The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings 5

Table 3. 1998 State Employment of Computer Programmers

State Rankings by State Rankings by State Rankings by
Number Employed Annual Average Wages Intensity
Annual State
Size of Average Index
Rank| State Work Force} Rank‘ State Wages Rank| State Intensity | US=100
1_| California 75,560} 1 | New Jersey $61,530 1| Virginia 0.83% 180
2 | New York 45,500! 2 | California $60,720 2 | Maryland 0.72% 156
3 | Texas 38,520) 3 | Massachusetts $ 59,890 3 | New Jersey 0.72% 155
4 | Illinois 37,330) 4 | Connecticut $59,060 4 | Colorado 0.71%| 153
5 | Virginia 26,960 5 | New York $57,660 5 | Illinois 0.64%| 138
6 | New Jersey 26,770) 6 | Maryland $ 57,120 6 | District of Columbia 0.63% 137,
7 | Florida 24,780) 7 | Georgia $55,630 7 | Massachusetts 0.62%) 135,
8 | Ohio 21,820) 8 | New Hampshire $ 54,550 8 | Nebraska 0.59%) 127
9 | Massachusetts 19,490} 9 | Arizona $54,430 Q | New York 0.56%| 121
10 | Pennsylvania 19350] 10 | North Carolina $54,070 10 | California 0.55% 118
11 | Michigan 18,780) 11 | Colorado $53,970 11 | Washington 0.55% 118
12 | Georgia 17,240} 12 | Delaware $__ 53,680 12 | Connecticut 0.54%| u7
13 | Maryland 16,550} 13 | Texas $53,030 13 | Missouri 0.52% 11
14 | North Carolina 16,070} 14 | Washington $52,970 14 | Arizona 0.50% 108
15 | Colorado 14,300} 15 | Alaska $51,860 15 | Delaware 0.49%| 106
16 | Missouri 13,370] 16 | Michigan $51,740 16 | New Hampshire 0.49% 106
17 | Washington 12,990) 17 | Oregon $ 51,610 17 | Georgia 0.47% 101
18 | Minnesota 11,750) 18 | Pennsylvania $__51,380 18 | Minnesota 0.47%| 101
19 | Arizona 10,320} 19 | Tennessee $51,210 19 | Vermont 0.47%) 100
20 | Wisconsin, 10040} 20 | Illinois $51,010 20 | Texas 0.44% 94
21 | Connecticut 8,840} 21 | Rhode Island $50,140 21 | North Carolina 0.43%| 93
22 | Tennessee 8,680} 22 | District of Columbia $ 50,100 22 | Michigan 0.43%| 92
23 | Indiana 7,090) 23 | Missouri $49,920 23 | Rhode Island 0.43%| 92
24 | Alabama 5,550) 24 | Oklahoma $49,610 24 | Ohio 0.40% 87
25 | Oregon 5,450} 25 | Nevada $49,270 25 | Alaska 0.40% 86
26 | Oklahoma 5,160} 26 | Virginia $ 49,130 26 | Utah 0.40% 86
27 | Nebraska 4,940} 27 | Minnesota $48,840 27 | Wisconsin 0.38%| 82
28 | lowa 4,850} 28 | Ohio $48,420 28 | Florida 0.38%| 81
29 | South Carolina 4,690} 29 | Florida $__ 47,970 29 | Oklahoma 0.38%| 81
30 | Kansas 4,530) 30 | Utah $47,530 30 | Oregon 0.36% 78
31_| Louisiana 4,070} 31 | Kansas $47,300 31_| Pennsylvania 0.36% 77
32 | Utah 3,900} 32 | Wisconsin $47,130 32 | Kansas 0.35% 76
33 | Kentucky 3300} 33 | South Carolina $ 46,860 33 | lowa 0.35% 75
34 | New Hampshire 2,760} 34 | Vermont $46,200 34 | Tennessee 0.34%| 72
35 | District of Columbia 2,560] 35 | Alabama $46,180 35 | Alabama 0.30%) 65
36 | Mississippi 2,230) 36 | Idaho $46,180 36 | South Dakota 0.27% 59
37 | Puerto Rico 2160} 37 | Nebraska $__ 46,030 37 | South Carolina 0.27% EX)
38 | Nevada 1,980} 38 | New Mexico $45,030 38 | Indiana 0.25%| §3
39 | Arkansas. 1,860} 39 | Indiana $44,910 39 | Puerto Rico 0.24% 52
40 | Rhode Island 1,860 40 | Arkansas $__ 44,350 40 | Hawaii 0.23%| 50.
41 | Delaware 1,730 41 | Louisiana $43,730 41 | Louisiana 0.22%) 48
42 | New Mexico 1,330] 42 | Maine $ 43,590 42 | Wyoming 0.22% 47
43 | Vermont 1,240} 43 | lowa $__ 42,960 43 | Nevada 0.22%| 47
44 | Hawaii 1,120) 44 | Hawaii $42,710 44 | Mississippi 0.20%| 44
45 | Maine 1,060] 45 | Guam $ 41,610 45 | New Mexico 0,20%| 43
46 | Alaska 1,000} 46 | Kentucky $__ 41,220 46 | Guam 0.20%| 42
47 | West Virginia 970) 47 | Montana $39,740 47 | Montana 0.20%| 42
48 | Idaho 960) 48 | West Virginia $ 39,180 48 | Kentucky 0.20%| 42
49 | South Dakota 920} 49 | Mississippi $__ 39,040 49 | Maine 0.19% 41
50 | Montana 700} 50 | North Dakota $39,040 50 | idaho 0.19% 40
51 | North Dakota $50} 51 | South Dakota $__ 37,330 51 | North Dakota 0.19% 40
52 | Wyoming 470) 52 | Wyoming $ 34,670 52 | Arkansas 0.17% 37
53 | Guam 100] 53 | Puerto Rico $_ 29,120 53 | West Virginia 0.15%| 32
54 | Virgin Islands (*)| 54 | Virgin Islands (*) 54 | Virgin islands (*)) (*)|

‘SOURCE: Office of Technology Policy, U.S. Department of Commerce
(") data not available


10 The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings

Table 8. State Ordinal Rankings of Core IT Work Force Occupations

All Core Computer Computer Systems Analysts
IT Occupations Engineers Programmers y vs
Size of Size of | Annual Size of | Annual Size of | Annual
Work Intensity Work | Average | Intensity Work | Average | Intensity, Work | Average | Intensity’
Force Force | Wages Force | Wages Force | Wages

25) 37) Alabama 23 24 25 24 36 35 23 32 28

50 35] Alaska 49 19 45 46 15 25 12 33

19) 16) Arizona 19 6 17 19 9 14 231 17]

38 48 Arkansas 39 50 42 39 40 52 49 47

1 9 California 1 5 5 1 2 10 8

14 1 Colorado 8 4 2 15 1 4 2

21 7| Connecticut 18 8 8 21 4 12 5

36 6 Delaware 41 9 35 4 12 15 14

34 11] District of Columbia 29 2 6 35] 22 6 52

6 27 Florida 10 14 24 7 29 28 27

an 12 Georgia 13 23 16 12 z 17 1

53} 49 Guam 53 53 53 53 45 46 47

45) 42) Hawaii 42 29 40 44 44 40 39

4 36] Idaho 32 37 19 48 36 50 37

4 10] Minois 5 40 12 4 20 5 17

22 40 Indiana 20 4 30 23 39 38 25

29) 32| lowa 26 42 26 28 43 33 aif

30 34| Kansas 34 44 36 30 31 32 20

28) a Kentucky 28 47 32 33 46 48 33

33 46 Louisiana 38 48 47 31 41 4 44

44 43 Maine 43 34 44 45 42 49 19

13 4 Maryland 12 18 4 13 6 2 9

8 3] Massachusetts 3 1 1 9 3 7h 7

12 23} Michigan 14 27 22 1 16 22 36

16 8] Minnesota 16 20 10 18 27 18 6

39 52 Mississippi 37 45 39 36 49 44 45

18 24 Missouri 22 31 31 16 23 13 10°

51 45 Montana 50 28 48 50 47 47 46

31 13) Nebraska 30 32 27 27 37 8 la es

40) 47 Nevada 45 16 49 38 25 43 29

35) 26] New Hampshire 52 52 52 34 8 16 “416

7 5 New Jersey 7 10 7 6 1 3 1

37 38 New Mexico 33 25 28 42 38 45 26

3 15) New York 6 12 23 2 5 9 4

15} 21 North Carolina "1 15 14 14 10 21 “21

46 25] North Dakota 46 13 38 51 50 51 50

10 28} Ohio 15 35 29 8 28 24 3

27 31 Oklahoma 31 43 34 26 24 29 30

24 18 Oregon 21 3 15 25 17, 30 13

9 22) Pennsylvania 9 17 18 10 18 31 22

42) 50} Puerto Rico 48 51 50 37 53 39 51

43 30} Rhode Island 35 7 20 40 21 23 18

32) 44) South Carolina 36 38 43 . 29 33 37 42

49 33} South Dakota 47 49 4 49 51 36 24

23) 39 Tennessee 27 39 37 22 19 34 43

2 17 Texas 2 21 13 3 13 20 18

26) 14 Utah 24 26 11 32 30 26 38

47 20 Vermont 40 33 21 43 34 19 28

54 54 Virgin Islands 54 54 54 54 54 54 54

5 2 Virginia 4 22 3 5 26 1 3 1

17| 19 Washington Wh. 1 9 17 14 "1 53 53

48 51 West Virginia 44 36 46 47 48 53 40 42

20) 29) Wisconsin 25 30 33 20 32 27 34 20

52 EX) Wyoming 51 46 51 52 52 42 48 51

SOURCE: Office of Technology Policy, U.S. Department of Commerce


The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings 7

Table 5. 1998 State Employment of All Other Computer Scientists

Ranking by Ranking by Ranking by
Number Employed Annual Average Wages Intensity

Annual State

Number Average Index

Rank State Employed Rank State Wages Rank State Intensity | US=100
1 | California 15,740} 1 | Maryland $60,930 1 | Colorado 0.21%| 270
2 | New York 6,710} 2 | Delaware $58,700 2 | Minnesota. 0.17% 210
3 | Illinois 6,420) 3 | Pennsylvania $57,300 3 | Delaware 0.16% 198
4 | Florida 5,740) 4 | New Jersey $57,210 4 | Maryland 0.15% 192
5 | Texas 4,910} 5 | Connecticut $ 55,990 5 | Oregon 0.15% 184
6 | Georgia 4,320) 6 | Colorado $ 55,600 6 | District of Columbia 0.12% 150
7 | Colorado 4,300) 7 | California $54,590 7 | Georgia 0.12% 149
8 | Minnesota 4,160} 8 | Virginia $54,010 8 | California 0.11% 144
9 | Maryland 3,480) 9 | New York $53,620 9 | Illinois 0.11% 139
10 | Pennsylvania 3,350} 10 | District of Columbia $ 52,800 10 | Massachusetts 0.10% 132
11 _| Massachusetts 3,270) 11_| Alaska. $51,530 11_| Idaho 0.10% 131
12 | Virginia 3,030) 12 | Massachusetts $51,110 12 | Utah 0.10% 123
13 | New Jersey 2,990) 13 | North Carolina $ 50,590 13 | New Hampshire 0.10% 121
14 | Michigan 2,960] 14 | Hawaii $50,530 14 | Virginia 0.09% 118
15 | Ohio 2,960) 15 | Minnesota $ 50,500 15 | Washington 0.09% 113
16 | Oregon 2,210) 16 | Washington $49,250 16 | Florida 0.09% 110
17 | Washington 2,130) 17 | Florida $48,870 17 | New York 0.08% 105
18 | North Carolina 1,880} 18 | Alabama $47,910 18 | New Jersey 0.08%) 101
19 | Missouri 1,760} 19 | South Carolina $47,710 19 | Connecticut 0.08% 99
20 | Arizona 1,420) 20 | Ohio $47,600 20 | Oklahoma. 0.08%| 95
21 | Tennessee 1,390} 21 | Utah $ 47,450 21 | New Mexico 0.07%| 89
22 | Connecticut 1,280} 22 | Oregon $47,340 22 | Arizona 0.07% 87
23 | Indiana 1,220} 23 | Mississippi $47,030 23 | Missouri 0.07%| 86
24 | Wisconsin 1,200} 24 | Missouri $46,990 24 | Michigan 0.07%| 85
25 | Oklahoma 1,030 25 | Texas $46,730 25 | Pennsylvania 0.06%} 78
26 | Utah 950 26 | Kansas $46,490 26 | lowa 0.06% 76
27 | lowa 840 27 | Arizona $46,170 27 | Texas 0.06% 70
28 | Alabama 670 28 | Illinois $46,030 28 | Ohio 0.05% 69
29 | Kentucky 560 29 | West Virginia $45,990 29 | Tennessee 0.05% 68
30 | Delaware: 550 30 | Nebraska $45,710 30 | North Carolina 0.05% 64
31_| New Hampshire 540} 31_| Vermont $44,610 31_| Nebraska 0.05% 63
32 | Idaho 530) 32 | Michigan $ 44,090 32 | Wisconsin 0.05%| 58
33 | District of Columbia 480} 33 | lowa $43,470 33 | Indiana 0.04% 54
34 | Kansas 480} 34 | Oklahoma, $43,270 34 | Kansas 0.04% 47
35 | New Mexico 470} 35 | Louisiana $43,020 35 | Alabama 0.04% 46
36 | Nebraska 420) 36 | Indiana $42,950 36 | Maine 0.03% 43
37 | Louisiana 410) 37 | New Mexico $42,760 37 | Kentucky 0.03%| 42
38 | South Carolina 350) 38 | Georgia $42,340 38 | Alaska 0.03%) 40
39 | Arkansas 230) 39 | Maine $41,920 39 | Hawaii 0.03% 37
40 | Maine 190] 40 | New Hampshire $41,910 40 | Wyoming 0.03%) 35
41 | Mississippi 180 41 | Nevada $41,720 41 | West Virginia 0.03% 34
42 | West Virginia 180 42 | Wisconsin $41,140 42 | Louisiana 0.02%! 28
43 | Nevada 160 43 | Tennessee $40,960 43 | Arkansas 0.02%) 27
44 | Hawaii 140} 44 | Idaho $39,710 44 | South Carolina 0.02% 26
45 | Puerto Rico 90} 45 | Kentucky $38,940 45 | Nevada 0.02% 22
46 | Alaska 80} 46 | Arkansas $ 33,450 46 | Mississippi 0.02% 21
47 | Wyoming 60} 47 | Montana $32,860 47 | Montana 0.01% 18
48 | Montana 50} 48 | Puerto Rico $31,020 48 | Vermont 0.01% 14
49 | Vermont 30 49 | Wyoming $29,700 49 | Puerto Rico 0.01% 13
50 [ North Dakota (a) 50 | North Dakota © 50 | North Dakota a) (a)
51 | Rhode Island ©) 51 | Rhode Island () 51 | Rhode Island @) a)
52 | South Dakota () 52 | South Dakota a) 52 | South Dakota () a)
53 | Guam () 53 | Guam a) 53 | Guam () )
54 | Virgin Islands @) 54 | Virgin Islands a) 54 | Virgin Islands @) @)

SOURCE: Office of Technology Policy, U.S. Department of Commerce

(*) data not available


6 The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings

Table 4. 1998 State Employment of Systems Analysts

Ranking by Ranking by Ranking by

Number Employed Annual Average Wages Intensity
Annual State
Number Average Index
Rank State Employed Rank State Wages Rank State Intensity | US=100
1 | California 59,720 1 | New Jersey 61,880 1 | Virginia 0.93% 218
2 | Texas 40,920] 2 | Colorado 60,750 2 | Maryland 0.82% 194
3 | New York 34,880) 3 | Virginia 59,350] 3 | Delaware 0.72% 170
4 [Illinois 31,670 4 | New York 58,990 4 | New Jersey 0.70% 166
5 | Virginia 29,890) 5 | Connecticut 58,860] 5 | Minnesota 0.64% 150
6 | New Jersey 26,110) 6 | Minnesota 57,860 6 | Connecticut 0.63%| 149
7 | Florida 25,320 7 | Massachusetts 57,020 7 | Colorado 0.59% 139
8 | Pennsylvania 21,980) 8 | California 56,280 8 | Massachusetts 0.57%| 134
9 | Michigan 21,010 9 | Maryland 55,950 9 [Illinois 0.54%| 128
10 | Ohio 18,890} 10 | Missouri 55,400] 10 | Georgia 0.49% 116
11 | Maryland 18,820) 11 | Georgia 54,100 11 | Nebraska 0.48%| 114
12 | Georgia 18,110} 12 | Alaska 53,950] 12 | Michigan 0.48%| 113
13 | Massachusetts 17,730} 13 | Oregon 53,950 13 | Texas 0.46%| 109
14 | Minnesota 15,870} 14 | Delaware 53,720] 14 | California 0.43%| 102
15 | North Carolina 13,340} 15 | Rhode Island 53,260 15 | New York 0.43% 102
16 [ Colorado 11,880) 16 [| New Hampshire 52,640] 16 | New Hampshire 0.42%| 98
17 | Connecticut 10,280} 17 | ilinois 52,450 17 | Arizona 0.41%| 98
18 [ Wisconsin 9610 18 | Texas 51,710 18 | Pennsylvania 0.41% 96
19 [ Missouri 9,140 19 | Maine 51,570 19 | Florida 0.38% ot
20 | Arizona 8,500) 20 | Kansas 51,540 20 | Wisconsin 0.37% 86
21 | Indiana’ 8,460 21 | North Carolina 51,450 21 | North Carolina 0.36% 85
22 | Tennessee 7,660) 22 | Pennsylvania 51,420 22 | Missouri 0.35%) 83
23 | Alabama 5,890 23 | Arizona 51,370 23 | Ohio 0.35%! 82
24 | Kentucky 5,680) 24 | South Dakota 50,870 24 | New Mexico 0.34%] 80
25 | Oregon 4,790 25 | Indiana 50,830 25 | Kentucky 0.34% 79
26 | South Carolina 4,690) 26 | New Mexico 50,580) 26 | Hawaii 0.34%| 79
27 | Oklahoma 4,090 27 | Florida 50,440 27 | Utah 0.33%| 79
28 | Nebraska 4,070) 28 | Vermont 50,230 28 | Alabama 0.32%| 76
29 | Louisiana 3,810 29 | Nevada 50,190 29 | Oregon 0.32%] 75
30 | Iowa 3,590 30 | Oklahoma. 50,100) 30 | Oklahoma 0.30%| 70
31 | Kansas 3,510 31 | Ohio 49,930) 31 | Tennessee 0.30% 70
32 | Utah 3,250 32 | Alabama 49,860 32 | Indiana 0.29% 69
33 | Delaware 2,530) 33 | Kentucky 49,720} 33 | Alaska 0.28%| 67
34 | New Hampshire 2,340 34 | Wisconsin 49550 34 | Vermont 0.27% 65
35 | New Mexico, 2,270 35 | Nebraska 48,940} 35 | Kansas 0.27% 65
36 | Arkansas 1,750) 36 | Michigan 48,750 36 | South Carolina 0.27% 64
37 | Mississippi 1,710) 37 | Idaho 48,590 37 | Rhode Island 0.27% 64
38 | Hawaii 1,620) 38 | Utah 48,250 38 | lowa 0.26% 60
39 | Puerto Rico 1470] 39 | Hawaii 47,880 39 | Guam 0.26% 60
40 | West Virginia 1,460) 40 | West Virginia 47,760| 40 | Maine 0.25% 59
41 | Maine 1,380] 41 [Towa 47,340 41 | Idaho 0.25% 59
42 | Idaho 1,270 42 | South Carolina 47,030 42 | West Virginia 0.22% 52
43 | Nevada 1,190] 43 | Tennessee 46,660 43 | Louisiana 0.21% 49
44 | Rhode Island 1,180) 44 | Louisiana 45,920 44 | South Dakota 0.20% 48
45 | Vermont 730] 45 | Mississippi 44,390 45 | Montana 0.20% 46
46 | Alaska 710} 46 | Montana 40,740] 46 | Puerto Rico 0.16%| 38
47 | Montana 700 47 | Guam 40730 47 | Arkansas 0.16% 38
48 | South Dakota’ 680 48 | Wyoming 40630) 48 | North Dakota 0.16% 37.
49 | North Dakota 470) 49 | Arkansas 39,360) 49 | Mississippi 0.16% 37
50 | Wyoming 210} 50 | North Dakota 35,750) 50 | Nevada 0.13% 31
51 | Guam’ 130 51 | Puerto Rico 34630 51 | Wyoming 0.10% 23
52 | District of Columbia O 52 | District of Columbia a) 52 | District of Columbia O O
53 | Washington a) 53 | Washington O 53 | Washington () @)
54 | Virgin Islands () 54 | Virgin Islands 0) 54 | Virgin Islands () ()

SOURCE: Office of Technology Policy, U.S. Department of Commerce

(") data not available



The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings

Table 7. 1998 State Employment of Computer Support Specialists

Ranking by Ranking by Ranking by
Number Employed Annual Average Wages Intensity

Annual State

Number Average Index
Rank State Employed Rank| State Wages Rank State intensity | US=100
1 | California 57,940 1_| New Jersey $47,100 1 | North Dakota 1.00% 272
2 | Texas 35,460} 2 | Connecticut $46,990 2 | Colorado 0.70% 189
3 | New York 30,290} 3 | New York $46,970 3 | Washington 0.68% 183
4 | Florida 21,380} 4 | California $46,830 4 | Delaware 0.65%| 176
§ | Illinois 19,300) 5 | Massachusetts $46,370 5 | District of Columbia 0.65% 176
6 | Pennsylvania 18,870) 6 | Delaware $44,250 6 | South Dakota 0.61% 165
7 | Massachusetts 18,430 7 | Minos $__ 43,420 7 | Massachusetts 0.59%| 160
8 | New Jersey 18,080) 8 | Alaska $ 42,330 8 | Vermont 0.55%! 149
9 | Washington 16,090) 9 | Maryland $41,560 9 | Utah 0.54% 147
10 | Ohio 15,960) 10 | Michigan $41,480 10 | Maryland 0.49% 134
11 | Virginia 15,170) 11 | District of Columbia $41,170 11 | Oregon 0.49%| 134
12 | Colorado 13,970} 12 | Texas $40,840 12 | New Jersey 0.49% 132
13 | Georgia 13,450} 13 | Hawaii $40,310 13 | Virginia 0.47% 127
14 | North Carolina 13,050} 14 | Minnesota $40,250 14 | Minnesota 0.42% 114
15 | Maryland 11,280} 15 | Rhode Island $40,230 15 | California 0.42%! 114
16 | Michigan 11,130} 16 | New Hampshire $ 39,830 16 | Nebraska 0.40%| 110
17 | Minnesota 10,500} 17 | North Carolina $__ 39,320 17 | Texas 0.40%! 109
18 | Missouri 8,600} 18 | Missouri $38,830 18 | Arizona 0.40% 108
19 | Wisconsin 8,230} 19 | Arizona $38,730 19 | Connecticut 0.39% 107
20 | Arizona 8,160} 20 | Pennsylvania $38,600 20 | New York 0.37%} 102
21 | Oregon 7,450} 21 | Kansas $ 38,430 21 | Georgia 0.37% 100
22 | Tennessee 6,660) 22 | Washington $ 37,920 22 | North Carolina 0.35% 96
23 | Connecticut 6,400] 23 | Virginia $__ 37,830 23 | Pennsylvania 0.35%} 95
24 | Indiana 6,150) 24 | Georgia $37,510 24 | New Hampshire 0.35% 94
25 | Utah 5,260) 25 | Ohio $__37,480 25 | Kansas 0.34% 93
26 | Kansas 4,390} 26 | Wisconsin $37,440 26 | Illinois 0.33% 90
27 | Kentucky 4,390] 27 | Colorado $37,350 27 | Missouri 0.33% 90
28 | Alabama 4,050) 28 | Florida $37,130 28 | Florida 0.32% 88
29 | lowa 4,030) 29 | Vermont $37,020 29 | Idaho 0.32%| 87
30 | Oklahoma 3,980} 30 _| Tennessee $36,940 30 | Wisconsin 0.31% 85
31_| Nebraska 3,390} 31 | Indiana $36,200 31 | Maine 0.30% 81
32 | South Carolina 3,280] 32 _| Nevada $35,870 32 | Ohio 0.29% 80
33 | North Dakota 2,960] 33 | Alabama $__ 35,670 33 | Alaska 0.29% 79
34 | Louisiana 2730) 34 | Oregon $35,490 34 | Oklahoma 0.29% 79
35 | District of Columbia 2,610) 35 | New Mexico $35,400 35 | lowa 0.29%| 78
36 | Delaware 2,280] 36 | lowa $__ 34,870 36 | Montana 0.27%| 74
37 | Nevada 2,250} 37 | Kentucky $ 34,810 37 | New Mexico 0.26% 71
38 | South Dakota 2,040} 38 | South Carolina $ 34,640 38 | Kentucky 0.26%} 71
39 | New Hampshire 1,950} 39 | Virgin Islands $33,860 39 | Tennessee 0.26%} 70
40 | New Mexico 1,740} 40 | Louisiana $__ 33,700 40 | Michigan 0.25%! 69
41 | Arkansas 1,700] 41 | Mississippi $ 33,050 41 | Rhode Island 0.25% 68
42 | Maine 1,660} 42 | Utah $32,870 42 | Nevada 0.25% 67
43 | Idaho. 1,630} 43 | Nebraska $_ 32,660 43 | Alabama 0.22%| 60
44 | Vermont 1,460} 44 | West Virginia $32,510 44 | Hawaii 0.22% 58
45 | Puerto Rico 1290} 45 | idaho $32,270 45 | Indiana 0.21% 58
46 | Mississippi 1,180} 46 | Arkansas $__ 31,850 46 | South Carolina 0.19%| 52
47 | Rhode Island 1100} 47 | Montana $31,180 47 | Guam 0.16%| 43
48 | Hawaii 1,040] 48 | Wyoming $31,170 48 | Arkansas 0.16% 42
49 | Montana 970) 49 | Maine $__ 30,570 49 | Virgin Islands 0.15%| 41
50 | West Virginia 920} 50 | Guam $__ 29,970 50 | Louisiana 0.15%) 4
51 | Alaska 730} 51 | Puerto Rico $29,350 51 | Wyoming 0.15% 39
52 | Wyoming 310} 52 | Oklahoma $27,920 52 | Puerto Rico 0.14% 39
53 | Guam 80] 53 | South Dakota $25,350 53 | West Virginia 0.14%| 38
54 | Virgin Islands 40) 54 | North Dakota $ 23,570 54 | Mississippi 0.11%) 29

SOURCE: Office of Technology Policy, U.S. Department of Commerce
(*) data not available



SeptemBer 2000

The Digital Work Force

STATE DATA & RANKINGS

Orrice or TECHNOLOGY PoLicy U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

California, Texas and New York lead Nation in number of core IT workers;
Colorado, Virginia and Massacusetts have highest proportion of IT workers

Information technology is reshaping the global economy—enhancing productivity, spurring economic growth and cre-
ating jobs. Two-thirds of recent productivity growth in the United States is attributed to information technology. Informa-
tion technology’s share of the U.S. economy nearly doubled between 1977 and 1998. The number of people working in core
IT occupations grew six times faster from 1983 to 1998 than the overall U.S. work force. And highly-skilled information
technology jobs are projected to be among the fastest growing of all occupations over the next decade.

These trends have significant implications for U.S. competitiveness, American companies and universities, and policy
makers at all levels of government. State and local government policies have played an important role in fostering the
development of the Nation’s technical work force and it is likely that states will play an increasingly important role in the
years ahead. In the New Economy, a state or region’s ability to attract capital and companies is integrally linked to the
quality of its work force. Thus, a state’s ability to grow, attract and retain these workers will have a significant impact on its
economic development and the standard of living and quality of life of its citizens.

To provide decision makers with timely and relevant information, the Office of Technology has conducted analysis,
held town meetings across the country, and produced several reports shedding light on the composition of the Nation’s
information technology work force, identifying the unique challenges the United States faces in meeting the high demand for
these workers, and developing policy responses to these challenges.

In this latest report, the Office of Technology Policy presents the findings of its analysis of the most recent state occu-
pational data (1998) from the Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics to provide a snapshot of the current compo-
sition of the Nation’s IT work force at the state level and to assess the relative position of the states’ core IT occupations.

Several indicators are used in this assessment including:

© Size of the Work Force—the number of workers employed in an occupation.

Average Annual Wages—the estimated mean hourly wage of an occupation multiplied by 2,080 hours.

© State Intensity—the share an occupation comprises of a states’ entire work force.

© State Index*—the ratio of the State Intensity to the U.S. Intensity for an occupation, where the U.S. score
would be 100. A state with an Index score of 200 would have an IT Intensity twice that of the nation as a
whole’ a state with an Index score of 50 would have an IT Intensity half that of the nation.

For the purpose of this analysis, the Office of Technology Policy defines the core information technology work force as
being comprised of six occupations: computer engineers, computer programmers, systems analysts, database administra-
tors, computer support specialists and all other com-
puter scientists.

Table 1. Total Core IT Employment...
This document includes seven tables with state | Table 2
rankings. Table 1 ranks the states based on the size
and intensity of their total core information technol-
ogy work. Tables 2 through 7 rank the states based | Table 4. Systems Analysts
on size, intensity and annual average wages foreach | Table 5. All Other Computer Scientists
of the core information technology occupations. | Table 6. Database Administrators .....
Table 8 provides a list of states with their ordinal
rankings in Tables 1 through 7.

. Compuer Engineers ..

Table 3. Computer Programmers

YAUAW

00

Table 7. Computer Support Specialists ....
Table 8. Ordinal Rankings (Summary Table)

STHEO! of Technology Policy extends its thanks to the Software and Information Industry Association for its development
and adi of the State Index applied in this analysis as a comparative tool.



Kelly H. Carnes, Esq.
Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy
(202) 482-1403

John Sargent
Senior Policy Analyst

(202) 482-6033

U.S. Department of Commerce
Office of Technology Policy
14th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20230
Phone: (202) 482-5687

For copies of OTP publications, please call: (202) 482-3037
Visit our website at www.ta.doc.gov/otp


The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings 11

Table 8. Ordinal Rankings (continued)

All Other Database Computer Support
Computer Scientists Administrators Specialists
Size of | Annual Size of | Annual Size of | Annual
Work | Average | Intensity Work | Average | intensity] Work | Average | intensity|
Force | Wages Force | Wages Force | Wages
Alabama 28 18 35 28 33 38 28 33 43
Alaska 46 11 38 47 8 34 51 8 33
Arizona 20 27 22 18. 5 14 20 19 18
Arkansas 39 46 43 25 18 19 41 46 48
California 1 7 8 1 3 8 41
Colorado 7 6 1 13 9 2 12
Connecticut 22 5 19 20; 4] 9 23
Delaware 30 2 3 41 12 15 36
District of Columbia 33 10 6 26 27 it 35
Florida 4 17 16 7 30 31 4
Georgia 6 338 7 10 46 13 13
Guam 53 83 53 53 53 53 53
Hawaii 44 14 39 38 13 26 48
Idaho 32]; 44] 11 45, 22] 43] | 43
Mlinois 3 28 9 4 oI 16 eae
Indiana 23 36 33 16 41 28 24
lowa 27 33 26 27 32 32 29
Kansas 34 26 34 24 40 ai 26
Kentucky 29 45) 37 33 26 at 27
Louisiana 37 35 42 34 43 47 34
Maine 40 39 36 44 49 39 421
Maryland 9 7 4 15 16 10 15
Massachusetts 1 12 10 "1 6 6 7
Michigan 14 32 24 14 29 35 16
Minnesota 8 15 2 21 7 30 7
Mississippi 41 23 46 37 50 45 46
Missouri 19 24 23 17 10 25 18
Montana 48 47 47 48 36 46 49
Nebraska 36 30 31 32 31 22 31
Nevada 43 ay 45 42 37 48 37
New Hampshire 31 40 13 39 15 33 39
New Jersey 13 4 18 9 2 5 8
New Mexico + 35 37 21 35 39 24 40
New York 2 9 17 3 1 12 3
North Carolina 18 13 30 12 24 23 14,
North Dakota 50 50 50 49 44 42 33
Ohio 15 20 28 5 28 7 10
Oklahoma 25 34 20 23 48 18 30
Oregon 16 22 5 29 20 37 2d
Pennsylvania 10 3 25 6 19 20 6
Puerto Rico 45 48 49 40 51 44 45
Rhode Island 51 51 51 36 7 4 47
South Carolina 38 19 44 30 42 40 32
South Dakota 52 52 52 50 45 50 38
Tennessee at 43 29 22 25 36 22
Texas 5 25 27 2 23 1 2
Utah 26 21 12 31 21| 27 25
Vermont 49 31 48 43 35 7 44
Virgin Islands 84 54 54 54 54 54 54
Virginia 12 8 14 8 14 3 11
Washington 17] 16) 48 ‘s2] 52] 52 9}
West Virginia 42 29 41 46 38 49 50
Wisconsin 24 42 32 19 34 29 19
Wyoming 47 49 40 51 47 51 52



8 The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings

Table 6. 1998 State Employment of Database Administrators

Ranking by Ranking by Ranking by
Number Employed Annual Average Wages Intensity
Annual
Number Average
Rank) State Employed Rank State Wages Rank State Intensity

1 | California 12,370} 1_| New York $56,110 1_| District of Columbia 0.19%

2 | Texas 7,270 2 | New Jersey $ 55,780 2 | Colorado 0.12%

3 | New York 6,570) 3 | California $55,100 3 | Virginia 0.411%

4 | Illinois 4,610) 4 | Connecticut $53,160 4 | Rhode Island 0.09%

5 | Ohio 4,230} 5 | Arizona $52,850 5 | New Jersey 0.09%|

6 | Pennsylvania 3,790) 6 | Massachusetts $52,420 6 | Massachusetts 0.09%

7 | Florida 3,720} 7 | Rhode Island $__ 52,290 7 | Vermont 0.09%

8 | Virginia 3,690) 8 | Alaska $52,260 8 | California 0.09%|

9 | New Jersey 3,480 9 | Colorado $52,180 9 | Connecticut 0.09%|
10 | Georgia 2,960) 10 | Missouri $52,100 10 | Maryland 0.09%|
11 | Massachusetts 2,890) 11 [Illinois $51,600 11 | Texas 0.08%|
12 | North Carolina 2,480 12 | Delaware $51,350 12 | New York 0.08%
13 | Colorado 2,360} 13 | Hawaii $ 51,340 13 | Georgia 0.08%
14 | Michigan 2,040} 14 | Virginia $51,250 14 | Arizona 0.08%|
15 | Maryland 2,010} 15 | New Hampshire $51,140 15 | Delaware 0.08%
16 | Indiana 1,760 16 | Maryland $50,720 16 | Illinois 0.08%|
17 | Missouri 1,710} 17 | Minnesota $50,450 17 | Ohio 0.08%|
48 | Arizona 1,650} 18 | Arkansas $__49,830 18 | Oklahoma 0.08%
19 | Wisconsin 1590} 19 | Pennsylvania $ 49,820 19 | Arkansas 0.07%
20 | Connecticut 1,450] 20 { Oregon $__ 49,810 20 | Pennsylvania 0.07%!
21 | Minnesota 1,430} 21 | Utah $49,560 21 | Kansas 0.07%|
22 | Tennessee 1,180] 22 | Idaho $49,550 22 | Nebraska 0.07%
23 | Oklahoma 1,030} 23 | Texas $ 49,310 23 | North Carolina 0.07%|
24 | Kansas 900] 24 | North Carolina $49,000 24 | New Mexico 0.07%
25 | Arkansas 790) 25 | Tennessee $__ 47,950 25 | Missouri 0.07%!
26 | District of Columbia 770 26 | Kentucky $ 47,850 26 | Hawaii 0.06%|
27 | lowa 770} 27 | District of Columbia $47,810 27 { Utah 0.06%
28 | Alabama 760) 28 | Ohio $47,640 28 | Indiana 0.06%|
29 | Oregon 660} 29 | Michigan $47,120 29 | Wisconsin 0,06%|
30 | South Carolina 660) 30 | Florida $46,890 30 _| Minnesota 0.06%
31 | Utah 610) 31 | Nebraska $46,630 31_| Florida 0.06%)
32 | Nebraska 590) 32 | lowa $46,460 32 | lowa 0.06%
33 | Kentucky 580] 33 | Alabama $ 46,230 33 | New Hampshire 0.05%!
34 | Louisiana $10) 34 | Wisconsin $45,720 34 | Alaska 0.05%
35 | New Mexico 440] 35 | Vermont $ 45,630 35 | Michigan 0.05%|
36 | Rhode Island 410} 36 | Montana $ 45,420 36 | Tennessee 0.05%
37 | Mississippi 330} 37 | Nevada $ 45,240 37 | Oregon 0.04%
38 | Hawaii 310] 38 | West Virginia $45,110 38 | Alabama 0.04%
39 | New Hampshire 300} 39 | New Mexico $ 43,570 39 | Maine 0.04%
40 | Puerto Rico 290) 40 | Kansas $43,560 40 | South Carolina 0.04%)
41 | Delaware 280} 41 | Indiana $43,430 41 | Kentucky 0.03%
42 | Nevada 250} 42 | South Carolina $43,230 42 | North Dakota 0.03%
43 | Vermont 240) 43 | Louisiana $43,120 43 | Idaho. 0.03%
44 | Maine 220 44 | North Dakota $42,820 44 | Puerto Rico 0.03%
45 | Idaho 170} 45 | South Dakota $42,810 45 | Mississippi 0.03%|
46 | West Virginia 170) 46 | Georgia $ 42,590 46 | Montana 0.03%|
47 | Alaska 130} 47 | Wyoming $42,120 47 | Louisiana 0.03%|
48 | Montana 100} 48 | Oklahoma $41,250 48 | Nevada 0.03%
49 | North Dakota 100) 49 | Maine $40,730 49 | West Virginia 0.03%
50 | South Dakota 70 50 | Mississippi $40,510 50 | South Dakota 0.02%
51 | Wyoming 40} 51 | Puerto Rico $40,100 51 | Wyoming 0.02%
52 | Washington () 52 | Washington () 52 | Washington 0.00%
53 | Guam i) 53 | Guam (a) 53 | Guam 0.00%
54 | Virgin Islands (@) 54 | Virgin Islands (*) 54 | Virgin Islands 0.00%

SOURCE: Office of Technology Policy, U.S. Department of Commerce

iL. () data not available



4 The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings

Table 2. 1998 State Employment of Computer Engineers

State Rankings by

State Rankings by

State Rankings by

Number Employed Annual Average Wages Intensity

Annual State

Size of Average Index

Rank State Work Force} Rank State Wages Rank State Intensity | US=100
1_| California 54,090 1_| Massachusetts $66,680 1_| Massachusetts 0.73%| 304
2 | Texas 23,070 2 | District of Columbia $66,040 2 | Colorado 0.61% 254
3 | Massachusetts 22,820 3 | Oregon $65,330 3 | Virginia 0.49% 204
4 | Virginia 15,890 4 | Colorado $64,460 4 | Maryland 0.41% 171
§ | Illinois 15,470 5 | California $64,020 5 | California 0.39%| 163
6 | New York 13,710 6 | Arizona $63,950 6 | District of Columbia 0.38%| 159
7 | New Jersey 12,580 7 | Rhode Island $62,560 7 | New Jersey 0.34% | 141
8 | Colorado 12,290 8 | Connecticut $62,230 8 | Connecticut 0.30%| 124
9 | Pennsylvania 11,860 9 | Delaware $62,120 9 | Washington 0.29% 120
10 | Florida 11,030 10 | New Jersey $ 60,950 10 | Minnesota 0.28% 118
11 | North Carolina 9,650. 11 | Washington $60,540 11 | Utah 0.27%! 113
12 | Maryland 9,420 12 | New York $ 59,730 12 | Illinois 0.27%| 111
13 | Georgia 8,850 13 | North Dakota $59,590 13 | Texas 0.26% 108
14 | Michigan 8,250 14 | Florida $ 59,250 14 | North Carolina 0.26% 108
15 | Ohio 7,810 15 | North Carolina $ 59,230 15 | Oregon 0.25%| 105
16 | Minnesota 7,090. 16 | Nevada $59,020 16 | Georgia 0.24% 100
17 | Washington 6,870 17 | Pennsylvania $58,860 17 | Arizona 0.23% ye
18 | Connecticut 4,850 18 | Maryland $58,460 18 | Pennsylvania 0.22% 92
19 | Arizona 4,800 19 | Alaska $ 58,350 19 | Idaho 0.21% 85
20 | Indiana 3,970 20 | Minnesota $58,310 20 | Rhode Island 0.20%! 83
21 | Oregon 3,830 21 | Texas $58,210 21 | Vermont 0.19% 80
22 | Missouri 2,980 22 | Virginia $58,070 22 | Michigan 0.19%! 78
23 | Alabama 2,970 23 | Georgia $57,960 23 | New York 0.17%! 70
24 | Utah 2,650 24 | Alabama $57,700 24 | Florida 0.17%) 70
25 | Wisconsin 2,510 25 | New Mexico $57,330 25 | Alabama 0.16%! 67
26 | lowa 2,200 26 | Utah $57,180 26 | lowa 0.16% 65.
27 | Tennessee 1,880 27 | Michigan $56,070 27 | Nebraska 0.16%! 65
28 | Kentucky 1,850 28 | Montana $55,680 28 | New Mexico 0.14%| 60
29 | District of Columbia 1,540 29 | Hawaii $ 55,590 29 | Ohio 0.14%! 60
30 | Nebraska 1,320 30 | Wisconsin $ 55,530 30 | Indiana 0.14% 57
31 | Oklahoma 1,310 31_| Missouri $55,010 31 | Missouri 0.12% 48
32 | Idaho 1,050 32 | Nebraska $54,940 32 | Kentucky 0.11%! 46
33 | New Mexico 960 33 | Vermont $ 54,240 33 | Wisconsin, 0.10%} 40
34 | Kansas 930 34 | Maine $53,470 34 | Oklahoma 0.10% 40
35 | Rhode Island 870 35 | Ohio $ 53,200 35 | Delaware 0.09% 39
36 | South Carolina 870 36 | West Virginia $ 52,850 36 | Kansas 0.07%! 30
37 | Mississippi 710 37 | Idaho $ 52,440 37 | Tennessee 0.07% 30
38 | Louisiana 590 38 | South Carolina $52,320 38 | North Dakota 0.07%! 28
39 | Arkansas 580 39 | Tennessee $ 52,160 39 | Mississippi 0.06% 27
40 | Vermont 510 40 | Illinois $ 52,110 40 | Hawaii 0.06%| 26
41 | Delaware 330 41 | Indiana $ 51,910 41 | South Dakota 0.05% 22
42 | Hawaii 300 42 | lowa $50,780 42 | Arkansas 0.05% 22
43 | Maine 260 43 | Oklahoma $ 50,570 43 | South Carolina 0.05% 21
44 | West Virginia 240 44 | Kansas $50,140 44 | Maine 0.05% 20
45 | Nevada 230 45 | Mississippi $50,020 45 | Alaska 0.04% 17
46 | North Dakota 200 46 | Wyoming $48,270 46 | West Virginia 0.04%| 15
47 | South Dakota 180 47 | Kentucky $48,080 47 | Louisiana 0.03% 13
48 | Puerto Rico 140 48 | Louisiana $46,490 48 | Montana 0.03% 12
49 | Alaska 100 49 | South Dakota $ 45,560 49 | Nevada 0.03% 10
50 | Montana 100 50 | Arkansas $41,340 50 | Puerto Rico 0.02%| 6
51 | Wyoming 30 51 | Puerto Rico $_38,170 51 | Wyoming 0.01% 6
52 | New Hampshire ©) 52 | New Hampshire (8) 52 | New Hampshire (’) (*)
53 | Guam () 53 | Guam a) 53 | Guam () a)
54 | Virgin Islands @ 54 | Virgin Islands () 54 | Virgin Islands @) ()

‘SOURCE: Office of Technology Policy, U.S. Department of Commerce

(*) data not available



The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings 3

Table 1. State Core Information Technology Employment

State Rankings by State Rankings by
Size of Core IT Work Force Core IT Worker Intensity

State

Core IT Index

Rank| State Workers Rank State Intensity US=100
1 [California 275,420 1 [Colorado 2.94% 179
2 |Texas 150,150. 2 [Virginia 2.93% 178
3 |New York 137,660 3 |Massachusetts 2.71%| 165,
4 illinois 114,800 4 [Maryland 2.69% 163
5 Virginia 94,630 5 |New Jersey 2.42% 147
6 {Florida 91,970 6 |Delaware 2.20%! 133
7 |New Jersey 90,010 7 |Connecticut 2.04% 124
8 |Massachusetts 84,630 8 |Minnesota 2.03%! 123
9 |Pennsyivania 79,200 9 [California 2.00% 121
10 |Ohio 71,670 10 {Illinois 1.98%} 120
11 |Georgia 64,930 11 [District of Columbia 1.97%| 120
12 {Michigan 64,170 12 |Georgia 1.77% 108
13 [Maryland 61,560 13 [Nebraska 1.75% 106
14 [Colorado 59,100. 14 [Utah 1.71% 104
15 {North Carolina 56,470 15 |New York 1.70% 103
16 |Minnesota 50,800 16 |Arizona 1,70%| 103
17 |Washington 38,080 17 {Texas 1.70% 103
18 |Missouri 37,560 18 {Oregon 1.61%| 98
19 |Arizona 34,850 19 {Washington 1.60% 97
20 [Wisconsin 33,180 20 [Vermont 1.58% 96
21 |Connecticut 33,100 21 |North Carolina 1.52% 92
22 {Indiana 28,650 22 [Pennsylvania 1.47% 89
23 Tennessee 27,450 23 {Michigan 1.46% 89
24 |Oregon 24,390 24 [Missouri 1.45% 88
25 |Alabama 19,890 25 |North Dakota 1.45% 88
26 |Utah 16,620 26 |New Hampshire 1.40% 85
27 [Oklahoma 16,600 27 |Florida 1.40%] 85
28 |Kentucky 16,360 28 |Ohio 1.32% 80
29 |lowa 16,280 29 |Wisconsin 1.26% 77
30 |Kansas 14,740 30 |Rhode Island 1.24%| 7
31 [Nebraska 14,730 31 [Oklahoma 1.21%) 74
32 [South Carolina 14,540 32 flowa 1.16% 71
33 [Louisiana 12,120 33 [South Dakota 1.16%| 70
34 [District of Columbia 7,960 34 [Kansas 1.15% 70
35 |New Hampshire 7,890 35 [Alaska 1.10%] 67
36 [Delaware 7,700 36 [Idaho 1.10% 67
37 |New Mexico 7,210 37 [Alabama 1.08%| 66
38 [Arkansas 6,910 38 |New Mexico 1,08%| 66
39 |Mississippi 6,340 39 [Tennessee 1,06%| 64
40 [Nevada 6,060 40 [Indiana 1.00%| 61
41 {Idaho 5,610 41 [Kentucky 0.97% 59
42 [Puerto Rico 5,440 42 [Hawaii 0.94% $7
43 [Rhode Island 5,420 43 [Maine 0.86%| 52
44 |Maine 4,770 44 |South Carolina 0.84%| 51
45 [Hawaii 4,530 45 [Montana 0.74% 45
46 |North Dakota 4,280 46 |Louisiana 0.67%! 40
47 |Vermont 4,210 47 |Nevada 0.66% 40
48 |West Virginia 3,940 48 |Arkansas 0.63%) 38
49 |South Dakota 3,890 49 |Guam 0.61%) 37
50 [Alaska 2,750 50 [Puerto Rico 0.60% 37
51 [Montana 2,620 51 |West Virginia 0.60% 36
52 |Wyoming 1,120 52 |Mississippi 0.58%| 35,
53 |Guam 310 53 |Wyoming 0.53%| 32
54 Virgin Islands 40 54 |Virgin Islands 0.15%| E}
Total U.S. Core IT Workers 2,045,310 U.S. Core IT Worker Intensity 1.65%) 100

‘SOURCE: Office of Technology Policy, U.S. Department of Commerce


2 The Digital Work Force: State Data & Rankings

Prepared by

John Sargent
Senior Policy Analyst/
Policy Advisor to the Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy
Office of Technology Policy
Technology Admnistration
U.S. Department of Commerce

This document is intended to provide additional information to decision makers, but it is important
to note that the data in this report provides a snapshot of the information technology work force in

the states in 1998. This document does not assess trends, nor does it provide a qualitative analysis
of each state’s core IT work force.

Additional information on the Nation’s information technology work force and other
technology policy issues can be found at http://www.ta.doc.gov/reports