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Census of Transportation,

Communications, and Utilities

TC92-CF-47

1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Virginia

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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This report was prepared in the Services Division under the direction of James M. Aanestad,

Assistant Chief for Current Services and Transportation Programs, assisted by Robert E.

Crowther and Michael Hartz. Planning, implementation, and compiling of this report were under

the supervision of John L. Fowler, Chief, Commodity Flow Survey Branch, assisted by Wanda

Dougherty, Marilyn Quiles-Amaya, Debra Corbett, Bruce Dembroski, Maria Dixon, Shirley

Gray, Imelda Hall, Chris Harrod, Michael Jones, Bonnie Opalko, Joyce Price, Robin Roberts,

Barbara Selinske, Eli Serrano, and Joyce Ware.

The processing system and computer programs were developed under the general direction of

Don Dalzell, former Assistant Chief for Processing Systems, and Billy E. Stark, Assistant Chief,

Tabulation and Publication Systems, and current Assistant Chief, Processing Systems in the

Decennial Management Division. Implementation of these programs was under the direction of

Jonathan G. Ankers, Chief, Processing Support and Analyst Systems Branch, assisted by

Peter J. Long, Sandra Brunner, Charles Eargle, Karen Mitchell, Willie Robertson, Judy

Dawson, Nancy Rogers, and Donna Williams. Implementation of the tabulation and publication

programming was under the direction of Robert Hemmig, Chief, Publication Systems Branch,

Peggy Payne, Chief, Publications Support Branch, assisted by Sharon Fortuna, and Vicki Kee,

Chief, Tally Preparation Systems and Special Computer Projects Branch, assisted by Dianne

Simmons and Nancy Osbourn.

Sample design and statistical methodology were developed under the general direction of

Brian V. Greenberg and Ruth Ann Killion, former Assistant Chiefs, and Howard Hogan, current

Assistant Chief, Research and Methodology. Sample design including estimation and variance

methodology was under the supervision of Ruth E. Detlefsen, former Chief, and Patrick

Cantwell, current Chief, Program Research and Development Branch, assisted by Bob Smith,

Jock Black, B. Timothy Evans, Timothy Braam, William Knowlton, Colleen Sullivan, Cristina

Ibanez, and Kimberly Dane. Frame construction, sample control, imputation, and quality control

procedures were developed under the supervision of Carl A. Konschnik, Chief, Statistical

Methods Branch, assisted by Carol King and James Burton.

Coordination of data collection efforts was under the direction of the late John E. Halterman,

former Chief, and Judith N. Petty, current Chief, Data Preparation Division, assisted by Matthew

Aulbach, Kenneth Miller, Teresa Branstetter, and Services Division’s onsite analyst, Carlene

Bottorff.

The staff of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement

for publication and report forms. Margaret A. Smith provided publication coordination and editing.

We also acknowledge the support and assistance of the following Department of Transportation

(DOT) representatives in planning and designing the survey: Rolf Schmitt, George Wiggers,

Jane Bachner, Joel Palley, Mike Rossetti, and Alan Pisarski (transportation consultant to DOT).

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Center for Transportation Analysis, under the direction of

Michael Bronzini in support of a contract with DOT, provided all mileage data for this report, using

its transportation network modeling system.

Special acknowledgment is also due to the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed to the publication of these data.

Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to the Commodity Flow Survey

Branch, Services Division, Washington, DC 20233, telephone 301-457-2788 or 301-457-2114.

Acknowledgments
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1992 CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION,

COMMUNICATIONS, AND UTILITIES

Publications of the 1992 Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities containing data on: transportation, communications, and utilities establishments; characteristics of trucks;

and characteristics of commodity shipments are described below.

The first results were issued in press releases. Final detailed

statistics are issued in separate paperbound reports and compact

disc-read only memory (CD-ROM).

Copies of the reports are available from the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Post Office Box

371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. Order forms for the specific

reports or CD-ROM’s may be obtained from any Department of

Commerce district office, any Bureau of the Census State data

center or business/ industry data center, or from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-1900 or call

301-457-4100.

Final Reports

Truck Inventory and Use Survey—52 reports

(TC92-T-1 to -52)

This series includes a United States Summary and a separate

report for each State and the District of Columbia. Data cover the

physical and operational characteristics of the Nation’s private

and commercial truck resources, such as the number of vehicles,

major use, annual miles, model year, body type, vehicle size, fuel

type, operator classification, engine size, range of operation,

weeks operated, products carried, and hazardous materials

carried. The reports show comparative statistics reflecting percent changes in number of vehicles between 1987 and 1992 for

all characteristics.

1993 Commodity Flow Survey—141 reports

(TC92-CF-1 to -52(P) and TC92-CF-N1 to -89)

This series includes a preliminary United States Summary, a

set of National Transportation Analysis Region (NTAR) reports, a

set of State reports (including the District of Columbia), and a

final, more detailed United States Summary. Data cover the

characteristics of commodity shipments initiated by establishments engaged in manufacturing, mining, wholesale, and selected

retail, service, and auxiliary activities. The data include tons,

ton-miles, average miles and value of shipments, by commodity

and transportation mode. The NTAR and State reports include

data on NTAR-to-NTAR and State-to-State commodity shipments, respectively. The final United States Summary includes

more detailed commodity descriptions, data on containerized and

hazardous materials shipments, and supplemental data on availability and use of transportation equipment and facilities.

Geographic area series—1 report

(UC92-A-1)

The geographic area Summary report presents data for the

United States and States for establishments with payroll for

detailed kind-of-business classifications. Statistics on number of

establishments and revenue are also shown for States and

selected metropolitan areas (MA’s) by kind of business.

For each State, the District of Columbia, and the United

States, 1992 data are provided on revenue and employees per

establishment and on revenue and payroll per employee. Comparative statistics showing percent changes in revenue and

payroll between 1987 and 1992 also are shown for some

kind-of-business classifications.

Nonemployer statistics series—1 report

(UC92-N-1)

The Nonemployer Statistics report includes data by kind of

business for all establishments, establishments with payroll, and

establishments without payroll for the United States and States.

Subject series—2 reports

(UC92-S-1 to -2)

The Establishment and Firm Size report (UC92-S-1) presents

data for establishments with payroll, based on size of establishment, size of company or firm, and legal form of organization.

Establishment statistics are presented by revenue size and by

employment size; statistics for firms, by revenue size (including

concentration by largest firms), by employment size, and by

number of establishments operated (single units and multiunits).

These data are presented for the United States.

The Miscellaneous Subjects report (UC92-S-2) presents data

for the United States as a whole and, where feasible, for States

and MA’s for establishments with payroll. Data are provided for

some kinds of business on major sources of revenue; purchased

transportation; cost of purchased travel; revenue by class of

customer; and other miscellaneous subjects.

Electronic Media

All data included in future printed reports will be available on

CD-ROM. For the Commodity Flow Survey data, the CD-ROM

may provide greater detail than the printed reports with respect to

shipment distance, weight ranges, and origin to destination data

for the geographic reports. Electronic media products are available for users who wish to summarize, rearrange, or process

large amounts of data. In addition to CD-ROM’s containing data

from printed reports, there is a separate CD-ROM for the Truck

Inventory and Use Survey which contains microdata information

for each truck in the sample. The term microdata refers to the

unaggregated records for the individual responses. The records

are modified to avoid the possibility of identifying individual

households or establishments. These products, with corresponding technical documentation, are sold by Customer Services,

Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-1900.

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUS REPORTS

Data on retail trade, wholesale trade, service industries,

financial, insurance, real estate, construction industries, manufactures, mineral industries, enterprise statistics, minority-owned

business enterprises, and women-owned businesses also are

available from the 1992 Economic Census. A separate series of

reports covers the census of outlying areas—Puerto Rico, Virgin

Islands of the United States, Guam, and the Northern Marianas.

Separate announcements describing these reports are available

free of charge from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-1900.

Publication Program
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Census of Transportation,

Communications, and Utilities

TC92-CF-47

1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Virginia

Issued June 1996

U.S. Department of Commerce

Michael Kantor, Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

U.S. Department of Transportation

Federico Peña, Secretary

Mortimer L. Downey, Deputy Secretary

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS

T. R. Lakshmanan, Director

Rolf R. Schmitt, Associate Director for

Analysis and Data Development
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SERVICES DIVISION

Carole A. Ambler, Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Bryant Benton, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau (this report excluded). Order forms for all types of

products are available on request from Customer Services,

Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300. A

more complete description of publications being issued

from this census is on the inside back cover of this

document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, financial, insurance, and real

estate, as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all

economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY INTRODUCTION III
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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

IV INTRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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1993 Commodity Flow Survey

GENERAL

The 1993 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) provides data

on the movement of goods by mode of transportation.

These are the first data of this type published by the

Census Bureau since the 1977 Commodity Transportation

Survey (see appendix A for a comparison to previous

surveys). The data from the CFS are in great demand by

transportation analysts and decision makers as they work

towards improving the transportation infrastructure.

This report presents data at the State level. There are

reports for each of the 50 States and the District of

Columbia. The next series of reports to be released will be

at the National Transportation Analysis Region (NTAR).

There are 89 NTAR’s representing one or more Bureau of

Economic Analysis economic areas. A final United States

Summary report, reflecting all revisions based on the

geographic level analyses, will follow these reports.

COVERAGE

This sample survey produced measures of the movement of goods by major type of commodity shipped and

mode(s) of transportation used.

The 1993 CFS covered establishments in mining, manufacturing and wholesale trade, and selected retail and

service industries. The survey also covered selected auxiliary establishments (e.g., warehouses) of in-scope multiunit and retail companies. The survey coverage excluded

establishments classified as farms, forestry, fisheries, oil

and gas extraction, governments, construction, transportation, households, foreign establishments, and most establishments in retail and services.

The industries covered, as defined in the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC), are listed in

the following table:

SIC code Title

10, ex. 108 Metal mining (excluding metal mining

services)

12, ex. 124 Coal mining (excluding coal mining

services)

14, ex. 148 Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic

minerals, except fuels (excluding

nonmetallic minerals services)

20 Food and kindred products

21 Tobacco products

22 Textile mill products

23 Apparel and other finished products

made from fabrics and similar

materials

24 Lumber and wood products, except

furniture

25 Furniture and fixtures

26 Paper and allied products

27, ex. 279 Printing, publishing, and allied industries

(excluding service industries for the

printing trade)

28 Chemicals and allied products

29 Petroleum refining and related industries

30 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics

products

31 Leather and leather products

32 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products

33 Primary metal industries

34 Fabricated metal products, except

machinery and transportation equipment

35 Industrial and commercial machinery and

computer equipment

36 Electronic and other electrical equipment

and components, except computer

equipment

37 Transportation equipment

38 Measuring, analyzing, and controlling

instruments; photographic, medical and

optical goods; watches and clocks

39 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries

50 Wholesale trade—durable goods

51 Wholesale trade—nondurable goods

596 Catalog and mail-order houses

782 Motion picture and video tape distribution

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY V
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The source of the frame used for sampling in 1992 was

the Standard Statistical Establishment List (SSEL) of separate business locations with paid employees, maintained

by the Census Bureau. Establishments in these trade

areas that had non-zero payroll in at least one quarter of

1991 were included in the sampling frame of approximately

800,000 establishments.

MILEAGE CALCULATIONS

The Center for Transportation Analysis (CTA) at Oak

Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) developed an integrated transportation network modeling system to compute shipment mileages for the 1993 CFS. To enable

ORNL to compute mileages, the Census Bureau provided

files containing ZIP Code origin and destination pairs for all

reported shipments. To maintain confidentiality of reported

data, no information other than ZIP Codes was provided. A

ZIP Code pair was provided only once, regardless of the

number of shipments that moved between ZIP Codes. To

further protect confidentiality, the Census Bureau also

included dummy pairs of ZIP Code origin and destination in

the file sent to ORNL. The ORNL system used these

five-digit ZIP Codes of the shipment’s origin and destination, as input, and assumed the actual origin and destination points to be geographically located at the ZIP Code

centroids. The system computed mileages, by mode, for all

single modes and selected mode combinations for those

ZIP Code pairs we sent to ORNL. The mileages between

the origin-destination ZIP Code centroids were computed

by finding the minimum impedance path over mathematical

representations of the highway, rail, waterway, air, and

pipeline networks and summing the lengths of individual

links on these paths. Impedance is computed as a weighted

combination of distance, time, and cost factors.

The ORNL mileage network is composed of individual

modal-specific networks representing each of the major

transportation modes — highway, rail, waterway, air, and

pipeline. The links on these specific modal networks are

the representation of line-haul transportation facilities. The

nodes represent intersections and interchanges, and the

access points to the transportation network. For each

five-digit ZIP Code, dummy links are created from the ZIP

Code centroid to the nodes on the network to simulate

local access to the network with the objective being to

locate the nodes on the network that are the closest to the

given centroid. For the truck network, local access is

assumed to exist everywhere; however, for the other

modes this is not true. Before any dummy links are created

for these modes, a decision is made about whether the

mode is accessible from the ZIP Code region. For shipments involving more than one mode, such as truck-rail or

rail-water, links connecting the individual modal networks

are created to represent the transfer of freight between

modes. A measure of link impedance is calculated for each

link in each modal network based on various link characteristics for the specific mode. For example, the set of link

characteristics for the highway network included divided or

undivided roadway, degree of access control, rural or

urban setting, type of pavement, number of lanes, degree

of urban congestion, and length of the link. Link impedance

measures are also assigned to the local access links. A

minimum path algorithm is used to find the minimum

impedance path between the origin ZIP Code centroid and

the destination ZIP Code centroid. The cumulative length

of the links on this path is the shipment distance.

DISCLOSURE RULES

In accordance with Federal law governing census reports,

no data are published that would disclose the operations of

an individual firm or establishment.

ABOUT THE DATA

This section summarizes key points about the data that

will aid the user in analyzing and interpreting the tables

contained in this report.

Coverage Considerations

The CFS captured data on shipments originating from

selected types of business establishments located in the

50 States and the District of Columbia. The data do not

cover shipments originating from business establishments

located in Puerto Rico and other U.S. possessions and

territories. Shipments traversing the U.S. from a foreign

location to another foreign location (e.g., from Canada to

Mexico) are not included, nor are shipments from a foreign

location to a U.S. location. Imported products were included

in the CFS at the point that they left the importer’s

domestic location for shipment to another location. Shipments that were shipped through a foreign territory with

both the origin and destination in the U.S. were included in

the CFS data. The mileages calculated for these shipments exclude the international segments (e.g., shipments

from New York to Michigan through Canada do not include

any mileages for Canada). Export shipments were included,

with the domestic destination defined as the port of exit

from the U.S.

The ‘‘Coverage’’ section of this report lists the SIC

groups covered by the CFS. Other industry areas that were

not covered, but may have significant shipping activity,

include agriculture, government, and retail (other than

warehouses and SIC 5961, Catalog and Mail-Order Houses).

For agriculture specifically, this means that the CFS did not

cover shipments of agricultural products from the farm site

to the processing centers or terminal elevators (most likely

short-distance local movements), but did cover the shipments of these products from the initial processing centers

or terminal elevators onward.

VI 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Within mining, the CFS did not cover shipments from

establishments in SIC 13, Oil and Gas Extraction. The

majority of these establishments had undeliverable mailing

addresses, and due to the mailout/ mailback approach for

CFS, could not be included. Therefore, the CFS data do

not represent complete, or even primary, coverage of

crude petroleum, or natural gas shipments. The CFS

data most affected by this, other than data for these

specific commodities, are data for the pipeline and water

modes, given that a significant percentage of the total

tonnage moving by these modes are from crude petroleum

and/ or natural gas.

Mileage Data for Pipeline Shipments

In the tables, we do not show ton-miles or average miles

per shipment for pipeline shipments. For most of these

shipments, the respondents reported the shipment destination as a pipeline facility on the main pipeline network.

Therefore, for the majority of these shipments, the resulting mileage represented only the access distance through

feeder pipelines to the main pipeline network, and not the

actual distance through the main pipeline network. Pipeline shipments are included in the totals for ton-miles

and average miles per shipment.

Average Miles Per Shipment

For our calculation of average miles per shipment

(tables 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6) we excluded shipments of STCC

27, Printed Matter.

When transporting newspapers, magazines, catalogs,

etc., there is great variation in the meaning of ‘‘shipment’’.

A truckload of magazines traveling to a distribution point

may be viewed as one shipment or, as each magazine will

eventually be delivered to individual subscribers, thousands of shipments. To avoid overstating the impact of

short distance shipments of products in STCC 27, we

excluded shipments of STCC 27 from our calculation of

average miles.

All other variables in the tables (value, tons, and tonmiles) include shipments of STCC 27.

EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Commodity. Item that an establishment produces, sells,

or distributes. This does not include items that are considered as excess or byproducts of the establishment’s

operation. Respondents reported the description and the

five-digit STCC code for the major commodity contained in

the shipment, defined as the commodity with the greatest

weight in the total shipment.

Distance shipped. In table 3, shipment data are presented for various ‘‘distance shipped’’ intervals. Shipments were categorized into these ‘‘distance shipped’’

intervals based on the great circle distance between their

origin and destination ZIP Code centroids. All other distancerelated data in the tables (i.e., ton-miles and average miles

per shipment) are based on the mileage calculations

produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratories (see the

‘‘Mileage Calculations’’ section for more details).

Great circle distance. The shortest distance between

two points on the earth’s surface.

Mode of transportation. The type of transportation used

for moving the shipment to its domestic destination. For

exports, the domestic destination was the port of exit. On

the questionnaire, we defined the possible modes as

follows:

1. Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier. Delivery

services that carry letters, parcels, packages, and

other small shipments that typically weigh less than

100 pounds. Includes bus parcel delivery service.

2. Private truck. Trucks operated by a temporary or

permanent employee of an establishment or the buyer/

receiver of the shipment.

3. For-hire truck. Trucks that carry freight for a fee

collected from the shipper, recipient of the shipment,

or an arranger of the transportation.

4. Railroad. Any common carrier or private railroad.

5. Inland water and/ or Great Lakes. Barges, ships, or

ferries operating primarily on rivers and canals; on

harbors, the Great Lakes, the Saint Lawrence Seaway;

the Intracoastal Waterway, the Inside Passage to

Alaska, major bays and inlets; or on the ocean close to

the shoreline.

6. Deep sea water. Barges, ships, or ferries operating

primarily on the open ocean. Shipping on the Great

Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway is classified

with inland water. [Note: As part of the mileage

calculation operations, deep sea water shipments were

reclassified to more accurately reflect a shipment’s

route rather than vessel type. Therefore, in the tables,

‘‘deep sea water’’ as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans

or the Gulf of Mexico. Using this definition, deep sea as

a single mode (i.e., without an inland water component) is nearly impossible. Most shipments moving

primarily on the open ocean are tabulated under

‘‘inland water and deep sea.’’]

7. Pipeline. Movements of oil, petroleum, gas, slurry,

etc., through pipelines that extend to other establishments or locations beyond the shipper’s establishment. Aqueducts for the movement of water are not

included.

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8. Air. Movements using commercial or private aircraft,

and all air service for shipments that typically weigh

more than 100 pounds. Includes air freight and air

express.

9. Other mode. Any mode not listed above.

10. Mode unknown. The shipment was not carried by a

parcel delivery/ courier/ U.S. Postal Service, and the

respondent could not determine what mode of transportation was used.

In the tables, the above modes appear, as well as the

following additional mode descriptions:

1. Single modes. Shipments using only one of the abovelisted modes, except other and unknown.

2. Multiple modes. Shipments for which two or more of

the following modes of transportation were used:

a. Private truck.

b. For-hire truck.

c. Air.

d. Rail.

e. Inland water.

f. Great Lakes.

g. Deep sea water.

h. Pipeline.

We did not allow for multiple modes in combination

with ‘‘parcel delivery, U.S. Postal Service, or courier’’,

‘‘unknown’’, or ‘‘other’’, which, by their nature, may

already include various kinds of multiple-mode activity.

For example, if the respondent reported a shipment’s

mode of transportation as parcel and air, we treated the

shipment as parcel only.

3. Other modes. Shipments for which mode was not

reported, or was recorded as ‘‘Other’’ or ‘‘Unknown.’’

Also, shipments using any other mode or mode combinations not specifically listed in the table.

4. Truck. For-hire truck and/ or private truck.

5. Water. Inland water and/ or Great Lakes and/ or deep

sea water.

6. Great Lakes. On the questionnaire, ‘‘Inland water

and/ or Great Lakes’’ appeared as one mode. In the

tables in this publication, ‘‘Great Lakes’’ appears as a

separate mode. The transportation network and mileage calculation system that Oak Ridge National Laboratories developed for this survey allowed for separate

mileage calculations for inland water and Great Lakes

between the origin and destination ZIP Codes (see the

‘‘Mileage Calculations’’ section for more details). Therefore, a shipment reported as using inland water and/ or

Great Lakes can appear in the tables as a single mode

inland water shipment, or a single mode Great Lakes

shipment, or a multiple mode inland water and Great

Lakes shipment.

7. Inland water. On the questionnaire, ‘‘Inland water

and/ or Great Lakes’’ appeared as one mode. In the

tables in this publication, ‘‘Inland water’’ appears as a

separate mode. See the ‘‘Great Lakes’’ section above

for the explanation.

Shipment. A shipment (or delivery) is an individual movement of commodities from an establishment to a customer

or to another location of the originating company (including

a warehouse, distribution center, retail or wholesale outlet). A shipment uses one or more modes of transportation

including parcel delivery, U.S. Postal Service, courier,

private truck, for-hire truck, rail, water, pipeline, air, and

other modes.

Standard TransportationCommodity Classification(STCC).

A commodity coding system that the Association of American Railroads developed and maintains. The 1993 Commodity Flow Survey used this classification system at the

five-digit level.

Ton-miles. The weight times the mileage for a shipment.

The respondents reported shipment weight in pounds, as

described below. Mileage was calculated as the distance

between the shipment origin and destination ZIP Codes.

For shipments by truck, rail, or inland water/ Great Lakes,

the mileage excludes international segments. For example,

mileages from Alaska to the continental United States

exclude any mileages through Canada (see the ‘‘Mileage

Calculations’’ section for more details). Aggregated poundmiles were converted to ton-miles. The tables in this

publication show ton-miles in millions.

Tons shipped. The total weight of the entire shipment.

Respondents reported the weight in pounds. Aggregated

pounds were converted to short-tons (2,000 pounds). The

tables in this publication show tons in thousands.

Total modal activity. The overall activity (e.g., ton-miles)

of a specific mode of transportation, whether used in a

single-mode shipment, or as part of a multiple-mode

shipment. For example, the total modal activity for private

truck is the total ton-miles carried by private truck in

single-mode shipments, combined with the total ton-miles

carried by private truck in all multiple-mode shipments that

include private truck (private truck and for-hire truck,

private truck and rail, private truck and air, etc.). ‘‘Total

modal activity’’ appears in table 2 of this publication.

Value of shipments. The dollar value of the entire shipment. This was defined as the net selling value, f.o.b. plant,

exclusive of freight charges and excise taxes. The tables in

this publication show value in millions of dollars.

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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing

data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to

high sampling variability or other reasons.

CFS Commodity Flow Survey.

CTS Commodity Transportation Survey.

CV Coefficient of Variation.

lb Pounds.

N.E.C. Not Elsewhere Classified.

NTAR National Transportation Analysis Region.

SIC Standard Industrial Classification.

SSEL Standard Statistical Establishment List.

STCC Standard Transportation Commodity Classification.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY IX
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Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

Information shown in tables

Tables

123456 7

Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X

Tons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X

Ton-miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X

Average miles per shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X

Mode of transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X

Distance shipped............................................... X

Shipment size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X

Commodity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X

State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X

X USERS’ GUIDE TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Contents

Virginia

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

1993 Commodity Flow Survey V .....................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number X ..................

TABLES

1. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for State of Origin: 1993 3 ....

2. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for State of Origin: 1993 3 ........

3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993 4 .......................................................

4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State

of Origin: 1993 ............................................................ 7

5. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity for State of Origin: 1993 10 ................

6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993 ............................................................... 11

7. Shipment Characteristics by State of Destination for State of Origin: 1993 23 ........

APPENDIXES

A. Comparability With Previous Surveys A–1 ..........................................

B. Reliability of the Data B–1 ........................................................

C. Sample Design, Survey Methodology, and Estimation C–1 ...........................

D. Standard Transportation Commodity Classification Code Information D–1 ..............

E. Sample Report Forms and Instructions E–1 ........................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

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Table 1. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number (million dollars) PercentNumber (thousands) PercentNumber

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

All modes 114 --------------------------------------- 590 100.0 289 195 100.0 43 388 100.0 712

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 11 ----------------------- 156 9.7 435 – (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 40 ---------------------------------------------- 378 35.2 88 881 30.7 5 685 13.1 43

For-hire truck 51 --------------------------------------------- 600 45.0 113 580 39.3 10 867 25.0 316

Air------------------------------------------------------- 45 – – – (S) – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 4 073 3.6 50 101 17.3 18 068 41.6 483

Inland water 230 ---------------------------------------------- .2 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – (S) (S) (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 1 ------------------------------ 138 1.0 (S) – (S) (S) (S)

Truck and air 1 --------------------------------------------- 773 1.5 28 – 39 .1 969

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 2 142 .7 484 1.1 852

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water (D) -------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 2 --------------------------------- 058 1.8 12 118 4.2 (S) (S) (S)

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

Calculation of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation. 2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

Table 2. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal

Activity for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not

add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation1

Ton-miles2

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment2

Total 43 ----------------------------------- 388 100.0 712

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier, total (S) --------- (S) (S)

Truck, total 16 -------------------------------------- 828 38.8 92

Air, total 38 ---------------------------------------- .1 971

Rail, total 21 --------------------------------------- 547 49.7 623

Inland water, total 4 -------------------------------- 037 9.3 (S)

Great Lakes, total 38 -------------------------------- .1 28

Deep sea water, total (S) ---------------------------- – (S)

Pipeline, total (S) ------------------------------------ (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes, total 419 ------------------ 1.0 80

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their respective totals.

However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Data represent activity for a given mode across single and multiple mode shipments. For

example, total truck activity includes private truck and/ or for-hire truck single mode combined with private

and for-hire truck segments of all multiple mode trips including truck. 2Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle

Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation. Calculation of

average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data"

section of this report for further explanation.

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Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

ALL MODES

Total-------------------------------------------------------- 114 590 100.0 289 195 100.0 43 388 100.0

Less than 50 miles 31 --------------------------------------------------- 157 27.2 174 052 60.2 3 125 7.2

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 14 250 12.4 39 119 13.5 4 206 9.7

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 20 735 18.1 33 663 11.6 8 475 19.5

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 22 913 20.0 33 720 11.7 16 589 38.2

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 10 914 9.5 3 372 1.2 2 600 6.0

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 4 592 4.0 2 072 .7 2 587 6.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles 3 -------------------------------------------------- 524 3.1 (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles 1 -------------------------------------------------- 592 1.4 150 .1 310 .7 2,000 miles or more 4 -------------------------------------------------- 914 4.3 695 .2 1 941 4.5

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 11 ---------------------------- 156 100.0 435 100.0 (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- 1 071 9.6 76 17.3 2 .4 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 696 6.2 26 6.1 3 .6 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 1 904 17.1 63 14.5 14 3.1 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 2 211 19.8 70 16.2 32 7.3 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 1 420 12.7 40 9.2 30 6.7

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 745 6.7 23 5.4 24 5.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 830 7.4 20 4.6 28 6.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Private truck ---------------------------------------------------- 40 378 100.0 88 881 100.0 5 685 100.0

Less than 50 miles 20 --------------------------------------------------- 241 50.1 65 502 73.7 1 545 27.2

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 7 205 17.8 13 337 15.0 1 244 21.9

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 8 554 21.2 7 775 8.7 1 481 26.0

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 2 596 6.4 1 594 1.8 709 12.5

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 1 040 2.6 367 .4 266 4.7

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 330 .8 174 .2 169 3.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 76 .2 56 .1 79 1.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- 173 .4 51 .1 142 2.5

For-hire truck 51 --------------------------------------------------- 600 100.0 113 580 100.0 10 867 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- 7 646 14.8 (S) (S) 954 8.8

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 5 452 10.6 5 912 5.2 581 5.3

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 9 050 17.5 9 358 8.2 2 004 18.4

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 15 307 29.7 6 757 5.9 3 039 28.0

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 7 126 13.8 2 222 2.0 1 653 15.2

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 2 406 4.7 791 .7 805 7.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles 2 -------------------------------------------------- 175 4.2 488 .4 683 6.3 1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- 526 1.0 73 .1 154 1.4 2,000 miles or more 1 -------------------------------------------------- 911 3.7 366 .3 994 9.1

Air -------------------------------------------------------------- 45 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 5 10.9 – 9.9 – 2.0

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 8 17.8 – (S) – 4.0

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------------- 4 073 100.0 50 101 100.0 18 068 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- 181 4.4 5 415 10.8 313 1.7 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 247 6.1 7 663 15.3 979 5.4 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 650 16.0 12 431 24.8 3 278 18.1 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 1 810 44.4 23 116 46.1 11 511 63.7 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 186 4.6 639 1.3 556 3.1

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 57 1.4 304 .6 520 2.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 11 – 25 .1

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water ---------------------------------------------------- 230 100.0 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 12 5.0 96 .8 21 1.7

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Great Lakes----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Deep sea water ------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

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Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Pipeline2 -------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 1 ---------------------------------- 138 100.0 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- 760 66.8 (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 255 22.4 (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – – – (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – – – (S)

Truck and air---------------------------------------------------- 1 773 100.0 28 100.0 39 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 14 .8 (S) (S) – (S) 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 130 7.3 3 9.2 1 2.1 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 235 13.3 7 26.0 4 11.4 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 4 13.4 3 8.5

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 77 4.4 1 5.0 2 4.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 136 7.7 2 8.7 4 9.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- 365 20.6 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and rail --------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 2 142 100.0 484 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- 45 3.3 1 696 79.2 111 23.0

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Truck and water------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – (S) (S) (S) – (S)

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – (S) (S) (S) – (S)

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Rail and water--------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------------ –––– –

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

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TSF:TIPS92-16501623.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:50:18 UTF:TIPS93-16501623.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:50:18 META:TIPS96-16501623.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:50:34

Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon. 750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 2 -------------------------------------- 058 100.0 12 118 100.0 (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- 787 38.2 10 450 86.2 115 7.9 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 206 10.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 245 11.9 162 1.3 33 2.3 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 289 14.0 202 1.7 105 7.2 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 123 6.0 20 .2 15 1.0

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 52 2.6 (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- 29 1.4 (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- 138 6.7 18 .1 47 3.2

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

6nn VIRGINIA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_T_4_51 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-16542352.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:25 UTF:TIPS93-16542352.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:25 META:TIPS96-16542352.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:34

Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State of

Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

ALL MODES

Total 114 -------------------------------------------- 590 100.0 289 195 100.0 43 388 100.0 712

Less than 50 lb 12 ------------------------------------------- 611 11.0 489 .2 (S) – (S)

50 to 99 lb 3 ----------------------------------------------- 528 3.1 241 .1 41 .1 164

100 to 499 lb 8 --------------------------------------------- 960 7.8 1 694 .6 225 .5 141

500 to 749 lb 2 --------------------------------------------- 554 2.2 701 .2 108 .2 156

750 to 999 lb 2 --------------------------------------------- 053 1.8 601 .2 82 .2 139

1,000 to 9,999 lb 22 ------------------------------------------ 976 20.1 10 345 3.6 1 827 4.2 157 10,000 to 49,999 lb 51 --------------------------------------- 593 45.0 104 244 36.0 12 541 28.9 115 50,000 to 99,999 lb 5 --------------------------------------- 672 4.9 (S) (S) 2 460 5.7 28 100,000 lb or more 4 ---------------------------------------- 644 4.1 79 457 27.5 25 712 59.3 300

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 11 ----------------- 156 100.0 435 100.0 (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb 8 ------------------------------------------- 606 77.1 307 70.6 (S) (S) (S) 50 to 99 lb 1 ----------------------------------------------- 151 10.3 43 10.0 24 5.6 535 100 to 499 lb 1 --------------------------------------------- 217 10.9 69 15.8 33 7.5 534 500 to 749 lb 117 --------------------------------------------- 1.0 8 1.8 2 .5 306 750 to 999 lb 64 --------------------------------------------- .6 8 1.9 2 .5 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Private truck 40 ----------------------------------------- 378 100.0 88 881 100.0 5 685 100.0 43

Less than 50 lb 2 ------------------------------------------- 203 5.5 154 .2 5 .1 33

50 to 99 lb 812 ----------------------------------------------- 2.0 161 .2 6 .1 40

100 to 499 lb 3 --------------------------------------------- 883 9.6 1 226 1.4 57 1.0 47

500 to 749 lb 1 --------------------------------------------- 169 2.9 541 .6 28 .5 52

750 to 999 lb 877 --------------------------------------------- 2.2 472 .5 25 .4 53

1,000 to 9,999 lb 8 ------------------------------------------ 283 20.5 7 622 8.6 431 7.6 53

