REV A December 2014

DOCUMENT NO. HSE-OPS-0001

Contents

Health and Safety Policy Statement ................................................................................................4

Objectives ........................................................................................................................................4

Responsibility for Compliance.......................................................................................................4

Individual Responsibility.................................................................................................................5

Implementation................................................................................................................................5

Environmental Policy Statement.......................................................................................................6

Responsibility ..................................................................................................................................6

Implementation................................................................................................................................6

Accessibility & Review ...................................................................................................................7

Drugs & Alcohol Statement ...............................................................................................................7

Drugs ................................................................................................................................................7

Alcohol..................................................................................................................................................8

Local Application of the Policy ......................................................................................................8

Customers’ Procedures .................................................................................................................8

General HSE Matters .........................................................................................................................8

Operational Risk Assessment...........................................................................................................9

General Safety Requirements and Information..............................................................................9

Safety Audit......................................................................................................................................9
 

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Accident and Incident Reporting.......................................................................................................9

1. Vehicle Accidents..................................................................................................................10

2. Personal Injury.......................................................................................................................10

3. Property Damage..................................................................................................................10

4. Environmental Incidents ....................................................................................................10

5. Near Misses...........................................................................................................................10

PERSONAL SAFETY.......................................................................................................................10

Health and Hygiene......................................................................................................................10

Personal Health ...........................................................................................................................11

Food Hygiene - Risks From Food and Drink ........................................................................11

Water..............................................................................................................................................11

Treatment of Water.....................................................................................................................12

Boiling .............................................................................................................................................12

Chemical disinfection ...................................................................................................................12

Portable filters................................................................................................................................13

As a last resort...............................................................................................................................13

Summary ...........................................................................................................................................14

Health Risk Assessment (HRA)...................................................................................................14

Safety Equipment.............................................................................................................................17

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).........................................................................................17

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT .................................................................................17

Safety Boots .................................................................................................................................17

Applicable Standards ...................................................................................................................17

Hard Hat ........................................................................................................................................17

Applicable Standards..................................................................................................................18

Safety Glasses.............................................................................................................................18

Applicable Standards..................................................................................................................18

Safety Gloves ...............................................................................................................................18

Safety Clothing.............................................................................................................................18

Non-Personal Equipment ..............................................................................................................18

Personal Behavior.........................................................................................................................19
 

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Personal Security Guidelines ...................................................................................................19

Manual Load Handling ...................................................................................................................20

The Dangers.................................................................................................................................20

Strains and Sprains.....................................................................................................................20

Wounds..........................................................................................................................................20

Hernias...........................................................................................................................................20

Fractures .......................................................................................................................................20

How to Prevent Problems..........................................................................................................21

Good Lifting Technique..................................................................................................................21

Noise and Hearing Protection.........................................................................................................23

Other risks.....................................................................................................................................24

Correcting the Problem..............................................................................................................25

OFFSHORE SAFETY.........................................................................................................................25

Vessel Master................................................................................................................................25

UAV Supervisor.............................................................................................................................25

Client’s Representative ................................................................................................................26

Safety Induction.............................................................................................................................26

JSA /JSEA......................................................................................................................................26

BBSI / SOR Program....................................................................................................................26

All Stop ...........................................................................................................................................26

Safety Drills....................................................................................................................................27

Accident Investigation ......................................................................................................................27

The Need for Investigation ..........................................................................................................27

Person Responsible For Investigation.......................................................................................27

The Investigation...........................................................................................................................28

Report Writing................................................................................................................................28

Safety Meetings.................................................................................................................................29

Sleep Deprivation..............................................................................................................................29

Personnel Responsibilities ..............................................................................................................30

Responsibilities............................................................................................................................30

General vessel Safety Topics...................................................................................................30
 

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Housekeeping ..............................................................................................................................30

Clothing & Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)...............................................................31

Hazardous Conditions................................................................................................................32

Confined Spaces .........................................................................................................................32

Vessel Emergency Procedures and Drills .................................................................................34

Emergency Procedures .............................................................................................................34

Drills...............................................................................................................................................35

Emergency Instructions .............................................................................................................36

Abandon Ship...............................................................................................................................36

Fire..................................................................................................................................................37

Gas Escape/Oil Leak..................................................................................................................37

Man Overboard ..............................................................................................................................38

Transportation ...............................................................................................................................39

Rules for Transfer by Boat ........................................................................................................39

Rules for Transfer by Helicopter:.............................................................................................40

In the Event of an Emergency Landing:.............................................................................40

Waste & Pollution............................................................................................................................40

Hazardous Material Spills..........................................................................................................41

Health and Safety Policy Statement

Objectives

The Company’s key objective is the prevention of all accidents, injuries and material losses. 

Great importance is therefore placed on maintaining the health, safety and welfare of 

employees. In addition, the Company wishes to avoid harm to any other persons with whom 

employees may have association in connection with its activities, and to avoid damage to 

property.

Responsibility for Compliance

The Company President accepts overall responsibility for ensuring that all health and safety 

matters are efficiently promoted, implemented and managed. He delegates this 

responsibility via the Executive Committee to Company Managers and their department 

heads, Project Managers and supervisors, all of whom who are to ensure that all activities 
 

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for which they are responsible are carried out in accordance with statutory requirements, 

first class working practices, and Company instructions.

Individual Responsibility

Employees and contractors at all levels are required to cooperate in implementing the 

requirements of all health and safety laws, recognized safe practices, and Company work 

instructions. They are to refrain from any action or omission or anything that constitutes a 

danger to any person and are to be alert to such dangers, advising the Company of situations 

or practices which may endanger any persons or property.

Implementation

To implement the Policy, Sky Net will:

1. Maintain a Safety Management System (SMS), which describes how all health and 

safety matters are to be organized, planned, communicated, managed, documented, 

audited, reviewed and improved.

2. Comply with all laws, regulations and standards which affect Company and employee 

conduct.

3. Ensure that all work places are assessed, suitably equipped, and as free as is 

reasonably practicable from recognized hazards which may have the potential to cause 

death, injury, illness or material loss.

4. Allocate resources and assign responsibilities to meet their objectives.

5. Recognize and resolve any conflict between health and safety factors and commercial 

factors, to the extent that work will not proceed if safe conditions cannot be assured.

6. Encourage employees to improve health and safety awareness in their own sphere of 

activity, to prevent injury to themselves and to other people and to report accidents and 

hazards to their superiors without delay.

7. Hold all supervisory personnel responsible for developing and maintaining safety 

consciousness among their staff, and for assessing and satisfying their training needs.

8. PUAV ide employees and contract staff with suitable safety equipment where 

appropriate.

9. PUAV ide appropriate training to employees.

10. Set and adjust performance targets, and measure their progress towards reaching 

them.

11. Require sub-contractors to adopt and work to the same standards as the Company.
 

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Environmental Policy Statement 

Sky Net has issued this Environmental Mission Statement: “Our goal is to conduct our 

business in a way that protects the environment. Everyone who works for Sky Net has a 

responsibility to give their best efforts to achieve this goal. We are committed to do this 

through our policies and actions.” 

Consequently, Sky Net plans and conducts their operations according to sound 

environmental principles. The Company is to strive always to carry out work in the manner 

best calculated to minimize any adverse environmental effect, to prevent pollution of any kind, 

and is actively seeking ways of reducing environmental damage.

Where their work or conduct or existence is subject to specific laws or regulations, our 

Company will comply fully with all such laws and regulations, and if possible will exceed the 

minimum requirements because this is good business practice. Special attention is to be paid 

to ensure compliance with international conventions and regulations which apply offshore and 

onshore. In the absence of legislation our Company will adhere to appropriate recognized 

standards.

Responsibility

The Company President has overall responsibility for compliance with this Policy, and he 

delegates accountability via the Executive Committee to Company Managers and their 

department heads, Project Managers and supervisors for implementing the requirements of 

the Policy as they apply to the activities under their control.

Implementation

To implement the Policy, Sky Net will:

1. Maintain an Environmental Management System (EMS) in accordance with corporate 

requirements.

2. Set targets from time to time for continually improving its environmental system 

performance and monitor its progress towards them.

3. Allocate resources and assign responsibilities to meet its objectives.

4. Be aware of, and take steps to minimize, any adverse impact on the environment 

where it conducts its operations.

5. Promote environmental awareness and responsibility in its employees and subcontractors.

6. Source products and services from organizations committed to good environmental 

performance.

7. PUAV ide appropriate training to employees.

8. Use energy and other natural resources efficiently, both onshore and offshore.
 

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9. Minimize the production of waste and dispose of it responsibly.

10. Maintain effective plans to deal with unwanted discharges to the environment.

11. Be sensitive to local community concerns about the environmental impact of its 

operations or sites.

12. Be especially vigilant when working in non-renewable areas such as tropical rainforests 

and wetland or sensitive Habitats of birds, animals, or marine life; and in or near 

historically or culturally important sites and artifacts.

13. Audit and review its environmental performance and adjust its targets, at suitable 

intervals.

Accessibility & Review

This policy statement is to be made available to anyone who wishes to see it. The content 

will be reviewed and amended as necessary and all changes will be advised to employees 

at the earliest opportunity.

Drugs & Alcohol Statement 

The summary detailed below defines the Company policy, to which employees are 

expected to adhere, on drugs (including employee testing), alcohol and customers’ 

procedures. 

Drugs

1. The potentially serious and dangerous impact of drug-related incidents both offshore 

and onshore must be continuously recognized.

2. Employees are prohibited from the possession or use of narcotic substances whilst at 

work, unless properly prescribed by a medical practitioner.

3. Employees who are uncertain whether any prescribed medication may contravene this 

policy should initially consult the HSE Manager or the Field Staff Manager IN 

CONFIDENCE.

4. Employees may use medically prescribed and/or ‘over the counter’ drugs in therapeutic 

dosage as long as such drugs do not impair the ability to work and travel safely, and 

provided that the use of such drugs has been declared to the appropriate management 

personnel.

5. The Company will provide regular and appropriate information to ensure that the basis, 

content, controls and associated consequences of drug abuse are understood.
 

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6. The Company may require employees who are reasonably believed to have a drugsrelated problem to undergo medical examination and any subsequent treatment 

recommended by a doctor.

7. The Company also reserves the right to ask its employees to undergo drug testing on a 

regular or random basis at, or by, an independent medical facility.

8. Drug abuse or contravention of this policy may render the employee liable to summary 

dismissal. 

Alcohol

1. The Company does not encourage the use of alcohol.

2. All Company owned and chartered vessels are to be ‘DRY’.

3. The Company may require employees who are reasonably believed to have an 

alcohol-related problem to undergo medical examination and any subsequent 

treatment recommended by a doctor.

4. Being inebriated at work, at any time or in any location, is considered to be an act of 

gross misconduct and will render the employee liable to summary dismissal. “At work” 

includes traveling to and from a place of work, including to and from overseas 

assignments, and at all times when assigned to and involved in a field project, even 

when off duty.

Local Application of the Policy

The President and Company Managers, may also impose more restrictive temporary or 

permanent conditions, universally or locally, including for example a “zero tolerance” policy, 

should they consider this to be in the best interest of the Company, or if this is a customer 

requirement.

All employees and contractors are required to make themselves aware of any such special 

conditions and to observe them.

Customers’ Procedures

Many customers operate prohibited substance search procedures for individuals (and their 

personal effects) whilst on, entering or leaving their premises/vessels. Additionally, customers 

may undertake random drug and/or alcohol testing on those who are working on their 

projects. It is this Company’s policy that its employees and contractors must co-operate fully 

with such customer procedures.

General HSE Matters

It is our policy that HSE matters are the responsibility of line management, even though Safety 

Advisers or Coordinators may be appointed within the group. The Policy Statement makes it 

clear that responsibility is delegated down through the normal management organization 
 

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chart, in such a way as to place the responsibility firmly with each supervisor for safe 

operation.

The managers of Sky Net are directly responsible for the HSE programs/procedure. The 

operations manager is responsible for field activities associated with the mobilization, 

operation, and demobilization of the work. Therefore the operations manager as well as the 

safety coordinator has the responsibility to report to the president from an HSE viewpoint. 

The only exception to this is in respect to the safety of the vessel and all its crew where the 

Jobsite leader has full responsibility and their decisions as to the safe course of action is 

always final. The UAV supervisor and the Jobsite leaders, as appropriate, have full authority 

to stop work or any part of the operation on safety grounds if they believe that by not doing 

so will or may present an unacceptable risk.

The UAV supervisor is responsible for the safe performance of the tasks assigned to him by 

the operations manager, and he is to take note of and implement any instructions on HSE 

matters whether stated in this Safety Plan or verbally advised by the operations manager.

Each member of the crew has a responsibility for acting safely in his day-to-day work and for 

reporting unsafe situations to his supervisor at the earliest opportunity.

Operational Risk Assessment

A risk assessment document should be prepared and contained as part of the project 

documentation. This document should be appended to include updated risks and risk areas 

observed during the project.

General Safety Requirements and Information

Safety Audit

During mobilization to a vessel or onshore job site, a safety audit in accordance with the latest 

standard checklist is to be carried out by a suitably experienced Sky Net employee or by an 

approved consultant. The operations manager and safety coordinator are responsible for 

scheduling the audits and for analyzing the results. The results will be reported to the 

President.

Should an audit have been performed recently, with a successful outcome, the project audit 

need only cover the changes made for this project.

No operations will be permitted to start if any major non-conformance has not been corrected.

Audits should include informal interviews with key personnel to ensure that the procedures 

laid down are understood. The Client may also perform his own audits prior to commencing 

work.

Accident and Incident Reporting

It is essential that all accidents, however small, as well as near misses and unsafe conditions, 

are reported to your Supervisor. The most important reason for this is to try and prevent 

the same thing happening again. Try to remember exactly what took place, perhaps using 

your fellow workers to remind you. The purpose of this is to record the facts and to find out why 

the accident happened, not to allocate blame.
 

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It is the responsibility of the Project / Operations Manager in charge of the project on which 

the event occurred, or the Head of Department, to arrange for the accident report to be 

compiled irrespective of who may technically employ the person(s) involved. Normally the 

responsibility for a report from a project will be delegated to the Supervisor. The reporting 

process must be completed within 24 hours of the accident and, wherever possible, the 

report must be reviewed locally by the appropriate Company Manager. All Accidents are 

to be reported to the person in charge of the project via telephone as soon as possible 

with the written report following as soon as possible. 

In the event that a full report cannot be compiled until sometime later, due for example to the 

inaccessibility of personnel offshore, a preliminary report is to be compiled within 24 hours, 

with a full report following at the earliest opportunity.

Reports are required in these circumstances:

1. Vehicle Accidents involving employees or contractors whether driving or not, 

and whether injured or not.

2. Personal Injury to any person while on company premises or Job site, or 

traveling to or from company business or place of work; or to a non-employee, if the 

action of an employee while on a company activity or using company property may 

have been a contributory factor.

3. Property Damage to property which is owned by, hired by, or is the responsibility 

of, the Company, whether or not it is being used on company business at the time or 

owned by any other party and which has been affected by the actions of the Company 

or any employee.

4. Environmental Incidents

5. Near Misses in the above four categories.

PERSONAL SAFETY

Health and Hygiene 

Whether working onshore or offshore, employees must be reasonably physically fit and in 

good health to be able to perform their duties adequately. A medical check may be required, 

and the Company may require further medical examinations at suitable intervals depending 

on the work that the individual may be expected to do. Employees should advise their 

Supervisor or HSE Manager in confidence of any significant change in their medical condition 

since their last examination that may adversely affect their and others’ ability to undertake 

work healthily and safely. 

Prevailing conditions may require employees to participate in a program of medication and 

inoculation against disease – for example a course of anti-malarial tablets. Full participation 
 

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is important, and mandatory, to maintain the health and fitness of workers. Employees are 

expected to keep their own inoculations up to date, whether or not the Company is aware of 

expiry dates of certificates. Traveling to any risk area without the recommended inoculations 

may not only cause unnecessary illness, but may also invalidate insurance cover.

Personal Health

All personnel need to be aware that:

1. Good health depends on a balance of work, rest, sensible and regular meals, adequate 

sleep and an avoidance of rich food, alcohol, tobacco and drugs.

2. Infections can easily be spread from one person to another. Preventive measures, as 

well as effective treatment, are essential.

3. All personnel have a duty to themselves and to others to maintain high standards of 

cleanliness and personal hygiene.

4. Cuts and abrasions must be cleansed at once and given first aid treatment.

5. Inoculation and vaccination can guard against many infections. These precautions 

must be kept up-to-date as necessary in order to meet the requirements of any 

international location or circumstances. The Company will provide advice for the 

recommended inoculations and vaccinations required for specific locations. The 

individual is responsible for checking all relevant vaccination/inoculation dates to 

ensure they are valid for all journeys.

Food Hygiene - Risks From Food and Drink

Although it is generally assumed that food and drink consumed in developed countries is 

safe, this is not always true; in many other parts of the world it can be assumed to be a 

legitimate concern.

Contaminated food and drink are common sources for the introduction of infection Among 

the more common infections that travelers can acquire from contaminated food and drink

are E. coli infections, bacillary dysentery, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and hepatitis A. 

Other less common infectious disease risks for travelers include typhoid fever and other 

salmonella, cholera, infections caused by viruses, and a variety of parasites. Many of the 

infectious diseases transmitted in food and water can also be acquired directly through the 

fecal-oral route.

Water

Water that has been adequately chlorinated will afford significant protection against viral 

and bacterial waterborne diseases. However, chlorine treatment alone, as used in the 

routine disinfection of water, might not kill some enteric viruses and parasitic organisms. In 

areas where chlorinated tap water is not available or where hygiene and sanitation are poor, 

only the following may be safe to drink:

 Beverages, such as tea and coffee, made with boiled water.
 

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 Canned or bottled carbonated drinks, including carbonated bottled water and soft drinks.

 Beer and wine.

Where water might be contaminated, ice should also be considered contaminated and 

should not be used in beverages. If ice has been in contact with containers used for drinking, 

the containers need to be thoroughly cleaned, preferably with soap and hot water, after 

the ice has been discarded.

It is safer to drink a beverage directly from the can or bottle than from a questionable 

container. However, water on the outside of beverage cans or bottles might also be 

contaminated. You are therefore advised to dry wet cans or bottles before they are opened, 

and to wipe clean surfaces with which the mouth will have direct contact. Where water 

might be contaminated, you are advised to avoid brushing your teeth with tap water.

Treatment of Water

The following methods are available for treating water to make it safe for drinking and other 

purposes:

Boiling is by far the most reliable method to make water of uncertain purity safe for drinking. 

Water should be brought to a vigorous rolling boil for 1 minute and allowed to cool to room 

temperature; ice should not be added. This procedure will kill bacterial and parasitic causes of 

diarrhea at all altitudes and viruses at low altitudes. To kill viruses at altitudes above 2,000 

meters (6,562 feet), water should be boiled for 3 minutes or chemical disinfection should 

be used after the water has boiled for 1 minute. Adding a pinch of salt to each quart or pouring 

the water several times from one clean container to another will improve the taste!

Chemical disinfection with iodine is an alternative method of water treatment when 

it is not feasible to boil water. However, this method cannot be relied upon to kill 

Cryptosporidium unless the water is allowed to sit for 15 hours before it is drunk. Two welltested methods for disinfection with iodine are the use of tincture of iodine (a 2% solution) 

and the use of tetra glycine hydroperiodide tablets (for example, Globaline®, Potable-Aqua®, 

or Coughlan’s®). These tablets are available from pharmacies and sporting goods stores. 

The manufacturers' instructions should be followed. If water is cloudy, the number of 

tablets used should be doubled; if water is extremely cold (<5° Celsius [<41° Fahrenheit]), 

an attempt should be made to warm the water, and the recommended contact time should be 

increased to achieve reliable disinfection. Cloudy water should be strained through a clean 

cloth into a container to remove any sediment or floating matter, and then the water should 

be boiled or treated with iodine. Chlorine, in various forms, can also be used for chemical 

disinfection. However, its germicidal activity varies greatly with the pH, temperature, and 

organic content of the water to be purified and, therefore, it can produce less consistent 

levels of disinfection in many types of water. Chemically treated water is intended for shortterm use only. If iodine-disinfected water is the only water available, it should be used for 

only a few weeks.
 

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Portable filters currently on the market will provide various degrees of protection 

against microbes. Reverse-osmosis filters provide protection against viruses, bacteria, and 

protozoa, but they are large and expensive, and the small pores on this type of filter are 

rapidly plugged by muddy or cloudy water. In addition, the membranes in some filters can 

be damaged by chlorine in water. Micro strainer filters with pore sizes in the 0.1- to 0.3-

micrometer range can remove bacteria and protozoa from drinking water, but they do not 

remove viruses. To kill viruses, you are advised to disinfect the water with iodine or 

chlorine after filtration, as described previously. Filters with iodine-impregnated resins are 

most effective against bacteria, and the iodine will kill some viruses; however, the contact 

time with the iodine in the filter is too short to kill the protozoa Cryptosporidium and, in cold 

water, Giardia. Proper selections, operation, care, and maintenance of water filters is 

essential to producing safe water. The manufacturers' instructions should be followed.

As a last resort, if no source of safe drinking water is available or can be obtained, tap 

water that is uncomfortably hot to touch might be safer than cold tap water; however, 

proper disinfection, filtering, or boiling is still advised.

Food

To avoid illness, you are advised to select food with care. All raw food is subject to 

contamination. Particularly in areas where hygiene and sanitation are inadequate, you are 

advised to avoid salads, uncooked vegetables, and unpasteurized milk and milk products 

such as cheese, and to eat only food that has been cooked and is still hot, or fruit that has 

been peeled by you. Undercooked and raw meat, fish, and shellfish can carry various 

intestinal pathogens. Cooked food that has been allowed to stand for several hours at 

ambient temperature can provide a fertile medium for bacterial growth and should be 

thoroughly reheated before serving. Consumption of food and beverages obtained from 

street food vendors has been associated with an increased risk of illness. Infants and 

children are particularly liable to be affected by contaminated food.

Some species of fish and shellfish can contain poisonous bio toxins, even when well cooked. 

The most common type of bio toxin in fish is ciguatoxin. The flesh of the barracuda is the 

most toxic laden and should always be avoided. Red snapper, grouper, amberjack, sea 

bass, and a wide range of tropical reef fish contain the toxin at unpredictable times. The 

potential for ciguatera poisoning exists in all subtropical and tropical insular areas of the 

West Indies and the Pacific and Indian Oceans where the above fish species are eaten. 

Symptoms of ciguatera poisoning include gastroenteritis followed by neurologic problems 

such as dysesthesias; temperature reversal; weakness; and, rarely, hypotension. 

Scombroid is another common fish poisoning that occurs worldwide in tropical, as well as 

temperate, regions. Fish of the Scombridae family (for example, Bluefin, yellow fin tuna, 

mackerel, and bonito), as well as some nonscombroid fish (for example, mahi-mahi, herring, 

amberjack, and bluefish) may contain high levels of histidine in their flesh. With improper 

refrigeration or preservation, histidine is converted to histamine, which can cause flushing, 

headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and urticarial.
 

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Summary

To give your self-maximum protection from contaminated food and drink:

1. Boil all drinking water.• Use bottled water - preferably carbonated with gas - in 

sealed containers making sure the seals are intact.

2. Always wash your hands after using the toilet, before handling food and before 

eating.

3. Avoid - or boil – unpasteurized milk.

4. Avoid ice cream from unreliable sources, such as kiosks or itinerant traders.

5. Don’t use ice cubes in drinks.

6. Be extremely careful of shellfish. Fish and shellfish can be suspect in some 

countries.

7. All food should be well cooked, freshly cooked and served very hot.

8. Avoid food likely to have been exposed to flies.

9. Do not eat leftovers or food left on display.

10. All fruit, including tomatoes, should be peeled.

11. Avoid salads which could have been washed in contaminated water.

12. Do not buy food or drink from street traders.

13. Do not clean your teeth in tap water.

Health Risk Assessment (HRA)

It is important that assessments are made of potential factors that could adversely affect the 

health and welfare of the crew. The factors outlined below represent some of the more 

significant factors that should be considered in a Company health risk assessment.

Heat Stress 

Causal Factors

Age, weight, degree of physical fitness, degree of acclimatization, metabolism, use of 

alcohol or drugs and a variety of medical conditions such as hypertension all affect a 

person's sensitivity to heat. However, even the type of clothing worn should be 

considered. Prior heat stress predisposes an individual to additional stress.

It is difficult to predict just who will be affected and when, because individual 

susceptibility varies. In addition, environmental factors include more than the ambient air 
 

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temperature. Radiant heat, air movement, conduction and relative humidity all affect an 

individual's response to heat.

Workers should not be permitted to work when their deep body temperature exceeds 

38°C (100.4°F).

Heat Rashes

Heat rashes are the most common problem in hot work environments. Prickly heat is 

manifested as red papules and usually appears in areas where the clothing is restrictive. As 

sweating increases, these papules give rise to a prickly sensation. Prickly heat

Occurs in skin that is persistently wetted by unevaporated sweat and heat rash papules may 

become infected if they are not treated. In most cases, heat rashes will disappear when the 

affected individual returns to a cool environment.

Heat Cramps

Heat cramps are usually caused by performing hard physical labor in a hot environment. These 

cramps have been attributed to an electrolyte imbalance caused by sweating. It is important to 

understand that cramps can be caused by either too much or too little salt.

Heat Fatigue

The signs and symptoms of heat fatigue include impaired performance of skilled 

sensorimotor, mental, or vigilance jobs. There is no treatment for heat fatigue except to 

remove the heat stress before a more serious heat-related condition develops.

Heat Collapse ("Fainting")

In heat collapse, the brain does not receive enough oxygen because blood pools in the 

extremities. As a result, the exposed individual may lose consciousness. This reaction is 

similar to that of heat exhaustion but does not affect the body's heat balance. However, the 

onset of heat collapse is rapid and unpredictable. To prevent heat collapse, the worker 

should gradually become acclimatized to the hot environment.

Heat Exhaustion

The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion are cool, moist, pale, or flushed skin, 

headache, nausea, vertigo, weakness, thirst and giddiness. Fortunately, this condition 

responds readily to prompt treat.
 

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Heat Stroke

Heat stroke occurs when the body's system of temperature regulation fails and body 

temperature rises to critical levels. This condition is caused by a combination of highly 

variable, factors and its occurrence is difficult to predict. The signals of heat stroke 

include red, hot, dry skin; changes in consciousness; rapid, weak pulse; rapid, shallow 

breathing.

Heat stroke if untreated can result in death. 

Treatment of Heat Stress

When you recognize heat-related illness in its early stages, you can usually reverse it. Get 

the victim out of the heat. Loosen any tight clothing. Apply cool, wet cloths, such as towels or 

sheets.

If the victim is conscious, give cool water to drink as described under Fluid 

Replacement. Refusing water, vomiting and changes in consciousness mean that the 

victim's condition is getting worse. Initiate the crew's Emergency Response Plan (ERP) 

immediately.

If the victim vomits, stop giving fluids and position the victim on the side. Watch for signals 

of breathing problems. Keep the victim lying down and continue to cool the body any way 

you can. If you have ice packs or cold packs, place them on each of the victim's Wrists and 

ankles, on the groin, in each armpit and on the neck to cool the large blood vessels. Do not 

apply rubbing (isopropyl) alcohol.

Controls

Ventilation, air cooling, fans, shielding and insulation are the five major types of 

engineering controls used to reduce heat stress in hot work environments.

The following administrative controls can be used to reduce heat stress:

1) Reduce the physical demands of work, e.g., excessive lifting or digging with heavy 

objects.

2) Use only workers who are acclimatized to the conditions.

3) Provide recovery areas, e.g., a shaded, cooler area. In some areas it may be 

possible to provide air-conditioned enclosures and rooms.

4) Use shifts, e.g., early morning, cool part of the day. 

5) Use intermittent rest periods with water breaks.

6) Use only acclimatized relief workers.
 

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7) Limit the number of workers present, especially in confined or enclosed spaces. 

Fluid Replacement

Cool, 50-60°F (10-16°C), water or any cool liquid (except alcoholic drinks) should be 

made available to workers to encourage them to drink small amounts frequently, e.g., one 

cup every 20 minutes. Ample supplies of fluids should be placed close to the work area. 

Although some commercial replacement drinks contain salt, this is not necessary for 

acclimatized individuals because most people add enough salt to their summer diets.

Commercial "thirst" drinks may satisfy your thirst before your body is properly 

rehydrated.

Safety Equipment 

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Field staff is issued individually with certain personal safety equipment. This equipment is to 

be carried at all times when proceeding on project, is to be kept in good condition, is to be worn 

or used in the manner for which it is intended, and any loss or damage is to be rectified at 

the earliest opportunity. Requests for replacement of defective or lost PPE are to be made 

through your supervisor.

PPE is also to be used when onshore if the nature of the work makes this prudent.

The list of equipment currently provide is given below, and will be revised as necessary 

to comply at least with U.S. requirements or guidelines. Additional equipment is to be 

supplied for special purposes, or to comply with particular contracts or at the discretion of the 

Company. Such additional equipment may be classified as ‘Personal’ or ‘Company’.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

The following is a list of equipment supplied to personnel either permanently or as required 

by a specific project:

Safety Boots

Industrial boots with weather resistant uppers, toe protection from weights, and soles which 

are resistant to slip, oils, chemicals and heat. Boots may be non-laced, there must be no 

exposed nails or screws in the sole, and the steel toe cap must be covered.

Applicable Standards ANSI Z41-1991, “American National Standard for Personal 

Protection-Protective Footwear”

Hard Hat

This must be worn at all times when outside accommodation areas on Vessels, Platforms, 
 

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Rigs and Barges, and for example or when someone is working above another person.

Applicable Standards

ANSI Z89.1-1986, "American National Standard for Personnel Protection-Protective Headwear 

for Industrial Workers-Requirements"

Safety Glasses

Standard provided for use with chemicals or hazardous substances, or during grinding, 

chipping or scraping. On rigs there is often a requirement that they be worn at all times 

when on deck.

Applicable Standards

ANSI Z87.1-1989, "American National Standard Practice for Occupational and 

Educational Eye and Face Protection"

Safety Gloves

Two types: rigger's gloves for handling ropes, and general work gloves

Safety Clothing

Two pairs of flame resistant (not flame proof) coveralls may be issued as appropriate; if in 

warm climates these will be made of lightweight material. There is a corporate style for 

these coveralls.

In cold climates specific clothing may be issued as required.

At no time is loose or poorly fitting clothing to be worn on back decks or other hazardous 

areas where it may become entangled in machinery.

A record of equipment issued to individuals is to be kept by the relevant Operations 

Manager, Safety Coordinator or Supervisor. Field Staff are to sign the record upon issue.

Staff is required to keep their safety clothing and equipment in good order at all times, 

and to seek replacement of any item which is defective or worn. Supervisors, are to carry 

out spot checks of personal safety equipment from time to time. Any deficiencies or the 

presence of ineffective equipment are to be investigated by the Supervisor, and may result 

in disciplinary action being taken against the individuals concerned in cases of negligence.

Non-Personal Equipment

Certain items of equipment are specific to location or to activity, and may include:

1. Harnesses & fall protectors

2. Life-jackets and life vests

3. Ear protectors

4. Survival suits

5. Anti-chemical aprons, special gloves, rubber boots, etc.
 

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Harnesses and life-jackets are included in survey vessels' equipment and their use is 

covered in the vessels' local instructions.

Harnesses are also available in workshops and are to be used by installation engineers 

when working in exposed positions while fitting antennae, etc. to vessels. The Senior 

Workshop Engineer is responsible for maintaining adequate supplies in good order. 

Protective clothing for use when handling lead/acid batteries is also held in workshops 

and is also the responsibility of the Senior Workshop Engineer.

Safety equipment held in workshops is to be inspected at least once per quarter or as 

stated in the local safety instructions. Items not in good order, or missing, are to be 

replaced at once.

Personal Behavior

All employees are required to conduct themselves in a professional manner. 

Irresponsible behavior can kill and will not be tolerated. Fooling around at the workplace 

can be lethal.

Personal Security Guidelines 

1. To minimize your risk of being robbed, mugged or injured, wherever you are 

there are a number of things you can do to help yourself. The extent of the 

precautions you need to take should correspond to the risk – for example, you 

probably need to be more suspicious of taxis in West Africa than you do in 

Houston, but many of the risks exist everywhere to some degree or other:

2. Be aware of the kind of surroundings you are in, the people around you, and the 

likely risks they present

3. Check with the Company agent about areas to avoid

4. Go around in groups of 2 or more. Individuals are prime targets for robbery

5. Dress down and try to be inconspicuous

6. Plan your route; better still, avoid walking and use approved vehicles

7. Always know where you are, where you are going, and how you’re going to get 

there

8. In any enclosed location or risk situation try to visualize how you could get out if 

trouble appeared – this applies to hotel rooms, bars, restaurants, crowded areas, 

traffic jams etc.

9. When traveling slowly in a vehicle especially in urban areas, close the windows 

as much as possible and consider locking the doors if you can 

10. Keep cameras and bags strapped to the body rather than carried loosely; better 

still don’t carry them at all but leave them in your cabin or hotel safe

11. Wear a cheap watch , and don’t wear expensive jewelry in plain view

12. Carry as little money as possible, and spread it about your person. You may need 

to keep a contingency fund of dollars somewhere safe, for instance in your shoe
 

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13. Don’t carry a fat wallet in your back pocket!

14. Act with confidence and a sense of purpose, and stay alert

15. Stay in busier, well-lit areas and avoid quiet areas and public parks

16. Beware of stationary vehicles with engines running and people sitting in them

17. Never resist if threatened – your safety is more important than your possessions

18. If concerned for your safety, be ready to turn back or run; FLIGHT rather than 

FIGHT

19. Ensure that a responsible person knows where you are going and when you expect 

to return

20.Be cautious about newly acquired friends abroad – and don’t give away any 

personal information

21. Avoid any confrontation with foreign police or officials

22. Always try to understand, respect and observe local customs and laws

23. Carry a photocopy of your passport (and visa page) with you

24. Beware of local taxis – try to use agent-supplied vehicles and drivers

25. If you have to take a taxi from the airport, use only those which are clearly official –

kiosk, uniforms, roof sign, licensed cab plate, dispatchers etc.

26. If in doubt, ask to check driver ID before entering taxi

Manual Load Handling 

Most people need to move fairly heavy objects around from time to time. We sometimes 

also have to lift or move a large number of not-so-heavy loads over a short period. In 

both circumstances we need to know the right way to do these tasks, so that we can 

avoid muscle strains and other temporary or permanent damage to the body.

The Dangers

Strains and Sprains

Over-exertion of muscles and joints is likely to injure them

Wounds

Coming into contact with sharp edges or rough and splintered surfaces can cause cuts 

and bruises 

Hernias

These are ruptures of the abdominal wall usually caused by the strain of lifting

Fractures

Dropping a load onto a foot or finger can have obvious consequences! 
 

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How to Prevent Problems

Assess the Risks: What are the risks of injury (to yourself and others)?

 How heavy is it? Does it have sharp edges?

 Is the weight equally distributed? Is the load stable?

Right Clothing Allows for free movement, but not so loose as to get snagged

 Shoes should be flat and enclosed (with toe protection if necessary) 

 Use suitable gloves if handling sharp or rough loads

 Plan the Job what are the hazards on the route?

 Are there places for “rest stops?”

 Is the unloading place clear?

Get Assistance Find a suitable mechanical aid if it would help

 Find an extra person if that would help

Get a Good Grip Practice how you will hold the object

 Hold the load firmly

Rest Frequently Don’t overexert

Store Carefully Keep heavy items that are used frequently at a convenient height

Good Lifting Technique

Stop and Think

Plan the lift. Where is the load to be placed? Use 

appropriate handling aids if possible. Do you need help with the 

load? Remove obstructions such as discarded wrapping 

materials. For a long lift, such as floor to shoulder height, 

consider resting the load mid-way on a table or bench to change 

grip.
 

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Position the Feet

Feet apart, giving a balanced and stable base for lifting 

(tight skirts and unsuitable footwear make this difficult). 

Leading leg as far forward as in comfortable and if 

possible, pointing in the direction you intend to go.

Adopt a Good Posture 

When lifting from a low level, bend the knees. But do not kneel or 

over flex the knees. Keep the back straight, maintaining its natural 

curve (tucking in the chin helps). Lean forward a little over the 

load if necessary to get a good grip. Keep the shoulders level and 

facing in the same direction as the hips.

Get a Firm Grip

Try to keep the arms within the boundary formed by the legs. 

The best position and type of grip depends on the 

circumstances and individual preference; but must be secure. 

A hook grip is less tiring than keeping the fingers straight. If you 

need to vary the grip as the lift proceeds, do it as smoothly as 

possible.
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Keep Close to the Load

Keep the load close to the trunk for as long as 

possible. Keep heaviest side of the load next to the 

trunk. If a close approach to the load is not possible, 

slide it towards you before trying to lift.

Don’t Jerk

Lift smoothly; raising the chin as the lift begins, 

keeping control of the load.

Move the Feet

Doesn’t twist the trunk when turning to the side put it down, then Adjust.

If precise positioning of the load is necessary, put it down first and then slide it into the desired position.

Noise and Hearing Protection 

Noise in the workplace is sound (usually unwanted) caused by plant, machinery and work processes. Most 

workplace noise consists of a complex pattern of wave motions at many frequencies. The range of sound 

audible to young person’s lies between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz, but an audible frequency range of about 100 

Hz to 10,000 kHz is more typical in the adult workforce.

Sound levels are measured using sound level meters that detect and measure the pressure fluctuations in 

the air but because the range of pressures to be measured is so great, a logarithmic scale of measurement, the 

decibel [dB] has been adopted. Noise levels are measured in decibels, referenced to a base level set at the 

threshold of audibility, the quietest sound we can hear. However, the response of the human ear to noise is not 

uniform across all sound frequencies; the ear is less sensitive to very high and very low frequency. This frequency 

response of the ear is simulated electronically within sound level meters, known as the (A)-weighting, and most 

occupational and environmental noise levels are measured or expressed in dB(A).

Sky Net adopts for worldwide use the US standards on exposure to noise. Other countries’ standards are identical 

or very similar.

First Action Level: Daily personal noise exposure of 85 dB

If noise exposure reaches 85 dB employers must inform employees and issue 

personal ear protection (PEP) on the request of the employee.

Second Action Level: Daily personal noise exposure of 90 dB

At this level, employers have a duty to designate and demarcate ear protection 

zones, and to ensure employees wear PPE where necessary.

Peak Action Level: Peak sound pressure of 200 Pascal’s (140dB - 20 micro-Pascal)
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This action level is intended to protect workers exposed to intermittent high impact noise.

It is known that people subjected to prolonged exposure to noise above certain specified levels are likely to 

suffer permanent, irreversible hearing damage and hearing loss as a direct consequence of the noise 

exposure. It is also known that exposure to sudden, very loud noise can cause instantaneous damage to hearing.

Damage to hearing may take two forms:

 Noise Induced Hearing Loss is a reduction in the ability of the person to hear, and typically is most 

pronounced at the frequencies of sound which are used in human speech

 Tinnitus is the presence of 'sounds' heard by the sufferer which are not caused by external noise.

This risk of damage can be minimized by reducing the level of sound to which the ears are exposed and/or 

by restricting the duration of the exposure to the noise.

Other risks

Noise in the workplace can also present other hazards and difficulties:

 It can interfere with or prevent communication between workers, and is often an annoyance, causing 

tiredness and inefficiency.

 It can also mask warning signals and sounds and make them less audible and therefore less effective.

 It may also constitute “statutory nuisance” to others in terms of the Environmental Protection Act.

These other difficulties and problems may occur at noise levels that are very much lower than the 'hearing 

conservation' criterion levels given above.

In offices and warehouses, there may be some noise sources capable of causing damage to people's 

hearing. These are likely to include such items as:

 Mechanical handling systems in warehouses such as conveyors and pallet stacking systems

 Manual handling operations in warehouses

 Vehicles and trucks during warehouse loading operations

 Plant, machines and hand tools used during maintenance and other building works

 Powered equipment used by cleaners within the premises, and in some situations, garden machinery used 

external to the premises

 Certain types of office machinery such as printing or copying equipment

In the marine environment, there are many more locations and activities likely to involve noise hazards, such as:

 Engine rooms and ship’s machinery spaces

 Bow and stern thruster machinery rooms

 Near winches and other handling equipment, particularly hydraulics

 Ventilation and extraction fans
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 Air compressors

Correcting the Problem

There are three stages in correcting problems caused by noise, in order of action:

Reduce/Eliminate Source: This may simply involve fitting a silencer or enclosing the source in 

soundproofing material.

Limit Exposure: Within limits, reducing the length of exposure is beneficial. This may be 

done by rotating shifts or adjusting work practices.

Use Ear Protection: Ear protection equipment is available in two main types, ear Plugs and ear muffs. 

Ear plugs must be placed in the ear canal with clean hands. Ear muffs are placed around the head, covering 

the outer ear, and may be more suitable for use in conditions where hands are likely to be dirty.

OFFSHORE AND ONSHORE SAFETY

It is recognized that the day-to-day management of health and safety requires a high level of planning and 

control in the workplace by all employees to ensure that all work is completed in such a way that the level of 

risk is as low as reasonably possible and that it conforms to Company safety targets. To this end a practical, 

constructive, and pro-active approach to health and safety is to be promoted at all times. UAV Operations are 

conducted both in an offshore marine environment and onshore industrial areas. Therefore, all employees are 

to be continuously aware of their own safety and the safety of their fellow employees. It is an essential 

component of their employment that they assume an active role in their health and safety responsibilities. 

Moreover, the identification of hazards, before they are introduced into or occur in the workplace, is to be 

identified and corrected as soon as possible.

Safety Responsibilities

Vessel Master

The Vessel Master has full authority for the safety of the vessel, personnel, and equipment at all times. All 

personnel on board are subject to his command and are required to carry out any lawful order given to them by 

the Master or his delegate.

UAV Supervisor

The UAV Supervisor is responsible for the following:

 Ensuring that all equipment is installed and operated in accordance with accepted safe work practices,

 Ensuring that all Company employees and subcontractors are fully acquainted with the relevant safety 

regulations and perform their duties in accordance with them.

 Ensuring that the Master of the vessel is advised and made aware of any equipment that the operation of, 

or materials that the transport of, may require special precautions or additional safety regulations.
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Client’s Representative

The Client’s Representative is responsible for supporting the established safe working environment and is 

expected to champion a continuing awareness of the Occupational Health and Safety Policy

Safety Induction

All personnel (Sky Net and subcontractors and other Company Representatives) shall attend a orientation and 

safety induction/briefing upon arrival on the job site.

If any personnel certification for any project personnel is required, this shall be presented to the relevant Sky 

Net personnel onboard.

The safety introduction of new persons onboard will contain (but not be limited to) the following subjects:

 Hot Work Permit

 Use of fire watch

 Safety regulations on the job site.

JSA /JSEA

Sky Net have instituted a JSA (Job Safety Analysis form) and JSEA (Job Safety Environmental Analysis form) 

for all projects. 

A JSA and a JSEA will be conducted prior to the beginning of every flight or job activity the UAV crew is involved 

in and reviewed by any new personnel to the project prior to participation in any repetitive operations.

BBSI / SOR Program

The Sky Net Behavior Base Safety INSPECTION Card program is modeled after the General Industry Safety 

Training Observation Program (STOP) developed through their Safety Auditing and Communication Process 

and is all about people thinking and talking with people about safety. It is based on observing people while they 

work, reinforcing safe work practices and correcting unsafe acts and conditions.

The STOP Work program assists in safety excellence by making safe behavior and workplace conditions part 

of the work culture.

All Stop

Any person directly involved in the operations can order an “ALL STOP”. All operators involved in the activity 

must comply immediately. The reason(s) for the stop will be investigated, and once the problem is resolved 

and all parties agree that the operations can recommence, the Sky Net UAV Supervisor will authorize a 

resumption of the activity. No one other than the Sky Net Deck Foreman/UAV Superintendent is authorized to 

start or re-start any activity.
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Depending on the reason for the “ALL STOP” call, the Sky Net Supervisor may consult with the Sky Net project 

manager and/or the Client Representative prior to resumption of the operations taking place.

Safety Drills

The Job site manager is required to carry out safety drills on a weekly and monthly basis.

Routine drills are normally planned to occur at times that will cause minimum interruption to UAV operations or 

other ongoing operations. All Company personnel will participate in all safety drills. The only exception will be 

that the UAV will remain manned if it is deployed.

It must be emphasized that the proper execution of safety drills it is essential to the correct handling of a real 

emergency. During drills, muster stations must be reached as quickly as possible, and once personnel are at 

their stations, they must remain alert to receive further instructions or orders.

Accident Investigation

An accident is any event which results in human injury or damage to property, or the possibility of such injury or 

damage to property. This definition also takes into account near-miss situations which do not result in injury or 

damage but have the potential to do so.

For the purposes of accident prevention it is important to record and investigate all accidents and near-misses.

The Need for Investigation

The purpose in investigating accidents and near-misses is:

 To identify the immediate and contributing causes of the incident 

 To formulate a strategy in which a recurrence of the same incident will be prevented.

Person Responsible For Investigation

The immediate UAV Supervisor and is in the best position to investigate the accident or near-miss due to their 

familiarity with the people involved the work area, and the methods of work, equipment, and legal –

circumstances involved. The UAV Supervisor is usually on the site and can begin the investigation soon after 

the time of the incident, an important factor in good investigation procedures.

Effective accident investigations can be aided by utilizing the following equipment to assist in documenting the 

incident:

 Standardized report form

 Camera

 Recorded (written) witness statements.
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The Investigation

The immediate aim of an accident investigation is to obtain accurate and complete information about the 

circumstances and causes of the accident.

The incident should be investigated as promptly as possible while the circumstances are fresh in the memory 

of all parties, and before any evidence is removed or destroyed.

The ultimate objective is to prevent the occurrence of similar accidents in the future, 

The questions asked during the investigation should be designed to:

 Obtain information about the date, time, and location of the incident,

 Obtain details about the injured person and witnesses,

 Determine property damage,

 Identify what tools, machinery, and protective equipment were in use, and

 Obtain information which will enable the cause(s) of the incident to be identified.

Witnesses should be interviewed individually and asked to state the conditions present before and up to the 

incident occurring, and to describe the incident itself. Each witness should provide a recorded (written) 

statement.

Report Writing

The Accident Incident Report form should be used to aid the UAV Supervisor in attaining consistency in accident 

reporting. Utilization of a Root Cause Analysis form is required for investigations.

Unless the UAV Supervisor was present prior to and during the incident, the bulk of the information that can be 

obtained will relate to the position of equipment, visible damage, etc.

When questioning witnesses and the injured person, it is important that the UAV Supervisor distinguish between 

what these witnesses saw and did, and what they assumed happened.

If the report identifies unsafe acts, then the recommendations could include:

 Improved training and instruction of employees,

 Improved training and instruction of UAV Supervisors,

 A change in current safety procedures, and/or

 Increased warning signs.

Unsafe conditions can be countered by:

 Increased maintenance,

 Improved housekeeping,

 Improved machinery design,
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 Provision of safety equipment, and

 Use of less hazardous substances.

Safety Meetings

The holding of safety meetings is an essential part of the implementation of the Company’s HSE Policy. 

Notwithstanding the difficulty of assembling all personnel while engaged in 24 hour operations, at least one 

safety meeting shall be held during each crewing cycle. In the event of an accident or a near miss occurring, a 

special safety meeting shall be convened as soon as possible afterwards. This is to examine the causes of the 

incident and to determine if changes in operating procedures are required to minimize the chance of reoccurrence.

The composition of the safety meeting on a small vessel can be flexible. Apart from designated Safety 

Representatives, it is desirable that the maximum number of those involved in the day to day running of 

operations be present. The objects of the meetings are twofold:

 To review existing procedures to detect any weaknesses, and

 To formulate new or modified procedures that will improve safety and efficiency.

The meetings should be conducted as a forum in which all personnel have the opportunity to express, comment, 

or put forward suggestions.

Safety Meetings shall be recorded in the Daily UAV log. Brief minutes are to be prepared by the Safety 

Representative, covering points raised and proposed action, and are to be retained as the permanent record of 

the meeting.

Sleep Deprivation

The Company considers sleep deprivation as a serious safety issue. People who are sleep deprived are not as 

alert and aware of their surroundings as they should be and this may lead to accidents. The Company believes 

that without proper rest, employees are a danger to themselves as well as others, and that equipment may be 

damaged. The Company has therefore, established a guideline that the number of hours worked by an 

employee in any given shift must be balanced with a number of hours of quality rest.

Therefore, all work shall be planned such that each employee will not be required to work more than a 12 hour 

work period, which shall be followed by a minimum 8 hour period of quality rest. If a crew is required to be on 

standby for a number of hours before an operation begins, this time shall be taken into account as part of the 

12-hour work period. In unusual circumstances where extended hours have to be worked, extreme care shall 

be taken and allowances shall be made for the effects of fatigue. Personnel shall not work back-to-back 

extended shifts. If manpower shortages become an issue, the UAV Supervisor shall let the Client and the Project 

Manager know that additional personnel are required to continue operations without causing undo fatigue to 

personnel.
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Personnel Responsibilities 

All personnel, while carrying out their duties, must ensure their own safety, safety of others, and equipment at 

all times.

Responsibilities

This section indicates the general responsibilities for certain key positions, for your information.

UAV Supervisor

The UAV Supervisor is responsible to the Jobsite leader for the safe operation of the UAV equipment and for 

ensuring the safety of those crew members who work under his charge.

Safe working procedures are defined in Company documentation, safety plans and standing orders, and the 

UAV Supervisor should help the Jobsite leader in seeing that all work jobsite is carried out in accordance with the 

Company’s procedures.

He must ensure that all incidents and dangerous occurrences in the Log Sheets as well as on Company report 

forms and that any technical details on official Accident Reports are expressed correctly.

The UAV Supervisor is accountable to the Jobsite leader and to the Company’s President for ensuring that safe 

working practices are adhered to.

The Safety Officer

The Safety Officer 

 Acts as a focal point for all actions, reports and comments on safety matters onboard.

 Ensures that all relevant incidents are discussed at safety meetings.

 Is normally responsible for the production of minutes of safety meetings and their distribution

General vessel Safety Topics

Housekeeping

Good housekeeping is a "must" on offshore operations due to the restricted area and the types of material and 

equipment both used and stored, much of which must be immediately accessible. To reduce additional risk of fire or 

accident, all personnel are required to keep all working areas, store rooms, workshops and accommodation 

Spaces in a clean and tidy condition free from litter and discarded waste materials. These can be both a health and 

a fire hazard and can also cause delays in rapid movement during an emergency.

1. Hazardous materials must be stored in their assigned place.

2. Tools and equipment not in immediate use must be stored in their proper storage area.

3. Passageways must be kept clear at all times.

4. Oil spills must be cleaned up immediately. No washing-down of decks is to be done while loading or 

unloading either equipment or personnel.
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5. No hydrocarbons or flammable fluids are to be used for cleaning, except those designed specifically for 

cleaning and approved by your Supervisor. Oily rags and other substances that present a fire hazard are to 

be disposed of in such a manner as not to violate any pollution regulations.

6. First aid kits are to be fully equipped at all times. Any shortages need to be reported to your Supervisor.

7. Material is to be stacked in an orderly manner to provide personnel safety and to reduce handling 

operations.

8. Equipment stored in racks is to be secured at all times, or loaded in such a way as it cannot fall out in 

bad weather.

9. All gratings and handrails which are removed create a hazard, and personnel must bear this in mind. Such 

items must be replaced as soon as possible or at the end of each shift. Temporary barricades shall be erected 

where possible. If this is not possible, a watchman must be posted to advise others of the hazard.

Clothing & Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Loose clothing is dangerous especially near moving machinery. Rotating shafts smooth or otherwise, are 

particularly dangerous.

1. Wear red or orange coveralls when working. The Company standard is bright red. Should any other color be 

permitted for any reason, there must be a bright color and/or reflective material on the shoulders or upper 

part of the overalls to aid visibility if the wearer should fall overboard.

2. Clothing must be correctly fastened.

3. Clothing and shoes saturated with oil or other chemicals must be removed at once and the affected parts 

of the body must be washed with soap and plenty of water. Prolonged skin contact with oil can contribute 

to cancer.

4. All personnel must wear safety boots or shoes with non-slip soles and heavy-duty (200J) steel toe-caps 

outside of living quarters. If your shoes are slippery through grease or mud, clean them. Many accidents 

are caused by feet slipping.

5. It is recommended that “flip-flops” (also known in some countries as “thongs”) or other open toed sandals 

are not worn even within accommodation spaces, as they have led to injury caused by the sole of the 

sandal catching or slipping on stair treads, leading to damage to toe nails and toes. It is however recognized 

that in other respects this footwear can have health advantages when off duty.

6. Hard hats are to be worn at all times when outside. The Company standard color is white, although some 

operators may require other colors to be used.

7. Riggers gloves are to be used when handling wire ropes and slings, etc. The appropriate hand protection is to 

be worn when handling corrosive materials, hot items and sharp materials.

8. It is strongly recommended that jewelry around ears, necks, fingers and wrists is removed while working 

and that nylon clothing is avoided to reduce the risk of injury through burns.

9. In noisy environments, ear protection is to be used at all times. If you need to shout to be heard, you are 

definitely in a noisy environment (see Section 2.8 for further information on hearing protection) and may 

need protection.

10. Eye protection is to be worn when chipping, scraping, spraying, using hammers or sledges on metal, 

welding, cutting or using grinders or drills, or when handling corrosive liquids. Eye protection with dark 

lenses must be worn in the immediate 
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11. Vicinity of burning, cutting, arc welding, etc. In some places you will be required to wear eye protection 

on deck at all times.

12. When working over, or close to water, work vests and safety harnesses must be worn and a second 

person is to be in attendance.

Hazardous Conditions

It is the responsibility of each individual to report any equipment in a dangerous condition.

If you detect any equipment failure which could have an effect on the safety of personnel or equipment, notify the 

Supervisor of the area or any other responsible person without delay.

Examples of equipment whose failure could affect safety or health are:

Fire Fighting Devices Emergency Standby Items

Life Saving Devices Monitoring Devices

Communications Equipment Food Preservation Equipment

Ventilation Equipment Fuel/Gas Tanks or Pipes

Ladders/Walkways

Confined Spaces

A confined space is any space with limited openings for entry and exit, poor natural ventilation and a lack of 

accommodations for continuous personal occupancy. The limited openings may be small, such as in manholes, 

or few as in tanks and boilers. Spaces, which meet these criteria often, include storage tanks, process vessels, 

sumps, boilers, and others.

The Sky Net supervisor is in charge of determining when a space is a confined space and implementing a 

confined space entry procedure. This procedure provides proper precautions that shall be taken in order to 

ensure safe entry and exit of personnel. Contractor personnel with expertise in confined space entry shall have 

established written vessel entry procedures for all personnel.

The following rules shall apply to all confined space entries by Sky Net personnel.

An approved separate written permit for all confined space entries shall be obtained before any entry is made into 

a confined space. A permit shall also be obtained for any hot work to be done in the confined space. The Sky Net 

supervisor shall sign off on all permits.

All personnel (Sky Net and Contractor) shall be trained in the hazards of confined space entry and emergency 

procedures. A pre-job safety meeting shall be held before all confined space entries to review the specific 

hazards of the job at hand and to ensure all proper precautions have been taken. 

After any liquids, vapor, and solids have been removed as much as possible, thorough gas testing shall be 

performed by a trained gas tester using an instrument that was calibrated within 24 hours and can measure 

oxygen, flammable vapor, and any toxic contaminants that may be present.
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The following environmental conditions/criteria shall be met before confined space entry without respiratory 

protection can be made.

1. All deposits, scale and sludge likely to give off vapors harmful to health have been removed.

2. The work to be done inside the confined space shall not involve the release or generation of flammable 

or toxic gases, vapors, or fumes.

3. The confined space is adequately ventilated and tested to ensure the removal of toxic, asphyxiating and 

flammable material and oxygen content of 21 % similar to air in the outside environment.

The following environmental conditions/criteria shall be met before confined space entry with NIOSH approved 

respiratory protection can be made.

1. Deposits scale or sludge is present which cannot be removed by outside cleaning.

2. Air-supplied/negative pressure respirators or breathing apparatus is worn to give protection against a 

potential risk of inhaling an atmosphere harmful to health after all other practicable precautionary 

measures have been taken to eliminate that risk, e.g., through pre-cleaning.

3. Positive pressure air supplied respirators are always preferred because of the possibility of:

 poor face mask fit 

 sudden high concentrations 

 cartridge/canister saturation

4. Negative pressure/cartridge type respirators should only be used under guaranteed and controlled 

environmental conditions.

5. Appropriate protective clothing shall be worn to protect entrants from specified skin hazards.

6. Sufficient general ventilation shall be maintained to reduce the concentration of contaminants to a 

minimum.

7. Constant monitoring of the confined space is required to ensure harmful contaminants remain within the 

following acceptable limits:

 Oxygen= As near 21% but not < 19.5%

 LFULEL= As low as practicable but not

 10 % LFULEL

 Toxic contaminants = as low as practicable but not > 10% of any IDLH concentration.

8. Gas testing shall be repeated every 12 hours or if the work is interrupted for more than one hour.

9. NIOSH approved respiratory equipment, along with having a forced air system continuously pumping into 

a vessel, shall be worn in the confined spaces that last contained gases, light oils, corrosives or 

poisonous substances.

10. Before work is performed in a confined space, provisions should be made for ready entrance or exit. 

Tanks, vessels or other confined spaces having an opening or manholes in the side, as well as on the 

top, should be entered from the side opening or manholes when practical.

11. An approved safety belt with a lifeline attached, or all personnel entering tanks, vessels and/or confined 

space that test “gas free” but are in danger of being contaminated shall use other approved device. At 

least one person shall stand by on the outside ready to give assistance in case of an emergency. The 

stand-by person shall be attired in the same type of protective equipment as the person they are 
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observing. If entry is through the top opening or side opening near the top, the safety belt should be of a 

harness type that suspends a person in an upright position. The safety line should be secured outside 

the entry opening. The stand-by person shall be capable of rescuing the person entering the space.

12. When conditions in a confined space are such as to require a person within the space to wear respiratory 

equipment, there shall be at least two persons on the job equipped with the approved respiratory 

equipment. If one person so equipped is outside, they should be within sight and call of the person 

inside.

13. No source of ignition shall be introduced into a confined space where flammable gases or vapors are 

present. Portable lights used inside of vessels shall be specially designed and maintained so as to 

eliminate ignition or shock hazards.

14. When work is being performed in two or more tanks or vessels that are blinded off as a unit, the 

atmosphere in each tank or vessel shall be tested.

The highest concentration of gases or vapors shall govern the procedures to be followed for all work inside each tank 

or vessel.

Fire Prevention

Fire is an ever present risk, and its consequences on a ship are likely to be far more difficult to handle than on 

land. As prevention is better than cure, be aware that most fires could be prevented by attention to the following:

 Proper storage of inflammable materials.

 Strict observance of non-smoking areas.

 Good housekeeping, especially in disposal of cigarette ends, matches, oily rags, etc.

 The correct use of electrical equipment.

 Extreme care when welding or burning Likely sources of ignition are:

 Direct heat (e.g. cigarettes, welding).

 Mechanical sparks (e.g. metal tools).

 Electrical equipment.

 Static electricity.

 Chemical reactions

Job site Emergency Procedures and Drills

Emergency Procedures 

Prime responsibility for safety on the job site lies with the Jobsite leader or in his absence his job site supervisor. 

In an emergency his instructions must be obeyed at all times.

Personnel have to co-operate actively in emergency exercises so as to be prepared for a real emergency.

Whatever the type of job site, emergency procedures will have been prepared covering possible emergency 

incidents, and responsibilities will have been allocated in the event of each one occurring.
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An Emergency Party acts as the first line response team to an emergency and the on-site direction of the Emergency 

Party is usually undertaken by the Chief Officer (ship) or Operations and Maintenance Supervisor (rig or platform).

The Emergency Party's duties include evaluating the emergency and the necessary response required. This 

does not rule out immediate action by the man at the scene of the emergency.

In addition there are fire parties to assist where they are needed.

Rigs may be fitted with status lights which, according to their color, indicate the operating condition prevailing on 

the installation. Rigs may also have a general vessel alarm which operates in conjunction with white strobe lights in 

noisy areas.

Normally the general vessel alarm can be initiated by breaking an alarm glass or operating a switch. In addition 

to sounding the alarm, setting off the alarm may automatically shut down vessel processes or other equipment.

Break the alarm glass or switch only in case of discovering:

 Fire

 Major fuel or oil leak

 Severe flooding or damage 

Drills 

The Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) regulations requires ships to conduct drills of various emergencies at 

prescribed intervals. In addition, the Company requires fire drills to be held at least weekly on the ships we own 

and charter, and after every major crew change. When you hear the alarm signal, go immediately to your 

emergency station; wherever possible take your lifejacket and dress warmly. Once there, put on your life-jacket 

and await orders from the Jobsite leader or the ship's Officers.

Emergency station muster positions are on detailed notices posted on the ship. These notices are known as Station 

Bills. Make sure you are fully conversant with them and remember your cabin number.

On board each ship, at least one Fire and Safety Plan will always be posted. This plan indicates the location and 

quantity of all life-saving and fire-fighting equipment on board. Everyone on board needs to make themselves

familiar with this safety plan – on a large ship special attention needs to be paid to facilities near to your places 

of work and rest, and to other places you regularly visit.

Other notices and signs will be found in public areas and in cabins. Particular attention is to be paid to:

 What emergency signals and alerts sound like

 Where your assigned Muster Station is

 Man overboard procedures

 Location of lifeboats, life-rafts, life-jackets and exits, and exit procedures

 Location of fire-fighting equipment

 Abandon ship procedures

Drills will include training in all aspects of safety onboard. For example:
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 Abandon Ship Procedures

 Life-raft Drill

 Man Overboard Drill

 Fire Fighting Equipment and Techniques

Survey crew may also be required to assist. So take an interest as the lives of your shipmates could be at stake 

as well as your own.

Emergency Instructions 

The instructions given below are typical only. Each rig, platform and vessel will have its own procedures which will 

be made known to all joining personnel, and which will be posted in various public areas onboard.

Abandon Ship

Personnel must not leave the vessel unless the “abandon ship” instruction is given. This instruction will be given 

only by the O.I.M. (on a rig or platform) or Jobsite leader (on a ship) and will be announced on the PA system or 

relayed through the muster points.

Personnel will be instructed to leave the vessel by lifeboats or life rafts. Lifeboats are to be controlled only by the 

assigned coxswains. Follow the instructions given to you at your vessel induction.

Make sure that you know where your station is. When signaled to go to your lifeboat or life-raft station:

1. Proceed briskly to the Station, do not run. If you are in your cabin, collect the survival suit/lifejacket which 

is in your cabin and proceed to the muster point. If not in your cabin, proceed to your muster point and put 

on a survival suit/life-jacket which will probably be stowed in a box or locker adjacent to the muster station. 

Be sure you know in advance how to put your lifejacket/survival suit on and how to use it properly. It may be 

dark.

Does not use lift (where fitted) in any alarm state.

Keep silent unless you have something to contribute to the muster.

2. Do not smoke.

Note: Smoking is normally forbidden during any alarm state.

3. Check in with the person in charge of the muster, or wait for your name to be called.

4. Remain quietly at the muster point having checked in.

5. On no account argue with the person in charge of the muster.

At the lifeboat/life-raft station you may be instructed to embark in the boat or raft. If so instructed, embark in 

an orderly manner, filling the furthest seats first.

Then, strap yourself in if straps are provided; serious injury has occurred to persons who fail to strap in. Obey all 

instructions given by your lifeboat coxswain or crew member in charge of your life raft.
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If the occasion is a drill, disembark from the boat on the instruction of the lifeboat coxswain. Remain in the area 

until instructed to disperse by the lifeboat coxswain. Remove and re-stow the life-jacket/survival suit in the box 

provided (unless it is the one from your cabin, in which case it must be taken back to your cabin).

Fire

Procedures for firefighting will be published onboard each vessel. If you are the first person to discover a fire it is 

important to remember that your actions could improve the chances of successful firefighting action.

If you discover a fire:

1. Break the nearest fire alarm glass to raise the alarm, or contact the bridge.

2. Look for and secure your escape route.

3. Assist any injured people.

4. Try to put out the fire if it is minor, and you know what to do. If in any doubt, don’t try.

5. Act as instructed by the Emergency Party.

Gas Escape/Oil Leak

If you know or suspect that gas is escaping or oil is leaking, report the details immediately to the Central Control 

Room on a rig, or to the bridge on a vessel.

Oil leakage will give off sulfur dioxide gas which, in certain concentrations, is toxic and dangerous.

Hydrocarbon gases (and other gases) may accumulate and remain in enclosed spaces. When the presence of gas 

is suspected, entry to the area is restricted to trained personnel, under supervision, wearing compressed air breathing 

apparatus.

Upon suspecting that gas is leaking or is present you should:

1. Leave the area as quickly as possible.

2. Break the nearest alarm glass to initiate the General Vessel Alarm.

3. Warn other personnel in the area.

4. Switch off portable tools, etc.; do nothing which could create a spark or source of ignition.

5. Inform the Central Control Room or bridge by the nearest telephone or quickest means. PUAV ide all 

known details of the gas leak.
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Man Overboard

On seeing a man in the water or falling overboard:

1. Throw lifebuoys or single man life-raft, or any other large floatable object as near as possible to him.

2. Keep the person in sight, and point your arm at him.

3. Shout "Man Overboard" loudly and regularly; attract attention by any available means, and make sure the 

bridge watch keeper is informed.

4. If fitted on the vessel, get someone immediately to activate the man overboard alarm (MOB Alarm) which on 

survey ships stops in-water sound sources and all high voltage equipment, causes the position, speed and 

heading of the vessel to be recorded in the instrument room, and sounds a distinctive alarm.

5. Stay at the scene until relieved, and keep pointing.

If you hear a shout "Man Overboard" from the initial observer, dial into the P.A. system and remain at the phone 

to act as a communication link.

REMEMBER: SPEED IS ESSENTIAL.

Note that it is very difficult to spot a man in the water except in full daylight with flat calm conditions. The more 

look-outs that can be posted, the better.

6. The bridge staff will:

 Maneuver ship as required

 Sound "Man Overboard" sound signal (three blasts on the whistle)

 Release a smoke float

 Inform the survey room to take a manual fix and stop any in-water equipment

 Alert ship's crew

 Turn vessel into weather to avoid fouling the propeller with cables

 Launch the rescue boat

7. On hearing "Man Overboard" signal, survey room personnel are to:

 Take a position fix (even if automatic fix should have been taken)

 Shut down all in-water equipment

 Post lookouts

 Assist with recovery of man in water

Survey crew will be required to be trained in this procedure.
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Transportation General 

The transportation of men and materials is a necessary phase of offshore operations. Extreme care must be 

exercised at all times so that transfers over water may be made safely.

This work must be conducted with diligence because of the inherent problems in transporting people and materials 

across any stretch of water and transferring them to a structure or vessel, often in rough seas or inclement weather.

Regardless of the method of transfer, every person must wear an approved life-vest, and in cold climates a survival 

suit, during the transfer. All boats carrying personnel must have sufficient life jackets for all people on board, and they 

are to be worn in all circumstances; this is the responsibility of the coxswain and Party Chief to enforce.

All persons assisting in material transfer operations, who may in any way be exposed to the possibility of falling 

overboard, must wear life vests, and in cold climates survival suits, at all times.

Lead/acid batteries are not to be transported by air unless drained, flushed and properly declared to the carrier.

The transportation from and onto an offshore vessel may be by:

 Transfer from/to boat

 Transfer by helicopter

 Gangway in port

Be fit to travel, including ensuring that you are not, and do not appear to be, under the influence of alcohol or 

drugs. If you are, you will be refused transportation and disciplined, including the likelihood of dismissal.

Rules for Transfer by Boat 

1. Be on time for scheduled boat departures and sufficiently early to receive any special directions, 

passport checks, etc. Obey instructions of the vessel crew.

2. Personnel must not be left on vessels, well-head structures or mobile drilling rigs without 

transportation being in the immediate area.

3. Where satisfactory hoisting equipment is available, personnel baskets are sometimes provided to 

transfer people from boats to platforms. Personnel riding on personnel baskets must stand on the 

outer rim of the net facing inwards, wearing the lifejacket provided. The use of these baskets will be 

confined to the transfer of personnel only. No cargo is to be transferred in personnel baskets. A 

maximum of four men will be transferred per trip in a personnel basket. An anti-spin device must be 

fitted.

4. Boat-landings and personnel baskets must be maintained in first-class condition with regard to 

necessary repairs and cleanliness.

5. All boat landings on manned vessels will be equipped with life-ring buoys approved by local 

regulations.

6. Signs will be located at the top of stairways and on heliports informing visitors to check in with the 

office on manned vessels so that an accurate roster of personnel on vessels can be maintained.

7. Personnel transferring between boats and tenders or structures must wear an approved life 

preserver or work-vest.
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Rules for Transfer by Helicopter: 

The following rules for boarding, flying and disembarking are given for general guidance. More detailed local 

instruction will be given immediately before the flight.

1. Be on time to board the helicopter as scheduled and sufficiently early for weighing if required and to receive 

special directions, passport checks, etc. Obey instructions of the pilot or loading supervisor.

2. Each passenger must furnish the pilot with a correct estimate of his own weight and the weight of his 

luggage and/or materials to be transported.

3. The helicopter pilot has the sole responsibility for determining that the helicopter will not be overloaded.

4. Exercise care in carrying heavy and/or bulky materials around the helicopter. These must be securely 

fastened when carried in the cabin.

5. Do not approach the aircraft until you receive the signal from the pilot or ground crew. Leave or approach 

as directed.

6. Inflate your life-jacket only when instructed to do so by the aircrew, (never in the aircraft). Adjust the 

fastening straps to fit you snugly.

7. Take the seat assigned to you by the pilot or loader; he will seat you to give proper weight distribution for 

correct balance of the aircraft. Fasten your seat-belt tightly. Do not loosen your seat-belt during the flight 

or attempt to change seats.

8. Do not loosen your seat-belt until the aircraft has landed and you receive a signal from the pilot or 

loader.

9. When disembarking, fold your life-vest neatly and place on the seat or as otherwise directed.

In the Event of an Emergency Landing:

1. Remain in your seat with your seat-belt fastened tightly. If the passenger seat-belts are removed, the 

motion of maneuvering for a landing may throw all passengers to one part of the cabin and cause the pilot 

to lose control.

2. The pilot will furnish any necessary evacuation instructions if it becomes necessary to abandon the 

aircraft over the water.

Waste & Pollution

Every person has a responsibility to dispose of waste correctly and to help prevent pollution. As a general rule, waste 

and rubbish must never be thrown into the sea. There are Company instructions which state how various types 

of waste are to be disposed of, and these are based on international agreements where they exist, such as 

MARPOL, or on the requirements of ISO14001, the international standard relating to environmental 

management..

Every effort must be made to avoid spillages of fuels, oils and other pollutants to the sea. Any escaping pollution 

must be reported to the Offshore Installation Manager (rigs & platforms) or Jobsite leader or Party Chief (ships) 

who will inform the appropriate authorities as required. This requirement extends to all vessels which the Company 

may own or charter, even in support roles such as chase boats.
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All vessels have facilities to segregate different waste materials before disposal. This is both so that hygiene may 

be preserved, and wastes may be disposed of in environmentally sound ways. In galleys and mess rooms there will 

be separate receptacles for food waste and other waste. Separate bins may be provided for glass, plastics and 

soft drinks cans. Instructions will have been issued for the storage of more hazardous waste materials such as 

batteries, metals, lubricating oils, and rags contaminated with cleaning materials, together with procedures for their 

eventual disposal.

Hazardous Material Spills

If such a spill is caused or observed, it should be immediately reported to the Master or Chief Engineer, in 

accordance with the vessel specific procedures.

Vessels will have documented procedures to mitigate any possible spills on board the vessel. In the event that 

a spill should occur, proper clean-up and containment materials will be available to prevent it from escaping to 

the sea.

Any over the side spills will be reported by the Master in accordance with company, vessel, international, or 

local regulatory requirements.