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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 10440 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                               H. R. 10440

To amend the Safe Drinking Water Act to provide assistance for States, 
territories, areas affected by natural disasters, and water systems and 
  schools affected by PFAS or lead, and to require the Environmental 
    Protection Agency to promulgate national primary drinking water 
regulations for PFAS, microcystin toxin, and 1,4-dioxane, and for other 
                               purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                           December 16, 2024

Mr. Tonko (for himself and Mr. Pallone) introduced the following bill; 
  which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in 
 addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, and Transportation and 
   Infrastructure, for a period to be subsequently determined by the 
  Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
           within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
To amend the Safe Drinking Water Act to provide assistance for States, 
territories, areas affected by natural disasters, and water systems and 
  schools affected by PFAS or lead, and to require the Environmental 
    Protection Agency to promulgate national primary drinking water 
regulations for PFAS, microcystin toxin, and 1,4-dioxane, and for other 
                               purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Assistance, 
Quality, and Affordability Act of 2024''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
                        TITLE I--INFRASTRUCTURE

Sec. 101. Drinking water system resilience funding.
Sec. 102. Grants for State programs.
Sec. 103. Assistance for disadvantaged communities.
Sec. 104. Allotments for territories.
Sec. 105. Drinking water SRF funding.
Sec. 106. Lead service line replacement.
Sec. 107. Drinking water assistance to colonias.
Sec. 108. PFAS treatment grants.
Sec. 109. Grant program for installation of filtration stations at 
                            schools and child care programs.
Sec. 110. Indian reservation drinking water program.
Sec. 111. Assistance for areas affected by natural disasters.
                            TITLE II--SAFETY

Sec. 201. Enabling EPA to set health protective standards for new 
                            drinking water contaminants.
Sec. 202. Citizens' petitions for new or revised national primary 
                            drinking water regulations.
Sec. 203. National primary drinking water regulations for PFAS.
Sec. 204. National primary drinking water regulations for microcystin 
                            toxin.
Sec. 205. National primary drinking water regulations for 1,4-dioxane.
Sec. 206. National primary drinking water regulations for chromium-6.
Sec. 207. Elimination of small system variances.
                        TITLE III--AFFORDABILITY

Sec. 301. Water affordability program.

                        TITLE I--INFRASTRUCTURE

SEC. 101. DRINKING WATER SYSTEM RESILIENCE FUNDING.

    Section 1433(g) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300i-
2(g)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and 2021'' and 
        inserting ``through 2034''; and
            (2) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) by striking ``25,000,000'' and inserting 
                ``50,000,000''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2020 and 2021'' and inserting 
                ``2025 through 2034''.

SEC. 102. GRANTS FOR STATE PROGRAMS.

    Section 1443(a)(7) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-
2(a)(7)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``125,000,000'' and inserting 
        ``200,000,000''; and
            (2) by striking ``2020 and 2021'' and inserting ``2025 
        through 2034''.

SEC. 103. ASSISTANCE FOR DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES.

    Section 1452(d)(2)(A) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 
300j-12(d)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ``35 percent'' and inserting 
``40 percent''.

SEC. 104. ALLOTMENTS FOR TERRITORIES.

    Section 1452(j) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-
12(j)) is amended by striking ``0.33 percent'' and inserting ``1.5 
percent''.

SEC. 105. DRINKING WATER SRF FUNDING.

    Section 1452(m)(1) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-
12(m)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraphs (A) through (E);
            (2) by striking subparagraph (G);
            (3) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as subparagraph (A);
            (4) in subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``; and'' and inserting a semicolon; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) $3,250,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(C) $3,750,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(D) $4,140,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(E) $4,800,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                    ``(F) $5,500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2029 
                through 2034.''.

SEC. 106. LEAD SERVICE LINE REPLACEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 1452 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 
U.S.C. 300j-12) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(u) Lead Service Line Replacement.--
            ``(1) In general.--In addition to the capitalization grants 
        to eligible States under subsection (a)(1), the Administrator 
        shall offer to enter into agreements with States, Indian 
        Tribes, and the territories described in subsection (j) to make 
        grants, including letters of credit, to such States, Indian 
        Tribes, and territories under this subsection to fund the 
        replacement of lead service lines.
            ``(2) Allotments.--
                    ``(A) States.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Funds made available to 
                        carry out this subsection shall be--
                                    ``(I) subject to clause (ii), 
                                allotted and reallotted to the extent 
                                practicable to States as if allotted or 
                                reallotted under subsection (a)(1) as a 
                                capitalization grant under such 
                                subsection; and
                                    ``(II) deposited into the State 
                                loan fund of a State receiving such 
                                funds pursuant to an agreement entered 
                                into pursuant to this subsection.
                            ``(ii) State lead service line replacement 
                        needs.--For purposes of applying the formula 
                        described in subsection (a)(1)(D) under clause 
                        (i) of this subparagraph, the State needs 
                        identified in the most recent survey conducted 
                        pursuant to subsection (h) shall only include 
                        the State needs identified for lead service 
                        line replacement in such survey.
                    ``(B) Indian tribes.--The Administrator shall set 
                aside 1\1/2\ percent of the amounts made available each 
                fiscal year to carry out this subsection to make grants 
                to Indian Tribes.
                    ``(C) Other areas.--Funds made available to carry 
                out this subsection shall be allotted to territories 
                described in subsection (j) in accordance with such 
                subsection.
            ``(3) Grants.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
        section, funds made available under this subsection shall be 
        used only for providing grants for the full replacement of lead 
        service lines.
            ``(4) Priority.--Each State, Indian Tribe, and territory 
        that has entered into an agreement pursuant to this subsection 
        shall annually prepare a plan that identifies the intended uses 
        of the amounts made available to such State, Indian Tribe, or 
        territory under this subsection, and any such plan shall--
                    ``(A) not be required to comply with subsection 
                (b)(3); and
                    ``(B) provide, to the maximum extent practicable, 
                that priority for the use of funds be given to projects 
                that replace lead service lines serving disadvantaged 
                communities and environmental justice communities.
            ``(5) Plan for replacement.--Each State, Indian Tribe, and 
        territory that has entered into an agreement pursuant to this 
        subsection shall require each recipient of funds made available 
        pursuant to this subsection to submit to the State, Indian 
        Tribe, or territory a plan to fully replace all lead service 
        lines in the applicable public water system within 10 years of 
        receiving such funds, or sooner if required by law.
            ``(6) American made iron and steel and prevailing wages.--
        The requirements of paragraphs (4) and (5) of subsection (a) 
        shall apply to any project carried out in whole or in part with 
        funds made available under or pursuant to this subsection.
            ``(7) Limitation.--
                    ``(A) Prohibition on partial line replacement.--No 
                funds made available pursuant to this subsection may be 
                used for partial lead service line replacement if, at 
                the conclusion of the service line replacement, 
                drinking water is delivered through a publicly or 
                privately owned portion of a lead service line.
                    ``(B) No private owner contribution.--In carrying 
                out lead service line replacement using a grant under 
                this subsection, a recipient of funds made available 
                pursuant to this subsection shall offer to replace any 
                privately owned portion of any lead service line at no 
                cost to the private owner.
            ``(8) Disadvantaged community assistance.--All funds made 
        available pursuant to this subsection to fund the replacement 
        of lead service lines may be used to replace lead service lines 
        serving disadvantaged communities.
            ``(9) State contribution not required.--No agreement 
        entered into pursuant to paragraph (1) shall require that a 
        State deposit, at any time, in the applicable State loan fund 
        from State moneys any contribution in order to receive funds 
        under this subsection.
            ``(10) Authorization of appropriations.--
                    ``(A) In general.--There are authorized to be 
                appropriated to carry out this subsection 
                $3,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 
                2036. Such sums shall remain available until expended.
                    ``(B) Additional amounts.--To the extent amounts 
                authorized to be appropriated under this subsection in 
                any fiscal year are not appropriated in that fiscal 
                year, such amounts are authorized to be appropriated in 
                a subsequent fiscal year. Such sums shall remain 
                available until expended.
            ``(11) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection:
                    ``(A) Disadvantaged community.--The term 
                `disadvantaged community' has the meaning given such 
                term in subsection (d)(3).
                    ``(B) Environmental justice community.--The term 
                `environmental justice community' means any population 
                of color, community of color, indigenous community, or 
                low-income community that experiences a 
                disproportionate burden of the negative human health 
                and environmental impacts of pollution or other 
                environmental hazards.
                    ``(C) Lead service line.--The term `lead service 
                line' has the meaning given such term in section 
                1459B(a)(4).''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1452(m)(1) of the Safe Drinking 
Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(m)(1)) is amended by striking ``(a)(2)(G) 
and (t)'' and inserting ``(a)(2)(G), (t), and (u)''.

SEC. 107. DRINKING WATER ASSISTANCE TO COLONIAS.

    Section 1456 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-16) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
                (3); and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following 
                new paragraph:
            ``(2) Covered entity.--The term `covered entity' means each 
        of the following:
                    ``(A) A border State.
                    ``(B) A local government with jurisdiction over an 
                eligible community.'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``border State'' and 
        inserting ``covered entity'';
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``shall not exceed 50 
        percent'' and inserting ``may not be less than 80 percent''; 
        and
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking ``$25,000,000'' and inserting 
                ``$100,000,000''; and
                    (B) by striking ``1997 through 1999'' and inserting 
                ``2025 through 2034''.

SEC. 108. PFAS TREATMENT GRANTS.

    Part E of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 1459H. ASSISTANCE FOR COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS AFFECTED BY PFAS.

    ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Administrator shall establish a program 
to award grants to affected community water systems to pay for capital 
costs associated with the implementation of eligible treatment 
technologies.
    ``(b) Applications.--
            ``(1) Guidance.--Not later than 12 months after the date of 
        enactment of this section, the Administrator shall publish 
        guidance describing the form and timing for community water 
        systems to apply for grants under this section.
            ``(2) Required information.--The Administrator shall 
        require a community water system applying for a grant under 
        this section to submit--
                    ``(A) information showing the presence of a 
                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance in water of 
                the community water system; and
                    ``(B) a certification that the treatment technology 
                in use by the community water system at the time of 
                application is not sufficient to meet all applicable 
                standards, and all applicable health advisories 
                published pursuant to section 1412(b)(1)(F), for 
                perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
    ``(c) List of Eligible Treatment Technologies.--Not later than 150 
days after the date of enactment of this section, and every 2 years 
thereafter, the Administrator shall publish a list of treatment 
technologies that the Administrator determines are the most effective 
at removing perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances from drinking 
water.
    ``(d) Priority for Funding.--In awarding grants under this section, 
the Administrator shall prioritize an affected community water system 
that--
            ``(1) serves a disadvantaged community;
            ``(2) has an exceedance of an applicable maximum 
        contaminant level for individual or mixture of perfluoroalkyl 
        and polyfluoroalkyl substances;
            ``(3) will provide at least a 10-percent cost share for the 
        cost of implementing an eligible treatment technology;
            ``(4) demonstrates the capacity to maintain the eligible 
        treatment technology to be implemented using the grant; or
            ``(5) is located within an area with respect to which the 
        Administrator has published a determination under the first 
        sentence of section 1424(e) relating to an aquifer that is the 
        sole or principal drinking water source for the area; and
            ``(6) has not received monies from a settlement agreement 
        or consent decree related to contamination by a perfluoroalkyl 
        or polyfluoroalkyl substance in water in the community water 
        system.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $500,000,000 for each of the 
fiscal years 2025 through 2034.
    ``(f) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Affected community water system.--The term `affected 
        community water system' means a community water system that is 
        affected by the presence of a perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
        substance in water in the community water system.
            ``(2) Disadvantaged community.--The term `disadvantaged 
        community' has the meaning given that term in section 1452.
            ``(3) Eligible treatment technology.--The term `eligible 
        treatment technology' means a treatment technology included on 
        the list published under subsection (c).
            ``(4) Perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance.--The 
        term `perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance' means any 
        man-made chemical with at least one fully fluorinated carbon 
        atom.''.

SEC. 109. GRANT PROGRAM FOR INSTALLATION OF FILTRATION STATIONS AT 
              SCHOOLS AND CHILD CARE PROGRAMS.

    Section 1464 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-24) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Grant Program for Installation and Maintenance of Filtration 
Stations.--
            ``(1) Program.--The Administrator shall establish a program 
        to make grants to States to assist local educational agencies 
        in installation and maintenance of filtration stations at 
        schools and facilities used by child care programs under the 
        jurisdiction of the local educational agencies or other State 
        agencies.
            ``(2) Direct grants to local educational agencies.--The 
        Administrator may make a grant described in paragraph (1) 
        directly available to--
                    ``(A) any local educational agency described in 
                clause (i) or (iii) of subsection (d)(1)(B) located in 
                a State that does not participate in the program 
                established under paragraph (1); or
                    ``(B) any local educational agency described in 
                clause (ii) of subsection (d)(1)(B).
            ``(3) Use of funds.--Grants made under the program 
        established under this subsection may be used to pay the costs 
        of--
                    ``(A) installation and maintenance of filtration 
                stations at schools and facilities used by child care 
                programs; and
                    ``(B) annual testing of drinking water at such 
                schools and facilities used by child care programs 
                following the installation of filtration stations.
            ``(4) Priority.--In making grants under the program 
        established under this subsection, the Administrator shall give 
        priority to States and local educational agencies that will 
        assist in installation and maintenance of filtration stations 
        at schools and facilities used by child care programs that are 
        in low-income areas.
            ``(5) Requirement.--Filtration stations installed pursuant 
        to the program established under this section shall include 
        remote performance monitoring and automatic shut-off of the 
        filtration station in the event the filtration station is not 
        operating properly.
            ``(6) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Administrator shall establish 
        guidance to carry out the program established under this 
        subsection.
            ``(7) No prior testing required.--The program established 
        under this subsection shall not require testing for lead 
        contamination in drinking water at schools and facilities used 
        by child care programs prior to participation in such program.
            ``(8) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Child care program and local educational 
                agency.--The terms `child care program' and `local 
                educational agency' have the meaning given such terms 
                in subsection (d).
                    ``(B) Filtration station.--The term `filtration 
                station' means an apparatus that--
                            ``(i) is connected to building plumbing;
                            ``(ii) is certified to the latest version 
                        of NSF/ANSI 53 for lead reduction and NSF/ANSI 
                        42 for particulate reduction (Class I) by a 
                        certification body accredited by the American 
                        National Standards Institute National 
                        Accreditation Board;
                            ``(iii) has an indicator to show filter 
                        performance;
                            ``(iv) can fill bottles or containers for 
                        water consumption; and
                            ``(v) allows users to drink directly from a 
                        stream of flowing water.
            ``(9) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $100,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2034.''.

SEC. 110. INDIAN RESERVATION DRINKING WATER PROGRAM.

    Section 2001(g) of America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 
(Public Law 115-270) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out the program under subsection (a) $50,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2034.''.

SEC. 111. ASSISTANCE FOR AREAS AFFECTED BY NATURAL DISASTERS.

    Section 2020 of America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (Public 
Law 115-270) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``subsection (e)(1)'' 
        and inserting ``subsection (f)(1)'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (c) through (e) as 
        subsections (d) through (f), respectively;
            (3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) Assistance for Territories.--The Administrator may use funds 
made available under subsection (f)(1) to make grants to Guam, the 
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands for 
the purposes of providing assistance to eligible systems to restore or 
increase compliance with national primary drinking water 
regulations.''; and
            (4) in subsection (f), as so redesignated--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``State Revolving 
                Fund Capitalization''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``and to make grants under 
                        subsection (c) of this section,'' before ``to 
                        be available''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or 
                        subsection (c), as applicable'' after 
                        ``subsection (b)(1)''.

                            TITLE II--SAFETY

SEC. 201. ENABLING EPA TO SET HEALTH PROTECTIVE STANDARDS FOR NEW 
              DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 1412(b)(6) of the Safe Drinking Water Act 
(42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(6)) is repealed.
    (b) Threshold.--Section 1412(b)(1)(A) of the Safe Drinking Water 
Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(1)(A)) is amended--
            (1) by striking clause (iii);
            (2) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) 
        and (II), respectively;
            (3) by striking ``The Administrator shall'' and inserting 
        the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--The Administrator 
                        shall'';
            (4) in subclause (I), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``persons;'' and inserting ``persons; and'';
            (5) by amending subclause (II), as so redesignated, to read 
        as follows:
                                    ``(II) the contaminant is known to 
                                occur or there is a substantial 
                                likelihood that the contaminant will 
                                occur at levels of public health 
                                concern in public water systems serving 
                                in total at least an estimated 
                                1,000,000 persons or more across at 
                                least 3 States.''; and
            (6) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) Level of public health concern.--For 
                        purposes of this subparagraph, a contaminant 
                        shall be considered to occur at a level of 
                        public health concern if it exceeds a health 
                        advisory published under subparagraph (F) or a 
                        toxicity value established by the Administrator 
                        or the Administrator of the Agency for Toxic 
                        Substances Disease Registry.''.
    (c) Health Advisory.--Section 1412(b)(1)(F) of the Safe Drinking 
Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(1)(F)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following: ``A determination under this subsection to publish or 
establish a health advisory or toxicity value shall not be considered a 
final agency action that is subject to judicial review.''.
    (d) Protecting Vulnerable Populations.--Section 1412(b)(4) of the 
Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(4)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) through (E) as 
        subparagraphs (D) through (F), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
                    ``(C) Health protection.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision in this Act, each maximum contaminant level 
                goal and national primary drinking water regulation 
                established under this subsection shall be protective 
                of the health of subpopulations at greater risk, as 
                identified in section 1458.''.
    (e) Conforming Amendments.--Section 1412(b) of the Safe Drinking 
Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)(C)(i)--
                    (A) by striking ``paragraph (5) or (6)(A)'' and 
                inserting ``paragraph (5)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``paragraphs (4), (5), and (6)'' 
                and inserting ``paragraphs (4) and (5)''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ``paragraphs (5) and 
        (6)'' and inserting ``paragraph (5)''.

SEC. 202. CITIZENS' PETITIONS FOR NEW OR REVISED NATIONAL PRIMARY 
              DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS.

    Section 1412 of Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-1) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Citizens' Petitions for New or Revised National Primary 
Drinking Water Regulations.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any person may petition the 
        Administrator to promulgate a new or revised national primary 
        drinking water regulation and maximum contaminant level goal 
        for a contaminant in accordance with this section.
            ``(2) Procedures.--
                    ``(A) Requirements for petitions.--A petition under 
                paragraph (1) shall--
                            ``(i) be filed in the principal office of 
                        the Administrator; and
                            ``(ii) include such evidence (which shall 
                        be based upon government or public water system 
                        data, independent monitoring conducted using 
                        certified laboratories, or published, peer-
                        reviewed literature) that supports an 
                        applicable determination under subparagraph 
                        (D).
                    ``(B) Public hearing, investigation, or other 
                proceeding.--The Administrator--
                            ``(i) shall issue a public notice of the 
                        receipt of a petition under paragraph (1) not 
                        later than 5 business days after such receipt; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) may conduct such investigation or 
                        proceeding as the Administrator determines 
                        appropriate, including holding a public 
                        hearing, in order to determine whether to grant 
                        or deny a petition filed under paragraph (1).
                    ``(C) Deadline.--Not later than 180 days after a 
                person files a petition in accordance with subparagraph 
                (A), the Administrator shall either grant or deny the 
                petition based on--
                            ``(i) the evidence included in the 
                        petition; and
                            ``(ii) any other evidence described in 
                        subparagraph (A)(ii) that the Administrator may 
                        possesses or that was submitted to the 
                        Administrator not later than 30 days after the 
                        Administrator issued a public notice of the 
                        receipt of the petition under subparagraph 
                        (B)(i).
                    ``(D) Determinations.--
                            ``(i) New regulations.--The Administrator 
                        shall grant a petition under paragraph (1) to 
                        promulgate a new national primary drinking 
                        water regulation and maximum contaminant level 
                        goal for a contaminant if the Administrator 
                        determines that the criteria of clauses (i), 
                        (ii), and (iii) of subsection (b)(1)(A) are 
                        satisfied.
                            ``(ii) Revised regulations.--The 
                        Administrator shall grant a petition under 
                        paragraph (1) to promulgate a revised national 
                        primary drinking water regulation and maximum 
                        contaminant level goal for a contaminant if the 
                        Administrator determines a revised national 
                        primary drinking water regulation and maximum 
                        contaminant level goal for the contaminant will 
                        provide for greater protection of the health of 
                        persons.
                    ``(E) Determination to regulate; reasons for 
                denial.--If the Administrator grants a petition under 
                subparagraph (D), such decision shall be considered a 
                determination to regulate a contaminant under 
                subsection (b)(1)(B) for purposes of subsection 
                (b)(1)(E). If the Administrator denies a petition under 
                subparagraph (D), the Administrator shall publish in 
                the Federal Register the Administrator's reasons for 
                such denial.
                    ``(F) Civil actions.--
                            ``(i) Denied petitions.--The denial of a 
                        petition filed under this subsection shall be 
                        considered an action pertaining to the 
                        establishment of national primary drinking 
                        water regulations under section 1448(a)(1).
                            ``(ii) Failure to act.--If the 
                        Administrator fails to grant or deny a petition 
                        filed under this subsection by the 180-day 
                        deadline described in subparagraph (C), the 
                        petitioner may commence a civil action under 
                        section 1449(a)(2) to order the Administrator 
                        to grant or deny the petition.''.

SEC. 203. NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR PFAS.

    Section 1412(b) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-
1(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(16) Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.--
                    ``(A) Determination.--Notwithstanding any other 
                deadline established in this subsection, the 
                Administrator shall make a determination under 
                paragraph (1)(A), using the criteria described in 
                clauses (i) through (iii) of that paragraph, whether to 
                publish a maximum contaminant level goal and promulgate 
                a national primary drinking water regulation for a 
                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance or class of 
                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substances not later 
                than 18 months after the later of--
                            ``(i) the date on which the perfluoroalkyl 
                        or polyfluoroalkyl substance or class of 
                        perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substances is 
                        listed on the list of contaminants for 
                        consideration of regulation under paragraph 
                        (1)(B)(i); and
                            ``(ii) the date on which--
                                    ``(I) the Administrator has 
                                received the results of monitoring 
                                under section 1445(a)(2)(B) for the 
                                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
                                substance or class of perfluoroalkyl or 
                                polyfluoroalkyl substances; or
                                    ``(II) the Administrator has 
                                received reliable water data or water 
                                monitoring surveys for the 
                                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
                                substance or class of perfluoroalkyl or 
                                polyfluoroalkyl substances from a 
                                Federal or State agency that the 
                                Administrator determines to be of a 
                                quality sufficient to make a 
                                determination under paragraph (1)(A).
                    ``(B) Primary drinking water regulations.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding any 
                        other deadline established in this subsection, 
                        for each perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
                        substance or class of perfluoroalkyl or 
                        polyfluoroalkyl substances that the 
                        Administrator determines to regulate under 
                        subparagraph (A), the Administrator--
                                    ``(I) not later than 18 months 
                                after the date on which the 
                                Administrator makes the determination, 
                                shall propose a national primary 
                                drinking water regulation for the 
                                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
                                substance or class of perfluoroalkyl or 
                                polyfluoroalkyl substances; and
                                    ``(II) may publish the proposed 
                                national primary drinking water 
                                regulation described in subclause (I) 
                                concurrently with the publication of 
                                the determination to regulate the 
                                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
                                substance or class of perfluoroalkyl or 
                                polyfluoroalkyl substances.
                            ``(ii) Deadline.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Notwithstanding 
                                any other deadline established in this 
                                subsection, not later than 1 year after 
                                the date on which the Administrator 
                                publishes a proposed national primary 
                                drinking water regulation under clause 
                                (i)(I) and subject to subclause (II) of 
                                this clause, the Administrator shall 
                                take final action on the proposed 
                                national primary drinking water 
                                regulation.
                                    ``(II) Extension.--The 
                                Administrator, on publication of notice 
                                in the Federal Register, may extend the 
                                deadline under subclause (I) by not 
                                more than 6 months.
                    ``(C) Alternative procedures.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year 
                        after the validation by the Administrator of an 
                        equally effective quality control and testing 
                        procedure to ensure compliance with a national 
                        primary drinking water regulation promulgated 
                        under this paragraph to measure the levels 
                        described in clause (ii) or other methods to 
                        detect and monitor perfluoroalkyl or 
                        polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water, 
                        the Administrator shall add the procedure or 
                        method as an alternative to the quality control 
                        and testing procedure described in such 
                        national primary drinking water regulation by 
                        publishing the procedure or method in the 
                        Federal Register in accordance with section 
                        1401(1)(D).
                            ``(ii) Levels described.--The levels 
                        referred to in clause (i) are--
                                    ``(I) the level of a perfluoroalkyl 
                                or polyfluoroalkyl substance;
                                    ``(II) the total levels of 
                                perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl 
                                substances; and
                                    ``(III) the total levels of organic 
                                fluorine.
                    ``(D) Monitoring.--When establishing monitoring 
                requirements for public water systems as part of a 
                national primary drinking water regulation under this 
                paragraph, the Administrator shall tailor the 
                monitoring requirements for public water systems that 
                do not detect or are reliably and consistently below 
                the maximum contaminant level (as defined in section 
                1418(b)(2)(B)) for the perfluoroalkyl or 
                polyfluoroalkyl substance or class of perfluoroalkyl or 
                polyfluoroalkyl substances subject to the national 
                primary drinking water regulation.
                    ``(E) Health risk reduction and cost analysis.--In 
                meeting the requirements of paragraph (3)(C), the 
                Administrator may rely on information available to the 
                Administrator with respect to one or more specific 
                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substances to 
                extrapolate reasoned conclusions regarding the health 
                risks and effects of a class of perfluoroalkyl or 
                polyfluoroalkyl substances of which the specific 
                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substances are a 
                part.
                    ``(F) Health advisory.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        the Administrator shall publish a health 
                        advisory under paragraph (1)(F) for a 
                        perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance or 
                        class of perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
                        substances not subject to a national primary 
                        drinking water regulation not later than 1 year 
                        after the later of--
                                    ``(I) the date on which the 
                                Administrator finalizes a toxicity 
                                value for the perfluoroalkyl or 
                                polyfluoroalkyl substance or class of 
                                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
                                substances; and
                                    ``(II) the date on which the 
                                Administrator validates an effective 
                                quality control and testing procedure 
                                for the perfluoroalkyl or 
                                polyfluoroalkyl substance or class of 
                                perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
                                substances.
                            ``(ii) Waiver.--The Administrator may waive 
                        the requirements of clause (i) with respect to 
                        a perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance 
                        or class of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl 
                        substances if the Administrator determines that 
                        there is a substantial likelihood that the 
                        perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance or 
                        class of perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl 
                        substances will not occur in drinking water 
                        with sufficient frequency to justify the 
                        publication of a health advisory, and publishes 
                        such determination, including the information 
                        and analysis used, and basis for, such 
                        determination, in the Federal Register.
                    ``(G) Perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance 
                defined.--In this paragraph, the term `perfluoroalkyl 
                or polyfluoroalkyl substance' means any man-made 
                chemical with at least one fully fluorinated carbon 
                atom.''.

SEC. 204. NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR MICROCYSTIN 
              TOXIN.

    Section 1412(b) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-
1(b)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(17) Microcystin toxin.--Notwithstanding any other 
        deadline established in this subsection, not later than 2 years 
        after the date of enactment of the Assistance, Quality, and 
        Affordability Act of 2024, the Administrator shall publish a 
        maximum contaminant level goal and promulgate a national 
        primary drinking water regulation for microcystin toxin.''.

SEC. 205. NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR 1,4-DIOXANE.

    Section 1412(b) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-
1(b)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(18) 1,4-dioxane.--Notwithstanding any other deadline 
        established in this subsection, not later than 2 years after 
        the date of enactment of the Assistance, Quality, and 
        Affordability Act of 2024, the Administrator shall publish a 
        maximum contaminant level goal and promulgate a national 
        primary drinking water regulation for 1,4-dioxane.''.

SEC. 206. NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR CHROMIUM-6.

    Section 1412(b) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-
1(b)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(19) Chromium-6.--Notwithstanding any other deadline 
        established in this subsection, not later than 2 years after 
        the date of enactment of the Assistance, Quality, and 
        Affordability Act of 2024, the Administrator shall publish a 
        maximum contaminant level goal and promulgate a national 
        primary drinking water regulation for chromium-6.''.

SEC. 207. ELIMINATION OF SMALL SYSTEM VARIANCES.

    (a) Small System Variances.--Section 1415 (42 U.S.C. 300g-4) of the 
Safe Drinking Water Act is amended by striking subsection (e).
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 1412(b)(15) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 
        U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(15)) is amended by striking subparagraph (D).
            (2) Section 1414(c)(1)(B) of the Safe Drinking Water Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 300g-3(c)(1)(B)) is amended by striking ``, (a)(2), 
        or (e)'' and inserting ``or (a)(2)''.
            (3) Section 1416(b)(2) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 
        U.S.C. 300g-5(b)(2)) is amended by striking subparagraph (D).
            (4) Section 1445(h) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 
        U.S.C. 300j-4(h)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``sections 1412(b)(4)(E) and 
                1415(e) (relating to small system variance program)'' 
                and inserting ``section 1412(b)(4)(E)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``guidance under sections 
                1412(b)(4)(E) and 1415(e)'' and inserting ``guidance 
                under section 1412(b)(4)(E)''.

                        TITLE III--AFFORDABILITY

SEC. 301. WATER AFFORDABILITY PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Part E of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 
300j et seq.) is further amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1459I. WATER AFFORDABILITY PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a program 
to annually provide to States and Indian Tribes grants to develop and 
carry out drinking water access programs to assist eligible households 
in improving or maintaining access to affordable drinking water.
    ``(b) Grants to States and Indian Tribes.--
            ``(1) Applications.--Each fiscal year a State or Indian 
        Tribe may apply for a grant provided under the program 
        established under subsection (a) by submitting to the 
        Administrator an application, which shall be in such form as 
        the Administrator shall require and shall contain assurances 
        that the State or Indian Tribe will establish a program that 
        meets the requirements of subsection (c)(1).
            ``(2) Formula.--The Administrator shall determine the 
        amount of a grant provided under the program established under 
        subsection (a) based on--
                    ``(A) the number of eligible households in the 
                State or under the jurisdiction of the Indian Tribe;
                    ``(B) the number of households in the State, or 
                under the jurisdiction of the Indian Tribe, with an 
                income equal to or less than 150 percent of the poverty 
                level; and
                    ``(C) the number of households in the State, or 
                under the jurisdiction of the Indian Tribe, that spend 
                more than 30 percent of the monthly income of the 
                household on housing.
            ``(3) Limitations.--
                    ``(A) Water conservation.--Not more than 15 percent 
                of any grant provided under the program established 
                under subsection (a) may be used to support efforts to 
                improve water conservation and reduce water usage.
                    ``(B) Administrative expenses.--Not more than 15 
                percent of any grant provided under the program 
                established under subsection (a) may be used to pay for 
                the administrative expenses of carrying out a drinking 
                water access program under subsection (c)(1).
            ``(4) Noncompliance and potential redistribution.--
                    ``(A) Noncompliance.--
                            ``(i) In general.--If the Administrator 
                        determines that a State or Indian Tribe is not 
                        using a grant in accordance with this section, 
                        the Administrator shall provide to the State or 
                        Indian Tribe written notice that describes the 
                        noncompliance. Not later than 60 days of 
                        receiving such written notice, the State or 
                        Indian Tribe shall provide to the Administrator 
                        a plan to remedy the noncompliance described in 
                        the written notice.
                            ``(ii) Noncompliance of community water 
                        system.--If a State or Indian Tribe determines 
                        that a community water system with which the 
                        State or Indian Tribe entered into a contract 
                        or other agreement under subsection (c)(2) is 
                        not using a grant in accordance with this 
                        section, the State or Indian Tribe shall 
                        provide to the community water system written 
                        notice that describes the noncompliance. If 
                        such community water system fails to remedy the 
                        noncompliance by not later than 90 days after 
                        receiving such written notice, the State or 
                        Indian Tribe shall terminate the contract or 
                        other agreement entered into under subsection 
                        (c)(2) and implement the drinking water access 
                        program on behalf of the community water 
                        system.
                    ``(B) Potential redistribution.--The Administrator 
                may withhold a grant to be provided to a State or 
                Indian Tribe that has failed to remedy any 
                noncompliance described in written notice provided 
                under subparagraph (A) and distribute such grant among 
                the remaining Indian Tribes in accordance with the 
                formula described under paragraph (2).
    ``(c) Drinking Water Access Programs.--
            ``(1) In general.--A State or Indian Tribe that receives a 
        grant under the program established under subsection (a) shall 
        use such grant to carry out a program to assist eligible 
        households in improving or maintaining access to affordable 
        drinking water. Each such drinking water access program shall--
                    ``(A) provide covered assistance to eligible 
                households to be used to improve or maintain access by 
                such households to affordable drinking water services;
                    ``(B) provide for timely and meaningful public 
                participation in the development and implementation of 
                the program, including an opportunity for public 
                comment;
                    ``(C) subject to the requirement of subparagraph 
                (H), ensure that such covered assistance is distributed 
                in a manner that ensures geographic distribution of 
                such assistance in proportion to the geographic 
                distribution of eligible households within the State or 
                under the jurisdiction of the Indian Tribe;
                    ``(D) utilize efficient methods for determining 
                eligibility of households, including--
                            ``(i) to the maximum extent feasible, 
                        sharing of data from other income-qualified 
                        assistance programs carried out by the State 
                        (including any local government of the State), 
                        the Indian Tribe, or the Federal Government to 
                        facilitate automatic enrollment; and
                            ``(ii) allowance for self-attestation of 
                        income qualification;
                    ``(E) carry out outreach and provide education to 
                eligible households to ensure that eligible households 
                are made aware of the covered assistance provided under 
                the drinking water access program;
                    ``(F) support efforts to improve water conservation 
                and reduce water usage in residences occupied by 
                eligible households, including through installation of 
                water efficient fixtures and leak repairs;
                    ``(G) use effective methods to promote access to 
                covered assistance provided under the drinking water 
                access program--
                            ``(i) including by allowing utilities to 
                        receive funds for debt reduction and directly 
                        apply them to customer accounts, and by 
                        allowing for electronic signature; and
                            ``(ii) which may not include requiring in-
                        person enrollment appointments or asset tests;
                    ``(H) coordinate activities carried out under the 
                drinking water access program with activities carried 
                out under similar programs administered by the Federal 
                Government, States, and Indian Tribes, including 
                programs related to low-income energy assistance; and
                    ``(I) if such program is carried out by a State, 
                each fiscal year, provide as covered assistance not 
                less than 20 percent of such grant to eligible 
                households that are served by small systems within such 
                State.
            ``(2) Contracts with community water systems.--A State or 
        Indian Tribe may enter into a contract or other agreement with 
        a community water system under which the community water 
        system, in accordance with the applicable requirements of 
        paragraph (1), carries out the drinking water access program of 
        the State or Indian Tribe with respect to the customers of the 
        community water system. A contract or other agreement entered 
        into under this paragraph shall include terms or conditions 
        that the community water system--
                    ``(A) shall maintain a--
                            ``(i) a long-term financial plan;
                            ``(ii) an asset management plan;
                            ``(iii) a capital improvement plan; and
                            ``(iv) a fiscal management plan; and
                    ``(B) shall demonstrate capacity to create and 
                implement an effective community outreach plan to 
                inform eligible households of the availability of 
                covered assistance under the drinking water access 
                program.
            ``(3) Income verification.--In determining the income of a 
        household for purposes of determining whether the household is 
        an eligible household, a State, Indian Tribe, or community 
        water system may use procedures and policies consistent with 
        procedures and policies used by other low-income assistance 
        programs.
            ``(4) Reporting requirements.--As a condition of receiving 
        a grant under the program established under subsection (a), a 
        State or Indian Tribe shall submit to the Administrator, in a 
        manner determined by the Administrator, information regarding 
        the drinking water access program the State or Indian Tribe 
        carries out under paragraph (1) (including any part of such 
        program carried out pursuant to a contract or other agreement 
        entered into under paragraph (2)), including--
                    ``(A) the design and implementation of the drinking 
                water access program, including--
                            ``(i) the type of covered assistance 
                        provided;
                            ``(ii) sources of funding other than such 
                        grant;
                            ``(iii) the number of eligible households 
                        that received covered assistance under the 
                        drinking water access program, disaggregated by 
                        type of covered assistance received; and
                            ``(iv) drinking water access program costs;
                    ``(B) the impacts of the drinking water access 
                program on community water systems and eligible 
                households that received covered assistance under the 
                drinking water access program, including--
                            ``(i) the average amount of covered 
                        assistance provided to such eligible 
                        households, disaggregated by type of covered 
                        assistance;
                            ``(ii) the percentage of eligible 
                        households that received covered assistance 
                        under the drinking water access program;
                            ``(iii) the average amount of bill debt 
                        carried by such households before and after 
                        enrollment in the drinking water access 
                        program;
                            ``(iv) the number of annual service 
                        disconnections for nonpayment;
                            ``(v) the resources from community water 
                        systems used to resolve delinquent bills; and
                            ``(vi) the percent of on-time bill 
                        payments;
                    ``(C) barriers to eligible households receiving 
                covered assistance under the drinking water access 
                program; and
                    ``(D) any other relevant information the 
                Administrator may require.
            ``(5) Prohibition.--A community water system that receives 
        funding from a drinking water access program (directly as 
        covered assistance or indirectly from an eligible household 
        that received covered assistance and is a customer of such 
        system) may not disconnect or interrupt the service of any 
        eligible household as a result of nonpayment or arrearages 
        during any period of one year that begins on the date on which 
        the eligible household receives covered assistance under the 
        drinking water access program.
            ``(6) Non-discrimination.--No person shall on the ground of 
        race, color, national origin, or sex be excluded from 
        participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to 
        discrimination under, any drinking water access program funded 
        in whole or in part with funds made available under this 
        section. Any prohibition against discrimination on the basis of 
        age under the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 or with respect to 
        an otherwise qualified handicapped individual as provided in 
        section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 also shall apply 
        to any such drinking water access program.
            ``(7) Relationship to other existing law and programs.--
                    ``(A) Supplement not supplant.--Covered assistance 
                provided under a drinking water access program carried 
                out under paragraph (1)--
                            ``(i) may not be used to replace funds for 
                        any existing, similar local program to assist 
                        households in maintaining access to affordable 
                        drinking water; and
                            ``(ii) may be used to supplement or enhance 
                        such a local program.
                    ``(B) Exemption from income tax.--For purposes of 
                the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, in the case of any 
                individual who is a member of an eligible household, 
                gross income shall not include assistance provided to 
                such individual pursuant to this section.
                    ``(C) No effect on other benefits or assistance.--
                Assistance provided to an eligible household pursuant 
                to this section shall not be taken into account as 
                income, and shall not be taken into account as 
                resources for the month of receipt and the following 12 
                months, for purposes of determining the eligibility of 
                such household for benefits or assistance, or the 
                amount or extent of benefits or assistance, under any 
                Federal program or under any State or local program 
                financed in whole or in part with Federal funds.
    ``(d) Technical Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall, subject to the 
        availability of appropriations, provide technical assistance to 
        States, Indian Tribes, and community water systems that entered 
        into a contract or other agreement with a State or Indian Tribe 
        under this section to support the implementation of this 
        section. Not more than 1 percent of the amount made available 
        to carry out this section for a fiscal year may be used to 
        provide technical assistance under this paragraph.
            ``(2) Grants.--The Administrator may award grants to 
        nonprofit organizations to provide technical assistance under 
        paragraph (1). Each nonprofit organization receiving a grant 
        under this paragraph shall consult with the State, Indian 
        Tribe, or community water system to which the technical 
        assistance is to be provided before using the grant. The 
        Administrator shall prioritize awarding grants under this 
        paragraph to nonprofit organizations that, as determined by the 
        Administrator, are the most qualified and experienced in 
        providing technical assistance to community water systems.
    ``(e) Guidance.--The Administrator shall provide guidance to 
States, Indian Tribes, and community water systems to carry out an 
effective drinking water access program in accordance with subsection 
(c), including effective methods to inform eligible households of the 
availability of covered assistance under such a program.
    ``(f) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which 
grants are first provided to a State or Indian Tribe under the program 
established under subsection (a), and each year thereafter, the 
Administrator shall submit to Congress a report on the results of such 
program.
    ``(g) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered assistance.--The term `covered assistance' 
        means each of the following:
                    ``(A) Direct financial assistance.
                    ``(B) A lifeline rate.
                    ``(C) Bill discounting.
                    ``(D) Special hardship provisions.
                    ``(E) A percentage-of-income payment plan.
                    ``(F) A payment made directly to a customer account 
                of arrearages or fees from nonpayment for services 
                provided by a community water system.
                    ``(G) Any other form of assistance identified by 
                the Administrator.
            ``(2) Household.--The term `household' means any individual 
        or group of individuals who are living together as 1 economic 
        unit.
            ``(3) Eligible household.--The term `eligible household' 
        means a household--
                    ``(A) that includes an individual who is--
                            ``(i) the holder of an account for drinking 
                        water service that is provided to that 
                        household by a community water system; or
                            ``(ii) separately billed by a landlord that 
                        holds an account with a community water system 
                        for the cost of drinking water service provided 
                        to that household; and
                    ``(B)(i) that has an income that, as determined by 
                the State in which the household is located, does not 
                exceed the greater of--
                            ``(I) an amount equal to 150 percent of the 
                        poverty level; and
                            ``(II) an amount equal to 60 percent of the 
                        State median income for that State; or
                    ``(ii) in which 1 or more individuals are 
                receiving--
                            ``(I) assistance under a State program 
                        funded under part A of title IV of the Social 
                        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
                            ``(II) supplemental security income 
                        payments under title XVI of the Social Security 
                        Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.);
                            ``(III) assistance under the Low-Income 
                        Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 
                        8621 et seq.);
                            ``(IV) supplemental nutrition assistance 
                        program benefits under the Food and Nutrition 
                        Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); or
                            ``(V) payments under--
                                    ``(aa) section 1315, 1521, 1541, or 
                                1542 of title 38, United States Code; 
                                or
                                    ``(bb) section 306 of the Veterans' 
                                and Survivors' Pension Improvement Act 
                                of 1978 (38 U.S.C. 1521 note; Public 
                                Law 95-588).
            ``(4) Poverty level.--The term `poverty level' means, with 
        respect to a household in a State, the income described in the 
        poverty guidelines issued by the Secretary of Health and Human 
        Services pursuant to section 673 of the Community Services 
        Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902), as applicable to the 
        household.
            ``(5) Small system.--The term `small system' means a 
        community water system that serves fewer than 10,000 people.
            ``(6) State median income.--The term `State median income' 
        has the meaning given that term in section 2603 of the Low-
        Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8622).
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            ``(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
        $1,500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2034 to 
        carry out this section.
            ``(2) Set-aside for indian tribes.--The Administrator shall 
        ensure that not less than 3 percent of the amounts made 
        available to carry out this section are provided as grants to 
        Indian Tribes.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Rural and low-income water assistance pilot program.--
        The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-58) 
        is amended by striking section 50109.
            (2) Definition of indian tribe.--Section 1401(14) of the 
        Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f(14)) is amended by 
        striking ``and 1459B'' and inserting ``1459B, and 1459I''.
                                 <all>
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