10,000 to 49,999 lb 19 --------------------------------------- 540 48.4 53 372 60.0 3 741 65.8 67

50,000 to 99,999 lb 3 --------------------------------------- 298 8.2 22 481 25.3 1 205 21.2 55

100,000 lb or more 313 ---------------------------------------- .8 2 851 3.2 186 3.3 62

For-hire truck 51 ---------------------------------------- 600 100.0 113 580 100.0 10 867 100.0 316

Less than 50 lb 1 ------------------------------------------- 045 2.0 14 – 6 .1 400

50 to 99 lb 1 ----------------------------------------------- 394 2.7 19 – 7 .1 381

100 to 499 lb 2 --------------------------------------------- 773 5.4 212 .2 112 1.0 529

500 to 749 lb 1 --------------------------------------------- 158 2.2 128 .1 74 .7 576

750 to 999 lb 740 --------------------------------------------- 1.4 95 .1 51 .5 528

1,000 to 9,999 lb 12 ------------------------------------------ 259 23.8 2 279 2.0 1 106 10.2 502 10,000 to 49,999 lb 30 --------------------------------------- 373 58.9 44 715 39.4 8 436 77.6 191 50,000 to 99,999 lb 1 --------------------------------------- 669 3.2 (S) (S) 839 7.7 (S)

100,000 lb or more 187 ---------------------------------------- .4 2 208 1.9 237 2.2 133

Air -------------------------------------------------- 45 100.0 – 100.0 (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb 25 ------------------------------------------- 55.9 – 59.1 (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 lb (S) ----------------------------------------------- (S) – 6.3 – 3.2 1 263

100 to 499 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – 22.6 – (S) (S)

500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) – 12.1 – (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Rail 4 -------------------------------------------------- 073 100.0 50 101 100.0 18 068 100.0 483

Less than 50 lb (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S)

100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – – (S) – (S)

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 322 --------------------------------------- 7.9 340 .7 193 1.1 582 100,000 lb or more (D) ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water 230 ----------------------------------------- 100.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- .1 (S) (S) – – (S)

100,000 lb or more 230 ---------------------------------------- 99.9 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ----------------------------------------- ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – -------------------------------------- ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA nn7
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_T_4_51 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-16542352.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:25 UTF:TIPS93-16542352.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:25 META:TIPS96-16542352.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:34

Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 1 ----------------------- 138 100.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb 3 ------------------------------------------- .3 (S) (S) – – (S)

50 to 99 lb 8 ----------------------------------------------- .7 12 .6 1 .6 370

100 to 499 lb 128 --------------------------------------------- 11.2 153 6.9 10 6.2 476

500 to 749 lb 20 --------------------------------------------- 1.8 (S) (S) 1 .6 189

750 to 999 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 465 ------------------------------------------ 40.9 100 4.5 8 4.7 91

10,000 to 49,999 lb 184 --------------------------------------- 16.2 (S) (S) 15 9.3 46

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) --------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more 8 ---------------------------------------- .7 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and air 1 ---------------------------------------- 773 100.0 28 100.0 39 100.0 969

Less than 50 lb 417 ------------------------------------------- 23.5 2 8.1 2 5.5 952

50 to 99 lb 89 ----------------------------------------------- 5.0 1 4.7 2 4.0 1 069

100 to 499 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 7 26.3 9 23.8 1 076

500 to 749 lb 23 --------------------------------------------- 1.3 1 3.1 1 2.2 1 078

750 to 999 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 2 5.6 (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) 6 20.4 6 16.0 917

10,000 to 49,999 lb 14 --------------------------------------- .8 3 11.9 2 5.1 564 50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) --------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 2 142 100.0 484 100.0 852

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) --------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 20 4.1 (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 25 --------------------------------------- 1.8 870 40.6 57 11.9 68 100,000 lb or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 995 46.5 171 35.3 (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- .2 – – – – (S) 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – 1.2 – – – – (S) 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- .4 – .1 – – (S) 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) – (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) --------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- .4 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2 ---------------------------------- – ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more (D) ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------ ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

8nn VIRGINIA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_T_4_51 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-16542352.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:25 UTF:TIPS93-16542352.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:25 META:TIPS96-16542352.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:54:34

Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more (D) ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 2 --------------------------- 058 100.0 12 118 100.0 (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb 310 ------------------------------------------- 15.1 7 .1 1 – 76 50 to 99 lb 64 ----------------------------------------------- 3.1 5 – – – 63 100 to 499 lb 256 --------------------------------------------- 12.5 26 .2 3 .2 129 500 to 749 lb 65 --------------------------------------------- 3.2 8 .1 2 .1 192 750 to 999 lb 32 --------------------------------------------- 1.6 (S) (S) 2 .1 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 400 ------------------------------------------ 19.5 124 1.0 33 2.2 242 10,000 to 49,999 lb 595 --------------------------------------- 28.9 5 692 47.0 231 15.9 (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 52 --------------------------------------- 2.5 (S) (S) 32 2.2 (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 3 831 31.6 (S) (S) (S)

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

Calculation of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation. 2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA nn9
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 16:58:39 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_T_5_51 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-16582960.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:58:31 UTF:TIPS93-16582960.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:58:31 META:TIPS96-16582960.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:58:38

Table 5. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC

code Commodity description Value

(million dollars)

Tons

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles per

shipment1

ALL COMMODITIES

Total------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114 590 289 195 43 388 712

01 Farm products ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 188 4 603 (S) (S)

08 Forest products ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 693 (S) (S)

09 Fresh fish or other marine products ----------------------------------------------------------------- 734 252 92 211

10 Metallic ores -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) 29 5 217

11 Coal --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 034 103 524 17 303 (S)

13 Crude petroleum, natural gas, or gasoline ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) (D) (D) (D)

14 Nonmetallic minerals------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 403 49 073 2 497 1 176

19 Ordnance or accessories --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 371 4 3 999

20 Food or kindred products--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 699 19 402 3 552 50

21 Tobacco products, excluding insecticides ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) (D) (D) (D)

22 Textile mill products ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 652 964 445 441

23 Apparel or other finished textile products------------------------------------------------------------- 4 517 367 142 1 305

24 Lumber or wood products, excluding furniture -------------------------------------------------------- 3 361 24 060 2 348 160

25 Furniture or fixtures -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 985 678 389 575

26 Pulp, paper, or allied products ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 868 6 821 2 338 127

27 Printed matter------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) –

28 Chemicals or allied products ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 196 6 743 1 620 817

29 Petroleum or coal products ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 020 30 392 1 761 1 227

30 Rubber or miscellaneous plastics products ----------------------------------------------------------- 3 466 998 554 1 120

31 Leather or leather products ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 248 8 4 451

32 Clay, concrete, glass, or stone products ------------------------------------------------------------- 2 097 30 323 2 594 725

33 Primary metal products----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 204 1 851 596 158

34 Fabricated metal products -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 989 1 019 324 286

35 Machinery, excluding electrical ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 619 459 263 339

36 Electrical machinery, equipment, or supplies---------------------------------------------------------- 7 434 365 260 1 409

37 Transportation equipment -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 313 1 079 622 405

38 Instruments, photographic goods, optical goods, watches, or clocks 2 ------------------------------------ 206 88 38 387

39 Miscellaneous products of manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 771 173 143 1 159

40 Waste or scrap materials --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 272 1 575 745 256

41 Miscellaneous freight shipments--------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 925 659 168 607

42 Containers, carriers or devices, shipping, returned empty 6 ---------------------------------------------- 6 1 247

48 Waste hazardous materials or waste hazardous substances (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S)

m Commodity unknown------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 358 114 23 311

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

Calculation of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation.

10nn VIRGINIA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:07:24 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_T_6_51 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-17064489.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:06:46 UTF:TIPS93-17064489.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:06:47 META:TIPS96-17064489.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:07:18

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

ALL COMMODITIES

Total 114 -------------------------------------------- 590 100.0 289 195 100.0 43 388 100.0 712

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 11 ----------------------- 156 9.7 435 .2 (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 40 ---------------------------------------------- 378 35.2 88 881 30.7 5 685 13.1 43

For-hire truck 51 --------------------------------------------- 600 45.0 113 580 39.3 10 867 25.0 316

Air------------------------------------------------------- 45 – – – (S) – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 4 073 3.6 50 101 17.3 18 068 41.6 483

Inland water 230 ---------------------------------------------- .2 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 1 ------------------------------ 138 1.0 (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and air 1 --------------------------------------------- 773 1.5 28 – 39 .1 969

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 2 142 .7 484 1.1 852

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water (D) -------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 2 --------------------------------- 058 1.8 12 118 4.2 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 01, FARM PRODUCTS

Total 1 -------------------------------------------- 188 100.0 4 603 100.0 (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (D) ----------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Private truck 406 ---------------------------------------------- 34.2 797 17.3 65 1.8 44

For-hire truck 302 --------------------------------------------- 25.4 (S) (S) 135 3.8 223

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water (D) -------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 08, FOREST PRODUCTS

Total 62 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 693 100.0 (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- ––––– –

Private truck 11 ---------------------------------------------- 17.4 (S) (S) 8 4.3 77

For-hire truck 50 --------------------------------------------- 81.2 531 76.5 (S) (S) (S)

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA nn11
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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 09, FRESH FISH OR OTHER MARINE

PRODUCTS

Total 734 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 252 100.0 92 100.0 211

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

Private truck 430 ---------------------------------------------- 58.7 144 57.2 45 48.7 129

For-hire truck 301 --------------------------------------------- 41.0 106 42.0 44 48.2 277

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

STCC 10, METALLIC ORES

Total (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) 29 100.0 5 100.0 217

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

Private truck (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 9 30.5 3 66.8 (S)

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- ––––– –

STCC 11, COAL

Total 2 -------------------------------------------- 034 100.0 103 524 100.0 17 303 100.0 (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- ––––– – Private truck – ---------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – (S)

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 1 246 61.3 39 580 38.2 14 267 82.5 374

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail 30 --------------------------------------------- 1.5 1 674 1.6 153 .9 (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water 186 -------------------------------------------- 9.1 5 179 5.0 2 485 14.4 474

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 68 --------------------------------- 3.4 2 038 2.0 92 .5 (S)

12nn VIRGINIA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 13, CRUDE PETROLEUM, NATURAL GAS,

OR GASOLINE

Total (D) -------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- ––––– –

Private truck (D) ---------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) --------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- ––––– –

STCC 14, NONMETALLIC MINERALS

Total 403 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 49 073 100.0 2 497 100.0 1 176

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Private truck 152 ---------------------------------------------- 37.7 15 932 32.5 701 28.1 43

For-hire truck 126 --------------------------------------------- 31.1 21 357 43.5 985 39.4 45

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 20 5.0 3 155 6.4 632 25.3 217

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S) Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – (S) – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 46 --------------------------------- 11.4 8 264 16.8 151 6.1 (S)

STCC 19, ORDNANCE OR ACCESSORIES

Total 371 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 4 100.0 3 100.0 999

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 83 ----------------------- 22.3 1 14.7 (S) (S) (S)

Private truck (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – 18.3 263 For-hire truck 227 --------------------------------------------- 61.1 2 38.3 2 59.8 1 032 Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – – (S) Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) – (S) – – (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) – (S) – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – .3 – .6 1 279 Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- (S) – (S) – – (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA nn13
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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 20, FOOD OR KINDRED PRODUCTS

Total 17 -------------------------------------------- 699 100.0 19 402 100.0 3 552 100.0 50

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 9 ----------------------- .1 2 – 1 – 452

Private truck 12 ---------------------------------------------- 229 69.1 14 207 73.2 1 626 45.8 39

For-hire truck 4 --------------------------------------------- 988 28.2 4 214 21.7 1 516 42.7 229

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 361 2.0 852 4.4 360 10.1 452

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ – (S) – – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 21, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, EXCLUDING

INSECTICIDES

Total (D) -------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (D) ----------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Private truck (D) ---------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) --------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 22, TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

Total 5 -------------------------------------------- 652 100.0 964 100.0 445 100.0 441

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 86 ----------------------- 1.5 5 .5 4 .9 719 Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 734 30.7 236 24.5 82 18.4 94 For-hire truck 3 --------------------------------------------- 743 66.2 706 73.2 353 79.2 673 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 1 .2 (S)

14nn VIRGINIA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 23, APPAREL OR OTHER FINISHED

TEXTILE PRODUCTS

Total 4 -------------------------------------------- 517 100.0 367 100.0 142 100.0 1 305

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 920 ----------------------- 20.4 34 9.3 (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 284 28.4 119 32.4 29 20.3 235

For-hire truck 1 --------------------------------------------- 664 36.9 138 37.6 61 42.9 619

Air------------------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) – – – – – (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 524 ------------------------------ 11.6 66 17.9 4 3.1 133

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- – – (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 111 --------------------------------- 2.4 10 2.6 3 2.2 (S)

STCC 24, LUMBER OR WOOD PRODUCTS,

EXCLUDING FURNITURE

Total 3 -------------------------------------------- 361 100.0 24 060 100.0 2 348 100.0 160

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 23 ----------------------- .7 2 – 1 .1 679

Private truck 2 ---------------------------------------------- 036 60.6 17 621 73.2 1 144 48.7 62

For-hire truck 1 --------------------------------------------- 151 34.2 5 238 21.8 938 39.9 299

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 88 2.6 1 095 4.5 236 10.0 239

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 46 --------------------------------- 1.4 98 .4 28 1.2 (S)

STCC 25, FURNITURE OR FIXTURES

Total 2 -------------------------------------------- 985 100.0 678 100.0 389 100.0 575

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 48 ----------------------- 1.6 7 1.1 6 1.5 691 Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 202 40.3 202 29.9 41 10.5 140 For-hire truck 1 --------------------------------------------- 691 56.6 455 67.1 330 84.8 699 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ – – – – – (S) Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – (S) – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 22 --------------------------------- .7 6 .9 (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA nn15
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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 26, PULP, PAPER, OR ALLIED PRODUCTS

Total 4 -------------------------------------------- 868 100.0 6 821 100.0 2 338 100.0 127

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 244 ----------------------- 5.0 20 .3 6 .3 317

Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 488 30.6 1 692 24.8 207 8.8 48

For-hire truck 2 --------------------------------------------- 616 53.7 3 801 55.7 1 514 64.8 334

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 440 9.0 1 262 18.5 601 25.7 478

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) – – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – – – 486

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 63 --------------------------------- 1.3 42 .6 9 .4 (S)

STCC 27, PRINTED MATTER

Total (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Private truck (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

STCC 28, CHEMICALS OR ALLIED PRODUCTS

Total 10 -------------------------------------------- 196 100.0 6 743 100.0 1 620 100.0 817

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 934 ----------------------- 9.2 29 .4 24 1.5 1 153

Private truck 2 ---------------------------------------------- 861 28.1 3 662 54.3 234 14.4 55

For-hire truck 5 --------------------------------------------- 632 55.2 1 951 28.9 767 47.3 323

Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – – (S) – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 544 5.3 935 13.9 553 34.1 619

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- 7 .1 110 1.6 (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – – – (S)

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 115 --------------------------------- 1.1 43 .6 (S) (S) (S)

16nn VIRGINIA TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 29, PETROLEUM OR COAL PRODUCTS

Total 6 -------------------------------------------- 020 100.0 30 392 100.0 1 761 100.0 1 227

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Private truck 3 ---------------------------------------------- 958 65.7 16 024 52.7 596 33.8 22

For-hire truck 992 --------------------------------------------- 16.5 8 444 27.8 232 13.2 33

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 158 2.6 1 704 5.6 518 29.4 188

Inland water (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 38 --------------------------------- .6 131 .4 (S) – (S)

STCC 30, RUBBER OR MISCELLANEOUS

PLASTICS PRODUCTS

Total 3 -------------------------------------------- 466 100.0 998 100.0 554 100.0 1 120

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 208 ----------------------- 6.0 20 2.0 (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 764 ---------------------------------------------- 22.0 241 24.1 34 6.2 47

For-hire truck 2 --------------------------------------------- 162 62.4 651 65.3 436 78.7 585

Air------------------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 221 6.4 46 4.6 34 6.1 757

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 9 ------------------------------ .2 (S) (S) (S) – (S) Truck and air 9 --------------------------------------------- .3 1 .1 1 .1 1 369 Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 93 --------------------------------- 2.7 35 3.5 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 31, LEATHER OR LEATHER PRODUCTS

Total 248 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 8 100.0 4 100.0 451

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 123 ----------------------- 49.3 4 44.3 2 56.0 453 Private truck 28 ---------------------------------------------- 11.4 1 15.3 – (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA nn17
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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 32, CLAY, CONCRETE, GLASS, OR STONE

