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UAG Series of Reports .

Prepared by World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.

These reports are for sale through the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801,
Attn: Publications. Subscription price: $9.00 a year; $2.50 additional for foreign mailing; single
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each year. Therefore, in some years the single copy rate will be less than the subscription price,
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order payable to: Department of Commerce, NOAA.

Some issues are now out of print and are available only on microfiche as indicated. Requests for micro-
fiche should be sent to World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, Co 80302,
with check or money order made payable to Department of Commerce, NOAA.

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UAG-1 —"IQSY Night Airglow Data", by L. L. Smith, F. E. Roach and J. M. McKennan of Aeronomy
Laboratory, ESSA Research Laboratories, July 1968, 305 pages, price $1.75.

UAG-2 "A Reevaluation of Solar Flares, 1964-1966", by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman of
McMath-Hulbert Observatory, The University of Michigan, August 1968, 28 pages, price
30 cents.

UAG-3 "Observations of Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission in the Range 7.6-41 MHz, 6 July 1966 F
through 8 September 1968", by James W. Warwick and George A. Dulk, Department of Astro- ;
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UAG-5 "Data on Solar Event of May 23, 1967 and its Geophysical Effects", compiled by J. Virginia
Lincoln, World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, ESSA, February 1969, 120 pages,
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ESSA Research Laboratories, March 1969, 25 pages, price 30 cents.

UAG-6 "International Geophysical Calendars 1957-1969", by A, H. Shapley and J. Virginia Lincoln, |
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pages, price (includes Parts 1 and 2) $1.75.

UAG-9 "Data on Cosmic Ray Event of November 18, 1968 and Associated Phenomena", compiled by
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UAG-10 "Atlas of Ionograms", edited by A. H. Shapley, ESSA Research Laboratories, May 1970, 243
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UAG-13 "Data on the Solar Proton Event of November 2, 1969 through the Geomagnetic Storm of November
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Atmosphere Geophysics, NOAA, May 1971, 76 pages, price 50 cents.

UAG-14 "An Experimental, Comprehensive Flare Index and Its Derivation for 'Major' Flares, 1955-1969",
compiled by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, The University
of Michigan, July 1971, 25 pages, price 30 cents.

UAG-15 "Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics", July 1971. (now obsolete).



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H-ALPHA SYNOPTIC CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY FOR THE PERIOD OF SKYLAB OBSERVATIONS
May, 1973 - March, 1974
by

Patrick S. McIntosh
NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories
Boulder, Colorado U.S.A.

Special charts have been prepared of the slowly-varying large-scale features of chromospheric
solar activity covering the period of the manned and unmanned Skylab observations, May 28, 1973 to
February 3, 1974, They are intended as one of the background or reference data packages for study
of the detailed Skylab observations and the complementary studies of corresponding phenomena from
ground-based observations.

The charts are based on once-daily standard H-alpha observations which have been interpreted
in terms of large-scale magnetic field regions according to a technique previously described
(McIntosh, 1972a, 1972b]. The data are given on the synoptic time scale of a solar rotation, much
like those in the Carte Synoptique prepared by the Meudon Observatory. Here, however, the features
are shown as they appeared when each longitude zone was 40°W of the sun's Central Meridian, with
the exceptions noted below.

There are a pair of charts for each solar rotation in the period May 3, 1973 to March 3, 1974
(Carrington rotations 1601 to 1611). The two charts are identical except one has the regions of
negative magnetic polarity shaded for emphasis, although it may be misleading to so emphasize the
polarities in regions where the boundaries or neutral lines are indistinct. Each chart is a map of
the solar globe built up from the daily observations. The latitude range is + 70°. The Carrington
longitudes are indicated at the bottom and the date of central meridian passage at the top, both by
calendar date and the ordinal day of the year (DOY). Each chart includes an overlap of 60° with
the preceding and following chart. The date in the lower right corner, e.g., 8/9/74, is the date of
preparation of this final version of the synoptic chart to distinguish it from preliminary versions.

The data shown on the charts are:

(1) distinct neutral lines (solid lines)

(2) estimated neutral lines (dashed lines)

(3) filaments (cross-hatched areas)

(4) major sunspots (large solid dots)

(5) H-alpha plage (stipple, density roughly representing brightness)

The distinct neutral lines, indicating magnetic polarity reversals [McIntosh, 1972a, 1972b],
are mapped from various H-alpha structures: filaments, filament channels, plage corridors, "iron-
filing" patterns of fibrils adjacent to active centers, and arch-filament systems. There are sev-
eral criteria for drawing in "estimated" neutral lines. Basically, they connect segments of distinct
neutral lines, but consideration is also given to the gross distribution of inferred polarities in
adjacent regions and, more importantly, on the expected continuity with previous or following solar
rotations when a distinct pattern may have been more recognizable in the same general area.

The signs of the magnetic polarities are inferred from Hale's law: leader sunspots in opposite
solar hemispheres have opposite polarities. Northern leader spots possess negative polarity during
even-numbered solar cycles, while southern leader spots are positive. Active regions from both
Cycle 20 and Cycle 21 are present during this period, distinguished by their appearance at low and
high latitudes, respectively. The polarities of all areas on the sun are inferred by beginning with
a leader sunspot, or the leading portion of a bipolar plage, and alternating polarities with each
successive neutral line. Patterns persisting from previous solar rotations are assumed to maintain
the same polarity. Magnetic polarities are verified by comparison with solar magnetograms made with
photospheric spectral lines whenever magnetogram data are available. Corrections to the inferred
polarities are usually necessary only in areas of complex patterns outlined by estimated neutral lines.

The patterns are mapped by accumulating the positions of features on H-alpha filtergrams from
several consecutive days. Seldom does a single photograph show the patterns in their complete form,
owing to the transient nature of the filaments and the variable observing conditions. Structures and
positions marked on the charts are a representation of the location and appearance of the features
during their entire disk passage. Whenever possible, the H-alpha patterns mapped are the forms seen
when the particular features were near W40° on the visible solar hemisphere. This bias toward the
West enables a more realistic comparison with energetic particle data measured near the earth. When-
ever a pattern undergoes a conspicuous change from the time of first visibility near the East limb to
the time when at W40°, the former neutral-line position is depicted as a line crossed with hachures
(e.g., see equatorial region, longitude 250°, on page 8).

1



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For two of the solar rotations we have constructed additional charts with a bias for the form
of the patterns when near East limb. These are for Rotations 1605 (see pages 12-13) and 1607 (see
pages 18-19). Such charts are useful for comparisons with other types of solar data taken at the
East limb of the sun and could be constructed for other rotations. These additional charts also
permit study of the evolution of solar regions on a time scale shorter than the usual 27-day synoptic
interval, as illustrated on pages 30-31 where these East limb charts are reprinted with the corre-
sponding preceding and following regular charts which have the deliberate bias for the Western hem-
isphere.

The systematic evolution of large-scale features of solar activity throughout this 10-month
period can be studied from the composite figure on page 32. Shown are small-scale reprints of each
of the regular synoptic charts, with the one for Rotation 1606 repeated for continuity. Proper mo-
tions are readily apparent; e.g., the movement of cells of negative polarity along the equator and
at about N30° leads to a general convergence of features in the central longitudes. Examples of
fission and fusion of elements in the patterns can also be seen.

The charts for this series were constructed from photographic prints made from daily surveys
taken at the NOAA Boulder Solar Observatory and at the solar observatory at Ramey Air Force Base,
Puerto Rico. The solar diameter on the prints was usually 12 cm, but some at 18 cm were also used.
Filaments and other clues as to the presence of a change in magnetic polarity were measured from all
the available photographs, using a Stonyhurst grid overlay. Positions can be determined to within
~vl° using this method.

These charts have been extensively revised since they first appeared in preliminary form in
Solar-Geophysical Data (Parts I and II), NOAA, EDS, Boulder, Colorado, 80302, U.S.A., and in the
weekly "Preliminary Report and Forecast of Solar Geophysical Data", NOAA, ERL, Boulder, Colorado,
80302, U.S.A.

Charts of this same kind appear in Report UAG-41 for the early part of Solar Cycle 20, cover-
ing the period October 1964 to August 1965. Other examples of this type of data presentation for
other times during this solar cycle have been provided for studies of solar cosmic rays [Roelof and
Krimigis, 1973; Roelof, 1974; Shea and Smart, 1974].

Acknowledgments

Numerous members of the NOAA Space Environment Services Center at Boulder contributed to the
construction of the preliminary versions of these charts as part of real-time support to the NASA
Skylab mission. We acknowledge with thanks Dr. Robert Howard of the Hale Observatories for provid-
‘ing synoptic versions of solar magnetograms ahead of publication, Susan Andrews and Janice Leighton
for editing and assisting with graphics, and Dean Eicher for his careful attention to detail in
maintaining a uniform style in the final stages of the graphics work. This work was performed under
NASA Contract H42710-A.

REFERENCES

McINTOSH, P. S 1972a Solar Magnetic Fields Derived from Hydrogen-Alpha Filter-
grams, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 11,
837-846.

McINTOSH, P. S. 1972b Inference of Solar Magnetic Polarities from H-Alpha

Observations, in Solar Activity Observations and Pre-
dictions, P. S. McIntosh and M. Dryer, eds., Volume 30
of Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics series,
Martin Summerfield, series editor, The MIT Press, 65-92.

ROELOF, E. C. 1974 Coronal Structure and the Solar Wind, in Solar Wind Three,
edited by C. T. Russell, Institute of Geophysics and
Planetary Physics, University of California.

ROELOF, E. C. and 1973 Analysis and Synthesis of Coronal and Interplanetary

S. M. KRIMIGIS Energetic Particle, Plasma and Magnetic Field Observations
over Three Solar Rotations, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 5375~
5410.

SHEA, M. A. and 1974 Compilation of Solar Particle and Interplanetary Measure-

D. F. SMART, eds. ments Acquired During the Campaign for Integrated Observa-

tions of Solar Flares (CINOF), AFCRL TR-74-0271, Special
Report 177, page 7.



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REPORT UAG - 40

H—ALPHA SYNOPTIC CHARTS |
OF SOLAR ACTIVITY FOR THE PERIOD

OF SKYLAB OBSERVATIONS
MAY, 1973 — MARCH, 1974

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UAG-36

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UAG-39

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(10) for 1967", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl
C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Environmental Data Service, May 1974, 142 pages, price 75 cents.

“Absorption Data for the IGY/IGC and IQSY", compiled and edited by A. H. Shapley, National
Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., W. R.

Piggott, Science Research Council, Slough, U.K., and K. Rawer, Arbeitsgruppe fiir Physikalische
Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, G.F.R., June 1974, 381 pages, price $2.00.

"Catalogue of Digital Geomagnetic Variation Data at World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial

Physics", prepared by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, July 1974, 20 pages,
price 20 cents.

"An Atlas of Extreme Ultraviolet Flashes of Solar Flares Observed Via Sudden Frequency Devia-
tions During the ATM-SKYLAB Missions", by R. F. Donnelly and E. L. Berger, NOAA Space Environ-
ment Laboratory, Lt. J. D. Busman, NOAA Commissioned Corps, B. Henson, NASA Marshall Space
Flight Center, T. B. Jones, University of Leicester, UK, G. M. Lerfald, NOAA Wave Propagation
Laboratory, K. Najita, University of Hawaii, W. M. Retallack, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory,
and W. J. Wagner, Sacramento Peak Observatory, October 1974, 95 pages, price 55 cents.

“Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(10) for 1966", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environ-
mental Data Service, December 1974, 142 pages, price 75 cents.

"Master Station List for Solar-Terrestrial Physics Data at WDC-A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics",
by R. W. Buhmann, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Juan D. Roederer, Univer-
sity of Denver, Denver, Colorado, M. A. Shea and D. F. Smart, A.F.C.R.L., Hanscom AFB, Massa-
chusetts, December 1974, 110 pages, price $1.60.

“Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(11) for 1971", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environ-
mental Data Service, February 1975, 142 pages.

USCOMM-NOAA-ASHEVILLE-3-15-75-1250

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WORLD DATA CENTER A
for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics

REPORT UAG - 40

H-ALPHA SYNOPTIC CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY
FOR THE PERIOD OF SKYLAB OBSERVATIONS

MAY, 1973 — MARCH, 1974
by

Patrick S. McIntosh

NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories
Boulder, Colorado, USA

FEBRUARY 1975

Wi,
coe pa

Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Roulder, Colorado
and published by ZB
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION ‘“
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE

Asheville, North Carolina, USA 28801

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $25.20 a year; $12.00 additional for foreign mailing; single copy price
varies.* Checks and money orders should be made payable to the Department of Commerce, NOAA.
Remittance and correspondence regarding subscriptions should be sent to the National Climatic
Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801, Attn: Publications.

*PRICE THIS ISSUE .56 CENTS



UAG-16

UAG-17

UAG-18

UAG-19

UAG-20
UAG-21

UAG-22

UAG-23

UAG-24

UAG-25

UAG-26

UAG-27

UAG-28

UAG-29

UAG-30

UAG-31

UAG-32

“Temporal Development of the Geographical Distribution of Auroral Absorption for 30 Substorm
Events in each of IQSY (1964-65) and IASY (1969)", by F. T. Berkey, V. M. Driatskiy, K.
Henriksen, D. H. Jelly, T. I. Shchuka, A. Theander and J. Yliniemi, September 1971, 131 pages ,
price 70 cents.

"Ionospheric Drift Velocity Measurements at Jicamarca, Peru (July 1967-March 1970)", by

Ben B. Balsley, Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder,
Colorado, and Ronald F. Woodman, Jicamarca Radar Observatory, Instituto Geofisico del Perd,
Lima, Peru, October 1971, 45 pages, microfiche only, price 45 cents.

"A Study of Polar Cap and Auroral Zone Magnetic Variations", by K. Kawasaki and S. -I. Akasofu,
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, June 1972, 21 pages, price 20 cents.

"Reevaluation of Solar Flares 1967", by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert
Observatory, The University of Michigan, and Marta Rovira de Miceli, San Miguel Observatory,
Argentina, June 1972, 15 pages, price 15 cents.

"Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics", October 1972. (now obsolete).

"Preliminary Compilation of Data for Retrospective World Interval July 26 - August 14, 1972",
compiled by J. Virginia Lincoln and Hope I, Leighton, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial
Physics, November 1972, 128 pages, price 70 cents.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity indices (AE) for 1970", by Joe Haskell Allen, National
Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environmental Data Service, November 1972,
146 pages, price 75 cents.

"U.R.S.I. Handbook of Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction", Second Edition, November 1972,
edited by W. R. Piggott, Radio and Space Research Station, Slough, U.K., and K. Rawer,

Arbet tegruppe fiir Physikalische Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, G.F.R., November 1972, 324 pages,
price $1.75.

"Data on Solar-Geophysical Activity Associated with the Major Ground Leyel Cosmic Ray Events
of 24 January and 1 September 1971", Parts 1 and 2, compiled by Helen E. Coffey and J. Virginia
Lincoln, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, December 1972, 462 pages, price
(includes Parts 1 and 2) $2.00.

"Observations of Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission in the Range 7.6-41 MHz, 9 September 1968
through 9 December 1971", by James W. Warwick, George A. Dulk and David G. Swann, Department
of Astro-Geophysics, University of Colorado, February 1973, 35 pages, price 35 cents.

"Data Compilation for the Magnetospherically Quiet Periods February 19-23 and November 29 -
December 3, 1970", compiled by Helen E. Coffey and J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A
for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, May 1973, 129 pages, price 70 cents.

"High Speed Streams in the Solar Wind", by D. S. Intriligator, University of Southern
California, Department of Physics, Los Angeles, California, 90007, June 1973, 16 pages,
price 15 cents.

"Collected Data Reports on August 1972 Solar-Terrestrial Events", Parts 1, 2 and 3, edited
by Helen E. Coffey, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, July 1973, 932 pages,
price (includes Parts 1-3) $4.50.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (11) for 1968", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl
C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Environmental Data Service, October 1973, 148 pages, price 75 cents.

"Catalog of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics", prepared by Environmental Data Service,
NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, October 1973, 317 pages, price $1.75.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (11) for 1969", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl
C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Environmental Data Service, February 1974, 142 pages, price 75 cents.

"Synoptic Radio Maps of the Sun at 3.3 mm for the Years 1967-1969", by Earle B. Mayfield and
Kennon P. White III, San Fernando Observatory, Space Physics Laboratory and Fred I. Shimabukuro,
Electronics Research Laboratory, Laboratory Operations, The Aerospace Corporation, E1 Segundo,
California, 90245, April 1974, 26 pages, price 35 cents.



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WORLD DATA CENTER A

National Academy of Sciences

2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. U.S.A., 20418

World Data Center A consists of the Coordination Office
and seven subcenters:

World Data Center A
Coordination Office

National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20418
Telephone (202) 389-6478

Glaciology: Rockets and Satellites:
World Data Center A: World Data Center A:
Glaciology Rockets and Satellites
U.S. Geological Survey Goddard Space Flight Center |
1305 Tacoma Avenue South Code 601
Tacoma, Washington, U.S.A. 98402 Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A. 20771
Telephone (208) 593-6506 Telephone (301) 982-6695
Longitude and Latitude Seismology, Tsunamis, Gravimetry, Earth
World Data Center A: Tides, Recent Movements of the Earth's
Longitude and Latitude Crust, Magnetic Measurements, Paleo-
U.S. Naval Observatory magnetism and Archeomagnetism, Volcanology,
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20390 Geothermics:
Telephone (202) 254-4023 World Data Center A:
Solid-Earth Geophysics
Meteorology (and Nuclear Radiation): Environmental Data Service, NOAA
World Data Center A: Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80302
Meteorology Telephone (303) 499-1000 Ext. 6311
National Climatic Center
Federal Building Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Solar and Inter-
Asheville, North Carolina, U.S.A. 28801 planetary Phenomena, Ionospheric Phenomena,
Telephone (704) 258-2850 Geomagnetic Variations, Magnetospheric and
Interplanetary Magnetic Phenomena, Flare-
Oceanography: Associated Events, Aurora, Cosmic Rays,
World Data Center A: Airglow):
Oceanography World Data Center A
National Oceanic and for Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Atmospheric Administration Environmental Data Service, NOAA
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20235 Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80302
Telephone (202) 634-7249 Telephone (303) 499-1000 Ext. 6467

Notes:

(1) World Data Centers conduct international exchange of geophysical observations in accordance
with the principles set forth by the International Council of Scientific Unions. WDC-A is
established in the United States under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences.

(2) Communications regarding data interchange matters in general and World Data Center Aasa
whole should be addressed to: World Data Center A, Coordination Office (see address above).

(3) Inquiries and communications concerning data in specific disciplines should be addressed to
the appropriate subcenter listed above.



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