZ

75 IF(FP) 37»37tl53

76 153 T=T1

77 FM=FM1

78 AB=B»TCETA

79 UG=(FL*8)»TCETA

80 OE=(H*A)/TCETA

81 %

82 IF(T-A)27t27»2

83 2 IF(A8-A) 14tl4»3

84 3 IF(nE-B) 12.12f4

85 4 IF(FM-B) ll.lltS

66 5 IF(DE-(FL*8) )8»8»6

87 6 IF(FM-(FL*B) )9f7»7

88 %

89 7 AREAO=FL» ( 0 . 5« ( AB*UG) -A

)

90 60 TO 37

91 8 IF(T-<H*A) )9»10»10

92 %

93 9 AREAO= ( T-A) »FL- ( (FM-B) »2) «TCETA»0 .5

94 L=2

95 GO TO 21

96 %

97 10 AREAO=H»FL- (OE-B> »*2«TCETA«0.5

98 GO TO 37

99 %

100 11 AREAO=FL»(T-A)

SHADOW-PNC PAGE ?

65d
SHAOOW-PNC PAGE 3

1 A 1 111 i

1 no

1 n 1 iU J1 "3 1 C

1 U*f

1 AC i J

iUO

1 A14

1 c1 b

1 no 1 Aio

1 1 n (VTO 111 111 i » lie

1 1

"3 1 i J

1 Q

1 1 A aTO lie 19

1 1 O

1 1

"7 1 1 »

(V

1 1 a

1 lo cO

1 1 Q 119

120 X) 1 O 1 Icl

Icc

l£ J

QLTO

1 3C

Ico 1 Ot^ orTO

1 P7 C J

ICO

1 1»

111 *cb

1 TJ 1 JJ

1 1A

1 "JC Of*

1 CD

1 T7 IJ r

1 la C f

1 1Q 1 JV 3 Q CO

1 A A 3Q

1 A 1 3 1 31

1 A O

1 A 1 IHJ %

1 AA 3c

145

146 %

147 33

148

149 34

150 %

SHADOW-PNC

GO TO 24

IF(T-«H*A)) 11»13»13

HORIZ 2

AREAO=H*FL

60 TO 68

IF(UG-A)27»27»15

IF(DE«(FL*B) ) 18,18,16

IF(FM-(FL*8) )20,17,17

HORIZ 6

AREA0=(UG-A)*»2/TCETA»0.5

GO TO 37

IF(T-CH#A> )20,19,19

-———HORIZ "5

AREA0=H*<FL-(A*0.5»H)/TCETA*B)

GO TO 37

HORIZ 4

AREAO=(T-A)«(FL*B-FM»<1.*A/T)«0.5)

L=2

», . VERT PROJ '^AREAV"

FL3=FL*B-FM

IF(T*D-(H*A) )22,22,23

VERT 8

H3=D

GO TO 3700

VERT 9

H3=H*A-T

GO TO 3700

FL3=FL

IF(T*D-(H*A) )26,26,25

VERT 7

H3sH*A-T

AREAV=H3»FL3

60 TO 68

VERT 6

H3=D

GO TO 3700

IF(T*D-A)37,37,28

IF(FM-B)34,34,29

IF(FM-<FL*8) )31,37,37

FL3=FL*B-FM

IF(r*D-(H*A) )33,33,32 — VERT 5

H3=H

GO TO 3700

VERT 4

H3=:T*0-A

GO TO 3700

IF(T*D-<H*A) )36,35,35

VERT 2

PAGE 3

66d
SHADOW-PNC PAGE 4

151 35 AREAV=H»FL

152 GO TO 68

153 % VERT 3

154 36 H3=T*D-A

155 FL3=FL

156 3700 AREAV=FL3*H3

157 % —

SIOE fin and SHORT SIDE FIN

158 % SIOE FIN "AREAl" "ARSIF**

159 37 IF (GAMMA) 66*68*74

160 74 FPF=FP1

161 AF=A1

162 BFsRl

163 cx=ci

164 GO TO 84

165 66 FPF=FP2

166 AF=A2

167 BF=B2

166 CX=C2

169 64 IF (FPF) 68*68*67

170 67 T=FPF*VERT

171 FM=FPF»HOHIZ

172 AF1=AF

173 IF (A/^EAO) 73* 73*88

174 % —TEST FOR OVERLAP OF FIN ANU OVERHUNG SHADOW

175 68 AT=A*(BF-b)»rCETA

176 IF{AT-AF) 711*73*73

177 % OVERLAP EXISTS,, L=2 IF OVERHUNG SHADOW HAS HURIZ tUGE IN WINDOW

178 711 GO T0(621 *712) *L

179 % TEST FOR TYPE OF OVERLAP

160 712 IF( (FM-BF)-(FMi-B) ) 62 1*622* 622

181 % ——SET L = l SHADOW INTERSECT ON INCLINED EDGE Oir OVERHUNG SHADOW

182 % —— FIN SHADOW IS BELOw INCLINED EDGE" OP OVEHHUNG SHADOW

183 621 AF = AT

184 L=l

185 GO TO 73

186 % L IS 2* HORIZ EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW-PORTION ABOVE HORIZ EDGE

187 % NOT IN OVERHUNG SHADOW IS FIN SHADOW

168 622 AREA1=FL»( T l-A) -AHEAD

169 % RESET TO CALC FIN SHADOW BELOW HORIZ EDGE OF OVHNG SHADOW

190 AF=T1-A*AF1

191 H=H*AFi-AF

192 % — SHADOW OF FIN (K=l ON GLASS K=2 ON VERT PHOJ SHADOW)

193 73 AB=BF«TCETA

194 UG=(FL*BF)*rCETA

195 DE=(H*AF)/tCETA

196 DJ=CX/TCETA

197 IF(FM-aF)69*69*38

198 38 IF(AB-AF) 39*50*50

199 39 IF(UG-AF)h8*48*40

200 40 IF (T-AF)47*47*41

SHADOW-PNC PAGE 4

67d
SHADOW-PNC PAGE 5

201 41 IF(UG-(H*AF) )44t44»42

202 42 IF(T-(H*AF) )91f 80t80

203 %

204 80 AREA1=H»( (AF*H»0.5)/TCETA-BF) AREAl

205 GO TO 58

206 44 IF(FM-(FL*BF) )91*B9f 89

207 %

208 89 AREA1=H»FL-(UG-AF) **2/TCETA*0»5*AKtAl

209 GO TO 58

210 %

211 91 AREA1=<FM-BF) «H-(T-AF) **2/TCETA»0.b*AREAl

212 GO TO 63

213 48 IF(FM-(FL*8P ) )47»47»49

214 % FIN J 215 47 AREA1=H»(FM-BF) AHEAl

216 GO TO 63

217 % FIN 2 218 49 AREA1=H»FL#AHEA1

219 GO TO 58

220 50 IF (DE-BF) 69»69»51

221 51 IF {UG-(H*AF) )55»55t52

222 52 IF (T-(H*AF) ) y3»94f 94

223 %

224 94 AREA1=(DE-BF) ••2«TCETA»0.5*AHtAl

225 GO TO 58

226 %

227 93 AREA1= (FM-dF) » (H*AF- (T*AB) »0.b) AKEAl

228 GO TO 63

229 55 IF(FM-(FL*8F) )93»99t99

230 %

231 99 AREA1=FL« (H-(BF*FL«0.5)*TCETA*AF) AREAl

232 % SHORT SIDE FIN "ARSHl'S'^ARSHF"

233 58 IF(nJ-i3F) 69»69»59

234 59 IF<DJ-^FLB^ )) 61 61 60

235 %

236 1 60 ARSHl=-FL*(CX-(ttF*FL/2. )*TCETA)

237 GO TO 69

238 %

239 61 ARSH1=-(CX-AB) »»2/TCETA*0.5

240 GO TO 69

241 63 IF (DJ-BF) 69^69^64

242 64 IF (DJ-f M) 61t61,65

243 * 244 65 ARSHl=-(FM-dF) »(CX-(T*AB)«0.5)

245 69 GO TO ill fib) K

246 76 ARSH1=-ARSH1

247 AREA1=-AREA1

248 77 ARSHF=AkSHF+AKSHl

249 ARSIF=mRSIF+aREA1

250 GO T0( 78^68) (<;

SHADOK^-PNC PAGE 5

68d
SHADOW-PNC PAGE 6

251 78 IF(AR£AV)b8,68t72

252 % RESET PARAMETERS TO OEDUCCT FIN SHADOliJ OVERLAP ON VtRT PROJ SHADOW

253 72 K=2

254 AREA1=0.

255 ARSH1=0.

256 BBF=BF

257 BF=FM1-B*BF

258 IF(BF) 186»i8S)»185

259 186 BF=RBF

260 185 IF(HT*A-Tl-0)87.8/.188

261 188 Cx=CX-(HT*A-Tl-0)

262 IF(Cx)85,87,a7

263 85 CX=o.

264 87 AF=T1-A*AF

265 H=H3

266 FL=FL3

267 GO TO 73

268 % SHAUED AREA "ARSHA"

269 68 ARSHA=AREAU*AKEAV»ARSHF*ARSIF

270 SHRAT= (FLi*Hl-ARSHA)/ (FL1»H1)

271 FL=FL1

272 2000 CONTINUE

273 RETURN

274 END

SHADOW-PNC PAGE 6

69d
SHG-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBROUTINE SHG (SM)

2 DIMENSION SH(20)

4 * SH{1)=INTENSITY OF DIRECT NORMAL bOLAK RADIATION

5 % SH(2)=INTLNbITY OF DIFFUSE SKY RADIATION

6 % SH(3)=lNTtNSlTY OF GROUND REFLECTED DIFKUSE RADIAIION

7 % SH(4)=C0SINE OF INCIDENCE OF DIRECT SOLAR RADIAIION

,8 % SH{5)-F0RM FACTOR BETWEEN THE WINDOl^ AND THE SKY

9 % SH(6)=F0RM FACTOR BETWEEN THE WINDOW AND THE GROUND

10 % SH(7)=THERMAL RESISTANCE AT OUTSIDE SURFACE

ir % SH(8)=THERMAL RESISTANCE AT THE AIK SPACE <DUUbLE GLAZING)

1.2 % SH(9)=THERMAL RESISTANCE AT THE INNER SURFACE

13 % SH(10)=SUNLIT AREA FACTOR

14 % SH(11)=SHADING COEFFICIENT NON-ZERO VALUE WILL BE GIVEN ONLY

15 % WHEN THE WINDOW IS SHADED BY DRAPES OR BLINDS OK IF IT HAS

16 % AN INTERPANE SEPARATION OF MORE THAN 1-lNCH

17 . % SH{ 12) =TRANSMISSION FACTOR FOR DIRECT RADIATION

18 % SH( 13) =TRANSMISSION FACTOR FOR DIFFUSE RADIATION

19 % SH(14)=ABSURPTI0N FACTOR FOR DIRECT RADIATION (OUIER PANE)

20 %' SH(15)=A8S0RPTI0N FACTOR FOR DIRECl RADIATION (INNER HANt)

21 % SH ( 16) =ABSORPTION FACTOR FOR DIFFUSE RADl AT ION (OU I ER PANE)

22 « SH( 17)=ABS0RPTI0N FACTOR FOR DIFFUSE RADI AT ION ( INNER PANE)

' 23. % SH(18)=S0LAK HEAT GAIN

24 COMMON /SOL/ LAT »LONG» TZN» WAZ » W T CNt DST »LPYR# S ( Jb)

25,. REAL LATtLONG.NIfNO

26 NI=(SH(7)*SH(8) )/(SH{7)*SH(8)*SH(y)

)

27 N0=(SH(y))/(SH(7)*SH(8)*SH(Si))

28 D=SH(10)«SHa)*SH('^)« (SH(12) NO*SH( 14) Nl^SHdb) ) 29 DD= (SH(2)*SHt5) SHia) »SH(b) ) »(SH( 13) N0»SH(16) Nl»SH(17)

)

30 IF (SHdl) ) 20»10t20

31 - 10 SH( 18) =D*DD

32 GO TO 30

33 20 ; SH{18) = (D*DD)*SH(11)

34 30 RETURN

35 . . : END

SHG-PNC PAGE 1

70d
SOLVP-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBROUTINE iOLVP (M»N»C»0»X»1)

2 * This is a routine for solving SIMULTANtOUS LiNtAH tQUATlUNb

3 % The routine WAS DtVtLOPELt t3Y B.A, HtAVY UF Ndb

4 % ROUTINE FAILS WHEN ANY uF THE OlAburJAL ELLMENIS ib ZEKO

5 DIMFNSIUN A ( i 00 1 0 i ) » C ( I 1 ) . 0 ( 1 ) , A ( 1

)

6 DO 10 IX=1»M

7 DO 10 IY=itM

8 10 A ( IX lY) =C ( IA» I Y)

9 DO 20 IZ=1.M

10 20 A{IZ»N)=01U)

11 L = l 12 30 AA=A(L»L)

13 ' 00 40 ^=L.N

lU 40 A(L»K>=A(L»M/AA

15 DO ^0 K=1,M

16 IF (K.LQ.L) 00 TO 60

17 AA=-A{K,L)

18 DO SO lA=L»i\

19 50 A(K, lA) =A(K, lA) AA*A(L» lA)

20 60 CON-^INUt

21 L=LM

22 IF (L.LE.M) GO TO 30

23 00 70 IP=1»«

24 70 X ( 13) =A ( I^^t'M) 25 RETURN

26 EUD

SOLVP-PNC PAGE 1

71d
SUN-PNC PAGE 1

12

3

5

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

0034/

0008*

SUBROUTINE SUN

DIMENSION AO (5) /.302,-. 0002. 36b. 44, . 171 /» 0.0905/ »A1 (5) /-22.93» .419%

24.52t-.0344»-.0410/»A2(5)/-.229,-3.226b»-l. 14, .0032».00 7j/»A3<b%

)/-.243,-.0903,-1.09, .0024* .0015/»bl (b)/3.851,- 351 f .5«,-.0043»-.%

B2(5)/.002»-9.3912.-.18»0.,0i0004/,B3(b)/-.055f-.3361,.28»-.»

-.0006/

REAL LAT»LATU»LONb»MERID»LOND

COMMON /SOL/ LAT»LONG,TZNtWAZ»WT»CN»L)bT»LPYR,S(Jb}

S(l)= LATITUD£,0EGREES(*N0RTH»-S0U7H)

S(2)= LONGITUDE»D£GREtS<*wESr.-EAST)

S(3)= TIME ZONE NUMBER

STAMDAKD TIME DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME

ATLANTIC

EASTERN

CENTRAL

MOUNTAIN

PACIFIC

S(4) = S<5) = S(6) = S(7) = S(S) = S(9) = S(lO):

S(ll).

S(12)'

S(13)^

S(14)'

S(15).

S(16)-

S(17):

S(1H)

S(19)^

S(20)'

S(21):

S(22).

S(23)'

S(24)'

S(2'i)^

5(26):

S(27):

5(28)

:

S(29):

S(30):

S(31):

S(3^) = S(33):

S(34)

S(35)

OF YEAR)

MIDNIGHT)

TIME INDICAFOR

DAYS(FROM START

TIME HOUR AfjtR

DAYLIGHT SAVING

GROUND REFLECTIVITY

CLEARIJESS NUMBER

WALL AZIMUTH ANGLE* DEGREES

=WALL TILT ANGLE* DEGREES

=SUN RISE TIME (HOURS AFTER

:SUN SET TIME

DIRECTION

DIRECTION

DIRECTION

DIRECTION

FROM

FROM

SOUTH

HURiZON

MIDNIGHT)

COSINES

COSINES

COSINES)

COSINES NORMAL TO SURFACE

SURFACE

:COSZ

:COSN

:COS(S)

:ALPHA

=BETA

:GAMMA

:COS (ETA) COSINE OF INCIDENCE ANGLE

'SOLAR ALTITUDE ANGLE

:SOLAR AZIMUTH ANGLE

:DIFFUSE SKY RADIATION ON HORIZONTAL

'DIFFUSE GROUND REFLECTED RADIATION

'DIRECT NORMAL RADIATION

'TOTAL SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY

'DIFFUSE SKY RADIATION INTENSITY

'GROUNU REFLECTED DIFFUSE RADIATION INTENSITY

'SUN DECLINATION ANGLE DEGREES

'EQUATION OF'TIME »HOURS

'A SOLAR FACTOR

SOLAR FACTOR

SOLAR FACTOR

CLOUD COVER MODIFIER

INTENSITY OF DIRECT SOLAR

HOUR mNGlE*DEGREE

RADIATION ON SUKFACE

PI=3, 141592^

SUN-PNC PAGE 1

72 d
SUN-PNC PAGE 2 C 1 CO

3 J

J —CUj » O^A J <?i =<;tn (X)

Z7w 3 f OO— 3 1 IN \ J^A 1 ca UU 1 U IS — 1 » 3

l\b= ( (v~ 1 ) to

oO 10 5(K5)-A0il\> Al \ l\i*Cl*ActlN; *v»c*A J t Is j »uj*d1 Itsj *bi*Dc l(s) •bc*DO ((sJ "bJ

61 S (29) =S (29) /60.

62 LATO=S(i)

6 J LONG=b ( c)

64 MLR I D= 1 b*b (J)

65 LONO=LONo-MtKl

J

66 Y=S ( 2o ) *r 1/ lOU

67 Yt=LATU*P1/1oO»

68 nP=—T AN ( T

) * I AN ( T T

69 TR= 1 2/r 1 *ACOb (HP)

70 b ( 1 1

) -

(

Id"

\

« ) "b { d^i LUNU/ lb*

"7 1 f 1 b 1 1 2 / -c'»«~'b ill)

1 e. n— 13» \ji •ic*b \Ji 'b ic7l"3 \o 1

1 "3 \ CI 73 b (3b) -n

"7 Af H blJ=biNlTTI''51IM(TJ*CUb(TT / "UUa Ml "l^UO \ nTl/iOU»»

r 3 b(lJ)-biJ

1 O

•7 "7

1 f A 1 = Abb ( nr 1

/

70f 0 yo— AQC /u\

7Q ir (Ai'AcJ lJU<cUtcU

Q A CM C / 1 A \ — Pf kC ( V ) 4C T Kl f U#D T y 1 Afl \ b * I HI — CU3 » T 1 "allM xn^rly lOU* 1 a 1 b ( 15) -bUR 1 ( 1 •""b (iJ)*b(lJ) "b (l*H'bll'»)l

0 0 blEST-b (13/

0 J bTEST l = l<Ob ( M^r 1 / ioO • ) " 1 AN (T)/IAN(Tr)

Ir (STcbTI) 'OtJOfJO

OS JO b ( 1 3) -b 1 tb

1

00 GO TO bO

Q 7 A A b ( 1 5 ) -"b 1 tb

1

00Q a 3U b(£OJ -AblNlillJ) 1 0700 Ir (btXbi; rUfoUtou

^ A 60 b(21)-AblN(b(l*») /UUb ( b ( cU ) ) ) Q

1

{^r\ oU Tri jiTi TU OU asId 7 A 70 Cf01\«-DT_AC1MfCf1A\ y^/^C/C/OAl \ k b ( 2 1 ) =r 1-Ab IN ( b ( IH) / (.Ob (b(eOl ) i 7 J OU b(cO)-iou«''blcu)^rl C / "^n \ — IQA 4C/3i^ \ yDI

7*T 3 \ C I 1 "10U» 3 \ C k I f ~ X 95 IF(S(21)-180.) 81f81«82

96 82 S(21)=360.-S(21)

97 81 CONTINUE

98 S ( 24) =S ( 30 ) *S ( 8) •S ( 33 ) »eXP (-S ( 3 1 ) /S ( 1 3)

)

99 S(22)=S(32)*S(24)/S(8)/S(8)

100 S(23)=S(7)»(b(22)*S(24)«S(13)

)

SUN-PNC PAGE 2

73d
SUN-PNC PAGE 3

101 WY=S(10)*PI/180.

102 S(16)=C0S(WY)

103 WA=S(9)»PI/180.

104 S(16) =COS(»/Y)

105 S(17)=SIN(WA)»SIN(WY)

106 S(lfl)=COS(WA)»SIN(WY)

107 S(19)=S(16)»S(13)*S(17)»S(14)*S(lB)»S(lb)

108 ^ S<34)=S(24)»S(19)

109 Y=0.45

110 IF (S(19)*0,2) 100»100»90

111 90 Y=0,55*0.437*S(19)-».0.313«S(19)»»2

112 100 IF (5(19)) lio.110,120

113 110 5(19) =0.

114 S(34)=0.

115 120 CONTINUE

116 S(26)=S(22)»Y

117 S(27)=S(23)»{l-S(16))/2.

118 S(25)=S(34)-»-S(26)*S(27)

119 GO rO 150

120 130 DO 140 J=14,26

121 140 S (J) =0,

122 S(34)=0

123 150 RETURN

.124 END

SUN-PNC PAGE

74d
TAR-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBROUTINE TAR <TR)

2 REAL Al (6)/0.01154,0,77674»-3,946b7»8,5/b81,-8, J8135»3,011b8/

3 REAL A2 (6) /O .6 1636, i,40783f -6. 79030 3/378 J. 83357 4,92439/

4 REAL A3 (6) /O. 6 1837* 1.92497 »-8. 8913'* » la.'iO 197 / . 48648, fa. 1 7b44/

5 REAL A4(6)/0.01902,2,35417,-10.4715,21.24322»-19.9b978,b.99964/

6 REAL AS ( 6) /O. 6 171 2, 3, 50839»-13, 8639, 2b. 34330 -23. 84846, 8. 1/372/

7 REAL A6(6)/0.01406,'*,15958,-15.0628,27.l8492,-2J.b8bl8,d.0 36bO/

8 REAL A7(6)/0.01153,4.559<+6,-lb.4329,26. /Ob68, -22. 87993, / .b/ /9b/

9 REAL A8 ( 6) /O. 00962, 4. 8 191 1,-15. 47 14, 2b. 8bbl 6, -21.69106, /.08714/

10 REAL Tl (6)/-0.00885»2.71235,-0.62062,-7.0 7329»9. /b995,-3.89922/

11 REAL T2(6)/-0,01114,2.3937l,0.42978,-8,98262,ll.bl79d,-4.b2064/

12 REAL T3 ( 6) /-6. 01200,2. 13036, 1.13833,-10. 0792b, i2.*»4i61,-4. 83285/

13 REAL T4 ( 6) /-O. 01218, 1.90950* 1.61391,-10.64872, 12.83698,-4.95199/

14 REAL T5(6)/-0.01056,1.29711,2.286ib,-10.37132, 11.9b884,-4.b4880/

15 REAL T6 (6) /-O. 00835, 0.92766, 2. 15721, -8. /l4«:9,9.87ib2,-3. 73328/

16 REAL T7 (6) /-O. 00646, 0.68256, 1.82499, -6.95325, /. 80647,-2. 94454/

17 REAL T8 (6) /-O. 00496, 0.51 043, 1.47607,-5.41985,6,00546,-2.28162/

16 REAL AO 1 (6) /O. 01407, 1,06226, -5. 59131, 12. 15034, -11,78092, 4. 200 70/

19 REAL A02( 6) /O. 01819,1,86277, -9, 2483 1,1 9. 49443, -18. 56094, 6. 53940/

20 REAL A03(6)/6.01905,2.47900»-il.742 7,24.14037,-22,6H299, 7.8995<»/

21 REAL A04 (6) /0.01862*2.96400»-13. 4870 »2 7. 13020 »-2b. 11877, 8. 68895/

22 REAL A05( 6) /O. 01423,4. 14384, -16. 66709, 31. 30484, -2/. 81 955, 9. 36959/

23 REAL A06(6) /O, 01056, 4. 7 1447, -17. 33454, 30. 9 1781, -2b. 63898, 6.79495/

24 REAL A07 (6) /O. 0081 9, 5. 01 768, -17, 2 1228, 29. 46388, -24, 7691b, 8. 05040/

25 REAL A08 ( 6) /O, 00670, 5, 1878 1,-16, 84820 » 27. 90292,-22. 9961 9, 7,38140/

26 REAL AIK 6) /0,00228,0, 34559, -l,19908i 2,22336* -2,05287, 0,72376/

27 REAL AI2(6) / 0,00 123 ,0,29 788, -0,92256, 1 ,b81 71 ,-1 ,40040»0,48316/

28 REAL AI 3 ( 6) /O, 00061 ,0,26017,-0, 72 /1 3, 1, 149bO» -0.9? 1 38, 0.3270b/

29 REAL AI 4 ( 6) /O, 00035, 0,22974,-0, 58381 ,0,84626,-0.6 /666, 0.221 02/

30 REAL AI5(6) /-O. 0 00 09, 0. 15049, -0.2 7590 i 0.256 18,-0. 12919,0.02859/

31 REAL A16(6)/-0.00016,0.l0579,-0.15035,0.06'*8 7,0i02 759,-0.023l7/

32 REAL A I 7 ( 6) /-O. 000 15, 0.07 7 17, -0.09059, 0.00050 0.06 Hi, -6. 0 3394/

33 REAL Aie(6)/-0.00012,0.05746,-d.05a78,-oil0i855,oi06837^-0i03l91/

34 REAL TDl {6)/-0.00401,0.74050,7.20350,-20,11763,i9;68824,-6,74585/

35 REAL TD2( 6) /-O, 00438, 0.57818, 7, 4206b, -20, 26848, 19, 79706, -b, 79619/

36 REAL TD3 ( 6) /-6. 00428, 0.4579 7, 7.4136 7,-19.92004, 19.40969,-6.66603/

37 REAL T04(6)/-0.00401^0.36698^7.27324^-l9,29364,18,75408,-b.43968/

38 REAL TD5 (b)/-0. 00279, 0.1 6468, 6. 17715, -15. 8481 1,1b. 28302, -b, 23666/

39 REAL TD6 ( 6) /-O, 00 192, 0,081 80, 4, 94/53, -12, 43481, 11,92495,-4,07787/

40 REAL TD7 ( 6) /-O, 001 36, 0,04419, 3, 87b29, -9, b9069, 9, 16022,-3,12 776/

41 REAL TD8(6) /-6, 00098, 0,02576, 3, 00400 t -4. 33834, 6. 98747 ,-2. 38328/

42 DIMENSION TR(9) »A<8*6) »T(6t6) f A0(»»6) tAI (8*6) *rU(H»b)

43 % TR(1) = TRANSMISSION FACTOR , DIRECT

44 % TR(?) = TRANSMISSION FACTOR , DIFFUSE

45 % TR(3) = ABSORPTION FACTOR , DIRECT* OUIER

46 % TR(4) = , DIFFUSE, OUTER

47 % TR(5) = , DIRECT .INNER

48 % TR(6) = , DIFFUSE, INNER

49 % TR(7) = COSINE OF INCIDENT ANGLE

50 % TR(8)=TYKt OF GLASS

TAR-PNC PAGE 1

75d
TAR-PNC PAGE ? 51 * TR(9)=ID CODE FOR THE GLAZING

52 % ID =1 SINGLE GLAZING

53 % ID =2 DOUBLE GLAZING

54 DO 10 J=l»6

55 A(ltJ)=Al(J)

56 A(2,J)=A2(J)

57 A(3»J)=A3<J)

58 A(4,J)=A4(JJ

59 A(5,J)=A5(J)

60 A(6«J)=A6(J)

61 A(7,J)=A7<J)

62 A(8,J)=A8(J)

63 T(1,J)=T1(J)

64 T(2,J)=T2(J)

65 T(3»J)=T3(J)

66 T{4,J)=T4(J)

67 T(5,J)=T5(J)

68 T(6,J)=T6(J)

69 T(7»J)=T7(J)

70 T(8,J)=Ta(J)

71 AOd » J) =A01 (J)

72 A0{2,J) =A02(J)

73 A0(3»J)=A03(J)

74 A0<4f J) =A04( J)

75 A0(5» J) =A05( J)

76 A0(6» J) =AU6(J)

77 AO(7.J)=A07(J)

78 A0(8» J) =A08(J)

79 AI (1,J)=A11 (J)

80 AI {2» J) =AI2(J)

81 AI (3. J) =AI3(J)

82 AI (4»J) =AI4(J)

83 AI (5»J)=AI5(J)

84 AI (6, J) =Ai6(J)

85 AI {7»J) =AI nj)

86 AI (8»J) =AiatJ)

87 T0(1»J)=TD1 (J)

88 TD<2» J) =TD2{J)

89 TD(3»J)=TD3(J)

90 TD(4»J) =T04(J)

91 TD(5» J) =TD5( J)

92 T0(6» J) =TOb(J)

93 TD{7»J)=TD7(J)

94 10 T0(8,J)=TD8(J)

95 ETA=TR(7)

96 L=TR(8)

97 ID=TR(9)

98 IF (I0.E(^.2) GO TO 30

99 TR(1)=T(L»1)

100 TR(2)=T(L»l)/2.

TAR-PNC PAGE ?

76d
TAR-PNC PAGE 3 101 TR (3) =A (L» 1

)

102 TR (4) =A (L 1 ) /2,

103 DO 20 J=2»6

104 TR { 1) =TR (1) T (L» J) »(ETA*»( J- 1 ) ) 105 TR(2)=TH(2) (L»J)/ (J*l)

106 TR(3)=TH(3) AiL* J)«(£TA*»(J- 1) ) 107 20 TR (4) =TR (4) A(L»JJ/(J*1)

108 TR (5) =0

109 TR{6)=0

110 GO TO 50

111 30 TRM >-Tn(L»l)

112

111 TO ( T > =AQ ( L • 1 J 1 lA TR (4) =A0 (Lt 1 ) /2.

1 15 TR ( q) =AI (L 1 1)

116 TR (^>) =AI <L« 1 ) /2.

117 DO 40 J=?»6

118 X=FT A** ( J-1

)

1 19 TRn) = rR(l)*TD(L»J)*X

120 XR(2)=TR(2)*T0(L»J)/(J*1)

121 TR (3) =TR {3)*A0(L»J)*X

122 TR (4) =TR (4)*A0(L»J)/<J*1)

123 TR (5) =TR (5) AI (L» J) *X

124 40 TR(6)=TR(6)-»AI{LtJ)/(J*l)

125 50 TR(2)=2*TR(2)

126 TR(4)=2»TK(4)

127 TR(6)=2»TH(b)

128 RETURN

129 END

TAR-PNC PAGE 3

77d
TEMPSH-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBROUTINE TEMPSH(MONTH» JJ»NK»RMDbS»HMDbiiK»RML)bWU»KMOBSO»TA)

2 DIMENSION HMDBS (24) jRMDBW (24)

3 IF(M0NTH.GE.6.AND.M0NrH.LE.9) GO 10 6

4 IF(JJ.GT.l) GO TO 7 5 TA=RMDBW(NK)

7 GO TO 10

8 7 TA=RMOBWO

9 GO TO 10

10 6 IF(JJ.GT.l) GO TO 5

11 TA=RMDBS(NK)

12 GO TO 10

13 5 TA=RMDBSO

14 10 CONTINUE

15 RETURN

16 END

TEMPSH-PNC PAGE 1

78d
WBS-PNC PAGE 1

1 FUNCTION WbF (H»PB)

2 % THIS PROGRAM APPROXIMATES THE WET-BULB TtMPEKATUHt WHEN

3 % ENTHALPY IS GIVEN

4 IF(H) 20»<?0tb

5 5 CONTINUE

6 Y=LOG(H)

7 IF (H.GT. 11.758) GO TO 10

8 WBF=0.6041*3.4841»Y*l,3601»Y*Y*0.9/30 7*r»Y*Y

9 GO TO 90

10 10 WBF = 30. 9105-39, 68kJ00*Y*20,5841«Y»Y-l,ybB*Y«Y'»Y

11 Go TO 90

12 20 WB1=150.

13 PV1=PVSF(WB1)

14 W1=0.622«PV1/ (PB-PVl)

15 X1=0.24<»WB1* (1061*0. 444»WB1)»W1

16 Y1=H-X1

17 30 W82=WB1-1

18 PV2=PVSF (WB2)

19 W2=0.622*PV2/ (PB-PV2)

20 X2=0.24<»WB2*(1061*0.444*WB2)*W2

21 Y2=H-X2

22 IF (Yl«Y2) 80»50»40

23 40 WB1=WB2

24 Y1=Y2

25 GO TO JO

26 50 IF (YD 70fb0»70

27 60 WBF=WB1

28 60 TO 90

29 70 WBF=WB2

30 GO TO 90

31 80 Z=ABS(Y1/Yd)

32 WBF={WB2*Z*W8l)/( 1*Z)

33 90 RETURN

34 END

W8S-PNC PAGE 1

79d
WD-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBROUTINE. WO(INPUT)

2 INTEGER INPUT ( liOO) » INCM(83)

3 COMMON NRUN»iSKIPtV0L(2) »DENS»PARITY»TRACK

4 DATA TST/0./

5 LEN=83

.6 IF{NRUN.NE.O) GO TO 42

7 IFCDENS.EQ.' ») GO TO 42

8 I CALL TPR0P(INCM,L£N»STATUS»V0L»DENS»PAR1 FY.TRACK)

9 GO TO 41

10 - 42 CONTINUE

11 IF (DENS. Nt.' •) GO TO 70

12 READ(l) INCM

13 GO TO 40

14 70 CONTINUE

15 CALL TPRRD(INCM,LEN»STATUS»VOL)

16 41 IF(STATUS.£vJ»TST) GO TO -^0 17 WRITE(6»50)

18 50 FORMAT (• "TAPE ERROR')

19 STOP

20 40 CONTINUE

21 NRUN=NRUN*1

22 IF(NRUN.LT.ISKIP) GO TO 42

23 00 30 J=1»LLN

24 DO 30 K=l»6

25 JJ=(K-1)»6

26 ' JK=(J-1)»6*K

27 30 INPUT(JK)=FLU(JJ»6,INCM(J)

)

28 RETURN

29 END

WD-PNC PAGE ]

80d
WOX-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBPOUTINE WDX(IW)

2 DIMENSION lUATA(10)/012t01»02»03»04,Obt06»07tUlO»uU/»jUAFA(lO)/072*

3 ,061 » 062*063 » 064. 065. 066. 067* 070 » 0/1/, KUAT Ado )7Ub2, 041 fU42»043»0<t4*

4 ,045,046,047,050.051/

5 DATA KX/040/

6 00 50 KK=1.10

7 IF (IW.EQ.IDATA(KK) ) GO TO 60

8 IF(IW.EQ.JDAIA(KK) ) GO TO 60

9 IF ( IW.tQ.KDATA(KK) ) GO TO 61

10 50 CONTINUE

11 IF(IW.EU.KX) GO TO 62

12 IW=1000000

13 GO TO 40 ' 14 60 IW=KK-1

15 GO TO 40

16 61 IW=-(KK-1)

17 GO TO 40

18 62 IW=10

19 40 RETURN

20 END

KJDX-PNC PAGE 1

81d
WETHER-PNC PAGE 1

1 % THIS PROGRAM DECOUES LEATHER TAPE 144 ANU CREATE A BINARY TAPE*

2 % WHICH IS'USEFUL FOR THE LOAD" CALCULAT lOB PROGRAM NBSLD

3 DIMENSION DB(24) DPT (24) WBT(24) WST(24) tPBT <24) 1C(24) NrOC(24)

INTEGER WP0S(l0)/13^11^16^19^22^34^43^46^68^70/»IKLONG(ll>)/3^2f3^ %

5 3, 3^4^ 1 » 1^2^3/^OUTPUr (24^ 10) DAY CI TY YEAR UArSKH INPUT ( 1 100

)

6 COMMON NRUN^DAYSKP^V0L<2) DENS^PARITY^ IKACK

7 READ (5^200 PROMPTS' VOL DENS^PARITY TRACK :») VOL* UtNS^PARl f Y TRACK

8 200 FORMAT <5A4)

9 NRUM=0

WRITE(6*92)

11 92 FORMATC ISMP NDAY IWRITE')

12

— REA0(5^«) IbKIP^NDAY^IWRITE

13 0AYSKP=ISKIP«4

14 CALL WDNEW( INPUT)

15 00 102 I=1*NUAY

16 CALL DECODH<WPOS^WLONG* 10*OUTPUT^0^YEAR»MONTH*DAY^CITr)

17 3 DO 2 K=1^10

18 2 CALL ERRORlOUTPUr (l^K) K)

19 IFd.GT.l) 30 TO 199

20 WRITE (b*4)

21 WRI TE (6^5)

22 WRITE(6,6) C1TY*YEAR»M0NTH^0AY

23 4 FORMAT (50H0 STARTING DAFt ON WEATHER TAPt ) 24 5 FOR'^-AK//' CllY YEAK MONTH UAf)

25 7 FORMAT (//• DB OP WB Wb PB « 26 TC NTOC)

27 6 FORMAT (5110)

28 IF (IwRlTE.Nt.O) WRITE(6^7)

29 199 DO 90 J=l*24

30 1 IWS=OUTPUT iJfl)

31 IDR=OUTPUT ( J*2)

32 KA=nUTPUT ( J»3)

33 LA=OUTPUT ( J*4)

3^ IDP=OUTPtJl ( J^5)

35 IATM=OUTPUI ( J^6)

36 ITCA=0UTPUT(J*7)

37 IT0C=2

38 ITK=0UTPUT ( J^8)

39 IF(ITK.EQ.2) 1T0C=1

40 IF(ITK,E0.B.0R,ITK.EQ.9) ITOC=0

41 IPR=OUTPUT ( J»9)

42 IPS=0UTPUT(J»10)

43 DB(J)=KA

44 WBT(J)=LA

45 DPT(J)=IOP

46 PBT (J)=IATM/iOO.

47 TC( J) =ITCA

48 NTOC(J)=ITOC

49 WST (J) =IWS

50 IFdWRITE.EQ.O) GO TO 90

WETHER-PNC PAGE 1

82 d
WETHER-PNC PAGE ?

51 MRITE(6«91) OB ( J) tDPT ( J) t MBT ( J) » WST ( J) fPUT ( J) » Tt ( J) «NTOC ( J)

52 91 FORMAT (6F10.2»I10)

53 90 CONTINUE

54 100 *<RITE(9) Dd»DPT,WBT»WST,PBTf TCtNTOC»UAY» YEAH»MONrH,CITY

55 IFdWRITE.EU.O) W«ITE(6»103) MONTH* DAY

56 103 FORMAT(2I10)

57 102 CONTINUE

58 CALL TPRCL

59 END FILE 9

60 STOP

61 End

WETHER-PNC PAGE 2
WlNTfeR-PNC PAGE 1

1 SUBROUTINE WINTER (A»U, ITYPE»NEXP»CFMt<T»UbIN,DbW f UG»TCjW»KMi.RHO)

2 DIMENSION A ( 30 ) .U < 30 ) I T YPE ( 30

)

3 CALL DBRH(DBwt»RHUt*IO)

t* CALL DBRH<D8IN»RHI,WI)

5 DT=D8IN-DB»/T

6 DW=WI-WO

7 qwints=i,oo*cfmwt«dt

8 QWIMTL=4,5«CFMWT*UW»i060.

9 DO 30 I=I»NEXP

10 IFdTYPEd) .EQ.6»0R.ITYPE(I) .EQ.7) GU TO JO

11 IFdTYPEd) .NE.5) GO TO 20

12 QWlNTS=QWlNTS*UG*Ad)«(DBIN-TGW)

13 GO TO 30

14 20 CONTINUE

15 QWlNTS=UWlNrS*Ud)«Ad)»DT

16 30 continue

17 total=qwints*uwintl

la WRITE(6»40) UWINTS»Ql^INTL» total

19 40 FORMAT (//• DEaTING LOAD IN BTU PER HOUR •/*

20 • SENSIBLE LOAD = »F10.0/*

21 • LATENT LOAD = 'FIO.O/*

22 • — ——— ——

23 » TOTAL LOAD = •FIO.O///)"

24 RETURN

25 END

WINTER-PNC PAGE 1

84 d
WKOAY-PNC PAGE 1

1 FUNCTION WKOAY (YR»MO»DAY)

2 % WKDAY=1 SUNDAY

3 % WKDAY=2 MONDAY

4 % WKDAY=3 TULSOAY

5 % WkDAY=4 WEDNESDAY

6 % WKDAY=5 THURSDAY

7 % WK0AY=6 FRIDAY

8 % WKDAY=7 SATURDAY

9 INTEGER YR DAY wKDAV t TDAf tFSTUAY

10 DlMENSION > STDAY (12) /31»b9, 90 1 120* lt>lt 161,212 2<»Jt 273, 304»JJ4, 36b/

11 N=YR/^

12 ND=pJ-485

13 IY=2

14 IF (ND.EQ.O) GO TO 40

15 IF (ND.LT.6) GO TO 10

16 IADD=2

17 GO TO 20

18 10 ND=-ND

19 IADD=-2

20 20 DO 30 J=1,NU

21 IY=IY-IADD

22 IF (IY.GT.7) lY=IY-7

23 IF (lY.EQ.O) IY=7

24 IF (lY.LT.O) IY=1Y*7

25 30 CONTINUE

26 40 MD=YR-N»4

27 IF (MD.EQ.O) l»rfK=lY 28 IF (MO.EU.l) IWK=IY*2

29 IF (MD.EQ.2) IWK=1Y*3

30 IF (MD.EQ.3) IWK=IY*4

31 IF (IWK.Gf.7) lWK=iWK-7

32 IF (MO.Nc.i) GO TO 50

33 TDAY=DAY-1

34 GO TO BO

35 50 00 60 J=2fl2

36 IF (MO.NE.J) GO TO 60

37 TDAY=FSTDAY (J-1) OAY-l

38 60 TO 70

39 60 CONTINUE

40 70 IF (MD.EQ.0.ANO.HO,GT.2) TDAY=TUAr*l

41 80 NTX=T0Ay/7

42 NDX=TDAY-7«NTX*IWK

43 IF (NDX.GTW) NDX=NUX-7

44 WKDAY=NDX

45 KV=YR/100

46 KTEST=YR-KV*100

47 IF (MO.GT.2.OR.KTEST.NE.0) GO TO 90

48 KV=K\/-1

49 90 LV=KV/4

50 LTEST=KV-LV»4

*«<KDAY-PNC PAGE 1

85d
WKDAY-PNC PAGE ?.

51 IF (LTEST.EQ.2) WKDAY=WKDAY*

1

52 IF (LTEST.EU.I) WKDAY=WK0AY*2

53 IF (LTEST.EU.O) WKDAY=WK0AY*3

54 WKDAY=WKDAY-3* (LV-^)

55 100 IF (WKDAY.LE.O) WKDAY=WKDAY*

7

56 IF (WKDAY.LE.O) GO TO lOU

57 IF (i»<KDAY.GT,7) WKDA Y=WKDA Y-7

56 RETURN

, 59 .

. END

i

WKDAY-PNC PAGE ?_

86d


NBS.114A t«EV. 7-73)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBSIR 74-574

2. Gov't Accession

No.

3. Recipient's Accession No.

4. riTLE AND SUBTITLE

N3SLD, Computer Program for Heating and Cooling Loads in Buildings

5. Publication Date November 1 , 1974

6. Performing Or^ianization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

Tanvrimi Kusuda

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WlkSMINCTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Wotk Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

National Bureau of Standards Housing and Urban Development

Department of Conmerce 451 7th Street, S.W.

Washington, D. C. 2 0234 Washington, D. C. 20410

13. Type of Report & Period Covered

Final Report

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-woTd or less Isctuml auomary of moat signilicant information. 11 document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, armttion it here.)

A comprehensive computer program called NBSLD, the National Bureau of Standards

Load Determination program, has been developed at NBS to reflect the time change of the

many building parameters which are pertinent to accurate estimation of energy usage for

heating and cooling. Currjent status of heating and cooling load techniques is reviewed.

Of general interest are unique featxires of NBSLD which are not available in existing coii

puter programs. A stimmary of various subroutines of NBSLD is given along with the detailed procedures for them. These subroutines constitute the recommended subroutine algorithms of the ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements. Complete Fortran listing of

NBSLD and data preparation forms are given for those who wish to use the program. The

NBSLD computation is on the basis of the detailed solution of simultaneous heat balance

equations at all the interior surfaces of a room or space. Transient heat conduction

through exterior walls in the interior structures is handled by using conduction transfer functions. The use of heat balance equations, although time consuming in calculation, can avoid the vagueness and uncertainties inherent in the more popularly used

weighting factor approach. In addition, it is more accurate for a specific building design.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons) ASHRAE Task Group On Energy Requirements; conduction transfer functions; heating and cooling load; National Bureau of Standards Heating and Cooling Load Computer Program

18. AVAILABILITY QT Unlimited 19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

21. NO. OF PAGES

1 For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

UNCL ASSIFIED

414

1

' Order From Sup. of Doc, U.S. Government Printing

Washinijton. D.C. 20402. SD Cat, No. CU

Office 20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

22. Price

1 X Order From National Technical Information Service

Springfield, Virginia 22151 (NTIS)

UNCLASSIFIED

USCOVM-DC 29042-P74