M

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

U S. Department of Commerce

Washington, D C. 20234

March 1980

Final Report

Sponsored by the:

j- 100

U56

80-1977

1980

Office of Policy Development and Research

.jspartment of Housing and Urban Development

ashington, D.C. 20410
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NATIONAJ. »UK£AII

Of MAWSASDS

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NOV 2 4 1980

NBSIR 80-1977

^ *1 FORECASTING LEAD PAINT

ABATEMENT COSTS: A

COMPUTERIZED APPROACH

Robert E. Chapman and Kimberly A. Barnes

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

U.S. Department of Commerce

Washington, D.C. 20234

March 1980

Final Report

Sponsored by the: Office of Policy Development and Research

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Washington, D.C. 20410

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary

Luther H. Hodges, Jr., Deputy Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

PREFACE

This research was conducted under the sponsorship of the Department of

Housing and Urban Development by the Applied Economics Group, of the Center

for Building Technology, at the National Engineering Laboratory, National

Bureau of Standards. This report provides public and private decision makers

with a computerized procedure for estimating the costs of lead-based paint

abatement. This procedure is based on lead -based paint abatement cost figures

collected during an extensive field test program in which lead-based paint

hazard abatement activities were carried out in approximately 200 dwelling

units

.

Appreciation is extended to Dr. Harold. E. Marshall, Applied Economics

Group, and Dr. John S. McConnaughey , formerly with the Applied Economics

Group, who reviewed the economic aspects of this paper. Appreciation is

also extended to Mssrs. William G. Hall, Center for Applied Mathematics, and

A. Philip Cramp and David Waksman, Center for Building Technology, for

their many helpful comments concerning the treatment of certain technical

issues presented in the paper. Special appreciation is extended to Dr.

Joseph G. Kowalski, formerly with the Applied Economics Group, whose

stimulating discussions provided guidance and encouragement throughout

this effort.

iii
ABSTRACT

This report describes a computerized procedure for estimating the

cost of eliminating the lead-based paint hazard from buildings. This

procedure is based on the results of an extensive field test program

in which lead -based paint hazard abatement activities were carried out

in approximately 200 dwelling units in three cities. The computerized

cost estimation procedure which emerged is particularly useful because it

takes into consideration both variations in the condition of the dwelling

unit as well as in the prices for labor and materials. As a result, it

permits the least costly abatement technique to be identified under a wide variety of circumstances. In addition, when contract cost estimates

are desired, the computer program groups dwelling units together into

contracts in such a way that the sum of the expected bid prices is

minimized

This report is intended to serve as a user's manual for local

programs concerned with the problem of estimating lead-based paint

abatement costs. Specific cases with respect to the preparation of

cost estimates for individual dwelling units or of budget estimates

for program managers, policy makers, or other decision makers, are treated

Keywords: Applied economics; building economics; building materials;

economic analysis; housing; lead-based paint; lead poisoning.

iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE iii

ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF DIAGRAMS vii

LIST OF TABLES vii

SI CONVERSION UNITS viii

1 . INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope and Approach 2

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM 3

2.1 What the Computer Program Does 4

2.2 Requirements of the Computer Program 7

2.2.1 Data Needs 7 2.2.2 Obtaining the Necessary Data 10

2.3 Contract Cost Estimates 11

2.3.1 Determining the Least-Cost Abatement

Technique 11

2.3.2 Estimating Contract Markup and Forming Contract

Packages 13

2.3.3 Determining the Final Abatement Techiques and

Printing Out Results 14

2.4 Program Cost Estimates 15

3. ACCESSING THE COMPUTER PROGRAM 19

3.1 Introduction to FACTS 19

3.2 Running the FACTS Program 20

3.3 How to Interpret the Computer Output 26

4. SUMMARY 29

APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF ABATEMENT TECHNIQUES 30

A.l Barrier Materials 30

A. 1.1 Gypsum Wallboard 30

A. 1.2 Plywood Paneling 31

A. 1.3 Cementitious Coating 31

V
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)

Page

A. 1.4 Gypsum Veneer Plaster 31

A. 1.5 Vinyl-Coated Fabric 31

A. 1.6 Cement-Coated Fiberglass 32

A. 1.7 Melamine Coated Hardboard 32

A. 1.8 Aggregate Filled Paint 32

A. 1.9 Gypsum Plaster with Metal Lath 32

A. 1.10 Gypsum Impregnated Jute Fabric 33

A. 1.11 Plywood on Floors 33

A. 2 Paint Removal Methods 34

A. 2.1 Infra-Red Heating Device 34

A. 2. 2 Solvent-Based Paint Remover 34

A. 2. 3 Electrical Heat Gun 35

A. 2. 4 Hand Scraping 35

A. 2. 5 Propane Torch 35

A. 2. 6 Dip Tank Method 35

A. 3 Replacement of Components 36

APPENDIX B REFERENCING THE FACTS LIBRARY 37

APPENDIX C SAMPLE COMPUTER RUNS 45

C.l Forecasting Abatement Costs for an Individual E>welllng 45

Unit or Contract

C.2 Forecasting Abatement Costs for a Major Program .... 59

APPENDIX D LISTING OF COMPUTER PROGRAM 62

REFERENCES 78

Vi
LIST OF DIAGRAMS

Diagram Page

2.1 Flowchart for Computer Time -Sharing Program ... 5

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

2.1 Wage and Material Price Data 8

2.2 Input Data Requirements 12

2.3 Number of Dwelling Units by Type/Age Category . . 16

2.4 Dwelling Unit Data Form for Making Cost

Estimates at the Program Level 18

3.1 Wage and Material Price Data 22

3.2 Dwelling Unit Data Form 23

vii
Most Common SI Units and their Equivalent Values in Customary Units

QUANTITY INTERNAITONAL (SI) UNIT U.S. CUSTOMARY UNIT APPROXIMATE CONVERSION

L£KCTH meter (m) foot (ft) 1 m = 3.2808 ft millimeter (mm) inch (in) 1 mm = 0.039A in

AREA square meter (m^)

0 square yard (yd^) 1 m2 = 1.1960 yd^ square foot (ft^) 1 m^ = 10.764 ft2 square millimeter (mm^) square inch (In^) 1 mm^ = 1.5500 X 10"3i

VOLUME cubic meter (m^) cubic yard (yd^) 1 m3 = 1.3080 yd^ cubic foot (ft^) I m^ = 25.315 ft3 cubic millimeter (oim^) cubic inch (in^) 1 mm^ = 61.024 X 10”*i

CAPACITY liter (L) gallon (gal) 1 L = 0.2642 gal sllliliter (oL) fluid ounce (ft oz) 1 mL = 0.0338 fl OZ

VELOCITY, SPEED meter per second (m/s) foot per second (ft/s or f.p.s.) 1 m/s = 3.2808 ft/s kilometer per hour (km/h) mile per hour (mile/h or m.p.h.) 1 km/h = 0.6214 mile/h

ACCELERATION meter per second squared (m/s^) foot per second squared (ft/s^) 1 m/s^ = 3.2808 ft/s2

MASS metric ton (t) [1000 kg] short ton [2000 lb] 1 t = 1.1023 ton kilogram (kg) pound (lb) 1 kg = 2.2046 lb gram (g) ounce (oz) 1 8 = 0.0353 OZ

DENSITY metric ton per cubic meter (t/m^) ton per cubic yard (ton/yd^) 1 t/m^ = 0.8428 ton/yd^ kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m*^) pound per cubic foot (Ib/ft^) 1 kg/m3 = 0.0624 lb/ft3

FORCE kilonevton (kN) ton-force (tonf) 1 kN = 0.1124 tonf kip [1000 Ibf] 1 kN = 0.2248 kip newton (N) pound-force (Ibf) 1 N = 0.2248 Ibf

MOMENT OF FORCE. kilonewton meter (kN’m) ton-force foot (tonf'ft) 1 kN*m = 0.3688 tonf *f

t

TORQUE newton meter (N*m) pound-force inch (Ibf ‘in) 1 N*m = 8.8508 Ibf 'in

PRESSURE. STRESS megapascal (MPa) ton-force per square inch (tonf/ln^) 1 MPa = 0.0725 tonf /in' ton-force per square foot (tonf/ft^) 1 MPa = 10.443 tonf/f t' kllopascal (kPa) pound-force per square inch (Ibf/in^) 1 kPa = 0.1450 lbf/in2 pound-force per square foot (Ibf/ft^) 1 kPa = 20.885 blf/ft2

WORK. ENERGY. megajoule (MJ) kllowatthour (kWh) 1 MJ = 0.2778 kWh QUAKTITY OF HEAT kilojoule (kJ) British thermal unit (Btu) 1 kJ = 0.9478 Btu

Joule (J) foot pound-force (ft ’Ibf) 1 J = 0.7376 fflbf

POWER. HEAT FLOW kilowatt (kW) horsepower (hp) 1 kW - 1.3410 hp RATE watt (W) British thermal unit per hour (Btu/h) 1 W = 3.4121 Btu/h

foot pound-force per second (ft*lbf/s) 1 w - 0.7376 fflbf/s

COEFFICIENT OF HEAT watt per square meter kelvin Btu per square foot hour degree 1 W/m2'K - 0.1761 Btu/ft2- TRANSFER [U-vaIue| (U/m*>K) (-(W/m^^Ol Fahrenheit (Btu/f t^*h*®F)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY watt per meter kelvin (W/m*K) Btu per square foot degree Fahrenheit 1 W/m*K = 0.5778 Btu/f t2- [k-value] (-(W/m-’O) (Btu/ft^'°F)

NOTES: (1) The above conversion factors are shown to three or four places of decimals.

(2) Unprefixed SI units are underlined. (The kilogram, although prefixed. Is an SI base unit).

REFERENCES: MBS Guidelines for the Use of the Metric System, LC1056, Revised August 1977; The Metric System of Measurement, Federal Register Notice of October 26, 1977,

LC 1078, Revised November 1977; NBS Special Publication 330, "The International System of Units (SI)," 1977 Edition; NBS Technical NOte 936, "Recommended Practice for the use of Metric (SI) Units in Building Design and Construction," Revised edition June 1977; ASTM Standard E621-78, "Standard Practice for the Use of Metric (SI) Units in Building Design and Construction," (based on NBS TN 938), March 1978; ANSI 2210 .1-1976, "American National Standard for Metric Practice;" also Issued as ASTM E380-76*, or IEEE Std. 268-1976.

vlli
1 . INTRODUCTION

Through the "Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act" of 1971,

Congress has delegated to the Department of Housing and Urban Development

the leadership role in developing the technical Information needed

to determine procedures which will improve the efficiency with which

funds are allocated to eliminate high levels of lead-based paint (LBP)

in housing. To accomplish this goal the Experimental Hazard Elimination

Program (EHEP) was formulated by the Department of Housing and Urban

Development with the technical assistance of the National Bureau of

Standards. In this program 20 LBP hazard abatement techniques were demonstrated in approximately 200 dwelling units in Washington, D.C.,

Atlanta, Georgia, and Boston, Massachusetts. EHEP was divided

into two phases. The first phase was carried out in Washington,

D.C., and Atlanta, Georgia. Phase II was carried out in Boston.

Phase II differed from Phase I in that an experimental design was rigorously defined and controlled so that variations in abatement

technique costs could be analyzed with regard to such important factors as type and condition of housing as well as prevailing supply

and demand conditions for construction skills and materials. EHEP

was intended to help accomplish the goal mentioned above in four

ways. First, it enabled the experimental LBP abatement techniques

to be evaluated in field deleading operations. Second, through the

collection of cost data, it established a framework for estimating

the costs of future LBP hazard abatement operations. Third, it provided a data base against which procedures for estimating abatement

costs could be tested for accuracy and ease of application. Fourth,

through the development of procedures for estimating LBP abatement

costs, it permitted a computer time-sharing program which identifies

the least-cost means for eliminating the LBP hazard from a dwelling

unit to be developed.

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this report is to describe the computerized cost

estimating procedure, identify its data requirements, show how it may

be run on a time -sharing terminal, and provide guidelines for interpreting its output. The computerized cost estimating procedure is particularly useful because it takes into consideration variations in the

condition of the dwelling unit as well as in the prices for labor and

materials. As a result, it permits the least costly abatement

technique to be identified for each set of considerations. Two types

of estimates are possible with the computerized procedure. First, the

procedure may be used to develop a baseline forecast for an overall

program. These estimates will of necessity be only crude guidelines

for budgetary purposes. The second type of estimate is referred to

as a contract cost estimate.

Contract cost estimates are based on dwelling unit specific information

and are much more reliable. Past empirical studies have demonstrated

1
that if dwelling unit specific inforaation is used, estimated costs are usually within 5 to 10 percent of the actual cost. In addition,

when contract cost estimates are desired, the computer program groups

dwelling units together into contracts in such a way that the sum

of the expected bid prices is minimized.

This report is intended to serve as a user's manual for those who

are concerned with the problem of estimating LBP abatement costs.

Specific cases with respect to the preparation of cost estimates for

individual dwelling units or of budget estimates for program managers,

policy makers, or other decision makers, are treated. Throughout this

report the emphasis is placed on how the procedure can be used to

estimate LBP abatement costs under a wide variety of circumstances.

1 . 2 Scope and Approach

The general plan of this report is to briefly describe the computer program, state the requirements of the program, and show how

the computer program may be accessed. Specifically this user's

manual is organized as follows:

Chapter 2 describes the computer program, its capabilities and its

limitations. The data requirements for using the computerized

procedure to estimate abatement costs at the Individual dwelling

unit level and for forecasting the costs of a major LBP abatement

program are then identified. Guidelines are also given on how and

where to obtain the necessary data should it not already be available. A description of how the computer program identifies the

least-costly abatement technique follows. Next an explanation is

given of how the computer program groups dwelling units into contract packages in such a way that the sum of the bid prices is

minimized. The case in which cost estimates for a major abatement

program are required is then treated.

Chapter 3 introduces the user to the Federal Agencies' Computer

Time-Sharing System's (FACTS) library of programs. A step by

step procedure for running the program via FACTS and Interpreting

its output is then given.

This report also contains four technical appendices. These appendices provide background Information in three subject areas.

Appendix A discusses some of the engineering properties of the

various LBP abatement techniques. It is included as a guide to

when and where the application of a particular LBP abatement

technique would be appropriate.

Appendix B extends the discussion of the FACTS library of programs

to Include a detailed description of how the user enters the FACTS

library and establishes a user file.

2
Appendix C provides examples of what the actual input and output

statements from the computer terminal should look like. Sample

computer runs are given to show how this procedure can be used

to provide (1) baseline cost estimates for a major abatement program, and (2) contract or individual dwelling unit cost estimates.

Appendix D consists of a listing of the computer program as it is

stored in the FACTS library.

Although the results of the computerized cost estimation procedure

are based on information which can be readily measured or checked, it

is important to point out that some judgmental decisions are inevitable.

There is no substitute for professional experience. The use of this

procedure is not intended to do away with input from experienced individuals but to complement it. However, the use of this procedure does

reduce to a minimum the reliance on decisions which are purely judgmental

and hence can neither be confirmed nor denied. Thus a real strength

of this procedure is being able to quickly identify any discrepancies

should they result, determine how serious they are and take them into

consideration in future cost estimates.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM

The computer program discussed in this chapter is written in the

BASIC^ language. Although the program is written in BASIC it is not

necessary for the user to know how to use BASIC in order to run the

program. The program is designed to provide a maximum amount of flexibility to the user and includes many check mechanisms which significantly reduce the chance of a user error. The program itself Includes

a procedure for calculating the expected costs (installation, overhead

and profit) of six methods of covering over LBP on wall surfaces and

ceilings^, four methods of paint removal on trim surfaces^, and the

replacement of defective or deteriorated doors, door frames, or windows

and frames. The six barrier materials analyzed in the computer program

are: 1) cementitious coating, 2) gypsum veneer plaster; 3) gypsum

wallboard, 4) cement-coated fiberglass, 5) plywood paneling, and

6) vinyl -coated fabric. The four paint removal methods are: 1) electrical heat gun; 2) infrared-heating device; 3) hand scraping; and

4) solvent -based paint remover. Two types of cost estimates are possible with the computer program.

BASIC is an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction

Code. A good introduction to BASIC is given in D. Spencer, A Guide

to BASIC Programming: A Time-Sharing Language , Addison-Wesley

Publishing Company, Inc., Reading, Mass., 1970.

2 Five additional methods for covering over LBP on wall surfaces and

ceilings are discussed in Appendix A.

3 Two additional paint removal methods are discussed in Appendix A.

3
In the first type, the program permits the user to input specific

information on anticipated contract packages of dwelling units. (For

example, the square feet of wall area, linear feet of trim, and

number of doors, frames and windows requiring treatment.) The program

then identifies the least-cost combination of abatement techniques for

each dwelling unit. The original "set" of dwelling units is then

divided up in such a way that the sum of the expected bid prices of

the resultant "contract packages" is minimized. The expected bid price

and the markup ratio for each contract is then printed out as are the

dwelling units in that contract. This information is most useful in*

the short term planning or scheduling of LBP abatement activities

In the second type, the user inputs information on representative

or "statistical" dwelling units for a given dwelling unit type and age

category. The computer program calculates the expected costs for each

technique and then averages them. It then prints out the expected cost

for wall and trim abatement and the markup ratio. If the dwelling

unit's age/type category (e.g., Pre 1940 single family attached) was identified, it is also printed out. This information may be used to

make baseline estimates for planning purposes, budgetary allocations

and other long range activities upon which LBP abatement work might

impinge

.

2 . 1 What the Computer Program Does

As a first step in seeing what the computer program does, we shall

refer to Diagram 2.1. Diagram 2.1 is a flowchart of the computer program; it shows the basic input requirements, the sequence in which

calculations take place, and the program outputs.

Notice that there are two "branches" in Diagram 2.1. One branch

treats the case where cost estimates for a major program are desired.

The second branch deals with cases in which cost estimates for individual dwelling units or contract packages are desired. Since both

branches of the flowchart are the same up to block A, we shall assume

that the computer program has already been called up and data on wage

rates and material prices entered. In the description which follows,

the term "key factor" is used to denote a specific piece of information

which affects abatement technique cost or markup.

Suppose the user enters a 1 in block A (see Diagram 2.1), indicating that a cost estimate for a major LBP abatement program is desired.

The computer will then request information on the "statistical" dwelling unit. Detailed discussions of the term "statistical" dwelling

unit are presented in Sections 2.2 and 2.4. Once all data have been

entered, the computer calculates the direct costs for each wall and

trim technique based on the representative ("statistical") values of

the key factors. These direct cost figures are then averaged. A

markup ratio based on the representative values of the key factors

4
DIAGRAM 2.1

FLOWCHART FOR CCMPUTER TIME-SHARING PROGRAM

5
is also calculated. (The markup ratio assumes that, on the average,

three dwelling units will be in each contract.^) The markup ratio

is then used to calculate the total cost (i.e., the sum of direct

costs, overhead costs, and profit) of deleading the "statistical"

dwelling unit. The user may then use this figure to determine the

costs of that portion of the deleading program. Once the cost information has been printed out, the user has the option of either stopping

or performing cost estimates for other categories (building type/age).

In the event that the user wished to make contract cost estimates,

the computer program would operate in a slightly different manner. However, before explaining this section of the flowchart, it is important to recognize several constraints. First, the user should place

the dwelling units into groups of from one to ten dwelling units.

Second, all dwelling units within a group should be relatively close

to each other so that the distance between dwelling units will not

enter as a complicating factor in making up contract packages.

Let us now return to the flowchart. In response to the computer's

question in block A, a 0 is entered, to indicate that contract cost

estimates are desired. (Recall from the previous discussion that information on wage rates and material prices would have been entered prior

to reaching block A). The computer then asks for how many dwelling

units the user will be inputting data. Suppose the user has eight

dwelling units for which he wants cost estimates. The computer first

requests information on all the dwelling unit specific key factors for

^ The size of the contract package used in the "program" portion of the

computerized procedure is closely related to the economic concept of

economies of scale. In brief there are two types of economies of

scale. They are: 1) intra-unit (increasing the number of square

feet, linear feet or components in a given dwelling unit) scale

economies; and 2) inter-unit (increasing the number of dwelling units

in the contract) scale economies. Although intra-unit scale economies exert a strong and favorable effect on the costs of LBP hazard

abatement, the effects of inter-unit scale economies exert a perverse

impact on abatement costs. This is primarily due to the fact that

the contractors who perform LBP abatement work tend to be rather small.

Consequently, carrying out work in a large number of dwelling units

may result in coordination and scheduling problems which significantly

increase costs. Past empirical studies have concluded that it is

wise to keep contract packages small. (For an in depth discussion

of this topic see Robert E. Chapman and Joseph G. Kowalski, Lead Paint

Abatement Costs: Some Technical and Theoretical Considerations , National Bureau of Standards, Technical Report 979, February 1979.)

2 The computer will not accept information on more than ten dwelling

units at any one time. Thus if 50 dwelling units required deleading, at least five groups of ten dwelling units would have to be

formed

6
dwelling unit number one. The cost of each abatement technique is then

calculated and the one which minimizes direct costs is identified. (This

procedure is followed for both wall and trim surfaces.) The computer

then returns to the user and requests information on the second dwelling

unit

This input loop continues until all data regarding specific dwelling

units have been input. As a next step, the computer groups the dwelling

units into "preliminary" contract packages based on the values of the key

factors and other decision criteria implicit in the program. The objective here is to reduce the expected markup ratio to as small a number as possible. The computer program then tests to see if the sum of the

expected bid prices for the "preliminary" contract packages can be

reduced by removing a dwelling unit from one contract package and placing

it in another. Once this search routine finds that no further reductions

in the overall bid price can be achieved, the dwelling units are assigned

to contract packages and the program enters the output routine. The output routine first prints the least-cost technique for both wall and trim

surfaces for each dwelling unit and gives expected cost. This is done

for each contract (see Appendix C for an example). For example, the

first contract might have dwelling units number 1, 3, 6 and 7; the second dwelling units 2 and 8; and the third dwelling units 4 and 5. The

expected markup ratio for each contract is also given in order to facilitate policy analysis by program decision makers. (This information is

useful for policy analysis because if markup ratios are consistently high,

it may be possible to achieve a reduction in program costs by operating in

a cost plus fixed fee contracting mode.)

2.2 Requirements of the Computer Program

2.2.1 Data Needs

The first step in applying the EHEP cost models involves determining the minimum data requirements to exercise the models. Through

experience gained in EHEP, we have found that data needs can be divided

into three basic categories. These categories are;

(1) data on wage rates;

(2) data on material prices; and

(3) data on the dwelling unit.

These three categories reflect job specific requirements as well as prevailing supply and demand conditions in the labor and product markets.

(Within each category there may be some variation in the amount of data

required to exercise the models for different abatement techniques due

to differences in the key factors affecting technique cost.)

Notice that in Table 2.1 the individual labor skills are identified.

A close look at Table 2.1 shows that six skill types can be used in LBP

abatement activities. It is important to point out that the figure

required is the average hourly base wage rate.

7
Costs for six materials are also needed unless doors, door frames,

or windows and frames are to be replaced. The first four materials

are associated with LBP abatement techniques applied to walls and

ceilings. The materials listed are gypsum wallboard, plywood paneling, vinyl -coated fabric and cement -coated fiberglass. Averages based

on recent purchases will usually suffice. In the event that a similar

product is used, such as prefinished gypsum wallboard instead of

gypsum wallboard, melamine paneling Instead of plywood paneling, or gypsum jute instead of cement -coated fiberglass, then its price should

be substituted. This flexibility should help in assessing the cost

impacts of alternative methods of LBP abatement on expected contract

costs. Unless a prefinished product (e.g., plywood paneling) is used,

finish painting is usually required; a cost for flat latex and semigloss enamel (oil base) is therefore also included.

Data on wages and data on material prices are referred to as contract specific since, unless specific skills or materials are,

needed in a particular dwelling unit, these data will remain constant

for the whole contract package. (In general these data will remain

constant over many contracts). This bit of information should prove

quite useful to the user of the computer program. This is because it

will permit the user to hold this set of prices constant over many

computer runs and thus will reduce terminal input requirements. A

sample of a worksheet which we have found quite useful in keeping a running tabulation on these data types is shown in Table 2.1. (Since

the computer program assumes that any abatement technique "could" be

least costly, enough information must be input to insure that an estimate for each technique can be calculated.)

TABLE 2.1 WAGE AND MATERIAL PRICE DATA

AVERAGE HOURLY

WAGE RATE

CARPENTER

PAINTER

PLASTERER

PAPER HANGER

APPRENTICE CARPENTER

LABORER

MATERIAL PRICES

GYPSUM WALLBOARD - (4' x 8' sheet)

PLYWOOD PANELING - (4' x 8' sheet)

VINYL-COATED FABRIC - (SQUARE YARD)

CEMENT-COATED FIBERGLASS - (SQUARE YARD)

FLAT LATEX WALL PAINT - (GALLON)

SEMI-GLOSS ENAMEL (OIL BASE) (GALLON)

IP NEEDED

UNFINISHED DOOR - (NEW - EACH)

UNFINISHED DOOR FRAME - (NEW - EACH)

UNFINISHED WINDOW AND FRAME - (NEW - EACH)

8
Dwelling unit specific data may be divided into two basic types:

those concerned with the deleading of walls and ceilings, and those

concerned with the deleading of trim surfaces. Specific dwelling unit

data which are needed to perform deleading cost estimates for wall areas

include

“ the gross square feet of wall area;^

® the net square feet of wall area;^

® if the wall is in an unsound condition^; if cabinet work or pantry work is to take place; or if wallpaper stripping

is to take place.

Dwelling unit data required to perform deleading cost estimates

for trim surfaces include:

® the linear feet of windows and frames requiring deleading;

“ the linear feet of doors and frames requiring deleading;

° the linear feet of miscellaneous trim requiring deleading; and

® the number and type of windows, doors, door frames, and/or

miscellaneous trim requiring replacement.

2.2.2 Obtaining the Necessary Data

Once all of the factors needed to make the desired cost estimate

have been Identified, it is possible to map out a strategy for systematically and efficiently measuring their values.

^ The gross square feet of wall area is defined as the total wall

area including openings for windows, doors, and cabinets. It is

equal to the perimeter of the room times the ceiling height.

n The net square feet of wall area is defined as the wall area remaining after the area for all openings, such as doors, windows

and cabinets has been subtracted from the gross square feet of

wall area.

O An unsound wall is defined as any wall which exhibits one or more

of the following characteristics: (1) crumbling plaster, (2) bulging,

(3) efflorescence, (4) delamination from lath or structure members,

and (5) holes greater than four inches in diameter. If hone of these

five characteristics are present, then the wall is defined as sound.

Should the wall require furring prior to the application of a particular barrier material, this cost will have to be added onto the

cost of that LBP hazard abatement technique. Previous studies have

concluded that such cases should not exceed 10 percent of the total

and will most likely be less than 5 percent of the total. See

Douglas R. Shier and William G. Hall, Analysis of Housing Data

Collected in a Lead-Based Paint Survey in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —

Part II , National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 77-1250, May 1977.

9
One major source of data which should not be overlooked is the

dwelling unit survey. Surveys are almost always conducted at the

start of an abatement program to determine the incidence of LBP in

housing. Published information on conducting a LBP survey provides

us with valuable insight into how the survey can complement the cost

estimation effort.^ The importance of collecting data at this time

cannot be overstressed since it permits very detailed information

on specific characteristics of the dwelling unit to be documented at

little or no extra expense to the overall program. Experience gained

during EHEP indicated that a three man team could rapidly survey a dwelling unit and make measurements which greatly enhanced the quality

and accuracy of the cost estimates.^ One exercise which was particularly useful was the preparation of a floor plan for the dwelling unit

being surveyed. It was found that using a piece of graph paper helped

the team member sketch the floor plan accurately. One of the other

team members then assists in measuring the size of the rooms, the

height of the ceiling, the size and location of all doors and windows,

window sill height and Information on cabinets. It was found that

these elements could easily be placed on the floor plan using the

standard architectural notations. Another benefit of the LBP survey

is that it helps to identify potential problem areas, such as, unsound

substrates, deteriorated trim or nonfunctional doors or windows. Careful

documentation of this Information during the survey permits an estimate

of the required repairs and component replacements to be made.

The dwelling unit survey is particularly important when forecasts

for the costs of a major LBP abatement program are needed. This is

because within most urban areas the housing stock is quite varied.

Previous studies have also shown that within this varied stock of housing

differing amounts of LBP are expected to be found. Therefore, in order

to establish a credible baseline cost estimate, it seems reasonable that

forecasts for budgeting, scheduling and other programmatic purposes

should take these differences into consideration as much as possible.

Probably the most important step is to divide the housing stock

into several well defined types. For example, the following housing

types might be used: multifarally low rise, multifamily high rise,

single family attached, single family detached one story, single family

detached two or more stories. Associated with each housing type would

then be an age group. Commonly used age groups are: Pre 1940, 1940

to 1960, and Post 1960. All dwelling units could therefore be grouped

into one of these 15 type/age categories. As the survey progresses.

^ A detailed description of the organization and implementation phases

of a dwelling unit survey is given in William G. Hall and Lillian T.

Slovlc, Survey Manual for Estimating the Incidence of Lead Paint in

Housing , National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note 921, September

1976.

2 It is anticipated that the members of the survey team can learn

enough about what to look for during the survey as part of the

Inspector training period described in the report by Hall and Slovic.

10
information collected on individual dwelling units can be used to establish estimates (averages) of the expected amounts of deleading work to

take place in any dwelling unit by category (i.e., type and age). These

"statistical” dwelling units can then be used to generate baseline cost

estimates for the program. For example, if there were 2000 pre 1940

single family attached dwelling units and the expected bid price for deleading the "statistical" pre 1940 single family attached dwelling unit was $1250, then $2.5 million would be a good indicator of the expected

costs for that portion of the program. The use of "statistical" dwelling

units to produce baseline program cost estimates should give program

administrators, and other public officials, some insight into the magnitude of the anticipated program, as well as facilitate the scheduling of

the actual deleading work. These estimates should also provide the com- munity with a means of gauging the Impact that the program will have on

the community and, to some extent, the local housing market.

The input data requirements for the computer program discussed in

the previous subsections are summarized in Table 2.2.^

2.3 Contract Cost Estimates

As mentioned earlier, there are two branches. Contract and Program,

in the computerized procedure for estimating LBP abatement costs. Although

there are several similarities, for example, the same equations are used

in estimating the direct cost of each wall and trim technique, the way

in which building and economic factors are combined differs significantly

between Contract and Program cost estimates. In this section we shall

examine the process by which the computer program arrives at a contract

cost estimate, where specific dwelling units are to be deleaded. Section

2.4 will draw on this explanation and highlight the differences between

Contract and Program cost estimation.

2.3.1 Determining the Least-Cost Abatement Technique

We have already seen that the direct cost of each wall and trim

abatement technique may be estimated with a small number of key factors.

These key factors, when combined with certain weighting values, form the

basis for the cost estimating equation for a particular abatement technique.^

The term "XRF READING" which appears in Table 2.2 refers to the

lead content of the paint film in milligrams per square centimeter

(mg/cm^), as measured by a portable x-ray fluorescence analyzer.

2 For further information on the statistical methods used to arrive

at these cost equations, see Robert E. Chapman and Joseph G.

Kowalski, Lead Paint Abatement Costs: Some Technical and Theoretical Considerations , National Bureau of Standards, Technical

Note 979, February 1978.

11
TABLE 2.2 INPUT DATA REQUIREMENTS

NATURE OF DATA AS A FUNCTION OF THE TYPE

OF COST ESTIMATE DESIRED

DATA REQUIREMENT PROGRAM CONTRACT

AVERAGE HOURLY AVERAGE HOURLY

WAGE WAGE RATE WAGE RATE

CARPENTER II PAINTER

M II PLASTERER If PAPER HANGER It APPRENTICE CARPENTER II II LABORER II II

MATERIAL

GYPSUM WALLBOARD PRICE PER 4' X 8' SHEET PRICE PER 4* X 8’ SHEET

PLYWOOD PANELING ** *' VINYL-COATED FABRIC PRICE PER SQUARE YARD PRICE PER SQUARE YARD

CEMENT-COATED FIBERGLASS *• ** FLAT LATEX WALL PAINT PRICE PER GALLON PRICE PER GALLON

SEMI-GLOSS ENAMEL PRICE PER GALLON PRICE PER GALLON

(Oil Base)

IF NEEDED:

UNFINISHED DOOR PRICE FOR ONE, NEW PRICE FOR ONE, NEW

UNFINISHED DOOR FRAME '* " UNFINISHED WINDOW AND FRAME PRICE FOR BOTH, NEW PRICE FOR BOTH, NEW

BASED ON "STATISTICAL" OBSERVED VALUE IN THE

DWELLING UNIT DWELLING UNIT PARTICULAR DWELLING UNIT

GROSS SQ. FT. OF WALL AREA SQUARE FEET SQUARE FEET

LINEAR FT. OF DOORS AND FRAMES LINEAR FEET LINEAR FEET

LINEAR FT. OF WINDOWS AND FRAMES ** " LINEAR FT. OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM *• " OCCUPANCY PERCENT OCCUPIED 1 IF OCCUPIED

0 IF UNOCCUPIED

WAINSCOTTING PERCENT OF WALL AREA PERCENT OF WALL AREA

SUBSTRATE CONDITION PERCENT UNSOUND 1 IF POOR

0 IF SATISFACTORY OR BETTER

PANTRY WORK PERCENT NEEDING IT 1 IF NEEDED

0 IF NOT

WALLPAPER ON WALLS

IF NEEDED:

PERCENT HAVING>2 LAYERS 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS

0 IF 2 OR LESS

NUMBER OF DOORS TO REPLACE NUMBER NUMBER

NUMBER OF DOOR FRAMES TO REPLACE ** **

$ AVERAGE OR SEPARATE AVERAGE OR SEPARATE

NUMBER OF WINDOWS AND

TO REPLACE

FRAMES

ADDRESS DU/AGE CATEGORY ADDRESS AS SPECIFIED

XRF READING

(LEAD CONTENT: mg/cm^ ) FOR EACH[ TRIM TYPE FOR EACH TRIM TYPE

12
In some cases the process of calculating direct costs must be

done in two parts. In these cases, the material cost per square foot

is computed first based on its own set of key factors. It is used

as an input, that is a key factor, in the equation for direct cost

per square foot. In some cases direct cost is based on productivity

and the average wage rate. The computer program then selects the least

costly technique for deleading walls.

This same process is followed for the four techniques for deleading

trim, with the exception of the fact that there is a separate equation

for each trim component (i.e., doors and frames, windows and frames,

and miscellaneous trim). The total direct cost is the sum of these

components plus finish painting costs. After all dwelling units are completed for this set of estimates, the program moves on to the

markup calculation.

2.3.2 Estimating Contract Markup and Forming Contract Packages

In order to get an estimate for markup, a specific contract or collection of dwelling units is needed. In our calculations it is

assumed that it would be administratively desirable to have at least

two dwelling units in each contract. Furthermore, due to the way the

key factors in the markup calculation are combined (some have positive

and some have negative effects), certain combinations of two or more

dwelling units may actually lower the markup ratio and therefore lower

the bid price of that contract.'^

To group the dwelling units together in the best possible pairs,

the computer program calculates a markup differential applied to the

direct cost of every pair of dwelling units, ranks two pairs, and

^ More specifically, data is input into the computer program on one dwelling unit at a time. Once all necessary data has been input,

the program begins by calculating the direct cost per square foot

of gypsum wallboard. This value is stored in a special variable

where it is then compared with the direct cost of the other wall

techniques as the direct cost per square foot for each one is

estimated. If the new value is smaller, it is stored in the

variable, otherwise the value remains unchanged. The costs of all

techniques are estimated and compared in this manner until the

least-cost technique for deleading walls is determined. Note that

when a switch takes place, the name of the new technique is also

stored in a special character variable so that the name of the leastcost method can also be identified. A final step is the multiplication of the per square foot cost by the number of gross square feet

of wall area and the addition of any painting costs.

2 Again see Robert E. Chapman and Joseph G. Kowalski, Lead Paint Abatement Costs; Some Technical and Theoretical Consideration , National

Bureau of Standards, Technical Note 979, February 1979.

13
chooses those pairs that either reduce markup or cause it to increase

as little as possible. If cost estimates are desired for an odd

number of dwelling units, the one left after the preliminary two-unit

contracts are formed remains in a contract by itself.

The process described above is repeated to see if any further

reduction in markup/bid price can be achieved by grouping any of the

preliminary two-unit contracts into a four-unit contract or a threeunit contact if costs for an odd number of dwelling units are being

estimated. In this iteration, except for the case of a remaining

single dwelling unit contract, no grouping takes place unless there

is a definite decrease in contractor markup/bid price. If a singleunit contract resulted from the first iteration, it is joined to that

other contract which results in the smallest increase in markup/bid

price. Once this analysis has been conducted for each of the preliminary contract packages a final assignment will be made. From

this point on no dwelling unit will be switched from one contract to

another; further reductions in markup/bid price, however, may be possible through a switch in abatement technique. This is the subject

of the next section.

2.3.3 Determining the Final Abatement Techniques and Printing Out

Results

There is one final test the program performs which has the potential for further reductions in markup /bid price. Because of contractors’

general familiarity with gypsum wallboard and plywood paneling, the use

of either of these techniques could cause them to lower their markup

and, in effect, reduce the bid price. It is necessary then, to determine if substituting gypsum wallboard or plywood paneling for the

technique which minimizes direct cost would result in a lower bid

price for the contract. In other words, would the reduction in markup

more than compensate for the higher per square foot direct cost. The

computer performs this comparison by examining direct cost and markup

differentials. If the gain (reduction in markup) from a switch to

gypsum wallboard or plywood paneling is greater than the cost (higher

per square foot direct cost), the original technique is replaced.

Otherwise the technique which minimized direct cost is kept, and the

program moves on to the next dwelling unit. The program examines each

dwelling unit within its particular contract. The process is repeated

until all contract packages have been analyzed. The end result of this

process may be veiwed as a stable solution because no further reductions in bid price can be accomplished. Consequently the sum of

the bid prices for each contract may be viewed as the lowest possible

for the given values of the relevant key factors.

After deciding on the final abatement techniques and contract

packages, the total direct cost and the wall and trim technique chosen

for each dwelling unit within a contract is printed out. Finally the

contract bid price and markup ratio for each contract is printed. Once

this has been done, all cost estimation associated with this set of

dwelling units is complete.

14
2.4 Program Cost Estimates

The computer program may also be used in cases where a program

manager or policy maker needs LBP abatement cost estimates for planning

or budgetary purposes. The same basic wage and material data used in

the contract estimating case are still required. The fundamental difference is that figures for a representative or "statistical" dwelling

unit are used rather than figures for a specific dwelling unit. Recall

that a "statistical" dwelling unit is one in which the dimensions and

characteristics are based on averages computed from an actual sample

of houses in a particular building type/age category.

The other major difference in input concerns the values for key

factors, such as occupancy status and substrate condition, which take

on a value of 1 or 0 when making contract cost estimates. When making

policy estimates however, the program informs the user that percentages

are required for these factors. This information should also be based

on an actual sample of houses. If this information is not available,

the percentages used as input could be based on previous studies in

combination with expert judgement.

A table like Table 2.3 should prove useful in developing the input

values of the key factors for each "statistical" dwelling unit. Table

2.3 shows the number of dwelling units in each type/age category.

Table 2.3 is useful because it conveniently divides up the stock of

housing into well defined categories. Information from the survey,

especially the sample floor plan (Diagram 2.2), may then be used to

calculate the value of specific key factors for each of the dwelling

units

Once the appropriate categories have been established, statistical

methods of sampling may be used to insure that the values of the key

factors for the "statistical" dwelling unit are representative of the

population (i.e., the type/age category). (Should the LBP program

office be recording the dwelling unit statistics on an automatic data

processing (ADP) system, it would not be necessary to rely on statistical methods sampling since averages could be easily tabulated by

the ADP system.) For example, if the survey revealed that 750 Pre 40

single family attached dwelling units would require deleading, it

would not be necessary to calculate the values of the key factors for

all 750 dwelling units and average them to get their values in the

"statistical" dwelling unit. In most cases a random sample of 30

dwelling units should be enough to estimate a representative value

of each key factor for the "statistical" dwelling unit.

If prior information on the standard deviation of each key factor

for the population (type/age category) is available, a specific value

of the sample size can be established. This value may be either larger

or smaller than 30 and may vary among the key factors.^ Should the

^ For a thorough discussion see Mary Natrella, Experimental Statistics , National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 91, August 1963.

15
TABLE 2.3

NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS BY TYPE/AGE CATEGORY

Dwelling

Unit

Type

Dwelling Unit Age

Pre 1940- Post

1940 1960 1960

Multifamily

Low Rise

Multifamily

High Rise

Single Family

Attached

Single Family

Detached

One Story

Single Family

Detached

Two or More

Stories

16
total number of dwelling units in a category be small, it is possible

to base the average on all available data rather than just a randomly

selected subset. (Note, if the number of dwelling units to be done

is quite small, it might be better to use the contract cost estimation

routine. This approach would be superior in that it would provide not

only an estimate but the contract assignment as well.)

A table of random numbers may then be used to select the random

sample. For example, you may choose to write down the first 50 three

digit random numbers which occur in the table. You should then go

through and rule out all those over 750 since you have only 750

dwelling units. Similarly you should also rule out any repetitions.

In the event that you now have less than 30 random numbers you should

continue where you left off in the table until you have generated the

30 needed to do the experiment. (An alternative way of selecting the

random numbers is to go through the table as described above and

choose only those numbers which are less than 750 and which have not

already been recorded.) Assuming that you have a set of 30 random

numbers, you are now in a position to sample from the set of dwelling

unit data. This may be done by numbering each dwelling unit, in this case from 1 to 750, and identifying those whose number match one of

the random numbers selected from the table of random numbers.

Once you have selected the random sample of dwelling units, the

values of each of the (dwelling unit) key factors should be tabulated.

The values of a particular key factor are then averaged and recorded

in Table 2.4. Table 2.4 may then be used as a reference when inputting

data on the "statistical" dwelling unit into the computer program.

Once the data have been input, the program continues as it did

when making contract cost estimates by calculating per unit direct

costs for each wall and trim technique. Painting costs are then

computed. It is Important to point out that instead of determining

which technique is the least costly, the direct costs of all six

different wall techniques and all four trim techniques are averaged.

One cost for deleading walls and one cost for deleading trim results.

The corresponding painting costs are then added to these average values

to get total direct cost.

The final step is the computation of a markup ratio. The markup

ratio is based on the values input on the statistical dwelling unit.

Since a value for the total net square feet and linear feet in the

contract is required in order to complete the markup estimating equation, a contract package size of three dwelling units is assumed. As soon as the markup ratio has been calculated it is multiplied by the

total direct cost. The result is a total cost figure which includes

an allowance for the contractor's overhead and profit. Once the cost

information for this "statistical" dwelling unit has been printed,

the user may either stop or perform another cost estimate for a different "statistical" dwelling unit (type/age category) based on the same wage and material data.

17
TABLE 2.4 DWELLING UNIT DATA FORM

FOR MAKING COST ESTIMATES

AT THE PROGRAM LEVEL

DU/AGE CATEGORY PRE 40 SINGLE FAMILY ATTACHED

WALL AREA - (GROSS SQUARE FEET)

DOORS AND FRAMES - (LINEAR FEET)

WINDOWS AND FRAMES - (LINEAR FEET)

MISCELLANEOUS TRIM - (LINEAR FEET)

OCCUPANCY - (PERCENT OCCUPIED)

WAINSCOTTING - (PERCENT WALL AREA)

SUBSTRATE CONDITION - (PERCENT UNSOUND)

PANTRY WORK - (PERCENT NEEDING IT)

WALLPAPER REMOVAL - (PERCENT HAVING >2 LAYERS)

XRF READINGS - (DOORS)^

XRF READINGS - (WINDOWS)^

XRF READINGS - (MISCELLANEOUS)^

IF NEEDED

REPLACEMENT DOORS - (NUMBER)

REPLACEMENT DOOR FRAMES - (NUMBER)

REPLACEMENT WINDOWS AND FRAMES - (NUMBER)

a The term "XRF READING" refers to the lead content of the paint

film in milligrams per centimeter (mg/cm^).

18
3. ACCESSING THE COMPUTER PROGRAM

3.1 Introduction to FACTS

The Federal Agencies' Computer Time-Sharing System (FACTS) is a library of programs aimed at facilitating the use of computers to

solve construction related problems.^ The FACTS library is part of

the Remote Access Multi-User System (RAMUS), a nationwide interactive

time-sharing computer and telecommunications network developed and

operated by the General Services Administration (GSA). The RAMUS

and FACTS systems are available to all Federal agencies and their

authorized contractors. Before we proceed with a discussion of FACTS,

it is important to outline how FACTS and RAMUS are related. RAMUS

consists of four basic parts:

1. An executive system that acts as a master control center;

2. Permanent files that contain a number of standard programs

and subroutines available for use by all subscribers;

3. User files that contain user-developed programs and serve

as a temporary storage area for data to be used by the com- puter in solving specific problems;

4.

A processing section that makes the actual calculations.

FACTS consists of two basic parts:

1. a library of engineering programs; and

2. an executive system that permits the user to access those

library programs through RAMUS.

The advantage that FACTS offers over the basic RAMUS system is that

it greatly facilitates the use of RAMUS by persons without computer

experience. This is because the FACTS library programs have been

written in such a way that the user is given step-by-step instructions

on their use in the course of using them.

The FACTS executive system also pennits the user to establish a user file. The user file will contain a program which is an exact

copy of the computer program stored in the FACTS library. THE USER

FILE MAY THEN BE REFERENCED DIRECTLY TO PROVIDE THE DESIRED COST

ESTIMATES.

For a detailed description of FACTS, see Users ' Manual for the

Federal Agencies* Computer Time -Sharing System , National Research

Council, Building Research Advisory Board, Federal Construction

Council, Technical Report 68, 1976.

19
In the next section we shall see how the program may be run once

a user file has been established. However, before the computer program

can be referenced and a user file established, the agency (or authorized

contractor) must subscribe to the RAMUS service. Any agency or authorized contractor wishing to subscribe to the RAMUS service should initiate the administrative procedure by writing to:

Agency Services Coordination Division

ADTS, GSA

1776 Peachtree Street, NW

Atlanta, GA 30309

This letter should include the following information:

1. The date the agency wishes to begin ilAMUS service;

2. The number and type of terminals which will be used;

3. The average number of hours per day of terminal connect time;

4. The estimated program storage requirements;

5. The name, address, and telephone number of the agency, the

person to be contacted for information pertaining to RAMUS

usage; and

6. The billing address and appropriate fund citation.

Item number 2 in the list above requests information about the type

of office terminal to be used. In order to use RAMUS, the terminal

should be either the Automatic Send/Receive Model 33 or 35 Teletypewriter, or any fully compatible equipment. The office terminal com- municates with RAMUS by means of a telephone (voice grade) circuit;

either FTS, WATS, or leased lines may be used. Once the user has

received an identification code and password, he enters the FACTS

library via RAMUS. (This procedure is analogous to checking a book

out of a library and using the information in the book to solve a particular problem.)

3.2 Running the FACTS Program

Throughout this section it is assumed that the user has already

established a user file in which a copy of the FACTS program is

stored. Once the user has signed onto the system, the terminal

should respond with an output similar to that printed below.

Details of how the user enters the FACTS library of programs,

retrieves the lead paint cost estimation procedure, and establishes a copy in the user file are given in Appendix B.

2 Underlining indicates a user input.

20
GSA 440 TIME-SHARING SYSTEM 1

ON AT 10:16 PB;04 TTY: 60

08/14/78

USER ID--

PASSWORD?

TYPE OLD OR NEW: OLD

OLD: _H _0

^

READY

^ _U _N ^ _G

Recall that at the end of each statement, e.g., OLD, you must press

the nonprinting carriage return character. This tells the computer

to proceed. Note that the program name, KAH00, refers to the name

of the program being stored in your user file. When you establish

your user file (see Appendix B) you will be asked to provide a name for the program which you wish to store. KAH00 was the program name selected in this case.

As soon as you enter RUNBIG after the computer has printed READY

the program will begin requesting input information. Suppose that

Table 3.1 corresponds to the input data we have collected on wages and

material prices. The computer printout would then look like that presented immediately after Table 3.2. Note very carefully that 1) wages

and material prices are entered one at a time after each question

mark, ?, and 2) dollar signs are not used (i.e., 8.50 and not $8.50).

After the last material price data has been entered, the computer

will ask if program or contract cost estimates are desired. The printout shown above Indicates that contract cost estimates are desired.

The program then asks the user how many dwelling units are in the

"preliminary" contract. Recall that no more than 10 dwelling units can be input at any one time. (In addition, the "preliminary" contract

should contain dwelling units which are geographically close together.)

The program then asks the user to check the input data for errors.

If no errors have been made, the program begins requesting input information on dwelling unit number 1. Table 3.2 summarizes the relevant

input data for dwelling unit number 1.

Once all data on dwelling unit number 1 has been entered, the

computer will request the user to check over the input data in case any errors have been made in entering the data. The output from the

terminal in this case is shown immediately after Table 3.2.

21
TABLE 3.1 WAGE AND MATERIAL PRICE DATA

AVERAGE HOURLY

WAGE RATE

CARPENTER 9.18

PAINTER 9.67

PLASTERER 9.12

PAPER HANGER 8.50

APPRENTICE CARPENTER 5.68

LABORER 5.62

MATERIAL PRICES

2.40

8.00

4.75

3.00

9.00

11.00

UNFINISHED DOOR - (NEW -EACH)

UNFINISHED DOOR FRAME - (NEW-EACH)

UNFINISHED WINDOW AND FRAME - (NEW-EACH)

GYPSUM WALLBOARD - (4' x 8’ sheet)

PLYWOOD PANELING - (4' x 8' sheet)

VINYL-COATED FABRIC - (SQUARE YARD)

CEMENT-COATED FIBERGLASS

LATEX FLAT WALL PAINT - (GALLON)

SEMI -GLOSS ENAMEL (OIL BASE) -(GALLON)

IF NEEDED

22
TABLE 3.2 DWELLING UNIT DATA FORM

ADDRESS

WALL AREA - (GROSS SQUARE FEET)

DOORS AND FRAMES - (LINEAR FEET)

WINDOWS AND FRAMES - (LINEAR FEET)

MISCELLANEOUS TRIM - (LINEAR FEET)

OCCUPANCY

WAINSCOTTING - (PERCENT WALL AREA)

SUBSTRATE CONDITION

PANTRY WORK

WALLPAPER REMOVAL

XRF READINGS - (DOORS)

XRF READINGS - (WINDOWS)

XRF READINGS - (MISCELLANEOUS)

IF NEEDED

REPLACEMENT DOORS - (NUMBER)

REPLACEMENT DOOR FRAMES - (NUMBER)

REPLACEMENT WINDOWS AND FRAMES - (NUMBER)

102 Main Street

450

39

40

66

1

0

0

0

0

3.0

3.0

3.0

23
RUNBIG

KAH00 10:18 ATL MON

WAGE RATE INFORMATION

INPUT WAGE

? 9.18

INPUT WAGE

? 9.67

INPUT WAGE

? 9.12

INPUT WAGE

? 8.50

INPUT WAGE

? 5.68

INPUT WAGE

? 5.62

RATE PER HOUR

RATE PER HOUR

RATE PER HOUR

RATE PER HOUR

RATE PER HOUR

RATE PER HOUR

08/14/78

FOR CARPENTER

FOR PAINTER

FOR PLASTERER

FOR PAPERHANGER

FOR APPRENTICE CARPENTER

FOR LABORER

MATERIAL PRICE INFORMATION

INPUT PRICE OF 4 FT BY 8 FT SHEET OF GYPSUM WALLBOARD

? 2.40

INPUT PRICE OF 4 FT BY 8 FT SHEET OF PLYWOOD PANELING

? 8.00

INPUT PRICE PER SQUARE YARD OF VINYL-COATED FABRIC

? 4.75

INPUT PRICE PER SQUARE YARD OF CEMENT-COATED FIBERGLASS

? 3.00

INPUT PRICE PER GALLON OF LATEX FLAT WALL PAINT

? 9.00

INPUT PRICE PER GALLON OF SEMI -GLOSS ENAMEL (OIL BASE)

? 11.00

TYPE 1 IF THERE ARE ANY DOORS, DOOR FRAMES OR WINDOWS AND FRAMES

THAT NEED TO BE REPLACED, 0 IF NOT

? 0

IF PROGRAM COST ESTIMATES ARE DESIRED, TYPE 1, IF CONTRACT COST

ESTIMATES ARE DESIRED, TYPE 0

? 0

INPUT NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS TO BE DONE (MUST BE < = 10)

? 10

STOP FOR A MINUTE AND CHECK THE DATA YOU HAVE JUST INPUT

IF ANY ERROR WAS MADE IN ENTERING IT, YOU MAY TYPE 1 TO

REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS; IF NOT, TYPE 0 TO CONTINUE

? 0

24
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 1

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? 102 MAIN STREET

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 450

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 39

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF WINDOW FRAMES

REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 40

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 66

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1

INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS, WINDOWS

AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 3.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT IF THERE IS AN ERROR,

TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

25
If no errors were made while the data on dwelling unit number 1 were being input, the program will proceed to the next dwelling unit.

This process continues until the data on all 10 dwelling units have

been input (see Diagram 2.1). The program then groups the dwelling

units into contract packages in such a way that the sum of the bid

prices is minimized.

3 . 3 How to Interpret the Computer Output

In the previous section we saw how the data on a specific dwelling

unit as well as wages and material prices were entered into the computer

program. Assuming once again that we wish contract cost estimates on the 10 dwelling units discussed in the previous section and that data

on each dwelling unit has been input into the computer, an output similar to that which follows will result.

DWELLING UNIT 8

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

DWELLING UNIT 4

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

CONTRACT 1

116 MAIN STREET

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 477.892

108 MAIN STREET

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 355.398

DWELLING UNIT 9 118 MAIN STREET

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

GYPSUM WALLBOARD

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 914.903

DWELLING UNIT 6 112 MAIN STREET

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

GYPSUM WALLBOARD

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 942.53

CONTRACT PRICE $3123.88

MARKUP RATIO 1.16098

26
CONTRACT 2

DWELLING UNIT 7 114 MAIN STREET

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 586.713

DWELLING UNIT 5 110 MAIN STREET

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 685.026

CONTRACT PRICE $ 1735.34

MARKUP RATIO 1.36454

CONTRACT 3

DWELLING UNIT 2 104 MAIN STREET

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 783.331

DWELLING UNIT 1 102 MAIN STREET

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 696.741

CONTRACT PRICE $ 2082.18

MARKUP RATIO 1.40681

CONTRACT 4

DWELLING UNIT 10 120 MAIN STREET

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 754.359

DWELLING UNIT 3 106 MAIN STREET

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

VENEER PLASTER

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 846.427

CONTRACT PRICE $ 2351.66

MARKUP RATIO 1.46907

IF YOU WISH TO DO MORE COST

? 0

ESTIMATES TYPE 1, IF NOT TYPE 0

RUNNING TIME: 38.8 SECS

READY

BYE

OFF AT 11:04

I/O TIME: 261.3 SECS

27
You will notice that four contracts resulted in this case,

tract number 1 has four dwelling units in it (dwelling units 8,

and 6); contracts 2 through 4 have two dwelling units each.^

Con4, 9

In each contract the dwelling unit number and address is given on

the top line. On the second and third lines the least cost wall technique and least cost trim technique are given. The direct cost of

deleading the dwelling unit is given on the fourth line. For example,

dwelling unit number 8 is located on 116 Main Street, the least-cost

wall technique is cementitious coating, the least-cost trim (paint

removal) technique is the electric heat gun, and the total direct cost

is approximately $480. After this information has been presented for

each dwelling unit the contract price (expected bid price) and the

expected markup ratio are printed out in the lower right hand corner.

For example, in contract package number 1, the expected bid price is

approximately $3125 with a markup ratio of 1.16 (that is, a 16 percent

markup for overhead and profit).

The output shown above indicates that all 10 dwelling units can be

deleaded for approximately $9300, including contractor markup. The

nature of the information input on each dwelling unit and the output

from the computer program should greatly facilitate budgeting, the

preparation of specifications, and the establishment of which dwelling

units should be in each contract package.

^ All of the input Information which is associated with the output

presented above is given in Appendix C.l. Appendix C.l should also

prove useful to those readers interested in examining a complete computer run prior to making any contract cost estimates on their own. (Appendix C.2 is Intended to serve as a model for those readers

interested in performing baseline program cost estimates.)

28
4 . SUMMARY

This report describes a computerized cost estimation procedure

based on the results of the Experimental Hazard Elimination Program

(EHEP). The data requirements associated with the EHEP computerized

cost estimation procedure are discussed as are means through which

these data can be obtained. A discussion of the Federal Agencies'

Computer Time -Sharing System (FACTS), where the EHEP procedure is

in permanent storage, was also presented. Guidelines for how to

reference the procedure via FACTS and create a "copy" in a user file

were presented as were examples of actual computer runs. A sample output providing contract package assignments and cost estimates for 10

dwelling units was presented. This example was used to illustrate how

the output identified not only the least costly technique for deleading walls and trim but facilitated the budgeting, specifications

writing, and contract packaging, tasks in the typical local or regional

lead paint abatement program office.

29
APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTION OF ABATEMENT TECHNIQUES

This appendix is intended to supply background information on three

basic methods of lead-based paint (LBP) abatement. The three abatement

methods are subdivided into individual abatement techniques. The abatement techniques are then described individually in some detail, with

regard to their composition, method of application, and/or any special

skill or material/equipment requirements.

Since the body of this appendix is formed of excerpts from publications

in which these abatement techniques are described in greater detail

the interested reader is referred to the two reports by Boone et. al .^

A.l BARRIER MATERIALS

The complete stripping of LBP from surfaces as well as the removal and

replacement of building components which are coated with LBP are defined

here as LBP elimination methods. The effectiveness of such methods is

essentially total. However, the application of these methods to large

wall surfaces appears to be both impractical and prohibitively expensive.

The application of materials, which are intended to act as barriers, is

frequently the most reasonable approach to the abatement of LBP on planar surfaces. The effectiveness of barrier materials is therefore

a function of the degree to which they prevent access to the existing

LBP which they cover. The material’s strength, durability and permeance

are the primary characteristics that establish its effectiveness in LBP

abatement

A. 1.1 GYPSUM WALLBOARD

Gypsum wallboard is a product which is composed of a thick layer of

gypsum to which paper or other materials are bonded to provide a finished or finishable surface. It is intended for use on walls, ceilings,

or partitions, and can be applied directly to existing surfaces or to

wood or metal furring strips.

It can be applied directly to existing walls with adhesives and nails.

The installed wallboard is prepared for painting by finishing the joints

between the sheets with joint tape and compound. Nail heads are then

covered with compound and both areas are sanded to a smooth finish.

^ Thomas H. Boone, Harvey W. Berger, A. Philip Cramp, Herbert A. Jackson

The Demonstration of Experimental Lead Paint Hazard Abatement Methods

in Washington, D.C. , National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 75-761,

June 1975, and Thomas H. Boone, Harvey W. Berger, A. Philip Cramp,

Herbert A. Jackson, The Demonstration of Experimental Lead Paint

Hazard Abatement Methods in Atlanta, Georgia , National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 75-974, December 1975.

30
A. 1.2 PLYWOOD PANELING

This product is a 5/32 inch (4 mm) thick lauan mahogany plywood panel

which has been treated with a multiple coat catalyzed varnish finish.

The material is supplied in 4 x 8 feet panels (1.2 x 2.4 m) and is

applied to existing walls with either fasteners or an adhesive. Preformed strips are used to cover vertical butted seams and as a molding

at the ceiling line. Wood baseboards are applied over the paneling

along the floor line.

A. 1.3 CEMENTITIOUS COATING

The cementitious coating consists of portland cement, sand, and acrylic

resin to which water is added to make a slurry. It can be tinted to

desired colors by the addition of pigments recommended by the manufacturer.

The cementitious coating is viscous and has a rough texture. It can

be applied by brush or roller or any other equipment designed to apply

viscous filled coatings.

The surface must be clean and free from loose particles. Glossy surfaces must be roughened with an abrasive, and chalky surfaces sealed

with a sealer to ensure good adhesion. The applied coating has a final

thickness of about 1/16-inch (about 1.6 mm).

A. 1.4 GYPSUM VENEER PLASTER

This product is a component pre-packaged material which becomes plastic

when mixed with water so that it can be trowel applied to form a highly

polished finish or can be worked to achieve a textured finish. It may

be applied to solid plaster walls which have first been treated with

a vinyl polymer bonding compound to improve adhesion to the existing

painted surfaces. The finished thickness of the plaster is approximately

1/8-inch (3.2 mm) thick. Skilled workmen are required for the satisfactory application of this product.

A. 1.5 VINYL-COATED FABRIC

Vinyl-coated fabric is basically similar to wallpaper or vinyl-clad

paper. Its strength and durability exceed that of the other two materials because of its combination of vinyl surface and textile fabric

ba eking

.

Vinyl-coated fabric may be installed on any wall surface that is free

of dirt, grease, oil and moisture. The method used for hanging vinyl

coated fabric is the same as used for hanging wallpaper. The adhesive

used depends upon the weight of the vinyl -coated fabric. These fabrics

normally resist soiling and staining even by objects such as crayon,

lipstick, or ink. A mild detergent and a sponge usually will remove

most soils and stains. These fabrics conform to the bends and contours

31
of most surfaces and are installed readily by workmen who are familiar

with wallpaper installation using ordinary hand tools and equipment.

A. 1.6 CEMENT -COATED FIBERGLASS

This product consists of glass fabric impregnated with portland cement.

It is applied to walls in the same manner as wallpaper, with a waterbase

adhesive. As the portland cement absorbs moisture from the environment

it hardens and becomes a fairly rigid and penetration-resistant material.

A protective coating should be applied if the material is to be used in

wet areas.

A clean substrate in good repair is necessary for adequate adhesion.

The covering will, however, bridge minor voids and mask minor substrate

imperfections.

The following barrier materials were used in Phase I of EHEP but were dropped from consideration during the Phase II deleading operations

because of excess cost, logistical problems or similarities with other

techniques that were used in Phase I.

A. 1.7 MELAMINE -COATED HARDBOARD

This product is a 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) thick tempered hardboard to which

a 1-1/2 mil (.038 mm) thick melamine film has been laminated to provide

a serviceable, decorative finish. The material is supplied in 4 x 8

feet panels (1.2 x 2.4 m) and is applied to existing walls with fasteners or an adhesive. Pre-formed strips are used to cover vertical

butted seams and as a molding at the ceiling line. Baseboards are applied over the paneling at the floor.

A. 1.8 AGGREGATE FILLED PAINT

This coating is a latex based product which contains sand or other

mineral aggregate which provides a thick finish comparable in texture

to sand finish plaster.

Filled paint is viscous. The product used was formulated for application by airless spray equipment, but it and most other formulations can

be applied using a brush or roller. It requires no mixing or thinning

and it can be applied sucessfully to any surface which is free of dirt,

oil or grease. Primers are not required for use on previously painted

surfaces and thicknesses as high as 20 mils (0.02 inch or 0.05 cm) can

be obtained with one coat. The finish texture, ranging from smooth

to coarse, depends upon the aggregate quantity and particle size.

A. 1.9 GYPSUM PLASTER WITH METAL LATH

Gypsum plaster is applied to a metal lath which serves as a support

for the plaster and a means of adhesion to the surface being treated.

The lath is a netting of 20 gauge galvanized steel which is fastened

to a surface with nails, staples or screws.

32
The plaster is usually applied in two stages resulting in a final

thickness of 1/2-inch (1.3 cm). In the first application, wood fiber

is added to the gypsum plaster to improve its working characteristics

by making it easier to apply and to increase its adhesion to the metal

lath. This first coat is applied by trowel to a uniform thickness of

about 3/8-inch (1 cm). The plaster sets up (hardens) rapidly and must

be applied quickly. Highly calcined gypsum plaster is used for the

second or top-coat. This plaster contains a retarder which delays

hardening so that the desired finish (smooth or textured) can be

achieved. The final coat is about 1/8-inch (0.3 cm) thick. The finished dried surface is usually painted.

The application of plaster to lath should be done by skilled workmen.

The temperature of the work area and surface should be above 50°F and

adequate ventilation (for proper drying of the plaster) should be

provided.

A. 1.10 GYPSUM IMPREGNATED JUTE FABRIC

This wall covering product consists of jute fabric which is impregnated

with uncrystallized gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate). It is applied

to walls in the same manner as wallpaper, with a water base adhesive

which is recommended by the manufacturer of the fabric. As the gypsum

absorbs moisture from the air, it hydrates, hardens and becomes a fairly

rigid and penetration-resistant material. A protective coating can be

applied if the material is to be used in wet areas.

A clean substrate in good repair is necessary for adequate adhesion.

The covering will, however, bridge minor voids and mask minor substrate

Imperfections.

A. 1.11 PLYWOOD ON FLOORS

Plywood may be used to cover-up lead painted exterior wood decks on porches. Warped and rotted boards are replaced with new or sound ones and a 15 lb. (6.8 kg) roofing felt is put down as an underlayment before

installing the plywood.

Four by 8 feet (1.2 x 2.4 m) sheets of 3/8-inch (9.5 mm) A-B grade,

exterior or marine plywood are used. All edges are treated with wood

preservative and the sheets are nailed or screwed to the existing deck

with their A grade surface up. All exposed edges are covered with wood

trim and the new surface is painted with one coat of primer and two

coats of exterior paint.

Skilled workmen are required to install plywood on existing porch decks

with satisfactory workmanship. Although the job can be done with hand

tools, it can be accomplished much more easily with ordinary power tools

such as electric drills and saws.

33
A. 2 PAINT REMOVAL METHODS

The safety of workmen and dwelling occupants is a primary consideration

in the implementation of paint removal methods. Procedures should be

taken to avoid the inhalation or absorption of lead fumes or dust. In

addition, attention should be given to the potential fire hazard associated with the use of open flame paint removal techniques.

A. 2.1 INFRA-RED HEATING DEVICE

The infra-red heating device used in Phase II of EHEP consists of a propane burner whose flame is recessed in a metal reflector covered with a metal grid. When the flame is lit, the grid is heated. The device is

held near the surface that is to be stripped. The heat radiating from

the grid causes the paint to soften, swell and/or blister so that it can

be removed easily from its substrate with metal scrapers.

This device is somewhat less hazardous than a propane torch because the

open flame is recessed. Completely portable, it uses one pound disposable propane cylinders or a 25 pound refillable propane tank. The

process of heating and scraping can be carried out by a single workman.

A. 2. 2 SOLVENT -BASED PAINT REMOVER

A number of "industrial grade" paint removers may be used to remove LBP

from windows, doors and other wood trim components. These viscous

liquids are applied to both horizontal and vertical surfaces by brush,

allowed to react with the lead paint coatings and then removed along

with the softened paint using various metal scrapers.

Paint removers are extremely variable in their ability to penetrate and

react with multiple layers of dried paint. The effectiveness of the remover depends not only on its own composition but also on the nature

of the multi-layered coating to which it is applied. Most removers will

react with only 2 to 4 layers of paint at a time. In such cases where

more than that number of layers of paint is present, the remover-paint

agglomeration must be removed and fresh remover applied as often as necessary to achieve complete removal.

Generally, the reaction time for paint removers is about one-half hour.

The remover-paint waste, which is scraped from the treated surfaces,

is collected on polyethylene drop clothes and discarded. Prior to light

sanding and repainting, the surface is wiped with a water-saturated rag

in order to remove any residue of remover-paint mixture.

Proper precautions regarding open flames, adequate ventilation and

avoidance of contact with skin is necessary to assure the safe use of

this class of products.

34
A. 2. 3 ELECTRICAL HEAT GUN

Another technique for removing paint from doors, windows and other

wood surfaces by means of heat generation is a portable flameless

electric hot air blowing device. It is quite effective in removing

paint from wood substrates as demonstrated in laboratory tests; it

also presents an apparent low risk of fire and injury to operators

or bystanders.

A commercially manufactured device consists essentially of an air

blower attached to a reinforced flexible plastic hose, with a cylindrical

electric heater at the outlet. The heater is heavily insulated, so that

it can be hand held while in operation. This apparatus is mounted on a stand which makes it quite mobile. It is capable of producing a strong

stream of hot air at temperatures of between 350° and 1000°F (175° and

540°C). The working end of the device is very lightweight and a single

workman can perform the continuous operations of heating the paint

to its softening point and scraping it off with metal tools. Electrical

circuits or portable generators supplying 20 ampere currents at 110-120

volts are required for operation of the hot air blower.

A. 2. 4 HAND SCRAPING

Simple hand tools such as paint scrapers and putty knives may be used to

remove loose and flaking paint. Electrical sanders may then be used to

achieve the complete removal of paint which are adhered too tightly

to those surfaces for hand scraping.

The following paint removal methods were used in Phase I of EHEP but were dropped from consideration during the Phase II deleading operations

because of excess cost, potential fire hazards, logistical problems,

or similarities with other techniques that were used in Phase I.

A. 2. 5 PROPANE TORCH

The open flame produced by a propane torch can be used to heat paint

directly to the softening point so that it can be scraped off with

metal tools. The process is easily carried out by a single workman

using a one pound propane bottle.

Until recently, the use of propane torches had been quite widespread

for this purpose. They are now falling into disfavor, however, due

to the extreme fire hazard of an open flame (especially in occupied

and furnished dwellings) and the health hazard of over -heating paints

to the point of vaporization of the pigments.

A. 2. 6 DIP TANK METHOD

Commercial furniture stripping plants have facilities for removing

old paint and varnish by totally immersing the object of interest in

large tanks containing heated alkaline solvents in an aqueous medium.

35
Doors may be stripped by this process, requiring two to three hours

of treatment during which time they are alternately soaked and scrubbed

with heavy bristle brushes. The total stripping time is dependent on

the type of paint, the number of paint layers and the temperature and

strength of the solvent bath. Doors can be stripped with hinges and

other hardware still attached. After the paint is completely removed

the doors are washed with water, air dried, planed, and then returned

to the dwelling unit where they are reinstalled and repainted.

A. 3 REPLACEMENT OF COMPONENTS

Removal of doors, door frames, windows and frames, and other trim components and replacement with new materials is an accepted technique of

LBP abatement. Replacement is used primarily when building components

have deteriorated or are damaged beyond the point of serviceability.

This method, in addition to restoring the building component to serviceability, also provides an opportunity to upgrade the quality of the

dwelling unit significantly.

Carpentry skills are required for rehanging, fitting and remounting

hardware. Custom carpentry may be required for replacing wooden sash

windows and frames in some dwelling units.

36
APPENDIX B: REFERENCING THE FACTS LIBRARY

The purpose of this appendix is to demonstrate how the user can reference the cost estimation procedure via the FACTS library of programs.

The appendix is organized in such a way that the user can become familiar enough with the FACTS library to set up a user file. The user

file, which is established by following the steps presented in this

appendix, contains an exact copy of the cost estimation program. Once

a user file has been established it is no longer necessary to repeat

each step outlined in this appendix. In particular, in order to obtain

the desired cost estimates it is only necessary to "call up" and "run"

the program stored in the user file.

Throughout the following discussion it will be assumed that the user

has already established his subscription to the RAMUS service. In

particular, it is assumed that the user has (1) the telephone number

through which the system can be referenced, (2) a user ID and (3) a password.

Before the FACTS library can be referenced, the user must first call

RAMUS. Once connected with RAMUS, the computer will request a user

ID, a secret password, and the type and name of the program to be

used.^ A sample of the type of information requested is shown below.

Note, the computer will print over the password so that it can not

be deciphered and used by someone else.

GSA 440 TIME-SHARING SYSTEM 1 ON AT - 11:23 PB:04 TTY: 60

12/12/78

USER ID--

PASSWORD?

TYPE OLD OR NEW: OLD: FACTS***

^ At the end of each statement, e.g., B310, you must press the non- printing carriage return character. This tells the computer to

proceed. If you make a mistake , e.g., typing B315 instead of B310,

you can correct by using the character To change B315 to B310,

you would type once and then 0. The line would then look like

B315"^0. In the event that you do not have enough space to make

corrections using the character you can press the escape key

(ESC). This action will cause the input for that line in the computer program to be requested a second time. If you get in a real

bind, hit the BREAK character. This disconnects you from RAMUS.

37
The computer is now ready to run FACTS. In response to the computer's

READY signal, please type RUNBIG. The computer will then ask what level

of prompting you wish; in response to the ***?, enter HE as in the sample

below

READY

RUNBIG

FACTS RESPONDING. INDICATE LEVEL OF PROMPTING AT ***? PROMPT

ENTER TO GET

AB ABBREVIATED PROMPTING

FL FULL PROMPTING

HE FULL PROMPTING + SYSTEM EXPLANATION

***? HE

The computer will then print the following details on FACTS.

FACTS CONSISTS OF AN EXECUTIVE SYSTEM AND A LIBRARY OF FULLY TESTED

ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTER PROGRAMS.

THE FACTS EXECUTIVE SYSTEM ALLOWS THE USER TO FULLY UTILIZE THE FACTS

LIBRARY OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTER PROGRAMS BY (1) PROVIDING

LIBRARY VISIBILITY, (2) CONSTRUCTING COMMANDS PROGRAMS FOR THE USER WHICH

TAKE CARE OF ALL SYSTEM DETAILS THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR SETTING UP AND

RUNNING FACTS PROGRAMS AND (3) PROVIDING USER LIBRARY MANAGEMENT. THESE

FUNCTIONS ARE ACCOMPLISHED WITHIN SUBLEVELS OF THE EXECUTIVE SYSTEM.

SUBLEVEL STATUS IS ACHIEVED THROUGH THE USE OF COMMANDS GIVEN TO THE

COMPUTER IN RESPONSE TO THE ***? PROMPT PRINTED IN THE EXECUTIVE SYSTEM

COMMAND LEVEL. THE THREE PRINCIPAL FUNCTIONS OF THE FACTS EXECUTIVE

SYSTEM ARE AS FOLLOWS:

(1) LIBRARY VISIBILITY IS ACHIEVED THROUGH THE LIST AND BRIEF SUBLEVELS

/LIST SUBLEVEL/ -PROVIDES A LIST OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE

IN THE FACTS LIBRARY. THE FACTS LIBRARY, WHICH IS CONSTANTLY EXPANDING,

IS DIVIDED INTO SUBAREAS THAT ARE IDENTIFIED BY EITHER A SINGLE ALPHABET

LETTER OR BY A LETTER AND A NUMBER. A LIST OF THE SUBAREAS AND THE

NUMBER OF FACTS PROGRAMS IN EACH SUBAREA IS AVAILABLE AS AN OPTION

WITHIN THE LIST SUBLEVELS OF THE EXECUTIVE SYSTEM.

/BRIEF SUBLEVEL/ -PROVIDES A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE CAPABILITIES AND

DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH PROGRAM IN THE FACTS LIBRARY.

(2)

CONSTRUCTION OF COMMANDS PROGRAMS IS ACHIEVED THROUGH THE CONSTRUCT

SUBLEVEL.

38
/CONSTRUCT SUBLEVEL/ -FOR EACH FACTS LIBRARY PROGRAM THAT THE USER

WANTS TO RUN, THE COMPUTER CREATES A SMALL COMMANDS PROGRAM TO HANDLE

ALL THE DETAILS REQUIRED TO MAKE THE PROGRAM OPERATIONAL. THIS SMALL

PROGRAM IS STORED IN THE USERS OWN LIBRARY BY THE COMPUTER AND ITS

NAME RECORDED IN A DIRECTORY FILE THAT THE COMPUTER GENERATES FOR THE

USER THE FIRST TIME IT CREATES A COMMANDS PROGRAM FOR HIM. EACH TIME

THE USER CREATES ANOTHER COMMANDS PROGRAM IT IS ALSO STORED IN HIS

LIBRARY AND ITS NAME IS ADDED TO HIS DIRECTORY FILE. THUS, THE USERS

DIRECTORY FILE CONTAINS A CURRENT LIST OF THE COMMANDS PROGRAMS THAT

ARE IN HIS LIBRARY. COMMANDS PROGRAMS ARE CREATED BY THE FACTS

EXECUTIVE SYSTEM BUT THEY ARE RUN UNDER RAMUS IN THE SAME MANNER AS

ANY OTHER COMPUTER PROGRAM ON THE RAMUS SYSTEM. A COMMANDS PROGRAM,

ONCE GENERATED, CAN BE USED OVER AND OVER AGAIN WITHOUT RETURNING TO

THE FACTS EXECUTIVE SYSTEM.

(3)MANAGEMENT OF THE USERS LIBRARY OF COMMANDS PROGRAMS IS HANDLED

THROUGH THE DELETE, DIRECTORY AND MESSAGE SUBLEVELS.

/DELETE SUBLEVEL/ -PROVIDES THE MECHANISM FOR LISTING THE CONTENT OF

THE USERS DIRECTORY FILE(S) AND FOR DELETING COMMANDS PROGRAMS FROM

HIS LIBRARY. THE NAMES OF DELETED COMMANDS PROGRAMS ARE REMOVED FROM

THE USERS DIRECTORY FILE. THUS, THE DIRECTORY IS ALWAYS CURRENT.

/DIRECTORY SUBLEVEL/ -ALLOWS THE USER TO LIST THE CONTENT OF HIS

DIRECTORY FILE(S).

/MESSAGE SUBLEVEL/ -ALLOWS THE USER TO MAKE COMMENTS ON FACTS DURING

THE ACTUAL USE OF THE SYSTEM. MESSAGES ARE REVIEWED AT FREQUENT

INTERVALS AND THE USER IS NORMALLY CONTACTED IF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

IS REQUIRED.

NOTE: COMMANDS AND RESPONSES SHOULD BE ENTERED ONLY IN RESPONSE TO

PROMPTS: OTHERWISE IT CONFUSES THE COMPUTER. ALSO, THINK BEFORE YOU

RESPOND TO A COMPUTER PROMPT, A LITTLE THOUGHT WILL PAY-OFF.

THE FACTS LIBRARY CONSISTS OF A NUMBER OF FULLY TESTED ENGINEERING AND

SCIENTIFIC COMPUTER PROGRAMS. THESE PROGRAMS ARE REALLY SUBROUTINES

AND EACH CONTAINS A PREAMBLE WHICH DEFINES THE PURPOSE OF THE PROGRAM,

THE DATA REQUIRED TO MAKE IT OPERATIONAL AND OTHER INFORMATION NECESSARY

FOR ITS EFFICIENT OPERATION. SINCE THESE PROGRAMS ARE SUBROUTINES, THEY

MAY BE LINKED TOGETHER FOR SOLVING EXTREMELY COMPLEX PROBLEMS WHERE

A MULTIPLICITY OF OPERATIONS ARE REQUIRED. THE FACTS EXECUTIVE SYSTEM

CAN READ AND INTERPRET THE CONTENT OF THE PREAMBLE OF FACTS PROGRAMS AND

FROM THIS ANALYSIS, CREATE A COMMANDS PROGRAM CONTAINING THE ELEMENTS

THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR MAKING THE FACTS SUBROUTINE FULLY OPERATIONAL.

39
YOU ARE NOW AT COMMAND LEVEL (PROMPT SYMBOL***)

ENTER NEXT FACTS COMMAND AT ***? PROMPT.

VALID ACCEPTABLE PROMPT COMMAND

COMMANDS ABBREVIATION SYMBOL ACTION

ABBREVIATE AB *** PRINT ABBREVIATED PROMPTING

BRIEF BR $$$ PRINT BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAMS

CONSTRUCT CO -H-+ CONSTRUCT COMMANDS PROGRAMS

DELETE DE %%% DELETE COMMANDS PROGRAMS

DIRECTORY DI &&& LIST OF PROGRAMS IN USER’S DIRECTORY

FULL FL *** PRINT FULL PROMPTING

HELP HE PRINT FACTS SYSTEM DETAILS

LIST LI m LIST OF FACTS PROGRAMS

MESSAGE ME +++ MAKE SYSTEM COMMENTS

RAMUS RA «< PRINT RAMUS SYSTEM DETAILS

STOP STOP RETURNS USER TO RAMUS SYSTEM

In respose to the ***? question. please enter RA. This will tell

the computer to print the following details on RAMUS.

***? RA

<«

ALL PROGRAMS, INCLUDING THE FACTS EXECUTIVE SYSTEM, ARE RUN UNDER THE

CONTROL OF RAMUS (REMOTE ACCESS MULTI-USER SYSTEM). IN ORDER TO RUN A

COMMANDS PROGRAM DEVELOPED WITHIN FACTS, THE USER MUST EXIT TO RAMUS.

THIS CAN BE DONE AT ANY TIME BY TYPING AN S AND THEN HITTING A CARRIAGE

RETURN OR WHEN AT COMMAND LEVEL THE USER MAY TYPE STOP. AT RAMUS LEVEL

THE USER MAY RUN ANY PROGRAM BY TYPING "RUN OPTION: PROGRAM NAME" FOR

EXAMPLE, IF THE USER WANTED TO RUN A COMMANDS PROGRAM NAMED RLROl AND

ITS RUN OPTION IS RUN, THE USER WOULD TYPE RUN: RLROl AND THEN HIT A

CARRIAGE RETURN. (FOR GREATER DETAIL OF THE RAMUS SYSTEM AND ITS OPTIONS,

THE USER MUST OBTAIN A COPY OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM MANUAL THROUGH GSA)

YOU ARE NOW AT COMMAND LEVEL (PROMPT SYMBOL***).

ENTER NEXT FACTS COMMAND AT ***? PROMPT.

VALID ACCEPTABLE PROMPT

COMMANDS ABBREVIATION SYMBOL

ABBREVIATE AB Itick BRIEF BR 111 III III CONSTRUCT CO -HH- DELETE DE %%%

DIRECTORY DI &&&

FULL FL k-k-k HELP HE @@@

LIST LI ////// MESSAGE ME + + + RAMUS RA «<

STOP STOP

COMMAND

ACTION_

PRINT ABBREVIATED PROMPTING

PRINT BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAMS

CONSTRUCT COMMANDS PROGRAMS

DELETE COMMANDS PROGRAMS

LIST OF PROGRAMS IN USER'S DIRECTORY

PRINT FULL PROMPTING

PRINT FACTS SYSTEM DETAILS

LIST OF FACTS PROGRAMS

MAKE SYSTEM COMMENTS

PRINT RAMUS SYSTEM DETAILS

RETURNS USER TO RAMUS SYSTEM

40
In response to ***?, please type LI; this will get you to the LIST

level of FACTS. When the computer prints #////?, please type *; this

will tell the computer to list all the functional codes, the number

of programs in each area, and a description of the functional code.

Typing LI in response to the first question, and * in response to

the second will cause the following output to be printed.

***? LI

YOU ARE NOW AT LIST LEVEL (PROMPT SYMBOL ////#).

ENTER ONE FUNCTIONAL AREA CODE (E.G. J) IN RESPONSE TO EACH PROMPT.

ENTER AN * FOR LIST OF CODES. ENTER WORD END TO RETURN TO COMMAND

LEVEL

.

//////?*

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMS DESCRIPTION

AREA CODE IN AREA

E 1 ELECTRICAL

Hi 8 HYDRAULICS -SPILLWAYS

«2 11 HYDRUALICS -OUTLET WORKS

H

3

2 HYDRAULICS-GATES & VALUES

He 23 HYDRAULICS -OPEN CHANNELS

H? 5 HYDRAULICS-SPECIAL PROBLEMS

I 4 SOILS

J 3 ECONOMICS

L 2 MECHANICAL

M 1 MATHEMATICAL

U 1 GEODESORY & SURVEYING

X 21 STRUCTURAL

Z 1 OTHER

After the computer has printed information on the functional codes, it

will ask the user if a listing of individual programs is desired. Since

the program on deleading costs is stored in the functional area code J,

the user should enter J in response to ////#. The listing will then identify J0003 as the desired program. (Note, as of the date of the printing

of this publication, the computerized cost estimation program had not

been placed in the FACTS library. Thus, the listing of all programs

in the J, economic, functional area code is necessary to determine if

J0003 is the correct FACTS program number.) An output similar to that

which follows would then be printed.

The user should then type END and BR in response to the prompting, ***?,

question from the computer so that a brief of program J0003 can be

obtained (see below).

41
***? BR

YOU ARE NOW AT BRIEF LEVEL (PROMPT SYMBOL $$$)

.

ENTER ONE PROGRAM NAME (E.G. H2010) IN RESPONSE TO EACH PROMPT.

TYPE WORK END TO RETURN TO COMMAND LEVEL.

$$$ ? J0003

I. DESCRIPTION

J0003 WILL ANALYZE THE COSTS OF THE ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR

ELIMINATING THE LEAD PAINT HAZARD FROM A DWELLING UNIT. THE

PROGRAM PERMITS THE USER TO INPUT SPECIFIC INFORMATION ON ANTICIPATED CONTRACT PACKAGES OF DWELLING UNITS. THE LEAST-COST

COMBINATION OF ABATEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR EACH DWELLING UNIT IS

IDENTIFIED. DWELLING UNITS ARE GROUPED TOGETHER INTO CONTRACT

PACKAGES SO THAT THE SUM OF THE EXPECTED BID PRICES IS MINIMIZED.

THE EXPECTED BID PRICE FOR EACH CONTRACT IS GIVEN. EXPECTED

CONTRACT COSTS FOR EACH DWELLING UNIT ARE ALSO GIVEN.

II. LIMITATIONS

J0003 WILL HANDLE ANTICIPATED CONTRACT PACKAGES OF UP TO 10

DWELLING UNITS. DATA FOR EACH DWELLING UNIT IS ENTERED IN

RESPONSE TO QUESTIONS AT RUN TIME.

III. DATA

TWO TYPES OF DATA ARE INPUT, CONTRACT SPECIFIC DATA AND DWELLING

UNIT SPECIFIC DATA. INPUT DATA FOR EACH ANTICIPATED CONTRACT

CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING:

A. CONTRACT SPECIFIC DATA

WAGE

CARPENTER

PAINTER

PLASTERER

PAPER HANGER

APPRENTICE CARPENTER

LABORER

MATERIAL

GYPSUM WALLBOARD

PLYWOOD PANELING

VINYL-COATED FABRIC

CEMENT-COATED FIBERGLASS

FLAT LATEX WALL PAINT

SEMI -GLOSS ENAMEL

(OIL BASE)

AVERAGE HOURLY

WAGE RATE

PRICE PER 4' X 8’ SHEET

PRICE PER SQUARE YARD

PRICE PER SQUARE YARD

PRICE PER GALLON

PRICE PER GALLON

42
IF NEEDED;

UNFINISHED DOOR PRICE FOR ONE, NEW

UNFINISHED DOOR FRAME

UNFINISHED WINDOW AND FRAME PRICE FOR BOTH, NEW

B. DWELLING UNIT DATA

GROSS SQ. FT. OF WALL AREA SQUARE FEET

NET SQ. FT. OF WALL AREA

LINEAR FT. OF DOORS AND FRAME LINEAR FEET

LINEAR FT. OF WINDOWS & FRAMES

LINEAR FT. OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM

OCCUPANCY PERCENT OCCUPIED

1 IF OCCUPIED

0 IF UNOCCUPIED

WAINSCOATING PERCENT OF WALL AREA

SUBSTRATE CONDITION PERCENT UNSOUND

OR 1 IF POOR

0 IF SATISFACTORY OR BETTER

PANTRY WORK PERCENT NEEDING IT OR 1 IF NEEDED

0 IF NOT

WALLPAPER ON WALLS PERCENT HAVING > 2 LAYERS 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS

0 IF NOT

IF NEEDED:

NUMBER OF DOORS TO REPLACE NUMBER

NUMBER OF DOOR FRAMES TO REPLACE

NUMBER OF WINDOWS AND FRAMES

TO REPLACE

ADDRESS DU/AGE CATEGORY

XRF READINGS AVERAGE OR SEPARATE OR ADDRESS AS SPECIFIED

FOR EACH TRIM TYPE

FINISH

$$$? END

The user has now Identified the computerized cost estimation program

and is now ready to construct a file to store a "duplicate" of the

FACTS program. To do this, type END in response to $$$, and then CO

in response to the prompting, ***?, question. Study the following steps

carefully. First, when the computer prints -H-f? , hit the nonprinting

carriage return character. Second, type J0003 (if the FACTS program

number for the computerized deleading program was different, please

enter that number) when the computer prints -I-H-? . Third, type FINIS.

43
Fourth, enter three letters (for example, your initials). The FACTS

executive system then automatically establishes a directory file and

assigns you a program name. You should record this information where

you can easily refer to it. Fifth, type END. Sixth, type STOP. These

six steps should generate an output similar to that which follows.

***? CO

YOU ARE NOW AT CONSTRUCT LEVEL (PROMPT SYMBOLS +++)

ENTER DIRECTORY FILE NAME? IF YOU DON'T HAVE ONE, HIT A CARRIAGE RETURN.

-H-+ ?

ENTER ONE PROGRAM NAME (E.G. H2010) IN RESPONSE TO

EACH PROMPT. AFTER ALL NAMES HAVE BEEN ENTERED, TYPE FINIS AFTER

SUBSEQUENT PROMPT.

+-H- ? J0003

-l-H- ? FINIS

ENTER 3 CHARACTERS (E.G. YOUR INTIALS) TO BE USED AS A PREFIX

IN NAMING YOUR NEW DIRECTORY FILE.

-m- ? KAH

THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS ARE ADDED TO YOUR DIRECTORY FILE KAH100

(MON 12/12/78)

COMMANDS PROGRAM NAME FACTS PROGRAM USED RUN OPTION

KAH00 J0003 RUNBIG

THESE PROGRAMS WILL BE SAVED UNTIL YOU DELETE THEM. THEY CAN BE RUN AT

RAMUS LEVEL BY ENTERING RUN OPTION: COMMENTS PROGRAM NAME (E.G. RUNBIG:

SRH00).

*** ? STOP

The computer has now returned you to RAMUS. You may now run your program

by typing OLD: (your program name) and then RUNBIG after the computer

prints READY.

44
APPENDIX C: SAMPLE COMPUTER RUNS

The purpose of this appendix is to provide the reader with detailed

examples of actual computer runs. The reader is encouraged to carefully study the computer runs included in this appendix since examples

of both contract and program cost estimates are provided. Once the

reader has studied the type and nature of the data Inputs and outputs,

it should be possible for both sections of the computer program to be run and interpreted with little or no difficulty.

C.l Forecasting Abatement Costs for an Individual Dwelling Unit or Contract

A sample computer run for estimating the cost of deleading 10 dwelling

units is provided in this section. This computer run is intended to

illustrate 1) the type and nature of data inputs, 2) the way in which

the computer output identifies the dwelling units in a contract package

and estimates their deleading costs, 3) the way in whch the computer

output identifies the least cost abatement technique for each dwelling

unit, and 4) the way in which the computer output Identifies the

expected bid price and markup ratio of the contract.

Recall that information on no more than 10 dwelling units can be input

into the computer program at any one time. In addition, every effort

should be made to group dwelling units so that they are geographically

close when establishing the "preliminary" contract package. In the

example presented in this section all 10 dwelling units are on the same

block. Although this does not imply that only dwelling units which are

in the same neighborhood should be grouped together, care should be

exercised to insure that contractor transportation costs are held to a minimum.
SAMPLE COMPUTER RUN

OLD: KAH0^)

READY

RUNNH

KAH00 10:18 ATL MON 08/14/78

WAGE RATE INFORMATION

INPUT WAGE

? 9.18

INPUT WAGE

? 9.67

INPUT WAGE

? 9.12

INPUT WAGE

? 8.50

INPUT WAGE

? 5.68

INPUT WAGE

? 5.62

RATE PER HOUR FOR CARPENTER

RATE PER HOUR FOR PAINTER

RATE PER HOUR FOR PLASTERER

RATE PER HOUR FOR PAPERHANGER

RATE PER HOUR FOR APPRENTICE CARPENTER

RATE PER HOUR FOR LABORER

MATERIAL PRICE INFORMATION

INPUT PRICE OF 4 FT BY 8 FT SHEET OF GYPSUM WALLBOARD

? 2.40

INPUT PRICE OF 4 FT BY 8 FT SHEET OF PLYWOOD PANELLING

? 8.00

INPUT PRICE PER SQUARE YARD OF VINYL-COATED FABRIC

? 4.75

INPUT PRICE PER SQUARE YARD OF CEMENT-COATED FIBERGLASS

? 3.00

INPUT PRICE PER GALLON OF LATEX FLAT WALL PAINT

? 9.00

INPUT PRICE PER GALLON OF SEMI -GLOSS ENAMEL (OIL BASE)

? 11.00

TYPE 1 IF THERE ARE ANY DOORS, DOOR FRAMES OR WINDOWS

AND FRAMES THAT NEED TO BE REPLACED, 0 IF NOT

? 0

IF PROGRAM COST ESTIMATES ARE DESIRED, TYPE 1, IF

CONTRACT COST ESTIMATES ARE DESIRED, TYPE 0

? 0

INPUT NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS TO BE DONE (MUST BE < = 10)

? 10

STOP FOR A MINUTE AND CHECK THE DATA YOU HAVE JUST INPUT

IF ANY ERROR WAS MADE IN ENTERING IT, YOU MAY TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS: IF NOT, TYPE 0 TO CONTINUE

? 0

46
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 1

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? 102 MAIN STREET

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 450

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 39

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 40

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 66

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1

INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G. , 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 3.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

47
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 2

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? CONTRACT 5 - D.U. 2 INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 700

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

$ 75

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 52

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 74

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1 INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? .25

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 5.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

48
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 3

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? CONTRACT 5 - D.U. 3

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 600

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 99

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 60

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 86

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1

INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 1

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 3.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

49
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 4

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? CONTRACT 5 - D.U. 4***

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 360

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 18

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 0

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 0

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1 INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 1.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

50
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 5

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? CONTRACT 5 - D.U. 5***

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 560

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 32

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 34

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 52

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1 INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 1.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

51
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 6

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? CONTRACT 5 - D.U. 6

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 5)&0

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 75

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 52

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 74

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1 INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 1 TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 9.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

52
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 7

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? CONTRACT 5 - D.U. 7***

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 320

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 32

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 34

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 52

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1

INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 5.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

53
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 8

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? CONTRACT 5 - D.U. 8***

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 520

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 42

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 0

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 0

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1 INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 1 TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 1.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

54
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 9

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? CONTRACT 5 - D.U.9***

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 65I&

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 57

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 48

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 74

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 0

INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 1

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILABLE

? 3.0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 3.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

55
DWELLING UNIT NUMBER 10

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? CONTRACT 5 - D.U. 10

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 450

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 81

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF

WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 52

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING

PAINT REMOVAL

? 78

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? 1

INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? .25

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,

WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE

IS AVAILALBE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 3.0

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS

IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

56
CONTRACT 1

DWELLING UNIT 8

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

DWELLING UNIT 4

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

DWELLING UNIT 9

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

DWELLING UNIT 6

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

DWELLING UNIT 7

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

DWELLING UNIT 5

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

116 MAIN STREET

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 477.892

108 MAIN STREET

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 355.398

118 MAIN STREET

GYPSUM WALLBOARD

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 914.903

112 MAIN STREET

GYPSUM WALLBOARD

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 942.53

CONTRACT PRICE

MARKUP RATIO

CONTRACT 2

114 MAIN STREET

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 586.713

110 MAIN STREET

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 685.026

CONTRACT PRICE

MARKUP RATIO

$ 3123.88

1.16098

$ 1735.34

1.36454

57
CONTRACT 3

DWELLING UNIT 2

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

DWELLING UNIT 1

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

104 MAIN STREET

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 783.331

102 MAIN STREET

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 696.741

CONTRACT PRICE

MARKUP RATIO

$ 2082.18

1.40681

DWELLING UNIT 10

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

DWELLING UNIT 3

WALL TECHNIQUE

TRIM TECHNIQUE

DIRECT COST

CONTRACT 4

120 MAIN STREET

CEMENTITIOUS COATING

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 754.359

106 MAIN STREET

VENEER PLASTER

ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

$ 846.427

CONTRACT PRICE $ 2351.66

MARKUP RATIO 1.46907

IF YOU WISH TO DO MORE COST ESTIMATES TYPE 1, IF NOT TYPE 0

? 0

RUNNING TIME: 38.8 SECS I/O TIME : 261.3 SECS

READY

BYE

OFF AT 11:04

58
C.2 Forecasting Abatement Costs for a Major Program

The purpose of this section is twofold. First, it is intended that this

section illustrate the type and nature of data inputs and outputs associated with the use of the computer program for policy analysis. Second,

a framework for estimating baseline program costs based on the results

of the dwelling unit survey is established.

Part 1: Computer Run

OLD: KAH00

READY

RUNNH

KAH00 13:50 ATL MON 12/12/78

WAGE RATE INFORMATION

INPUT WAGE RATE

? 8.20

INPUT WAGE RATE

? 8.50

INPUT WAGE RATE

? 7.70

INPUT WAGE RATE

? 7.30

INPUT WAGE RATE

? 5.00

INPUT WAGE RATE

? 5.50

PER HOUR FOR CARPENTER

PER HOUR FOR PAINTER

PER HOUR FOR PLASTERER

PER HOUR FOR PAPERHANGER

PER HOUR FOR APPRENTICE CARPENTER

PER HOUR FOR LABORER

MATERIAL PRICE INFORMATION

INPUT PRICE OF 4 FT BY 8 FT SHEET OF GYPSUM WALLBOARD

? 2.20

INPUT PRICE OF 4 FT BY 8 FT SHEET OF PLYWOOD PANELLING

? 5.90

INPUT PRICE PER SQUARE YARD OF VINYL-COATED FABRIC

? 4.10

INPUT PRICE PER SQUARE YARD OF CEMENT-COATED FIBERGLASS

? 3.00

INPUT PRICE PER GALLON OF LATEX FLAT WALL PAINT

? 6.50

INPUT PRICE PER GALLON OF SEMI -GLOSS ENAMEL (OIL BASE)

? 7.70

TYPE 1 IF THERE ARE ANY DOORS, DOOR FRAMES OR WINDOWS AND

FRAMES THAT NEED TO BE REPLACED, 0 IF NOT

? 0

IF PROGRAM COST ESTIMATES ARE DESIRED, TYPE 1, IF CONTRACT COST

ESTIMATES ARE DESIRED, TYPE 0

? 1

59
STOP FOR A MINUTE AND CHECK THE DATA YOU HAVE JUST INPUT IF ANY ERROR

WAS MADE IN ENTERING IT, YOU MAY TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS:

IF NOT, TYPE 0 TO CONTINUE

? 0

DWELLING UNIT INFORMATION

TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT

? PRE 40 SINGLE ATTACHED

FOR POLICY ESTIMATES INPUT AVERAGES FOR SQUARE FEET, LINEAR FEET, XRF,

ETC.; AND PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLE NEEDED FOR THOSE VARIABLES REQUIRING

A 1 OR 0

INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

? 450

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR

FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 33

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF WINDOW FRAMES

REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 30

INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL

? 110

TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT

? .975

INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED

(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)

? 0

TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT

? .25

TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT

? .10

TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,

0 IF NOT

? .05

TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS, WINDOWS AND

MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE IS AVAILABLE

? 0

INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING

? 3.47

STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING LUNIT IF THERE IS AN ERROR,

TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS IF NOT, TYPE 0

? 0

PRE 40 SINGLE ATTACHED

WALL COST

597.572

TRIM COST TOTAL COST MARKUP RATIO

209.972 807.545 1.31

IF YOU WISH TO DO MORE COST ESTIMATES TYPE 1, IF NOT TYPE 0

? 0

RUNNING TIME: 13.7 SECS I/O TIME: 50.3 SECS

READY

BYE

OFF AT 14:20

60
Part 2: Baseline Program Cost Estimate

In Section 2.4 a framework for determining baseline program cost

estimates based on the results of the dwelling unit survey was developed. Based on the results of the computer run presented in Part 1, we can conclude that the costs of deleading the "statistical" Pre 40

Single Family Attached dwelling unit is approximately $810. Now since

the dwelling unit survey revealed that there were 750 dwelling units

in this category (see Section 2.4), a baseline program cost estimate

of approximately $610,000 is indicated. Once the different types

and ages of dwelling units in the region under study have been

identified and the number of dwelling units in each category counted,

a table similar to Table 2.3 can be constructed. Unlike Table 2.3

this table would include the baseline program cost estimate rather than

the number of dwelling units in each category. Strategies for dealing

with particular type/age categories based on program costs could then

be developed.

61
APPENDIX D: LISTING OF COMPUTER PROGRAM

00001REMP2)OCHAIN RUNNH: J0003***

00010REMS141

.

000I2REMS01

DESCRIPTION

00014REMS62

00016REMS01

J0003 WILL ANALYZE THE COSTS OF THE ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR

00018REMS62

00020REMS01

ELIMINATING THE LEAD PAINT HAZARD FROM A DWELLING UNIT. THE

00022REMS60

00024REMS01

PROGRAM PERMITS THE USER TO INPUT SPECIFIC INFORMATION ON

00026REMS62

00028REMS01

ANTICIPATED CONTRACT PACKAGES OF DWELLING UNITS. THE LEAST00030REMS61

00032REMS01

COST COMBINATION OF ABATEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR EACH DWELLING

00034REMS63

00036REMSO1

UNIT IS IDENTIFIED. DWELLING UNITS ARE GROUPED TOGETHER INTO

00038REMS63

00040REMS01

CONTRACT PACKAGES SO THAT THE SUM OF THE EXPECTED BID PRICES

00042REMS60

00044REMS01

IS MINIMIZED. THE EXPECTED BID PRICE FOR EACH CONTRACT IS

00046REMS60

00048REMS01

GIVEN. EXPECTED CONTRACT COSTS FOR EACH DWELLING UNIT ARE

00050REMS14

00052REMS01

ALSO GIVEN.

00054REMSI42.

00056REMS01

LIMITATIONS

00058REMS62

0006OREMS01

J0003 WILL HANDLE ANTICIPATED CONTRACT PACKAGES OF UP TO 10

00062REMS60

00064REMS01

DWELLING UNITS. DATA FOR EACH DWELLING UNIT IS ENTERED IN

00066REMS37

00068REMSO1

RESPONSE TO INQUIRIES AT RUN TIME.

00070REMS073.

00072REMS01

DATA

00074REMS58

00076REMS01

TWO TYPES OF DATA ARE INPUT, CONTRACT SPECIFIC DATA AND

00078REMS63

0008OREMS01

DWELLING UNIT SPECIFIC DATA. INPUT DATA FOR EACH ANTICIPATED

00082REMS38

00084REMS01

CONTRACT CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:

00086REMS27 A. CONTRACT SPECIFIC DATA

00088REMS01

0009OREMS09

00092REMS54

00094REMS51

00096REMS01

WAGE

AVERAGE HOURLY

CARPENTER WAGE RATE

00098REMS48

00100REMS01

PAINTER

00102REMS48

00104REMS01

PLASTERER

00106REMS48 PAPER HANGER

62
00108REMS01

00110REMS48

00112REMS01

APPRENTICE CARPENTER II

00114REMS48

00116REMS01

00118REMS13

00120REMS01

LABORER

MATERIAL

II

00122REMS63

00124REMS01

GYPSUM WALLBOARD PRICE PER 4’ X 8’ SHEET

00126REMS54

00128REMS01

PLYWOOD PANELING

00130REMS61

00132REMS01

VINYL-COATED FABRIC PRICE PER SQUARE YARD

00134REMS56

00136REMS01

LATEX FLAT WALL PAINT PRICE PER GALLON

00138REMS48

00140REMS18

00142REMS01

00144REMS15

00146REMS01

SEMI -GLOSS ENAMEL

(OIL BASE)

IF NEEDED:

•1

00148REMS58

00150REMS01

UNFINISHED DOOR PRICE FOR ONE, NEW

00152REMS51

00154REMS01

UNFINISHED DOOR FRAME

00156REMS59

00158REMS01

00160REMS23

00162REMS01

UNFINISHED WINDOW AND

B. DWELLING UNIT DATA

FRAME PRICE FOR BOTH, NEW

00164REMS51

00166REMS01

GROSS SQ. FT. OF WALL AREA SQUARE FEET

00168REMS51

00170REMS01

LINEAR FT. OF DOORS AND FRAMES LINEAR FEET

00172REMS46

00174REMS01

LINEAR FT. OF WINDOWS & FRAMES II

00176REMS46

00178REMS01

LINEAR FT. OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM

00180REMS61

00182REMS63

OCCUPANCY PERCENT OCCUPIED OR 1 IF OCCUPIED

0 IF UNOCCUPIED

00184REMS48

00186REMS01

WAINSCOTTING PERCENT OF WALL AREA

00188REMS43

00190REMS01

SUBSTRATE CONDITION PERCENT UNSOUND OR 1 IF POOR

0 IF NOT

00192REMS61

00194REMS58

PANTRY WORK PERCENT NEEDING IT OR 1 IF NEEDED

0 IF NOT

00196REMS63

00198REMS60

WALLPAPER ON WALLS PERCENT HAVING >2 LAYERS, 1 IF 3 OR

MORE LAYERS 0 IF

00200REMS48 IF NEEDED: NONE

63
NUMBER OF DOORS TO BE REPLACED

NUMBER OF DOOR FRAMES TO REPLACE

NUMBER OF WINDOWS AND FRAMES

TO REPLACE

ADDRESS

XRF READINGS

DU/AGE CATEGORY

AVERAGE OR SEPARATE OR

FOR EACH TRIM TYPE

ADDRESS AS SPECIFIED

00202REMS01

00204REMS36

00206REMS01

00208REMS38

00210REMS01

00212REMS34

00214REMS17

00216REMS01

00218REMS60

00220REMS01

00222REMS42

002?4REMS38

10000 FILES WAGE;MATL;AWR

10005 DIM D(10,10),F(10,10),L(10,10),P(10,10)

10010 DIM W(10,10),Y(10,10),Z(5,10),X(45,3)

10015 DIM Z$(10),P$(10),Y$(10),Q$(10)

10020 REM READ NAMES OF WALL TECHNIQUES INTO VARIABLES

10025 READ A$ , B$ , C$ ,D$ ,E$ ,F$

10030 DATA GYPSUM WALLBOARD, PLYWOOD PANELING, CEMENTITIOUS COATING

10035 DATA VENEER PLASTER , VINYL-COATED FABRIC, CEMENT-COATED FIBERGLASS

10040 REM READ NAMES OF TRIM TECHNIQUES INTO VARIABLES

10045 READ G$,H$,I$,J$

10050 DATA INFRA-RED DEVICE , SOLVENT STRIP , ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

10055 DATA HAND SCRAPING , 10060 MAT READ F(7,6)

10065 DATA 0.6,0,0,0,0.4,0,0.82,0,0,0,0.18,0,0.24,0.6,0,0,0.16,0

10070 DATA 0.20,0.39,0.29,0,0,0.12,0.26,0.26,0,0.48,0,0

10075 DATA 0.50,0.14,0,0.36,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.5,0.5

10080 READ K$,L$

10085 DATA NONE , COMPONENT REPLACEMENT ONLY

10090 REM WAGE RATES STORED AS W(I,1) FOR MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

10095 PRINT "WAGE RATE INFORMATION"

10100 PRINT

10105 MAT W=ZER(6,1)

10110 PRINT "INPUT WAGE RATE PER HOUR FOR CARPENTER"

10115 INPUT W(l,l)

10120 PRINT "INPUT WAGE RATE PER HOUR FOR PAINTER"

10125 INPUT W(2,l)

10130 PRINT "INPUT WAGE RATE PER HOUR FOR PLASTERER"

10135 INPUT W(3,l)

10140 PRINT "INPUT WAGE RATE PER HOUR FOR PAPERHANGER"

10145 INPUT W(4,l)

10150 PRINT "INPUT WAGE RATE PER HOUR FOR APPRENTICE CARPENTER"

10155 INPUT W(5,l)

10160 PRINT "INPUT WAGE RATE PER HOUR FOR LABORER"

10165 INPUT W(6,l)

10170 MAT L=ZER(7,1)

10175 MAT L=F*W

10180 SCRATCH //I 10185 SCRATCH //3 10190 MAT WRITE //1,W

64
10195 MAT WRITE #3,L

10200 REM MATERIAL PRICES STORED AS M(I)

10205 PRINT

10210 PRINT

10215 PRINT "MATERIAL PRICE INFORMATION”

10220 PRINT

10225 SCRATCH //2 10230 PRINT "INPUT PRICE OF 4 FT BY 8 FT SHEET OF GYPSUM WALLBOARD"

10235 INPUT M(l)

10240 PRINT "INPUT PRICE OF 4 FT BY 8 FT SHEET OF PLYWOOD PANELING"

10245 INPUT M(2)

10250 PRINT "INPUT PRICE PER SQUARE YARD OF VINYL-COATED FABRIC"

10255 INPUT M(3)

10260 PRINT "INPUT PRICE PER GALLON OF LATEX FLAT WALL PAINT"

10265 INPUT M(4)

10270 PRINT "INPUT PRICE PER GALLON OF SEMI -GLOSS ENAMEL (OIL BASE)"

10275 INPUT M(5)

10280 FOR L=1 TO 5

10285 WRITE //2,M(L)

10290 NEXT L

10295 PRINT "TYPE 1 IF THERE ARE ANY DOORS, DOOR FRAMES OR WINDOWS"

10300 PRINT "AND FRAMES THAT NEED TO BE REPLACED, 0 IF NOT"

10305 INPUT Q

10310 IF Q=0 THEN 10345

10315 PRINT "INPUT PRICE OF NEW, UNFINISHED DOOR"

10320 INPUT M(6)

10325 PRINT "INPUT PRICE OF NEW, UNFINISHED DOOR FRAME"

10330 INPUT M( 7)

10335 PRINT "INPUT PRICE OF NEW, UNFINISHED WINDOW AND FRAME"

10340 INPUT M(8)

10345 PRINT

10350 REM COMPUTE AVERAGE WAGE RATES FOR EACH WALL TECHNIQUE AND FOR TRIM

10355 PRINT "IF PROGRAM COST ESTIMATES ARE DESIRED, TYPE 1, IF"

10360 PRINT "CONTRACT COST ESTIMATES ARE DESIRED, TYPE 0"

10365 INPUT P

10370 IF P=1 THEN 10395

10375 PRINT "INPUT NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS TO BE DONE (MUST BE <= 10)"

10380 INPUT N

10385 LET N9=N

10390 GO TO 10400

10395 LET N=1

10400 PRINT

10405 PRINT "STOP FOR A MINUTE AND CHECK THE DATA YOU HAVE JUST INPUT"

10410 PRINT "IF ANY ERROR WAS MADE IN ENTERING IT, YOU MAY TYPE 1"

10415 PRINT "TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS; IF NOT, TYPE 0 TO CONTINUE"

10420 INPUT Z 10425 IF Q7<>1 THEN 10435

10430 IF Z=1 THEN 10295

10435 IF Z=1 THEN 10095

10440 REM N2 IS NUMBER OF CONTRACTS, N3 IS NUMBER OF PAIRS

10445 IF INT(N/2)=N/2 THEN 10465

65
10450 LET N2=(N+l)/2

10455 LET N3=N2-1

10460 GO TO 10475

10465 LET N2=N/2

10470 LET N3=N2

10475 MAT F=ZER(N,10)

10480 REM INPUT DU INFORMATION THAT MUST BE STORED FOR COMPUTING

10485 REM MARKUP AND BID PRICE

10490 FOR J=1 TO N

10495 IF P=0 THEN 10510

10500 PRINT " DWELLING UNIT INFORMATION"

10505 GO TO 10525

10510 PRINT

10515 PRINT

10520 PRINT " DWELLING UNIT NUMBER"J

10525 PRINT

10530 PRINT "TYPE IN AN IDENTIFYING ADDRESS OR DU TYPE FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT"

10535 INPUT Q$(J)

10540 IF P=0 THEN 10560

10545 PRINT "FOR POLICY ESTIMATES INPUT AVERAGES FOR SQUARE FEET, LINEAR F 10550 PRINT "XRF, ETC.; AND PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLE NEEDED FOR THOSE VARIABL

10555 PRINT "REQUIRING A 1 OR 0"

10560 PRINT "INPUT GROSS SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA"

10565 INPUT D(1,J)

10570 REM D(2,J) IS NET SQUARE FEET OF WALL AREA

10575 IF D(1,J)<400 THEN 10590

10580 LET D(2,J)=77+0.64*D(1,J)

10585 GO TO 10595

10590 LET D(2,J)=0.83*D(1,J)

10595 PRINT "INPUT LINEAR FEET OF DOORS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF DOOR"

10600 PRINT "FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL"

10605 INPUT D(3,J)

10610 REM D8 IS NUMBER OF DOORS AND FRAMES TO BE DELEADED

10615 LET D8=D(3,J)/8

10620 PRINT "INPUT LINEAR FEET OF WINDOWS PLUS LINEAR FEET OF"

10625 PRINT "WINDOW FRAMES REQUIRING PAINT REMOVAL"

10630 INPUT D(4,J)

10635 REM D7 IS NUMBER OF WINDOWS AND FRAMES TO BE DELEADED

10640 LET D7=D(4,J)/7

10645 PRINT "INPUT LINEAR FEET OF MISCELLANEOUS TRIM REQUIRING'

10650 PRINT "PAINT REMOVAL"

10655 INPUT D(5,J)

10660 LET D(7,J)=D(3,J)+D(4,J)+D(5,J)

10665 PRINT "TYPE 1 IF UNIT IS OCCUPIED, 0 IF NOT"

10670 INPUT D(6,J)

10675 REM INPUT OTHER DU RELATED DATA NECESSARY FOR CALCULATIONS

10680 IF D(1,J)=0 THEN 10735

10685 PRINT "INPUT PERCENT OF WALL AREA THAT IS WAINSCOTTED"

10690 PRINT "(TYPE AS A DECIMAL, E.G., 0.25 FOR 25 PERCENT)"

10695 INPUT E(3)

10700 PRINT "TYPE 1 IF SUBSTRATE CONDITION IS POOR, 0 IF NOT"

66
10705 INPUT E(4)

10710 PRINT "TYPE 1 IF PANTRY WORK IS NECESSARY, 0 IF NOT"

10715 INPUT E(5)

10720 PRINT "TYPE 1 IF 3 OR MORE LAYERS OF WALLPAPER ARE ON WALLS,"

10725 PRINT "0 IF NOT"

10730 INPUT E(6)

10735 IF Q=0 THEN 10770

10740 PRINT "INPUT NUMBER OF DOORS TO BE REPLACED"

10745 INPUT E(7)

10750 PRINT "INPUT NUMBER OF DOOR FRAMES TO BE REPLACED"

10755 INPUT E(8)

10760 PRINT "INPUT NUMBER OF WINDOWS & FRAMES TO BE REPLACED"

10765 INPUT E(9)

10770 IF D(1,J)<>0 THEN 10810

10775 LET Z1=0

10780 LET C8=0

10785 LET C9=0

10790 LET B8=0

10795 LET B9=0

10800 LET B(1)=0

10805 GO TO 10815

10810 LET Zl=9

10815 IF D(7,J)=0 THEN 10905

10820 PRINT "TYPE 1 IF SEPARATE XRF READINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DOORS,"

10825 PRINT "WINDOWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TRIM, 0 IF ONLY AN AVERAGE"

10830 PRINT "IS AVAILABLE"

10835 INPUT Y

10840 IF Y=1 THEN 10875

10845 PRINT "INPUT AVERAGE XRF READING"

10850 INPUT X

10855 LET X1=X

10860 LET X2=X

10865 LET X3=X

10870 GO TO 10905

10875 PRINT "INPUT XRF READING FOR DOORS AND DOOR FRAMES"

10880 INPUT XI

10885 PRINT "INPUT XRF READING FOR WINDOWS AND FRAMES"

10890 INPUT X2

10895 PRINT "INPUT XRF READING FOR MISCELLANEOUS TRIM"

10900 INPUT X3

10905 PRINT "STOP AND CHECK THE DATA FOR THIS DWELLING UNIT"

10910 PRINT "IF THERE IS AN ERROR, TYPE 1 TO REPEAT INPUT STATEMENTS"

10915 PRINT "IF NOT, TYPE 0"

10920 INPUT Z

10925 IF Z=1 THEN 10520

10930 REM COMPUTE PAINTING COST FOR WALLS AND CEILINGS

10935 IF Z1=0 THEN 11025

10940 LET C8=1.35*(D(l,J)/39.95)+2

10945 LET C9=D(1,J)+C8

10950 REM B8 IS PAINTING COST FOR ALL TECHNIQUES BUT GYP AND VENEER PLASTER

10955 LET B8=-0.000296*C8+0.0106*W(2,1)+0.0257*M(4)+0.1736*D(2,J)/D(1,J)

67
10960 IF B8>=0.08 THEN 10970

10965 LET B8=0.08

10970 REM B9 IS PAINTING COST FOR GYP AND VENEER PLASTER

10975 LET B9=-0. 000296*09+0. 0106*W( 2, 1)+0.0257*M(4)+0.1736*D( 2, J)/D(1,J)

10980 IF B9>=0.08 THEN 10990

10985 LET B9=0.08

10990 LET B(l) = -1.770(!Vf306.5874/D(2,J)+0.0620*L(l,l)

10995 LET B=0.5009*M(1)+0.2740*E(5)

11000 REM GYPSUM WALLBOARD

11005 LET B(1)=B(1)+B

11010 IF B(l)>=0.25 THEN 11020

11015 LET B(l)=0.25

11020 LET B(1)=B(1)*D(1,J)+B9*C9

11025 LET C(J)=B(1)

11030 LET G(J)=B(1)

11035 LET Z$(J)=A$

11040 LET P$(J)=A$

11045 IF Z1<>0 THEN 11080

11050 LET Z$(J)=K$

11055 FOR K=2 TO 6

11060 LET B(K)=0

11065 NEXT K

11070 GO TO 11340

11075 REM PLYWOOD PANELING

11080 LET A(2)=0.07995*M(2)-0.0231*L(2,1)+0.0829*E(4)

11085 LET B(2)=-0. 3245+0. 00054*D(2,J)+0.0748*L(2,1)+1.2602*A(2)

11090 IF B(2)>=0.77 THEN 11100

11095 LET B(2)=0.77

11100 LET B(2)=B(2)*D(1,J)+B8*C8

11105 IF C(J)<=B(2) THEN 11130

11110 LET C(J)=B(2)

11115 LET G(J)=B(2)

11120 LET Z$(J)=B$

11125 LET P$(J)=B$

11130 REM CEMENTITIOUS COATING

11135 LET A(3)=-0. 5002+0. 6872*D(2,J)/D(l,J)+0. 1037+0. 1741*E(4)

11140 LET B(3)=-0.8817-0.0004*D(1,J)+0.1154*L(3,1)+3.8636*A(3)+0.1416*E(6)

11145 IF B(3)>=0.22 THEN 11155

11150 LET B(3)=0.22

11155 LET B(3)=B(3)*D(1,J)+B8*C8

11160 IF C(J)<-B(3) THEN 11175

11165 LET C(J)=B(3)

11170 LET Z$(J)»C$

11175 REM VENEER PLASTER

11180 LET A(4)»A(3)-0.0847

11185 LET B( 4)-0. 8817-0. 0004*D(1,J)+0.1154*L( 4, l)+3.8636*A(4)+0.1416*E(6)+0. 206

11190 IF B(4)>-0.35 THEN 11200

11195 LET B(4)-0.35

11200 LET B(4)=B(4)*D(1,J)+B9*C9

11205 IF C(J)<-B(4) THEN 11220

11210 LET C(J)-B(4)

68
11215 LET Z$(J)=D$

11220 REM VINYL-COATED FABRIC

11225 LET R(5)=-25. 2456+0. 0276*D(2,J)+22.0745*D(2,J)/D(1,J)

11230 LET R=1.2933*L(5,1)-24.8364*E(3)

11235 LET R(5)=R(5)+R

11240 LET A(5)=0.0958*M(2)+0.5447*E(3)

11245 LET B(5)=L(5,1)/R(5)+A(5)

11250 IF B(5)>=0.84 THEN 11260

11255 LET B(5)=0.84

11260 LET B(5)=B(5)*D(1,J)+B8*C8

11265 IF C(J)<=B(5) THEN 11280

11270 LET C(J)=B(5)

11275 LET Z$(J)=E$

11280 REM CEMENT-COATED FIBERGLASS

11285 LET R(6)=43. 5809-33. 6107*D(2,J)/D(1,J)-45.5105*E(3)

11290 LET R=-3.4202*E(4)+8.1578

11295 LET R(6)=R(6)+R

11300 LET A(6)=0.5600*D(2,J)/D(1,J)+1.0900*L(6,1)/R(6)

11305 LET B(6)=L(6,1)/R(6)+A(6)

11310 IF B(6)>=0.66 THEN 11320

11315 LET B(6)=0.66

11320 LET B(6)=B(6)*D(1,J)+B8*C8

11325 IF C(J)<=B(6) THEN 11340

11330 LET C(J)=B(6)

11335 LET Z$(J)=F$

11340 REM FIND XRF TIMES LINEAR FEET FOR TRIM

11345 LET Y1=X1*D(3,J)

11350 LET Y2=X2*D(4,J)

11355 LET Y3=X3*D(5,J)

11360 REM FIND MINIMUM DIRECT COST TECHNIQUE FOR TRIM

11365 REM S(I)=DOORS T(I)=WINDOWS U(I)=TRIM V(I)=TOTAL

11370 REM INFRA-RED HEATING DEVICE

11375 IF D(6,J)=1 THEN 11445

11380 LET S(l)=(0.2903*L(7,l)-0.0007*Yl)/0.92

11385 IF S(l)>=1.05 THEN 11395

11390 LET S(l)=1.05

11395 LET T(l)=(0.2903*L(7,l)-0.0007*Y2)/0.89

11400 IF T(l)>=1.05 THEN 11410

11405 LET T(l)=1.05

11410 LET U(l)=(0.1354*L(7,l)-0. 4913)70.80

11415 IF U(l)>=0.29 THEN 11425

11420 LET U(l)=0.29

11425 LET V(1)=S(1)*D(3,J)+T(1)*D(4,J)+U(1)*D(5,J)

11430 LET H(J)=V(1)

11435 LET Y$(J)=G$

11440 GO TO 11455

11445 LET H(J)=100000

11450 LET V(1)=0

11455 REM SOLVENT-BASED PAINT REMOVER

11460 LET S(2)=(-l. 3499+0. 5727*L(7,l)-0.0013*Yl)/0. 88

11465 IF S(2)>=1.25 THEN 11475

69
11470 LET S(2)=1.25

11475 LET T(2)=(-l. 3499+0. 5727*L(7,1)-0.0013*Y2)/O. 88

11480 IF T(2)>=1.25 THEN 11490

11485 LET T(2)=1.25

11490 LET U(2)=0.1354*L(7,l)/0.82

11495 IF U(2)>=0.51 THEN 11505

11500 LET U(2)=0.51

11505 LET V(2)=S(2)*D(3,J)+T(2)*D(4,J)+U(2)*D(5,J)

11510 IF H(J)<=V(2) THEN 11525

11515 LET H(J)=V(2)

11520 LET Y$(J)=H$

11525 REM ELECTRIC HEAT GUN

11530 LET S(3)=0.2775*L(7,1)-0.00861*D(3,J)+0.1769

11535 IF S(3)>=0.58 THEN 11545

11540 LET S(3)=0.58

11545 LET T(3)=0.2775*L(7,l)-0.00861*D(4,J)+0.4735

11550 IF T(3)>=0.58 THEN 11560

11555 LET T(3)=0.58

11560 LET U(3)=0.1372*L(7,1)-0.0073*D(5,J)+0.1406

11565 IF U(3)>=0.17 THEN 11575

11570 LET U(3)=0.17

11575 LET V(3)=S(3)*D(3,J)+T(3)*D(4,J)+U(3)*D(5,J)

11580 IF H(J)<=V(3) THEN 11595

11585 LET H(J)=V(3)

11590 LET Y$(J)=I$

11595 REM HAND SCRAPING

11600 LET S(4)=0. 9468-0. 0213*D(3,J)+0.3262*L(7,1)

11605 IF S(4)>=1.16 THEN 11615

11610 LET S(4)=1.16

11615 LET T(4)=0. 9468-0. 0213*D(4,J)+0.3262*L(7,1)

11620 IF T(4)>=1.16 THEN 11630

11625 LET T(4)=1.16

11630 LET U(4)=0.1146*L(7,1)

11635 IF U(4)>=0.45 THEN 11645

11640 LET U(4)=0.45

11645 LET V(4)=S(4)*D(3,J)+T(4)*D(4,J)+U(4)*D(5,J)

11650 IF H(J)<=V(4) THEN 11665

11655 LET H(J)=V(4)

11660 LET Y$(J)=V$

11665 REM PAINTING COSTS FOR TRIM

11670 LET S(9)=(0.7517*W(2,1)+0.9343*M(5)-0.8776*D8)*D8

11675 LET T(9)=(2.5942*W(2,1)+1.5865*M(5)-3.8199*D7)*D7

11680 LET U(9)=(0.0388*W(2,1)*D(5,J)

11685 LET V(9)=S(9)+T(9)+U(9)

11690 REM V(9) IS TOTAL COST FOR PAINTING TRIM-ALL TECHNIQUES

11695 IF V(9)>=0.09*D(7,J) THEN 11705

11700 LET V(9)=0.09*D(7,J)

11705 REM COMPONENT REPLACEMENT COST

11710 LET S(8)=(0.7517*W(2,1)+0.9343*M(5)-0.8776*E(7))*E(7)*0.7

11715 LET T(8)=(0.7517*W(2,1)+0.9343*M(5)-0.8776*E(8))*E(8)*0.7

11720 LET U(8)=(2.5942*W(2,1)+1.5865*M(5)-3.8199*E(9))*E(9)

70
11725 LET V(8)=S(8)+T(8)+U(8)

11730 LET V(5)=E(7)*(95. 2023-4. 5476*L(1,1)+0.7604*M(6))

11735 LET V(5)=V(5)+E(8)*(5.702*L(1,1)+1.699*M(7))

11740 LET V(5)=V(5)+E(9)*(6.740*L(1,1)+1.1O16*M(8)+25.213)

11745 LET V(5)=Q*(V(5)+V(8))

11750 LET H(J)=H(J)+V(9)+V(5)

11755 FOR M=1 TO 4

11760 LET V(M)=V(M)+V(9)

11765 NEXT M

11770 IF H(J)=0 THEN 11790

11775 IF D(7,J)<>0 THEN 11795

11780 LET Y$(J)=L$

11785 GO TO 11795

11790 LET Y$(J)=K$

11795 IF POl THEN 11935

11800 LET B(7)=(B(l)+B(2)+B(3)+B(4)+B(5)+B(6))/6

11805 IF V(1)=0 THEN 11820

11810 LET V(6)=(V(l)+V(2)+V(2)+V(3)+V(4))/4+V(5)

11815 GO TO 11825

11820 LET V(6)=(V(2)+V(3)+V(4))/3+V(5)

11825 LET P2=1.16-0.0003*D(2,J)+0.0015*D(7,J)

11830 IF P2<1.1 THEN 11850

11835 IF P2<1.5 THEN 11855

11840 LET P2=1.5

11845 GO TO 11855

11850 LET P2=l.l

11855 LET P3=P2*B(7)

11860 LET P4=P2*V(6)

11865 PRINT

11870 LET P5=P3+P4

11875 PRINT

11880 PRINT USING 11885, Q$(l)

11885 :

’ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

11890 PRINT

11895 PRINT "WALL COST", "TRIM COST", "TOTAL COST" , "MARKUP RATIO"

11900 PRINT P3,P4,P5,P2

11905 PRINT

11910 PRINT

11915 PRINT "IF YOU WISH TO DO MORE COST ESTIMATES TYPE 1, IF NOT TYPE 0"

11920 INPUT P6

11925 IF P6=l THEN 10355

11930 GO TO 13300

11935 REM F IS BASIC DATA MATRIX

11940 LET F(J,1)=C(J)+H(J)

11945 LET F(J,2)=D(2,J)

11950 LET F(J,3)=D(7,J)

11955 IF Z$(J)=P$(J) THEN 11970

11960 LET F(J,4)=0

11965 GO TO 11975

11970 LET F(J,4)=D(2,J)

11975 LET F(J,5)=C(J)

71
11980 LET F(J,6)=G(J)

11985 LET F(J,7)=G(J)-C(J)

11990 NEXT J

11995 LET F1=0

12000 AT Y=ZER(N,10)

12005 MAT Y=F

12010 IF N<>1 THEN 12025

12015 LET Y(l,8)=l

12020 GO TO 12490

12025 REM PAIR DWELLING UNITS

12030 REM L IS DIFFERENTIAL MARKUP MATRIX

12035 MAT L=ZER(N,N)

12040 FOR 1=1 TO N

12045 FOR K=1 TO N

12050 IF Y(I,2)<>0 THEN 12070

12055 IF Y(K,2)<>0 THEN 12070

12060 LET L(I,K)=10

12065 GO TO 12075

12070 LET L(I,K)=-0.000079*Y(I,2)+0.00052*Y(I,3)-0.2144*(Y(I,4)/(Y(I,2)+Y(K,2)))

12075 NEXT K

12080 NEXT I 12085 FOR 1=1 TO N

12090 LET L(I,I)=9

12095 NEXT I 12100 REM P IS DIRECT COST MATRIX

12105 MAT P=ZER(N,N)

12110 FOR J=1 TO N

12115 LET P(J,J)=Y(J,1)

12120 NEXT J

12125 REM D IS TEST MATRIX

12130 MAT D=ZER(N,N)

12135 MAT D=L*P

12140 REM W IS TRIANGULAR TEST MATRIX

12145 MAT W=ZER(N,N)

12150 FOR K=1 TO N-1

12155 LET I=K+1

12160 LET W(I,K)=D(I,K)+D(K,I)

12165 LET 1=1+1

12170 IF I<N THEN 12160

12175 NEXT K

12180 LET Nl=N*(N-l)/2

12185 MAT X=ZER(N1,3)

12190 LET J=1

12195 FOR K=1 TO N-1

12200 LET I=K+1

12205 LET X(J,1)=W(I,K)

12210 LET X(J,2)=I

12215 LET X(J,3)=K

12220 IF J>=N1 THEN 12250

12225 LET 1=1+1

12230 LET J=J+1

72
12235 IF I>N THEN 12245

12240 GO TO 12205

12245 NEXT K

12250 REM SORT X MATRIX

12255 FOR L=1 TO Nl-1

12260 FOR M=1 TO Nl-1

12265 LET Q1=X(M,1)

12270 LET Q2=X(M+1,1)

12275 LET Rl=X(M,2)

12280 LET R2=X(M+1,2)

12285 LET S1=X(M,3)

12290 LET S2=X(M+1,3)

12295 IF QK=Q2 THEN 12330

12300 LET X(M,1)=Q2

12305 LET X(M+1,1)=Q1

12310 LET X(M,2)=R2

12315 LET X(Mfl,2)=Rl

12320 LET X(M,3)=S2

12325 LET X(M+1,3)=S1

12330 NEXT M

12335 NEXT L

12340 IF Fl=l THEN 12545

12345 REM Y IS PRELIMINARY CONTRACT PACKAGE MATRIX

12350 LET J=1

12355 LET K=1

12360 LET B2=X(J,2)

12365 LET B3=X(J,3)

12370 IF F(B2,10)=1 THEN 12430

12375 IF F(B3,10)=1 THEN 12430

12380 FOR M=1 TO 7 12385 LET Y(K,M)=F(B2 ,M)+F(B3 ,M)

12390 NEXT M

12395 LET Y(K,8)=B2

12400 LET Y(K,9)=B3

12405 LET F(B2,10)=1

12410 LET F(B3,10)=1

12415 IF K=N2 THEN 12490

12420 IF K=N3 THEN 12440

12425 LET K=K+1

12430 LET J=J+1

12435 GO TO 12360

12440 LET K=K+1

12445 FOR 1=1 TO N

12450 IF F(I,10)=0 THEN 12460

12455 NEXT I 12460 LET B2=I

12465 FOR M=1 TO 7 12470 LET Y(K,M)=F(B2,M)

12475 NEXT M

12480 LET Y(K,8)=B2

12485 LET Y(K,9)=0

73
12490 IF N>2 THEN 12530

12495 LET N6=l

12500 FOR M=1 TO 7 12505 LET Z(1,M)=Y(1,M)

12510 NEXT M

12515 LET Z(l,8)=l

12520 LET Z(l,9)=0

12525 GO TO 12935

12530 LET Fl=l

12535 LET N=K

12540 GO TO 12025

12545 REM Z IS FINAL CONTRACT PACKAGE MATRIX

12550 LET J=1

12555 LET K=1

12560 IF INT(N/2)=N/2 THEN 12580

12565 LET N4=(N+1)/2

12570 LET N5=N4-1

12575 GO TO 12590

12580 LET N4=N/2

12585 LET N5=N4

12590 FOR J=1 TO (N-l)*N/2

12595 IF X(J,1)>0 THEN 12685

12600 LET B2=X(J,2)

12605 LET B3=X(J,3)

12610 IF Y(B2,10)=1 THEN 12670

12615 IF Y(B3,10)=1 THEN 12670

12620 FOR M=1 TO 7 12625 LET Z(K,M)=Y(B2 ,M)+Y(B3 ,M)

12630 NEXT M

12635 LET Z(K,8)=B2

12640 LET Z(K,9)=B3

12645 LET Y(B2,10)=1

12650 LET Y(B3,10)=1

12655 IF K=N4 THEN 12930

12660 IF K=N5 THEN 12680

12665 LET K=K+1

12670 NEXT J

12675 GO TO 12685

12680 LET K=K+1

12685 IF N2=N3 THEN 12805

12690 FOR 1=1 TO N

12695 IF Y(I,9)=0 THEN 12705

12700 NEXT I 12705 IF Y(I,10)=1 THEN 12790

12710 LET B2=I

12715 LET Nl=N*(N-l)/2

12720 FOR 1=1 TO N1

12725 IF X(I,2)=B2 THEN 12740

12730 IF X(I,3)=B2 THEN 12750

12735 NEXT I 12740 LET B3=X(I,3)

74
12745 GO TO 12755

12750 LET B3=X(I,2)

12755 IF Y (B3,10)=l THEN 12880

12760 FOR M=1 TO 7 12765 LET Z(K,M)=Y(B2,M)+Y(B3,M)

12770 NEXT M

12775 LET Z(K,8)=B3

12780 LET Z(K,9)=B2

12785 LET Y(B2,10)=1

12790 LET Y(B3,10)=1

12795 IF K=N4 THEN 12805

12800 LET K=K+1

12805 FOR 1=1 TO N

12810 IF Y(I,10)=1 THEN 12870

12815 FOR M=1 TO 7 12820 LET Z(K,M)=Y(I,M)

12825 NEXT M

12830 LET Z(K,8)=I

12835 LET Z(K,9)=0

12840 LET Y(I,10)=1

12845 FOR L=1 TO N

12850 IF Y(L,10)=0 THEN 12865

12855 NEXT L

12860 GO TO 12875

12865 LET K=K+1

12870 NEXT I 12875 GO TO 12930

12880 FOR 1=1 TO N

12885 IF Z(I,8)=B3 THEN 12900

12890 IF Z(I,9)=B3 THEN 12900

12895 NEXT I 12900 LET Z(I,10)=B2

12905 FOR M=1 TO 7 12910 LET Z(I,M)=Z(I,M)+Y(B2,M)

12915 NEXT M

12920 LET Y(B2,10)=1

12925 GO TO 12805

12930 LET N6=K

12935 MAT W=ZER(N6,5)

12940 FOR K=1 TO N6

12945 LET Z8=Z(K,8)

12950 LET W(K,1)=Y(Z8,8)

12955 LET W(K,2)=Y(Z8,9)

12960 IF Z(K,9)=0 THEN 12995

12965 LET Z9=Z(K,9)

12970 LET W(K,3)=Y(Z9,8)

12975 LET W(K,4)=Y(Z9 ,9)

12980 LET Z9=Z(K,10)

12985 IF Z9=0 THEN 12995

12990 LET W(K,5)=Y(Z9,8)

12995 NEXT K

75
13000 FOR K=1 TO N6

13005 PRINT

13010 PRINT

13015 PRINT •* CONTRACT "K

13020 PRINT

13025 LET 1=1

13030 LET M(K)=-0.000079*Z(K,2)+0.00052*Z(K,3)-0.2144*(Z(K,4)/Z(K,2))

13035 LET M(K)=M(K)+1.2972

13040 REM W5 IS DWELLING UNIT NUMBER

13045 LET W5=W(K,I)

13050 IF W5<>0 THEN 13075

13055 LET 1=1+1

13060 IF I>5 THEN 13165

13065 IF W(K,I)=0 THEN 13165

13070 LET W5=W(K,I)

13075 IF F(W5,2)=0 THEN 13120

13080 LET M9=-0.2144*(F(W5,4))/Z(K,2)

13085 LET M8=M9*Z(K,1)+M(K)*F(W5,7)

13090 IF M8>=0 THEN 13120

13095 LET M(K)=M(K)+M9

13100 LET Z$(W5)=P$(W5)

13105 LET F(W5,1)=F(W5,1)+F(W5,7)

13110 LET Z(K,1)=Z(K,1)+F(W5,7)

13115 LET Z(K,4)=Z(K,4)+F(W5,4)

13120 PRINT " DWELLING UNIT "W5,Q$(W5)

13125 PRINT

13130 PRINT " WALL TECHNIQUE "Z$(W5)

13135 PRINT * TRIM TECHNIQUE ”Y$(W5)

13140 PRINT *• DIRECT COST $"F(W5,1)

13145 PRINT

13150 IF W5=0 THEN 13165

13155 LET 1=1+1

13160 IF I<=5 THEN 13045

13165 IF M(K)<1.1 THEN 13185

13170 IF M(K)<=1.5 THEN 13190

13175 LET M(K)=1.5

13180 GO TO 13190

13185 LET M(K)=1.1

13190 LET Z(K,1)=M(K)*Z(K,1)

13195 PRINT " CONTRACT PRICE $"Z(K,1)

13200 PRINT " MARKUP RATIO "M(K)

13205 PRINT

13210 IF Q=0 THEN 13205

13215 PRINT "THIS INCLUDES THE COMPONENT REPLACEMENT YOU REQUESTED"

13220 NEXT K

13225 PRINT "IF YOU WISH TO DO MORE COST ESTIMATES TYPE 1, IF NOT TYPE 0

13230 INPUT Q7

13235 IF Q7=0 THEN 13300

13240 RESTORE //I 13245 RESTORE //2 13250 RESTORE //3

76
13255 MAT W=ZER(6,1)

13260 MAT L=ZER(7,1)

13265 MAT READ //1,W

13270 MAT READ #3,L

13275 FOR L=1 TO 5

13280 READ /t2,M(L)

13285 NEXT L

13290 MAT D=ZER(10,10)

13295 GO TO 10295

13300 END

77
1

REFERENCES

Boone, Thomas H. , Harvey W. Berger, A. Philip Cramp, Herbert A.

Jackson, The Demonstration of Experimental Lead Paint Hazard

Abatement Methods in Washington, D.C., National Bureau of Standards,

NBSIR 75-761, June 1975.

Boone, Thomas H., Harvey W. Berger, A. Philip Cramp, Herbert A.

Jackson, The Demonstration of Experimental Lead Paint Hazard

Abatement Methods in Atlanta, Georgia , National Bureau of Standards,

NBSIR 75-974, December 1975.

Chapman, Robert E. and Joseph G. Kowalski, Lead Paint Abatement

Costs; Some Technical and Theoretical Considerations , National

Bureau of Standards, Technical Note 979, February 1979.

Hall, William G. and Lillian T. Slovic, Survey Manual for Estimating

the Incidence of Lead Paint in Housing , National Bureau of Standards,

Technical Note 921, September 1976.

Natrella, Mary, Experimental Statistics , National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 91, August 1963.

Shier, Douglas R. and Hall, William G., Analysis of Housing Data

Collected in a Lead -Based Paint Survey in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —

Part II , National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 77-1293, June 1977.

Spencer, D. , A Guide to Basic Programming; A Time -Sharing Language , Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., Reading, Mass., 1970.

Users* Manual for the Federal Agencies* Computer Time -Sharing System , National Research Council, Building Research Advisory Board, Federal

Construction Council, Technical Report 68, 1976.

78
FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARD SOFTWARE SUMMARY

01. Summary date

Yr. Mo. Day

8 0 c 2 2 04. Software date

Yr. Mo. Day 7 8 0 5 2 4

02. Summary prepared by (Name and Phone)

Robert Chapman x2278

05. Software title Lead Based Paint Hazard Abatement Cost

Estimation Procedure

06. Short title J0003

03. Summary action New Replacement Deletion @

Previous Internal Software ID

07. Internal Software ID NA

08. Software type

Automated Data

|~] System

5^ Computer Program

I [ Subroutine/Module

09. Processing mode

Interactive Batch

I I Combination

10. General

Application area

Computer Systems

r~| Support/utility

[ I Scientific/Engineering

I [ Bibliographic/Textual

Management/

I Business

Process Control 0 Other

Specific Housing renovation cost

allocation

11. Submitting organization and address Applied Economics Group

Building Technology and Regulatory Technology Div.

CBT, NEL

National Bureau of Standards

Washington. D.C. 20234

12. Technical contact(s) and phone

Robert Chapman, x2278

Kimberly A. Barnes, X2026

13.

Narrative Program will analyze the costs of the alternative methods for eliminating the lead paint

hazard from a dwelling unit. It permits the user to input specific information on anticipated contract packages of dwelling units. The least-cost combination of abatement

techniques for each dwelling unit is identified. Dwelling units are grouped together into

contract packages so that the sum of the expected bid prices is minimized. The expected

bid price for each contract and expected contract costs for each dwelling unit are given.

14.

Keywords

15.

Computer manufr and model

16.

Computer operating system 17. Programing language(s) Computer Devices

Teleterm 1030

19. Computer memory requirements

GSA Timesharing

(RAMUS)

20. Tape drives Extended BASIC21. Disk/Drum units

18. Number of source program state- ments 870

22.

Terminals None

23.

Other operational requirements

None 1 (Line Speed = 30)

None

24.

Software availability

Available Limited In-house only a

Applied Economics Group

Bldg. 226, Rm. A319

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

25.

Documentation availability

Available sonInadequate In-house only

Applied Economics Group

Bldg. 226, Rm. A319

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

26.

FOR SUBMITTING ORGANIZATION USE

Standard Form 185

1974 July

U.S. Dept, of Commerce—NBS

(FIPS. Pub. 30)

185-101
NBS-114A (REV. s-78)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBSIR 80-1977 1 :: : 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Forecasting Lead Paint Abatement Costs: A Computerized

Approach

5. Publication Date March 1980

7. AUTHOR(S)

Robert E. Chapman and Kimberly A. Barnes

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, DC 20234

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS fs<ree<. city, state, ZIP)

Office of Policy Development and Research i Department of Housing and Urban Development

Washington, D.C. 20410

13. Type of Report & Period Covered Final

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

pri Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

1«. ABSTRACT (A 20(hword or leaa {actual aummary of moat aignificant information. If document includes a significant bibliography or

literature survey, mention it here,) This report describes a computerized procedure for estimating the cost of eliminating

the lead-based paint hazard from buildings. This procedure is based on the results

of an extensive field test program in which lead-based paint hazard abatement

activities were carried out in approximately 200 dwelling units. The computerized

cost estimation procedure which emerged is particularly useful because it takes into

consideration both variations in the conditions of the dwelling unit as well as in

the prices for labor and materials. As a result, it permits the least costly

abatement technique to be identified under a wide variety of circumstances. In

addition, when contract cost estimates are desired, the computer program groups

dwelling units together into contracts in such a way that the sum of the expected

bid prices is minimized.

This report is intended to serve as a user’s manual for staff members concerned with

the problem of estimating lead-based paint abatement costs. Specific cases with

respect to the preparation of cost estimates for individual dwelling units or of

budget estimates for program managers, policy makers, or other decision makers, are treated

.

17, KEY WORDS (mix to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the firat letter of the first key word unleaa a proper name;

separated by semicolons)

Applied economics; building economics; building materials; economic analysis;

housing; lead-based paint; lead poisoning.

18. AVAILABILITY [x) Unlimited

I I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

I I Order From Sup. of Doc., U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

20402, SD Stock No. SN003-003-

rVl Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

19, SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

UNCLASSIFIED

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFItO

21. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

m.

22. Price

$ 8.00

USCOMM.DC