PRODUCTS

Total 2 -------------------------------------------- 097 100.0 30 323 100.0 2 594 100.0 725

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 229 ----------------------- 10.9 10 – (S) – (S)

Private truck 822 ---------------------------------------------- 39.2 14 172 46.7 401 15.5 46

For-hire truck 864 --------------------------------------------- 41.2 5 309 17.5 721 27.8 283

Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 41 2.0 635 2.1 272 10.5 476

Inland water (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and air 4 --------------------------------------------- .2 (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) 32 .1 (S) – (S)

STCC 33, PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTS

Total 2 -------------------------------------------- 204 100.0 1 851 100.0 596 100.0 158

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 36 ----------------------- 1.6 3 .2 1 .1 374

Private truck 802 ---------------------------------------------- 36.4 708 38.2 102 17.2 51

For-hire truck 1 --------------------------------------------- 307 59.3 1 080 58.4 468 78.6 486

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 7 .3 49 2.6 20 3.3 388

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 26 --------------------------------- 1.2 11 .6 (S) – (S)

STCC 34, FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS

Total 2 -------------------------------------------- 989 100.0 1 019 100.0 324 100.0 286

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 315 ----------------------- 10.5 14 1.4 7 2.2 521 Private truck 869 ---------------------------------------------- 29.1 456 44.7 44 13.7 60 For-hire truck 1 --------------------------------------------- 736 58.1 534 52.4 265 81.8 523 Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – – (S) Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – – (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S) Truck and air 10 --------------------------------------------- .3 1 .1 1 .2 983 Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 54 --------------------------------- 1.8 8 .8 (S) (S) (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 35, MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL

Total 6 -------------------------------------------- 619 100.0 459 100.0 263 100.0 339

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 1 ----------------------- 479 22.3 24 5.2 14 5.2 469

Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 208 18.3 110 23.9 18 6.9 45

For-hire truck 2 --------------------------------------------- 905 43.9 290 63.1 207 78.9 522

Air------------------------------------------------------- 2 – – – – – 746

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 5 1.2 5 1.9 1 006

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 369 --------------------------------- 5.6 30 6.5 15 5.6 184

STCC 36, ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT,

OR SUPPLIES

Total 7 -------------------------------------------- 434 100.0 365 100.0 260 100.0 1 409

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 2 ----------------------- 688 36.2 57 15.7 (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 560 21.0 105 28.7 19 7.4 34

For-hire truck 2 --------------------------------------------- 280 30.7 189 51.9 137 52.7 451

Air------------------------------------------------------- 12 .2 – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ – – – – – (S) Truck and air 757 --------------------------------------------- 10.2 4 1.0 5 1.9 1 204 Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 136 --------------------------------- 1.8 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 37, TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

Total 7 -------------------------------------------- 313 100.0 1 079 100.0 622 100.0 405

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 773 ----------------------- 10.6 9 .9 (S) (S) (S) Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 628 22.3 281 26.0 56 9.0 17 For-hire truck 3 --------------------------------------------- 255 44.5 568 52.6 303 48.8 572 Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – – – – (S) Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 3 .3 2 .4 1 095 Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 256 --------------------------------- 3.5 14 1.3 14 2.2 (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 38, INSTRUMENTS, PHOTOGRAPHIC

GOODS, OPTICAL GOODS, WATCHES, OR

CLOCKS

Total 2 -------------------------------------------- 206 100.0 88 100.0 38 100.0 387

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 968 ----------------------- 43.9 16 17.9 6 15.0 427

Private truck 261 ---------------------------------------------- 11.8 28 31.4 1 3.4 44

For-hire truck 886 --------------------------------------------- 40.2 43 49.2 30 79.1 409

Air------------------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air 38 --------------------------------------------- 1.7 – .5 – 1.1 686 Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – (S) – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 53 --------------------------------- 2.4 1 .7 – .8 456

STCC 39, MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS OF

MANUFACTURING

Total 1 -------------------------------------------- 771 100.0 173 100.0 143 100.0 1 159

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 1 ----------------------- 055 59.6 60 34.8 (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 328 ---------------------------------------------- 18.5 54 31.4 7 5.1 48

For-hire truck 366 --------------------------------------------- 20.7 55 31.9 33 23.3 790

Air------------------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ – – – – – (S) Truck and air 4 --------------------------------------------- .2 – – – – (S)

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – (S) (S) – (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 16 --------------------------------- .9 3 1.7 – .3 (S)

STCC 40, WASTE OR SCRAP MATERIALS

Total 272 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 1 575 100.0 745 100.0 256

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) – – – – (S) Private truck 41 ---------------------------------------------- 15.0 266 16.9 29 3.9 86 For-hire truck 146 --------------------------------------------- 53.6 756 48.0 243 32.6 324 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 51 18.8 434 27.5 423 56.8 972

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 3 --------------------------------- .9 23 1.5 3 .4 (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 41, MISCELLANEOUS FREIGHT SHIPMENTS

Total 2 -------------------------------------------- 925 100.0 659 100.0 168 100.0 607

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 47 ----------------------- 1.6 – .1 – .2 938

Private truck 2 ---------------------------------------------- 776 94.9 647 98.2 158 93.9 173

For-hire truck 101 --------------------------------------------- 3.5 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air------------------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

STCC 42, CONTAINERS, CARRIERS OR DEVICES,

SHIPPING, RETURNED EMPTY

Total 6 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 6 100.0 1 100.0 247

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- ––––– – Private truck – ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 4 73.9 1 79.0 277 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- (S) – (S) – – (S)

STCC 48, WASTE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OR

WASTE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

Total (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- ––––– – Private truck (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- ––––– –

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

COMMODITY UNKNOWN

Total 358 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 114 100.0 23 100.0 311

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 21 ----------------------- 6.0 (S) (S) – 1.2 519 Private truck 75 ---------------------------------------------- 20.9 (S) (S) 8 35.5 26

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 14 62.5 431 Air------------------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – – (S) Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ (S) – – – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – (S) – – (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for explanation. Calculation

of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation. 2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

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Table 7. Shipment Characteristics by State of Destination for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

State of Destination

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number (million dollars) PercentNumber (thousands) Percent Number (millions) Percent

Total-------------------------------------------------------- 114 590 100.0 289 195 100.0 43 388 100.0

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut ---------------------------------------------------------- 500 .4 233 .1 111 .3

Maine --------------------------------------------------------------- 409 .4 143 – 114 .3

Massachusetts ------------------------------------------------------- 1 753 1.5 591 .2 349 .8

New Hampshire ------------------------------------------------------ 591 .5 104 – 66 .2

Rhode Island--------------------------------------------------------- 223 .2 67 – 38 .1

Vermont ------------------------------------------------------------- 98 .1 76 – 47 .1

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------------- 3 970 3.5 1 700 .6 596 1.4

New York------------------------------------------------------------ 4 675 4.1 2 019 .7 972 2.2

Pennsylvania--------------------------------------------------------- 4 930 4.3 7 299 2.5 2 666 6.1

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois --------------------------------------------------------------- 2 833 2.5 2 201 .8 1 534 3.5

Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------- 954 .8 2 784 1.0 1 715 4.0

Michigan------------------------------------------------------------- 1 973 1.7 1 612 .6 876 2.0

Ohio ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3 218 2.8 4 173 1.4 1 624 3.7

Wisconsin ----------------------------------------------------------- 604 .5 243 .1 236 .5

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 247 .2 106 – 120 .3

Kansas -------------------------------------------------------------- 328 .3 68 – 75 .2

Minnesota ----------------------------------------------------------- 483 .4 133 – 163 .4

Missouri ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 248 1.1 330 .1 309 .7

Nebraska ------------------------------------------------------------ 88 .1 43 – 52 .1

North Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 54 –5–7 –

South Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 46 – 194 .1 347 .8

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware ------------------------------------------------------------ 618 .5 623 .2 (S) –

District of Columbia --------------------------------------------------- 1 386 1.2 2 162 .7 64 .1

Florida -------------------------------------------------------------- 3 196 2.8 839 .3 709 1.6

Georgia ------------------------------------------------------------- 3 109 2.7 3 355 1.2 1 472 3.4

Maryland ------------------------------------------------------------ 7 060 6.2 8 982 3.1 769 1.8

North Carolina ------------------------------------------------------- 8 575 7.5 19 688 6.8 3 706 8.5

South Carolina ------------------------------------------------------- 1 543 1.3 2 521 .9 948 2.2

Virginia -------------------------------------------------------------- 41 861 36.5 207 066 71.6 13 450 31.0

West Virginia--------------------------------------------------------- 1 652 1.4 6 421 2.2 899 2.1

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama------------------------------------------------------------- 1 152 1.0 1 897 .7 862 2.0 Kentucky ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 583 1.4 (S) (S) 380 .9

Mississippi ----------------------------------------------------------- 289 .3 118 – 107 .2 Tennessee----------------------------------------------------------- 2 183 1.9 5 714 2.0 787 1.8

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas ------------------------------------------------------------ 635 .6 117 – 117 .3 Louisiana ------------------------------------------------------------ 511 .4 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Oklahoma ----------------------------------------------------------- 380 .3 56 – 66 .2 Texas --------------------------------------------------------------- 3 030 2.6 (S) (S) (S) (S)

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona-------------------------------------------------------------- 540 .5 47 – 116 .3 Colorado ------------------------------------------------------------ 481 .4 94 – 161 .4 Idaho --------------------------------------------------------------- 74 .1 6 – 14 – Montana------------------------------------------------------------- 72 .1 10 – 24 .1 Nevada-------------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 12 – 30 .1 New Mexico --------------------------------------------------------- 94 .1 13 – 26 .1 Utah ---------------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 29 – 62 .1

Wyoming ------------------------------------------------------------ 18 – 6 – 10 –

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska -------------------------------------------------------------- 13 – (S) – (S) –

California ------------------------------------------------------------ 3 960 3.5 445 .2 1 216 2.8 Hawaii--------------------------------------------------------------- 42 –1–4 – Oregon -------------------------------------------------------------- 114 .1 48 – 140 .3 Washington ---------------------------------------------------------- 623 .5 (S) (S) (S) (S)

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

1Ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

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Appendix A.

Comparability With Previous Surveys

The Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) restores a data

program on commodity flows that the Census Bureau

conducted as a part of its 5-year economic census program from 1963 through 1977. The Census Bureau last

published commodity flow data for the 1977 Commodity

Transportation Survey (CTS). Data collected for a modified

1983 CTS did not meet the Census Bureau quality

standards, and were not published. Funding was not

available to conduct the 1987 CTS. The following table

shows a comparison of the 1977, 1983, and 1993 surveys.

For the 1993 CFS, the Census Bureau incorporated improvements identified from the evaluation of previous surveys

and additional research.

Item 1977 19831 1993

1. Industry coverage All manufacturers All manufacturers Manufacturers (minor exceptions)

Selected mining establishments Mining (except mining services

and oil and gas extraction)

Grain wholesalers

Petroleum bulk plants

All wholesale

Video tape distributers

Catalog mail-order houses

Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses)

2. Sample size Approximately 20,000 establishments selected from the

Census of Manufactures’

universe of 350,000

Approximately 71,000 establishments selected from a universe of approximately 339,000

in-scope establishments on

the 1982 SSEL

Approximately 200,000 establishments selected from a universe of approximately 800,000

in-scope establishments on the

1992 SSEL

3. Survey methodology Respondents took a sample

of all shipments for the

previous year.

For each sampled shipment,

respondents reported data,

including commodity code

Respondents summarized data

on their shipments for the

previous year

No shipment sample

No reporting of commodity

Respondents took a sample of

their individual outbound shipments for a 2-week period during each of the four calendar

quarters of 1993

For each sampled shipment,

respondents reported data,

including commodity code

4. Mode of transportationRail Piggyback rail

Rail

Rail

For-hire motor carrier, ICC

For-hire motor carrier, non-ICC

Motor carrier For-hire truck

Private truck Private truck Private truck

Air Air Air

Water Water Inland water and/ or Great Lakes

Deep sea water

Pipeline Pipeline

Parcel delivery Parcel delivery Parcel delivery

Courier

U.S. Postal Service

Other Other Other/ unknown

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX A A–1
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Item 1977 19831 1993

5. Data items requested

on questionnaire

For each shipment:

Total value

Value of each commodity

Aggregated data for 1983:

Total value of products

shipped and services

For each shipment:

Total value

Total weight

Weight of each commodity

Total weight of products

shipped

Total percent of weight

exported

Total percent of weight

shipped < 25 miles

Total weight

All commodities Major commodity

Primary mode of transportationAll modes of transportation

Origin (considered as establishment’s mailing address)Origin (considered as establishment’s mailing address)Origin (respondent provided;

could be other than mailing

address)

Destination For each State of destination:

Total weight shipped

Percent of weight, by

mode

Percent of weight

exported

Destination

Containerized (Y/ N)

Hazardous material (Y/ N)

Export (Y/ N)

1

The 1983 survey results were not published because post survey evaluation uncovered significant deficiencies in the quality of the data.

A–2 APPENDIX A TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Appendix B.

Reliability of the Data

RELIABILITY OF THE ESTIMATES

An estimate based on a sample survey potentially

contains two types of errors—sampling and nonsampling.

Sampling errors occur because the estimate is based on a

sample, not on the entire universe. Nonsampling errors

can be attributed to many sources in the collection and

processing of the data. The accuracy of a survey result is

affected jointly by the two types of errors. The following is

a description of the sampling and nonsampling errors

associated with the estimates computed from the 1993

Commodity Flow Survey (CFS).

MEASURES OF SAMPLING VARIABILITY

Because the estimates were based on a sample, exact

agreement with the results that would be obtained from a

complete census of establishments in the CFS frame using

the same enumeration procedure was not expected. However, because each establishment in the Standard Statistical Establishment List (SSEL) in the specified Standard

Industrial Classifications (SIC) had a known probability of

being selected into the sample, it is possible to estimate

the sampling variablity of the estimates.

The standard error of the estimate is a measure of the

variability among the values of the estimate computed

from all possible samples of the same size and design.

Thus, it is a measure of the precision with which an

estimate from a particular sample approximates the results

of a complete enumeration. The coefficient of variation is

the standard error of the estimate divided by the value

being estimated. It is expressed as a percent. Note that

measures of sampling variablity, such as the standard error

or coefficient of variation, are estimated from the sample

and are also subject to sampling variability. Coefficients of

variation for number of shipments, dollar value, shipment

weight (tons), and ton-miles estimates are shown in tables

B-1 through B-7 in this appendix. Standard errors for the

corresponsing percentage estimates are also shown there.

The standard errors and coefficients of variation presented in these tables permit certain confidence statements about the sample estimates. The particular sample

used in this survey was one of a large number of samples

of the same size that could have been selected using the

same design. In about 9 out of 10 (90 percent) of these

samples, the estimates would differ from the results of a

complete enumeration by less than 1.65 times the standard error of the estimate. In about 19 out of 20 (95

percent) of the samples, the estimates would differ from

the result of a complete enumeration by less than twice the

standard error of the estimate.

To illustrate the computations involved in the above

confidence statements as related to the dollar value

estimates, assume that an estimate of shipment value

published in table 6 is $10,750 million for a particular

commodity and mode of transportation, and that the

coefficient of variation for this estimate, as given in appendix A, table B-6 is 1.8 percent, or 0.018. Multiplying

$10,750 million by 0.018 yields the standard error, $194

million. Typical practice is to construct a 90- or 95-percent

confidence interval. Multiplying $194 million by 1.65 gives

$320 million. Therefore, a 90-percent confidence interval is

$10,430 million to $11,070 million ($10,750 million plus or

minus $320 million). If corresponding confidence intervals

were constructed for all possible samples of the same size

and design, approximately 9 out of 10 (90 percent) of the

intervals would contain the figure obtained from a complete enumeration. Similarly, a 95-percent confidence interval is $10,362 million to $11,138 million ($10,750 million

plus or minus $388 million).

To illustrate the computations involved related to the

percentage estimates, assume that the percentage estimate of shipment value published in table 6 is 25 percent

for a particular commodity and mode of transportation, and

that the standard error of this estimate, as given in

appendix A, table B-6 is 2.2 percent, or 0.022. Multiplying

2.2 percent by 1.65 gives 3.6 percent. So a 90-percent

confidence interval is 21.4 percent to 28.6 percent (25

percent plus or minus 3.6 percent.) If corresponding confidence intervals were constructed for all possible samples

of the same size and design, approximately 9 out of 10 (90

percent) of the intervals would contain the figure obtained

from a complete enumeration.

NONSAMPLING ERRORS

As calculated for this report, the standard error and

coefficient of variation measures sampling errors but does

not measure any systematic biases in the data. Bias is the

difference, averaged over all possible samples of the same

size and design, between the estimate and the true value

being estimated.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX B B–1
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In the CFS as in other surveys nonsampling errors can

be attributed to many sources: (1) inability to obtain

information about all cases in the sample, (2) response

errors, (3) definitional difficulties, (4) differences in the

interpretation of questions, (5) mistakes in coding or

recoding the data obtained, and (6) other errors of collection, response, coverage, and estimation. These nonsampling errors also occur in complete censuses.

Some sources of error are specific to the CFS: (1) Some

respondents may have sampled incorrectly when selecting

a sample of their documents, (2) some reporters may have

used but not reported other units for their measurements—tons

instead of pounds, dollars instead of thousands of dollars,

etc., (3) on any shipment selected for sample, only the

major commodity (by weight) was reported; secondary

commodities within shipments were not recorded. Although

unlikely, this might lead to a net undercoverage of some

secondary commodities. These and other problems could

yield a bias of undetermined amount in certain estimates.

Another possible source of bias in estimating the number of shipments, value, shipment weight (tons), and

ton-miles is the imputation of missing data and for data

which fail edit. Any systematic error in the imputation

procedure can introduce bias into the estimates.

Although no direct measurement of the biases due to

nonsampling error has been obtained, precautionary steps

were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and

tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize their influence.

Biases in the published estimates are due in large part

to imputing data for nonrespondents and for data which fail

edit. The overall imputation rate for the survey was 30 to 40

percent.

B–2 APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table B–1. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

for State of Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

All modes 5.0 --------------------- – 17.0 – 4.7 – 21.4

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 16.9 ---- 1.3 21.9 – (S) (S) (S) Private truck 4.0 --------------------------- 2.2 9.6 3.7 5.9 1.3 4.1 For-hire truck 8.4 -------------------------- 1.9 46.1 6.3 6.1 2.1 9.7 Air 28.6 ------------------------------------ – 38.8 – (S) – (S)

Rail 13.7 ----------------------------------- .4 11.6 2.9 9.3 3.8 12.7 Inland water 43.5 --------------------------- .1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline (S) ------------------------------- (S) (S) .2 (S) (S) (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 25.2 ----------- .2 (S) .5 (S) (S) (S) Truck and air 49.7 --------------------------- .7 18.4 – 36.5 – 5.7 Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) 28.2 .3 39.3 .4 35.2

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water (D) ------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 9.0 -------------- .2 29.8 1.6 (S) (S) (S)

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

Table B–2. Measures of Reliability for Shipment

Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for State of

Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation

Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

Total 4.7 --------------------------------------------- – 21.4

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier, total (S) ------------------- (S) (S)

Truck, total------------------------------------------------ 4.5 3.0 7.2 Air, total -------------------------------------------------- 35.9 – 7.0 Rail, total ------------------------------------------------- 7.2 2.8 14.0 Inland water, total 41.0 ------------------------------------------ 3.3 (S)

Great Lakes, total 42.0 ------------------------------------------ – 26.0 Deep sea water, total (S) -------------------------------------- – (S)

Pipeline, total (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes, total 10.8 ---------------------------- .1 33.3

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–3
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Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Distance Shipped for State of Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

ALL MODES

Total 5.0 ---------------------------------------------- – 17.0 – 4.7 –

Less than 50 miles 4.1 ----------------------------------------- 1.2 29.9 5.3 9.4 .9

50 to 99 miles 9.3 --------------------------------------------- .6 26.0 3.7 28.5 2.2

100 to 249 miles 3.9 ------------------------------------------- 1.3 15.4 2.6 17.4 3.1

250 to 499 miles 5.5 ------------------------------------------- .7 9.1 1.6 8.7 3.5

500 to 749 miles 11.6 ------------------------------------------- .6 4.9 .1 4.7 .4

750 to 999 miles 10.3 ------------------------------------------- .2 34.4 .3 43.8 2.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles 12.7 ---------------------------------------- .4 (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles 27.0 ---------------------------------------- .3 18.2 – 17.6 .2

2,000 miles or more 26.1 ---------------------------------------- .8 15.7 – 16.3 .7

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 16.9 ------------------ – 21.9 – (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles 8.4 ----------------------------------------- 1.1 17.8 3.4 14.2 .2 50 to 99 miles 14.7 --------------------------------------------- .4 6.2 .9 5.6 .3 100 to 249 miles 11.9 ------------------------------------------- 3.0 6.4 2.7 6.0 1.7 250 to 499 miles 12.4 ------------------------------------------- 2.7 10.7 1.9 11.3 3.1 500 to 749 miles 17.7 ------------------------------------------- 1.0 14.2 1.1 14.2 2.6

750 to 999 miles 13.2 ------------------------------------------- .9 24.3 1.1 24.6 2.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles 31.1 ---------------------------------------- 1.5 22.9 1.2 22.4 2.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 4.0 ------------------------------------------ – 9.6 – 5.9 –

Less than 50 miles 4.5 ----------------------------------------- 1.9 11.5 2.1 6.6 2.5

50 to 99 miles 5.5 --------------------------------------------- .7 11.2 1.4 13.4 1.9

100 to 249 miles 9.1 ------------------------------------------- 1.6 9.1 1.0 8.8 1.7

250 to 499 miles 6.9 ------------------------------------------- .4 13.0 .3 13.3 1.4

500 to 749 miles 28.4 ------------------------------------------- .6 17.4 – 15.2 .5

750 to 999 miles 30.7 ------------------------------------------- .2 32.7 .1 31.4 .8

1,000 to 1,499 miles 26.3 ---------------------------------------- – 27.1 – 25.8 .3

1,500 to 1,999 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more 30.6 ---------------------------------------- .1 21.1 – 21.7 .5

For-hire truck 8.4 ----------------------------------------- – 46.1 – 6.1 –

Less than 50 miles 13.7 ----------------------------------------- 1.8 (S) (S) 27.1 1.5

50 to 99 miles 22.8 --------------------------------------------- 1.4 8.7 1.9 9.9 .5

100 to 249 miles 2.4 ------------------------------------------- 1.3 7.4 2.7 6.2 1.0

250 to 499 miles 7.3 ------------------------------------------- 1.1 7.6 1.9 8.6 1.1

500 to 749 miles 14.5 ------------------------------------------- 1.0 5.2 .6 5.3 .6

750 to 999 miles 10.7 ------------------------------------------- .4 10.7 .3 10.8 .7 1,000 to 1,499 miles 16.3 ---------------------------------------- .6 5.4 .2 5.5 .4 1,500 to 1,999 miles 37.5 ---------------------------------------- .3 23.7 – 24.7 .3 2,000 miles or more 13.5 ---------------------------------------- .5 9.4 .1 9.4 1.0

Air ---------------------------------------------------- 28.6 – 38.8 – 61.6 (S)

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles 100.0 --------------------------------------------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 (S)

100 to 249 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) 96.6 (S) 96.4 (S)

250 to 499 miles 46.9 ------------------------------------------- 7.3 45.2 7.8 44.7 6.2

500 to 749 miles 38.4 ------------------------------------------- 7.1 53.0 (S) 42.2 10.1

750 to 999 miles 87.7 ------------------------------------------- (S) 90.1 (S) 91.1 (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 70.3 (S) 67.7 (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 94.7 (S) 94.8 (S)

2,000 miles or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 67.5 (S) 79.1 (S)

Rail --------------------------------------------------- 13.7 – 11.6 – 9.3 –

Less than 50 miles 12.7 ----------------------------------------- 1.0 17.7 1.8 18.2 .3 50 to 99 miles 31.8 --------------------------------------------- 2.5 39.3 3.5 40.6 1.5 100 to 249 miles 20.2 ------------------------------------------- 3.3 30.7 5.7 29.8 4.5 250 to 499 miles 16.1 ------------------------------------------- 6.0 12.3 4.7 11.8 5.0 500 to 749 miles 21.4 ------------------------------------------- 1.3 18.9 .3 18.4 .7

750 to 999 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,000 to 1,499 miles 25.9 ---------------------------------------- .5 29.0 .2 29.6 .9

1,500 to 1,999 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 43.4 – 44.8 .1

2,000 miles or more (D) ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water 43.5 ------------------------------------------ – (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles (S) ----------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles 45.8 ------------------------------------------- 14.7 39.2 15.2 41.5 16.8

250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Great Lakes – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– – 50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Deep sea water – --------------------------------------- –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

B–4nn VIRGINIA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Distance Shipped for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Pipeline ----------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles (S) ----------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 25.2 ------------------------ – (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles 21.1 ----------------------------------------- 7.5 (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles 48.9 --------------------------------------------- 3.9 (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 61.8 (S)

500 to 749 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 68.7 (S)

750 to 999 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) .4 59.2 (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) .2 75.1 (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 100.0 – 100.0 (S)

2,000 miles or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 99.7 .1 99.7 (S)

Truck and air 49.7 ------------------------------------------ – 18.4 – 36.5 –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles 47.1 --------------------------------------------- .6 (S) (S) 60.3 (S)

100 to 249 miles 37.5 ------------------------------------------- 1.9 36.1 3.3 32.0 1.2

250 to 499 miles 28.1 ------------------------------------------- 3.9 25.4 7.6 27.6 6.1

500 to 749 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) 39.7 4.2 41.3 4.7

750 to 999 miles 33.1 ------------------------------------------- 3.1 27.7 2.1 29.3 2.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles 39.4 ---------------------------------------- 3.5 28.8 2.9 29.9 4.0

1,500 to 1,999 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 69.9 (S)

2,000 miles or more 45.6 ---------------------------------------- 5.3 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and rail (S) ----------------------------------------- (S) 28.2 – 39.3 –

Less than 50 miles 35.8 ----------------------------------------- 15.0 36.6 17.2 35.0 11.6

50 to 99 miles (D) --------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100 to 249 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

250 to 499 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

750 to 999 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,000 to 1,499 miles (D) ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,500 to 1,999 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more (D) ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Truck and water (S) --------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 68.8 (S)

Less than 50 miles 66.8 ----------------------------------------- (S) 97.2 (S) 96.7 (S) 50 to 99 miles 100.0 --------------------------------------------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 (S) 100 to 249 miles 75.2 ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 100.0 (S)

250 to 499 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 94.8 (S) 500 to 749 miles 91.3 ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 100.0 (S)

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles 100.0 ---------------------------------------- (S) 100.0 7.4 100.0 (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– – 2,000 miles or more 100.0 ---------------------------------------- (S) 100.0 3.1 100.0 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ------------------------------------- –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– – 50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– – 2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Rail and water (D) ----------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles (D) --------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100 to 249 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

250 to 499 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles (D) ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – -------------------------- –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–5
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Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Distance Shipped for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon.

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) ----------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– –

100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

250 to 499 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 9.0 ---------------------------- – 29.8 – (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles 11.1 ----------------------------------------- 4.8 34.6 9.6 47.2 10.2

50 to 99 miles 23.7 --------------------------------------------- 2.6 (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles 20.6 ------------------------------------------- 2.3 37.5 2.3 39.4 3.5

250 to 499 miles 25.1 ------------------------------------------- 2.7 28.0 2.3 30.5 8.5

500 to 749 miles 22.4 ------------------------------------------- 1.6 33.7 .1 33.6 1.5

750 to 999 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles 39.2 ---------------------------------------- 1.2 (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles 43.8 ---------------------------------------- .7 (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more 32.8 ---------------------------------------- 1.7 22.9 .6 22.1 3.9

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

B–6nn VIRGINIA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:41 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_4_51 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-16562872.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:30 UTF:TIPS93-16562872.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:30 META:TIPS96-16562872.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:39

Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Shipment Size for State of Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

ALL MODES

Total 5.0 -------------------------- – 17.0 – 4.7 – 21.4

Less than 50 lb 13.4 ------------------------ 1.1 18.8 – (S) .6 (S)

50 to 99 lb 16.8 ----------------------------- .6 6.3 – 6.1 – 8.4

100 to 499 lb 8.0 -------------------------- .5 9.1 .1 5.1 – 10.3

500 to 749 lb 7.1 -------------------------- .2 5.6 – 7.4 – 8.9

750 to 999 lb 15.6 -------------------------- .3 9.0 – 6.7 – 12.2

1,000 to 9,999 lb 8.4 ----------------------- 1.3 7.1 .4 9.7 .5 8.4

10,000 to 49,999 lb 6.9 --------------------- 1.2 8.2 4.2 5.0 2.5 8.3

50,000 to 99,999 lb 12.7 --------------------- .5 (S) (S) 10.8 .8 36.7

100,000 lb or more 10.9 --------------------- .5 13.5 4.6 9.9 3.7 10.6

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or

courier 16.9 ---------------------------- – 21.9 – (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb 19.2 ------------------------ 1.7 30.2 4.9 (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 lb 11.6 ----------------------------- .8 4.7 1.7 11.5 2.9 7.1

100 to 499 lb 12.7 -------------------------- 1.3 11.7 2.7 9.7 3.7 12.9

500 to 749 lb 24.9 -------------------------- .2 20.7 .5 19.6 .3 29.1

750 to 999 lb 24.3 -------------------------- .2 36.6 .9 26.0 .4 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Private truck 4.0 ---------------------- – 9.6 – 5.9 – 4.1

Less than 50 lb 8.8 ------------------------ .4 6.0 – 3.6 – 9.8 50 to 99 lb 6.1 ----------------------------- .1 7.2 – 5.3 – 5.4 100 to 499 lb 7.5 -------------------------- .7 7.9 .2 7.2 .1 7.8 500 to 749 lb 11.8 -------------------------- .4 6.3 .1 10.3 .1 5.9 750 to 999 lb 7.4 -------------------------- .1 9.2 .1 12.1 .1 14.7

1,000 to 9,999 lb 3.6 ----------------------- 1.2 8.8 .7 4.7 .6 4.3

10,000 to 49,999 lb 5.2 --------------------- .9 13.8 2.9 8.5 2.7 6.7

50,000 to 99,999 lb 16.8 --------------------- 1.0 9.1 2.4 11.8 2.1 10.0

100,000 lb or more 22.7 --------------------- .2 19.3 .6 14.9 .5 13.5

For-hire truck 8.4 --------------------- – 46.1 – 6.1 – 9.7

Less than 50 lb 14.7 ------------------------ .4 13.7 – 18.9 – 14.9

50 to 99 lb 41.7 ----------------------------- 1.2 13.7 – 12.6 – 9.3

100 to 499 lb 3.9 -------------------------- .5 6.0 .1 7.9 .1 6.9

500 to 749 lb 8.3 -------------------------- .2 12.6 .1 12.2 .1 5.5

750 to 999 lb 7.1 -------------------------- .2 12.0 – 9.0 – 7.6

1,000 to 9,999 lb 9.9 ----------------------- 1.7 4.3 .6 6.9 .9 5.5 10,000 to 49,999 lb 11.5 --------------------- 1.9 7.2 11.1 6.2 1.6 9.0 50,000 to 99,999 lb 29.6 --------------------- .8 (S) (S) 29.0 1.5 (S)

100,000 lb or more 15.2 --------------------- .1 39.5 1.1 24.2 .6 36.7

Air 28.6 -------------------------------- – 38.8 – (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb 43.2 ------------------------ 12.4 54.5 11.6 (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 lb (S) ----------------------------- (S) 41.4 10.4 33.4 11.7 24.1

100 to 499 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) 62.3 9.8 62.5 (S) (S)

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ----------------------- (S) 100.0 5.2 100.0 (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Rail 13.7 ------------------------------- – 11.6 – 9.3 – 12.7

Less than 50 lb (S) ------------------------ (S) 95.3 – 99.6 – (S) 50 to 99 lb 100.0 ----------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S) 100 to 499 lb 83.2 -------------------------- – 84.5 – 98.7 – (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) 100.0 – (S) – (S) 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 25.4 --------------------- 2.3 16.3 .1 20.4 .3 9.3

100,000 lb or more (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water 43.5 ---------------------- – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb 100.0 --------------------- – (S) (S) 100.0 – (S)

100,000 lb or more 43.5 --------------------- 10.5 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ----------------------- ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– – 50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------- ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–7
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:41 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_4_51 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-16562872.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:30 UTF:TIPS93-16562872.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:30 META:TIPS96-16562872.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:39

Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Shipment Size for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb 100.0 --------------------- .4 100.0 .1 100.0 .1 (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 100.0 --------------------- .1 100.0 .1 100.0 .1 (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 25.2 ---- – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb 38.4 ------------------------ .1 (S) (S) 61.0 .5 (S)

50 to 99 lb 31.3 ----------------------------- .4 39.0 .9 30.9 1.1 24.5

100 to 499 lb 35.8 -------------------------- 6.7 39.7 11.4 24.9 10.7 23.1

500 to 749 lb 42.8 -------------------------- 1.6 (S) (S) 47.0 1.3 30.0

750 to 999 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) 2.6 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 25.4 ----------------------- 8.9 24.8 13.0 30.8 10.6 45.8

10,000 to 49,999 lb 32.8 --------------------- 4.0 (S) (S) 47.5 7.1 29.3

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more 46.5 --------------------- .4 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and air 49.7 ---------------------- – 18.4 – 36.5 – 5.7

Less than 50 lb 23.1 ------------------------ 7.2 10.6 2.3 11.7 3.0 6.2

50 to 99 lb 21.7 ----------------------------- 3.0 22.1 2.0 25.3 2.0 13.4

100 to 499 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) 23.1 4.2 24.3 4.6 9.1

500 to 749 lb 26.2 -------------------------- 1.1 24.0 .9 23.4 1.1 13.7

750 to 999 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) 40.6 1.9 (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ----------------------- (S) 26.3 5.4 30.8 4.8 17.2

10,000 to 49,999 lb 37.8 --------------------- .6 43.7 6.7 43.7 4.8 24.5

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail (S) --------------------- (S) 28.2 – 39.3 – 35.2

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) 42.6 10.5 (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 39.4 --------------------- 8.9 37.3 10.2 35.8 7.0 24.0 100,000 lb or more (S) --------------------- (S) 35.5 11.4 38.5 10.9 (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb 100.0 ------------------------ 8.8 100.0 8.7 100.0 7.2 (S) 50 to 99 lb 96.6 ----------------------------- 9.1 96.3 7.6 98.0 6.0 (S) 100 to 499 lb 66.7 -------------------------- 1.8 77.5 3.1 96.3 5.5 (S) 500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) (S) 66.7 (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 100.0 --------------------- 4.6 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ----------------- ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– – 50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------ ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

B–8nn VIRGINIA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:41 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_4_51 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-16562872.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:30 UTF:TIPS93-16562872.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:30 META:TIPS96-16562872.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 16:56:39

Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Shipment Size for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) --------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 9.0 -------- – 29.8 – (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb 14.4 ------------------------ 2.1 22.4 .1 20.2 .1 35.8

50 to 99 lb 15.4 ----------------------------- .5 9.4 .1 28.5 – 35.3

100 to 499 lb 21.4 -------------------------- 1.9 21.6 .3 31.5 .3 39.8

500 to 749 lb 35.3 -------------------------- 1.3 48.0 .1 40.6 .2 31.5

750 to 999 lb 34.7 -------------------------- .6 (S) (S) 48.0 .2 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 7.2 ----------------------- 2.7 17.9 2.1 26.3 3.2 31.7

10,000 to 49,999 lb 17.6 --------------------- 4.1 40.1 7.9 18.6 14.3 (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 24.6 --------------------- .7 (S) (S) 36.1 2.8 (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) --------------------- (S) 39.3 11.4 (S) (S) (S)

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–9
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:02:43 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_5_51 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-17023248.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:02:34 UTF:TIPS93-17023248.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:02:34 META:TIPS96-17023248.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:02:41

Table B–5. Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity

for State of Origin: 1993

STCC

code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles

Average miles per

shipment

ALL COMMODITIES

Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.0 17.0 4.7 21.4

01 Farm products --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20.8 42.6 (S) (S)

08 Forest products -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37.4 33.8 (S) (S)

09 Fresh fish or other marine products -------------------------------------------------------- 41.8 31.4 22.1 8.5 10 Metallic ores----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) 49.8 49.2 35.7 11 Coal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19.8 48.8 9.3 (S)

13 Crude petroleum, natural gas, or gasoline--------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) 14 Nonmetallic minerals --------------------------------------------------------------------- 12.4 11.4 21.6 32.6 19 Ordnance or accessories ----------------------------------------------------------------- 36.4 27.8 33.0 13.0 20 Food or kindred products ----------------------------------------------------------------- 7.9 10.1 9.3 11.1 21 Tobacco products, excluding insecticides --------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D)

22 Textile mill products ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 9.5 11.6 12.6 14.1 23 Apparel or other finished textile products --------------------------------------------------- 7.2 6.3 18.7 18.0 24 Lumber or wood products, excluding furniture ----------------------------------------------- 7.7 12.0 4.9 13.5 25 Furniture or fixtures----------------------------------------------------------------------- 21.0 12.8 11.1 5.6 26 Pulp, paper, or allied products ------------------------------------------------------------- 4.7 8.7 7.6 13.1

27 Printed matter --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) –

28 Chemicals or allied products -------------------------------------------------------------- 7.0 16.2 15.6 21.5 29 Petroleum or coal products---------------------------------------------------------------- 17.6 12.3 16.1 32.1 30 Rubber or miscellaneous plastics products-------------------------------------------------- 11.1 10.9 13.0 24.4 31 Leather or leather products --------------------------------------------------------------- 39.7 40.1 42.1 17.2

32 Clay, concrete, glass, or stone products ---------------------------------------------------- 11.1 36.7 44.0 29.2 33 Primary metal products ------------------------------------------------------------------- 12.2 15.5 16.3 10.1 34 Fabricated metal products----------------------------------------------------------------- 6.3 7.9 11.9 13.6 35 Machinery, excluding electrical------------------------------------------------------------- 15.7 17.9 21.1 14.1 36 Electrical machinery, equipment, or supplies ------------------------------------------------ 14.5 18.2 43.0 22.1

37 Transportation equipment ----------------------------------------------------------------- 17.5 26.6 28.4 34.2 38 Instruments, photographic goods, optical goods, watches, or clocks 20.3 --------------------------- 15.1 17.6 15.0 39 Miscellaneous products of manufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 22.2 20.0 46.7 13.0 40 Waste or scrap materials ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14.7 19.9 25.0 26.0 41 Miscellaneous freight shipments ----------------------------------------------------------- 39.4 40.0 46.4 11.0

42 Containers, carriers or devices, shipping, returned empty 36.5 ------------------------------------- 39.3 43.8 22.1 48 Waste hazardous materials or waste hazardous substances (S) ---------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) m Commodity unknown --------------------------------------------------------------------- 44.0 40.8 45.0 23.2

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

B–10nn VIRGINIA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_51 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 UTF:TIPS93-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 META:TIPS96-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:25

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

ALL COMMODITIES

Total 5.0 -------------------------- – 17.0 – 4.7 – 21.4

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 16.9 ---- 1.3 21.9 – (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 4.0 --------------------------- 2.2 9.6 3.7 5.9 1.3 4.1

For-hire truck 8.4 -------------------------- 1.9 46.1 6.3 6.1 2.1 9.7

Air 28.6 ------------------------------------ – 38.8 – (S) – (S)

Rail 13.7 ----------------------------------- .4 11.6 2.9 9.3 3.8 12.7

Inland water 43.5 --------------------------- .1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline (S) ------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 25.2 ----------- .2 (S) (S) (S) .3 (S)

Truck and air 49.7 --------------------------- .7 18.4 – 36.5 – 5.7

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) 28.2 .3 39.3 .4 35.2

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water (D) ------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 9.0 -------------- .2 29.8 1.6 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 01, FARM PRODUCTS

Total 20.8 -------------------------- – 42.6 – (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (D) ---- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Private truck 8.3 --------------------------- 7.2 21.4 13.1 29.8 11.7 23.5

For-hire truck 15.8 -------------------------- 4.5 (S) (S) 30.5 17.2 38.8

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (D) ----------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) 4.3 (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air 100.0 --------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) 3.0 (S) Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water (D) ------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 08, FOREST PRODUCTS

Total 37.4 -------------------------- – 33.8 – (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ---- ––––– – Private truck 35.6 --------------------------- 12.5 (S) (S) 38.0 12.2 21.8 For-hire truck 44.0 -------------------------- 12.2 35.9 11.7 (S) (S) (S) Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–11
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_51 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 UTF:TIPS93-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 META:TIPS96-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:25

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 09, FRESH FISH OR OTHER

MARINE PRODUCTS

Total 41.8 -------------------------- – 31.4 – 22.1 – 8.5

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 92.6 ---- (S) 95.7 – 96.8 – (S)

Private truck 45.7 --------------------------- 5.2 31.1 7.9 36.3 10.6 17.7

For-hire truck 43.0 -------------------------- 5.1 47.2 8.2 34.1 11.3 40.3

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air 78.9 --------------------------- (S) 87.6 – 94.0 .1 (S)

Truck and rail 100.0 -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) 96.9 – 93.4 – (S)

STCC 10, METALLIC ORES

Total (S) -------------------------- (S) 49.8 – 49.2 – 35.7

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) 96.9 .1 99.9 .2 (S)

Private truck (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) 42.1 15.7 48.3 14.1 (S) Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – -------------- ––––– –

STCC 11, COAL

Total 19.8 -------------------------- – 48.8 – 9.3 – (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ---- ––––– –

Private truck 84.5 --------------------------- – (S) – 95.5 – (S)

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 12.8 ----------------------------------- 8.1 12.4 13.4 10.6 5.0 3.8

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail 38.7 -------------------------- .7 39.6 1.3 32.5 .3 (S) Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water 37.5 ------------------------- 3.9 37.7 3.7 40.7 5.3 21.8

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 29.7 -------------- 1.1 26.8 1.2 38.4 .4 (S)

B–12nn VIRGINIA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_51 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 UTF:TIPS93-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 META:TIPS96-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:25

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 13, CRUDE PETROLEUM,

NATURAL GAS, OR GASOLINE

Total (D) -------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ---- ––––– –

Private truck (D) --------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) -------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – -------------- ––––– –

STCC 14, NONMETALLIC

MINERALS

Total 12.4 -------------------------- – 11.4 – 21.6 – 32.6

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) (S) – (S) .3 (S)

Private truck 16.0 --------------------------- 6.1 23.0 7.1 25.9 4.5 12.2

For-hire truck 12.8 -------------------------- 4.6 15.7 4.8 29.8 6.4 27.6

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 37.2 ----------------------------------- 1.5 30.5 2.0 45.7 6.8 27.3

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .3 (S)

Truck and air 100.0 --------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) .2 (S) .4 (S)

Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – (S) – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water 100.0 ------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 39.8 -------------- 4.6 44.3 4.9 34.8 4.2 (S)

STCC 19, ORDNANCE OR

ACCESSORIES

Total 36.4 -------------------------- – 27.8 – 33.0 – 13.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 43.5 ---- 7.7 42.4 6.2 (S) (S) (S)

Private truck (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 49.4 9.6 33.2 For-hire truck 44.1 -------------------------- 12.7 32.6 10.9 36.6 12.2 21.9 Air (S) ------------------------------------ (S) 65.4 (S) 66.5 .4 (S)

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 .7 (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 .4 (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 48.1 .1 35.1 .9 31.3 Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 100.0 -------------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 – (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–13
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_51 PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 UTF:TIPS93-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 META:TIPS96-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:25

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 20, FOOD OR KINDRED

PRODUCTS

Total 7.9 -------------------------- – 10.1 – 9.3 – 11.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 33.9 ---- – 41.5 – 34.4 – 16.1

Private truck 10.7 --------------------------- 3.2 12.5 2.5 17.3 4.7 7.3

For-hire truck 9.2 -------------------------- 3.0 7.2 2.0 9.6 4.6 23.1

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 24.1 ----------------------------------- .4 22.2 .9 24.3 2.2 12.4

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- – (S) – 50.2 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- – (S) – (S) .5 (S)

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .2 (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 21, TOBACCO PRODUCTS,

EXCLUDING INSECTICIDES

Total (D) -------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (D) ---- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Private truck (D) --------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) -------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (D) ----------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 22, TEXTILE MILL

PRODUCTS

Total 9.5 -------------------------- – 11.6 – 12.6 – 14.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 19.7 ---- .4 17.2 .1 22.5 .3 10.4 Private truck 18.4 --------------------------- 5.2 18.7 4.2 22.2 4.0 45.8 For-hire truck 13.4 -------------------------- 5.7 15.8 4.5 14.3 3.6 8.6 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- – 60.6 – 73.5 – (S) Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) (S) (S) 36.9 .1 (S)

B–14nn VIRGINIA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_51 PAGE: 5

TSF:TIPS92-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 UTF:TIPS93-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 META:TIPS96-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:25

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 23, APPAREL OR OTHER

FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS

Total 7.2 -------------------------- – 6.3 – 18.7 – 18.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 28.4 ---- 5.8 31.1 4.3 (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 12.1 --------------------------- 2.5 15.0 4.5 19.4 4.2 19.7

For-hire truck 12.3 -------------------------- 5.7 13.8 6.3 22.8 7.1 7.7

Air 92.3 ------------------------------------ – 86.1 – 95.6 – (S)

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- – 99.7 – 100.0 .3 (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 34.9 ----------- 3.4 39.1 6.1 40.0 1.7 33.2

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 62.0 (S) (S) .3 (S)

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- .1 100.0 (S) (S) .5 (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 44.4 -------------- .7 40.1 .8 37.3 .7 (S)

STCC 24, LUMBER OR WOOD

PRODUCTS, EXCLUDING

FURNITURE

Total 7.7 -------------------------- – 12.0 – 4.9 – 13.5

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 23.1 ---- .2 21.5 – 27.6 – 11.5 Private truck 11.4 --------------------------- 3.0 14.7 3.8 11.5 3.6 5.3 For-hire truck 7.8 -------------------------- 2.6 12.0 2.7 8.8 3.4 10.2 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail 13.3 ----------------------------------- .4 39.1 2.2 17.6 1.9 47.8

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) – (S) .1 (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- .1 (S) – 93.5 – (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 24.0 -------------- .4 32.3 .1 24.4 .3 (S)

STCC 25, FURNITURE OR

FIXTURES

Total 21.0 -------------------------- – 12.8 – 11.1 – 5.6

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 26.3 ---- .5 28.9 .3 36.6 .6 13.2 Private truck 31.5 --------------------------- 5.0 22.1 3.6 19.1 1.8 14.9 For-hire truck 16.0 -------------------------- 4.7 11.1 3.7 12.3 2.8 2.8 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 100.0 ----------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S) Truck and air 35.9 --------------------------- – 46.3 – 65.0 – (S)

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .4 (S) Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 (S) 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 25.5 -------------- .2 26.9 .3 (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–15
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_51 PAGE: 6

TSF:TIPS92-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 UTF:TIPS93-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 META:TIPS96-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:25

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 26, PULP, PAPER, OR

ALLIED PRODUCTS

Total 4.7 -------------------------- – 8.7 – 7.6 – 13.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 21.4 ---- .7 20.6 – 16.2 .1 14.2

Private truck 10.5 --------------------------- 3.0 22.1 3.8 23.5 1.5 12.1

For-hire truck 7.7 -------------------------- 2.8 7.3 4.0 8.8 3.3 6.6

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 12.2 ----------------------------------- 1.1 20.1 2.1 13.8 3.4 11.5

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) – 96.2 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) – 49.0 – 17.2

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 34.3 -------------- .5 18.1 .1 37.6 .1 (S)

STCC 27, PRINTED MATTER

Total (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Private truck (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Air 99.9 ------------------------------------ – 99.7 – 99.8 – –

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

STCC 28, CHEMICALS OR ALLIED

PRODUCTS

Total 7.0 -------------------------- – 16.2 – 15.6 – 21.5

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 24.1 ---- 2.9 19.3 .1 41.2 .5 18.2 Private truck 12.9 --------------------------- 2.3 23.8 5.4 19.4 3.3 19.1 For-hire truck 12.4 -------------------------- 4.2 13.9 4.0 13.7 5.2 17.2 Air (S) ------------------------------------ (S) 84.2 – (S) – (S) Rail 48.6 ----------------------------------- 3.2 33.6 4.0 32.3 6.6 10.4

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline 49.3 ------------------------------- – 46.2 1.0 (S) .1 (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 72.9 ----------- – 67.1 – 84.7 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) – 54.9 – (S)

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- – (S) .1 (S) 1.2 (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) .3 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 34.9 -------------- .5 38.0 .5 (S) (S) (S)

B–16nn VIRGINIA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_51 PAGE: 7

TSF:TIPS92-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 UTF:TIPS93-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 META:TIPS96-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:25

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 29, PETROLEUM OR COAL

PRODUCTS

Total 17.6 -------------------------- – 12.3 – 16.1 – 32.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) (S) – (S) 1.2 (S)

Private truck 18.9 --------------------------- 5.9 19.0 5.6 14.6 9.2 9.4

For-hire truck 30.3 -------------------------- 4.2 16.4 3.8 19.5 3.1 18.4

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 42.0 ----------------------------------- 2.4 34.5 3.2 39.8 9.8 35.5

Inland water (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline (S) ------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and air 87.5 --------------------------- – 98.5 – 99.1 – (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water (S) ------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 47.6 -------------- .3 44.2 .2 (S) .2 (S)

STCC 30, RUBBER OR

MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS

PRODUCTS

Total 11.1 -------------------------- – 10.9 – 13.0 – 24.4

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 21.4 ---- 1.0 43.4 .7 (S) (S) (S) Private truck 18.3 --------------------------- 3.4 16.9 3.4 25.0 1.7 8.5 For-hire truck 11.2 -------------------------- 3.4 11.6 3.2 12.5 4.2 8.3 Air 100.0 ------------------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S) Rail 46.5 ----------------------------------- 2.3 46.5 1.8 48.8 2.2 26.3

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 44.6 ----------- .2 (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Truck and air 42.3 --------------------------- .1 29.3 – 28.0 .1 8.4

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 32.3 -------------- .8 44.9 1.3 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 31, LEATHER OR LEATHER

PRODUCTS

Total 39.7 -------------------------- – 40.1 – 42.1 – 17.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 38.2 ---- 9.7 42.8 10.1 34.5 9.4 24.4 Private truck 45.1 --------------------------- 6.0 46.4 6.3 68.8 (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 100.0 -------------- .2 100.0 .2 100.0 – (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–17
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:36 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;1243 5/ 30/ 96 16:30:51 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_51 PAGE: 8

TSF:TIPS92-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 UTF:TIPS93-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:10:54 META:TIPS96-17105157.DAT;1 6/ 3/ 96 17:11:25

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 32, CLAY, CONCRETE,

GLASS, OR STONE PRODUCTS

Total 11.1 -------------------------- – 36.7 – 44.0 – 29.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 44.4 ---- 4.9 28.4 – (S) 1.0 (S)

Private truck 23.0 --------------------------- 4.6 45.2 8.6 40.9 6.6 10.8

For-hire truck 12.6 -------------------------- 5.7 16.3 8.3 12.0 9.6 19.6

Air (S) ------------------------------------ .1 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Rail 36.3 ----------------------------------- .9 36.7 1.9 20.7 4.7 15.1

Inland water (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Truck and air 27.8 --------------------------- .1 (S) – (S) .1 (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) 48.5 .1 (S) .1 (S)

STCC 33, PRIMARY METAL

PRODUCTS

Total 12.2 -------------------------- – 15.5 – 16.3 – 10.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 16.8 ---- .3 16.3 .1 20.1 – 17.4

Private truck 16.5 --------------------------- 2.6 17.7 3.5 28.5 2.8 13.2

For-hire truck 12.3 -------------------------- 2.6 17.5 3.5 16.6 2.1 6.1

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 41.0 ----------------------------------- .2 43.0 1.3 41.5 1.7 24.5

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 65.0 – 65.6 – (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 38.2 -------------- .4 34.7 .2 (S) .4 (S)

STCC 34, FABRICATED METAL

PRODUCTS

Total 6.3 -------------------------- – 7.9 – 11.9 – 13.6

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 20.9 ---- 1.6 14.0 .2 19.4 .6 8.2 Private truck 10.7 --------------------------- 2.0 21.8 6.9 16.4 3.1 14.2 For-hire truck 7.5 -------------------------- 3.1 10.4 6.6 15.5 3.3 4.9 Air (S) ------------------------------------ – 97.2 – 98.6 – (S) Rail 66.7 ----------------------------------- – (S) (S) (S) .4 (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .2 (S) Truck and air 20.5 --------------------------- .1 39.1 – 38.7 .1 10.5 Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea 100.0 -------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 28.1 -------------- .5 25.9 .2 (S) (S) (S)

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Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 35, MACHINERY,

EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL

Total 15.7 -------------------------- – 17.9 – 21.1 – 14.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 22.4 ---- 3.5 18.3 1.3 31.4 2.6 12.2

Private truck 21.2 --------------------------- 3.1 14.6 4.0 40.9 1.6 27.5

For-hire truck 11.4 -------------------------- 5.5 23.2 4.2 22.2 4.3 10.0

Air 43.1 ------------------------------------ – 48.1 – 42.6 – 25.8

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 67.2 ----------- – 96.8 – 97.9 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 34.0 .2 37.4 .4 10.2

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 28.4 -------------- 1.2 40.4 1.4 36.2 1.3 46.7

STCC 36, ELECTRICAL

MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, OR

SUPPLIES

Total 14.5 -------------------------- – 18.2 – 43.0 – 22.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 27.5 ---- 4.8 50.0 3.1 (S) (S) (S) Private truck 18.6 --------------------------- 3.1 9.6 4.4 26.8 4.5 8.5 For-hire truck 15.2 -------------------------- 4.0 22.3 4.4 30.7 6.2 17.7 Air 43.8 ------------------------------------ .1 48.9 – 71.5 – (S) Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 97.6 ----------- – 68.4 – 67.4 – (S)

Truck and air 41.7 --------------------------- 3.0 28.3 .3 29.8 1.3 3.0

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 27.0 -------------- 1.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 37, TRANSPORTATION

EQUIPMENT

Total 17.5 -------------------------- – 26.6 – 28.4 – 34.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 44.0 ---- 5.8 27.4 .9 (S) (S) (S) Private truck 29.2 --------------------------- 6.9 39.4 6.0 39.1 3.4 15.7 For-hire truck 18.8 -------------------------- 3.5 19.7 6.7 19.7 8.4 12.8 Air (S) ------------------------------------ (S) 62.4 – 58.5 – (S) Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 100.0 ----------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 44.9 .2 45.8 .4 23.1

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 25.2 -------------- 1.0 31.0 .6 43.9 1.1 (S)

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Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 38, INSTRUMENTS,

PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS,

OPTICAL GOODS, WATCHES,

OR CLOCKS

Total 20.3 -------------------------- – 15.1 – 17.6 – 15.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 26.9 ---- 3.3 18.1 3.3 12.2 4.1 15.1 Private truck 23.2 --------------------------- 3.2 30.0 7.4 27.5 1.2 23.2 For-hire truck 23.9 -------------------------- 4.3 22.5 6.6 20.2 4.2 19.1 Air 100.0 ------------------------------------ – 99.3 – 97.5 – (S) Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air 28.4 --------------------------- .7 32.3 .2 36.7 .4 30.1

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 (S) 100.0 .5 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 40.4 -------------- .7 39.4 .3 44.3 .2 34.2

STCC 39, MISCELLANEOUS

PRODUCTS OF

MANUFACTURING

Total 22.2 -------------------------- – 20.0 – 46.7 – 13.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 28.3 ---- 8.7 43.5 9.3 (S) (S) (S) Private truck 34.0 --------------------------- 3.7 25.5 8.4 37.2 5.5 23.5 For-hire truck 22.1 -------------------------- 6.2 30.4 7.2 22.7 11.1 8.7 Air 100.0 ------------------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S) Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 100.0 ----------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and air 48.9 --------------------------- .1 45.9 – 57.2 – (S)

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) 100.0 (S) (S) .8 (S)

Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 44.1 -------------- .3 37.5 .7 35.6 .3 (S)

STCC 40, WASTE OR SCRAP

MATERIALS

Total 14.7 -------------------------- – 19.9 – 25.0 – 26.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) 100.0 .1 100.0 – (S)

Private truck 27.3 --------------------------- 3.1 38.5 7.1 34.0 2.7 15.6

For-hire truck 13.1 -------------------------- 5.9 18.0 6.1 14.7 9.0 12.8

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 32.2 ----------------------------------- 4.9 34.7 6.4 37.4 9.9 14.8

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 39.2 -------------- .4 46.9 .8 37.8 .1 (S)

B–20nn VIRGINIA APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 41, MISCELLANEOUS

FREIGHT SHIPMENTS

Total 39.4 -------------------------- – 40.0 – 46.4 – 11.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 48.5 ---- 13.5 35.6 4.5 39.1 9.8 13.8

Private truck 40.5 --------------------------- 19.9 40.2 16.3 48.6 18.5 24.6

For-hire truck 48.3 -------------------------- 12.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air 100.0 ------------------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- 2.1 86.2 1.9 90.8 2.2 (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 41.1 -------------- .1 46.9 – 84.7 – (S)

STCC 42, CONTAINERS,

CARRIERS OR DEVICES,

SHIPPING, RETURNED EMPTY

Total 36.5 -------------------------- – 39.3 – 43.8 – 22.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ---- ––––– –

Private truck 58.0 --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 71.7 (S) (S)

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) 40.2 17.2 47.7 18.0 24.6

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 100.0 -------------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 10.5 (S)

STCC 48, WASTE HAZARDOUS

MATERIALS OR WASTE

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

Total (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ---- ––––– –

Private truck (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 95.9 14.9 (S)

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – -------------- ––––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–21
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Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

COMMODITY UNKNOWN

Total 44.0 -------------------------- – 40.8 – 45.0 – 23.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 43.2 ---- 3.8 (S) (S) 44.3 8.7 19.5

Private truck 24.5 --------------------------- 12.7 (S) (S) 49.8 10.5 45.2

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 49.7 11.2 15.4

Air 100.0 ------------------------------------ (S) 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 100.0 ----------- (S) 100.0 .1 100.0 .1 (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 75.4 (S) 79.0 .4 (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 79.1 -------------- .4 74.4 .2 79.5 .1 (S)

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

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Table B–7. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by State of Destination for

State of Origin: 1993

State of Destination

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Total 5.0 ---------------------------------------------- – 17.0 – 4.7 –

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut ------------------------------------------------ 12.9 .1 13.0 – 13.7 – Maine ----------------------------------------------------- 43.5 .2 31.8 – 32.1 .1 Massachusetts 21.8 --------------------------------------------- .3 8.3 – 7.9 .1 New Hampshire 23.5 -------------------------------------------- .1 40.2 – 39.3 .1 Rhode Island 14.3 ----------------------------------------------- – 28.6 – 28.9 – Vermont --------------------------------------------------- 22.5 – 37.1 – 36.4 –

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey ------------------------------------------------ 10.6 .4 13.3 .1 13.7 .2 New York-------------------------------------------------- 9.3 .3 19.7 .1 20.5 .5 Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------- 6.1 .2 25.7 .8 29.2 1.6

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois ----------------------------------------------------- 26.5 .5 27.8 .3 26.7 .8 Indiana ---------------------------------------------------- 10.6 .1 40.2 .4 39.9 1.6 Michigan--------------------------------------------------- 11.4 .2 24.9 .2 21.8 .4 Ohio ------------------------------------------------------ 17.9 .4 22.7 .4 22.2 .8 Wisconsin ------------------------------------------------- 8.7 – 14.9 – 14.8 .1

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa ------------------------------------------------------ 20.3 – 38.2 – 44.4 .1 Kansas ---------------------------------------------------- 14.8 – 20.7 – 21.3 – Minnesota ------------------------------------------------- 19.4 .1 22.9 – 25.6 .1 Missouri --------------------------------------------------- 30.4 .2 16.4 – 16.7 .1 Nebraska -------------------------------------------------- 21.4 – 34.3 – 34.2 – North Dakota 42.6 ---------------------------------------------- – 34.8 – 35.7 – South Dakota 28.4 ---------------------------------------------- – 42.1 – 42.8 .3

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware -------------------------------------------------- 5.4 – 24.8 .1 (S) .2

District of Columbia 22.6 ----------------------------------------- .3 38.4 .3 36.0 .1 Florida ---------------------------------------------------- 15.6 .4 8.3 – 8.8 .1 Georgia --------------------------------------------------- 7.8 .2 27.1 .4 23.1 .9 Maryland -------------------------------------------------- 15.9 .9 23.5 .8 12.3 .2

North Carolina 5.5 --------------------------------------------- .6 16.2 1.2 16.1 1.3 South Carolina 8.9 --------------------------------------------- .1 10.7 .1 12.8 .2 Virginia ---------------------------------------------------- 4.5 1.0 23.4 3.2 10.0 2.9 West Virginia 22.6 ----------------------------------------------- .3 34.3 .8 30.9 .6

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama--------------------------------------------------- 29.5 .2 20.2 .1 16.9 .3

Kentucky -------------------------------------------------- 32.5 .4 (S) (S) 28.9 .3

Mississippi ------------------------------------------------- 19.0 .1 11.3 – 12.6 –

Tennessee------------------------------------------------- 8.6 .2 12.8 .3 13.2 .2

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas -------------------------------------------------- 14.8 .1 15.0 – 14.7 .1

Louisiana -------------------------------------------------- 36.7 .2 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Oklahoma ------------------------------------------------- 18.9 .1 26.7 – 26.2 –

Texas ----------------------------------------------------- 13.1 .3 (S) (S) (S) (S)

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona---------------------------------------------------- 42.9 .2 32.8 – 36.6 .1

Colorado -------------------------------------------------- 24.5 .1 31.7 – 32.1 .1

Idaho ----------------------------------------------------- 42.1 – 33.4 – 34.5 –

Montana--------------------------------------------------- 31.8 – 42.2 – 42.7 –

Nevada---------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 24.6 – 27.4 –

New Mexico ----------------------------------------------- 34.4 – 40.8 – 45.4 –

Utah ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) 42.1 – 43.8 .1

Wyoming -------------------------------------------------- 22.9 – 35.1 – 36.6 –

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska ---------------------------------------------------- 41.0 – (S) – (S) –

California -------------------------------------------------- 26.9 .7 17.1 – 17.4 .6

Hawaii----------------------------------------------------- 35.3 – 35.2 – 35.2 –

Oregon ---------------------------------------------------- 10.5 – 21.8 – 22.0 .1

Washington ------------------------------------------------ 36.3 .1 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY VIRGINIA APPENDIX BnnB–23
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Appendix C.

Sample Design, Survey Methodology, and Estimation

SAMPLE DESIGN

The sample for the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is a

stratified three-stage probability design where the firststage sample units are establishments, the second-stage

units are 2-week periods of 1993, and the third-stage units

are shipments. In a probability sample, (1) there are

distinct samples that can be selected, (2) each sample has

a known probability of selection, and (3) one of the distinct

samples is chosen.

In the first stage, approximately 200,000 domestic establishments were selected from a universe of 800,000 establishments engaged in mining, manufacturing, wholesale,

and selected retail and service activities, as well as

auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses) of multiestablishment companies. Establishments classified in farming, forestry, fishing, oil and gas extraction, government, construction, or

transportation, and most establishments in retail and services are not covered by the CFS.

Establishments were selected from the 1992 Standard

Statistical Establishment List (SSEL) of business establishments with paid employees. The SSEL, maintained by the

Bureau of the Census, is a central multipurpose computerized name and address file of all known multiestablishment firms, and single-establishment employer firms. Establishments having 1991 payroll and classified in the kinds of

business of interest to the survey were eligible for selection.

The establishments in the survey universe were stratified by Standard Industrial Classification1 (SIC), National

Transportation Analysis Region (NTAR), and Type of Operation Code (TOC). (The Department of Transportation (DOT)

developed the NTAR’s to create geographic regions that

could be used in conjunction with other DOT data to

measure and analyze nationwide patterns of transportation

demands and activities.) Within each stratum (1) the

establishments were divided into certainty and noncertainty establishments based on employment size, (2) certainties (typically large firms) were automatically selected,

and (3) a sample of noncertainty establishments was

selected with probability proportional to estimated size,

where the measure of size was based on annual payroll.

The manner in which the sample was selected ensured

that, if an establishment was twice as large as another

establishment, it would typically have twice the chance of

being selected. The final sample contained 106,362 certainty establishments and 90,814 noncertainty establishments.

In the second stage, establishments selected for the

CFS were asked to report for a predetermined 2-week

period in each of the four quarters of calendar year 1993.

Entire 2-week periods were used to reduce the effect of

any daily or weekly bias. Each week of the quarter began

a different 2-week reporting period, resulting in 13 possible

reporting periods originating in the first quarter. Each

sampled establishment was randomly assigned one of

these thirteen 2-week reporting periods in the first quarter.

To avoid potential quarterly cycles, reporting periods in

subsequent quarters were assigned so that an establishment did not report at the same time each quarter. In all,

responses were obtained for 8 out of 52 weeks during

1993.

In the third stage of sampling, for each of the 2-week

periods determined in the second stage, a reporting establishment selected a systematic sample of its shipments

from its files. The questionnaire provided sampling instructions that typically resulted in a sample of between 20 and

50 shipments being selected each quarter.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

The 1993 CommodityFlowSurvey(CFS)is an establishmentbased shipper survey that used mailout/ mailback data

collection. Respondents were asked to select a sample of

their outbound shipments and to report, for each sampled

shipment, the major commodity, weight, value, transportation mode(s), origin, destination, and indicators of whether

the shipment was an export, hazardous material, or containerized. For exports we also collected the mode of

export and city and country of destination. For multicommodity shipments, the respondents were instructed to

report the commodity that made up the greatest percentage of the shipment’s weight.

Two report forms were used for the survey—the

CFS-1000 (the primary questionnaire) and the CFS-2000,

which was sent in the fourth quarter to a subsample of

establishments. The CFS-2000 contained additional questions about the establishment’s transportation equipment

and access to shipping facilities. See appendix E for

sample questionnaires.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

D.C 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX C C–1
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 2 SESS: 9 OUTPUT: Thu Feb 29 13:59:48 1996 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ tc92cf/ 0/ 14apdxc

ESTIMATION

Estimates in this survey are derived from weighted

shipment data and are then adjusted using several factors

to account for nonresponse, undercoverage, and response

errors. Selected establishments reported for a sample of

their shipments. We weighted these shipments to represent the establishment’s shipments for the year. Each

establishment’s data were then weighted by the inverse of

the establishment’s probability of being selected into the

sample, which allows data from selected establishments to

represent nonselected establishments. We also used results

from the economic census of Mineral Industries, Manufactures, Wholesale, Retail, and Service to construct adjustment factors at the establishment level and at the SIC

level. We adjusted individual establishments to the Census

to correct for sampling error and nonsampling error in the

selection of shipments within the establishment. We performed the SIC-level adjustment to correct for sampling

error in the selection of establishments and to account for

undercoverage and establishment nonresponse.

C–2 APPENDIX C TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 14 OUTPUT: Thu Feb 29 13:59:56 1996 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ tc92cf/ 0/ 14apdxd

Appendix D.

Standard Transportation Commodity Classification Code

Information

The commodities shown in this report are classified in

accordance with the Standard Transportation Commodity

Classification (STCC) system, published by the Association of American Railroads.1

We provided respondents with a listing of STCC codes

and descriptions at the five-digit level to use in assigning a

commodity code for each shipment. For shipments of

more than one commodity, we instructed respondents to

use the five-digit code for the major commodity, defined as

the commodity of greatest total weight in the shipment.

For this report, we aggregated the STCC codes to the

two-digit level.

The following provides a description of each STCC code

presented in this report.

STCC

code Commodity description STCCcode Commodity description

01 Farm products 30 Rubber or miscellaneous plastics products

08 Forest products 31 Leather or leather products

09 Fresh fish 32 Clay, concrete, glass, or stone products

33 Primary metal products

10 Metallic ores 34 Fabricated metal products

11 Coal 35 Machinery, excluding electrical

13 Crude petroleum, natural gas or gasoline 36 Electrical machinery, equipment, or supplies

14 Nonmetallic ores, minerals, excluding fuels 37 Transportation equipment

19 Ordnance or accessories 38 Instruments, photographic goods, optical

goods, watches, or clocks

20 Food and kindred products 39 Miscellaneous products of manufacturing

21 Tobacco products, excluding insecticides

22 Textile mill products 40 Waste or scrap materials not identified by

23 Apparel or other finished textile products or producing industry

knit apparel 41 Miscellaneous freight shipments

24 Lumber or wood products, excluding furniture 42 Containers, carriers or devices, shipping,

25 Furniture or fixtures returned empty

26 Pulp, paper, or allied products 48 Waste hazardous materials or waste

27 Printed matter hazardous substances

28 Chemicals or allied products

29 Petroleum or coal products -- Commodity unknown

1

For additional information on the STCC system, contact: STCC

Technical Committee, c/ o Committee Secretary, Association of American

Railroads, 50 F Street, NW, Room 5603, Washington, DC 20001-1564.

Telephone number 202-639-2332; fax number 202-639-2312.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX D D–1
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 13 OUTPUT: Thu Feb 29 14:00:04 1996 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ tc92cf/ 0/ 14apdxe

Appendix E.

Sample Report Forms and Instructions

The sample report forms and instructions are shown on the following pages.

Note: The CFS-2000 was sent to a subsample of establishments to obtain additional information

about the use of transportation equipment and facilities.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–1
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–2U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS FORM (9-2-92)CFS-1000 YOUR RESPONSE IS REQUIRED BY LAW. Title 13, United States Code, requires businesses and other organizations that receive this questionnaire to answer the questions and return the report to the Census Bureau. By the same law, YOUR CENSUS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL. It may be seen only by Census Bureau employees and may be used only for statistical purposes. Further, copies retained in respondents’ files are immune from legal process. Item A Is this establishment’s physical location the same as the address shown in the label? OM

CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION FOR ASSISTANCE IN COMPLETING THIS FORM, CALL 1-800-528-3049(Please correct any error in name, address, a

BU

120

Jef

ESTABLISHMENT NAMEPlease read the accompanying instructions before completing this questionnaire. The sampling instructions beginnin

page 2 of the questionnaire describe how to take a sample of your outbound shipments covering the two-week p

shown above. You should use your sales invoices, bills of lading, and any other file of shipping documents which represents your total outbound shipments (or deliveries). PHYSICAL LOCATION (PO boxes or rural routes are not physical locations.) 12 In operation Item C Item D ORIGIN OF SHIPMENTS During the two-week period, did any of your shipments 

from locations other than this physical location? No — Skip to Item E on page 2. Enter an "A" as the 

code in column (k) of item F for all shipment

Yes — Enter the City, State, and ZIP Code of these 

Origin code City 

ABCD Location in mailing address or in Ite

Does your Census File Number (CFN) shown in 

begin with a "0" (zero)? Yes — Include shipments from those other lo

appropriate origin code (A, B, C, or D) 

all shipments selected. Now skip to Ite

No — Do any of these other locations keep th

Yes — Omit shipments from these other 

own records from your sampling

No — Include shipments from these oth

and place the appropriate origin c

of item F for all shipments selecte

1 Yes 2 No — Enter physical location below. Number and street City, town, village, etc. State ZIP Code Month/Day/Year 12 

12 12 

RETURN TO Item F, Shipment Characteristics — Beginning on page 2, provide the information requested for each of your sam

shipments. If book figures are not available for weight, value, etc., please provide an estimate. Item B OPERATIONAL STATUS OF ESTABLISHMENT — Mark (X) the ONE box which best describes this establishment during the 2-week period shown above. Is the establishment name shown in the mailing address correct? 1 Yes 2 No — Enter correct name. INSTRUCTIONS 3 Ceased operation — Give date Temporarily or seasonally inactive 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Page 2 FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92)

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS

1. Enter your total number

of shipments for the 2-week

period.

If your total number of shipments is 40 or less,

provide data for every shipment during the 2-week

period in Item F. If the number of shipments is 41 or

more, continue with steps 4 and 5 to select the

shipments to report.

2. Find the range in column (1) at right that includes the

number entered in 1 above. Put an (X) in column (2)

beside it.

3.

Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description(Largest weight)

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

NOTE — Remove any voided invoices, credit

memoranda, etc. from the files, if possible, before

estimating the total number of shipments.

Item E SOURCE DOCUMENT

Please mark (X) the main document that you

will use to obtain the requested information.

1 Sales invoices

2 Bills of lading

CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE. —

Number of

shipments

Mark (X) one

(2)

"Take every" number

(3)

Expected

sample size

(1) (4)

0–40

41—100

101—200

201—400

401—800

801—1600

2

5

10

20

40

Call Census

1–800–528–3049

1–40

20—50

20—40

20—40

20—40

20—40

Select every shipment

1601 or

more

3 Other — Specify

Continued
E–4 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92) Page 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 4.

If 176 is entered in 1, mark (X) the third row of the

table. The "Take every" number is 5. Begin counting

with the first shipment in the file and select the 5th

5. Sample validation — After sample selection is done,

compare the number of selected shipments to the

expected sample size in column (4). If the number of

selected shipments is above or below the range,

recheck the sample selection.

EXAMPLE:

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS — Continued

Hazardous

material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

8 — Air 0 — Unknown

4. Note the "Take every" number in column (3) next to

the "X" you marked in column (2). Beginning with the

first shipment in the file for the period, count the

shipments until you reach the "Take every" number.

Select that shipment as the first one to report on in

item F.

Continuing with the next shipment, begin counting

from 1 until you reach the "Take every" number again.

Select that shipment. Continue this process until you

reach the end of the file.

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

7 — Pipeline 9 — Other mode

NOTE – If your sample of shipments includes any

voided invoices, credit memoranda, etc., write "VOID"

in column (b) for that shipment. Leave the rest of the

line blank.

shipment to report in Item F. Now beginning with the

6th shipment, count off 5 more, and select the 10th

shipment. Resume counting with the 11th and select

the 15th, 20th shipment, etc. until you reach the end of

the file. You will have selected 35 shipments to report

on in Item F.
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–5 Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description(Largest weight)

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

36

37

38

39

40

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Page 4 FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92)

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Continued
E–6 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

Line No.

FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92) Page 5

(p)

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 6.
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–7

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Page 6 FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92)

REMARKS Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description(Largest weight)

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Name of person to contact regarding this report – Please print Telephone number – Include area code

Item G CERTIFICATION

Continued

Signature Title

Date
E–8 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92) Page 7 Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING YOUR REPORT
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–9 Item D U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS FORM (7-7-93)CFS-2000 YOUR RESPONSE IS REQUIRED BY LAW. Title 13, United States Code, requires businesses and other organizations that receive this questionnaire to answer the questions and return the report to the Census Bureau. By the same law, YOUR CENSUS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL. It may be seen only by Census Bureau employees and may be used only for statistical purposes. Further, copies retained in respondents’ files are immune from legal process. Item A Is this establishment’s physical location the same as the address shown in the label? OM

CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION FOR ASSISTANCE IN COMPLETING THIS FORM, CALL 1-800-528-3049(Please correct any error in name, address, a

BU

12

Jef

ESTABLISHMENT NAME NOTE NEW ITEMS: G, H, I, and J on pages 6 – 8. PHYSICAL LOCATION (PO boxes or rural routes are not physical locations.)

1

2

In operation

Item C

ORIGIN OF SHIPMENTS

During the two-week period, did any of your ship

originate from locations other than this physical 

No — Skip to Item E on page 2. Enter an "A" as the 

code in column (k) of item F for all shipment

Yes — Enter the City, State, and ZIP Code of these 

Origin code City 

A

B

C

D

Location in mailing address or in Ite

Does your Census File Number (CFN) shown in 

begin with a "0" (zero)?

Yes — Include shipments from those other lo

appropriate origin code (A, B, C, or D) 

all shipments selected. Now skip to Ite

No — Do any of these other locations keep th

Yes — Omit shipments from these other 

own records from your sampling

No — Include shipments from these oth

and place the appropriate origin c

of item F for all shipments selecte

1 Yes 2 No — Enter physical location below.

Number and street

City, town, village, etc. State ZIP Code

Month/Day/Year

12

12

12

RETURN

TO

Item B OPERATIONAL STATUS OF ESTABLISHMENT — Mark (X) the ONE box 

which best describes this establishment during the 2-week period shown above.

Is the establishment name shown in the mailing address correct?1 Yes 2 No — Enter correct name.

INSTRUCTIONS

3 Ceased operation — Give date

Temporarily or

seasonally inactive

1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Please complete these items even if you have no shipments to report during

the two-week reporting period.
E–10 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Page 2 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93)

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS

1. Enter your total number

of shipments for the 2-week

period.

If your total number of shipments is 40 or less,

provide data for every shipment during the 2-week

period in Item F. If the number of shipments is 41 or

more, continue with steps 4 and 5 to select the

shipments to report.

2. Find the range in column (1) at right that includes the

number entered in 1 above. Put an (X) in column (2)

beside it.

3.

Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

NOTE — Remove any voided invoices, credit

memoranda, etc. from the files, if possible, before

estimating the total number of shipments.

Item E SOURCE DOCUMENT

Please mark (X) the main document that you

will use to obtain the requested information.

1 Sales invoices

2 Bills of lading

CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE. —

Number of

shipments

Mark (X) one

(2)

"Take every" number

(3)

Expected

sample size

(1) (4)

0–40

41—100

101—200

201—400

401—800

801—1600

2

5

10

20

40

Call Census

1–800–528–3049

1–40

20—50

20—40

20—40

20—40

20—40

Select every shipment

1601 or

more

3 Other — Specify

Continued
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–11

FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Page 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 4.

If 176 is entered in 1, mark (X) the third row of the

table. The "Take every" number is 5. Begin counting

with the first shipment in the file and select the 5th

5. Sample validation — After sample selection is done,

compare the number of selected shipments to the

expected sample size in column (4). If the number of

selected shipments is above or below the range,

recheck the sample selection.

EXAMPLE:

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS — Continued

Hazardous

material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

8 — Air 0 — Unknown

4. Note the "Take every" number in column (3) next to

the "X" you marked in column (2). Beginning with the

first shipment in the file for the period, count the

shipments until you reach the "Take every" number.

Select that shipment as the first one to report on in

item F.

Continuing with the next shipment, begin counting

from 1 until you reach the "Take every" number again.

Select that shipment. Continue this process until you

reach the end of the file.

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

7 — Pipeline 9 — Other mode

NOTE – If your sample of shipments includes any

voided invoices, credit memoranda, etc., write "VOID"

in column (b) for that shipment. Leave the rest of the

line blank.

shipment to report in Item F. Now beginning with the

6th shipment, count off 5 more, and select the 10th

shipment. Resume counting with the 11th and select

the 15th, 20th shipment, etc. until you reach the end of

the file. You will have selected 35 shipments to report

on in Item F.
E–12 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

36

37

38

39

40

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Page 4 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93)

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Continued
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–13 Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

Line No.

FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Page 5

(p)

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 6.
E–14 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Page 6 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Item G AVAILABILITY AND USE OF ON-SITE SHIPPING FACILITIES

Continued

In column (b), mark "Yes" or "No" for each type of shipping facility to indicate whether or not this type of facility

existed on-site during 1993. For each "Yes" in column (b), mark "Yes" or "No" in column (c) to indicate whether or

not you used the facility on your premises for outbound shipments during 1993.

Type of shipping facility

(a)

Was a shipping facility of this type

on your premises during 1993?

Did you use this facility on your

premises for outbound shipments

during 1993?

1. Rail siding

Waterway dock, Great Lakes

Waterway dock, inland water

Airport/landing strip capable of

handling your shipments

Pipeline terminal

Yes

No

(b) (c)

2.

3.

5.

6.

Yes

No

4. Waterway dock, deep sea water

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–15

FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Page 7 Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

Item H USE OF OFF-SITE SHIPPING FACILITIES

In column (b), mark "Yes" or "No" for each type of shipping facility to indicate whether or not you used an off-site

facility of that type for outbound shipments during 1993. For those marked "Yes", enter the miles to that off-site

facility in column (c), and the mode of transport used to reach that facility in column (d). The modes are listed below.

Type of shipping facility

(a)

Did you use this type of off-site facility for outbound

shipments during 1993?

Distance to the off-site facility of this

type that you used most in 1993

1. Rail siding

Waterway dock, 

Great Lakes

Waterway dock, 

inland water

Airport/landing strip 

capable of handling 

your shipments

Pipeline terminal

Yes

No

(b) (c)

2.

3.

5.

6.

Waterway dock, 

deep sea water

4.

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

(Report in miles - estimates are

acceptable)

Mode of transport used 

to reach that facility

(d)

(Enter a code from the 

list below)

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 8.

1 – Trailer on Flat Car (TOFC)

2 – Private Truck

3 – For-Hire Truck

4 – Rail

7 – Air 

8 – Other

5 – Water

6 – Pipeline

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2
E–16 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Page 8 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93)

Item I USE AND AVAILABILITY OF TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

During 1993, did this location use any of the following types of equipment for outbound shipments? Please check yes or no. For each

equipment type in Item 1 below enter the approximate percentage of your total outbound rail shipments that used that type of rail

car. These percentages should add to 100%. If you had no rail shipments, leave the percentages blank.

Equipment

(a)

Was this type of equipment

used for outbound shipments

during 1993?

Percentage of total 

rail shipments

1. Rail cars that:

Your company owned/leased

Trucks with 6 or more tires or

truck-tractors that:

Aircraft that your company owned or leased

Barges that your company owned or leased

Yes

No

(b) (c)

a.

2.

4.

5.

3. Truck trailers that your company owned or leased

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

b. A common carrier owned/leased

c. Another party owned/leased (e.g. receiver)

a. Your company owned

b. Your company leased, with driver

c. Your company leased, without driver

6. Other equipment that your company owned or leased – Specify

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Item J

During 1993, who generally decided on the mode of transportation for your outbound shipments? Mark (X) appropriate box.

Your company Receiver of shipment Other

Remarks

Name of person to contact regarding this report – Please print

Signature

Telephone number – Include area code Date

Title

Item K CERTIFICATION

TRANSPORTATION DECISIONS

12 3

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–17
E–18 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–19
E–20 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY