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Census of Transportation,

Communications, and Utilities

TC92-CF-1

1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Alabama

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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This report was prepared in the Services Division under the direction of James M. Aanestad,

Assistant Chief for Current Services and Transportation Programs, assisted by Robert E.

Crowther and Michael Hartz. Planning, implementation, and compiling of this report were under

the supervision of John L. Fowler, Chief, Commodity Flow Survey Branch, assisted by Wanda

Dougherty, Marilyn Quiles-Amaya, Debra Corbett, Bruce Dembroski, Maria Dixon, Shirley

Gray, Imelda Hall, Chris Harrod, Michael Jones, Bonnie Opalko, Joyce Price, Robin Roberts,

Barbara Selinske, Eli Serrano, and Joyce Ware.

The processing system and computer programs were developed under the general direction of

Don Dalzell, former Assistant Chief for Processing Systems, and Billy E. Stark, Assistant Chief,

Tabulation and Publication Systems, and current Assistant Chief, Processing Systems in the

Decennial Management Division. Implementation of these programs was under the direction of

Jonathan G. Ankers, Chief, Processing Support and Analyst Systems Branch, assisted by

Peter J. Long, Sandra Brunner, Charles Eargle, Karen Mitchell, Willie Robertson, Judy

Dawson, Nancy Rogers, and Donna Williams. Implementation of the tabulation and publication

programming was under the direction of Robert Hemmig, Chief, Publication Systems Branch,

Peggy Payne, Chief, Publications Support Branch, assisted by Sharon Fortuna, and Vicki Kee,

Chief, Tally Preparation Systems and Special Computer Projects Branch, assisted by Dianne

Simmons and Nancy Osbourn.

Sample design and statistical methodology were developed under the general direction of

Brian V. Greenberg and Ruth Ann Killion, former Assistant Chiefs, and Howard Hogan, current

Assistant Chief, Research and Methodology. Sample design including estimation and variance

methodology was under the supervision of Ruth E. Detlefsen, former Chief, and Patrick

Cantwell, current Chief, Program Research and Development Branch, assisted by Bob Smith,

Jock Black, B. Timothy Evans, Timothy Braam, William Knowlton, Colleen Sullivan, Cristina

Ibanez, and Kimberly Dane. Frame construction, sample control, imputation, and quality control

procedures were developed under the supervision of Carl A. Konschnik, Chief, Statistical

Methods Branch, assisted by Carol King and James Burton.

Coordination of data collection efforts was under the direction of the late John E. Halterman,

former Chief, and Judith N. Petty, current Chief, Data Preparation Division, assisted by Matthew

Aulbach, Kenneth Miller, Teresa Branstetter, and Services Division’s onsite analyst, Carlene

Bottorff.

The staff of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement

for publication and report forms. Margaret A. Smith provided publication coordination and editing.

We also acknowledge the support and assistance of the following Department of Transportation

(DOT) representatives in planning and designing the survey: Rolf Schmitt, George Wiggers,

Jane Bachner, Joel Palley, Mike Rossetti, and Alan Pisarski (transportation consultant to DOT).

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Center for Transportation Analysis, under the direction of

Michael Bronzini in support of a contract with DOT, provided all mileage data for this report, using

its transportation network modeling system.

Special acknowledgment is also due to the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed to the publication of these data.

Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to the Commodity Flow Survey

Branch, Services Division, Washington, DC 20233, telephone 301-457-2788 or 301-457-2114.

Acknowledgments
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1992 CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION,

COMMUNICATIONS, AND UTILITIES

Publications of the 1992 Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities containing data on: transportation, communications, and utilities establishments; characteristics of trucks;

and characteristics of commodity shipments are described below.

The first results were issued in press releases. Final detailed

statistics are issued in separate paperbound reports and compact

disc-read only memory (CD-ROM).

Copies of the reports are available from the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Post Office Box

371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. Order forms for the specific

reports or CD-ROM’s may be obtained from any Department of

Commerce district office, any Bureau of the Census State data

center or business/ industry data center, or from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-1900 or call

301-457-4100.

Final Reports

Truck Inventory and Use Survey—52 reports

(TC92-T-1 to -52)

This series includes a United States Summary and a separate

report for each State and the District of Columbia. Data cover the

physical and operational characteristics of the Nation’s private

and commercial truck resources, such as the number of vehicles,

major use, annual miles, model year, body type, vehicle size, fuel

type, operator classification, engine size, range of operation,

weeks operated, products carried, and hazardous materials

carried. The reports show comparative statistics reflecting percent changes in number of vehicles between 1987 and 1992 for

all characteristics.

1993 Commodity Flow Survey—141 reports

(TC92-CF-1 to -52(P) and TC92-CF-N1 to -89)

This series includes a preliminary United States Summary, a

set of National Transportation Analysis Region (NTAR) reports, a

set of State reports (including the District of Columbia), and a

final, more detailed United States Summary. Data cover the

characteristics of commodity shipments initiated by establishments engaged in manufacturing, mining, wholesale, and selected

retail, service, and auxiliary activities. The data include tons,

ton-miles, average miles and value of shipments, by commodity

and transportation mode. The NTAR and State reports include

data on NTAR-to-NTAR and State-to-State commodity shipments, respectively. The final United States Summary includes

more detailed commodity descriptions, data on containerized and

hazardous materials shipments, and supplemental data on availability and use of transportation equipment and facilities.

Geographic area series—1 report

(UC92-A-1)

The geographic area Summary report presents data for the

United States and States for establishments with payroll for

detailed kind-of-business classifications. Statistics on number of

establishments and revenue are also shown for States and

selected metropolitan areas (MA’s) by kind of business.

For each State, the District of Columbia, and the United

States, 1992 data are provided on revenue and employees per

establishment and on revenue and payroll per employee. Comparative statistics showing percent changes in revenue and

payroll between 1987 and 1992 also are shown for some

kind-of-business classifications.

Nonemployer statistics series—1 report

(UC92-N-1)

The Nonemployer Statistics report includes data by kind of

business for all establishments, establishments with payroll, and

establishments without payroll for the United States and States.

Subject series—2 reports

(UC92-S-1 to -2)

The Establishment and Firm Size report (UC92-S-1) presents

data for establishments with payroll, based on size of establishment, size of company or firm, and legal form of organization.

Establishment statistics are presented by revenue size and by

employment size; statistics for firms, by revenue size (including

concentration by largest firms), by employment size, and by

number of establishments operated (single units and multiunits).

These data are presented for the United States.

The Miscellaneous Subjects report (UC92-S-2) presents data

for the United States as a whole and, where feasible, for States

and MA’s for establishments with payroll. Data are provided for

some kinds of business on major sources of revenue; purchased

transportation; cost of purchased travel; revenue by class of

customer; and other miscellaneous subjects.

Electronic Media

All data included in future printed reports will be available on

CD-ROM. For the Commodity Flow Survey data, the CD-ROM

may provide greater detail than the printed reports with respect to

shipment distance, weight ranges, and origin to destination data

for the geographic reports. Electronic media products are available for users who wish to summarize, rearrange, or process

large amounts of data. In addition to CD-ROM’s containing data

from printed reports, there is a separate CD-ROM for the Truck

Inventory and Use Survey which contains microdata information

for each truck in the sample. The term microdata refers to the

unaggregated records for the individual responses. The records

are modified to avoid the possibility of identifying individual

households or establishments. These products, with corresponding technical documentation, are sold by Customer Services,

Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-1900.

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUS REPORTS

Data on retail trade, wholesale trade, service industries,

financial, insurance, real estate, construction industries, manufactures, mineral industries, enterprise statistics, minority-owned

business enterprises, and women-owned businesses also are

available from the 1992 Economic Census. A separate series of

reports covers the census of outlying areas—Puerto Rico, Virgin

Islands of the United States, Guam, and the Northern Marianas.

Separate announcements describing these reports are available

free of charge from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-1900.

Publication Program
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Census of Transportation,

Communications, and Utilities

TC92-CF-1

1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Alabama

Issued August 1996

U.S. Department of Commerce

Michael Kantor, Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

U.S. Department of Transportation

Federico Peña, Secretary

Mortimer L. Downey, Deputy Secretary

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS

T. R. Lakshmanan, Director

Rolf R. Schmitt, Associate Director for

Analysis and Data Development
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SERVICES DIVISION

Carole A. Ambler, Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Bryant Benton, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau (this report excluded). Order forms for all types of

products are available on request from Customer Services,

Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300. A

more complete description of publications being issued

from this census is on the inside back cover of this

document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, financial, insurance, and real

estate, as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all

economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY INTRODUCTION III
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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

IV INTRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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1993 Commodity Flow Survey

GENERAL

The 1993 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) provides data

on the movement of goods by mode of transportation.

These are the first data of this type published by the

Census Bureau since the 1977 Commodity Transportation

Survey (see appendix A for a comparison to previous

surveys). The data from the CFS are in great demand by

transportation analysts and decision makers as they work

towards improving the transportation infrastructure.

This report presents data at the State level. There are

reports for each of the 50 States and the District of

Columbia. The next series of reports to be released will be

at the National Transportation Analysis Region (NTAR).

There are 89 NTAR’s representing one or more Bureau of

Economic Analysis economic areas. A final United States

Summary report, reflecting all revisions based on the

geographic level analyses, will follow these reports.

COVERAGE

This sample survey produced measures of the movement of goods by major type of commodity shipped and

mode(s) of transportation used.

The 1993 CFS covered establishments in mining, manufacturing and wholesale trade, and selected retail and

service industries. The survey also covered selected auxiliary establishments (e.g., warehouses) of in-scope multiunit and retail companies. The survey coverage excluded

establishments classified as farms, forestry, fisheries, oil

and gas extraction, governments, construction, transportation, households, foreign establishments, and most establishments in retail and services.

The industries covered, as defined in the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC), are listed in

the following table:

SIC code Title

10, ex. 108 Metal mining (excluding metal mining

services)

12, ex. 124 Coal mining (excluding coal mining

services)

14, ex. 148 Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic

minerals, except fuels (excluding

nonmetallic minerals services)

20 Food and kindred products

21 Tobacco products

22 Textile mill products

23 Apparel and other finished products

made from fabrics and similar

materials

24 Lumber and wood products, except

furniture

25 Furniture and fixtures

26 Paper and allied products

27, ex. 279 Printing, publishing, and allied industries

(excluding service industries for the

printing trade)

28 Chemicals and allied products

29 Petroleum refining and related industries

30 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics

products

31 Leather and leather products

32 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products

33 Primary metal industries

34 Fabricated metal products, except

machinery and transportation equipment

35 Industrial and commercial machinery and

computer equipment

36 Electronic and other electrical equipment

and components, except computer

equipment

37 Transportation equipment

38 Measuring, analyzing, and controlling

instruments; photographic, medical and

optical goods; watches and clocks

39 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries

50 Wholesale trade—durable goods

51 Wholesale trade—nondurable goods

596 Catalog and mail-order houses

782 Motion picture and video tape distribution

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY V
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The source of the frame used for sampling in 1992 was

the Standard Statistical Establishment List (SSEL) of separate business locations with paid employees, maintained

by the Census Bureau. Establishments in these trade

areas that had non-zero payroll in at least one quarter of

1991 were included in the sampling frame of approximately

800,000 establishments.

MILEAGE CALCULATIONS

The Center for Transportation Analysis (CTA) at Oak

Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) developed an integrated transportation network modeling system to compute shipment mileages for the 1993 CFS. To enable

ORNL to compute mileages, the Census Bureau provided

files containing ZIP Code origin and destination pairs for all

reported shipments. To maintain confidentiality of reported

data, no information other than ZIP Codes was provided. A

ZIP Code pair was provided only once, regardless of the

number of shipments that moved between ZIP Codes. To

further protect confidentiality, the Census Bureau also

included dummy pairs of ZIP Code origin and destination in

the file sent to ORNL. The ORNL system used these

five-digit ZIP Codes of the shipment’s origin and destination, as input, and assumed the actual origin and destination points to be geographically located at the ZIP Code

centroids. The system computed mileages, by mode, for all

single modes and selected mode combinations for those

ZIP Code pairs we sent to ORNL. The mileages between

the origin-destination ZIP Code centroids were computed

by finding the minimum impedance path over mathematical

representations of the highway, rail, waterway, air, and

pipeline networks and summing the lengths of individual

links on these paths. Impedance is computed as a weighted

combination of distance, time, and cost factors.

The ORNL mileage network is composed of individual

modal-specific networks representing each of the major

transportation modes — highway, rail, waterway, air, and

pipeline. The links on these specific modal networks are

the representation of line-haul transportation facilities. The

nodes represent intersections and interchanges, and the

access points to the transportation network. For each

five-digit ZIP Code, dummy links are created from the ZIP

Code centroid to the nodes on the network to simulate

local access to the network with the objective being to

locate the nodes on the network that are the closest to the

given centroid. For the truck network, local access is

assumed to exist everywhere; however, for the other

modes this is not true. Before any dummy links are created

for these modes, a decision is made about whether the

mode is accessible from the ZIP Code region. For shipments involving more than one mode, such as truck-rail or

rail-water, links connecting the individual modal networks

are created to represent the transfer of freight between

modes. A measure of link impedance is calculated for each

link in each modal network based on various link characteristics for the specific mode. For example, the set of link

characteristics for the highway network included divided or

undivided roadway, degree of access control, rural or

urban setting, type of pavement, number of lanes, degree

of urban congestion, and length of the link. Link impedance

measures are also assigned to the local access links. A

minimum path algorithm is used to find the minimum

impedance path between the origin ZIP Code centroid and

the destination ZIP Code centroid. The cumulative length

of the links on this path is the shipment distance.

DISCLOSURE RULES

In accordance with Federal law governing census reports,

no data are published that would disclose the operations of

an individual firm or establishment.

ABOUT THE DATA

This section summarizes key points about the data that

will aid the user in analyzing and interpreting the tables

contained in this report.

Coverage Considerations

The CFS captured data on shipments originating from

selected types of business establishments located in the

50 States and the District of Columbia. The data do not

cover shipments originating from business establishments

located in Puerto Rico and other U.S. possessions and

territories. Shipments traversing the U.S. from a foreign

location to another foreign location (e.g., from Canada to

Mexico) are not included, nor are shipments from a foreign

location to a U.S. location. Imported products were included

in the CFS at the point that they left the importer’s

domestic location for shipment to another location. Shipments that were shipped through a foreign territory with

both the origin and destination in the U.S. were included in

the CFS data. The mileages calculated for these shipments exclude the international segments (e.g., shipments

from New York to Michigan through Canada do not include

any mileages for Canada). Export shipments were included,

with the domestic destination defined as the port of exit

from the U.S.

The ‘‘Coverage’’ section of this report lists the SIC

groups covered by the CFS. Other industry areas that were

not covered, but may have significant shipping activity,

include agriculture, government, and retail (other than

warehouses and SIC 5961, Catalog and Mail-Order Houses).

For agriculture specifically, this means that the CFS did not

cover shipments of agricultural products from the farm site

to the processing centers or terminal elevators (most likely

short-distance local movements), but did cover the shipments of these products from the initial processing centers

or terminal elevators onward.

VI 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Within mining, the CFS did not cover shipments from

establishments in SIC 13, Oil and Gas Extraction. The

majority of these establishments had undeliverable mailing

addresses, and due to the mailout/ mailback approach for

CFS, could not be included. Therefore, the CFS data do

not represent complete, or even primary, coverage of

crude petroleum, or natural gas shipments. The CFS

data most affected by this, other than data for these

specific commodities, are data for the pipeline and water

modes, given that a significant percentage of the total

tonnage moving by these modes are from crude petroleum

and/ or natural gas.

Mileage Data for Pipeline Shipments

In the tables, we do not show ton-miles or average miles

per shipment for pipeline shipments. For most of these

shipments, the respondents reported the shipment destination as a pipeline facility on the main pipeline network.

Therefore, for the majority of these shipments, the resulting mileage represented only the access distance through

feeder pipelines to the main pipeline network, and not the

actual distance through the main pipeline network. Pipeline shipments are included in the totals for ton-miles

and average miles per shipment.

Average Miles Per Shipment

For our calculation of average miles per shipment

(tables 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6) we excluded shipments of STCC

27, Printed Matter.

When transporting newspapers, magazines, catalogs,

etc., there is great variation in the meaning of ‘‘shipment’’.

A truckload of magazines traveling to a distribution point

may be viewed as one shipment or, as each magazine will

eventually be delivered to individual subscribers, thousands of shipments. To avoid overstating the impact of

short distance shipments of products in STCC 27, we

excluded shipments of STCC 27 from our calculation of

average miles.

All other variables in the tables (value, tons, and tonmiles) include shipments of STCC 27.

EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Commodity. Item that an establishment produces, sells,

or distributes. This does not include items that are considered as excess or byproducts of the establishment’s

operation. Respondents reported the description and the

five-digit STCC code for the major commodity contained in

the shipment, defined as the commodity with the greatest

weight in the total shipment.

Distance shipped. In table 3, shipment data are presented for various ‘‘distance shipped’’ intervals. Shipments were categorized into these ‘‘distance shipped’’

intervals based on the great circle distance between their

origin and destination ZIP Code centroids. All other distancerelated data in the tables (i.e., ton-miles and average miles

per shipment) are based on the mileage calculations

produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratories (see the

‘‘Mileage Calculations’’ section for more details).

Great circle distance. The shortest distance between

two points on the earth’s surface.

Mode of transportation. The type of transportation used

for moving the shipment to its domestic destination. For

exports, the domestic destination was the port of exit. On

the questionnaire, we defined the possible modes as

follows:

1. Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier. Delivery

services that carry letters, parcels, packages, and

other small shipments that typically weigh less than

100 pounds. Includes bus parcel delivery service.

2. Private truck. Trucks operated by a temporary or

permanent employee of an establishment or the buyer/

receiver of the shipment.

3. For-hire truck. Trucks that carry freight for a fee

collected from the shipper, recipient of the shipment,

or an arranger of the transportation.

4. Railroad. Any common carrier or private railroad.

5. Inland water and/ or Great Lakes. Barges, ships, or

ferries operating primarily on rivers and canals; on

harbors, the Great Lakes, the Saint Lawrence Seaway;

the Intracoastal Waterway, the Inside Passage to

Alaska, major bays and inlets; or on the ocean close to

the shoreline.

6. Deep sea water. Barges, ships, or ferries operating

primarily on the open ocean. Shipping on the Great

Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway is classified

with inland water. [Note: As part of the mileage

calculation operations, deep sea water shipments were

reclassified to more accurately reflect a shipment’s

route rather than vessel type. Therefore, in the tables,

‘‘deep sea water’’ as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans

or the Gulf of Mexico. Using this definition, deep sea as

a single mode (i.e., without an inland water component) is nearly impossible. Most shipments moving

primarily on the open ocean are tabulated under

‘‘inland water and deep sea.’’]

7. Pipeline. Movements of oil, petroleum, gas, slurry,

etc., through pipelines that extend to other establishments or locations beyond the shipper’s establishment. Aqueducts for the movement of water are not

included.

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8. Air. Movements using commercial or private aircraft,

and all air service for shipments that typically weigh

more than 100 pounds. Includes air freight and air

express.

9. Other mode. Any mode not listed above.

10. Mode unknown. The shipment was not carried by a

parcel delivery/ courier/ U.S. Postal Service, and the

respondent could not determine what mode of transportation was used.

In the tables, the above modes appear, as well as the

following additional mode descriptions:

1. Single modes. Shipments using only one of the abovelisted modes, except other and unknown.

2. Multiple modes. Shipments for which two or more of

the following modes of transportation were used:

a. Private truck.

b. For-hire truck.

c. Air.

d. Rail.

e. Inland water.

f. Great Lakes.

g. Deep sea water.

h. Pipeline.

We did not allow for multiple modes in combination

with ‘‘parcel delivery, U.S. Postal Service, or courier’’,

‘‘unknown’’, or ‘‘other’’, which, by their nature, may

already include various kinds of multiple-mode activity.

For example, if the respondent reported a shipment’s

mode of transportation as parcel and air, we treated the

shipment as parcel only.

3. Other modes. Shipments for which mode was not

reported, or was recorded as ‘‘Other’’ or ‘‘Unknown.’’

Also, shipments using any other mode or mode combinations not specifically listed in the table.

4. Truck. For-hire truck and/ or private truck.

5. Water. Inland water and/ or Great Lakes and/ or deep

sea water.

6. Great Lakes. On the questionnaire, ‘‘Inland water

and/ or Great Lakes’’ appeared as one mode. In the

tables in this publication, ‘‘Great Lakes’’ appears as a

separate mode. The transportation network and mileage calculation system that Oak Ridge National Laboratories developed for this survey allowed for separate

mileage calculations for inland water and Great Lakes

between the origin and destination ZIP Codes (see the

‘‘Mileage Calculations’’ section for more details). Therefore, a shipment reported as using inland water and/ or

Great Lakes can appear in the tables as a single mode

inland water shipment, or a single mode Great Lakes

shipment, or a multiple mode inland water and Great

Lakes shipment.

7. Inland water. On the questionnaire, ‘‘Inland water

and/ or Great Lakes’’ appeared as one mode. In the

tables in this publication, ‘‘Inland water’’ appears as a

separate mode. See the ‘‘Great Lakes’’ section above

for the explanation.

Shipment. A shipment (or delivery) is an individual movement of commodities from an establishment to a customer

or to another location of the originating company (including

a warehouse, distribution center, retail or wholesale outlet). A shipment uses one or more modes of transportation

including parcel delivery, U.S. Postal Service, courier,

private truck, for-hire truck, rail, water, pipeline, air, and

other modes.

Standard TransportationCommodity Classification(STCC).

A commodity coding system that the Association of American Railroads developed and maintains. The 1993 Commodity Flow Survey used this classification system at the

five-digit level.

Ton-miles. The weight times the mileage for a shipment.

The respondents reported shipment weight in pounds, as

described below. Mileage was calculated as the distance

between the shipment origin and destination ZIP Codes.

For shipments by truck, rail, or inland water/ Great Lakes,

the mileage excludes international segments. For example,

mileages from Alaska to the continental United States

exclude any mileages through Canada (see the ‘‘Mileage

Calculations’’ section for more details). Aggregated poundmiles were converted to ton-miles. The tables in this

publication show ton-miles in millions.

Tons shipped. The total weight of the entire shipment.

Respondents reported the weight in pounds. Aggregated

pounds were converted to short-tons (2,000 pounds). The

tables in this publication show tons in thousands.

Total modal activity. The overall activity (e.g., ton-miles)

of a specific mode of transportation, whether used in a

single-mode shipment, or as part of a multiple-mode

shipment. For example, the total modal activity for private

truck is the total ton-miles carried by private truck in

single-mode shipments, combined with the total ton-miles

carried by private truck in all multiple-mode shipments that

include private truck (private truck and for-hire truck,

private truck and rail, private truck and air, etc.). ‘‘Total

modal activity’’ appears in table 2 of this publication.

Value of shipments. The dollar value of the entire shipment. This was defined as the net selling value, f.o.b. plant,

exclusive of freight charges and excise taxes. The tables in

this publication show value in millions of dollars.

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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing

data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to

high sampling variability or other reasons.

CFS Commodity Flow Survey.

CTS Commodity Transportation Survey.

CV Coefficient of Variation.

lb Pounds.

N.E.C. Not Elsewhere Classified.

NTAR National Transportation Analysis Region.

SIC Standard Industrial Classification.

SSEL Standard Statistical Establishment List.

STCC Standard Transportation Commodity Classification.

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Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

Information shown in tables

Tables

123456 7

Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X

Tons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X

Ton-miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X

Average miles per shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X

Mode of transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X

Distance shipped............................................... X

Shipment size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X

Commodity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X

State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X

X USERS’ GUIDE TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Contents

Alabama

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

1993 Commodity Flow Survey V .....................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number X ..................

TABLES

1. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for State of Origin: 1993 3 ....

2. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for State of Origin: 1993 3 ........

3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993 4 .......................................................

4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State

of Origin: 1993 ............................................................ 7

5. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity for State of Origin: 1993 10 ................

6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993 ............................................................... 11

7. Shipment Characteristics by State of Destination for State of Origin: 1993 23 ........

APPENDIXES

A. Comparability With Previous Surveys A–1 ..........................................

B. Reliability of the Data B–1 ........................................................

C. Sample Design, Survey Methodology, and Estimation C–1 ...........................

D. Standard Transportation Commodity Classification Code Information D–1 ..............

E. Sample Report Forms and Instructions E–1 ........................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

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Table 1. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number (million dollars) PercentNumber (thousands) PercentNumber

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

All modes 88 ....................................... 845 100.0 218 864 100.0 40 772 100.0 248

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 4 ....................... 022 4.5 176 .1 97 .2 498

Private truck 34 .............................................. 001 38.3 92 952 42.5 6 639 16.3 58

For-hire truck 39 ............................................. 223 44.1 77 924 35.6 15 740 38.6 423

Air....................................................... 80 .1 – – – – 848

Rail ...................................................... 6 477 7.3 27 075 12.4 14 167 34.7 725

Inland water 701 .............................................. .8 3 253 1.5 887 2.2 190

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. (S) – (S) – (S) – (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 188 .............................. .2 163 .1 38 .1 215

Truck and air 1 ............................................. 146 1.3 14 – 16 – 923

Truck and rail 293 ............................................. .3 421 .2 230 .6 1 208

Truck and water 227 .......................................... .3 3 543 1.6 1 593 3.9 588

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water (D) ............................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) ................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 2 ................................. 300 2.6 12 704 5.8 969 2.4 164

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

Calculation of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation. 2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

Table 2. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal

Activity for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not

add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation1

Ton-miles2

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment2

Total 40 ................................... 772 100.0 248

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier, total 97 ......... .2 498

Truck, total 22 ...................................... 624 55.5 136

Air, total 15 ........................................ – 865

Rail, total 14 ....................................... 472 35.5 740

Inland water, total 2 ................................ 398 5.9 436

Great Lakes, total – ................................ – (S)

Deep sea water, total (S) ............................ (S) (S)

Pipeline, total (S) .................................... – (S)

Other and unknown modes, total 969 .................. 2.4 164

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their respective totals.

However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Data represent activity for a given mode across single and multiple mode shipments. For

example, total truck activity includes private truck and/ or for-hire truck single mode combined with private

and for-hire truck segments of all multiple mode trips including truck. 2Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle

Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation. Calculation of

average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data"

section of this report for further explanation.

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Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

ALL MODES

Total........................................................ 88 845 100.0 218 864 100.0 40 772 100.0

Less than 50 miles 20 ................................................... 698 23.3 124 630 56.9 3 276 8.0

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... 9 695 10.9 30 470 13.9 2 854 7.0

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... 15 340 17.3 28 628 13.1 6 842 16.8

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... 16 270 18.3 17 526 8.0 8 588 21.1

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... 14 661 16.5 10 323 4.7 7 803 19.1

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... 6 303 7.1 3 980 1.8 4 284 10.5 1,000 to 1,499 miles 1 .................................................. 884 2.1 1 158 .5 1 660 4.1 1,500 to 1,999 miles 2 .................................................. 776 3.1 1 708 .8 4 145 10.2 2,000 miles or more 1 .................................................. 219 1.4 440 .2 1 320 3.2

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 4 ............................ 022 100.0 176 100.0 97 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... 347 8.6 23 12.8 1 .7 50 to 99 miles ....................................................... 397 9.9 20 11.4 2 1.9 100 to 249 miles ..................................................... 668 16.6 34 19.1 7 7.0 250 to 499 miles ..................................................... 769 19.1 34 19.2 16 16.0 500 to 749 miles ..................................................... 702 17.5 30 16.9 22 22.5

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... 549 13.7 21 11.7 21 21.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. 224 5.6 7 4.0 10 10.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. 289 7.2 6 3.5 13 13.4

2,000 miles or more .................................................. 76 1.9 2 1.4 6 6.5

Private truck .................................................... 34 001 100.0 92 952 100.0 6 639 100.0

Less than 50 miles 14 ................................................... 325 42.1 66 657 71.7 1 608 24.2

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... 6 228 18.3 13 971 15.0 1 251 18.9

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... 7 859 23.1 8 317 8.9 1 535 23.1

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... 3 332 9.8 2 750 3.0 1 162 17.5

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... 1 536 4.5 933 1.0 649 9.8

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... 417 1.2 201 .2 201 3.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. 138 .4 52 .1 72 1.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. 126 .4 52 .1 113 1.7

2,000 miles or more .................................................. (S) (S) 19 – 48 .7

For-hire truck 39 ................................................... 223 100.0 77 924 100.0 15 740 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... 4 277 10.9 39 886 51.2 1 191 7.6

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... 2 447 6.2 13 601 17.5 1 274 8.1

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... 5 512 14.1 8 483 10.9 1 647 10.5

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... 9 094 23.2 7 257 9.3 3 197 20.3

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... 10 170 25.9 5 288 6.8 3 807 24.2

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... 4 066 10.4 2 015 2.6 2 026 12.9 1,000 to 1,499 miles 1 .................................................. 271 3.2 614 .8 837 5.3 1,500 to 1,999 miles 1 .................................................. 666 4.2 611 .8 1 319 8.4 2,000 miles or more .................................................. 720 1.8 169 .2 440 2.8

Air .............................................................. 80 100.0 – 100.0 – 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... – –––– –

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) – 15.8 – 13.4

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... 44 55.3 – 35.5 – 44.1

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – (S) – (S) – (S)

2,000 miles or more .................................................. (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Rail ............................................................. 6 477 100.0 27 075 100.0 14 167 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... 531 8.2 5 950 22.0 267 1.9 50 to 99 miles ....................................................... 293 4.5 1 919 7.1 217 1.5 100 to 249 miles ..................................................... 598 9.2 5 918 21.9 1 512 10.7 250 to 499 miles ..................................................... 2 224 34.3 6 212 22.9 3 445 24.3 500 to 749 miles ..................................................... 1 368 21.1 3 863 14.3 3 145 22.2

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... 777 12.0 1 641 6.1 1 915 13.5

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. 144 2.2 457 1.7 700 4.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. 464 7.2 981 3.6 2 570 18.1

2,000 miles or more .................................................. 78 1.2 135 .5 395 2.8

Inland water .................................................... 701 100.0 3 253 100.0 887 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... (S) (S) 506 15.6 63 7.1

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... 154 21.9 1 167 35.9 348 39.2

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... 208 29.7 659 20.2 409 46.1

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – –––– – 2,000 miles or more .................................................. – –––– –

Great Lakes..................................................... – –––– –

Less than 50 miles ................................................... – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ....................................................... – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ..................................................... – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ..................................................... – –––– – 500 to 749 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – –––– –

2,000 miles or more .................................................. – –––– –

Deep sea water ................................................. – –––– –

Less than 50 miles ................................................... – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ....................................................... – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ..................................................... – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

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Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – –––– –

2,000 miles or more .................................................. – –––– –

Pipeline2 ........................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Less than 50 miles ................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... – –––– –

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... – –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. – –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – –––– – 2,000 miles or more .................................................. – –––– –

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 188 .................................. 100.0 163 100.0 38 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... 70 37.3 47 28.8 3 6.7

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... 20 10.8 (S) (S) – (S)

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) 3 6.9

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) 23 13.9 10 26.3

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... 32 17.0 21 12.7 14 36.9

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. – – – – – (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – –––– – 2,000 miles or more .................................................. – –––– –

Truck and air.................................................... 1 146 100.0 14 100.0 16 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ....................................................... 9 .8 – (S) – (S) 100 to 249 miles ..................................................... 62 5.4 1 3.7 – 1.2 250 to 499 miles ..................................................... 241 21.1 2 14.2 1 8.1 500 to 749 miles ..................................................... 518 45.2 (S) (S) – (S)

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... 134 11.7 2 14.5 2 13.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. 44 3.8 1 6.1 1 7.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. 110 9.6 1 7.1 2 12.8

2,000 miles or more .................................................. 27 2.4 1 4.2 2 13.6

Truck and rail ................................................... 293 100.0 421 100.0 230 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S) 250 to 499 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) 56 13.3 29 12.7 500 to 749 miles ..................................................... 113 38.4 67 15.9 67 29.3

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... 60 20.3 23 5.6 28 12.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. 41 14.0 16 3.7 39 17.1

2,000 miles or more .................................................. 32 11.0 12 2.8 35 15.2

Truck and water................................................. 227 100.0 3 543 100.0 1 593 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – –

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... 148 64.9 (S) (S) 1 492 93.6

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... 50 21.8 (S) (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. (S) (S) – – – –

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

2,000 miles or more .................................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Truck and pipeline2.............................................. – –––– –

Less than 50 miles ................................................... – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... – –––– –

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – –––– –

2,000 miles or more .................................................. – –––– –

Rail and water................................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles ................................................... – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... – –––– –

100 to 249 miles ..................................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

250 to 499 miles ..................................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – –––– –

2,000 miles or more .................................................. – –––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .................................... –––– –

Less than 50 miles ................................................... – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ....................................................... – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ..................................................... – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ..................................................... – –––– – 500 to 749 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA nn5
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 15:52:50 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_3_01 PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-15522038.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:52:25 UTF:TIPS93-15522038.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:52:25 META:TIPS96-15522038.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:52:44

Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon. 750 to 999 miles ..................................................... – –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. – –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – –––– – 2,000 miles or more .................................................. – –––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) ....................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles ................................................... – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ....................................................... – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ..................................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 250 to 499 miles ..................................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 500 to 749 miles ..................................................... – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... – –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. – –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. – –––– – 2,000 miles or more .................................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 2 ...................................... 300 100.0 12 704 100.0 969 100.0

Less than 50 miles ................................................... 920 40.0 10 853 85.4 (S) (S) 50 to 99 miles ....................................................... 195 8.5 (S) (S) (S) (S) 100 to 249 miles ..................................................... 293 12.8 857 6.7 183 18.9 250 to 499 miles ..................................................... 262 11.4 327 2.6 149 15.4 500 to 749 miles ..................................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

750 to 999 miles ..................................................... 272 11.8 52 .4 52 5.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles .................................................. 37 1.6 19 .1 26 2.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles .................................................. 75 3.3 38 .3 80 8.2 2,000 miles or more .................................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

6nn ALABAMA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:43 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_4_01 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-15562969.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:31 UTF:TIPS93-15562969.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:31 META:TIPS96-15562969.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:40

Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State of

Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

ALL MODES

Total 88 ............................................ 845 100.0 218 864 100.0 40 772 100.0 248

Less than 50 lb 4 ........................................... 953 5.6 175 .1 50 .1 302

50 to 99 lb 1 ............................................... 872 2.1 132 .1 29 .1 230

100 to 499 lb 5 ............................................. 619 6.3 923 .4 173 .4 186

500 to 749 lb 2 ............................................. 112 2.4 428 .2 86 .2 202

750 to 999 lb 1 ............................................. 426 1.6 376 .2 75 .2 196

1,000 to 9,999 lb 16 .......................................... 066 18.1 7 417 3.4 1 747 4.3 233 10,000 to 49,999 lb 42 ....................................... 732 48.1 65 602 30.0 15 248 37.4 224 50,000 to 99,999 lb 6 ....................................... 316 7.1 89 910 41.1 7 021 17.2 74 100,000 lb or more 7 ........................................ 750 8.7 53 900 24.6 16 344 40.1 543

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 4 ................. 022 100.0 176 100.0 97 100.0 498

Less than 50 lb 2 ........................................... 356 58.6 87 49.4 40 40.7 481 50 to 99 lb 753 ............................................... 18.7 27 15.3 15 15.8 588 100 to 499 lb 693 ............................................. 17.2 46 26.3 31 31.7 684 500 to 749 lb (S) ............................................. (S) 13 7.6 10 10.0 709 750 to 999 lb 22 ............................................. .5 2 1.4 2 1.9 821

1,000 to 9,999 lb – .......................................... ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ........................................ ––––– –

Private truck 34 ......................................... 001 100.0 92 952 100.0 6 639 100.0 58

Less than 50 lb 1 ........................................... 243 3.7 68 .1 3 – 39

50 to 99 lb 718 ............................................... 2.1 83 .1 4 .1 49

100 to 499 lb 2 ............................................. 813 8.3 676 .7 40 .6 56

500 to 749 lb 1 ............................................. 077 3.2 319 .3 22 .3 69

750 to 999 lb 677 ............................................. 2.0 280 .3 19 .3 66

1,000 to 9,999 lb 7 .......................................... 757 22.8 5 009 5.4 525 7.9 99

10,000 to 49,999 lb 16 ....................................... 313 48.0 35 571 38.3 3 385 51.0 92

50,000 to 99,999 lb 3 ....................................... 030 8.9 45 777 49.2 2 334 35.2 52

100,000 lb or more 373 ........................................ 1.1 5 168 5.6 307 4.6 (S)

For-hire truck 39 ........................................ 223 100.0 77 924 100.0 15 740 100.0 423

Less than 50 lb 317 ........................................... .8 12 – 5 – 491

50 to 99 lb 250 ............................................... .6 18 – 7 – 543

100 to 499 lb 1 ............................................. 829 4.7 179 .2 95 .6 578

500 to 749 lb 729 ............................................. 1.9 87 .1 52 .3 640

750 to 999 lb 699 ............................................. 1.8 87 .1 53 .3 607

1,000 to 9,999 lb 7 .......................................... 650 19.5 2 242 2.9 1 129 7.2 555 10,000 to 49,999 lb 24 ....................................... 562 62.6 28 987 37.2 10 847 68.9 383 50,000 to 99,999 lb 2 ....................................... 659 6.8 39 781 51.1 2 815 17.9 71 100,000 lb or more 529 ........................................ 1.3 6 530 8.4 737 4.7 205

Air .................................................. 80 100.0 – 100.0 – 100.0 848

Less than 50 lb 77 ........................................... 95.9 – 73.2 – 81.8 848

50 to 99 lb (S) ............................................... (S) – 9.4 – (S) (S)

100 to 499 lb – ............................................. .3 – 15.7 – (S) (S)

500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – .......................................... .2 – 1.7 – – (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ........................................ ––––– –

Rail 6 .................................................. 477 100.0 27 075 100.0 14 167 100.0 725

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... – – – – – (S)

50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – ............................................. – – – – – (S)

500 to 749 lb – ............................................. – – – – – (S)

750 to 999 lb – ............................................. – – – – – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 8 .......................................... .1 4 – 3 – 704 10,000 to 49,999 lb 609 ....................................... 9.4 319 1.2 366 2.6 1 111 50,000 to 99,999 lb 326 ....................................... 5.0 885 3.3 493 3.5 566 100,000 lb or more 5 ........................................ 534 85.4 25 868 95.5 13 305 93.9 700

Inland water 701 ......................................... 100.0 3 253 100.0 887 100.0 190

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (D) .......................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) ....................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) ....................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more 619 ........................................ 88.3 3 180 97.8 859 96.8 305

Great Lakes – ......................................... ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – .......................................... ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ........................................ ––––– –

Deep sea water – ...................................... ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA nn7
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:43 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_4_01 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-15562969.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:31 UTF:TIPS93-15562969.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:31 META:TIPS96-15562969.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:40

Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – .......................................... ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ........................................ ––––– –

Pipeline2 ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – .......................................... .2 – .1 – – (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ....................................... .1 – – – – (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) ....................................... (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) ........................................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 188 ....................... 100.0 163 100.0 38 100.0 215

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– –

100 to 499 lb (S) ............................................. (S) – .2 – – (S)

500 to 749 lb – ............................................. .2 – .1 – – (S)

750 to 999 lb – ............................................. .1 – .1 – – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 74 .......................................... 39.4 41 24.8 8 20.3 181

10,000 to 49,999 lb 105 ....................................... 55.7 67 41.0 25 66.5 358

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) ....................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) ........................................ (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

Truck and air 1 ........................................ 146 100.0 14 100.0 16 100.0 923

Less than 50 lb 765 ........................................... 66.8 2 18.0 3 16.0 891

50 to 99 lb 105 ............................................... 9.1 1 6.6 2 9.6 1 740

100 to 499 lb 134 ............................................. 11.7 3 18.5 3 21.7 1 339

500 to 749 lb 23 ............................................. 2.0 1 6.7 1 8.2 1 328

750 to 999 lb (S) ............................................. (S) – 2.6 – (S) (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 57 .......................................... 5.0 2 11.1 2 10.7 1 091 10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) ....................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ....................................... – – 2.4 – (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more – ........................................ ––––– –

Truck and rail 293 ........................................ 100.0 421 100.0 230 100.0 1 208

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) .......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 254 ....................................... 86.6 117 27.7 162 70.5 1 556 50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) ....................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) ........................................ (S) 297 70.5 59 25.8 (S)

Truck and water 227 ..................................... 100.0 3 543 100.0 1 593 100.0 588

Less than 50 lb (S) ........................................... (S) – – – – (S) 50 to 99 lb ............................................... – .1 – – – – (S)

100 to 499 lb (S) ............................................. (S) – – – – (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) ............................................. (S) – – – – (S) 750 to 999 lb – ............................................. .1 – – – – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) .......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 46 ....................................... 20.2 19 .5 35 2.2 2 154

50,000 to 99,999 lb 123 ....................................... 54.2 2 949 83.2 1 283 80.5 436

100,000 lb or more (S) ........................................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2 .................................. – ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – .......................................... ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ........................................ ––––– –

Rail and water (D) ....................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – .......................................... ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more (D) ........................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ........................ ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

8nn ALABAMA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:43 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_4_01 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-15562969.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:31 UTF:TIPS93-15562969.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:31 META:TIPS96-15562969.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:56:40

Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – .......................................... ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – ....................................... ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – ........................................ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) ........................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ........................................... ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ............................................... – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – ............................................. ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – ............................................. ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (D) .......................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) ....................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) ....................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more (D) ........................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 2 ........................... 300 100.0 12 704 100.0 969 100.0 164

Less than 50 lb 194 ........................................... 8.4 5 – 1 .1 140 50 to 99 lb 43 ............................................... 1.9 3 – (S) – (S) 100 to 499 lb 146 ............................................. 6.4 19 .1 3 .3 129 500 to 749 lb 86 ............................................. 3.7 7 .1 (S) – (S) 750 to 999 lb 18 ............................................. .8 5 – – – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 449 .......................................... 19.5 107 .8 51 5.2 381 10,000 to 49,999 lb 601 ....................................... 26.1 466 3.7 251 25.9 564 50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) ....................................... (S) 418 3.3 68 7.0 (S)

100,000 lb or more 607 ........................................ 26.4 11 673 91.9 594 61.3 254

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

Calculation of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation. 2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA nn9
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:01:04 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_5_01 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-16004650.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:00:49 UTF:TIPS93-16004650.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:00:49 META:TIPS96-16004650.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:01:02

Table 5. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC

code Commodity description Value

(million dollars)

Tons

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles per

shipment1

ALL COMMODITIES

Total..................................................................................... 88 845 218 864 40 772 248

01 Farm products .................................................................................... 919 2 113 431 494

08 Forest products ................................................................................... 85 4 805 516 (S)

09 Fresh fish or other marine products ................................................................. 145 47 (S) (S)

10 Metallic ores ...................................................................................... 109 323 66 220

11 Coal ............................................................................................. 971 31 130 3 589 112

13 Crude petroleum, natural gas, or gasoline ............................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

14 Nonmetallic minerals............................................................................... 287 26 979 1 897 56

19 Ordnance or accessories ........................................................................... 152 (S) (S) (S)

20 Food or kindred products........................................................................... 12 152 13 707 2 776 61

21 Tobacco products, excluding insecticides ............................................................ 783 39 11 189

22 Textile mill products ............................................................................... 4 169 1 287 523 520

23 Apparel or other finished textile products............................................................. 5 406 417 226 642

24 Lumber or wood products, excluding furniture ........................................................ 3 977 49 525 4 407 108

25 Furniture or fixtures ................................................................................ 1 330 495 385 473

26 Pulp, paper, or allied products ...................................................................... 6 271 11 850 7 288 255

27 Printed matter..................................................................................... (S) (S) (S) –

28 Chemicals or allied products ........................................................................ 8 079 7 787 2 826 344

29 Petroleum or coal products ......................................................................... 5 181 30 039 3 713 62

30 Rubber or miscellaneous plastics products ........................................................... 3 078 928 546 269

31 Leather or leather products ......................................................................... 604 37 17 345

32 Clay, concrete, glass, or stone products ............................................................. 1 284 16 974 1 946 88

33 Primary metal products............................................................................. 8 307 10 597 6 241 310

34 Fabricated metal products .......................................................................... 3 053 1 388 538 362

35 Machinery, excluding electrical ...................................................................... 4 094 455 205 228

36 Electrical machinery, equipment, or supplies.......................................................... 5 229 569 603 354

37 Transportation equipment .......................................................................... 5 892 1 236 655 224

38 Instruments, photographic goods, optical goods, watches, or clocks 972 .................................... (S) 12 266

39 Miscellaneous products of manufacturing ............................................................ 911 195 121 461

40 Waste or scrap materials ........................................................................... 556 2 678 706 156

41 Miscellaneous freight shipments..................................................................... 2 631 669 113 208

42 Containers, carriers or devices, shipping, returned empty (D) .............................................. (D) (D) (D)

48 Waste hazardous materials or waste hazardous substances (D) ............................................ (D) (D) (D)

m Commodity unknown............................................................................... 641 161 37 243

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

Calculation of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation.

10nn ALABAMA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:45 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_6_01 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 UTF:TIPS93-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 META:TIPS96-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:27

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

ALL COMMODITIES

Total 88 ............................................ 845 100.0 218 864 100.0 40 772 100.0 248

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 4 ....................... 022 4.5 176 .1 97 .2 498

Private truck 34 .............................................. 001 38.3 92 952 42.5 6 639 16.3 58

For-hire truck 39 ............................................. 223 44.1 77 924 35.6 15 740 38.6 423

Air....................................................... 80 .1 – – – – 848

Rail ...................................................... 6 477 7.3 27 075 12.4 14 167 34.7 725

Inland water 701 .............................................. .8 3 253 1.5 887 2.2 190

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. (S) – (S) – (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 188 .............................. .2 163 .1 38 .1 215

Truck and air 1 ............................................. 146 1.3 14 – 16 – 923

Truck and rail 293 ............................................. .3 421 .2 230 .6 1 208

Truck and water 227 .......................................... .3 3 543 1.6 1 593 3.9 588

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water (D) ............................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) ................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 2 ................................. 300 2.6 12 704 5.8 969 2.4 164

STCC 01, FARM PRODUCTS

Total 919 ............................................ 100.0 2 113 100.0 431 100.0 494

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ....................... (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Private truck 483 .............................................. 52.5 1 189 56.3 188 43.7 106

For-hire truck 383 ............................................. 41.7 709 33.6 163 37.8 300

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) – – – (S)

STCC 08, FOREST PRODUCTS

Total 85 ............................................ 100.0 4 805 100.0 516 100.0 (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ....................... (S) – – – – (S)

Private truck 58 .............................................. 67.9 2 608 54.3 206 39.8 103

For-hire truck 24 ............................................. 28.7 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... – ––––– –

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– –

Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA nn11
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:45 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_6_01 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 UTF:TIPS93-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 META:TIPS96-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:27

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 09, FRESH FISH OR OTHER MARINE

PRODUCTS

Total 145 ............................................ 100.0 47 100.0 (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ....................... – – – – – (S)

Private truck 69 .............................................. 47.8 15 32.7 6 13.7 355

For-hire truck 74 ............................................. 51.5 14 29.0 12 25.6 943

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– –

Truck and air – ............................................. – – (S) – – (S)

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – ................................. ––––– –

STCC 10, METALLIC ORES

Total 109 ............................................ 100.0 323 100.0 66 100.0 220

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ....................... (S) – – – – 248

Private truck – .............................................. (S) – – – – (S)

For-hire truck (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) ................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 11, COAL

Total 971 ............................................ 100.0 31 130 100.0 3 589 100.0 112

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ....................... ––––– – Private truck (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) For-hire truck 442 ............................................. 45.5 13 334 42.8 682 19.0 52 Air....................................................... – ––––– – Rail ...................................................... 97 10.0 2 553 8.2 672 18.7 207

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water 133 .......................................... 13.7 3 386 10.9 1 514 42.2 443

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water (S) ............................................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 210 ................................. 21.7 9 552 30.7 230 6.4 58

12nn ALABAMA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:45 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_6_01 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 UTF:TIPS93-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 META:TIPS96-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:27

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 13, CRUDE PETROLEUM, NATURAL GAS,

OR GASOLINE

Total (S) ............................................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ....................... ––––– –

Private truck (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... – ––––– –

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water (S) .......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 14, NONMETALLIC MINERALS

Total 287 ............................................ 100.0 26 979 100.0 1 897 100.0 56

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ....................... ––––– –

Private truck 129 .............................................. 45.1 15 714 58.2 487 25.7 31

For-hire truck 136 ............................................. 47.4 8 316 30.8 671 35.4 85

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... 18 6.2 2 355 8.7 692 36.5 318

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and rail (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) 41 2.2 (S) Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 2 ................................. .6 (S) (S) (S) – (S)

STCC 19, ORDNANCE OR ACCESSORIES

Total 152 ............................................ 100.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ....................... (S) – (S) – (S) (S)

Private truck (D) .............................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) For-hire truck 66 ............................................. 43.2 5 30.7 (S) (S) (S) Air....................................................... – ––––– – Rail ...................................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air (S) ............................................. (S) – (S) – – (S) Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water (S) .......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA nn13
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:45 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_6_01 PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 UTF:TIPS93-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 META:TIPS96-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:27

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 20, FOOD OR KINDRED PRODUCTS

Total 12 ............................................ 152 100.0 13 707 100.0 2 776 100.0 61

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 2 ....................... – – – – – 427

Private truck 8 .............................................. 843 72.8 9 884 72.1 1 021 36.8 44

For-hire truck 2 ............................................. 783 22.9 2 491 18.2 1 252 45.1 511

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... 132 1.1 446 3.3 249 9.0 820

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. (S) 64 .5 20 .7 261

Truck and air (S) ............................................. – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water (S) .......................................... – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 66 ................................. .5 262 1.9 (S) – (S)

STCC 21, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, EXCLUDING

INSECTICIDES

Total 783 ............................................ 100.0 39 100.0 11 100.0 189

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 8 ....................... 1.0 – .9 – 3.1 931

Private truck 666 .............................................. 85.1 29 74.4 2 19.5 82

For-hire truck 109 ............................................. 13.9 10 24.7 9 76.6 929

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... – ––––– –

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water – .......................................... – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – ................................. ––––– –

STCC 22, TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

Total 4 ............................................ 169 100.0 1 287 100.0 523 100.0 520

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 44 ....................... 1.1 4 .3 3 .5 662 Private truck 2 .............................................. 017 48.4 518 40.2 104 20.0 143 For-hire truck 1 ............................................. 985 47.6 710 55.1 381 72.9 768 Air....................................................... – ––––– – Rail ...................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) 21 4.0 1 667

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S) Truck and air 1 ............................................. – – – – – 993 Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water (S) .......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 40 ................................. 1.0 (S) (S) 5 1.0 337

14nn ALABAMA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:45 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_6_01 PAGE: 5

TSF:TIPS92-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 UTF:TIPS93-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 META:TIPS96-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:27

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 23, APPAREL OR OTHER FINISHED

TEXTILE PRODUCTS

Total 5 ............................................ 406 100.0 417 100.0 226 100.0 642

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 347 ....................... 6.4 11 2.6 10 4.2 810

Private truck 1 .............................................. 830 33.8 176 42.1 32 14.2 199

For-hire truck 3 ............................................. 126 57.8 221 53.0 177 78.5 613

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... – – – – – – (S)

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– –

Truck and air (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 73 ................................. 1.4 9 2.1 5 2.3 (S)

STCC 24, LUMBER OR WOOD PRODUCTS,

EXCLUDING FURNITURE

Total 3 ............................................ 977 100.0 49 525 100.0 4 407 100.0 108

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ....................... (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Private truck 2 .............................................. 182 54.9 31 427 63.5 1 797 40.8 62

For-hire truck 1 ............................................. 417 35.6 16 859 34.0 1 773 40.2 146

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... 283 7.1 1 094 2.2 768 17.4 724

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. – – – – – (S) Truck and air – ............................................. – – – – – (S) Truck and rail 1 ............................................. – 3 – (S) – (S) Truck and water – .......................................... – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. – – – (S) – (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 58 ................................. 1.4 105 .2 62 1.4 (S)

STCC 25, FURNITURE OR FIXTURES

Total 1 ............................................ 330 100.0 495 100.0 385 100.0 473

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 22 ....................... 1.7 5 1.0 3 .9 657 Private truck 386 .............................................. 29.0 157 31.6 71 18.4 143 For-hire truck 856 ............................................. 64.3 313 63.2 263 68.3 821 Air....................................................... – ––––– – Rail ...................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 47 ................................. 3.6 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA nn15
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:45 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_T_6_01 PAGE: 6

TSF:TIPS92-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 UTF:TIPS93-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:08:50 META:TIPS96-16084758.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:09:27

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 26, PULP, PAPER, OR ALLIED PRODUCTS

Total 6 ............................................ 271 100.0 11 850 100.0 7 288 100.0 255

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 53 ....................... .9 5 – 2 – 649

Private truck 873 .............................................. 13.9 2 541 21.4 382 5.2 52

For-hire truck 3 ............................................. 053 48.7 4 346 36.7 2 980 40.9 545

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... 2 162 34.5 4 790 40.4 3 762 51.6 759

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. – (S) – – – (S)

Truck and air – ............................................. – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 107 ................................. 1.7 128 1.1 114 1.6 (S)

STCC 27, PRINTED MATTER

Total (S) ............................................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ....................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Private truck (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

For-hire truck (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. (S) – (S) – – –

Truck and air (S) ............................................. (S) – – – – –

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) (S) – (S) –

STCC 28, CHEMICALS OR ALLIED PRODUCTS

Total 8 ............................................ 079 100.0 7 787 100.0 2 826 100.0 344

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 69 ....................... .9 5 .1 3 .1 440

Private truck 2 .............................................. 703 33.5 1 788 23.0 179 6.3 60

For-hire truck 3 ............................................. 381 41.9 2 553 32.8 1 037 36.7 458

Air....................................................... 69 .9 – – – – 833

Rail ...................................................... 937 11.6 2 490 32.0 1 443 51.0 605

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– –

Truck and air 523 ............................................. 6.5 2 – 2 .1 839

Truck and rail (S) ............................................. (S) 42 .5 40 1.4 1 031

Truck and water (S) .......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 219 ................................. 2.7 442 5.7 (S) (S) (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 29, PETROLEUM OR COAL PRODUCTS

Total 5 ............................................ 181 100.0 30 039 100.0 3 713 100.0 62

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ....................... – – – – – (S)

Private truck 2 .............................................. 236 43.2 9 677 32.2 550 14.8 40

For-hire truck 2 ............................................. 190 42.3 11 569 38.5 898 24.2 (S)

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... 590 11.4 7 812 26.0 2 172 58.5 739

Inland water 139 .............................................. 2.7 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. (S) – (S) – – – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– –

Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and rail – ............................................. – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

STCC 30, RUBBER OR MISCELLANEOUS

PLASTICS PRODUCTS

Total 3 ............................................ 078 100.0 928 100.0 546 100.0 269

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 75 ....................... 2.4 7 .7 3 .6 446

Private truck 783 .............................................. 25.4 307 33.1 81 14.8 67

For-hire truck 1 ............................................. 862 60.5 532 57.3 359 65.7 617

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... 248 8.0 54 5.9 88 16.1 1 767

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. – – – – – (S) Truck and air 1 ............................................. – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 81 ................................. 2.6 (S) (S) 6 1.2 89

STCC 31, LEATHER OR LEATHER PRODUCTS

Total 604 ............................................ 100.0 37 100.0 17 100.0 345

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 10 ....................... 1.7 (S) (S) – (S) (S)

Private truck (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) ............................................. (S) – (S) – (S) (S) Air....................................................... – ––––– – Rail ...................................................... – ––––– –

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – ................................. – – – – – (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA nn17
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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 32, CLAY, CONCRETE, GLASS, OR STONE

PRODUCTS

Total 1 ............................................ 284 100.0 16 974 100.0 1 946 100.0 88

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 8 ....................... .6 1 – – – 397

Private truck 570 .............................................. 44.4 10 886 64.1 471 24.2 35

For-hire truck 576 ............................................. 44.9 4 551 26.8 792 40.7 237

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... 111 8.7 1 490 8.8 671 34.5 529

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and air – ............................................. – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail (S) ............................................. (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

STCC 33, PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTS

Total 8 ............................................ 307 100.0 10 597 100.0 6 241 100.0 310

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 77 ....................... .9 5 – 2 – 422

Private truck 1 .............................................. 492 18.0 1 761 16.6 464 7.4 94

For-hire truck 5 ............................................. 208 62.7 5 995 56.6 2 661 42.6 503

Air....................................................... – – – – – – (S)

Rail ...................................................... 1 192 14.4 2 304 21.7 2 905 46.5 1 190

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. – (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and air (S) ............................................. (S) 2 – 2 – 1 146 Truck and rail (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) .......................................... (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 203 ................................. 2.4 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 34, FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS

Total 3 ............................................ 053 100.0 1 388 100.0 538 100.0 362

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 291 ....................... 9.5 16 1.2 10 1.9 595 Private truck 1 .............................................. 130 37.0 552 39.8 133 24.8 73 For-hire truck 1 ............................................. 508 49.4 790 56.9 366 68.1 560 Air....................................................... – – – – – – 886 Rail ...................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. – (S) (S) – – (S) Truck and air 11 ............................................. .4 1 .1 1 .1 1 162 Truck and rail (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) .......................................... (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) 14 1.0 (S) (S) (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 35, MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL

Total 4 ............................................ 094 100.0 455 100.0 205 100.0 228

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 814 ....................... 19.9 20 4.5 9 4.2 324

Private truck 1 .............................................. 673 40.9 196 43.1 74 36.3 43

For-hire truck 1 ............................................. 398 34.2 226 49.6 113 54.9 414

Air....................................................... – – – – – – (S)

Rail ...................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. – – – – – (S)

Truck and air 70 ............................................. 1.7 1 .2 1 .4 904

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water – .......................................... – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 114 ................................. 2.8 9 2.0 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 36, ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT,

OR SUPPLIES

Total 5 ............................................ 229 100.0 569 100.0 603 100.0 354

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 806 ....................... 15.4 17 3.0 11 1.9 452

Private truck 531 .............................................. 10.2 77 13.6 14 2.3 (S)

For-hire truck 2 ............................................. 865 54.8 336 59.2 231 38.4 706

Air....................................................... (S) – – – – – (S)

Rail ...................................................... 156 3.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. – – – – – (S) Truck and air 300 ............................................. 5.7 2 .3 3 .4 1 460 Truck and rail (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water (S) .......................................... – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (S) ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 313 ................................. 6.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 37, TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

Total 5 ............................................ 892 100.0 1 236 100.0 655 100.0 224

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 178 ....................... 3.0 10 .8 (S) – (S) Private truck 845 .............................................. 14.3 321 26.0 87 13.3 40 For-hire truck 4 ............................................. 319 73.3 678 54.8 375 57.2 570 Air....................................................... (S) (S) – – – – 923 Rail ...................................................... 256 4.3 197 15.9 160 24.5 826

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and air 160 ............................................. 2.7 1 .1 1 .2 1 313 Truck and rail 11 ............................................. .2 (S) (S) 2 .4 1 234 Truck and water (S) .......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 72 ................................. 1.2 17 1.3 (S) (S) (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 38, INSTRUMENTS, PHOTOGRAPHIC

GOODS, OPTICAL GOODS, WATCHES, OR

CLOCKS

Total 972 ............................................ 100.0 (S) (S) 12 100.0 266

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 325 ....................... 33.5 6 6.9 2 15.5 319

Private truck 166 .............................................. 17.1 8 9.3 – 3.5 39

For-hire truck 430 ............................................. 44.2 (S) (S) 10 79.0 485

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... – ––––– –

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air 12 ............................................. 1.3 – .1 – .7 861 Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) (S) – 1.3 (S)

STCC 39, MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS OF

MANUFACTURING

Total 911 ............................................ 100.0 195 100.0 121 100.0 461

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 395 ....................... 43.4 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 135 .............................................. 14.9 41 20.8 7 6.0 82

For-hire truck 369 ............................................. 40.5 138 70.6 102 83.8 714

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... – ––––– –

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air (S) ............................................. (S) – – – – (S) Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 10 ................................. 1.0 2 1.2 – .1 61

STCC 40, WASTE OR SCRAP MATERIALS

Total 556 ............................................ 100.0 2 678 100.0 706 100.0 156

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ....................... – – – – – (S) Private truck 277 .............................................. 49.9 741 27.7 78 11.1 97 For-hire truck 141 ............................................. 25.4 550 20.6 77 10.9 133 Air....................................................... – ––––– – Rail ...................................................... 110 19.8 1 102 41.1 377 53.4 301

Inland water (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water (S) .......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water (D) ............................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) ................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

20nn ALABAMA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 41, MISCELLANEOUS FREIGHT SHIPMENTS

Total 2 ............................................ 631 100.0 669 100.0 113 100.0 208

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ....................... (S) 1 .1 – .2 (S)

Private truck 2 .............................................. 549 96.9 657 98.3 110 97.5 111

For-hire truck 8 ............................................. .3 (S) (S) – .2 496

Air....................................................... – ––––– –

Rail ...................................................... – ––––– –

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– –

Truck and air – ............................................. – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water – .......................................... – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 42, CONTAINERS, CARRIERS OR DEVICES,

SHIPPING, RETURNED EMPTY

Total (D) ............................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (D) ....................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Private truck (D) .............................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) ............................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Air....................................................... – ––––– – Rail ...................................................... – ––––– –

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– – Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– – Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– –

Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– –

Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – ................................. ––––– –

STCC 48, WASTE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OR

WASTE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

Total (D) ............................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (D) ....................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Private truck (D) .............................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) ............................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Air....................................................... – ––––– – Rail ...................................................... – ––––– –

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– –

Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– –

Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – .............................. ––––– – Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– –

Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) ................................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

COMMODITY UNKNOWN

Total 641 ............................................ 100.0 161 100.0 37 100.0 243

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ....................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Private truck (S) .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) For-hire truck 114 ............................................. 17.8 (S) (S) 10 28.1 407 Air....................................................... (S) (S) – – – – (S) Rail ...................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – .............................................. ––––– – Great Lakes – .............................................. ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................................... ––––– – Pipeline2 ................................................. – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) .............................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and air – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and rail – ............................................. ––––– – Truck and water – .......................................... ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2........................................ – ––––– – Rail and water – ............................................ ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – .............................. ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – ................................. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) ................................. (S) 29 17.8 (S) (S) (S)

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for explanation. Calculation

of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation. 2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

22nn ALABAMA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table 7. Shipment Characteristics by State of Destination for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

State of Destination

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number (million dollars) PercentNumber (thousands) Percent Number (millions) Percent

Total........................................................ 88 845 100.0 218 864 100.0 40 772 100.0

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut .......................................................... 255 .3 169 .1 215 .5

Maine ............................................................... 171 .2 65 – 104 .3

Massachusetts ....................................................... 572 .6 241 .1 322 .8

New Hampshire ...................................................... 78 .1 46 – 65 .2

Rhode Island......................................................... 51 .1 39 – 53 .1

Vermont ............................................................. 41 – 24 – 33 .1

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey .......................................................... 923 1.0 444 .2 477 1.2

New York............................................................ 1 480 1.7 582 .3 657 1.6

Pennsylvania......................................................... 1 636 1.8 1 072 .5 1 023 2.5

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois ............................................................... 2 559 2.9 2 166 1.0 1 486 3.6

Indiana .............................................................. 1 188 1.3 1 555 .7 931 2.3

Michigan............................................................. 2 404 2.7 1 000 .5 843 2.1

Ohio ................................................................ 2 314 2.6 1 507 .7 1 059 2.6

Wisconsin ........................................................... 972 1.1 996 .5 1 074 2.6

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa ................................................................ 380 .4 224 .1 194 .5

Kansas .............................................................. 343 .4 236 .1 195 .5

Minnesota ........................................................... 724 .8 471 .2 533 1.3

Missouri ............................................................. 1 497 1.7 866 .4 550 1.3

Nebraska ............................................................ 197 .2 140 .1 152 .4

North Dakota ........................................................ 40 – 9 – 14 –

South Dakota ........................................................ 44 – 18 – (S) –

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware ............................................................ 182 .2 33 – 32 .1

District of Columbia ................................................... 36 – (S) – (S) –

Florida .............................................................. 5 218 5.9 6 953 3.2 2 477 6.1

Georgia ............................................................. 6 853 7.7 12 190 5.6 2 364 5.8

Maryland ............................................................ 655 .7 396 .2 368 .9

North Carolina ....................................................... 2 836 3.2 2 369 1.1 1 293 3.2

South Carolina ....................................................... 1 905 2.1 1 961 .9 932 2.3

Virginia .............................................................. 1 169 1.3 902 .4 602 1.5

West Virginia......................................................... 357 .4 594 .3 371 .9

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama............................................................. 30 050 33.8 155 903 71.2 8 848 21.7 Kentucky ............................................................ 1 457 1.6 1 468 .7 691 1.7 Mississippi ........................................................... 3 093 3.5 8 979 4.1 1 237 3.0 Tennessee........................................................... 5 131 5.8 4 828 2.2 1 107 2.7

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas ............................................................ 1 067 1.2 1 133 .5 536 1.3 Louisiana ............................................................ 1 979 2.2 3 530 1.6 1 349 3.3 Oklahoma ........................................................... 542 .6 279 .1 210 .5 Texas ............................................................... 3 783 4.3 3 030 1.4 2 416 5.9

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona.............................................................. 257 .3 82 – 142 .3 Colorado ............................................................ 265 .3 118 .1 167 .4 Idaho ............................................................... 32 – 32 – 67 .2 Montana............................................................. 59 .1 95 – 202 .5 Nevada.............................................................. 232 .3 62 – 146 .4 New Mexico ......................................................... 40 – 24 – 29 .1 Utah ................................................................ 205 .2 98 – 200 .5 Wyoming ............................................................ 14 –4–7 –

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska .............................................................. (S) (S) (S) – (S) –

California ............................................................ 2 474 2.8 1 543 .7 3 819 9.4 Hawaii............................................................... 31 – (S) – 40 .1

Oregon .............................................................. 295 .3 190 .1 529 1.3 Washington .......................................................... (S) (S) 154 .1 522 1.3

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

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Appendix A.

Comparability With Previous Surveys

The Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) restores a data

program on commodity flows that the Census Bureau

conducted as a part of its 5-year economic census program from 1963 through 1977. The Census Bureau last

published commodity flow data for the 1977 Commodity

Transportation Survey (CTS). Data collected for a modified

1983 CTS did not meet the Census Bureau quality

standards, and were not published. Funding was not

available to conduct the 1987 CTS. The following table

shows a comparison of the 1977, 1983, and 1993 surveys.

For the 1993 CFS, the Census Bureau incorporated improvements identified from the evaluation of previous surveys

and additional research.

Item 1977 19831 1993

1. Industry coverage All manufacturers All manufacturers Manufacturers (minor exceptions)

Selected mining establishments Mining (except mining services

and oil and gas extraction)

Grain wholesalers

Petroleum bulk plants

All wholesale

Video tape distributers

Catalog mail-order houses

Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses)

2. Sample size Approximately 20,000 establishments selected from the

Census of Manufactures’

universe of 350,000

Approximately 71,000 establishments selected from a universe of approximately 339,000

in-scope establishments on

the 1982 SSEL

Approximately 200,000 establishments selected from a universe of approximately 800,000

in-scope establishments on the

1992 SSEL

3. Survey methodology Respondents took a sample

of all shipments for the

previous year.

For each sampled shipment,

respondents reported data,

including commodity code

Respondents summarized data

on their shipments for the

previous year

No shipment sample

No reporting of commodity

Respondents took a sample of

their individual outbound shipments for a 2-week period during each of the four calendar

quarters of 1993

For each sampled shipment,

respondents reported data,

including commodity code

4. Mode of transportationRail Piggyback rail

Rail

Rail

For-hire motor carrier, ICC

For-hire motor carrier, non-ICC

Motor carrier For-hire truck

Private truck Private truck Private truck

Air Air Air

Water Water Inland water and/ or Great Lakes

Deep sea water

Pipeline Pipeline

Parcel delivery Parcel delivery Parcel delivery

Courier

U.S. Postal Service

Other Other Other/ unknown

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Item 1977 19831 1993

5. Data items requested

on questionnaire

For each shipment:

Total value

Value of each commodity

Aggregated data for 1983:

Total value of products

shipped and services

For each shipment:

Total value

Total weight

Weight of each commodity

Total weight of products

shipped

Total percent of weight

exported

Total percent of weight

shipped < 25 miles

Total weight

All commodities Major commodity

Primary mode of transportationAll modes of transportation

Origin (considered as establishment’s mailing address)Origin (considered as establishment’s mailing address)Origin (respondent provided;

could be other than mailing

address)

Destination For each State of destination:

Total weight shipped

Percent of weight, by

mode

Percent of weight

exported

Destination

Containerized (Y/ N)

Hazardous material (Y/ N)

Export (Y/ N)

1

The 1983 survey results were not published because post survey evaluation uncovered significant deficiencies in the quality of the data.

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Appendix B.

Reliability of the Data

RELIABILITY OF THE ESTIMATES

An estimate based on a sample survey potentially

contains two types of errors—sampling and nonsampling.

Sampling errors occur because the estimate is based on a

sample, not on the entire universe. Nonsampling errors

can be attributed to many sources in the collection and

processing of the data. The accuracy of a survey result is

affected jointly by the two types of errors. The following is

a description of the sampling and nonsampling errors

associated with the estimates computed from the 1993

Commodity Flow Survey (CFS).

MEASURES OF SAMPLING VARIABILITY

Because the estimates were based on a sample, exact

agreement with the results that would be obtained from a

complete census of establishments in the CFS frame using

the same enumeration procedure was not expected. However, because each establishment in the Standard Statistical Establishment List (SSEL) in the specified Standard

Industrial Classifications (SIC) had a known probability of

being selected into the sample, it is possible to estimate

the sampling variablity of the estimates.

The standard error of the estimate is a measure of the

variability among the values of the estimate computed

from all possible samples of the same size and design.

Thus, it is a measure of the precision with which an

estimate from a particular sample approximates the results

of a complete enumeration. The coefficient of variation is

the standard error of the estimate divided by the value

being estimated. It is expressed as a percent. Note that

measures of sampling variablity, such as the standard error

or coefficient of variation, are estimated from the sample

and are also subject to sampling variability. Coefficients of

variation for number of shipments, dollar value, shipment

weight (tons), and ton-miles estimates are shown in tables

B-1 through B-7 in this appendix. Standard errors for the

corresponsing percentage estimates are also shown there.

The standard errors and coefficients of variation presented in these tables permit certain confidence statements about the sample estimates. The particular sample

used in this survey was one of a large number of samples

of the same size that could have been selected using the

same design. In about 9 out of 10 (90 percent) of these

samples, the estimates would differ from the results of a

complete enumeration by less than 1.65 times the standard error of the estimate. In about 19 out of 20 (95

percent) of the samples, the estimates would differ from

the result of a complete enumeration by less than twice the

standard error of the estimate.

To illustrate the computations involved in the above

confidence statements as related to the dollar value

estimates, assume that an estimate of shipment value

published in table 6 is $10,750 million for a particular

commodity and mode of transportation, and that the

coefficient of variation for this estimate, as given in appendix A, table B-6 is 1.8 percent, or 0.018. Multiplying

$10,750 million by 0.018 yields the standard error, $194

million. Typical practice is to construct a 90- or 95-percent

confidence interval. Multiplying $194 million by 1.65 gives

$320 million. Therefore, a 90-percent confidence interval is

$10,430 million to $11,070 million ($10,750 million plus or

minus $320 million). If corresponding confidence intervals

were constructed for all possible samples of the same size

and design, approximately 9 out of 10 (90 percent) of the

intervals would contain the figure obtained from a complete enumeration. Similarly, a 95-percent confidence interval is $10,362 million to $11,138 million ($10,750 million

plus or minus $388 million).

To illustrate the computations involved related to the

percentage estimates, assume that the percentage estimate of shipment value published in table 6 is 25 percent

for a particular commodity and mode of transportation, and

that the standard error of this estimate, as given in

appendix A, table B-6 is 2.2 percent, or 0.022. Multiplying

2.2 percent by 1.65 gives 3.6 percent. So a 90-percent

confidence interval is 21.4 percent to 28.6 percent (25

percent plus or minus 3.6 percent.) If corresponding confidence intervals were constructed for all possible samples

of the same size and design, approximately 9 out of 10 (90

percent) of the intervals would contain the figure obtained

from a complete enumeration.

NONSAMPLING ERRORS

As calculated for this report, the standard error and

coefficient of variation measures sampling errors but does

not measure any systematic biases in the data. Bias is the

difference, averaged over all possible samples of the same

size and design, between the estimate and the true value

being estimated.

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In the CFS as in other surveys nonsampling errors can

be attributed to many sources: (1) inability to obtain

information about all cases in the sample, (2) response

errors, (3) definitional difficulties, (4) differences in the

interpretation of questions, (5) mistakes in coding or

recoding the data obtained, and (6) other errors of collection, response, coverage, and estimation. These nonsampling errors also occur in complete censuses.

Some sources of error are specific to the CFS: (1) Some

respondents may have sampled incorrectly when selecting

a sample of their documents, (2) some reporters may have

used but not reported other units for their measurements—tons

instead of pounds, dollars instead of thousands of dollars,

etc., (3) on any shipment selected for sample, only the

major commodity (by weight) was reported; secondary

commodities within shipments were not recorded. Although

unlikely, this might lead to a net undercoverage of some

secondary commodities. These and other problems could

yield a bias of undetermined amount in certain estimates.

Another possible source of bias in estimating the number of shipments, value, shipment weight (tons), and

ton-miles is the imputation of missing data and for data

which fail edit. Any systematic error in the imputation

procedure can introduce bias into the estimates.

Although no direct measurement of the biases due to

nonsampling error has been obtained, precautionary steps

were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and

tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize their influence.

Biases in the published estimates are due in large part

to imputing data for nonrespondents and for data which fail

edit. The overall imputation rate for the survey was 30 to 40

percent.

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Table B–1. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

for State of Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

All modes 3.3 ..................... – 5.8 – 3.0 – 4.9

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 8.0 .... .3 5.8 – 10.1 – 5.5 Private truck 3.6 ........................... 1.2 6.9 2.2 5.4 .8 7.0 For-hire truck 6.6 .......................... 1.5 7.9 1.8 3.5 1.3 4.7 Air 40.4 .................................... – 26.6 – 30.0 – 8.4

Rail 6.8 ................................... .6 7.5 .9 6.0 1.9 2.3 Inland water 25.1 ........................... .2 27.7 .4 24.7 .5 44.1 Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– – Pipeline (S) ............................... – (S) – (S) – (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 30.6 ........... .1 26.6 – 31.5 – 29.5 Truck and air 16.9 ........................... .2 38.3 – 32.7 – 10.5 Truck and rail 24.6 .......................... .1 38.5 .1 21.7 .1 15.6 Truck and water 23.5 ........................ .1 40.0 .6 39.5 1.4 37.4

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water (D) ......................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) .............. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 14.9 .............. .3 33.2 1.5 14.8 .3 17.9

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

Table B–2. Measures of Reliability for Shipment

Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for State of

Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation

Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

Total 3.0 ............................................. – 4.9

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier, total 10.1 ................... – 5.5 Truck, total................................................ 3.4 1.7 6.9 Air, total .................................................. 31.1 – 10.5 Rail, total ................................................. 5.7 1.8 2.5 Inland water, total 30.9 .......................................... 1.7 23.7

Great Lakes, total 100.0 .......................................... – (S)

Deep sea water, total (S) ...................................... (S) (S)

Pipeline, total (S) .............................................. – (S)

Other and unknown modes, total 14.8 ............................ .3 17.9

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

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Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Distance Shipped for State of Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

ALL MODES

Total 3.3 .............................................. – 5.8 – 3.0 –

Less than 50 miles 4.4 ......................................... 1.0 8.9 2.3 9.0 .7

50 to 99 miles 5.1 ............................................. .4 11.1 1.3 10.7 .7

100 to 249 miles 4.0 ........................................... .6 7.9 .9 11.3 1.6

250 to 499 miles 4.6 ........................................... .6 4.2 .8 4.5 .9

500 to 749 miles 9.3 ........................................... 1.0 4.8 .4 4.8 1.0

750 to 999 miles 8.3 ........................................... .6 8.0 .3 7.9 .9

1,000 to 1,499 miles 5.6 ........................................ .1 15.5 .1 15.7 .8

1,500 to 1,999 miles 10.7 ........................................ .3 15.2 .1 17.5 1.5

2,000 miles or more 32.5 ........................................ .5 14.3 – 16.5 .5

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 8.0 .................. – 5.8 – 10.1 –

Less than 50 miles 10.9 ......................................... 1.1 15.6 1.9 14.9 .1 50 to 99 miles 10.6 ............................................. 1.4 12.3 1.3 12.2 .3 100 to 249 miles 5.7 ........................................... 1.6 9.2 1.3 9.1 .9 250 to 499 miles 10.3 ........................................... 1.5 6.6 1.3 8.0 1.1 500 to 749 miles 9.1 ........................................... 1.8 8.1 1.6 8.2 2.3

750 to 999 miles 25.4 ........................................... 2.2 25.7 2.2 27.8 3.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles 17.7 ........................................ .7 12.9 .6 12.5 1.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles 30.0 ........................................ 1.5 17.1 .4 17.0 1.1

2,000 miles or more 32.6 ........................................ .6 21.0 .3 20.9 1.2

Private truck 3.6 .......................................... – 6.9 – 5.4 –

Less than 50 miles 5.5 ......................................... 1.8 8.8 2.3 8.7 1.4

50 to 99 miles 6.8 ............................................. .9 14.2 2.1 14.0 2.4

100 to 249 miles 5.7 ........................................... .8 6.3 .8 5.5 1.3

250 to 499 miles 14.3 ........................................... 1.5 14.8 .3 13.4 1.5

500 to 749 miles 11.8 ........................................... .6 13.4 .1 12.3 1.1

750 to 999 miles 12.2 ........................................... .1 15.6 – 15.8 .5

1,000 to 1,499 miles 16.8 ........................................ .1 17.5 – 19.7 .2

1,500 to 1,999 miles 30.6 ........................................ .1 31.2 – 32.5 .5

2,000 miles or more (S) ........................................ (S) 19.6 – 19.0 .1

For-hire truck 6.6 ......................................... – 7.9 – 3.5 –

Less than 50 miles 17.5 ......................................... 2.0 13.6 3.4 16.0 1.1

50 to 99 miles 8.0 ............................................. .6 13.4 1.8 13.6 1.3

100 to 249 miles 4.3 ........................................... .7 11.1 1.4 11.3 1.1

250 to 499 miles 8.4 ........................................... 1.0 3.6 1.1 3.9 .8

500 to 749 miles 14.2 ........................................... 1.8 5.0 .8 4.9 .7

750 to 999 miles 11.8 ........................................... 1.1 11.4 .5 11.4 1.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles 5.7 ........................................ .2 11.8 .2 11.7 .5 1,500 to 1,999 miles 13.0 ........................................ .3 12.7 .1 13.4 1.0 2,000 miles or more 34.3 ........................................ .7 24.0 .1 24.2 .6

Air .................................................... 40.4 – 26.6 – 30.0 –

Less than 50 miles – ......................................... –––– –

50 to 99 miles 100.0 ............................................. – 100.0 – 100.0 –

100 to 249 miles (S) ........................................... (S) 54.2 (S) 56.5 (S)

250 to 499 miles (S) ........................................... (S) 48.2 7.5 47.9 6.1

500 to 749 miles 39.3 ........................................... 11.3 36.4 11.3 37.1 10.2

750 to 999 miles (S) ........................................... (S) 78.1 (S) 78.8 (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles (S) ........................................ (S) 89.3 (S) 89.5 (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles 94.0 ........................................ (S) 98.8 (S) 98.7 (S)

2,000 miles or more (S) ........................................ (S) 67.1 (S) 66.8 (S)

Rail ................................................... 6.8 – 7.5 – 6.0 –

Less than 50 miles 24.9 ......................................... 1.5 23.7 3.3 24.3 .5 50 to 99 miles 28.2 ............................................. 1.3 27.8 1.7 26.7 .3 100 to 249 miles 13.8 ........................................... 1.2 12.2 2.5 13.1 1.5 250 to 499 miles 14.0 ........................................... 3.1 9.0 2.6 9.3 2.1 500 to 749 miles 12.1 ........................................... 2.9 9.4 1.6 9.4 2.1

750 to 999 miles 16.4 ........................................... 1.7 12.0 .8 12.0 1.5

1,000 to 1,499 miles 14.6 ........................................ .4 33.9 .6 32.2 1.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles 17.5 ........................................ 1.6 26.1 .9 28.0 4.1

2,000 miles or more 40.1 ........................................ .4 22.4 .1 22.8 .7

Inland water 25.1 .......................................... – 27.7 – 24.7 –

Less than 50 miles (S) ......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles (S) ............................................. (S) 47.3 11.4 49.6 8.4

100 to 249 miles 49.6 ........................................... 10.6 38.3 8.7 36.5 10.9

250 to 499 miles 44.2 ........................................... 9.7 42.8 10.9 44.3 11.8

500 to 749 miles (S) ........................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

750 to 999 miles (S) ........................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ........................................ –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ........................................ –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ........................................ –––– –

Great Lakes – ........................................... –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ......................................... –––– – 50 to 99 miles ............................................. – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ........................................... –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ........................................... –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ........................................... –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ........................................... –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ........................................ –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ........................................ –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ........................................ –––– –

Deep sea water – ....................................... –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ......................................... –––– –

50 to 99 miles ............................................. – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ........................................... –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ........................................... –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ........................................... –––– –

B–4nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Distance Shipped for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

750 to 999 miles – ........................................... –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ........................................ –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ........................................ –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ........................................ –––– –

Pipeline ............................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) 82.7 (S)

Less than 50 miles (S) ......................................... (S) (S) (S) 82.7 (S)

50 to 99 miles ............................................. – –––– –

100 to 249 miles – ........................................... –––– –

250 to 499 miles – ........................................... –––– –

500 to 749 miles – ........................................... –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ........................................... –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ........................................ –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ........................................ –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ........................................ –––– –

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 30.6 ........................ – 26.6 – 31.5 –

Less than 50 miles 44.4 ......................................... 11.4 26.6 10.3 36.5 9.5

50 to 99 miles 33.6 ............................................. 11.5 (S) (S) 59.4 (S)

100 to 249 miles (S) ........................................... (S) (S) (S) 49.4 1.6

250 to 499 miles (S) ........................................... (S) 44.2 4.4 44.4 7.1

500 to 749 miles 39.6 ........................................... 10.0 37.5 9.6 37.0 11.5

750 to 999 miles (S) ........................................... (S) (S) (S) 96.4 (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles 100.0 ........................................ – 100.0 – 100.0 (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles 100.0 ........................................ – 100.0 – 100.0 –

2,000 miles or more – ........................................ –––– –

Truck and air 16.9 .......................................... – 38.3 – 32.7 –

Less than 50 miles – ......................................... –––– –

50 to 99 miles 45.3 ............................................. .3 53.5 (S) 55.3 (S)

100 to 249 miles 36.4 ........................................... 2.6 28.8 1.4 28.2 .3

250 to 499 miles 37.5 ........................................... 3.8 41.3 2.0 41.7 1.5

500 to 749 miles 23.7 ........................................... 6.1 (S) (S) 54.3 (S)

750 to 999 miles 22.5 ........................................... 4.0 33.7 3.0 33.8 2.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles 33.8 ........................................ 1.0 43.2 3.6 40.8 4.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles 32.8 ........................................ 4.3 33.1 2.8 31.3 3.4

2,000 miles or more 43.8 ........................................ 1.0 37.1 4.2 41.7 8.1

Truck and rail 24.6 ......................................... – 38.5 – 21.7 –

Less than 50 miles (S) ......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) 100.0 (S)

100 to 249 miles (S) ........................................... (S) (S) (S) 94.9 (S)

250 to 499 miles (S) ........................................... (S) 30.8 11.3 29.7 9.2 500 to 749 miles 42.9 ........................................... 12.7 36.6 8.2 37.5 9.3

750 to 999 miles 36.7 ........................................... 6.2 38.4 3.1 38.9 3.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles (S) ........................................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles 41.1 ........................................ 5.5 44.5 3.7 44.2 5.8 2,000 miles or more 43.9 ........................................ 9.1 47.7 4.9 47.7 7.7

Truck and water 23.5 ....................................... – 40.0 – 39.5 –

Less than 50 miles – ......................................... –––– – 50 to 99 miles (S) ............................................. (S) (S) (S) 100.0 – 100 to 249 miles 37.6 ........................................... 15.4 (S) (S) 41.1 20.0 250 to 499 miles 39.3 ........................................... 14.0 (S) (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles (D) ........................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

750 to 999 miles (S) ........................................... (S) (S) 1.6 99.6 (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles (S) ........................................ (S) 100.0 .4 100.0 .4

1,500 to 1,999 miles (S) ........................................ (S) (S) (S) 100.0 (S)

2,000 miles or more (D) ........................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Truck and pipeline – ..................................... –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ......................................... –––– – 50 to 99 miles ............................................. – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ........................................... –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ........................................... –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ........................................... –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ........................................... –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles – ........................................ –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles – ........................................ –––– – 2,000 miles or more – ........................................ –––– –

Rail and water (D) ......................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles – ......................................... –––– –

50 to 99 miles ............................................. – –––– –

100 to 249 miles (D) ........................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

250 to 499 miles (D) ........................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles – ........................................... –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ........................................... –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ........................................ –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ........................................ –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ........................................ –––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – .......................... –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ......................................... –––– –

50 to 99 miles ............................................. – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ........................................... –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ........................................... –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ........................................... –––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–5
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 15:54:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_3_01 PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-15542791.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:54:30 UTF:TIPS93-15542791.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:54:30 META:TIPS96-15542791.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:54:44

Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Distance Shipped for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon.

750 to 999 miles – ........................................... –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ........................................ –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ........................................ –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ........................................ –––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) ............................. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles – ......................................... –––– –

50 to 99 miles ............................................. – –––– –

100 to 249 miles (D) ........................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

250 to 499 miles (D) ........................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles – ........................................... –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ........................................... –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ........................................ –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ........................................ –––– –

2,000 miles or more (D) ........................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 14.9 ............................ – 33.2 – 14.8 –

Less than 50 miles 10.5 ......................................... 5.3 39.1 7.5 (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles 37.1 ............................................. 1.9 (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles 24.6 ........................................... 3.0 47.2 2.9 47.6 5.5

250 to 499 miles 35.3 ........................................... 2.2 33.7 2.9 34.1 4.4

500 to 749 miles (D) ........................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

750 to 999 miles 44.2 ........................................... 3.9 35.4 .7 36.6 2.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles 38.7 ........................................ .9 36.6 .5 36.9 1.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles 25.9 ........................................ 1.1 41.2 .1 40.5 2.9

2,000 miles or more (D) ........................................ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

B–6nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:51 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_4_01 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-15583609.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:38 UTF:TIPS93-15583609.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:38 META:TIPS96-15583609.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:49

Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Shipment Size for State of Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

ALL MODES

Total 3.3 .......................... – 5.8 – 3.0 – 4.9

Less than 50 lb 5.9 ........................ .4 11.3 – 9.7 – 6.4

50 to 99 lb 10.8 ............................. .2 6.4 – 7.1 – 8.0

100 to 499 lb 9.6 .......................... .5 5.6 – 5.0 – 9.7

500 to 749 lb 14.3 .......................... .3 6.4 – 5.5 – 7.4

750 to 999 lb 8.6 .......................... .1 6.8 – 4.0 – 8.8

1,000 to 9,999 lb 6.8 ....................... .8 4.4 .2 5.4 .2 5.2

10,000 to 49,999 lb 5.5 ..................... 2.0 6.1 2.0 5.2 2.0 7.2

50,000 to 99,999 lb 12.8 ..................... .8 9.0 2.6 12.4 1.9 7.9

100,000 lb or more 6.3 ..................... .7 13.1 2.2 5.9 2.0 3.1

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or

courier 8.0 ............................ – 5.8 – 10.1 – 5.5

Less than 50 lb 6.5 ........................ 3.2 12.8 4.7 11.4 5.0 5.7

50 to 99 lb 21.2 ............................. 2.6 7.4 1.5 11.0 1.7 5.2

100 to 499 lb 13.7 .......................... 1.5 9.8 2.8 14.4 3.3 7.8

500 to 749 lb (S) .......................... (S) 36.4 2.3 43.1 2.9 13.2

750 to 999 lb 45.7 .......................... .3 26.1 .4 41.7 .8 22.2

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ....................... ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb – ..................... ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – ..................... ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – ..................... ––––– –

Private truck 3.6 ...................... – 6.9 – 5.4 – 7.0

Less than 50 lb 10.7 ........................ .4 13.8 – 9.2 – 14.5 50 to 99 lb 9.2 ............................. .2 9.1 – 7.7 – 8.0 100 to 499 lb 13.1 .......................... .7 8.9 .1 8.6 .1 11.2 500 to 749 lb 23.3 .......................... .6 8.8 – 6.4 – 11.9 750 to 999 lb 11.1 .......................... .2 10.1 – 6.7 – 10.4

1,000 to 9,999 lb 6.3 ....................... 1.2 5.5 .5 4.7 .4 6.4

10,000 to 49,999 lb 5.3 ..................... 2.8 6.5 3.4 5.7 2.5 6.1

50,000 to 99,999 lb 19.2 ..................... 1.3 14.4 3.9 11.5 2.8 6.1

100,000 lb or more 19.7 ..................... .2 26.7 1.5 18.1 .8 (S)

For-hire truck 6.6 ..................... – 7.9 – 3.5 – 4.7

Less than 50 lb 18.3 ........................ .2 16.5 – 15.6 – 5.0

50 to 99 lb 12.4 ............................. .1 18.6 – 13.3 – 9.4

100 to 499 lb 9.9 .......................... .4 8.8 – 6.3 – 5.7

500 to 749 lb 13.9 .......................... .2 6.5 – 7.2 – 2.8

750 to 999 lb 12.7 .......................... .2 5.6 – 5.3 – 5.0

1,000 to 9,999 lb 11.5 ....................... 1.1 10.6 .3 6.6 .5 4.6 10,000 to 49,999 lb 7.1 ..................... 1.9 10.6 2.9 6.2 2.4 9.6 50,000 to 99,999 lb 14.4 ..................... 1.0 12.0 3.3 9.3 1.8 6.8 100,000 lb or more 14.5 ..................... .2 24.8 2.0 21.8 1.1 18.5

Air 40.4 ................................ – 26.6 – 30.0 – 8.4

Less than 50 lb 42.8 ........................ 13.6 38.6 13.1 39.0 13.4 6.8

50 to 99 lb (S) ............................. (S) 86.2 7.6 79.5 (S) (S)

100 to 499 lb 71.0 .......................... 5.4 91.0 9.6 84.3 (S) (S)

500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb 100.0 ....................... 7.5 100.0 8.9 100.0 8.1 (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ..................... ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – ..................... ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – ..................... ––––– –

Rail 6.8 ............................... – 7.5 – 6.0 – 2.3

Less than 50 lb 100.0 ........................ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S) 50 to 99 lb 100.0 ............................. – 100.0 – 100.0 – – 100 to 499 lb 68.2 .......................... – 53.0 – 63.1 – (S) 500 to 749 lb 63.6 .......................... – 63.3 – 78.0 – (S) 750 to 999 lb 99.2 .......................... – 56.0 – 89.0 – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 25.1 ....................... – 17.4 – 32.1 – 23.0

10,000 to 49,999 lb 14.6 ..................... 1.8 14.2 .2 9.1 .3 12.0

50,000 to 99,999 lb 17.0 ..................... 1.1 12.1 .6 16.2 .7 10.1

100,000 lb or more 8.2 ..................... 2.4 8.0 .7 6.8 .9 2.6

Inland water 25.1 ...................... – 27.7 – 24.7 – 44.1

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – .......................... ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (D) ....................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) ..................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) ..................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more 24.1 ..................... 4.5 27.7 2.2 26.0 3.6 24.0

Great Lakes – ....................... ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– – 50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – .......................... ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ....................... ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ..................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ..................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ..................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ................... ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – .......................... ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–7
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:51 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_4_01 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-15583609.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:38 UTF:TIPS93-15583609.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:38 META:TIPS96-15583609.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:49

Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Shipment Size for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ....................... ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ..................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ..................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ..................... ––––– –

Pipeline (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – .......................... ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb 49.0 ....................... .1 49.0 .1 49.0 .1 (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 100.0 ..................... – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) ..................... (S) (S) (S) 92.4 10.5 (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) ..................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 30.6 .... – 26.6 – 31.5 – 29.5

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– –

100 to 499 lb (S) .......................... (S) 42.9 .6 70.5 .3 (S)

500 to 749 lb 56.8 .......................... .1 61.2 – 89.0 – (S)

750 to 999 lb 55.4 .......................... – 77.1 .1 67.4 – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 33.1 ....................... 9.7 34.6 9.7 41.2 9.9 40.9

10,000 to 49,999 lb 36.5 ..................... 11.8 33.6 12.5 38.5 14.7 25.2

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) ..................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) ..................... (S) (S) (S) 100.0 4.6 (S)

Truck and air 16.9 ...................... – 38.3 – 32.7 – 10.5

Less than 50 lb 27.5 ........................ 9.3 22.1 7.7 19.2 7.3 8.2

50 to 99 lb 24.8 ............................. 3.6 25.6 2.7 41.1 3.7 10.7

100 to 499 lb 42.5 .......................... 4.4 26.6 5.6 25.2 5.5 11.1

500 to 749 lb 26.7 .......................... 1.1 39.3 3.0 34.0 4.4 22.5

750 to 999 lb (S) .......................... (S) 58.5 .8 60.8 (S) (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 47.2 ....................... 3.4 34.1 2.6 35.7 2.8 16.0

10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) ..................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 100.0 ..................... – 100.0 .8 100.0 (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more – ..................... ––––– –

Truck and rail 24.6 ..................... – 38.5 – 21.7 – 15.6

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – .......................... ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ....................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 26.1 ..................... 11.7 27.2 10.3 28.3 10.9 16.9 50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) ..................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) ..................... (S) 47.9 13.1 21.9 11.7 (S)

Truck and water 23.5 ................... – 40.0 – 39.5 – 37.4

Less than 50 lb (S) ........................ (S) 100.0 – 100.0 – (S) 50 to 99 lb 100.0 ............................. .1 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

100 to 499 lb (S) .......................... (S) 82.6 .1 66.1 .1 (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) .......................... (S) 89.5 .2 72.3 .1 (S) 750 to 999 lb 75.7 .......................... – 79.5 .1 68.7 .1 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ....................... (S) (S) (S) (S) 3.0 (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 40.0 ..................... 14.9 31.3 18.6 43.6 18.6 28.9 50,000 to 99,999 lb 43.0 ..................... 14.7 46.8 19.2 47.9 18.9 33.5 100,000 lb or more (S) ..................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline – ................. ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– – 50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – .......................... ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ....................... ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb – ..................... ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – ..................... ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – ..................... ––––– –

Rail and water (D) ..................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – .......................... ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ....................... ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ..................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ..................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more (D) ..................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ...... ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – .......................... ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

B–8nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:51 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_4_01 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-15583609.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:38 UTF:TIPS93-15583609.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:38 META:TIPS96-15583609.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 15:58:49

Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Shipment Size for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ....................... ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – ..................... ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – ..................... ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ..................... ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) ......... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ........................ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ............................. ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – .......................... ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – .......................... ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – .......................... ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (D) ....................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) ..................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) ..................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more (D) ..................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 14.9 ........ – 33.2 – 14.8 – 17.9

Less than 50 lb 30.3 ........................ 3.1 25.1 .1 31.4 – 21.1

50 to 99 lb 38.3 ............................. .6 32.3 .1 (S) .1 (S)

100 to 499 lb 36.6 .......................... 1.8 30.0 .2 19.9 .1 44.8

500 to 749 lb 22.0 .......................... .8 19.4 .1 (S) .1 (S)

750 to 999 lb 35.1 .......................... .4 37.8 – 34.6 – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 23.5 ....................... 4.0 13.1 .9 20.6 2.6 28.2

10,000 to 49,999 lb 41.8 ..................... 5.6 25.4 3.8 18.5 7.7 24.0

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) ..................... (S) 36.4 2.5 39.7 2.6 (S)

100,000 lb or more 20.1 ..................... 7.0 36.5 7.4 25.2 9.5 31.5

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–9
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:05:00 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_5_01 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-16044317.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:04:46 UTF:TIPS93-16044317.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:04:46 META:TIPS96-16044317.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:04:58

Table B–5. Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity

for State of Origin: 1993

STCC

code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles

Average miles per

shipment

ALL COMMODITIES

Total ........................................................................... 3.3 5.8 3.0 4.9

01 Farm products ........................................................................... 9.8 19.1 18.4 22.0 08 Forest products .......................................................................... 26.3 38.4 39.5 (S)

09 Fresh fish or other marine products ........................................................ 16.4 42.6 (S) (S) 10 Metallic ores............................................................................. 46.8 42.6 33.6 22.2 11 Coal .................................................................................... 10.1 17.6 22.3 19.2

13 Crude petroleum, natural gas, or gasoline................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) 14 Nonmetallic minerals ..................................................................... 24.8 15.0 14.3 11.1 19 Ordnance or accessories ................................................................. 41.3 (S) (S) (S)

20 Food or kindred products ................................................................. 7.1 6.9 9.3 16.1 21 Tobacco products, excluding insecticides ................................................... 22.3 13.3 21.0 19.6

22 Textile mill products ...................................................................... 6.9 8.8 10.4 6.3 23 Apparel or other finished textile products ................................................... 12.9 11.9 19.4 8.2 24 Lumber or wood products, excluding furniture ............................................... 7.5 14.4 7.1 18.4 25 Furniture or fixtures....................................................................... 9.2 16.1 23.4 13.1 26 Pulp, paper, or allied products ............................................................. 10.7 12.3 13.8 9.7

27 Printed matter ........................................................................... (S) (S) (S) –

28 Chemicals or allied products .............................................................. 11.0 14.2 14.0 20.5 29 Petroleum or coal products................................................................ 23.2 19.8 12.2 15.2 30 Rubber or miscellaneous plastics products.................................................. 10.3 9.6 13.6 9.6 31 Leather or leather products ............................................................... 41.9 41.9 42.2 19.3

32 Clay, concrete, glass, or stone products .................................................... 7.7 10.5 10.4 11.9 33 Primary metal products ................................................................... 12.2 9.2 18.0 14.1 34 Fabricated metal products................................................................. 3.0 4.7 6.0 11.8 35 Machinery, excluding electrical............................................................. 11.6 15.2 15.3 12.7 36 Electrical machinery, equipment, or supplies ................................................ 16.6 12.2 34.1 10.0

37 Transportation equipment ................................................................. 18.7 12.8 11.7 28.0 38 Instruments, photographic goods, optical goods, watches, or clocks 17.2 ........................... (S) 17.4 16.3

39 Miscellaneous products of manufacturing ................................................... 27.8 18.0 25.9 12.3 40 Waste or scrap materials ................................................................. 15.1 14.0 23.3 21.0 41 Miscellaneous freight shipments ........................................................... 36.0 37.3 36.8 39.9

42 Containers, carriers or devices, shipping, returned empty (D) ..................................... (D) (D) (D)

48 Waste hazardous materials or waste hazardous substances (D) .................................. (D) (D) (D) m Commodity unknown ..................................................................... 35.6 27.6 25.8 41.1

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

B–10nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

ALL COMMODITIES

Total 3.3 .......................... – 5.8 – 3.0 – 4.9

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 8.0 .... .3 5.8 – 10.1 – 5.5

Private truck 3.6 ........................... 1.2 6.9 2.2 5.4 .8 7.0

For-hire truck 6.6 .......................... 1.5 7.9 1.8 3.5 1.3 4.7

Air 40.4 .................................... – 26.6 – 30.0 – 8.4

Rail 6.8 ................................... .6 7.5 .9 6.0 1.9 2.3

Inland water 25.1 ........................... .2 27.7 .4 24.7 .5 44.1

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline (S) ............................... – (S) – (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 30.6 ........... .1 26.6 – 31.5 – 29.5

Truck and air 16.9 ........................... .2 38.3 – 32.7 – 10.5

Truck and rail 24.6 .......................... .1 38.5 .1 21.7 .1 15.6

Truck and water 23.5 ........................ .1 40.0 .6 39.5 1.4 37.4

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water (D) ......................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) .............. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 14.9 .............. .3 33.2 1.5 14.8 .3 17.9

STCC 01, FARM PRODUCTS

Total 9.8 .......................... – 19.1 – 18.4 – 22.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) .... (S) (S) – (S) .1 (S)

Private truck 13.1 ........................... 5.1 35.8 8.1 48.9 8.7 11.9

For-hire truck 19.0 .......................... 5.0 20.3 6.6 14.6 9.3 9.4

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail (S) ................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... (S) (S) (S) 70.9 .1 (S) Truck and air – ........................... ––––– – Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– – Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) – 84.3 – (S)

STCC 08, FOREST PRODUCTS

Total 26.3 .......................... – 38.4 – 39.5 – (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 100.0 .... (S) 100.0 10.5 100.0 10.5 (S) Private truck 34.0 ........................... 14.7 41.4 13.9 41.2 13.8 21.4 For-hire truck 31.0 .......................... 13.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail – ................................... ––––– –

Inland water – ........................... ––––– – Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air – ........................... ––––– –

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–11
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 09, FRESH FISH OR OTHER

MARINE PRODUCTS

Total 16.4 .......................... – 42.6 – (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 100.0 .... – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Private truck 32.2 ........................... 10.2 29.0 10.0 28.9 9.8 12.3

For-hire truck 21.9 .......................... 10.3 20.9 11.1 21.6 14.8 8.0

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail 53.5 ................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air 100.0 ........................... – 100.0 (S) 100.0 – (S)

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – .............. ––––– –

STCC 10, METALLIC ORES

Total 46.8 .......................... – 42.6 – 33.6 – 22.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 52.1 .... (S) 50.0 10.7 48.1 10.8 31.9 Private truck 98.8 ........................... (S) 89.4 6.1 99.1 – (S)

For-hire truck (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail (D) ................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – ........................... ––––– – Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– – Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air – ........................... ––––– –

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) .............. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 11, COAL

Total 10.1 .......................... – 17.6 – 22.3 – 19.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – .... ––––– –

Private truck (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

For-hire truck 15.8 .......................... 7.2 18.6 7.8 28.5 4.4 11.3

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail 32.7 ................................... 3.5 33.5 3.8 35.5 9.3 20.0

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– – Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– – Truck and air – ........................... ––––– – Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– – Truck and water 40.9 ........................ 4.3 41.1 3.6 40.9 11.0 23.6

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water (S) ......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 29.4 .............. 6.4 45.3 8.1 40.9 3.0 29.9

B–12nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 13, CRUDE PETROLEUM,

NATURAL GAS, OR GASOLINE

Total (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – .... ––––– –

Private truck (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail – ................................... ––––– –

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) 8.0 (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... (S) (S) (S) 100.0 .4 (S)

Truck and air – ........................... ––––– –

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water (S) ........................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 14, NONMETALLIC

MINERALS

Total 24.8 .......................... – 15.0 – 14.3 – 11.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – .... ––––– –

Private truck 18.5 ........................... 7.4 20.9 6.6 18.7 5.6 11.8

For-hire truck 37.4 .......................... 7.8 21.9 6.4 19.0 5.2 15.8

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail 30.8 ................................... 1.6 21.7 1.7 21.2 5.5 19.9

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air – ........................... ––––– –

Truck and rail (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) 28.0 .8 (S)

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 49.8 .............. .5 (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

STCC 19, ORDNANCE OR

ACCESSORIES

Total 41.3 .......................... – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) .... (S) 84.2 (S) 88.1 (S) (S)

Private truck (D) ........................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) For-hire truck 38.1 .......................... 10.4 40.2 18.2 (S) (S) (S) Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail (D) ................................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– – Truck and air (S) ........................... (S) 94.7 (S) 93.4 .1 (S) Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– – Truck and water (S) ........................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) (S) 66.7 .8 (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–13
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 20, FOOD OR KINDRED

PRODUCTS

Total 7.1 .......................... – 6.9 – 9.3 – 16.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 29.2 .... – 24.4 – 35.5 – 23.8

Private truck 8.7 ........................... 2.2 8.1 2.7 9.4 3.0 11.4

For-hire truck 11.3 .......................... 2.1 10.6 1.5 10.7 3.8 4.3

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail 22.6 ................................... .3 20.6 .6 21.9 1.7 25.2

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... (S) 48.1 .2 46.5 .4 25.6

Truck and air (S) ........................... – 99.8 – 99.5 – (S)

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water (S) ........................ – (S) – (S) .1 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 43.6 .............. .3 45.1 1.1 (S) .4 (S)

STCC 21, TOBACCO PRODUCTS,

EXCLUDING INSECTICIDES

Total 22.3 .......................... – 13.3 – 21.0 – 19.6

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 41.8 .... .3 44.1 .3 49.3 1.1 26.6

Private truck 24.6 ........................... 8.2 18.2 7.7 26.4 14.8 11.1

For-hire truck 26.4 .......................... 8.3 27.3 7.8 26.1 14.6 19.6

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail – ................................... ––––– –

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air – ........................... ––––– –

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water 100.0 ........................ – 100.0 – 100.0 .6 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – .............. ––––– –

STCC 22, TEXTILE MILL

PRODUCTS

Total 6.9 .......................... – 8.8 – 10.4 – 6.3

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 15.7 .... .2 13.7 .1 15.7 .1 9.4 Private truck 10.4 ........................... 3.8 6.9 3.6 11.5 3.3 14.8 For-hire truck 10.2 .......................... 3.7 13.8 3.3 13.0 3.0 4.3 Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail (S) ................................... (S) (S) (S) 47.6 1.6 28.1

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... (S) (S) (S) (S) .2 (S) Truck and air 38.6 ........................... – 35.7 – 42.8 – 19.3 Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– – Truck and water (S) ........................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 42.5 .............. .3 (S) (S) 42.3 .6 47.6

B–14nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 5

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 23, APPAREL OR OTHER

FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS

Total 12.9 .......................... – 11.9 – 19.4 – 8.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 36.6 .... 1.4 26.5 .5 34.0 .9 7.7

Private truck 6.6 ........................... 4.7 13.2 4.2 24.3 3.3 25.7

For-hire truck 20.0 .......................... 4.7 17.6 4.0 21.3 2.9 8.8

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail 100.0 ................................... – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) .3 (S)

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 27.9 .............. .4 39.0 .5 41.0 .4 (S)

STCC 24, LUMBER OR WOOD

PRODUCTS, EXCLUDING

FURNITURE

Total 7.5 .......................... – 14.4 – 7.1 – 18.4

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) .... (S) (S) – (S) – (S) Private truck 8.3 ........................... 2.5 18.6 6.9 10.3 3.1 11.4 For-hire truck 11.4 .......................... 2.2 28.2 6.9 12.0 3.3 34.8 Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail 10.4 ................................... .9 23.2 .8 11.8 2.0 11.2

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) 100.0 – (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– – Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 100.0 ........... – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and air 89.1 ........................... – 67.7 – 67.1 – (S)

Truck and rail 41.7 .......................... – 46.9 – (S) – (S)

Truck and water 100.0 ........................ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea 100.0 .............. – 100.0 – (S) .1 (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 25.2 .............. .3 24.5 .1 30.2 .4 (S)

STCC 25, FURNITURE OR

FIXTURES

Total 9.2 .......................... – 16.1 – 23.4 – 13.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 23.9 .... .5 28.3 .4 28.1 .3 7.1 Private truck 10.0 ........................... 3.2 11.4 6.2 15.7 5.9 25.2 For-hire truck 12.0 .......................... 3.2 23.2 5.8 22.4 5.4 2.5 Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail (S) ................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– – Truck and air (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– – Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 49.8 .............. 1.4 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–15
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 6

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 26, PULP, PAPER, OR

ALLIED PRODUCTS

Total 10.7 .......................... – 12.3 – 13.8 – 9.7

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 31.0 .... .2 44.5 – 33.5 – 18.2

Private truck 13.5 ........................... 1.8 30.9 4.1 44.5 1.3 5.6

For-hire truck 15.5 .......................... 2.8 13.8 3.3 20.1 4.1 5.8

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail 12.8 ................................... 3.1 12.9 3.1 15.0 4.4 4.9

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) .2 (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... – (S) – 76.2 – (S)

Truck and air 99.2 ........................... – 69.2 – 83.9 – (S)

Truck and rail (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) 1.0 (S)

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 30.0 .............. .9 36.1 1.1 35.1 1.2 (S)

STCC 27, PRINTED MATTER

Total (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) .... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Private truck (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

For-hire truck (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Air 100.0 .................................... – 100.0 – 100.0 – –

Rail (S) ................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... (S) 95.9 (S) 99.7 .4 –

Truck and air (S) ........................... (S) 52.1 .1 57.6 .2 –

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) (S) 34.9 (S) –

STCC 28, CHEMICALS OR ALLIED

PRODUCTS

Total 11.0 .......................... – 14.2 – 14.0 – 20.5

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 21.5 .... .2 32.6 – 42.6 .1 11.3 Private truck 32.5 ........................... 6.5 26.3 3.3 18.7 1.0 9.1 For-hire truck 13.2 .......................... 7.3 10.5 6.9 9.2 7.8 9.0 Air 49.8 .................................... .4 49.7 – 49.6 – 25.9 Rail 30.0 ................................... 2.8 26.2 5.7 25.3 8.7 24.4

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline (S) ............................... (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– – Truck and air 47.2 ........................... 2.8 48.4 – 48.4 – 21.5 Truck and rail (S) .......................... (S) 38.6 .7 43.3 1.5 23.6

Truck and water (S) ........................ (S) (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 32.0 .............. .8 31.6 1.6 (S) (S) (S)

B–16nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 7

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 29, PETROLEUM OR COAL

PRODUCTS

Total 23.2 .......................... – 19.8 – 12.2 – 15.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 50.8 .... – 64.1 – 70.8 – (S)

Private truck 27.9 ........................... 7.0 27.6 5.4 30.7 2.8 14.9

For-hire truck 41.1 .......................... 8.2 40.9 7.2 22.2 3.7 (S)

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail 16.1 ................................... 3.9 17.2 6.3 12.2 5.5 14.4

Inland water 50.0 ........................... 1.9 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline (S) ............................... .1 (S) .1 93.4 – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air – ........................... ––––– –

Truck and rail 100.0 .......................... – (S) – (S) .3 (S)

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

STCC 30, RUBBER OR

MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS

PRODUCTS

Total 10.3 .......................... – 9.6 – 13.6 – 9.6

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 25.2 .... .6 27.5 .2 23.3 .2 9.5 Private truck 14.9 ........................... 1.9 13.2 2.5 25.8 2.6 12.1 For-hire truck 9.0 .......................... 2.7 11.0 3.4 15.0 5.2 5.9 Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail 30.6 ................................... 2.0 27.8 1.4 31.9 4.4 19.8

Inland water – ........................... ––––– – Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– – Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 100.0 ........... – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and air 48.0 ........................... – 80.0 – 76.3 – (S)

Truck and rail (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 42.9 .............. 1.3 (S) (S) 36.4 .6 37.5

STCC 31, LEATHER OR LEATHER

PRODUCTS

Total 41.9 .......................... – 41.9 – 42.2 – 19.3

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 26.8 .... 19.5 (S) (S) 34.0 (S) (S)

Private truck (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) .......................... (S) 83.3 (S) 94.5 (S) (S) Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail – ................................... ––––– –

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– – Truck and air – ........................... ––––– – Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– – Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 64.3 .............. .1 86.9 – 92.7 – (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–17
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 8

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 32, CLAY, CONCRETE,

GLASS, OR STONE PRODUCTS

Total 7.7 .......................... – 10.5 – 10.4 – 11.9

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 42.6 .... .3 42.6 – 30.5 – 36.1

Private truck 11.0 ........................... 2.1 15.0 4.1 18.0 2.9 21.5

For-hire truck 7.3 .......................... 1.9 15.9 4.4 13.6 4.4 8.8

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail 13.3 ................................... 1.5 18.1 1.5 15.1 4.3 4.4

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... (S) (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Truck and air 100.0 ........................... – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and rail (S) .......................... (S) (S) – (S) .2 (S)

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) – (S) .2 (S)

STCC 33, PRIMARY METAL

PRODUCTS

Total 12.2 .......................... – 9.2 – 18.0 – 14.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 18.1 .... .2 14.1 – 7.9 – 11.1

Private truck 17.7 ........................... 3.1 18.1 2.7 30.7 3.4 18.9

For-hire truck 17.6 .......................... 3.2 8.3 3.8 13.7 7.5 5.8

Air 100.0 .................................... – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Rail 25.3 ................................... 3.6 31.2 4.9 37.0 9.4 14.7

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... .1 (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and air (S) ........................... (S) 49.8 – 48.1 – 16.5

Truck and rail (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Truck and water (S) ........................ (S) (S) – (S) .2 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 46.2 .............. 1.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 34, FABRICATED METAL

PRODUCTS

Total 3.0 .......................... – 4.7 – 6.0 – 11.8

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 19.8 .... 1.7 20.9 .2 23.8 .4 10.4 Private truck 9.0 ........................... 3.2 10.1 3.7 11.1 2.6 12.7 For-hire truck 6.5 .......................... 2.7 10.0 3.8 8.7 2.9 5.2 Air 43.0 .................................... – 37.6 – 45.9 – 25.5 Rail (S) ................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) .6 (S)

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... – (S) (S) 100.0 .1 (S) Truck and air 38.1 ........................... .1 45.7 – 33.6 – 4.1 Truck and rail (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) .2 (S)

Truck and water (S) ........................ (S) (S) .1 (S) .8 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) 35.7 .4 (S) (S) (S)

B–18nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 9

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 35, MACHINERY,

EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL

Total 11.6 .......................... – 15.2 – 15.3 – 12.7

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 14.4 .... 2.6 17.3 1.1 18.5 1.8 16.7

Private truck 24.4 ........................... 4.6 24.8 3.8 30.7 6.2 13.8

For-hire truck 9.2 .......................... 3.3 12.6 3.6 15.1 5.1 8.6

Air 73.4 .................................... – 73.2 – 63.4 – (S)

Rail (S) ................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and air 30.5 ........................... .5 26.7 .1 33.5 .3 12.6

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water 100.0 ........................ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 26.0 .............. 1.0 39.3 .7 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 36, ELECTRICAL

MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, OR

SUPPLIES

Total 16.6 .......................... – 12.2 – 34.1 – 10.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 25.7 .... 3.0 22.2 .9 32.6 .8 11.1 Private truck 17.3 ........................... 2.9 20.0 3.9 37.6 1.0 (S) For-hire truck 27.3 .......................... 4.8 12.8 3.8 16.9 9.1 8.4 Air (S) .................................... – 67.1 – 57.0 – (S) Rail 49.2 ................................... 1.6 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ........................... ––––– – Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– – Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and air 39.7 ........................... 2.7 27.8 .2 28.4 .4 9.7

Truck and rail (S) .......................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water (S) ........................ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (S) .............. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 35.7 .............. 1.4 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 37, TRANSPORTATION

EQUIPMENT

Total 18.7 .......................... – 12.8 – 11.7 – 28.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 38.9 .... .9 43.3 .2 (S) .4 (S) Private truck 23.3 ........................... 5.1 36.9 5.7 32.2 4.2 28.7 For-hire truck 26.5 .......................... 7.0 17.7 5.9 15.4 6.7 11.7 Air (S) .................................... (S) 40.7 – 42.7 – 33.5 Rail 34.4 ................................... 2.0 31.2 5.1 33.9 6.8 17.0

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and air 32.2 ........................... 1.2 30.6 – 30.5 .1 7.2 Truck and rail 43.9 .......................... .1 (S) (S) 48.3 .3 33.5

Truck and water (S) ........................ (S) (S) (S) (S) .3 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 30.6 .............. .4 28.9 .3 (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–19
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 10

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 38, INSTRUMENTS,

PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS,

OPTICAL GOODS, WATCHES,

OR CLOCKS

Total 17.2 .......................... – (S) (S) 17.4 – 16.3

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 20.2 .... 6.7 20.4 9.9 15.1 7.8 19.9 Private truck 30.9 ........................... 4.0 31.2 6.6 27.7 1.5 14.1 For-hire truck 22.3 .......................... 5.4 (S) (S) 20.7 8.4 25.1 Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail – ................................... ––––– –

Inland water – ........................... ––––– – Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– – Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air 32.5 ........................... 1.0 33.4 .3 34.5 .8 13.3

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) (S) 38.6 .6 (S)

STCC 39, MISCELLANEOUS

PRODUCTS OF

MANUFACTURING

Total 27.8 .......................... – 18.0 – 25.9 – 12.3

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 49.5 .... 7.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Private truck 20.2 ........................... 3.5 24.0 4.6 24.9 2.6 15.3 For-hire truck 16.1 .......................... 5.5 20.9 4.7 25.8 3.8 7.5 Air – .................................... ––––– – Rail – ................................... ––––– –

Inland water – ........................... ––––– – Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– – Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air (S) ........................... (S) 46.1 .1 56.4 .2 (S)

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 28.2 .............. .6 42.1 .6 26.3 .1 49.3

STCC 40, WASTE OR SCRAP

MATERIALS

Total 15.1 .......................... – 14.0 – 23.3 – 21.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 96.8 .... – 98.6 – 98.6 – (S)

Private truck 28.9 ........................... 10.1 19.6 7.3 49.9 5.0 25.3

For-hire truck 34.8 .......................... 6.7 47.5 5.0 39.1 4.5 26.7

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail 24.0 ................................... 3.9 16.9 5.2 21.6 7.2 41.2

Inland water (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– – Truck and air – ........................... ––––– – Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– – Truck and water (S) ........................ (S) (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water (D) ......................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) .............. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

B–20nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 11

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 41, MISCELLANEOUS

FREIGHT SHIPMENTS

Total 36.0 .......................... – 37.3 – 36.8 – 39.9

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) .... (S) 42.0 3.2 35.3 2.9 (S)

Private truck 36.7 ........................... 14.8 37.4 11.5 36.9 16.5 20.6

For-hire truck 44.7 .......................... 8.0 (S) (S) 37.6 11.2 28.8

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail – ................................... ––––– –

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air 68.9 ........................... – 80.2 – 68.0 – (S)

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water 100.0 ........................ .9 100.0 .3 100.0 7.5 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 42, CONTAINERS,

CARRIERS OR DEVICES,

SHIPPING, RETURNED EMPTY

Total (D) .......................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (D) .... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Private truck (D) ........................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) .......................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail – ................................... ––––– –

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– – Truck and air – ........................... ––––– – Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– – Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – .............. ––––– –

STCC 48, WASTE HAZARDOUS

MATERIALS OR WASTE

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

Total (D) .......................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (D) .... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Private truck (D) ........................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) .......................... (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Air – .................................... ––––– –

Rail – ................................... ––––– –

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ........... ––––– –

Truck and air – ........................... ––––– –

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– – Rail and water – ......................... ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) .............. (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–21
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:31 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_01 PAGE: 12

TSF:TIPS92-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 UTF:TIPS93-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:03 META:TIPS96-16130113.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:13:23

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

COMMODITY UNKNOWN

Total 35.6 .......................... – 27.6 – 25.8 – 41.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) .... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Private truck (S) ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

For-hire truck 49.7 .......................... 9.7 (S) (S) 36.6 11.6 24.3

Air (S) .................................... (S) 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Rail (S) ................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ........................... ––––– –

Great Lakes – ........................... ––––– –

Deep sea water – ........................ ––––– –

Pipeline – ............................... ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ........... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and air – ........................... ––––– –

Truck and rail – .......................... ––––– –

Truck and water – ........................ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ...................... ––––– –

Rail and water – ......................... ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ............ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – .............. ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) .............. (S) 44.6 9.1 (S) (S) (S)

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

B–22nn ALABAMA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 7/ 18/ 96 16:19:16 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1536 7/ 16/ 96 17:20:27 UPF:GPO_TCV_7_01 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-16190448.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:19:06 UTF:TIPS93-16190448.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:19:06 META:TIPS96-16190448.DAT;1 7/ 18/ 96 16:19:14

Table B–7. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by State of Destination for

State of Origin: 1993

State of Destination

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Total 3.3 .............................................. – 5.8 – 3.0 –

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut ................................................ 17.4 .1 21.0 – 23.8 .1 Maine ..................................................... 32.1 .1 30.4 – 31.7 .1 Massachusetts 26.3 ............................................. .2 15.5 – 15.4 .1 New Hampshire 21.6 ............................................ – 21.2 – 22.2 – Rhode Island 20.9 ............................................... – 37.8 – 38.5 .1 Vermont ................................................... 32.0 – 38.7 – 39.8 –

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey ................................................ 15.6 .2 13.1 – 14.6 .2 New York.................................................. 15.2 .2 8.2 – 8.6 .1 Pennsylvania............................................... 8.2 .1 10.7 .1 10.7 .3

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois ..................................................... 10.3 .3 20.8 .2 19.2 .6 Indiana .................................................... 12.4 .2 24.6 .2 25.5 .6 Michigan................................................... 20.2 .5 19.1 .1 19.8 .4 Ohio ...................................................... 4.6 .2 6.8 .1 8.1 .2 Wisconsin ................................................. 14.9 .1 23.7 .2 28.1 .9

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa ...................................................... 20.2 .1 17.1 – 20.1 .1 Kansas .................................................... 10.4 – 14.5 – 14.0 .1 Minnesota ................................................. 25.5 .2 20.3 .1 20.2 .3 Missouri ................................................... 26.6 .4 23.1 .1 26.2 .3 Nebraska .................................................. 19.3 – 17.9 – 20.5 .1 North Dakota 41.4 .............................................. – 39.7 – 40.2 – South Dakota 30.8 .............................................. – 45.9 – (S) –

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware .................................................. 43.5 .1 19.1 – 20.8 – District of Columbia 43.0 ......................................... – (S) – (S) – Florida .................................................... 9.4 .4 13.5 .5 10.5 .6 Georgia ................................................... 4.9 .4 9.3 .6 9.2 .5 Maryland .................................................. 17.4 .1 20.7 – 23.7 .2

North Carolina 6.0 ............................................. .1 9.7 .2 11.4 .4 South Carolina 7.6 ............................................. .2 13.1 .1 16.2 .4 Virginia .................................................... 17.5 .2 10.3 – 8.7 .1 West Virginia 23.5 ............................................... .1 26.0 .1 25.5 .2

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama................................................... 4.4 1.2 7.7 2.1 10.4 1.9

Kentucky .................................................. 12.8 .2 11.9 .1 15.9 .2

Mississippi ................................................. 7.1 .2 22.3 .7 17.4 .5

Tennessee................................................. 7.6 .5 8.8 .3 8.6 .3

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas .................................................. 10.9 .1 17.6 .1 17.9 .2

Louisiana .................................................. 17.4 .3 16.6 .2 16.6 .5

Oklahoma ................................................. 31.4 .2 17.0 – 17.5 .1

Texas ..................................................... 8.2 .3 10.7 .2 11.3 .7

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona.................................................... 22.0 – 25.3 – 25.0 .1

Colorado .................................................. 14.6 – 34.0 – 34.0 .1

Idaho ..................................................... 20.8 – 46.2 – 43.5 .1

Montana................................................... 37.1 – 45.7 – 47.0 .2

Nevada.................................................... 33.3 .1 28.5 – 29.8 .1

New Mexico ............................................... 18.8 – 36.4 – 34.3 –

Utah ...................................................... 29.1 .1 38.9 – 40.6 .2

Wyoming .................................................. 27.2 – 32.3 – 32.8 –

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska .................................................... (S) (S) (S) – (S) .1

California .................................................. 9.3 .2 17.7 .1 19.7 1.6

Hawaii..................................................... 44.3 – (S) – 45.3 .1

Oregon .................................................... 18.0 .1 21.6 – 21.8 .3

Washington ................................................ (S) (S) 26.5 – 40.0 .5

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY ALABAMA APPENDIX BnnB–23
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Appendix C.

Sample Design, Survey Methodology, and Estimation

SAMPLE DESIGN

The sample for the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is a

stratified three-stage probability design where the firststage sample units are establishments, the second-stage

units are 2-week periods of 1993, and the third-stage units

are shipments. In a probability sample, (1) there are

distinct samples that can be selected, (2) each sample has

a known probability of selection, and (3) one of the distinct

samples is chosen.

In the first stage, approximately 200,000 domestic establishments were selected from a universe of 800,000 establishments engaged in mining, manufacturing, wholesale,

and selected retail and service activities, as well as

auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses) of multiestablishment companies. Establishments classified in farming, forestry, fishing, oil and gas extraction, government, construction, or

transportation, and most establishments in retail and services are not covered by the CFS.

Establishments were selected from the 1992 Standard

Statistical Establishment List (SSEL) of business establishments with paid employees. The SSEL, maintained by the

Bureau of the Census, is a central multipurpose computerized name and address file of all known multiestablishment firms, and single-establishment employer firms. Establishments having 1991 payroll and classified in the kinds of

business of interest to the survey were eligible for selection.

The establishments in the survey universe were stratified by Standard Industrial Classification1 (SIC), National

Transportation Analysis Region (NTAR), and Type of Operation Code (TOC). (The Department of Transportation (DOT)

developed the NTAR’s to create geographic regions that

could be used in conjunction with other DOT data to

measure and analyze nationwide patterns of transportation

demands and activities.) Within each stratum (1) the

establishments were divided into certainty and noncertainty establishments based on employment size, (2) certainties (typically large firms) were automatically selected,

and (3) a sample of noncertainty establishments was

selected with probability proportional to estimated size,

where the measure of size was based on annual payroll.

The manner in which the sample was selected ensured

that, if an establishment was twice as large as another

establishment, it would typically have twice the chance of

being selected. The final sample contained 106,362 certainty establishments and 90,814 noncertainty establishments.

In the second stage, establishments selected for the

CFS were asked to report for a predetermined 2-week

period in each of the four quarters of calendar year 1993.

Entire 2-week periods were used to reduce the effect of

any daily or weekly bias. Each week of the quarter began

a different 2-week reporting period, resulting in 13 possible

reporting periods originating in the first quarter. Each

sampled establishment was randomly assigned one of

these thirteen 2-week reporting periods in the first quarter.

To avoid potential quarterly cycles, reporting periods in

subsequent quarters were assigned so that an establishment did not report at the same time each quarter. In all,

responses were obtained for 8 out of 52 weeks during

1993.

In the third stage of sampling, for each of the 2-week

periods determined in the second stage, a reporting establishment selected a systematic sample of its shipments

from its files. The questionnaire provided sampling instructions that typically resulted in a sample of between 20 and

50 shipments being selected each quarter.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

The 1993 CommodityFlowSurvey(CFS)is an establishmentbased shipper survey that used mailout/ mailback data

collection. Respondents were asked to select a sample of

their outbound shipments and to report, for each sampled

shipment, the major commodity, weight, value, transportation mode(s), origin, destination, and indicators of whether

the shipment was an export, hazardous material, or containerized. For exports we also collected the mode of

export and city and country of destination. For multicommodity shipments, the respondents were instructed to

report the commodity that made up the greatest percentage of the shipment’s weight.

Two report forms were used for the survey—the

CFS-1000 (the primary questionnaire) and the CFS-2000,

which was sent in the fourth quarter to a subsample of

establishments. The CFS-2000 contained additional questions about the establishment’s transportation equipment

and access to shipping facilities. See appendix E for

sample questionnaires.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

D.C 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX C C–1
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ESTIMATION

Estimates in this survey are derived from weighted

shipment data and are then adjusted using several factors

to account for nonresponse, undercoverage, and response

errors. Selected establishments reported for a sample of

their shipments. We weighted these shipments to represent the establishment’s shipments for the year. Each

establishment’s data were then weighted by the inverse of

the establishment’s probability of being selected into the

sample, which allows data from selected establishments to

represent nonselected establishments. We also used results

from the economic census of Mineral Industries, Manufactures, Wholesale, Retail, and Service to construct adjustment factors at the establishment level and at the SIC

level. We adjusted individual establishments to the Census

to correct for sampling error and nonsampling error in the

selection of shipments within the establishment. We performed the SIC-level adjustment to correct for sampling

error in the selection of establishments and to account for

undercoverage and establishment nonresponse.

C–2 APPENDIX C TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Appendix D.

Standard Transportation Commodity Classification Code

Information

The commodities shown in this report are classified in

accordance with the Standard Transportation Commodity

Classification (STCC) system, published by the Association of American Railroads.1

We provided respondents with a listing of STCC codes

and descriptions at the five-digit level to use in assigning a

commodity code for each shipment. For shipments of

more than one commodity, we instructed respondents to

use the five-digit code for the major commodity, defined as

the commodity of greatest total weight in the shipment.

For this report, we aggregated the STCC codes to the

two-digit level.

The following provides a description of each STCC code

presented in this report.

STCC

code Commodity description STCCcode Commodity description

01 Farm products 30 Rubber or miscellaneous plastics products

08 Forest products 31 Leather or leather products

09 Fresh fish 32 Clay, concrete, glass, or stone products

33 Primary metal products

10 Metallic ores 34 Fabricated metal products

11 Coal 35 Machinery, excluding electrical

13 Crude petroleum, natural gas or gasoline 36 Electrical machinery, equipment, or supplies

14 Nonmetallic ores, minerals, excluding fuels 37 Transportation equipment

19 Ordnance or accessories 38 Instruments, photographic goods, optical

goods, watches, or clocks

20 Food and kindred products 39 Miscellaneous products of manufacturing

21 Tobacco products, excluding insecticides

22 Textile mill products 40 Waste or scrap materials not identified by

23 Apparel or other finished textile products or producing industry

knit apparel 41 Miscellaneous freight shipments

24 Lumber or wood products, excluding furniture 42 Containers, carriers or devices, shipping,

25 Furniture or fixtures returned empty

26 Pulp, paper, or allied products 48 Waste hazardous materials or waste

27 Printed matter hazardous substances

28 Chemicals or allied products

29 Petroleum or coal products -- Commodity unknown

1

For additional information on the STCC system, contact: STCC

Technical Committee, c/ o Committee Secretary, Association of American

Railroads, 50 F Street, NW, Room 5603, Washington, DC 20001-1564.

Telephone number 202-639-2332; fax number 202-639-2312.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX D D–1
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Appendix E.

Sample Report Forms and Instructions

The sample report forms and instructions are shown on the following pages.

Note: The CFS-2000 was sent to a subsample of establishments to obtain additional information

about the use of transportation equipment and facilities.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–1
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–2U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS FORM (9-2-92)CFS-1000 YOUR RESPONSE IS REQUIRED BY LAW. Title 13, United States Code, requires businesses and other organizations that receive this questionnaire to answer the questions and return the report to the Census Bureau. By the same law, YOUR CENSUS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL. It may be seen only by Census Bureau employees and may be used only for statistical purposes. Further, copies retained in respondents’ files are immune from legal process. Item A Is this establishment’s physical location the same as the address shown in the label? OM

CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION FOR ASSISTANCE IN COMPLETING THIS FORM, CALL 1-800-528-3049(Please correct any error in name, address, a

BU

120

Jef

ESTABLISHMENT NAMEPlease read the accompanying instructions before completing this questionnaire. The sampling instructions beginnin

page 2 of the questionnaire describe how to take a sample of your outbound shipments covering the two-week p

shown above. You should use your sales invoices, bills of lading, and any other file of shipping documents which represents your total outbound shipments (or deliveries). PHYSICAL LOCATION (PO boxes or rural routes are not physical locations.) 12 In operation Item C Item D ORIGIN OF SHIPMENTS During the two-week period, did any of your shipments 

from locations other than this physical location? No — Skip to Item E on page 2. Enter an "A" as the 

code in column (k) of item F for all shipment

Yes — Enter the City, State, and ZIP Code of these 

Origin code City 

ABCD Location in mailing address or in Ite

Does your Census File Number (CFN) shown in 

begin with a "0" (zero)? Yes — Include shipments from those other lo

appropriate origin code (A, B, C, or D) 

all shipments selected. Now skip to Ite

No — Do any of these other locations keep th

Yes — Omit shipments from these other 

own records from your sampling

No — Include shipments from these oth

and place the appropriate origin c

of item F for all shipments selecte

1 Yes 2 No — Enter physical location below. Number and street City, town, village, etc. State ZIP Code Month/Day/Year 12 

12 12 

RETURN TO Item F, Shipment Characteristics — Beginning on page 2, provide the information requested for each of your sam

shipments. If book figures are not available for weight, value, etc., please provide an estimate. Item B OPERATIONAL STATUS OF ESTABLISHMENT — Mark (X) the ONE box which best describes this establishment during the 2-week period shown above. Is the establishment name shown in the mailing address correct? 1 Yes 2 No — Enter correct name. INSTRUCTIONS 3 Ceased operation — Give date Temporarily or seasonally inactive 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Page 2 FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92)

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS

1. Enter your total number

of shipments for the 2-week

period.

If your total number of shipments is 40 or less,

provide data for every shipment during the 2-week

period in Item F. If the number of shipments is 41 or

more, continue with steps 4 and 5 to select the

shipments to report.

2. Find the range in column (1) at right that includes the

number entered in 1 above. Put an (X) in column (2)

beside it.

3.

Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description(Largest weight)

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

NOTE — Remove any voided invoices, credit

memoranda, etc. from the files, if possible, before

estimating the total number of shipments.

Item E SOURCE DOCUMENT

Please mark (X) the main document that you

will use to obtain the requested information.

1 Sales invoices

2 Bills of lading

CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE. —

Number of

shipments

Mark (X) one

(2)

"Take every" number

(3)

Expected

sample size

(1) (4)

0–40

41—100

101—200

201—400

401—800

801—1600

2

5

10

20

40

Call Census

1–800–528–3049

1–40

20—50

20—40

20—40

20—40

20—40

Select every shipment

1601 or

more

3 Other — Specify

Continued
E–4 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92) Page 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 4.

If 176 is entered in 1, mark (X) the third row of the

table. The "Take every" number is 5. Begin counting

with the first shipment in the file and select the 5th

5. Sample validation — After sample selection is done,

compare the number of selected shipments to the

expected sample size in column (4). If the number of

selected shipments is above or below the range,

recheck the sample selection.

EXAMPLE:

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS — Continued

Hazardous

material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

8 — Air 0 — Unknown

4. Note the "Take every" number in column (3) next to

the "X" you marked in column (2). Beginning with the

first shipment in the file for the period, count the

shipments until you reach the "Take every" number.

Select that shipment as the first one to report on in

item F.

Continuing with the next shipment, begin counting

from 1 until you reach the "Take every" number again.

Select that shipment. Continue this process until you

reach the end of the file.

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

7 — Pipeline 9 — Other mode

NOTE – If your sample of shipments includes any

voided invoices, credit memoranda, etc., write "VOID"

in column (b) for that shipment. Leave the rest of the

line blank.

shipment to report in Item F. Now beginning with the

6th shipment, count off 5 more, and select the 10th

shipment. Resume counting with the 11th and select

the 15th, 20th shipment, etc. until you reach the end of

the file. You will have selected 35 shipments to report

on in Item F.
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–5 Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description(Largest weight)

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

36

37

38

39

40

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Page 4 FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92)

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Continued
E–6 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

Line No.

FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92) Page 5

(p)

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 6.
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–7

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Page 6 FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92)

REMARKS Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description(Largest weight)

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Name of person to contact regarding this report – Please print Telephone number – Include area code

Item G CERTIFICATION

Continued

Signature Title

Date
E–8 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92) Page 7 Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING YOUR REPORT
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–9 Item D U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS FORM (7-7-93)CFS-2000 YOUR RESPONSE IS REQUIRED BY LAW. Title 13, United States Code, requires businesses and other organizations that receive this questionnaire to answer the questions and return the report to the Census Bureau. By the same law, YOUR CENSUS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL. It may be seen only by Census Bureau employees and may be used only for statistical purposes. Further, copies retained in respondents’ files are immune from legal process. Item A Is this establishment’s physical location the same as the address shown in the label? OM

CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION FOR ASSISTANCE IN COMPLETING THIS FORM, CALL 1-800-528-3049(Please correct any error in name, address, a

BU

12

Jef

ESTABLISHMENT NAME NOTE NEW ITEMS: G, H, I, and J on pages 6 – 8. PHYSICAL LOCATION (PO boxes or rural routes are not physical locations.)

1

2

In operation

Item C

ORIGIN OF SHIPMENTS

During the two-week period, did any of your ship

originate from locations other than this physical 

No — Skip to Item E on page 2. Enter an "A" as the 

code in column (k) of item F for all shipment

Yes — Enter the City, State, and ZIP Code of these 

Origin code City 

A

B

C

D

Location in mailing address or in Ite

Does your Census File Number (CFN) shown in 

begin with a "0" (zero)?

Yes — Include shipments from those other lo

appropriate origin code (A, B, C, or D) 

all shipments selected. Now skip to Ite

No — Do any of these other locations keep th

Yes — Omit shipments from these other 

own records from your sampling

No — Include shipments from these oth

and place the appropriate origin c

of item F for all shipments selecte

1 Yes 2 No — Enter physical location below.

Number and street

City, town, village, etc. State ZIP Code

Month/Day/Year

12

12

12

RETURN

TO

Item B OPERATIONAL STATUS OF ESTABLISHMENT — Mark (X) the ONE box 

which best describes this establishment during the 2-week period shown above.

Is the establishment name shown in the mailing address correct?1 Yes 2 No — Enter correct name.

INSTRUCTIONS

3 Ceased operation — Give date

Temporarily or

seasonally inactive

1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Please complete these items even if you have no shipments to report during

the two-week reporting period.
E–10 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Page 2 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93)

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS

1. Enter your total number

of shipments for the 2-week

period.

If your total number of shipments is 40 or less,

provide data for every shipment during the 2-week

period in Item F. If the number of shipments is 41 or

more, continue with steps 4 and 5 to select the

shipments to report.

2. Find the range in column (1) at right that includes the

number entered in 1 above. Put an (X) in column (2)

beside it.

3.

Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

NOTE — Remove any voided invoices, credit

memoranda, etc. from the files, if possible, before

estimating the total number of shipments.

Item E SOURCE DOCUMENT

Please mark (X) the main document that you

will use to obtain the requested information.

1 Sales invoices

2 Bills of lading

CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE. —

Number of

shipments

Mark (X) one

(2)

"Take every" number

(3)

Expected

sample size

(1) (4)

0–40

41—100

101—200

201—400

401—800

801—1600

2

5

10

20

40

Call Census

1–800–528–3049

1–40

20—50

20—40

20—40

20—40

20—40

Select every shipment

1601 or

more

3 Other — Specify

Continued
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–11

FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Page 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 4.

If 176 is entered in 1, mark (X) the third row of the

table. The "Take every" number is 5. Begin counting

with the first shipment in the file and select the 5th

5. Sample validation — After sample selection is done,

compare the number of selected shipments to the

expected sample size in column (4). If the number of

selected shipments is above or below the range,

recheck the sample selection.

EXAMPLE:

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS — Continued

Hazardous

material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

8 — Air 0 — Unknown

4. Note the "Take every" number in column (3) next to

the "X" you marked in column (2). Beginning with the

first shipment in the file for the period, count the

shipments until you reach the "Take every" number.

Select that shipment as the first one to report on in

item F.

Continuing with the next shipment, begin counting

from 1 until you reach the "Take every" number again.

Select that shipment. Continue this process until you

reach the end of the file.

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

7 — Pipeline 9 — Other mode

NOTE – If your sample of shipments includes any

voided invoices, credit memoranda, etc., write "VOID"

in column (b) for that shipment. Leave the rest of the

line blank.

shipment to report in Item F. Now beginning with the

6th shipment, count off 5 more, and select the 10th

shipment. Resume counting with the 11th and select

the 15th, 20th shipment, etc. until you reach the end of

the file. You will have selected 35 shipments to report

on in Item F.
E–12 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

36

37

38

39

40

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Page 4 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93)

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Continued
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–13 Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

Line No.

FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Page 5

(p)

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 6.
E–14 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Page 6 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Item G AVAILABILITY AND USE OF ON-SITE SHIPPING FACILITIES

Continued

In column (b), mark "Yes" or "No" for each type of shipping facility to indicate whether or not this type of facility

existed on-site during 1993. For each "Yes" in column (b), mark "Yes" or "No" in column (c) to indicate whether or

not you used the facility on your premises for outbound shipments during 1993.

Type of shipping facility

(a)

Was a shipping facility of this type

on your premises during 1993?

Did you use this facility on your

premises for outbound shipments

during 1993?

1. Rail siding

Waterway dock, Great Lakes

Waterway dock, inland water

Airport/landing strip capable of

handling your shipments

Pipeline terminal

Yes

No

(b) (c)

2.

3.

5.

6.

Yes

No

4. Waterway dock, deep sea water

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–15

FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Page 7 Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

Item H USE OF OFF-SITE SHIPPING FACILITIES

In column (b), mark "Yes" or "No" for each type of shipping facility to indicate whether or not you used an off-site

facility of that type for outbound shipments during 1993. For those marked "Yes", enter the miles to that off-site

facility in column (c), and the mode of transport used to reach that facility in column (d). The modes are listed below.

Type of shipping facility

(a)

Did you use this type of off-site facility for outbound

shipments during 1993?

Distance to the off-site facility of this

type that you used most in 1993

1. Rail siding

Waterway dock, 

Great Lakes

Waterway dock, 

inland water

Airport/landing strip 

capable of handling 

your shipments

Pipeline terminal

Yes

No

(b) (c)

2.

3.

5.

6.

Waterway dock, 

deep sea water

4.

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

(Report in miles - estimates are

acceptable)

Mode of transport used 

to reach that facility

(d)

(Enter a code from the 

list below)

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 8.

1 – Trailer on Flat Car (TOFC)

2 – Private Truck

3 – For-Hire Truck

4 – Rail

7 – Air 

8 – Other

5 – Water

6 – Pipeline

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2
E–16 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Page 8 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93)

Item I USE AND AVAILABILITY OF TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

During 1993, did this location use any of the following types of equipment for outbound shipments? Please check yes or no. For each

equipment type in Item 1 below enter the approximate percentage of your total outbound rail shipments that used that type of rail

car. These percentages should add to 100%. If you had no rail shipments, leave the percentages blank.

Equipment

(a)

Was this type of equipment

used for outbound shipments

during 1993?

Percentage of total 

rail shipments

1. Rail cars that:

Your company owned/leased

Trucks with 6 or more tires or

truck-tractors that:

Aircraft that your company owned or leased

Barges that your company owned or leased

Yes

No

(b) (c)

a.

2.

4.

5.

3. Truck trailers that your company owned or leased

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

b. A common carrier owned/leased

c. Another party owned/leased (e.g. receiver)

a. Your company owned

b. Your company leased, with driver

c. Your company leased, without driver

6. Other equipment that your company owned or leased – Specify

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Item J

During 1993, who generally decided on the mode of transportation for your outbound shipments? Mark (X) appropriate box.

Your company Receiver of shipment Other

Remarks

Name of person to contact regarding this report – Please print

Signature

Telephone number – Include area code Date

Title

Item K CERTIFICATION

TRANSPORTATION DECISIONS

12 3

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–17
E–18 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–19
E–20 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY