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Census of Transportation,

Communications, and Utilities

TC92-CF-39

1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Pennsylvania

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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This report was prepared in the Services Division under the direction of James M. Aanestad,

Assistant Chief for Current Services and Transportation Programs, assisted by Robert E.

Crowther and Michael Hartz. Planning, implementation, and compiling of this report were under

the supervision of John L. Fowler, Chief, Commodity Flow Survey Branch, assisted by Wanda

Dougherty, Marilyn Quiles-Amaya, Debra Corbett, Bruce Dembroski, Maria Dixon, Shirley

Gray, Imelda Hall, Chris Harrod, Michael Jones, Bonnie Opalko, Joyce Price, Robin Roberts,

Barbara Selinske, Eli Serrano, and Joyce Ware.

The processing system and computer programs were developed under the general direction of

Don Dalzell, former Assistant Chief for Processing Systems, and Billy E. Stark, Assistant Chief,

Tabulation and Publication Systems, and current Assistant Chief, Processing Systems in the

Decennial Management Division. Implementation of these programs was under the direction of

Jonathan G. Ankers, Chief, Processing Support and Analyst Systems Branch, assisted by

Peter J. Long, Sandra Brunner, Charles Eargle, Karen Mitchell, Willie Robertson, Judy

Dawson, Nancy Rogers, and Donna Williams. Implementation of the tabulation and publication

programming was under the direction of Robert Hemmig, Chief, Publication Systems Branch,

Peggy Payne, Chief, Publications Support Branch, assisted by Sharon Fortuna, and Vicki Kee,

Chief, Tally Preparation Systems and Special Computer Projects Branch, assisted by Dianne

Simmons and Nancy Osbourn.

Sample design and statistical methodology were developed under the general direction of

Brian V. Greenberg, and Ruth Ann Killion, former Assistant Chiefs, and Howard Hogan, current

Assistant Chief, Research and Methodology. Sample design including estimation and variance

methodology was under the supervision of Ruth E. Detlefsen, former Chief, and Patrick

Cantwell, current Chief, Program Research and Development Branch, assisted by Bob Smith,

Jock Black, B. Timothy Evans, Timothy Braam, William Knowlton and Colleen Sullivan.

Frame construction, sample control, imputation, and quality control procedures were developed

under the supervision of Carl A. Konschnik, Chief, Statistical Methods Branch, assisted by Carol

King and James Burton.

Coordination of data collection efforts was under the direction of the late John E. Halterman,

former Chief, and Judith N. Petty, current Chief, Data Preparation Division, assisted by Matthew

Aulbach, Kenneth Miller, Teresa Branstetter, and Services Division’s onsite analyst, Carlene

Bottorff.

The staff of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement

for publication and report forms. Margaret A. Smith provided publication coordination and editing.

We also acknowledge the support and assistance of the following Department of Transportation

(DOT) representatives in planning and designing the survey: Rolf Schmitt, George Wiggers,

Jane Bachner, Joel Palley, Mike Rossetti, and Alan Pisarski (transportation consultant to DOT).

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Center for Transportation Analysis, under the direction of

Michael Bronzini in support of a contract with DOT, provided all mileage data for this report, using

its transportation network modeling system.

Special acknowledgment is also due to the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed to the publication of these data.

Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to the Commodity Flow Survey

Branch, Services Division, Washington, DC 20233, telephone 301-457-2788 or 301-457-2114.

Acknowledgments
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1992 CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION,

COMMUNICATIONS, AND UTILITIES

Publications of the 1992 Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities containing data on: transportation, communications, and utilities establishments; characteristics of trucks;

and characteristics of commodity shipments are described below.

The first results were issued in press releases. Final detailed

statistics are issued in separate paperbound reports and compact

disc-read only memory (CD-ROM).

Copies of the reports are available from the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Post Office Box

371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. Order forms for the specific

reports or CD-ROM’s may be obtained from any Department of

Commerce district office, any Bureau of the Census State data

center or business/ industry data center, or from Data User

Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-8300 or call 301-457-4100.

Final Reports

Truck Inventory and Use Survey—52 reports

(TC92-T-1 to -52)

This series includes a United States Summary and a separate

report for each State and the District of Columbia. Data cover the

physical and operational characteristics of the Nation’s private

and commercial truck resources, such as the number of vehicles,

major use, annual miles, model year, body type, vehicle size, fuel

type, operator classification, engine size, range of operation,

weeks operated, products carried, and hazardous materials

carried. The reports show comparative statistics reflecting percent changes in number of vehicles between 1987 and 1992 for

all characteristics.

1993 Commodity Flow Survey—141 reports

(TC92-CF-1 to -52(P) and TC92-CF-N1 to -89)

This series includes a preliminary United States Summary, a

set of National Transportation Analysis Region (NTAR) reports, a

set of State reports (including the District of Columbia), and a

final, more detailed United States Summary. Data cover the

characteristics of commodity shipments initiated by establishments engaged in manufacturing, mining, wholesale, and selected

retail, service, and auxiliary activities. The data include tons,

ton-miles, average miles and value of shipments, by commodity

and transportation mode. The NTAR and State reports include

data on NTAR-to-NTAR and State-to-State commodity shipments, respectively. The final United States Summary includes

more detailed commodity descriptions, data on containerized and

hazardous materials shipments, and supplemental data on availability and use of transportation equipment and facilities.

Geographic area series—1 report

(UC92-A-1)

The geographic area Summary report presents data for the

United States and States for establishments with payroll for

detailed kind-of-business classifications. Statistics on number of

establishments and revenue are also shown for States and

selected metropolitan areas (MA’s) by kind of business.

For each State, the District of Columbia, and the United

States, 1992 data are provided on revenue and employees per

establishment and on revenue and payroll per employee. Comparative statistics showing percent changes in revenue and

payroll between 1987 and 1992 also are shown for some

kind-of-business classifications.

Nonemployer statistics series—1 report

(UC92-N-1)

The Nonemployer Statistics report includes data by kind of

business for all establishments, establishments with payroll, and

establishments without payroll for the United States and States.

Subject series—2 reports

(UC92-S-1 to -2)

The Establishment and Firm Size report (UC92-S-1) presents

data for establishments with payroll, based on size of establishment, size of company or firm, and legal form of organization.

Establishment statistics are presented by revenue size and by

employment size; statistics for firms, by revenue size (including

concentration by largest firms), by employment size, and by

number of establishments operated (single units and multiunits).

These data are presented for the United States.

The Miscellaneous Subjects report (UC92-S-2) presents data

for the United States as a whole and, where feasible, for States

and MA’s for establishments with payroll. Data are provided for

some kinds of business on major sources of revenue; purchased

transportation; cost of purchased travel; revenue by class of

customer; and other miscellaneous subjects.

Electronic Media

All data included in future printed reports will be available on

CD-ROM. For the Commodity Flow Survey data, the CD-ROM

may provide greater detail than the printed reports with respect to

shipment distance, weight ranges, and origin to destination data

for the geographic reports. Electronic media products are available for users who wish to summarize, rearrange, or process

large amounts of data. In addition to CD-ROM’s containing data

from printed reports, there is a separate CD-ROM for the Truck

Inventory and Use Survey which contains microdata information

for each truck in the sample. The term microdata refers to the

unaggregated records for the individual responses. The records

are modified to avoid the possibility of identifying individual

households or establishments. These products, with corresponding technical documentation, are sold by Data User Services

Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington,

DC 20233-8300.

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUS REPORTS

Data on retail trade, wholesale trade, service industries,

financial, insurance, real estate, construction industries, manufactures, mineral industries, enterprise statistics, minority-owned

business enterprises, and women-owned businesses also are

available from the 1992 Economic Census. A separate series of

reports covers the census of outlying areas—Puerto Rico, Virgin

Islands of the United States, Guam, and the Northern Marianas.

Separate announcements describing these reports are available

free of charge from Data User Services Division, Customer

Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300.

Publication Program
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Census of Transportation,

Communications, and Utilities

TC92-CF-39

1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Pennsylvania

Issued March 1996

U.S. Department of Commerce

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary

David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

U.S. Department of Transportation

Federico Peña, Secretary

Mortimer L. Downey, Deputy Secretary

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS

T. R. Lakshmanan, Director

Rolf R. Schmitt, Associate Director for

Analysis and Data Development
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SERVICES DIVISION

Carole A. Ambler, Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Bryant Benton, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau (this report excluded). Order forms for all types of

products are available on request from Customer Services,

Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300. A

more complete description of publications being issued

from this census is on the inside back cover of this

document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, financial, insurance, and real

estate, as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all

economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

IV INTRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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1993 Commodity Flow Survey

GENERAL

The 1993 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) provides data

on the movement of goods by mode of transportation.

These are the first data of this type published by the

Census Bureau since the 1977 Commodity Transportation

Survey (see appendix A for a comparison to previous

surveys). The data from the CFS are in great demand by

transportation analysts and decision makers as they work

towards improving the transportation infrastructure.

This report presents data at the State level. There are

reports for each of the 50 States and the District of

Columbia. The next series of reports to be released will be

at the National Transportation Analysis Region (NTAR).

There are 89 NTAR’s representing one or more Bureau of

Economic Analysis economic areas. A final United States

Summary report, reflecting all revisions based on the

geographic level analyses, will follow these reports.

COVERAGE

This sample survey produced measures of the movement of goods by major type of commodity shipped and

mode(s) of transportation used.

The 1993 CFS covered establishments in mining, manufacturing and wholesale trade, and selected retail and

service industries. The survey also covered selected auxiliary establishments (e.g., warehouses) of in-scope multiunit and retail companies. The survey coverage excluded

establishments classified as farms, forestry, fisheries, oil

and gas extraction, governments, construction, transportation, households, foreign establishments, and most establishments in retail and services.

The industries covered, as defined in the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC), are listed in

the following table:

SIC code Title

10, ex. 108 Metal mining (excluding metal mining

services)

12, ex. 124 Coal mining (excluding coal mining

services)

14, ex. 148 Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic

minerals, except fuels (excluding

nonmetallic minerals services)

20 Food and kindred products

21 Tobacco products

22 Textile mill products

23 Apparel and other finished products

made from fabrics and similar

materials

24 Lumber and wood products, except

furniture

25 Furniture and fixtures

26 Paper and allied products

27, ex. 279 Printing, publishing, and allied industries

(excluding service industries for the

printing trade)

28 Chemicals and allied products

29 Petroleum refining and related industries

30 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics

products

31 Leather and leather products

32 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products

33 Primary metal industries

34 Fabricated metal products, except

machinery and transportation equipment

35 Industrial and commercial machinery and

computer equipment

36 Electronic and other electrical equipment

and components, except computer

equipment

37 Transportation equipment

38 Measuring, analyzing, and controlling

instruments; photographic, medical and

optical goods; watches and clocks

39 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries

50 Wholesale trade—durable goods

51 Wholesale trade—nondurable goods

596 Catalog and mail-order houses

782 Motion picture and video tape distribution

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY V
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The source of the frame used for sampling in 1992 was

the Standard Statistical Establishment List (SSEL) of separate business locations with paid employees, maintained

by the Census Bureau. Establishments in these trade

areas that had non-zero payroll in at least one quarter of

1991 were included in the sampling frame of approximately

800,000 establishments.

MILEAGE CALCULATIONS

The Center for Transportation Analysis (CTA) at Oak

Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) developed an integrated transportation network modeling system to compute shipment mileages for the 1993 CFS. To enable

ORNL to compute mileages, the Census Bureau provided

files containing ZIP Code origin and destination pairs for all

reported shipments. To maintain confidentiality of reported

data, no information other than ZIP Codes was provided. A

ZIP Code pair was provided only once, regardless of the

number of shipments that moved between ZIP Codes. To

further protect confidentiality, the Census Bureau also

included dummy pairs of ZIP Code origin and destination in

the file sent to ORNL. The ORNL system used these

five-digit ZIP Codes of the shipment’s origin and destination, as input, and assumed the actual origin and destination points to be geographically located at the ZIP Code

centroids. The system computed mileages, by mode, for all

single modes and selected mode combinations for those

ZIP Code pairs we sent to ORNL. The mileages between

the origin-destination ZIP Code centroids were computed

by finding the minimum impedance path over mathematical

representations of the highway, rail, waterway, air, and

pipeline networks and summing the lengths of individual

links on these paths. Impedance is computed as a weighted

combination of distance, time, and cost factors.

The ORNL mileage network is composed of individual

modal-specific networks representing each of the major

transportation modes — highway, rail, waterway, air, and

pipeline. The links on these specific modal networks are

the representation of line-haul transportation facilities. The

nodes represent intersections and interchanges, and the

access points to the transportation network. For each

five-digit ZIP Code, dummy links are created from the ZIP

Code centroid to the nodes on the network to simulate

local access to the network with the objective being to

locate the nodes on the network that are the closest to the

given centroid. For the truck network, local access is

assumed to exist everywhere; however, for the other

modes this is not true. Before any dummy links are created

for these modes, a decision is made about whether the

mode is accessible from the ZIP Code region. For shipments involving more than one mode, such as truck-rail or

rail-water, links connecting the individual modal networks

are created to represent the transfer of freight between

modes. A measure of link impedance is calculated for each

link in each modal network based on various link characteristics for the specific mode. For example, the set of link

characteristics for the highway network included divided or

undivided roadway, degree of access control, rural or

urban setting, type of pavement, number of lanes, degree

of urban congestion, and length of the link. Link impedance

measures are also assigned to the local access links. A

minimum path algorithm is used to find the minimum

impedance path between the origin ZIP Code centroid and

the destination ZIP Code centroid. The cumulative length

of the links on this path is the shipment distance.

DISCLOSURE RULES

In accordance with Federal law governing census reports,

no data are published that would disclose the operations of

an individual firm or establishment.

ABOUT THE DATA

This section summarizes key points about the data that

will aid the user in analyzing and interpreting the tables

contained in this report.

Coverage Considerations

The CFS captured data on shipments originating from

selected types of business establishments located in the

50 States and the District of Columbia. The data do not

cover shipments originating from business establishments

located in Puerto Rico and other U.S. possessions and

territories. Shipments traversing the U.S. from a foreign

location to another foreign location (e.g., from Canada to

Mexico) are not included, nor are shipments from a foreign

location to a U.S. location. Imported products were included

in the CFS at the point that they left the importer’s

domestic location for shipment to another location. Shipments that were shipped through a foreign territory with

both the origin and destination in the U.S. were included in

the CFS data. The mileages calculated for these shipments exclude the international segments (e.g., shipments

from New York to Michigan through Canada do not include

any mileages for Canada). Export shipments were included,

with the domestic destination defined as the port of exit

from the U.S.

The ‘‘Coverage’’ section of this report lists the SIC

groups covered by the CFS. Other industry areas that were

not covered, but may have significant shipping activity,

include agriculture, government, and retail (other than

warehouses and SIC 5961, Catalog and Mail-Order Houses).

For agriculture specifically, this means that the CFS did not

cover shipments of agricultural products from the farm site

to the processing centers or terminal elevators (most likely

short-distance local movements), but did cover the shipments of these products from the initial processing centers

or terminal elevators onward.

VI 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Within mining, the CFS did not cover shipments from

establishments in SIC 13, Oil and Gas Extraction. The

majority of these establishments had undeliverable mailing

addresses, and due to the mailout/ mailback approach for

CFS, could not be included. Therefore, the CFS data do

not represent complete, or even primary, coverage of

crude petroleum, or natural gas shipments. The CFS

data most affected by this, other than data for these

specific commodities, are data for the pipeline and water

modes, given that a significant percentage of the total

tonnage moving by these modes are from crude petroleum

and/ or natural gas.

Mileage Data for Pipeline Shipments

In the tables, we do not show ton-miles or average miles

per shipment for pipeline shipments. For most of these

shipments, the respondents reported the shipment destination as a pipeline facility on the main pipeline network.

Therefore, for the majority of these shipments, the resulting mileage represented only the access distance through

feeder pipelines to the main pipeline network, and not the

actual distance through the main pipeline network. Pipeline shipments are included in the totals for ton-miles

and average miles per shipment.

Average Miles Per Shipment

For our calculation of average miles per shipment

(tables 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6) we excluded shipments of STCC

27, Printed Matter.

When transporting newspapers, magazines, catalogs,

etc., there is great variation in the meaning of ‘‘shipment’’.

A truckload of magazines traveling to a distribution point

may be viewed as one shipment or, as each magazine will

eventually be delivered to individual subscribers, thousands of shipments. To avoid overstating the impact of

short distance shipments of products in STCC 27, we

excluded shipments of STCC 27 from our calculation of

average miles.

All other variables in the tables (value, tons, and tonmiles) include shipments of STCC 27.

EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Commodity. Item that an establishment produces, sells,

or distributes. This does not include items that are considered as excess or byproducts of the establishment’s

operation. Respondents reported the description and the

five-digit STCC code for the major commodity contained in

the shipment, defined as the commodity with the greatest

weight in the total shipment.

Distance shipped. In table 3, shipment data are presented for various ‘‘distance shipped’’ intervals. Shipments were categorized into these ‘‘distance shipped’’

intervals based on the great circle distance between their

origin and destination ZIP Code centroids. All other distancerelated data in the tables (i.e., ton-miles and average miles

per shipment) are based on the mileage calculations

produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratories (see the

‘‘Mileage Calculations’’ section for more details).

Great circle distance. The shortest distance between

two points on the earth’s surface.

Mode of transportation. The type of transportation used

for moving the shipment to its domestic destination. For

exports, the domestic destination was the port of exit. On

the questionnaire, we defined the possible modes as

follows:

1. Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier. Delivery

services that carry letters, parcels, packages, and

other small shipments that typically weigh less than

100 pounds. Includes bus parcel delivery service.

2. Private truck. Trucks operated by a temporary or

permanent employee of an establishment or the buyer/

receiver of the shipment.

3. For-hire truck. Trucks that carry freight for a fee

collected from the shipper, recipient of the shipment,

or an arranger of the transportation.

4. Railroad. Any common carrier or private railroad.

5. Inland water and/ or Great Lakes. Barges, ships, or

ferries operating primarily on rivers and canals; on

harbors, the Great Lakes, the Saint Lawrence Seaway;

the Intracoastal Waterway, the Inside Passage to

Alaska, major bays and inlets; or on the ocean close to

the shoreline.

6. Deep sea water. Barges, ships, or ferries operating

primarily on the open ocean. Shipping on the Great

Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway is classified

with inland water. [Note: As part of the mileage

calculation operations, deep sea water shipments were

reclassified to more accurately reflect a shipment’s

route rather than vessel type. Therefore, in the tables,

‘‘deep sea water’’ as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans

or the Gulf of Mexico. Using this definition, deep sea as

a single mode (i.e., without an inland water component) is nearly impossible. Most shipments moving

primarily on the open ocean are tabulated under

‘‘inland water and deep sea.’’]

7. Pipeline. Movements of oil, petroleum, gas, slurry,

etc., through pipelines that extend to other establishments or locations beyond the shipper’s establishment. Aqueducts for the movement of water are not

included.

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8. Air. Movements using commercial or private aircraft,

and all air service for shipments that typically weigh

more than 100 pounds. Includes air freight and air

express.

9. Other mode. Any mode not listed above.

10. Mode unknown. The shipment was not carried by a

parcel delivery/ courier/ U.S. Postal Service, and the

respondent could not determine what mode of transportation was used.

In the tables, the above modes appear, as well as the

following additional mode descriptions:

1. Single modes. Shipments using only one of the abovelisted modes, except other and unknown.

2. Multiple modes. Shipments for which two or more of

the following modes of transportation were used:

a. Private truck.

b. For-hire truck.

c. Air.

d. Rail.

e. Inland water.

f. Great Lakes.

g. Deep sea water.

h. Pipeline.

We did not allow for multiple modes in combination

with ‘‘parcel delivery, U.S. Postal Service, or courier’’,

‘‘unknown’’, or ‘‘other’’, which, by their nature, may

already include various kinds of multiple-mode activity.

For example, if the respondent reported a shipment’s

mode of transportation as parcel and air, we treated the

shipment as parcel only.

3. Other modes. Shipments for which mode was not

reported, or was recorded as ‘‘Other’’ or ‘‘Unknown.’’

Also, shipments using any other mode or mode combinations not specifically listed in the table.

4. Truck. For-hire truck and/ or private truck.

5. Water. Inland water and/ or Great Lakes and/ or deep

sea water.

6. Great Lakes. On the questionnaire, ‘‘Inland water

and/ or Great Lakes’’ appeared as one mode. In the

tables in this publication, ‘‘Great Lakes’’ appears as a

separate mode. The transportation network and mileage calculation system that Oak Ridge National Laboratories developed for this survey allowed for separate

mileage calculations for inland water and Great Lakes

between the origin and destination ZIP Codes (see the

‘‘Mileage Calculations’’ section for more details). Therefore, a shipment reported as using inland water and/ or

Great Lakes can appear in the tables as a single mode

inland water shipment, or a single mode Great Lakes

shipment, or a multiple mode inland water and Great

Lakes shipment.

7. Inland water. On the questionnaire, ‘‘Inland water

and/ or Great Lakes’’ appeared as one mode. In the

tables in this publication, ‘‘Inland water’’ appears as a

separate mode. See the ‘‘Great Lakes’’ section above

for the explanation.

Shipment. A shipment (or delivery) is an individual movement of commodities from an establishment to a customer

or to another location of the originating company (including

a warehouse, distribution center, retail or wholesale outlet). A shipment uses one or more modes of transportation

including parcel delivery, U.S. Postal Service, courier,

private truck, for-hire truck, rail, water, pipeline, air, and

other modes.

Standard TransportationCommodity Classification(STCC).

A commodity coding system that the Association of American Railroads developed and maintains. The 1993 Commodity Flow Survey used this classification system at the

five-digit level.

Ton-miles. The weight times the mileage for a shipment.

The respondents reported shipment weight in pounds, as

described below. Mileage was calculated as the distance

between the shipment origin and destination ZIP Codes.

For shipments by truck, rail, or inland water/ Great Lakes,

the mileage excludes international segments. For example,

mileages from Alaska to the continental United States

exclude any mileages through Canada (see the ‘‘Mileage

Calculations’’ section for more details). Aggregated poundmiles were converted to ton-miles. The tables in this

publication show ton-miles in millions.

Tons shipped. The total weight of the entire shipment.

Respondents reported the weight in pounds. Aggregated

pounds were converted to short-tons (2,000 pounds). The

tables in this publication show tons in thousands.

Total modal activity. The overall activity (e.g., ton-miles)

of a specific mode of transportation, whether used in a

single-mode shipment, or as part of a multiple-mode

shipment. For example, the total modal activity for private

truck is the total ton-miles carried by private truck in

single-mode shipments, combined with the total ton-miles

carried by private truck in all multiple-mode shipments that

include private truck (private truck and for-hire truck,

private truck and rail, private truck and air, etc.). ‘‘Total

modal activity’’ appears in table 2 of this publication.

Value of shipments. The dollar value of the entire shipment. This was defined as the net selling value, f.o.b. plant,

exclusive of freight charges and excise taxes. The tables in

this publication show value in millions of dollars.

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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing

data for individual companies.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to

high sampling variability or other reasons.

CFS Commodity Flow Survey.

CTS Commodity Transportation Survey.

CV Coefficient of Variation.

lb Pounds.

N.E.C. Not Elsewhere Classified.

NTAR National Transportation Analysis Region.

SIC Standard Industrial Classification.

SSEL Standard Statistical Establishment List.

STCC Standard Transportation Commodity Classification.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY IX
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Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

Information shown in tables

Tables

123456 7

Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X

Tons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X

Ton-miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X

Average miles per shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X

Mode of transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X

Distance shipped............................................... X

Shipment size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X

Commodity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X

State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X

X USERS’ GUIDE TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Contents

Pennsylvania

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

1993 Commodity Flow Survey V .....................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number X ..................

TABLES

1. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for State of Origin: 1993 3 ....

2. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for State of Origin: 1993 3 ........

3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993 4 .......................................................

4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State

of Origin: 1993 ............................................................ 7

5. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity for State of Origin: 1993 10 ................

6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993 ............................................................... 11

7. Shipment Characteristics by State of Destination for State of Origin: 1993 23 ........

APPENDIXES

A. Comparability With Previous Surveys A–1 ..........................................

B. Reliability of the Data B–1 ........................................................

C. Sample Design, Survey Methodology, and Estimation C–1 ...........................

D. Standard Transportation Commodity Classification Code Information D–1 ..............

E. Sample Report Forms and Instructions E–1 ........................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY PENNSYLVANIA 1
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Table 1. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number (million dollars) PercentNumber (thousands) PercentNumber

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

All modes 248 --------------------------------------- 758 100.0 416 918 100.0 78 019 100.0 361

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 28 ----------------------- 327 11.4 907 .2 536 .7 553

Private truck 85 ---------------------------------------------- 459 34.4 170 478 40.9 9 066 11.6 47

For-hire truck 114 --------------------------------------------- 901 46.2 130 394 31.3 26 874 34.4 441

Air------------------------------------------------------- 15 – – – – –1 220

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 7 112 2.9 70 319 16.9 28 031 35.9 480

Inland water 1 ---------------------------------------------- 734 .7 19 767 4.7 4 517 5.8 214

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- (S) – (S) – (S) – (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 165 ------------------------------ .1 (S) – (S) (S) (S)

Truck and air 2 --------------------------------------------- 778 1.1 62 – 73 .1 1 281

Truck and rail 329 --------------------------------------------- .1 313 .1 287 .4 1 070

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) 743 – (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Rail and water 469 -------------------------------------------- .2 14 072 3.4 6 504 8.3 577

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 7 --------------------------------- 098 2.9 8 567 2.1 1 165 1.5 187

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

Calculation of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation.

2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

Table 2. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal

Activity for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not

add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation1

Ton-miles2

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment2

Total 78 ----------------------------------- 019 100.0 361

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier, total 536 --------- .7 553

Truck, total 36 -------------------------------------- 107 46.3 122

Air, total 68 ---------------------------------------- .1 1 198

Rail, total 29 --------------------------------------- 994 38.4 500

Inland water, total 9 -------------------------------- 473 12.1 417

Great Lakes, total (S) -------------------------------- (S) (S)

Deep sea water, total (S) ---------------------------- (S) (S)

Pipeline, total (S) ------------------------------------ – (S)

Other and unknown modes, total 1 ------------------ 163 1.5 187

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their respective totals.

However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

1Data represent activity for a given mode across single and multiple mode shipments. For

example, total truck activity includes private truck and/ or for-hire truck single mode combined with private

and for-hire truck segments of all multiple mode trips including truck.

2Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle

Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation. Calculation of

average miles per shipment exclude shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section

of this report for further explanation.

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Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles2

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

ALL MODES

Total-------------------------------------------------------- 248 758 100.0 416 918 100.0 78 019 100.0

Less than 50 miles 71 --------------------------------------------------- 798 28.9 236 881 56.8 6 528 8.4

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 38 463 15.5 55 036 13.2 5 911 7.6

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 47 840 19.2 68 961 16.5 19 717 25.3

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 34 645 13.9 33 948 8.1 17 720 22.7

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 19 980 8.0 11 032 2.6 9 029 11.6

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 9 892 4.0 4 164 1.0 4 956 6.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles 10 -------------------------------------------------- 689 4.3 3 069 .7 4 501 5.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles 2 -------------------------------------------------- 607 1.0 (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more 12 -------------------------------------------------- 842 5.2 2 310 .6 6 460 8.3

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 28 ---------------------------- 327 100.0 907 100.0 536 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- 3 999 14.1 158 17.4 5 .9 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 3 197 11.3 115 12.7 11 2.1 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 6 038 21.3 193 21.3 40 7.5 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 4 780 16.9 161 17.8 72 13.4 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 2 561 9.0 83 9.1 61 11.4

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 1 851 6.5 56 6.2 58 10.7

1,000 to 1,499 miles 2 -------------------------------------------------- 256 8.0 61 6.8 85 15.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- 571 2.0 16 1.8 32 6.0

2,000 miles or more 3 -------------------------------------------------- 075 10.9 63 7.0 173 32.3

Private truck ---------------------------------------------------- 85 459 100.0 170 478 100.0 9 066 100.0

Less than 50 miles 47 --------------------------------------------------- 016 55.0 135 622 79.6 2 835 31.3

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 18 095 21.2 21 658 12.7 1 928 21.3

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 12 949 15.2 9 588 5.6 1 786 19.7

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 3 844 4.5 2 208 1.3 951 10.5

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 1 664 1.9 722 .4 510 5.6

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 763 .9 342 .2 352 3.9

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 499 .6 141 .1 197 2.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- 144 .2 44 – 87 1.0

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- 485 .6 153 .1 419 4.6

For-hire truck 114 --------------------------------------------------- 901 100.0 130 394 100.0 26 874 100.0

Less than 50 miles 14 --------------------------------------------------- 798 12.9 66 150 50.7 1 621 6.0

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 15 539 13.5 18 497 14.2 1 733 6.4

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 25 703 22.4 22 267 17.1 4 669 17.4

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 22 642 19.7 12 051 9.2 5 290 19.7

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 13 995 12.2 5 447 4.2 3 968 14.8

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 6 303 5.5 2 187 1.7 2 212 8.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles 6 -------------------------------------------------- 710 5.8 1 964 1.5 2 691 10.0 1,500 to 1,999 miles 1 -------------------------------------------------- 665 1.4 344 .3 676 2.5 2,000 miles or more 7 -------------------------------------------------- 547 6.6 1 488 1.1 4 015 14.9

Air -------------------------------------------------------------- 15 100.0 – 100.0 – 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – 15.9 – 34.4

Rail ------------------------------------------------------------- 7 112 100.0 70 319 100.0 28 031 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 6 991 9.9 319 1.1 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 1 599 22.5 33 812 48.1 11 832 42.2 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 1 628 22.9 11 626 16.5 5 794 20.7 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 504 7.1 4 069 5.8 3 534 12.6

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 278 3.9 497 .7 553 2.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 414 5.8 503 .7 794 2.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- 266 3.7 340 .5 1 030 3.7

Inland water ---------------------------------------------------- 1 734 100.0 19 767 100.0 4 517 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 15 761 79.7 (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 106 6.1 (S) (S) (S) (S)

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 801 4.1 1 391 30.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Great Lakes----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Deep sea water ------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

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Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles2

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Pipeline1 -------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 165 ---------------------------------- 100.0 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- 47 28.3 (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 16 9.8 (S) (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 38 23.2 18 1.6 8 8.6

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 6 .5 4 4.2

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – (S)

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – (S)

Truck and air---------------------------------------------------- 2 778 100.0 62 100.0 73 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 131 4.7 (S) (S) – (S) 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 428 15.4 9 14.3 3 4.7 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 461 16.6 10 16.6 6 8.3 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 524 18.9 12 20.2 11 14.5

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 216 7.8 5 8.6 6 8.5

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 224 8.1 5 8.0 7 10.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- 110 4.0 1 2.1 3 3.5

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- 683 24.6 14 22.1 35 48.7

Truck and rail --------------------------------------------------- 329 100.0 313 100.0 287 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S) 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 94 28.7 31 9.8 27 9.5

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 3 1.0 4 1.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 41 12.3 22 7.2 36 12.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- 156 47.3 59 18.7 178 61.9

Truck and water------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 743 100.0 (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – – – –

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 18 5.5 (S) (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline1---------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Rail and water--------------------------------------------------- 469 100.0 14 072 100.0 6 504 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------------ –––– –

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania nn5
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 21/ 96 15:49:40 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;165 3/ 21/ 96 10:20:59 UPF:GPO_T_3_42 PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-15492448.DAT;1 3/ 21/ 96 15:49:26 UTF:TIPS93-15492448.DAT;1 3/ 21/ 96 15:49:26 META:TIPS96-15492448.DAT;1 3/ 21/ 96 15:49:37

Table 3. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Distance Shipped for

State of Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles2

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon. 750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S) 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- – –––– – 2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- – –––– –

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 7 -------------------------------------- 098 100.0 8 567 100.0 1 165 100.0

Less than 50 miles --------------------------------------------------- 2 466 34.7 6 888 80.4 56 4.8 50 to 99 miles ------------------------------------------------------- 895 12.6 418 4.9 38 3.3 100 to 249 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 1 036 14.6 594 6.9 135 11.6 250 to 499 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 893 12.6 206 2.4 93 7.9 500 to 749 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 518 7.3 93 1.1 71 6.1

750 to 999 miles ----------------------------------------------------- 298 4.2 46 .5 46 4.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles -------------------------------------------------- 340 4.8 138 1.6 220 18.9 1,500 to 1,999 miles -------------------------------------------------- 52 .7 10 .1 19 1.6 2,000 miles or more -------------------------------------------------- 601 8.5 174 2.0 487 41.8

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

1CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

2Ton-miles is based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

6nn Pennsylvania TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:11:23 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_4_42 PAGE: 1

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Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State of

Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

ALL MODES

Total 248 -------------------------------------------- 758 100.0 416 918 100.0 78 019 100.0 361

Less than 50 lb 27 ------------------------------------------- 391 11.0 1 081 .3 315 .4 448

50 to 99 lb 7 ----------------------------------------------- 285 2.9 579 .1 131 .2 204

100 to 499 lb 24 --------------------------------------------- 494 9.8 3 183 .8 650 .8 189

500 to 749 lb 8 --------------------------------------------- 186 3.3 1 657 .4 295 .4 174

750 to 999 lb 5 --------------------------------------------- 988 2.4 1 660 .4 263 .3 154

1,000 to 9,999 lb 57 ------------------------------------------ 803 23.2 26 161 6.3 4 336 5.6 160 10,000 to 49,999 lb 98 --------------------------------------- 422 39.6 204 250 49.0 27 137 34.8 138 50,000 to 99,999 lb 8 --------------------------------------- 089 3.3 45 468 10.9 3 319 4.3 70 100,000 lb or more 11 ---------------------------------------- 100 4.5 132 880 31.9 41 573 53.3 304

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 28 ----------------- 327 100.0 907 100.0 536 100.0 553

Less than 50 lb 20 ------------------------------------------- 269 71.6 445 49.0 269 50.2 557 50 to 99 lb 3 ----------------------------------------------- 418 12.1 150 16.5 84 15.7 478 100 to 499 lb 3 --------------------------------------------- 890 13.7 250 27.5 144 26.9 477 500 to 749 lb 555 --------------------------------------------- 2.0 40 4.4 20 3.7 513 750 to 999 lb 196 --------------------------------------------- .7 22 2.5 19 3.6 1 156

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Private truck 85 ----------------------------------------- 459 100.0 170 478 100.0 9 066 100.0 47

Less than 50 lb 4 ------------------------------------------- 028 4.7 433 .3 13 .1 38

50 to 99 lb 2 ----------------------------------------------- 170 2.5 362 .2 16 .2 46

100 to 499 lb 8 --------------------------------------------- 325 9.7 2 205 1.3 115 1.3 51

500 to 749 lb 3 --------------------------------------------- 117 3.6 1 216 .7 69 .8 57

750 to 999 lb 2 --------------------------------------------- 644 3.1 1 271 .7 69 .8 54

1,000 to 9,999 lb 25 ------------------------------------------ 117 29.4 18 788 11.0 1 207 13.3 60

10,000 to 49,999 lb 34 --------------------------------------- 128 39.9 104 677 61.4 5 658 62.4 55

50,000 to 99,999 lb 4 --------------------------------------- 720 5.5 24 672 14.5 1 049 11.6 42

100,000 lb or more 1 ---------------------------------------- 209 1.4 16 854 9.9 870 9.6 44

For-hire truck 114 ---------------------------------------- 901 100.0 130 394 100.0 26 874 100.0 441

Less than 50 lb 1 ------------------------------------------- 676 1.5 173 .1 21 .1 578

50 to 99 lb 1 ----------------------------------------------- 216 1.1 50 – 24 .1 538

100 to 499 lb 10 --------------------------------------------- 702 9.3 633 .5 353 1.3 549

500 to 749 lb 4 --------------------------------------------- 109 3.6 368 .3 197 .7 530

750 to 999 lb 3 --------------------------------------------- 020 2.6 338 .3 167 .6 507

1,000 to 9,999 lb 30 ------------------------------------------ 188 26.3 6 785 5.2 2 949 11.0 458 10,000 to 49,999 lb 60 --------------------------------------- 196 52.4 96 007 73.6 19 960 74.3 234 50,000 to 99,999 lb 2 --------------------------------------- 641 2.3 18 261 14.0 1 562 5.8 83 100,000 lb or more 1 ---------------------------------------- 152 1.0 7 780 6.0 1 641 6.1 381

Air -------------------------------------------------- 15 100.0 – 100.0 – 100.0 1 220

Less than 50 lb (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) – 19.4 – 15.9 1 187

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – 1.7 – 5.3 – (S) (S)

100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- 1.0 – 9.5 – (S) (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – 8.6 – (S) (S)

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- .5 – 4.3 – (S) (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) – 52.9 – (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Rail 7 -------------------------------------------------- 112 100.0 70 319 100.0 28 031 100.0 480

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S)

100 to 499 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 1 – – – (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 510 --------------------------------------- 7.2 556 .8 398 1.4 734 50,000 to 99,999 lb 408 --------------------------------------- 5.7 796 1.1 383 1.4 518 100,000 lb or more 6 ---------------------------------------- 062 85.2 68 925 98.0 27 219 97.1 411

Inland water 1 ----------------------------------------- 734 100.0 19 767 100.0 4 517 100.0 214

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) --------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) --------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

100,000 lb or more 1 ---------------------------------------- 717 99.0 19 689 99.6 4 511 99.9 232

Great Lakes – ----------------------------------------- ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – -------------------------------------- ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania nn7
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:11:23 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_4_42 PAGE: 2

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Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- 1.1 (S) (S) – (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more (D) ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 165 ----------------------- 100.0 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – .1 – – – – (S)

100 to 499 lb 1 --------------------------------------------- .4 – – – – (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – 149

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- .1 – – – – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 38 ------------------------------------------ 23.2 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 102 --------------------------------------- 61.8 (S) (S) 59 59.7 (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) --------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and air 2 ---------------------------------------- 778 100.0 62 100.0 73 100.0 1 281

Less than 50 lb 803 ------------------------------------------- 28.9 6 10.5 8 11.1 1 281

50 to 99 lb 293 ----------------------------------------------- 10.5 4 6.1 5 6.8 1 310

100 to 499 lb 1 --------------------------------------------- 065 38.4 23 38.0 29 40.3 1 309

500 to 749 lb 221 --------------------------------------------- 7.9 6 10.3 6 8.5 990

750 to 999 lb 53 --------------------------------------------- 1.9 4 5.8 5 7.2 1 532

1,000 to 9,999 lb 337 ------------------------------------------ 12.1 15 24.6 17 23.4 1 065 10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) --------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail 329 ---------------------------------------- 100.0 313 100.0 287 100.0 1 070

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S) 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- .1 – – – – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 21 ------------------------------------------ 6.2 (S) (S) 4 1.3 1 513 10,000 to 49,999 lb 280 --------------------------------------- 85.0 206 65.8 234 81.5 1 180 50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more (D) ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------- (S) 743 100.0 (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – (S) 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S) 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S) 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

750 to 999 lb (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) – – (S) – (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 112 --------------------------------------- 34.7 220 29.6 270 32.5 1 368

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 522 70.3 (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2 ---------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water 469 --------------------------------------- 100.0 14 072 100.0 6 504 100.0 577

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- .1 (S) (S) (S) – (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- – (S) (S) – – (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 538

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------ ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

8nn Pennsylvania TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:11:23 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_4_42 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-17093275.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:09:55 UTF:TIPS93-17093275.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:09:55 META:TIPS96-17093275.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:11:07

Table 4. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation and Shipment Size for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ------------------------------------------ ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – 50 to 99 lb ----------------------------------------------- – ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) – .6 – – (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more – ---------------------------------------- ––––– –

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 7 --------------------------- 098 100.0 8 567 100.0 1 165 100.0 187

Less than 50 lb 590 ------------------------------------------- 8.3 20 .2 3 .3 193 50 to 99 lb 188 ----------------------------------------------- 2.7 13 .2 2 .2 151 100 to 499 lb 499 --------------------------------------------- 7.0 71 .8 8 .7 134 500 to 749 lb 178 --------------------------------------------- 2.5 27 .3 2 .2 (S) 750 to 999 lb 69 --------------------------------------------- 1.0 25 .3 3 .2 124

1,000 to 9,999 lb 1 ------------------------------------------ 981 27.9 519 6.1 125 10.7 247 10,000 to 49,999 lb 3 --------------------------------------- 065 43.2 1 876 21.9 528 45.3 276 50,000 to 99,999 lb 279 --------------------------------------- 3.9 1 135 13.2 (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more 248 ---------------------------------------- 3.5 4 881 57.0 235 20.2 544

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

Calculation of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation.

2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania nn9
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:50 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_5_42 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-17114863.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:12 UTF:TIPS93-17114863.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:12 META:TIPS96-17114863.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:42

Table 5. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC

code Commodity description Value

(million dollars)

Tons

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles per

shipment1

ALL COMMODITIES

Total------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 248 758 416 918 78 019 361

01 Farm products ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 455 4 637 327 313

08 Forest products ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 40 226

09 Fresh fish or other marine products ----------------------------------------------------------------- 119 15 1 (S)

10 Metallic ores -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) 512 184 545

11 Coal --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 272 80 467 26 751 70

13 Crude petroleum, natural gas, or gasoline ------------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S)

14 Nonmetallic minerals------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 083 94 879 3 343 207

19 Ordnance or accessories --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 990 72 58 653

20 Food or kindred products--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 103 33 553 5 810 70

21 Tobacco products, excluding insecticides ------------------------------------------------------------ 765 52 22 137

22 Textile mill products ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 511 760 304 455

23 Apparel or other finished textile products------------------------------------------------------------- 11 593 578 330 633

24 Lumber or wood products, excluding furniture -------------------------------------------------------- 4 405 10 778 1 759 205

25 Furniture or fixtures -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 386 757 345 369

26 Pulp, paper, or allied products ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 325 9 431 3 042 238

27 Printed matter------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) –

28 Chemicals or allied products ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26 369 16 143 3 559 312

29 Petroleum or coal products ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 674 75 164 11 992 47

30 Rubber or miscellaneous plastics products ----------------------------------------------------------- 8 853 2 836 1 078 311

31 Leather or leather products ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 182 54 36 669

32 Clay, concrete, glass, or stone products ------------------------------------------------------------- 5 746 38 411 3 644 370

33 Primary metal products----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 639 25 256 8 385 284

34 Fabricated metal products -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 433 4 547 1 702 468

35 Machinery, excluding electrical ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 163 1 542 749 466

36 Electrical machinery, equipment, or supplies---------------------------------------------------------- 14 035 1 244 572 437

37 Transportation equipment -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 957 2 492 1 232 176

38 Instruments, photographic goods, optical goods, watches, or clocks 6 ------------------------------------ 969 340 107 544

39 Miscellaneous products of manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------ 10 529 1 627 860 362

40 Waste or scrap materials --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 201 6 512 806 89

41 Miscellaneous freight shipments--------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) 68 17 694

42 Containers, carriers or devices, shipping, returned empty 56 ---------------------------------------------- 9 5 228

48 Waste hazardous materials or waste hazardous substances (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S)

m Commodity unknown------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 054 274 47 442

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

Calculation of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation.

10nn Pennsylvania TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:50 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_6_42 PAGE: 1

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

ALL COMMODITIES

Total 248 -------------------------------------------- 758 100.0 416 918 100.0 78 019 100.0 361

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 28 ----------------------- 327 11.4 907 .2 536 .7 553

Private truck 85 ---------------------------------------------- 459 34.4 170 478 40.9 9 066 11.6 47

For-hire truck 114 --------------------------------------------- 901 46.2 130 394 31.3 26 874 34.4 441

Air------------------------------------------------------- 15 – – – – –1 220

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 7 112 2.9 70 319 16.9 28 031 35.9 480

Inland water 1 ---------------------------------------------- 734 .7 19 767 4.7 4 517 5.8 214

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- (S) – (S) – (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 165 ------------------------------ .1 (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and air 2 --------------------------------------------- 778 1.1 62 – 73 .1 1 281

Truck and rail 329 --------------------------------------------- .1 313 .1 287 .4 1 070

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) 743 .2 (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Rail and water 469 -------------------------------------------- .2 14 072 3.4 6 504 8.3 577 Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 7 --------------------------------- 098 2.9 8 567 2.1 1 165 1.5 187

STCC 01, FARM PRODUCTS

Total 3 -------------------------------------------- 455 100.0 4 637 100.0 327 100.0 313

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 2 ---------------------------------------------- 869 83.1 3 816 82.3 214 65.3 32

For-hire truck 341 --------------------------------------------- 9.9 639 13.8 81 24.9 138

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ – (S) (S) – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 2 – 1 .3 568

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) 32 .7 6 1.8 (S)

STCC 08, FOREST PRODUCTS

Total (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 40 100.0 226

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

Private truck (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 4 11.2 (S)

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania nn11
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:50 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_6_42 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 UTF:TIPS93-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 META:TIPS96-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:24

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 09, FRESH FISH OR OTHER MARINE

PRODUCTS

Total 119 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 15 100.0 1 100.0 (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

Private truck (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – 34.3 (S)

For-hire truck 74 --------------------------------------------- 62.1 8 55.5 1 59.3 (S)

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- (S) – (S) – (S) (S)

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) – (S) – (S) (S)

STCC 10, METALLIC ORES

Total (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) 512 100.0 184 100.0 545

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

Private truck (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) 7 1.4 (S) – (S)

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 503 98.3 181 98.2 371

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- – – (S) (S) – (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- – (S) (S) (S) – (S)

STCC 11, COAL

Total 2 -------------------------------------------- 272 100.0 80 467 100.0 26 751 100.0 70

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- – – – – – (S) Private truck 54 ---------------------------------------------- 2.4 1 228 1.5 (S) (S) (S) For-hire truck 574 --------------------------------------------- 25.3 20 476 25.4 1 395 5.2 59 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 1 020 44.9 37 099 46.1 17 266 64.5 (S)

Inland water 121 ---------------------------------------------- 5.3 3 784 4.7 (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S) Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water 469 -------------------------------------------- 20.7 14 072 17.5 6 504 24.3 577

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 13 --------------------------------- .6 3 001 3.7 (S) – (S)

12nn Pennsylvania TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:50 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_6_42 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 UTF:TIPS93-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 META:TIPS96-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:24

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 13, CRUDE PETROLEUM, NATURAL GAS,

OR GASOLINE

Total (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- ––––– –

Private truck (D) ---------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) --------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- ––––– –

STCC 14, NONMETALLIC MINERALS

Total 1 -------------------------------------------- 083 100.0 94 879 100.0 3 343 100.0 207

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Private truck 604 ---------------------------------------------- 55.8 58 471 61.6 1 426 42.7 21

For-hire truck 392 --------------------------------------------- 36.2 31 367 33.1 1 382 41.3 47

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 54 5.0 2 504 2.6 439 13.1 174

Inland water (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S) Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) 61 .1 (S) – (S)

STCC 19, ORDNANCE OR ACCESSORIES

Total 990 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 72 100.0 58 100.0 653

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 102 ----------------------- 10.3 3 3.7 2 2.9 640 Private truck (D) ---------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) For-hire truck 717 --------------------------------------------- 72.4 50 69.7 29 50.0 690 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air 23 --------------------------------------------- 2.3 – .2 – .5 2 096 Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania nn13
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:50 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_6_42 PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 UTF:TIPS93-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 META:TIPS96-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:24

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 20, FOOD OR KINDRED PRODUCTS

Total 42 -------------------------------------------- 103 100.0 33 553 100.0 5 810 100.0 70

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 46 ----------------------- .1 7 – 3 .1 640

Private truck 27 ---------------------------------------------- 259 64.7 23 290 69.4 1 851 31.9 43

For-hire truck 13 --------------------------------------------- 902 33.0 9 687 28.9 3 659 63.0 359

Air------------------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 108 .3 117 .3 81 1.4 1 106

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 29 ------------------------------ .1 12 – 2 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- – (S) – 1 – 1 899

Truck and rail 136 --------------------------------------------- .3 98 .3 150 2.6 1 426

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 605 --------------------------------- 1.4 340 1.0 62 1.1 (S)

STCC 21, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, EXCLUDING

INSECTICIDES

Total 765 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 52 100.0 22 100.0 137

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 25 ----------------------- 3.3 1 2.8 1 4.4 721

Private truck 517 ---------------------------------------------- 67.6 22 43.0 1 5.4 31

For-hire truck 221 --------------------------------------------- 28.9 28 54.1 20 90.2 782

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) – (S) – – (S)

STCC 22, TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

Total 3 -------------------------------------------- 511 100.0 760 100.0 304 100.0 455

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 279 ----------------------- 7.9 21 2.8 10 3.4 549 Private truck 871 ---------------------------------------------- 24.8 234 30.7 33 10.9 96 For-hire truck 2 --------------------------------------------- 272 64.7 477 62.8 236 77.8 559 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) – – – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – – (S) – (S)

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 46 --------------------------------- 1.3 17 2.3 6 1.8 (S)

14nn Pennsylvania TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:50 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_6_42 PAGE: 5

TSF:TIPS92-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 UTF:TIPS93-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 META:TIPS96-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:24

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 23, APPAREL OR OTHER FINISHED

TEXTILE PRODUCTS

Total 11 -------------------------------------------- 593 100.0 578 100.0 330 100.0 633

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 2 ----------------------- 947 25.4 116 20.0 72 21.9 626

Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 294 11.2 75 12.9 8 2.4 192

For-hire truck 6 --------------------------------------------- 161 53.1 356 61.6 219 66.2 919

Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and air 103 --------------------------------------------- .9 2 .3 4 1.2 1 952

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 1 --------------------------------- 084 9.3 30 5.1 27 8.2 (S)

STCC 24, LUMBER OR WOOD PRODUCTS,

EXCLUDING FURNITURE

Total 4 -------------------------------------------- 405 100.0 10 778 100.0 1 759 100.0 205

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) 5 – 3 .1 603

Private truck 2 ---------------------------------------------- 872 65.2 7 081 65.7 491 27.9 75

For-hire truck 1 --------------------------------------------- 156 26.3 3 097 28.7 813 46.2 355

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 66 1.5 150 1.4 140 8.0 1 299

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S) Truck and rail 7 --------------------------------------------- .2 23 .2 16 .9 746 Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 25, FURNITURE OR FIXTURES

Total 3 -------------------------------------------- 386 100.0 757 100.0 345 100.0 369

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 121 ----------------------- 3.6 9 1.2 6 1.7 651 Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 584 46.8 367 48.5 62 17.9 73 For-hire truck 1 --------------------------------------------- 595 47.1 360 47.6 266 77.3 589 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – – – .1 1 551 Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 67 --------------------------------- 2.0 17 2.3 4 1.2 (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania nn15
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:50 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_6_42 PAGE: 6

TSF:TIPS92-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 UTF:TIPS93-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 META:TIPS96-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:24

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 26, PULP, PAPER, OR ALLIED PRODUCTS

Total 11 -------------------------------------------- 325 100.0 9 431 100.0 3 042 100.0 238

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 556 ----------------------- 4.9 42 .4 18 .6 441

Private truck 3 ---------------------------------------------- 312 29.2 2 799 29.7 352 11.6 44

For-hire truck 7 --------------------------------------------- 210 63.7 6 119 64.9 2 342 77.0 418

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 1 – 1 – 1 274

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 128 --------------------------------- 1.1 126 1.3 39 1.3 134

STCC 27, PRINTED MATTER

Total (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Private truck (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) – (S) – – – –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) – – – – –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

STCC 28, CHEMICALS OR ALLIED PRODUCTS

Total 26 -------------------------------------------- 369 100.0 16 143 100.0 3 559 100.0 312

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 1 ----------------------- 231 4.7 39 .2 19 .5 545

Private truck 9 ---------------------------------------------- 186 34.8 9 689 60.0 836 23.5 46

For-hire truck 14 --------------------------------------------- 988 56.8 5 566 34.5 2 307 64.8 356

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 328 1.2 545 3.4 345 9.7 557

Inland water (S) ---------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ – (S) – – – (S)

Truck and air 167 --------------------------------------------- .6 2 – (S) – (S)

Truck and rail 5 --------------------------------------------- – 2 – 6 .2 3 061

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ – – – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 437 --------------------------------- 1.7 186 1.1 40 1.1 107

16nn Pennsylvania TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:50 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.T;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:07 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_T_6_42 PAGE: 7

TSF:TIPS92-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 UTF:TIPS93-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:20:24 META:TIPS96-17200193.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:21:24

Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 29, PETROLEUM OR COAL PRODUCTS

Total 11 -------------------------------------------- 674 100.0 75 164 100.0 11 992 100.0 47

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 7 ----------------------- .1 1 – – – 832

Private truck 5 ---------------------------------------------- 946 50.9 26 882 35.8 1 053 8.8 24

For-hire truck 2 --------------------------------------------- 468 21.1 9 470 12.6 1 303 10.9 124

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 2 872 23.9 (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – – (S) – – – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ – (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- – – – (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) --------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 30, RUBBER OR MISCELLANEOUS

PLASTICS PRODUCTS

Total 8 -------------------------------------------- 853 100.0 2 836 100.0 1 078 100.0 311

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 755 ----------------------- 8.5 54 1.9 29 2.7 435

Private truck 2 ---------------------------------------------- 780 31.4 1 125 39.7 189 17.5 57

For-hire truck 5 --------------------------------------------- 101 57.6 1 582 55.8 810 75.1 595

Air------------------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 22 .3 15 .5 10 .9 1 123

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ – – – – – (S) Truck and air 23 --------------------------------------------- .3 1 – 1 .1 1 109 Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (S) --------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 165 --------------------------------- 1.9 54 1.9 15 1.4 (S)

STCC 31, LEATHER OR LEATHER PRODUCTS

Total 1 -------------------------------------------- 182 100.0 54 100.0 36 100.0 669

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 215 ----------------------- 18.2 9 15.7 5 13.4 734 Private truck 205 ---------------------------------------------- 17.3 14 25.1 5 12.6 82 For-hire truck 728 --------------------------------------------- 61.6 30 55.6 26 70.7 649 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ – ––––– –

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – (S) – – (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 21 --------------------------------- 1.8 2 3.2 1 2.5 (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 32, CLAY, CONCRETE, GLASS, OR STONE

PRODUCTS

Total 5 -------------------------------------------- 746 100.0 38 411 100.0 3 644 100.0 370

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 373 ----------------------- 6.5 28 .1 17 .5 616

Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 735 30.2 23 119 60.2 798 21.9 36

For-hire truck 3 --------------------------------------------- 430 59.7 13 618 35.5 2 374 65.2 328

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 45 .8 (S) (S) 306 8.4 735

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – 1 497

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ – – – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (S) --------------------------------- (S) (S) – (S) (S) (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 130 --------------------------------- 2.3 319 .8 103 2.8 (S)

STCC 33, PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTS

Total 17 -------------------------------------------- 639 100.0 25 256 100.0 8 385 100.0 284

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 418 ----------------------- 2.4 24 .1 11 .1 474

Private truck 3 ---------------------------------------------- 403 19.3 4 403 17.4 587 7.0 76

For-hire truck 11 --------------------------------------------- 879 67.3 15 826 62.7 4 921 58.7 440

Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 1 359 7.7 4 377 17.3 2 208 26.3 504

Inland water (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 3 – 6 .1 1 145 Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 366 --------------------------------- 2.1 341 1.4 374 4.5 186

STCC 34, FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS

Total 14 -------------------------------------------- 433 100.0 4 547 100.0 1 702 100.0 468

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 2 ----------------------- 088 14.5 86 1.9 48 2.8 644 Private truck 3 ---------------------------------------------- 855 26.7 1 474 32.4 213 12.5 68 For-hire truck 7 --------------------------------------------- 887 54.6 2 774 61.0 1 281 75.2 548 Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – –1 729 Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 219 1.5 140 3.1 115 6.8 768

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ – – – – – (S) Truck and air 119 --------------------------------------------- .8 4 .1 5 .3 1 240 Truck and rail 18 --------------------------------------------- .1 (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ – – – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 243 --------------------------------- 1.7 64 1.4 30 1.7 426

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 35, MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL

Total 17 -------------------------------------------- 163 100.0 1 542 100.0 749 100.0 466

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 3 ----------------------- 480 20.3 57 3.7 30 4.0 567

Private truck 3 ---------------------------------------------- 211 18.7 398 25.8 61 8.2 50

For-hire truck 9 --------------------------------------------- 536 55.6 1 031 66.9 622 83.0 655

Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and air 495 --------------------------------------------- 2.9 9 .6 12 1.6 1 142

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 406 --------------------------------- 2.4 38 2.4 15 2.0 502

STCC 36, ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT,

OR SUPPLIES

Total 14 -------------------------------------------- 035 100.0 1 244 100.0 572 100.0 437

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 4 ----------------------- 723 33.7 70 5.6 36 6.2 566

Private truck 2 ---------------------------------------------- 075 14.8 360 28.9 67 11.8 42

For-hire truck 6 --------------------------------------------- 092 43.4 779 62.6 430 75.2 538

Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) 11 .9 10 1.8 1 792

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ – – – – – (S) Truck and air 609 --------------------------------------------- 4.3 5 .4 5 .9 1 210 Truck and rail (S) --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 424 --------------------------------- 3.0 14 1.1 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 37, TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

Total 13 -------------------------------------------- 957 100.0 2 492 100.0 1 232 100.0 176

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 1 ----------------------- 114 8.0 (S) (S) 18 1.5 383 Private truck 4 ---------------------------------------------- 628 33.2 694 27.9 215 17.4 40 For-hire truck 4 --------------------------------------------- 879 35.0 756 30.3 385 31.2 541 Air------------------------------------------------------- – – – – – – (S) Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) 610 24.5 355 28.8 764

Inland water (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 154 12.5 905

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) 5 .4 (S) Truck and air 281 --------------------------------------------- 2.0 3 .1 4 .3 1 226 Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 1 --------------------------------- 038 7.4 189 7.6 97 7.8 (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 38, INSTRUMENTS, PHOTOGRAPHIC

GOODS, OPTICAL GOODS, WATCHES, OR

CLOCKS

Total 6 -------------------------------------------- 969 100.0 340 100.0 107 100.0 544

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 2 ----------------------- 686 38.5 39 11.6 22 20.7 581

Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 701 24.4 179 52.5 18 16.5 97

For-hire truck 1 --------------------------------------------- 879 27.0 108 31.7 55 51.0 596

Air------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – – – – (S)

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) – – – – (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air 562 --------------------------------------------- 8.1 12 3.5 11 10.3 1 170 Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 128 --------------------------------- 1.8 3 .8 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 39, MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS OF

MANUFACTURING

Total 10 -------------------------------------------- 529 100.0 1 627 100.0 860 100.0 362

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) 47 2.9 24 2.8 382

Private truck 1 ---------------------------------------------- 754 16.7 317 19.5 64 7.5 97

For-hire truck 4 --------------------------------------------- 863 46.2 1 231 75.7 761 88.4 539

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) – 1 .1 962 Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ – – – – – (S)

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) 30 1.8 7 .8 93

STCC 40, WASTE OR SCRAP MATERIALS

Total 1 -------------------------------------------- 201 100.0 6 512 100.0 806 100.0 89

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- – – – – – (S) Private truck 336 ---------------------------------------------- 28.0 2 410 37.0 131 16.2 43 For-hire truck 570 --------------------------------------------- 47.5 2 701 41.5 381 47.2 135 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ 276 23.0 1 252 19.2 140 17.4 104

Inland water (S) ---------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- – (S) – – – (S) Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

STCC 41, MISCELLANEOUS FREIGHT SHIPMENTS

Total (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) 68 100.0 17 100.0 694

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) 3 3.8 2 10.5 657

Private truck 59 ---------------------------------------------- 4.5 22 32.8 3 16.6 139

For-hire truck 253 --------------------------------------------- 19.3 25 36.8 8 47.5 406

Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) – (S) – – (S)

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 42, CONTAINERS, CARRIERS OR DEVICES,

SHIPPING, RETURNED EMPTY

Total 56 -------------------------------------------- 100.0 9 100.0 5 100.0 228

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- – – (S) – – (S) Private truck 27 ---------------------------------------------- 48.2 4 43.8 2 44.2 461 For-hire truck 28 --------------------------------------------- 49.1 5 52.1 2 52.5 404 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) – (S) – (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- ––––– –

STCC 48, WASTE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OR

WASTE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

Total (S) -------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ----------------------- (S) – – – – (S) Private truck – ---------------------------------------------- (S) – – – – (S)

For-hire truck (D) --------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------------------------- – – – – – (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – --------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) – (S) (S)

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Table 6. Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of Transportation for State of

Origin: 1993mCon.

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

STCC code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number

(million dollars) Percent

Number

(thousands) Percent

Number

(millions) Percent

Average miles

per shipment1

COMMODITY UNKNOWN

Total 1 -------------------------------------------- 054 100.0 274 100.0 47 100.0 442

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ----------------------- (S) 3 1.2 (S) (S) (S) Private truck 429 ---------------------------------------------- 40.7 220 80.3 16 34.9 51 For-hire truck (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 44 15.9 24 51.4 844 Air------------------------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail ------------------------------------------------------ (S) (S) – (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – ---------------------------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------------------------- ––––– – Pipeline2 ------------------------------------------------- – ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ------------------------------ ––––– – Truck and air (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and rail – --------------------------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline2---------------------------------------- – ––––– – Rail and water – -------------------------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------------------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – --------------------------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) --------------------------------- (S) 4 1.5 (S) (S) (S)

Note: " Deep sea water" as a single mode describes shipments moving only on the open waters of the oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. Most shipments moving primarily on the open ocean

are tabulated under " Inland water and deep sea" .

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

1Average miles and ton-miles are based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for explanation. Calculation

of average miles per shipment excludes shipments of STCC 27, Printed Matter. See " About the Data" section of this report for further explanation.

2CFS data for pipelines exclude most shipments of crude oil. See " About the Data" section for details of CFS coverage.

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Table 7. Shipment Characteristics by State of Destination for State of Origin: 1993

[For explanation of terms and meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. Detail may not add to total because of rounding]

State of Destination

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Number (million dollars) PercentNumber (thousands) Percent Number (millions) Percent

Total ---------------------------------------------------------------- 248 758 100.0 416 918 100.0 78 019 100.0

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut ---------------------------------------------------------- 3 794 1.5 1 810 .4 492 .6

Maine --------------------------------------------------------------- 899 .4 414 .1 222 .3

Massachusetts ------------------------------------------------------- 5 041 2.0 3 102 .7 1 456 1.9

New Hampshire ------------------------------------------------------ 1 164 .5 3 445 .8 2 774 3.6

Rhode Island--------------------------------------------------------- 710 .3 301 .1 105 .1

Vermont ------------------------------------------------------------- 608 .2 281 .1 106 .1

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------------- 20 891 8.4 19 729 4.7 1 875 2.4

New York------------------------------------------------------------ 21 064 8.5 23 817 5.7 6 622 8.5

Pennsylvania--------------------------------------------------------- 87 707 35.3 258 247 61.9 12 700 16.3

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois --------------------------------------------------------------- 7 428 3.0 3 290 .8 2 138 2.7

Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------- 3 440 1.4 3 007 .7 1 744 2.2

Michigan------------------------------------------------------------- 5 128 2.1 6 318 1.5 2 641 3.4

Ohio ---------------------------------------------------------------- 11 288 4.5 15 705 3.8 4 199 5.4

Wisconsin ----------------------------------------------------------- 2 392 1.0 2 572 .6 1 960 2.5

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 999 .4 379 .1 352 .5

Kansas -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 063 .4 197 – 223 .3

Minnesota ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 518 .6 474 .1 512 .7

Missouri ------------------------------------------------------------- 2 054 .8 759 .2 717 .9

Nebraska ------------------------------------------------------------ 534 .2 143 – 166 .2

North Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 92 – 40 – 56 .1

South Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 151 .1 (S) – (S) –

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware ------------------------------------------------------------ 3 515 1.4 11 944 2.9 980 1.3

District of Columbia--------------------------------------------------- 598 .2 265 .1 40 .1

Florida -------------------------------------------------------------- 3 858 1.6 1 042 .2 1 127 1.4

Georgia ------------------------------------------------------------- 3 989 1.6 1 257 .3 983 1.3

Maryland ------------------------------------------------------------ 11 285 4.5 29 214 7.0 7 949 10.2

North Carolina ------------------------------------------------------- 4 306 1.7 2 011 .5 1 004 1.3

South Carolina ------------------------------------------------------- 2 868 1.2 948 .2 597 .8

Virginia -------------------------------------------------------------- 5 974 2.4 3 463 .8 939 1.2

West Virginia--------------------------------------------------------- 3 280 1.3 6 725 1.6 1 058 1.4

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama------------------------------------------------------------- 1 376 .6 1 221 .3 1 386 1.8 Kentucky ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 717 .7 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Mississippi ----------------------------------------------------------- 735 .3 305 .1 327 .4 Tennessee----------------------------------------------------------- 2 970 1.2 3 076 .7 3 005 3.9

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas ------------------------------------------------------------ 914 .4 449 .1 518 .7 Louisiana ------------------------------------------------------------ 818 .3 899 .2 1 492 1.9 Oklahoma ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 026 .4 265 .1 332 .4 Texas --------------------------------------------------------------- 6 412 2.6 2 067 .5 3 328 4.3

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona-------------------------------------------------------------- 801 .3 111 – 257 .3 Colorado ------------------------------------------------------------ 819 .3 176 – 291 .4 Idaho --------------------------------------------------------------- 238 .1 24 – 56 .1 Montana------------------------------------------------------------- 76 – 13 – 25 – Nevada-------------------------------------------------------------- 426 .2 134 – 349 .4 New Mexico --------------------------------------------------------- 148 .1 32 – 59 .1 Utah ---------------------------------------------------------------- 655 .3 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Wyoming ------------------------------------------------------------ 91 – 10 – 19 –

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska -------------------------------------------------------------- 49 –2–5 – California ------------------------------------------------------------ 8 388 3.4 1 384 .3 3 872 5.0 Hawaii--------------------------------------------------------------- 70 – 4 – 21 – Oregon -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 099 .4 236 .1 675 .9 Washington ---------------------------------------------------------- 2 289 .9 502 .1 1 421 1.8

– Represents zero or less than 1 unit of measure

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived by subtracting published data from their

respective totals. However, the figures obtained by such subtraction are subject to these same limitations.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

1Ton-miles based on the estimated distance traveled, not on Great Circle Distance. See the " Mileage Calculations" section of this report for further explanation.

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Appendix A.

Comparability With Previous Surveys

The Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) restores a data

program on commodity flows that the Census Bureau

conducted as a part of its 5-year economic census program from 1963 through 1977. The Census Bureau last

published commodity flow data for the 1977 Commodity

Transportation Survey (CTS). Data collected for a modified

1983 CTS did not meet the Census Bureau quality

standards, and were not published. Funding was not

available to conduct the 1987 CTS. The following table

shows a comparison of the 1977, 1983, and 1993 surveys.

For the 1993 CFS, the Census Bureau incorporated improvements identified from the evaluation of previous surveys

and additional research.

Item 1977 19831 1993

1. Industry coverage All manufacturers All manufacturers Manufacturers (minor exceptions)

Selected mining establishments Mining (except mining services

and oil and gas extraction)

Grain wholesalers

Petroleum bulk plants

All wholesale

Video tape distributers

Catalog mail-order houses

Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses)

2. Sample size Approximately 20,000 establishments selected from the

Census of Manufactures’

universe of 350,000

Approximately 71,000 establishments selected from a universe of approximately 339,000

in-scope establishments on

the 1982 SSEL

Approximately 200,000 establishments selected from a universe of approximately 800,000

in-scope establishments on the

1992 SSEL

3. Survey methodology Respondents took a sample

of all shipments for the

previous year.

For each sampled shipment,

respondents reported data,

including commodity code

Respondents summarized data

on their shipments for the

previous year

No shipment sample

No reporting of commodity

Respondents took a sample of

their individual outbound shipments for a 2-week period during each of the four calendar

quarters of 1993

For each sampled shipment,

respondents reported data,

including commodity code

4. Mode of transportationRail Piggyback rail

Rail

Rail

For-hire motor carrier, ICC

For-hire motor carrier, non-ICC

Motor carrier For-hire truck

Private truck Private truck Private truck

Air Air Air

Water Water Inland water and/ or Great Lakes

Deep sea water

Pipeline Pipeline

Parcel delivery Parcel delivery Parcel delivery

Courier

U.S. Postal Service

Other Other Other/ unknown

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX A A–1
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Item 1977 19831 1993

5. Data items requested

on questionnaire

For each shipment:

Total value

Value of each commodity

Aggregated data for 1983:

Total value of products

shipped and services

For each shipment:

Total value

Total weight

Weight of each commodity

Total weight of products

shipped

Total percent of weight

exported

Total percent of weight

shipped < 25 miles

Total weight

All commodities Major commodity

Primary mode of transportationAll modes of transportation

Origin (considered as establishment’s mailing address)Origin (considered as establishment’s mailing address)Origin (respondent provided;

could be other than mailing

address)

Destination For each State of destination:

Total weight shipped

Percent of weight, by

mode

Percent of weight

exported

Destination

Containerized (Y/ N)

Hazardous material (Y/ N)

Export (Y/ N)

1

The 1983 survey results were not published because post survey evaluation uncovered significant deficiencies in the quality of the data.

A–2 APPENDIX A TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Appendix B.

Reliability of the Data

RELIABILITY OF THE ESTIMATES

An estimate based on a sample survey potentially

contains two types of errors—sampling and nonsampling.

Sampling errors occur because the estimate is based on a

sample, not on the entire universe. Nonsampling errors

can be attributed to many sources in the collection and

processing of the data. The accuracy of a survey result is

affected jointly by the two types of errors. The following is

a description of the sampling and nonsampling errors

associated with the estimates computed from the 1993

Commodity Flow Survey (CFS).

MEASURES OF SAMPLING VARIABILITY

Because the estimates were based on a sample, exact

agreement with the results that would be obtained from a

complete census of establishments in the CFS frame using

the same enumeration procedure was not expected. However, because each establishment in the Standard Statistical Establishment List (SSEL) in the specified Standard

Industrial Classifications (SIC) had a known probability of

being selected into the sample, it is possible to estimate

the sampling variablity of the estimates.

The standard error of the estimate is a measure of the

variability among the values of the estimate computed

from all possible samples of the same size and design.

Thus, it is a measure of the precision with which an

estimate from a particular sample approximates the results

of a complete enumeration. The coefficient of variation is

the standard error of the estimate divided by the value

being estimated. It is expressed as a percent. Note that

measures of sampling variablity, such as the standard error

or coefficient of variation, are estimated from the sample

and are also subject to sampling variability. Coefficients of

variation for number of shipments, dollar value, shipment

weight (tons), and ton-miles estimates are shown in tables

B-1 through B-7 in this appendix. Standard errors for the

corresponsing percentage estimates are also shown there.

The standard errors and coefficients of variation presented in these tables permit certain confidence statements about the sample estimates. The particular sample

used in this survey was one of a large number of samples

of the same size that could have been selected using the

same design. In about 9 out of 10 (90 percent) of these

samples, the estimates would differ from the results of a

complete enumeration by less than 1.65 times the standard error of the estimate. In about 19 out of 20 (95

percent) of the samples, the estimates would differ from

the result of a complete enumeration by less than twice the

standard error of the estimate.

To illustrate the computations involved in the above

confidence statements as related to the dollar value

estimates, assume that an estimate of shipment value

published in table 6 is $10,750 million for a particular

commodity and mode of transportation, and that the

coefficient of variation for this estimate, as given in appendix A, table B-6 is 1.8 percent, or 0.018. Multiplying

$10,750 million by 0.018 yields the standard error, $194

million. Typical practice is to construct a 90- or 95-percent

confidence interval. Multiplying $194 million by 1.65 gives

$320 million. Therefore, a 90-percent confidence interval is

$10,430 million to $11,070 million ($10,750 million plus or

minus $320 million). If corresponding confidence intervals

were constructed for all possible samples of the same size

and design, approximately 9 out of 10 (90 percent) of the

intervals would contain the figure obtained from a complete enumeration. Similarly, a 95-percent confidence interval is $10,362 million to $11,138 million ($10,750 million

plus or minus $388 million).

To illustrate the computations involved related to the

percentage estimates, assume that the percentage estimate of shipment value published in table 6 is 25 percent

for a particular commodity and mode of transportation, and

that the standard error of this estimate, as given in

appendix A, table B-6 is 2.2 percent, or 0.022. Multiplying

2.2 percent by 1.65 gives 3.6 percent. So a 90-percent

confidence interval is 21.4 percent to 28.6 percent (25

percent plus or minus 3.6 percent.) If corresponding confidence intervals were constructed for all possible samples

of the same size and design, approximately 9 out of 10 (90

percent) of the intervals would contain the figure obtained

from a complete enumeration.

NONSAMPLING ERRORS

As calculated for this report, the standard error and

coefficient of variation measures sampling errors but does

not measure any systematic biases in the data. Bias is the

difference, averaged over all possible samples of the same

size and design, between the estimate and the true value

being estimated.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX B B–1
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In the CFS as in other surveys nonsampling errors can

be attributed to many sources: (1) inability to obtain

information about all cases in the sample, (2) response

errors, (3) definitional difficulties, (4) differences in the

interpretation of questions, (5) mistakes in coding or

recoding the data obtained, and (6) other errors of collection, response, coverage, and estimation. These nonsampling errors also occur in complete censuses.

Some sources of error are specific to the CFS: (1) Some

respondents may have sampled incorrectly when selecting

a sample of their documents, (2) some reporters may have

used but not reported other units for their measurements—tons

instead of pounds, dollars instead of thousands of dollars,

etc., (3) on any shipment selected for sample, only the

major commodity (by weight) was reported; secondary

commodities within shipments were not recorded. Although

unlikely, this might lead to a net undercoverage of some

secondary commodities. These and other problems could

yield a bias of undetermined amount in certain estimates.

Another possible source of bias in estimating the number of shipments, value, shipment weight (tons), and

ton-miles is the imputation of missing data and for data

which fail edit. Any systematic error in the imputation

procedure can introduce bias into the estimates.

Although no direct measurement of the biases due to

nonsampling error has been obtained, precautionary steps

were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and

tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize their influence.

Biases in the published estimates are due in large part

to imputing data for nonrespondents and for data which fail

edit. The overall imputation rate for the survey was 30 to 40

percent.

B–2 APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table B–1. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

for the State of Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

All modes 3.1 --------------------- – 5.1 – 7.8 – 9.5

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 7.5 ---- .6 4.2 – 7.1 .1 10.7 Private truck 3.7 --------------------------- .8 6.6 3.2 4.5 1.3 4.3 For-hire truck 3.0 -------------------------- 1.3 2.2 1.6 4.5 4.0 2.0 Air 44.6 ------------------------------------ – 37.9 – 35.8 – 32.7

Rail 23.9 ----------------------------------- .5 24.5 3.5 18.8 5.2 9.2 Inland water 43.6 --------------------------- .3 44.2 1.8 29.3 1.4 45.7 Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline (S) ------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 37.2 ----------- – (S) .1 (S) (S) (S) Truck and air 11.4 --------------------------- .1 14.3 – 12.2 – 5.5 Truck and rail 35.1 -------------------------- – 30.4 – 13.0 – 30.3 Truck and water (S) ------------------------ (S) 39.3 .1 (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline (D) ---------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Rail and water 31.8 ------------------------- .1 34.5 1.0 41.7 2.9 23.3 Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 10.1 -------------- .3 20.9 .4 13.9 .3 14.3

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

– Represents date cells equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure

Table B–2. Measures of Reliability for Shipment

Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for State of

Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation

Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

Total 7.8 --------------------------------------------- – 9.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier, total 7.1 ------------------- .1 10.7 Truck, total------------------------------------------------ 3.4 5.1 3.6 Air, total -------------------------------------------------- 12.2 – 5.7 Rail, total ------------------------------------------------- 17.4 5.0 7.8 Inland water, total 33.2 ------------------------------------------ 3.3 28.9

Great Lakes, total (S) ------------------------------------------ (S) (S)

Deep sea water, total (S) -------------------------------------- (S) (S)

Pipeline, total (S) ---------------------------------------------- – (S)

Other and unknown modes, total 13.8 ---------------------------- .3 14.3

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–3
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Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Distance Shipped for State of Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

ALL MODES

Total 3.1 ---------------------------------------------- – 5.1 – 7.8 –

Less than 50 miles 4.0 ----------------------------------------- .9 5.5 2.5 11.2 .8

50 to 99 miles 6.3 --------------------------------------------- .6 14.6 1.6 20.5 1.2

100 to 249 miles 3.6 ------------------------------------------- .5 14.8 1.9 18.8 3.4

250 to 499 miles 2.2 ------------------------------------------- .3 14.7 .9 16.4 2.6

500 to 749 miles 5.1 ------------------------------------------- .4 11.6 .2 14.5 1.4

750 to 999 miles 7.0 ------------------------------------------- .2 12.8 .1 16.6 1.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles 5.9 ---------------------------------------- .3 11.0 .1 11.9 .7

1,500 to 1,999 miles 5.2 ---------------------------------------- .1 (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more 11.3 ---------------------------------------- .4 7.0 .1 7.0 .9

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 7.5 ------------------ – 4.2 – 7.1 –

Less than 50 miles 9.2 ----------------------------------------- 1.2 11.0 1.5 8.1 .1 50 to 99 miles 9.2 --------------------------------------------- .6 5.4 .7 5.3 .2 100 to 249 miles 21.3 ------------------------------------------- 2.3 8.1 1.8 7.6 .7 250 to 499 miles 6.3 ------------------------------------------- 1.3 9.7 1.2 9.7 1.0 500 to 749 miles 8.0 ------------------------------------------- .7 8.0 .7 7.8 .7

750 to 999 miles 5.2 ------------------------------------------- .5 5.9 .3 6.0 .6

1,000 to 1,499 miles 11.4 ---------------------------------------- .4 17.9 .9 18.1 1.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles 11.2 ---------------------------------------- .2 19.8 .3 20.0 1.0

2,000 miles or more 17.0 ---------------------------------------- 1.3 13.3 .8 13.3 2.4

Private truck 3.7 ------------------------------------------ – 6.6 – 4.5 –

Less than 50 miles 4.4 ----------------------------------------- 1.9 7.2 1.1 7.8 1.9

50 to 99 miles 10.8 --------------------------------------------- 1.5 9.6 .7 9.0 1.5

100 to 249 miles 4.7 ------------------------------------------- .6 6.0 .5 6.0 .9

250 to 499 miles 6.9 ------------------------------------------- .3 6.8 .1 6.2 .6

500 to 749 miles 12.5 ------------------------------------------- .2 13.6 .1 13.2 .6

750 to 999 miles 27.7 ------------------------------------------- .2 24.2 .1 24.2 1.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles 26.5 ---------------------------------------- .2 12.7 – 12.9 .3

1,500 to 1,999 miles 17.4 ---------------------------------------- – 24.6 – 23.5 .2

2,000 miles or more 37.3 ---------------------------------------- .2 41.4 – 42.6 1.7

For-hire truck 3.0 ----------------------------------------- – 2.2 – 4.5 –

Less than 50 miles 4.1 ----------------------------------------- .4 5.3 2.0 6.6 .6

50 to 99 miles 7.3 --------------------------------------------- .9 3.9 .7 3.8 .3

100 to 249 miles 4.1 ------------------------------------------- 1.1 5.7 1.1 6.2 .9

250 to 499 miles 2.6 ------------------------------------------- .2 3.1 .4 3.5 .5

500 to 749 miles 6.8 ------------------------------------------- .9 9.4 .3 8.8 .8

750 to 999 miles 9.2 ------------------------------------------- .4 6.2 .1 6.2 .6 1,000 to 1,499 miles 10.2 ---------------------------------------- .5 9.5 .1 9.5 .6 1,500 to 1,999 miles 8.3 ---------------------------------------- .1 11.4 – 11.9 .2 2,000 miles or more 18.2 ---------------------------------------- 1.0 9.6 .1 9.8 .9

Air ---------------------------------------------------- 44.6 – 37.9 – 35.8 –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles (D) --------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100 to 249 miles 93.6 ------------------------------------------- (S) 84.8 (S) 89.4 (S)

250 to 499 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles 72.9 ------------------------------------------- (S) 74.4 (S) 71.8 (S)

750 to 999 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,000 to 1,499 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 96.2 (S) 95.9 (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles 100.0 ---------------------------------------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 (S)

2,000 miles or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) 35.5 15.7 33.9 15.2

Rail --------------------------------------------------- 23.9 – 24.5 – 18.8 –

Less than 50 miles (S) ----------------------------------------- (S) 14.5 5.7 18.1 .6

50 to 99 miles (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 100 to 249 miles 27.7 ------------------------------------------- 4.8 30.6 7.2 31.7 7.5 250 to 499 miles 21.4 ------------------------------------------- 2.8 25.9 3.9 25.6 5.3 500 to 749 miles 27.7 ------------------------------------------- 2.6 25.5 1.3 25.3 2.9

750 to 999 miles 31.5 ------------------------------------------- 1.7 32.8 .7 32.5 2.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles 29.1 ---------------------------------------- 2.0 23.9 .6 24.1 2.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more 20.0 ---------------------------------------- 1.3 29.2 .2 29.5 1.0

Inland water 43.6 ------------------------------------------ – 44.2 – 29.3 –

Less than 50 miles (S) ----------------------------------------- (S) 48.6 11.9 (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles 46.2 ------------------------------------------- 9.3 (S) (S) (S) (S)

750 to 999 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) 48.6 2.9 48.3 10.6

1,000 to 1,499 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Great Lakes – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– – 50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Deep sea water – --------------------------------------- –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

B–4nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
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Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Distance Shipped for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Pipeline ----------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) 66.9 (S)

Less than 50 miles (S) ----------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 66.9 (S)

50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– –

100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 37.2 ------------------------ – (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles 34.4 ----------------------------------------- 9.3 (S) (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 53.8 (S)

100 to 249 miles 37.7 ------------------------------------------- 5.0 (S) (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles 36.9 ------------------------------------------- 5.7 42.9 3.8 44.2 5.0

500 to 749 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) 43.5 3.2 42.6 6.9

750 to 999 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles 55.0 ---------------------------------------- (S) 72.3 .4 71.9 (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles 95.2 ---------------------------------------- (S) 99.5 .3 99.6 (S)

2,000 miles or more 70.9 ---------------------------------------- (S) 81.2 .2 80.8 (S)

Truck and air 11.4 ------------------------------------------ – 14.3 – 12.2 –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles 29.3 --------------------------------------------- 1.4 (S) (S) 65.2 (S)

100 to 249 miles 29.7 ------------------------------------------- 2.8 29.7 3.2 35.1 1.4

250 to 499 miles 15.0 ------------------------------------------- 2.1 21.0 1.5 19.5 1.1

500 to 749 miles 28.7 ------------------------------------------- 3.5 25.3 3.6 24.9 2.7

750 to 999 miles 21.0 ------------------------------------------- 1.3 28.1 1.6 30.9 2.6

1,000 to 1,499 miles 14.9 ---------------------------------------- 1.4 26.7 2.7 29.7 3.0

1,500 to 1,999 miles 38.5 ---------------------------------------- 1.8 28.5 .9 28.3 1.3

2,000 miles or more 18.6 ---------------------------------------- 4.3 17.2 3.5 16.2 4.2

Truck and rail 35.1 ----------------------------------------- – 30.4 – 13.0 –

Less than 50 miles (S) ----------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 90.3 (S)

50 to 99 miles (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 68.5 (S)

100 to 249 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 85.2 (S) 500 to 749 miles 49.3 ------------------------------------------- 7.3 30.2 6.9 30.6 3.7

750 to 999 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) 37.4 .7 38.8 .4

1,000 to 1,499 miles 47.8 ---------------------------------------- 3.5 45.8 3.6 42.7 3.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– – 2,000 miles or more 31.5 ---------------------------------------- 7.7 6.5 11.8 6.7 6.0

Truck and water (S) --------------------------------------- (S) 39.3 – (S) (S)

Less than 50 miles (S) ----------------------------------------- (S) 100.0 .9 100.0 –

50 to 99 miles (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 67.9 (S) 100 to 249 miles 47.7 ------------------------------------------- 13.1 (S) (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 500 to 749 miles 100.0 ------------------------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 –

750 to 999 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– – 2,000 miles or more (S) ---------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline (D) ------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles (D) ----------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– – 1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– – 2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Rail and water 31.8 ----------------------------------------- – 34.5 – 41.7 –

Less than 50 miles (D) ----------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50 to 99 miles (D) --------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100 to 249 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

250 to 499 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – -------------------------- –––– –

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles --------------------------------------------- – –––– – 100 to 249 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 250 to 499 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– – 500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–5
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Table B–3. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Distance Shipped for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and distance shipped

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon.

750 to 999 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) ----------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 miles – ----------------------------------------- –––– –

50 to 99 miles (S) --------------------------------------------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 (S)

100 to 249 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

250 to 499 miles (S) ------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles – ------------------------------------------- –––– –

750 to 999 miles (D) ------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1,000 to 1,499 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

1,500 to 1,999 miles – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

2,000 miles or more – ---------------------------------------- –––– –

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 10.1 ---------------------------- – 20.9 – 13.9 –

Less than 50 miles 13.5 ----------------------------------------- 3.8 25.3 8.7 27.7 1.8

50 to 99 miles 20.6 --------------------------------------------- 2.5 15.5 3.7 15.4 1.2

100 to 249 miles 15.5 ------------------------------------------- 1.4 18.8 2.1 19.3 2.3

250 to 499 miles 18.1 ------------------------------------------- 1.4 21.7 1.2 21.2 1.9

500 to 749 miles 14.6 ------------------------------------------- .9 17.7 .7 18.0 1.6

750 to 999 miles 22.6 ------------------------------------------- 1.3 32.8 .8 32.3 3.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles 25.3 ---------------------------------------- 1.3 42.9 2.4 44.5 6.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles 23.4 ---------------------------------------- .1 33.2 .1 31.5 .9

2,000 miles or more 19.9 ---------------------------------------- 1.0 28.0 .8 27.7 7.1

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure

B–6nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:22 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_4_42 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-17104440.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:10:59 UTF:TIPS93-17104440.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:11:00 META:TIPS96-17104440.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:18

Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Shipment Size for State of Origin: 1993

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

ALL MODES

Total 3.1 -------------------------- – 5.1 – 7.8 – 9.5

Less than 50 lb 7.1 ------------------------ .6 6.7 – 7.1 – 11.4

50 to 99 lb 6.9 ----------------------------- .1 4.2 – 7.0 – 5.7

100 to 499 lb 5.2 -------------------------- .6 2.4 – 6.2 .1 4.3

500 to 749 lb 5.2 -------------------------- .1 5.5 – 4.3 – 4.8

750 to 999 lb 7.4 -------------------------- .2 9.7 .1 3.5 – 7.9

1,000 to 9,999 lb 3.9 ----------------------- .4 4.7 .7 2.5 .6 4.8

10,000 to 49,999 lb 3.5 --------------------- 1.4 3.8 2.9 3.9 3.4 4.2

50,000 to 99,999 lb 13.5 --------------------- .4 10.5 .9 4.5 .5 7.7

100,000 lb or more 18.4 --------------------- .7 15.3 3.7 14.1 4.6 10.3

SINGLE MODES

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or

courier 7.5 ---------------------------- – 4.2 – 7.1 – 10.7

Less than 50 lb 9.4 ------------------------ 2.1 8.2 2.7 9.0 3.0 11.0

50 to 99 lb 9.9 ----------------------------- .9 6.6 1.3 8.9 2.1 2.9

100 to 499 lb 5.6 -------------------------- 1.1 7.8 2.1 20.6 3.3 6.8

500 to 749 lb 19.8 -------------------------- .4 19.1 .7 14.1 .4 13.4

750 to 999 lb 33.5 -------------------------- .3 25.8 .6 46.0 1.5 20.7

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Private truck 3.7 ---------------------- – 6.6 – 4.5 – 4.3

Less than 50 lb 9.8 ------------------------ .4 7.4 – 9.3 – 9.9 50 to 99 lb 6.3 ----------------------------- .2 5.9 – 7.9 – 9.4 100 to 499 lb 3.3 -------------------------- .3 3.6 .1 5.4 .1 5.1 500 to 749 lb 8.7 -------------------------- .3 7.8 .1 9.0 .1 8.4 750 to 999 lb 12.8 -------------------------- .4 12.1 .1 6.9 .1 12.0

1,000 to 9,999 lb 3.7 ----------------------- .4 6.0 1.0 3.6 .7 5.5

10,000 to 49,999 lb 4.5 --------------------- 1.2 8.7 2.3 3.0 2.1 6.8

50,000 to 99,999 lb 22.2 --------------------- 1.1 13.3 1.8 9.8 1.0 8.4

100,000 lb or more 42.7 --------------------- .5 22.5 1.9 30.5 2.4 26.1

For-hire truck 3.0 --------------------- – 2.2 – 4.5 – 2.0

Less than 50 lb 17.8 ------------------------ .2 44.9 .1 17.1 – 7.7

50 to 99 lb 10.9 ----------------------------- .1 10.2 – 12.0 – 5.2

100 to 499 lb 10.7 -------------------------- 1.2 5.2 – 7.5 .1 1.9

500 to 749 lb 6.5 -------------------------- .2 6.0 – 5.8 .1 2.9

750 to 999 lb 9.1 -------------------------- .2 7.8 – 5.1 .1 5.5

1,000 to 9,999 lb 5.6 ----------------------- 1.0 5.5 .3 3.3 .6 3.8 10,000 to 49,999 lb 4.9 --------------------- 1.7 3.9 2.0 4.5 1.3 4.2 50,000 to 99,999 lb 12.6 --------------------- .3 13.1 1.7 7.2 .4 10.7 100,000 lb or more 16.6 --------------------- .2 25.3 1.6 28.8 1.5 32.4

Air 44.6 -------------------------------- – 37.9 – 35.8 – 32.7

Less than 50 lb (S) ------------------------ (S) 63.9 12.4 30.9 13.9 34.1

50 to 99 lb 94.1 ----------------------------- 5.2 77.5 7.3 78.3 (S) (S)

100 to 499 lb 62.1 -------------------------- 7.6 67.7 10.0 65.9 (S) (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) 67.0 10.1 88.3 (S) (S)

750 to 999 lb 100.0 -------------------------- 2.4 100.0 8.5 100.0 (S) (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ----------------------- (S) 74.4 16.9 73.1 (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Rail 23.9 ------------------------------- – 24.5 – 18.8 – 9.2

Less than 50 lb 78.1 ------------------------ – 69.4 – 77.8 – (S) 50 to 99 lb 100.0 ----------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

100 to 499 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) 45.2 – 55.1 – (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) 41.6 – 42.3 – (S) 750 to 999 lb 49.3 -------------------------- – 73.8 – 44.5 – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ----------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 25.0 --------------------- 1.5 31.9 .3 22.7 .5 17.5

50,000 to 99,999 lb 32.2 --------------------- 1.1 27.8 .4 28.0 .2 27.9

100,000 lb or more 24.8 --------------------- 1.7 24.8 .7 18.9 .6 8.1

Inland water 43.6 ---------------------- – 44.2 – 29.3 – 45.7

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) 10.5 (S)

100,000 lb or more 44.3 --------------------- 14.8 44.5 14.8 29.3 14.9 41.1

Great Lakes – ----------------------- ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– – 50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------- ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–7
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:22 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_4_42 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-17104440.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:10:59 UTF:TIPS93-17104440.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:11:00 META:TIPS96-17104440.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:18

Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Shipment Size for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

SINGLE MODESmCon.

Deep sea watermCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Pipeline (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 100.0 --------------------- .3 (S) (S) 100.0 (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

MULTIPLE MODES

Private truck and for-hire truck 37.2 ---- – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb (S) ------------------------ (S) (S) (S) 95.9 – (S)

50 to 99 lb 64.4 ----------------------------- .1 62.1 – 76.3 – (S)

100 to 499 lb 43.3 -------------------------- .7 42.6 .4 86.2 .1 (S)

500 to 749 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) 58.0 .6 47.6 .5 44.6

750 to 999 lb 83.1 -------------------------- .1 96.4 .1 96.4 .1 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 37.9 ----------------------- 10.2 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 41.0 --------------------- 11.9 (S) (S) 43.5 10.1 (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Truck and air 11.4 ---------------------- – 14.3 – 12.2 – 5.5

Less than 50 lb 8.5 ------------------------ 3.6 13.9 1.5 12.6 1.3 6.7

50 to 99 lb 12.5 ----------------------------- 1.3 16.3 .9 20.1 .8 7.1

100 to 499 lb 19.5 -------------------------- 5.3 13.0 3.9 14.9 3.8 5.5

500 to 749 lb 39.5 -------------------------- 2.0 37.0 2.7 34.4 2.2 16.1

750 to 999 lb 31.9 -------------------------- .6 43.1 1.8 39.5 3.3 17.2

1,000 to 9,999 lb 31.9 ----------------------- 2.5 24.1 3.4 21.3 3.0 11.5

10,000 to 49,999 lb (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail 35.1 --------------------- – 30.4 – 13.0 – 30.3

Less than 50 lb 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb 100.0 -------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb 72.4 -------------------------- – 89.4 – 69.4 – (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb 40.2 ----------------------- 6.2 (S) (S) 31.1 .6 26.9

10,000 to 49,999 lb 41.7 --------------------- 8.1 26.1 8.4 11.8 5.8 27.4 50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Truck and water (S) ------------------- (S) 39.3 – (S) (S) (S)

Less than 50 lb (S) ------------------------ (S) 58.9 10.5 61.2 10.5 (S) 50 to 99 lb 100.0 ----------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S) 100 to 499 lb 63.1 -------------------------- – 74.6 – 64.1 – (S) 500 to 749 lb 100.0 -------------------------- .1 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

750 to 999 lb (S) -------------------------- (S) 100.0 4.7 100.0 4.2 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ----------------------- (S) 54.7 5.8 (S) 6.4 (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb 40.7 --------------------- 14.7 42.2 15.9 45.7 15.6 42.6 50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 100,000 lb or more (S) --------------------- (S) 49.5 18.6 (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline (D) ----------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– – 50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– – 10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– – 50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water 31.8 --------------------- – 34.5 – 41.7 – 23.3

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb 100.0 --------------------- .1 (S) (S) (S) .5 (S)

50,000 to 99,999 lb 100.0 --------------------- – (S) (S) 100.0 – (S)

100,000 lb or more (S) --------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 23.4

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------ ––––– –

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– – 100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– – 750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

B–8nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:22 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_4_42 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-17104440.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:10:59 UTF:TIPS93-17104440.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:11:00 META:TIPS96-17104440.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:12:18

Table B–4. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation

and Shipment Size for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

Mode of transportation and shipment size

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

MULTIPLE MODESmCon.

Inland water and Great LakesmCon.

1,000 to 9,999 lb – ----------------------- ––––– –

10,000 to 49,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

50,000 to 99,999 lb – --------------------- ––––– –

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) --------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Less than 50 lb – ------------------------ ––––– –

50 to 99 lb – ----------------------------- ––––– –

100 to 499 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

500 to 749 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

750 to 999 lb – -------------------------- ––––– –

1,000 to 9,999 lb (S) ----------------------- (S) 100.0 10.5 100.0 10.5 (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

50,000 to 99,999 lb (D) --------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

100,000 lb or more – --------------------- ––––– –

OTHER MODES

Other and unknown modes 10.1 -------- – 20.9 – 13.9 – 14.3

Less than 50 lb 13.3 ------------------------ 1.2 25.7 .2 26.9 – 18.7

50 to 99 lb 28.9 ----------------------------- 1.0 21.0 .1 22.8 – 13.3

100 to 499 lb 12.6 -------------------------- 1.3 17.1 .3 17.0 .1 17.2

500 to 749 lb 27.1 -------------------------- .9 21.8 .2 22.0 .1 (S)

750 to 999 lb 18.2 -------------------------- .2 24.8 .1 38.2 .2 41.4

1,000 to 9,999 lb 14.4 ----------------------- 2.9 14.6 2.4 14.6 2.3 14.2

10,000 to 49,999 lb 15.2 --------------------- 3.0 26.8 9.8 13.0 7.3 18.2

50,000 to 99,999 lb 31.7 --------------------- .9 44.1 3.7 (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more 32.2 --------------------- 1.4 32.9 11.9 35.8 5.1 31.7

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–9
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:16:15 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_5_42 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-17154253.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:15:45 UTF:TIPS93-17154253.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:15:45 META:TIPS96-17154253.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:16:09

Table B–5. Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity

for State of Origin: 1993

STCC

code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles

Average miles per

shipment

ALL COMMODITIES

Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.1 5.1 7.8 9.5

01 Farm products --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14.2 17.5 15.8 25.5 08 Forest products -------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) 39.5 39.5

09 Fresh fish or other marine products -------------------------------------------------------- 34.5 31.3 25.9 (S) 10 Metallic ores----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) 36.8 45.6 11.6 11 Coal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17.6 16.4 21.6 21.1

13 Crude petroleum, natural gas, or gasoline--------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) 14 Nonmetallic minerals --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.3 11.5 10.9 34.4 19 Ordnance or accessories ----------------------------------------------------------------- 27.9 24.7 26.8 6.9 20 Food or kindred products ----------------------------------------------------------------- 3.8 5.6 5.3 11.3 21 Tobacco products, excluding insecticides --------------------------------------------------- 21.0 18.2 33.5 36.0

22 Textile mill products ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 17.5 21.5 16.6 6.0 23 Apparel or other finished textile products --------------------------------------------------- 8.4 15.6 12.8 12.4 24 Lumber or wood products, excluding furniture ----------------------------------------------- 9.4 16.9 10.5 23.4 25 Furniture or fixtures----------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.5 12.3 11.2 14.2 26 Pulp, paper, or allied products ------------------------------------------------------------- 5.4 6.1 8.9 11.2

27 Printed matter --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) –

28 Chemicals or allied products -------------------------------------------------------------- 12.1 15.3 6.9 15.7 29 Petroleum or coal products---------------------------------------------------------------- 15.1 30.8 43.7 11.3 30 Rubber or miscellaneous plastics products-------------------------------------------------- 6.6 8.2 11.4 4.3 31 Leather or leather products --------------------------------------------------------------- 22.1 12.8 20.2 10.7

32 Clay, concrete, glass, or stone products ---------------------------------------------------- 7.1 11.2 9.0 18.0 33 Primary metal products ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.6 14.8 13.3 7.8 34 Fabricated metal products----------------------------------------------------------------- 7.0 6.2 6.8 12.3 35 Machinery, excluding electrical------------------------------------------------------------- 6.9 7.4 7.1 10.3 36 Electrical machinery, equipment, or supplies ------------------------------------------------ 9.0 8.5 9.2 9.7

37 Transportation equipment ----------------------------------------------------------------- 24.7 17.8 16.0 14.1 38 Instruments, photographic goods, optical goods, watches, or clocks 13.2 --------------------------- 26.8 15.2 11.1 39 Miscellaneous products of manufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 22.5 21.4 30.8 27.0 40 Waste or scrap materials ----------------------------------------------------------------- 19.4 13.9 25.1 23.0 41 Miscellaneous freight shipments ----------------------------------------------------------- (S) 36.3 28.1 13.4

42 Containers, carriers or devices, shipping, returned empty 33.3 ------------------------------------- 32.1 33.5 34.5 48 Waste hazardous materials or waste hazardous substances (S) ---------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) m Commodity unknown --------------------------------------------------------------------- 41.5 30.5 21.9 19.7

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure

B–10nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

ALL COMMODITIES

Total 3.1 -------------------------- – 5.1 – 7.8 – 9.5

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 7.5 ---- .6 4.2 – 7.1 .1 10.7

Private truck 3.7 --------------------------- .8 6.6 3.2 4.5 1.3 4.3

For-hire truck 3.0 -------------------------- 1.3 2.2 1.6 4.5 4.0 2.0

Air 44.6 ------------------------------------ – 37.9 – 35.8 – 32.7

Rail 23.9 ----------------------------------- .5 24.5 3.5 18.8 5.2 9.2

Inland water 43.6 --------------------------- .3 44.2 1.8 29.3 1.4 45.7

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline (S) ------------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 37.2 ----------- – (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Truck and air 11.4 --------------------------- .1 14.3 – 12.2 – 5.5

Truck and rail 35.1 -------------------------- – 30.4 – 13.0 – 30.3

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ (S) 39.3 .1 (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline (D) ---------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Rail and water 31.8 ------------------------- .1 34.5 1.0 41.7 2.9 23.3

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 10.1 -------------- .3 20.9 .4 13.9 .3 14.3

STCC 01, FARM PRODUCTS

Total 14.2 -------------------------- – 17.5 – 15.8 – 25.5

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 15.3 --------------------------- 2.8 15.7 3.1 14.1 3.9 28.3

For-hire truck 31.2 -------------------------- 2.6 32.5 2.2 32.9 4.3 46.7

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- – (S) (S) 66.6 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 44.6 – 45.4 .2 24.3

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) 35.7 .6 42.4 1.1 (S)

STCC 08, FOREST PRODUCTS

Total (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 39.5 – 39.5

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 100.0 ---- (S) 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Private truck (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 42.2 10.4 (S)

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 81.7 -------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–11
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 09, FRESH FISH OR OTHER

MARINE PRODUCTS

Total 34.5 -------------------------- – 31.3 – 25.9 – (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 100.0 ---- (S) 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Private truck (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 41.7 15.4 (S)

For-hire truck 49.0 -------------------------- 15.5 47.0 15.1 39.4 14.9 (S)

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air 100.0 --------------------------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 (S) (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) 55.5 (S) 66.9 (S) (S)

STCC 10, METALLIC ORES

Total (S) -------------------------- (S) 36.8 – 45.6 – 11.6

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) 98.6 – 99.5 .2 (S)

Private truck (S) --------------------------- (S) 46.3 2.3 (S) 1.9 (S)

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) 37.3 2.3 46.5 4.6 12.6 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air 100.0 --------------------------- .1 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and rail 100.0 -------------------------- – 100.0 (S) (S) 4.3 (S)

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 100.0 -------------- .1 (S) (S) (S) .3 (S)

STCC 11, COAL

Total 17.6 -------------------------- – 16.4 – 21.6 – 21.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 100.0 ---- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Private truck 34.4 --------------------------- .8 24.7 .5 (S) (S) (S)

For-hire truck 10.2 -------------------------- 7.4 11.3 9.4 15.9 6.3 20.2

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 25.3 ----------------------------------- 6.2 27.6 7.4 25.9 8.7 (S)

Inland water 39.9 --------------------------- 1.5 41.9 1.3 (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .5 (S) Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .3 (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) .2 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water 31.8 ------------------------- 5.8 34.5 5.4 41.7 9.0 23.3

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 44.2 -------------- .2 49.1 1.5 (S) .1 (S)

B–12nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 13, CRUDE PETROLEUM,

NATURAL GAS, OR GASOLINE

Total (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier – ---- ––––– –

Private truck (D) --------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

For-hire truck (D) -------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline (S) ------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 100.0 10.5 (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – -------------- ––––– –

STCC 14, NONMETALLIC

MINERALS

Total 6.3 -------------------------- – 11.5 – 10.9 – 34.4

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) (S) – (S) .1 (S)

Private truck 11.7 --------------------------- 4.1 15.9 3.8 16.7 4.5 5.9

For-hire truck 16.3 -------------------------- 4.8 10.5 3.7 15.6 5.3 20.5

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 27.5 ----------------------------------- 1.3 26.2 .7 18.2 2.0 24.4

Inland water (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .3 (S)

Truck and air 100.0 --------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – (S) – (S) .1 (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) 46.2 – (S) – (S)

STCC 19, ORDNANCE OR

ACCESSORIES

Total 27.9 -------------------------- – 24.7 – 26.8 – 6.9

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 35.4 ---- 4.2 30.4 1.8 33.7 2.1 11.5 Private truck (D) --------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) For-hire truck 33.3 -------------------------- 6.8 24.1 5.3 26.1 11.2 9.9 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail (D) ----------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air 33.5 --------------------------- 1.0 24.6 .1 25.7 .5 18.6 Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–13
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 20, FOOD OR KINDRED

PRODUCTS

Total 3.8 -------------------------- – 5.6 – 5.3 – 11.3

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 23.1 ---- – 17.1 – 19.7 – 10.2

Private truck 6.3 --------------------------- 2.5 6.5 1.1 5.2 2.1 7.6

For-hire truck 6.6 -------------------------- 2.2 5.3 1.1 8.3 2.1 9.2

Air 89.7 ------------------------------------ – 91.5 – 94.9 – (S)

Rail 24.5 ----------------------------------- .1 29.7 .1 27.6 .4 23.6

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 42.1 ----------- – 29.3 – 47.0 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- – (S) – 48.1 – 26.6

Truck and rail 29.3 -------------------------- .1 36.5 .1 23.2 .6 22.5

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 38.9 -------------- .5 23.4 .3 21.2 .3 (S)

STCC 21, TOBACCO PRODUCTS,

EXCLUDING INSECTICIDES

Total 21.0 -------------------------- – 18.2 – 33.5 – 36.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 19.5 ---- 1.3 17.9 .7 22.4 1.4 11.8

Private truck 31.6 --------------------------- 9.8 25.8 9.6 26.0 5.9 24.8

For-hire truck 30.2 -------------------------- 9.5 34.2 9.9 37.3 7.1 11.5

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air 100.0 --------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) 92.8 (S) 98.2 .3 (S)

STCC 22, TEXTILE MILL

PRODUCTS

Total 17.5 -------------------------- – 21.5 – 16.6 – 6.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 26.2 ---- 3.3 31.6 1.9 21.2 1.9 7.4 Private truck 26.8 --------------------------- 4.9 34.1 6.9 17.6 3.7 13.5 For-hire truck 26.5 -------------------------- 6.0 30.2 6.8 21.7 5.8 9.3 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 60.7 – (S) .1 (S)

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 24.7 -------------- .5 38.9 1.2 40.8 .8 (S)

B–14nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 5

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 23, APPAREL OR OTHER

FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS

Total 8.4 -------------------------- – 15.6 – 12.8 – 12.4

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 22.2 ---- 4.5 29.1 3.5 32.0 5.1 12.3

Private truck 22.2 --------------------------- 2.7 22.0 3.8 21.3 .8 43.4

For-hire truck 12.1 -------------------------- 6.0 19.2 6.0 15.0 5.7 5.3

Air (S) ------------------------------------ – 77.1 – 68.4 – (S)

Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 100.0 ----------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and air 49.1 --------------------------- .8 41.2 .4 47.1 1.8 13.1

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 38.5 -------------- 3.3 33.7 1.7 38.1 3.1 (S)

STCC 24, LUMBER OR WOOD

PRODUCTS, EXCLUDING

FURNITURE

Total 9.4 -------------------------- – 16.9 – 10.5 – 23.4

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) 30.0 – 44.4 .1 15.6 Private truck 15.2 --------------------------- 3.8 25.5 4.0 16.8 4.2 7.5 For-hire truck 7.4 -------------------------- 2.3 13.1 4.1 10.9 3.4 9.1 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail 29.7 ----------------------------------- .5 41.6 .7 32.6 3.0 22.4

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- – (S) – (S) – (S)

Truck and rail 42.0 -------------------------- .1 45.2 .1 46.3 .4 45.0

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 25, FURNITURE OR

FIXTURES

Total 10.5 -------------------------- – 12.3 – 11.2 – 14.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 31.4 ---- 1.3 21.0 .3 24.6 .5 7.6 Private truck 16.6 --------------------------- 4.0 21.7 4.1 29.2 3.0 21.1 For-hire truck 12.7 -------------------------- 4.2 9.6 4.0 12.1 3.5 10.3 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 63.7 – 48.8 – 22.7 Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 48.0 -------------- 2.1 39.0 1.8 31.1 .6 (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–15
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 6

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 26, PULP, PAPER, OR

ALLIED PRODUCTS

Total 5.4 -------------------------- – 6.1 – 8.9 – 11.2

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 32.3 ---- 1.4 16.4 .1 22.6 .2 12.3

Private truck 7.1 --------------------------- 2.1 7.6 2.0 10.8 1.8 5.6

For-hire truck 7.2 -------------------------- 2.3 7.2 2.3 7.2 2.2 9.1

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- – 61.4 – 64.3 – (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 46.3 – 49.2 – 23.1

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .3 (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 17.6 -------------- .2 21.0 .3 32.0 .4 32.7

STCC 27, PRINTED MATTER

Total (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Private truck (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- – (S) – 76.2 – –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) 77.0 – 76.8 – –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) –

STCC 28, CHEMICALS OR ALLIED

PRODUCTS

Total 12.1 -------------------------- – 15.3 – 6.9 – 15.7

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 18.3 ---- .7 15.2 – 18.7 .1 12.4 Private truck 21.3 --------------------------- 4.0 27.5 7.5 22.9 4.1 20.6 For-hire truck 9.5 -------------------------- 3.8 10.2 6.0 7.7 3.6 9.1 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail 25.4 ----------------------------------- .5 28.8 2.1 26.7 2.7 30.3

Inland water (S) --------------------------- – (S) – 100.0 – (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline (S) ------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck 66.8 ----------- – (S) – 94.6 – (S) Truck and air 17.5 --------------------------- .1 30.4 – (S) .1 (S) Truck and rail 43.1 -------------------------- – 47.2 – 47.5 .1 25.8 Truck and water (S) ------------------------ – 87.5 – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 28.7 -------------- .4 43.6 .5 36.6 .4 32.4

B–16nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 7

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 29, PETROLEUM OR COAL

PRODUCTS

Total 15.1 -------------------------- – 30.8 – 43.7 – 11.3

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 33.9 ---- – 33.5 – 30.7 – 25.0

Private truck 17.5 --------------------------- 7.1 17.8 10.3 18.5 7.5 11.0

For-hire truck 13.5 -------------------------- 4.1 18.0 4.7 15.8 8.5 34.9

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 48.4 10.3 (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline 100.0 ------------------------------- – (S) – 100.0 – (S)

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- – (S) (S) (S) .2 (S)

Truck and air 100.0 --------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and rail 100.0 -------------------------- – 100.0 – (S) – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline (D) ---------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (D) -------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

STCC 30, RUBBER OR

MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS

PRODUCTS

Total 6.6 -------------------------- – 8.2 – 11.4 – 4.3

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 13.7 ---- 2.0 15.4 .4 14.8 .6 8.0 Private truck 9.7 --------------------------- 2.2 6.8 2.4 15.5 1.9 10.6 For-hire truck 9.1 -------------------------- 2.7 12.0 2.5 11.6 2.8 4.5 Air 92.5 ------------------------------------ – 77.3 – 92.5 – (S) Rail 41.8 ----------------------------------- .1 49.3 .3 39.7 .4 23.1

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- – 98.6 – 75.3 – (S)

Truck and air 28.2 --------------------------- .1 33.5 – 30.4 – 7.1

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- – (S) – (S) .4 (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (S) -------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 44.1 -------------- .9 47.3 1.1 37.1 .7 (S)

STCC 31, LEATHER OR LEATHER

PRODUCTS

Total 22.1 -------------------------- – 12.8 – 20.2 – 10.7

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 28.6 ---- 4.0 25.9 2.8 26.0 3.6 12.6 Private truck 19.5 --------------------------- 6.9 18.6 6.1 44.4 5.9 46.5 For-hire truck 37.2 -------------------------- 8.5 24.7 7.7 29.9 7.3 8.2 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail – ----------------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 83.7 (S) 82.4 .4 (S) Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 43.7 -------------- 1.2 43.5 1.4 37.6 2.1 (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–17
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 8

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 32, CLAY, CONCRETE,

GLASS, OR STONE PRODUCTS

Total 7.1 -------------------------- – 11.2 – 9.0 – 18.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 29.6 ---- 1.5 37.2 – 40.1 .2 11.3

Private truck 8.0 --------------------------- 2.7 9.0 3.1 8.4 2.1 8.4

For-hire truck 10.3 -------------------------- 2.7 14.9 2.9 7.3 3.0 11.9

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 34.6 ----------------------------------- .3 (S) (S) 44.5 3.0 47.1

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) – (S) .1 (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 33.8 – 44.8 – 13.1

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ – 100.0 – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea (S) -------------- (S) (S) – (S) (S) (S)

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 34.4 -------------- .7 25.4 .3 43.9 .8 (S)

STCC 33, PRIMARY METAL

PRODUCTS

Total 4.6 -------------------------- – 14.8 – 13.3 – 7.8

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 16.1 ---- .4 24.9 – 22.6 – 8.7

Private truck 6.3 --------------------------- .9 18.2 2.5 10.1 .9 17.0

For-hire truck 7.0 -------------------------- 2.6 16.4 3.8 16.3 4.5 4.9

Air (S) ------------------------------------ – 98.5 – 99.0 – (S)

Rail 20.7 ----------------------------------- 1.7 19.4 2.7 22.0 4.2 19.4

Inland water (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 27.8 – 40.1 – 8.1

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- – (S) – (S) .1 (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 32.3 -------------- .7 34.5 .6 35.7 1.6 24.1

STCC 34, FABRICATED METAL

PRODUCTS

Total 7.0 -------------------------- – 6.2 – 6.8 – 12.3

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 11.5 ---- 1.4 16.7 .4 26.1 .8 11.8 Private truck 8.2 --------------------------- 1.3 10.6 2.5 13.5 .8 6.9 For-hire truck 8.3 -------------------------- 1.9 7.9 2.8 6.9 2.3 5.3 Air (S) ------------------------------------ – 52.5 – 46.3 – 25.4 Rail 34.0 ----------------------------------- .6 35.8 1.3 40.8 2.6 41.4

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- – 53.0 – 62.7 – (S) Truck and air 14.3 --------------------------- .2 16.6 – 18.0 .1 7.1 Truck and rail 33.2 -------------------------- – (S) (S) (S) .5 (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ – 89.2 – (S) – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 19.5 -------------- .3 28.0 .4 30.3 .4 16.2

B–18nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 9

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 35, MACHINERY,

EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL

Total 6.9 -------------------------- – 7.4 – 7.1 – 10.3

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 11.7 ---- 2.1 10.3 .8 13.3 .8 7.6

Private truck 12.6 --------------------------- 1.9 12.9 2.7 17.1 1.3 17.1

For-hire truck 8.0 -------------------------- 2.8 9.9 2.8 8.4 2.2 5.3

Air (S) ------------------------------------ – 68.0 – 54.0 – (S)

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- – 94.9 – 94.2 – (S)

Truck and air 31.2 --------------------------- .6 35.9 .2 37.1 .5 5.9

Truck and rail 100.0 -------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ – 95.2 – 98.7 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 17.7 -------------- .4 37.5 .8 30.3 .6 33.2

STCC 36, ELECTRICAL

MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, OR

SUPPLIES

Total 9.0 -------------------------- – 8.5 – 9.2 – 9.7

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 11.0 ---- 2.3 23.2 1.0 19.3 1.0 8.4 Private truck 12.9 --------------------------- 1.9 16.0 3.9 23.0 2.1 8.4 For-hire truck 17.8 -------------------------- 4.1 10.7 3.9 9.1 2.6 6.9 Air (S) ------------------------------------ – 59.4 – 60.5 – (S)

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) 47.2 .4 36.5 .6 24.6

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- – 99.5 – 85.2 – (S)

Truck and air 22.9 --------------------------- .7 16.7 .1 19.3 .2 5.0

Truck and rail (S) -------------------------- – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and water (S) ------------------------ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 18.4 -------------- .5 30.9 .3 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 37, TRANSPORTATION

EQUIPMENT

Total 24.7 -------------------------- – 17.8 – 16.0 – 14.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 31.0 ---- .8 (S) (S) 28.9 .3 14.6 Private truck 24.4 --------------------------- 3.8 12.7 3.4 18.9 3.1 26.6 For-hire truck 24.7 -------------------------- 3.2 17.6 3.5 22.8 3.7 9.6 Air 62.3 ------------------------------------ – 62.8 – 62.2 – (S)

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) 49.5 6.0 30.5 5.4 34.6

Inland water (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 46.7 7.4 26.2

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck (S) ----------- (S) (S) (S) 48.0 .1 (S) Truck and air 27.9 --------------------------- .5 35.8 – 41.7 .1 9.7 Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 20.1 -------------- 2.8 22.1 2.7 26.7 2.0 (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–19
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 10

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 38, INSTRUMENTS,

PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS,

OPTICAL GOODS, WATCHES,

OR CLOCKS

Total 13.2 -------------------------- – 26.8 – 15.2 – 11.1

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 12.2 ---- 4.3 14.9 2.5 19.5 2.7 11.4 Private truck 40.1 --------------------------- 5.8 45.9 8.6 37.2 3.2 15.9 For-hire truck 11.9 -------------------------- 3.0 22.4 7.1 11.4 3.5 10.0 Air (S) ------------------------------------ (S) 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– – Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air 31.6 --------------------------- 2.0 47.1 1.4 48.0 3.1 10.5

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 19.5 -------------- .2 44.8 .6 (S) (S) (S)

STCC 39, MISCELLANEOUS

PRODUCTS OF

MANUFACTURING

Total 22.5 -------------------------- – 21.4 – 30.8 – 27.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) 21.2 .8 13.9 .9 31.5 Private truck 10.7 --------------------------- 3.3 13.5 4.9 21.1 2.4 10.5 For-hire truck 19.9 -------------------------- 5.6 27.0 5.6 33.9 3.0 9.9 Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– – Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .4 (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– – Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– – Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) – 39.2 .1 29.7

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water 100.0 ------------------------ – 100.0 – 100.0 – (S)

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) 23.8 .6 35.5 .4 20.9

STCC 40, WASTE OR SCRAP

MATERIALS

Total 19.4 -------------------------- – 13.9 – 25.1 – 23.0

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 65.8 ---- – 63.4 – 86.8 – (S)

Private truck 27.9 --------------------------- 6.4 20.0 5.5 27.9 3.8 17.5

For-hire truck 19.7 -------------------------- 6.1 18.6 5.6 39.6 7.9 18.5

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail 49.0 ----------------------------------- 5.6 27.5 4.0 33.0 4.7 35.9

Inland water (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail 100.0 -------------------------- – (S) – 100.0 – (S) Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) .1 (S)

B–20nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 11

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

STCC 41, MISCELLANEOUS

FREIGHT SHIPMENTS

Total (S) -------------------------- (S) 36.3 – 28.1 – 13.4

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) 29.0 7.9 33.1 8.1 12.2

Private truck 37.8 --------------------------- 2.1 43.8 7.7 45.5 6.1 26.6

For-hire truck 25.8 -------------------------- 13.3 44.9 9.5 36.7 9.8 37.3

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) 75.6 (S) 91.5 1.6 (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

STCC 42, CONTAINERS,

CARRIERS OR DEVICES,

SHIPPING, RETURNED EMPTY

Total 33.3 -------------------------- – 32.1 – 33.5 – 34.5

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 100.0 ---- .1 100.0 (S) 100.0 – (S)

Private truck 42.4 --------------------------- 11.9 41.7 11.0 42.4 11.0 22.7

For-hire truck 37.4 -------------------------- 12.3 31.7 12.4 33.4 12.4 23.0

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) 100.0 (S) 100.0 (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– – Truck and air – --------------------------- ––––– – Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– – Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes – -------------- ––––– –

STCC 48, WASTE HAZARDOUS

MATERIALS OR WASTE

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

Total (S) -------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier 100.0 ---- (S) 100.0 8.6 100.0 10.3 (S)

Private truck 93.1 --------------------------- (S) 91.8 9.9 98.4 3.7 (S)

For-hire truck (D) -------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (D) ----------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air 100.0 --------------------------- 1.4 100.0 .8 100.0 6.9 (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– – Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– – Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– – Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes 100.0 -------------- (S) (S) (S) 100.0 (S) (S)

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–21
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:49 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_6_42 PAGE: 12

TSF:TIPS92-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 UTF:TIPS93-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:06 META:TIPS96-17240324.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:24:37

Table B–6. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Commodity and Mode of

Transportation for State of Origin: 1993mCon.

STCC code, description, and mode of

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Average miles per

shipmentm

coefficient of

variation

COMMODITY UNKNOWN

Total 41.5 -------------------------- – 30.5 – 21.9 – 19.7

Single Modes

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier (S) ---- (S) 34.2 1.7 (S) (S) (S)

Private truck 40.8 --------------------------- 9.7 36.5 10.3 35.6 8.0 21.8

For-hire truck (S) -------------------------- (S) 17.9 7.6 20.2 7.1 12.4

Air – ------------------------------------ ––––– –

Rail (S) ----------------------------------- (S) 100.0 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Inland water – --------------------------- ––––– –

Great Lakes – --------------------------- ––––– –

Deep sea water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Pipeline – ------------------------------- ––––– –

Multiple Modes

Private truck and for-hire truck – ----------- ––––– –

Truck and air (S) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and rail – -------------------------- ––––– –

Truck and water – ------------------------ ––––– –

Truck and pipeline – ---------------------- ––––– –

Rail and water – ------------------------- ––––– –

Inland water and Great Lakes – ------------ ––––– –

Inland water and deep sea – -------------- ––––– –

Other Modes

Other and unknown modes (S) -------------- (S) 40.4 .7 (S) (S) (S)

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure

B–22nn Pennsylvania APPENDIX B TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TIPS UPF [DMD_PSYS,R_HEMMIG] 3/ 20/ 96 17:29:25 DPVX01 TLP:BTI.TCV;1 11/ 29/ 95 10:29:21 DATA:TIPS.INP;161 3/ 20/ 96 07:58:38 UPF:GPO_TCV_7_42 PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-17290214.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:29:04 UTF:TIPS93-17290214.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:29:04 META:TIPS96-17290214.DAT;1 3/ 20/ 96 17:29:21

Table B–7. Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by State of Destination for

State of Origin: 1993

State of Destination

Value Tons Ton-miles

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error of

percentage

Total 3.1 ---------------------------------------------- – 5.1 – 7.8 –

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut ------------------------------------------------ 7.6 .1 6.8 – 9.5 .1 Maine ----------------------------------------------------- 14.0 .1 13.6 – 14.0 .1 Massachusetts 6.9 --------------------------------------------- .1 14.6 .1 23.3 .4 New Hampshire 18.5 -------------------------------------------- .1 34.4 .3 36.7 1.2 Rhode Island 13.7 ----------------------------------------------- – 7.5 – 6.9 – Vermont --------------------------------------------------- 13.0 – 14.4 – 16.4 –

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey ------------------------------------------------ 7.2 .4 8.0 .4 9.0 .2 New York-------------------------------------------------- 8.9 .6 7.8 .3 16.3 1.0 Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------- 3.6 1.2 4.6 1.8 10.2 1.1

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois ----------------------------------------------------- 6.9 .2 13.2 .1 13.9 .3 Indiana ---------------------------------------------------- 4.5 .1 32.8 .3 33.0 1.1 Michigan--------------------------------------------------- 5.3 .1 28.9 .4 26.5 .7 Ohio ------------------------------------------------------ 3.7 .2 22.1 .7 24.1 1.0 Wisconsin ------------------------------------------------- 9.2 .1 33.7 .2 35.7 .7

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa ------------------------------------------------------ 16.8 .1 27.8 – 30.3 .1 Kansas ---------------------------------------------------- 28.5 .1 13.2 – 12.2 .1 Minnesota ------------------------------------------------- 10.3 .1 27.2 – 26.1 .3 Missouri --------------------------------------------------- 9.9 .1 11.8 – 12.7 .1 Nebraska -------------------------------------------------- 15.2 – 17.9 – 18.5 – North Dakota 15.5 ---------------------------------------------- – 27.5 – 27.3 – South Dakota 16.6 ---------------------------------------------- – (S) – (S) .1

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware -------------------------------------------------- 20.6 .3 32.1 .8 21.8 .2 District of Columbia 30.1 ----------------------------------------- .1 27.1 – 27.3 – Florida ---------------------------------------------------- 8.4 .2 7.1 – 7.7 .2 Georgia --------------------------------------------------- 12.8 .2 14.6 .1 14.1 .3 Maryland -------------------------------------------------- 7.9 .3 28.1 1.6 41.4 3.5

North Carolina 4.8 --------------------------------------------- .1 5.4 – 6.1 .2 South Carolina 27.4 --------------------------------------------- .3 9.0 – 9.3 .1 Virginia ---------------------------------------------------- 7.8 .2 6.2 .1 5.5 .2 West Virginia 19.5 ----------------------------------------------- .2 26.8 .4 34.9 .4

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama--------------------------------------------------- 5.2 – 33.7 .1 47.9 .8

Kentucky -------------------------------------------------- 12.1 .1 (S) (S) (S) (S)

Mississippi ------------------------------------------------- 14.4 – 12.1 – 12.1 .1

Tennessee------------------------------------------------- 8.9 .1 27.7 .2 31.4 1.1

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas -------------------------------------------------- 15.7 .1 20.8 – 25.1 .2

Louisiana -------------------------------------------------- 8.8 – 43.1 .1 45.4 .7

Oklahoma ------------------------------------------------- 12.1 – 16.1 – 16.8 .1

Texas ----------------------------------------------------- 6.7 .2 12.8 .1 12.7 .5

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona---------------------------------------------------- 15.0 – 13.7 – 13.9 .1

Colorado -------------------------------------------------- 17.0 .1 11.9 – 11.7 .1

Idaho ----------------------------------------------------- 37.0 – 48.7 – 48.3 –

Montana--------------------------------------------------- 28.6 – 16.2 – 16.4 –

Nevada---------------------------------------------------- 19.7 – 29.1 – 29.1 .1

New Mexico ----------------------------------------------- 10.1 – 29.0 – 30.0 –

Utah ------------------------------------------------------ 13.5 – (S) (S) (S) (S)

Wyoming -------------------------------------------------- 35.7 – 31.2 – 31.1 –

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska ---------------------------------------------------- 20.2 – 21.2 – 25.2 –

California -------------------------------------------------- 9.5 .2 8.5 – 9.1 .6

Hawaii----------------------------------------------------- 13.5 – 25.5 – 26.5 –

Oregon ---------------------------------------------------- 34.1 .1 35.5 – 36.4 .3

Washington ------------------------------------------------ 34.4 .3 24.8 – 24.9 .5

Note: For description of the development and uses of measures of reliability, see Appendix B, Reliability of the Data.

(S) Data do not meet publication standards due to high sampling variability or other reasons.

(D) Denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

– Represents data cell equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure

TRANSPORTATIONmCOMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Pennsylvania APPENDIX BnnB–23
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 10 OUTPUT: Thu Feb 29 13:59:48 1996 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ tc92cf/ 0/ 14apdxc

Appendix C.

Sample Design, Survey Methodology, and Estimation

SAMPLE DESIGN

The sample for the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is a

stratified three-stage probability design where the firststage sample units are establishments, the second-stage

units are 2-week periods of 1993, and the third-stage units

are shipments. In a probability sample, (1) there are

distinct samples that can be selected, (2) each sample has

a known probability of selection, and (3) one of the distinct

samples is chosen.

In the first stage, approximately 200,000 domestic establishments were selected from a universe of 800,000 establishments engaged in mining, manufacturing, wholesale,

and selected retail and service activities, as well as

auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses) of multiestablishment companies. Establishments classified in farming, forestry, fishing, oil and gas extraction, government, construction, or

transportation, and most establishments in retail and services are not covered by the CFS.

Establishments were selected from the 1992 Standard

Statistical Establishment List (SSEL) of business establishments with paid employees. The SSEL, maintained by the

Bureau of the Census, is a central multipurpose computerized name and address file of all known multiestablishment firms, and single-establishment employer firms. Establishments having 1991 payroll and classified in the kinds of

business of interest to the survey were eligible for selection.

The establishments in the survey universe were stratified by Standard Industrial Classification1 (SIC), National

Transportation Analysis Region (NTAR), and Type of Operation Code (TOC). (The Department of Transportation (DOT)

developed the NTAR’s to create geographic regions that

could be used in conjunction with other DOT data to

measure and analyze nationwide patterns of transportation

demands and activities.) Within each stratum (1) the

establishments were divided into certainty and noncertainty establishments based on employment size, (2) certainties (typically large firms) were automatically selected,

and (3) a sample of noncertainty establishments was

selected with probability proportional to estimated size,

where the measure of size was based on annual payroll.

The manner in which the sample was selected ensured

that, if an establishment was twice as large as another

establishment, it would typically have twice the chance of

being selected. The final sample contained 106,362 certainty establishments and 90,814 noncertainty establishments.

In the second stage, establishments selected for the

CFS were asked to report for a predetermined 2-week

period in each of the four quarters of calendar year 1993.

Entire 2-week periods were used to reduce the effect of

any daily or weekly bias. Each week of the quarter began

a different 2-week reporting period, resulting in 13 possible

reporting periods originating in the first quarter. Each

sampled establishment was randomly assigned one of

these thirteen 2-week reporting periods in the first quarter.

To avoid potential quarterly cycles, reporting periods in

subsequent quarters were assigned so that an establishment did not report at the same time each quarter. In all,

responses were obtained for 8 out of 52 weeks during

1993.

In the third stage of sampling, for each of the 2-week

periods determined in the second stage, a reporting establishment selected a systematic sample of its shipments

from its files. The questionnaire provided sampling instructions that typically resulted in a sample of between 20 and

50 shipments being selected each quarter.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

The 1993 CommodityFlowSurvey(CFS)is an establishmentbased shipper survey that used mailout/ mailback data

collection. Respondents were asked to select a sample of

their outbound shipments and to report, for each sampled

shipment, the major commodity, weight, value, transportation mode(s), origin, destination, and indicators of whether

the shipment was an export, hazardous material, or containerized. For exports we also collected the mode of

export and city and country of destination. For multicommodity shipments, the respondents were instructed to

report the commodity that made up the greatest percentage of the shipment’s weight.

Two report forms were used for the survey—the

CFS-1000 (the primary questionnaire) and the CFS-2000,

which was sent in the fourth quarter to a subsample of

establishments. The CFS-2000 contained additional questions about the establishment’s transportation equipment

and access to shipping facilities. See appendix E for

sample questionnaires.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

D.C 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX C C–1
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 2 SESS: 9 OUTPUT: Thu Feb 29 13:59:48 1996 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ tc92cf/ 0/ 14apdxc

ESTIMATION

Estimates in this survey are derived from weighted

shipment data and are then adjusted using several factors

to account for nonresponse, undercoverage, and response

errors. Selected establishments reported for a sample of

their shipments. We weighted these shipments to represent the establishment’s shipments for the year. Each

establishment’s data were then weighted by the inverse of

the establishment’s probability of being selected into the

sample, which allows data from selected establishments to

represent nonselected establishments. We also used results

from the economic census of Mineral Industries, Manufactures, Wholesale, Retail, and Service to construct adjustment factors at the establishment level and at the SIC

level. We adjusted individual establishments to the Census

to correct for sampling error and nonsampling error in the

selection of shipments within the establishment. We performed the SIC-level adjustment to correct for sampling

error in the selection of establishments and to account for

undercoverage and establishment nonresponse.

C–2 APPENDIX C TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 14 OUTPUT: Thu Feb 29 13:59:56 1996 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ tc92cf/ 0/ 14apdxd

Appendix D.

Standard Transportation Commodity Classification Code

Information

The commodities shown in this report are classified in

accordance with the Standard Transportation Commodity

Classification (STCC) system, published by the Association of American Railroads.1

We provided respondents with a listing of STCC codes

and descriptions at the five-digit level to use in assigning a

commodity code for each shipment. For shipments of

more than one commodity, we instructed respondents to

use the five-digit code for the major commodity, defined as

the commodity of greatest total weight in the shipment.

For this report, we aggregated the STCC codes to the

two-digit level.

The following provides a description of each STCC code

presented in this report.

STCC

code Commodity description STCCcode Commodity description

01 Farm products 30 Rubber or miscellaneous plastics products

08 Forest products 31 Leather or leather products

09 Fresh fish 32 Clay, concrete, glass, or stone products

33 Primary metal products

10 Metallic ores 34 Fabricated metal products

11 Coal 35 Machinery, excluding electrical

13 Crude petroleum, natural gas or gasoline 36 Electrical machinery, equipment, or supplies

14 Nonmetallic ores, minerals, excluding fuels 37 Transportation equipment

19 Ordnance or accessories 38 Instruments, photographic goods, optical

goods, watches, or clocks

20 Food and kindred products 39 Miscellaneous products of manufacturing

21 Tobacco products, excluding insecticides

22 Textile mill products 40 Waste or scrap materials not identified by

23 Apparel or other finished textile products or producing industry

knit apparel 41 Miscellaneous freight shipments

24 Lumber or wood products, excluding furniture 42 Containers, carriers or devices, shipping,

25 Furniture or fixtures returned empty

26 Pulp, paper, or allied products 48 Waste hazardous materials or waste

27 Printed matter hazardous substances

28 Chemicals or allied products

29 Petroleum or coal products -- Commodity unknown

1

For additional information on the STCC system, contact: STCC

Technical Committee, c/ o Committee Secretary, Association of American

Railroads, 50 F Street, NW, Room 5603, Washington, DC 20001-1564.

Telephone number 202-639-2332; fax number 202-639-2312.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX D D–1
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 13 OUTPUT: Thu Feb 29 14:00:04 1996 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ tc92cf/ 0/ 14apdxe

Appendix E.

Sample Report Forms and Instructions

The sample report forms and instructions are shown on the following pages.

Note: The CFS-2000 was sent to a subsample of establishments to obtain additional information

about the use of transportation equipment and facilities.

TRANSPORTATION—COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–1
E–2 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS FORM (9-2-92)CFS-1000 YOUR RESPONSE IS REQUIRED BY LAW. Title 13, United States Code, requires businesses and other organizations that receive this questionnaire to answer the questions and return the report to the Census Bureau. By the same law, YOUR CENSUS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL. It may be seen only by Census Bureau employees and may be used only for statistical purposes. Further, copies retained in respondents’ files are immune from legal process. Item A Is this establishment’s physical location the same as the address shown in the label? OMB No. 0607-0753: Approval Expires 12/31/94 CONTINUE ON PAGE 2 CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION FOR ASSISTANCE IN COMPLETING THIS FORM, CALL 1-800-528-3049(Please correct any error in name, address, and ZIP Code) BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 1201 East 10th Street Jeffersonville IN 47132-0001 ESTABLISHMENT NAMEPlease read the accompanying instructions before completing this questionnaire. The sampling instructions beginning on page 2 of the questionnaire describe how to take a sample of your outbound shipments covering the two-week period shown above. You should use your sales invoices, bills of lading, and any other file of shipping documents which represents your total outbound shipments (or deliveries). PHYSICAL LOCATION (PO boxes or rural routes are not physical locations.) 12 In operation Item C Item D ORIGIN OF SHIPMENTS During the two-week period, did any of your shipments (or deliveries) originate from locations other than this physical location? No — Skip to Item E on page 2. Enter an "A" as the origin code in column (k) of item F for all shipments. Yes — Enter the City, State, and ZIP Code of these other locations in rows B, C, and D. Origin code City State ZIP Code ABCD Location in mailing address or in Item C. Does your Census File Number (CFN) shown in the address box above, begin with a "0" (zero)? Yes — Include shipments from those other locations in your sampling, and use the appropriate origin code (A, B, C, or D) in column (k) of item F for all shipments selected. Now skip to Item E. No — Do any of these other locations keep their own records for these shipments? Yes — Omit shipments from these other locations that maintain their own records from your sampling. No — Include shipments from these other locations in your sample, and place the appropriate origin code (A, B, C, or D) in column (k) of item F for all shipments selected. 1 2 Yes No — Enter physical location below. Number and street City, town, village, etc. State ZIP Code Month/Day/Year 12 — 12 12 — RETURN TO Item F, Shipment Characteristics — Beginning on page 2, provide the information requested for each of your sampled shipments. If book figures are not available for weight, value, etc., please provide an estimate. Item B OPERATIONAL STATUS OF ESTABLISHMENT — Mark (X) the ONE box which best describes this establishment during the 2-week period shown above. Is the establishment name shown in the mailing address correct? 1 Yes 2 No — Enter correct name. INSTRUCTIONS 3 Ceased operation — Give date Temporarily or seasonally inactive 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Page 2 FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92)

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS

1. Enter your total number

of shipments for the 2-week

period.

If your total number of shipments is 40 or less,

provide data for every shipment during the 2-week

period in Item F. If the number of shipments is 41 or

more, continue with steps 4 and 5 to select the

shipments to report.

2. Find the range in column (1) at right that includes the

number entered in 1 above. Put an (X) in column (2)

beside it.

3.

Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description(Largest weight)

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

NOTE — Remove any voided invoices, credit

memoranda, etc. from the files, if possible, before

estimating the total number of shipments.

Item E SOURCE DOCUMENT

Please mark (X) the main document that you

will use to obtain the requested information.

1 Sales invoices

2 Bills of lading

CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE. —

Number of

shipments

Mark (X) one

(2)

"Take every" number

(3)

Expected

sample size

(1) (4)

0–40

41—100

101—200

201—400

401—800

801—1600

2

5

10

20

40

Call Census

1–800–528–3049

1–40

20—50

20—40

20—40

20—40

20—40

Select every shipment

1601 or

more

3 Other — Specify

Continued
E–4 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92) Page 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 4.

If 176 is entered in 1, mark (X) the third row of the

table. The "Take every" number is 5. Begin counting

with the first shipment in the file and select the 5th

5. Sample validation — After sample selection is done,

compare the number of selected shipments to the

expected sample size in column (4). If the number of

selected shipments is above or below the range,

recheck the sample selection.

EXAMPLE:

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS — Continued

Hazardous

material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

8 — Air 0 — Unknown

4. Note the "Take every" number in column (3) next to

the "X" you marked in column (2). Beginning with the

first shipment in the file for the period, count the

shipments until you reach the "Take every" number.

Select that shipment as the first one to report on in

item F.

Continuing with the next shipment, begin counting

from 1 until you reach the "Take every" number again.

Select that shipment. Continue this process until you

reach the end of the file.

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

7 — Pipeline 9 — Other mode

NOTE – If your sample of shipments includes any

voided invoices, credit memoranda, etc., write "VOID"

in column (b) for that shipment. Leave the rest of the

line blank.

shipment to report in Item F. Now beginning with the

6th shipment, count off 5 more, and select the 10th

shipment. Resume counting with the 11th and select

the 15th, 20th shipment, etc. until you reach the end of

the file. You will have selected 35 shipments to report

on in Item F.
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–5 Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description(Largest weight)

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

36

37

38

39

40

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Page 4 FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92)

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Continued
E–6 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

Line No.

FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92) Page 5

(p)

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 6.
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–7

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Page 6 FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92)

REMARKS Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description(Largest weight)

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Name of person to contact regarding this report – Please print Telephone number – Include area code

Item G CERTIFICATION

Continued

Signature Title

Date
E–8 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

FORM CFS-1000 (9-2-92) Page 7 Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING YOUR REPORT
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–9 Item D U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS FORM (7-7-93)CFS-2000 YOUR RESPONSE IS REQUIRED BY LAW. Title 13, United States Code, requires businesses and other organizations that receive this questionnaire to answer the questions and return the report to the Census Bureau. By the same law, YOUR CENSUS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL. It may be seen only by Census Bureau employees and may be used only for statistical purposes. Further, copies retained in respondents’ files are immune from legal process. Item A Is this establishment’s physical location the same as the address shown in the label? OMB No. 0607-0753: Approval Expires 12/31/94 CONTINUE ON PAGE 2 CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION FOR ASSISTANCE IN COMPLETING THIS FORM, CALL 1-800-528-3049(Please correct any error in name, address, and ZIP Code) BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 1201 East 10th Street Jeffersonville IN 47132-0001 ESTABLISHMENT NAME NOTE NEW ITEMS: G, H, I, and J on pages 6 – 8. PHYSICAL LOCATION (PO boxes or rural routes are not physical locations.)

1

2

In operation

Item C

ORIGIN OF SHIPMENTS

During the two-week period, did any of your shipments (or deliveries) originate from locations other than this physical location?

No — Skip to Item E on page 2. Enter an "A" as the origin

code in column (k) of item F for all shipments.

Yes — Enter the City, State, and ZIP Code of these other locations in rows B, C, and D.

Origin code City State ZIP Code

A

B

C

D

Location in mailing address or in Item C.

Does your Census File Number (CFN) shown in the address box above,

begin with a "0" (zero)?

Yes — Include shipments from those other locations in your sampling, and use the

appropriate origin code (A, B, C, or D) in column (k) of item F for

all shipments selected. Now skip to Item E.

No — Do any of these other locations keep their own records for these shipments?

Yes — Omit shipments from these other locations that maintain their

own records from your sampling.

No — Include shipments from these other locations in your sample,

and place the appropriate origin code (A, B, C, or D) in column (k)

of item F for all shipments selected.

1 2 Yes No — Enter physical location below.

Number and street

City, town, village, etc. State ZIP Code

Month/Day/Year

12

—

12

12

—

RETURN

TO

Item B OPERATIONAL STATUS OF ESTABLISHMENT — Mark (X) the ONE box 

which best describes this establishment during the 2-week period shown above.

Is the establishment name shown in the mailing address correct?1 Yes 2 No — Enter correct name.

INSTRUCTIONS

3 Ceased operation — Give date

Temporarily or

seasonally inactive

1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Please complete these items even if you have no shipments to report during

the two-week reporting period.
E–10 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Page 2 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93)

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS

1. Enter your total number

of shipments for the 2-week

period.

If your total number of shipments is 40 or less,

provide data for every shipment during the 2-week

period in Item F. If the number of shipments is 41 or

more, continue with steps 4 and 5 to select the

shipments to report.

2. Find the range in column (1) at right that includes the

number entered in 1 above. Put an (X) in column (2)

beside it.

3.

Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

NOTE — Remove any voided invoices, credit

memoranda, etc. from the files, if possible, before

estimating the total number of shipments.

Item E SOURCE DOCUMENT

Please mark (X) the main document that you

will use to obtain the requested information.

1 Sales invoices

2 Bills of lading

CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE. —

Number of

shipments

Mark (X) one

(2)

"Take every" number

(3)

Expected

sample size

(1) (4)

0–40

41—100

101—200

201—400

401—800

801—1600

2

5

10

20

40

Call Census

1–800–528–3049

1–40

20—50

20—40

20—40

20—40

20—40

Select every shipment

1601 or

more

3 Other — Specify

Continued
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–11

FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Page 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 4.

If 176 is entered in 1, mark (X) the third row of the

table. The "Take every" number is 5. Begin counting

with the first shipment in the file and select the 5th

5. Sample validation — After sample selection is done,

compare the number of selected shipments to the

expected sample size in column (4). If the number of

selected shipments is above or below the range,

recheck the sample selection.

EXAMPLE:

SAMPLE SELECTION INSTRUCTIONS — Continued

Hazardous

material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

8 — Air 0 — Unknown

4. Note the "Take every" number in column (3) next to

the "X" you marked in column (2). Beginning with the

first shipment in the file for the period, count the

shipments until you reach the "Take every" number.

Select that shipment as the first one to report on in

item F.

Continuing with the next shipment, begin counting

from 1 until you reach the "Take every" number again.

Select that shipment. Continue this process until you

reach the end of the file.

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

7 — Pipeline 9 — Other mode

NOTE – If your sample of shipments includes any

voided invoices, credit memoranda, etc., write "VOID"

in column (b) for that shipment. Leave the rest of the

line blank.

shipment to report in Item F. Now beginning with the

6th shipment, count off 5 more, and select the 10th

shipment. Resume counting with the 11th and select

the 15th, 20th shipment, etc. until you reach the end of

the file. You will have selected 35 shipments to report

on in Item F.
E–12 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

36

37

38

39

40

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Page 4 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93)

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Continued
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–13 Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

Line No.

FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Page 5

(p)

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 6.
E–14 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Page 6 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Line No.

Shipment

Number

Date

Total

Value

(Dollars) Weight

(Pounds) Code Description

Commodity

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

M D (e) (f) (g)

Mode of transport codes

for columns (i) and (n)

2 — Private truck

3 — For-hire truck 

Mil. Thou. Dol.

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS — Continued

1 — Parcel delivery, courier, or U.S.

Postal Service

4 — Railroad

Item G AVAILABILITY AND USE OF ON-SITE SHIPPING FACILITIES

Continued

In column (b), mark "Yes" or "No" for each type of shipping facility to indicate whether or not this type of facility

existed on-site during 1993. For each "Yes" in column (b), mark "Yes" or "No" in column (c) to indicate whether or

not you used the facility on your premises for outbound shipments during 1993.

Type of shipping facility

(a)

Was a shipping facility of this type

on your premises during 1993?

Did you use this facility on your

premises for outbound shipments

during 1993?

1. Rail siding

Waterway dock, Great Lakes

Waterway dock, inland water

Airport/landing strip capable of

handling your shipments

Pipeline terminal

Yes

No

(b) (c)

2.

3.

5.

6.

Yes

No

4. Waterway dock, deep sea water

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

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TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–15

FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93) Page 7 Hazardous material? (Y/N)

Domestic

mode(s) of

transport

Enter all that

apply using

codes shown

below.

Containerized?

(Y/N)

Origin code

(h) (i) (j) (k)

(l) (o)

Domestic destination

(or port/airport/border crossing

of exit for exports)

City State ZIP Code

Foreign destination

(for export shipments only)

City

Line No.

(p)

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Export? (Y/N)

(m)

Export mode

(n) Country

7 — Pipeline

8 — Air

5 — Inland water and/or Great Lakes

6 — Deep sea water

9 — Other mode

0 — Unknown

Item H USE OF OFF-SITE SHIPPING FACILITIES

In column (b), mark "Yes" or "No" for each type of shipping facility to indicate whether or not you used an off-site

facility of that type for outbound shipments during 1993. For those marked "Yes", enter the miles to that off-site

facility in column (c), and the mode of transport used to reach that facility in column (d). The modes are listed below.

Type of shipping facility

(a)

Did you use this type of off-site facility for outbound

shipments during 1993?

Distance to the off-site facility of this

type that you used most in 1993

1. Rail siding

Waterway dock, 

Great Lakes

Waterway dock, 

inland water

Airport/landing strip 

capable of handling 

your shipments

Pipeline terminal

Yes

No

(b) (c)

2.

3.

5.

6.

Waterway dock, 

deep sea water

4.

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

(Report in miles - estimates are

acceptable)

Mode of transport used 

to reach that facility

(d)

(Enter a code from the 

list below)

PLEASE CONTINUE ON PAGE 8.

1 – Trailer on Flat Car (TOFC)

2 – Private Truck

3 – For-Hire Truck

4 – Rail

7 – Air 

8 – Other

5 – Water

6 – Pipeline

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2
E–16 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY

Page 8 FORM CFS-2000 (7-7-93)

Item I USE AND AVAILABILITY OF TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

During 1993, did this location use any of the following types of equipment for outbound shipments? Please check yes or no. For each

equipment type in Item 1 below enter the approximate percentage of your total outbound rail shipments that used that type of rail

car. These percentages should add to 100%. If you had no rail shipments, leave the percentages blank.

Equipment

(a)

Was this type of equipment

used for outbound shipments

during 1993?

Percentage of total 

rail shipments

1. Rail cars that:

Your company owned/leased

Trucks with 6 or more tires or

truck-tractors that:

Aircraft that your company owned or leased

Barges that your company owned or leased

Yes

No

(b) (c)

a.

2.

4.

5.

3. Truck trailers that your company owned or leased

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

b. A common carrier owned/leased

c. Another party owned/leased (e.g. receiver)

a. Your company owned

b. Your company leased, with driver

c. Your company leased, without driver

6. Other equipment that your company owned or leased – Specify

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Item J

During 1993, who generally decided on the mode of transportation for your outbound shipments? Mark (X) appropriate box.

Your company Receiver of shipment Other

Remarks

Name of person to contact regarding this report – Please print

Signature

Telephone number – Include area code Date

Title

Item K CERTIFICATION

TRANSPORTATION DECISIONS

12 3

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

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TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–17
E–18 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY
TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY APPENDIX E E–19
E–20 APPENDIX E TRANSPORTATION–COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY