Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

APPENDIX M 

CHANGES TO THE ORVS OVER TIME 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-1 

APPENDIX M 

COMPARISON OF MERCED RIVER OUTSTANDINGLY 

REMARKABLE VALUES OVER TIME (1986-PRESENT) 

SEGMENT 1: Main Stem Wilderness (Headwaters To Top Of Nevada Fall) 

Geologic/Hydrologic Outstandingly Remarkable Values (ORVs) 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft Land 

and Resource Management Plan 

Most spectacular glaciated valley in world, granite cliffs and Domes 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Glaciation, cirques, “Lost” and “Twin Bridges” hanging valley separated 

by cascades; world’s largest concentrations of granite domes 

River gradient from 13,000 to 6,000 feet, glaciers, pristine water quality, 

log jams 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans U-shaped, glacially carved canyon, cascades and soda springs below 

Washburn Lake 

Free flowing, gradient drop, glacial remnants, logjam, numerous 

cascades 

2008 Draft ORVs Glacial processes 

River gradient drop, rapid snowmelt producing high-volume spring flows 

2010 Draft ORVs Large-scale, U-shaped glacially carved canyon, above Brunell Point shows 

relationship between geology and river course 

2011 Spring Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Following the path of the ancient Merced River, glaciers gouged a 

textbook U-shaped canyon with sheer granite walls rising steeply above 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The upper Merced River canyon is a textbook example of a canyon that 

was carved by glaciers 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Condition Report 

The upper Merced River canyon is a textbook example of a glaciallycarved canyon 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 

Rationale: The cascades, soda springs, and logjam were removed as they are not rare, unique, or 

exemplary. Free-flowing conditions are an established river value. Geology experts have noted that the 

canyon is not U-shaped, yet it remains a textbook example of a glacially-carved granite canyon. The 

geologic and hydrologic river values were merged in the 2010 Draft ORV report because these values 

overlap and are best described and managed as a single value. 
APPENDIX M 

M-2 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

SEGMENT 1: Main Stem Wilderness (Headwaters To Top Of Nevada Fall) 

Biological ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft Land 

And Resource Management Plan 

Vegetation: state listed rare species 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Large specimens of western juniper above Washburn Lake, white fir 

above LYV, rare plant: Eriophyllum congdonii, rare wildlife: Mt. Lyell 

salamander, mountain yellow-legged frog, Yosemite toad 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Sierra riverine environments, high-quality riparian, meadow, aquatic 

habitats, special status-species such as mountain yellow-legged frog 

2008 Draft ORVs* Riparian and wetland habitats, rare and special-status plant and animal 

species: willow flycatcher, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, harlequin 

duck, black swift, and Tompkin’s sedge 

2010 Draft ORVs Meadows, riparian habitats, annual flooding, 8 of 9 special status animal 

species 

2011 Spring Draft Baseline Condition 

Report 

Numerous, exquisite small meadows and relatively intact adjacent 

riparian habitats support several rare bird and mammal species 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The Merced River creates numerous, small meadows and relatively intact 

adjacent riparian habitats 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Condition Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

The Merced River contains numerous small meadows and riparian habitat 

with high biological integrity 

Rationale: Special-status species were removed because they are not strictly river related or river 

dependent. The ORV was revised to include the meadow and riparian habitat in its entirety that, in 

addition, to existing U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of Fish and Game 

protocol, would serve to protect special status species and other riparian and meadow species found 

along the Merced River corridor. 

SEGMENT 1: Main Stem Wilderness (Headwaters To Top Of Nevada Fall) 

Recreational ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft Land 

and Resource Management Plan 

No Recreational ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Travel and camping in LYV, Merced Lake, Washburn Lake 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Solitude, primitive & unconfined, day hiking, backpacking, horseback 

riding and packing, camping, enjoyment of natural river sounds, untrailed 

sections 

2008 Draft ORVs Hiking, backpacking, writing, contemplation, nature study, photography, 

artistic expression, fishing, camping, and picnicking--create memories, 

traditions, and bonding 

2010 Draft ORVs Hiking and backpacking, wilderness experiences, solitude, personal 

reflection, closeness to nature, independence, self-reliance, primitive 

travel, camping, exploration, and adventure. 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-3 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

The Merced River, spectacular High Sierra landscape, dramatic scenery, 

natural sounds, and abundant opportunities for solitude combine to 

produce a variety of exceptional wilderness-oriented recreational activities. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook Visitors to federally-designated Wilderness in the corridor engage in a 

variety of activities in an iconic High Sierra landscape, where 

opportunities for primitive and unconfined recreation, self-reliance, and 

solitude shape the experience 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Condition Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 

Rationale: All specific activities were removed from the title of the ORV and an emphasis was placed 

on the river-related elements of wilderness character that are exemplary in this river segment. 

SEGMENT 1: Main Stem Wilderness (Headwaters To Top Of Nevada Fall) 

Scenic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

One of the most spectacular scenic canyons in the world, waterfalls 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Glaciated Merced Lake, Washburn Lake river Canyon; Bunnell Cascades 

and confluences of tributaries, Clark and Cathedral ranges 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Views of glaciated river canyon, Merced Lake, Washburn Lake Bunnell 

Cascades, confluence of tributaries, granite domes, Clark and Cathedral 

ranges 

2008 Draft ORVs Seasonal and daily changes, lighting on granite walls, domes, meadows, 

calm water, rushing cascades, scenic experience encourages 

interpretation and education 

2010 Draft ORVs Patternoster Lakes, Montane forest, U-shaped glacial valley, several 

scenic landmarks listed, natural setting, exceptional scenery 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Same as 2010 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook Visitors to this Wilderness segment experience scenic views of serene 

montane lakes, pristine meadows, slickrock cascades, and High Sierra 

peaks 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Condition Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Visitors to this Wilderness segment experience exemplary views of serene 

montane lakes, pristine meadows, slickrock cascades, and High Sierra 

peaks 

Rationale: Views of Bunnell Cascades and paternoster lakes were removed as they are not rare, 

unique or exemplary. Views of the Clark and Cathedral Ranges were removed as they are not always 

visible from the river corridor. A more appropriate and accurate list of exemplary High Sierra scenic 

views was subsequently developed. 
APPENDIX M 

M-4 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

SEGMENT 1: Main Stem Wilderness (Headwaters To Top Of Nevada Fall) 

Cultural ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Cultural ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Prehistoric, trans-Sierran route used for 3-4 thousand years, 24 

archeological sites, 28 historic structures at Merced Lake 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Prehistoric, trans-Sierran route used for thousands of years, prehistoric 

sites, homestead sites, trails, river crossings, HSC, and structures 

2005 MRP Same as 2000 

2008 Draft ORVs Trails along Merced for trade and cultural exchange for thousands of 

years, archeological sites, American Indian spiritual associations 

2010 Draft ORVs No Cultural ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Cultural ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Condition Report 

No Cultural ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Cultural ORV 

Rationale: The prehistoric, trans-Sierran route used for thousands of years, prehistoric sites, homestead 

sites, trails, river crossings, and the Merced Lake High Sierra Camp and structures were excluded from 

the list of ORVs as they are not rare, unique, or exemplary in a regional or national context. 

SEGMENT 2: Yosemite Valley, Top Of Nevada Fall To Former Cascades Diversion Dam

Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

Most spectacular glaciated valley in world, granite cliffs & Domes 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Largest glaciated valley in Sierra, hanging valleys, terminal moraine, 

exfoliation, exposed granite monoliths 

World-class waterfalls, flood regime, oxbows, Mirror Lake 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Glaciated U-shaped valley, mature meandering river, hanging valleys 

listed, glaciation (moraines) 

Meandering river, world-renowned waterfalls, flood regime, oxbows, 

wetlands, fluvial processes 

2008 Draft ORVs Glacial processes formed U-shaped valley, Giant Staircase, El Cap moraine, 

active rock falls 

Meandering river, hanging valleys, world-renowned waterfalls 

2010 Draft ORVs Giant Staircase, El Cap Moraine, Glacial action creating hanging valleys 

and world-renowned waterfalls, meandering and alluvial river (gentle 

gradient, flood regime, woody debris, riparian vegetation) 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions The “Giant Staircase,” which includes Vernal and Nevada Falls, is one of 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-5 

Report the finest examples of stair-step river morphology in the country. 

Yosemite Valley has exemplary glacial geology on display, from 

spectacular hanging valleys to textbook recessional moraines. 

From Happy Isles to the west end of the valley, the Merced River is a rare 

example of a mid-elevational alluvial river. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The “Giant Staircase,” which includes Vernal and Nevada Falls, is one of 

the finest examples in the western United States of stair-step river 

morphology. 

The El Capitan Moraine is an extraordinary example of a recessional 

moraine. 

The Merced River from Happy Isles to the west end of Yosemite Valley 

provides an outstanding example of a rare, mid-elevation alluvial river. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Condition Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

The “Giant Staircase,” which includes Vernal and Nevada Falls, is one of 

the finest examples in the western United States of stair-step river 

morphology. 

The Merced River from Happy Isles to the west end of Yosemite Valley 

provides an outstanding example of a rare, mid-elevation alluvial river. 

Rationale: Oxbows, wetlands, and fluvial processes are included in the biological ORV or are included 

within the expression "meandering and alluvial river." Woody debris and riparian vegetation were 

added because they are examples of alluvial river functions. In the fall 2011 workbook, The El Capitan 

Moraine and Giant Staircase were identified as independent ORVs because the management of these 

values is different than the management of the alluvial river. In the November 2012 draft 

environmental impact statement, the El Capitan Moraine ORV was removed because moraines are 

widespread across the Sierra Nevada and it is not unique or exemplary, nor is it strictly river related. 

SEGMENT 2: Yosemite Valley (Top Of Nevada Fall To Former Cascades Diversion Dam)

Biological ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

Vegetation: state-listed rare species 

Wildlife: peregrine falcon 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Half of all plant species in the park found in Valley, riparian and meadow 

areas, California black oak, wildlife habitat, listing several rare species, 

including indigenous rainbow trout 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Riparian and meadow areas, riparian wetland, riverine areas, habitat for 

river-related species, special-status species, neo-tropical songbirds, bat 

species 

2008 Draft ORVs Riparian and wetland habitats, rare and special-status plant and animal 

species: willow flycatcher, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, harlequin 

duck, black swift, and Tompkin’s sedge, Happy Isles fen 

2010 Draft ORVs Meadows, riparian vegetation, high water table, eight rare wildlife 

species, bat species, sedge species- all due to year-round water availability 
APPENDIX M 

M-6 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

The large, moist meadows and associated riparian communities comprise 

one of the largest mid-elevation meadow complexes in the Sierra Nevada, 

supporting an exceptional diversity of plant and animal species. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The meadows and riparian communities of Yosemite Valley comprise one 

of the largest mid-elevation meadow complexes in the Sierra Nevada. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 

Rationale: The Happy Isles fen and neotropical songbirds were removed because they are not river 

related or dependent. Special status species were also removed because they are not strictly river 

related or dependent. The ORV was subsequently revised to include the meadow and riparian habitat 

in its entirety, which, in addition to existing US Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of 

Fish and Game protocol, will serve to protect special status species in addition to other riparian and 

meadow species found along the Merced River corridor. 

SEGMENT 2: Yosemite Valley (Top Of Nevada Fall To Former Cascades Diversion Dam)

Recreational ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

Premier outdoor recreation area in world, picnicking, fishing, swimming, 

river rafting 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Hiking, picnicking, camping, climbing, skiing, fishing, photography, 

swimming, nature study, horseback riding, biking, sightseeing, and boating 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans River-related rec activities, nature study & sightseeing to hiking, one of the 

premier outdoor rec areas in the world 

2008 Draft ORVs Hiking, backpacking, writing, contemplation, nature study, photography, 

artistic expression, fishing, camping, and picnicking--create memories, 

traditions, and bonding, Mist Trail, swimming and floating 

2010 Draft ORVs World-renowned destination, World Heritage Site, outdoor river-related 

recreation, active pursuits listed, creative pursuits listed, opportunities for 

all ages and abilities 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

 The Valley’s incredible setting – with its striking cliffs and waterfalls 

towering above a meandering river and extensive moist meadows – 

provides for a variety of active, creative, educational, social, and reflective 

experiences. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook Visitors to Yosemite Valley enjoy a wide variety of river-related recreational 

activities in the Valley’s extraordinary setting along the Merced River 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-7 

Rationale: All specific activities were removed from the title of the ORV and an emphasis was placed 

on the river-related elements of wilderness character that are exemplary in this river segment. 

SEGMENT 2: Yosemite Valley (Top Of Nevada Fall To Former Cascades Diversion Dam)

Scenic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

One of most spectacularly scenic canyons in the world, waterfalls 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Specific examples of Waterfalls, rock cliffs, & meadows, black oak 

woodlands, interface of river, rock, meadow, and forest, 18 identified 

historic vistas 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Specific examples of waterfalls, rock cliffs, & meadows; interface of river, 

rock, meadow, and forest 

2008 Draft ORVs Specific valley views listed, depictions of the valley in early tourism posters 

encourage the creation of the NPS, scenic experience encourages interp 

and education 

2010 Draft ORVs Famous landmarks listed, compound oxbows, wetlands, and meadows, 

Montane forest and sheer rock faces create intense contrast and scenic 

river-related views 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Crashing over Nevada and Vernal Falls and then meandering quietly under 

2,000-foot cliffs, the Merced forms a placid foreground to some of the 

world’s most iconic scenery. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook Visitors to Yosemite Valley experience scenic views of some of the world’s 

most iconic scenery, with the river and meadows forming a placid 

foreground to towering cliffs and waterfalls. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Visitors to Yosemite Valley experience views of some of the world’s most 

iconic scenery, with the river and meadows forming a placid foreground 

to towering cliffs and waterfalls. 

Rationale: This ORV has remained generally consistent over time.

SEGMENT 2: Yosemite Valley (Top Of Nevada Fall To Former Cascades Diversion Dam) 

Cultural ORVs 

1986 Sierra National Forest 

Draft Forest Land and 

Resource Management Plan 

Indian sites along river, Miwok area 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley 

Housing Plan 

100 archeological sites, prehistoric people habitation, traditionally used plants, 

spiritual areas, prehistoric trail junctions, first land area and river designated for 

preservation in US, historical resources and landscapes 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Thousands of years of human occupation, archeological sites, continuing 

traditional use, designed landscapes & developed areas, historic buildings, 
APPENDIX M 

M-8 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

Plans circulation systems providing access to natural features that are culturally valuable

2008 Draft ORVs Trails along Merced for trade and cultural exchange for thousands of years, 

cultural landscapes reflecting human footprint, archeological sites, American 

Indian spiritual associations 

2010 Draft ORVs Traditional Cultural Property representing people in area before 1851 to present, 

traditionally used plants, village sites, and spiritual areas, archeological sites, riverdependent culture 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline 

Conditions Report 

The Yosemite Valley Archeological District is a nearly continuous, river-related 

archeological landscape containing dense concentrations of resources that reflect 

thousands of years of settlement. 

The Yosemite Valley potential Traditional Cultural Property (TCP) represents a rare 

connection of places and people that began before 1851 and continues to the 

present, with the river at the heart of this cultural system. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The Yosemite Valley Archeological District is a nearly continuous, river-related 

archeological landscape containing dense concentrations of resources that reflect 

thousands of years of settlement. 

The Yosemite Valley potential Traditional Cultural Property (TCP) represents a rare 

connection of places and people that began before 1851 and continues to the 

present, with the river at the heart of this cultural system. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts 

Workbook and Draft Baseline 

Condition Report 

The Yosemite Valley Archeological District is a linked landscape that contains 

dense concentrations of resources that represent thousands of years of human 

settlement along this segment of the Merced River. 

Yosemite Valley American Indian ethnographic resources include a linked 

landscape of specifically mapped, traditional-use plant populations and other 

ongoing cultural practices. 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

The Yosemite Valley Archeological District is an unusually rich and linked 

landscape that contains dense concentrations of resources that represent 

thousands of years of human settlement along this segment of the Merced River. 

Yosemite Valley American Indian ethnographic resources include a linked 

landscape of specifically mapped, traditional-use plant populations, as well as the 

ongoing traditional cultural practices that reflect the intricate continuing 

relationship between indigenous peoples of the Yosemite region and the Merced 

River in Yosemite Valley. 

Yosemite Valley Historic Resources: Represent a linked landscape of river-related or 

river dependent, rare, unique or exemplary buildings and structures that bear 

witness to the historical significance of the river system. 

Rationale: Prehistoric trail junctions and circulation systems were removed as they are not rare, 

unique, or exemplary. 

Historic buildings were removed because they are not river related or dependent. 

Circulation systems were removed because they are not rare, unique, or exemplary; most river-canyon 

circulation systems are structured similarly. 

The Yosemite Valley Archeological District was identified as a separate ORV from the ethnographic 

resources because the management strategies for these values can be different. The Yosemite Valley 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-9 

Archeological District encompasses a complete interrelated landscape of archeological resources that 

must be managed as a district. 

The term American Indian is the preferred term. 

The Yosemite Valley Historic Resources ORV was added to recognize the significance of this 

exemplary river related historic landscape and to better protect it in its entire context along the 

Merced River corridor. 

SEGMENT 3: Merced Gorge (Former Cascades Diversion Dam To Western Park Boundary)

Geologic/Hydrologic 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Transition from U-shaped, glaciated valley to V-shaped gorge 

"Young river" 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Transition from U-shaped valley to V-shaped gorge with steep gradient 

Exceptionally steep gradients (2,000 foot elevation drop in 6 miles) 

2008 Draft ORVs Glacial Processes 

River gradient drop, rapid snowmelt producing high-volume spring flows, 

rock-fall driven morphology resulting in the deposition of enormous 

boulders 

2010 Draft ORVs No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Rationale: Transition from U-shaped valley to V-shaped gorge with steep gradient was removed as it 

is not rare, unique, or exemplary; most Sierra rivers have such a transition. 

SEGMENT 3: Merced Gorge (Former Cascades Diversion Dam To Western Park Boundary)

Biological ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

Vegetation: state-listed rare species 

Wildlife: peregrine falcon 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Diverse riparian areas intact and almost entirely undisturbed, canyon live 

oak research, indigenous rainbow trout 
APPENDIX M 

M-10 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Rich and diverse riparian habitat associated with intact special status 

species that are relatively undisturbed 

2008 Draft ORVs Riparian and wetland habitats, rare and special-status plant and animal 

species: willow flycatcher, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, harlequin 

duck, black swift, & Tompkin's sedge 

2010 Draft ORVs No Biological ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Biological ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Biological ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Biological ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Biological ORV 

Rationale: Rich and diverse riparian habitat associated with intact special status species that are 

relatively undisturbed was removed as it is not rare, unique, or exemplary. 

SEGMENT 3: Merced Gorge (Former Cascades Diversion Dam To Western Park Boundary) 

Recreational ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Recreational ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Picnicking, climbing, fishing, photography, and sightseeing 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans River-related recreational opportunities: Picnicking, fishing, photography, 

and sightseeing 

2008 Draft ORVs Views of granite cliffs, roar and vibrations of river during spring runoff, 

picnicking--create memories, traditions, and bonding 

2010 Draft ORVs Scenic driving and access to several pools and beaches for swimming, 

fishing, and picnicking; natural setting and opportunities for solitude 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

The rushing and cascading river, interspersed with scheduled holes, 

provides the setting for relaxing river-related activities. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Recreational ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Condition Report 

No Recreational ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Recreational ORV 

Rationale: The recreational ORV was removed from this segment because none of the river-related or 

dependent activities are rare, unique, or exemplary. 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-11 

SEGMENT 3: Merced Gorge (Former Cascades Diversion Dam To Western Park Boundary) 

Scenic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

One of most spectacularly scenic canyons in the world, waterfalls 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

View of Pulpit Rock and Rainbow, views of specific waterfalls and rocks 

listed, V-shaped gorge; the river and its cascades 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Views of the Cascades, spectacular rapids among giant boulders, views of 

specific waterfalls and rocks listed 

2008 Draft ORVs Seasonal and daily changes, lighting on granite walls, calm water, rushing 

cascades, scenic experience encourages interpretation and education 

2010 Draft ORVs Narrow gorge, massive boulders, canyon walls and cliffs, waterfalls, 

parades of color 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Descending 2,000 feet in 14 miles, the river is a continuous cascade under 

spectacular Sierra granite outcrops and domes. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The Merced River drops 2,000 feet over 14 miles; a continuous cascade 

under spectacular Sierra granite outcrops and domes. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Condition Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

The Merced River drops 2,000 feet over 14 miles, a continuous cascade 

under exemplary Sierra granite outcrops and domes. 

Rationale: Present language is consistent with statements made in the past. 

SEGMENT 3: Merced Gorge (Former Cascades Diversion Dam To Western Park Boundary) 

Cultural ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

Indian sites along river, Miwok area 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Archeological sites in the Cascades area 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plan Prehistoric sites and historic sites & structures such as those relating to 

historic engineering projects 

2008 Draft ORVs Trails along Merced for trade and cultural exchange for thousands of 

years, archeological sites, American Indian spiritual associations 

2010 Draft ORVs No Cultural ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Cultural ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Cultural ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Cultural ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Cultural ORV 
APPENDIX M 

M-12 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

Rationale: Prehistoric sites and historic sites & structures such as those relating to historic engineering 

projects were removed as they are not rare, unique, or exemplary. 

SEGMENT 4: El Portal (Parkline To El Portal Administrative Site Boundary) 

Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

Contact between metasedimentary & granitic rocks 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Transition from igneous to meta-sedimentary rocks--possibly oldest in 

Sierra Nevada 

Continuous rapids throughout segment 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Transition from igneous to metasedimentary rocks--among oldest in Sierra 

Nevada 

Continuous rapids 

2008 Draft ORVs Glacial Processes 

2010 Draft ORVs No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Changing river gradients, glacial history, and powerful floods created a 

boulder bar whose huge boulders are much larger than typically found in 

such deposits. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

The boulder bar in El Portal was created by changing river gradients, 

glacial history, and powerful floods. These elements have resulted in 

accumulation of extraordinary, large boulders, which are rare in such 

deposits. 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 

Rationale: The language was revised to more clearly explain the origin of the boulder bar in El Portal. 

Transition from igneous to meta-sedimentary rocks--among oldest in Sierra Nevada was removed as it 

is not rare, unique, or exemplary (occurring on most rivers flowing west from the Sierra crest). 

SEGMENT 4: El Portal (Parkline To El Portal Administrative Site Boundary) 

Biological ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

Vegetation: state-listed rare species 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Rare plant species listed, valley elderberry longhorn beetle and its habitat, 

spotted owl habitat, riparian zone for wildlife species 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-13 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Riverine habitats: riparian woodlands associated with special-status 

species, Tompkin's sedge and Valley elderberry longhorn beetle and its 

habitat; riparian zone for wildlife species 

2008 Draft ORVs Riparian and wetland habitats, rare and special-status plant and animal 

species: willow flycatcher, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, harlequin 

duck, black swift, & Tompkin's sedge 

2010 Draft ORVs No Biological ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Valley oaks (Quercus lobata), a regionally rare species, thrive in this area 

due to its high water table. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Biological ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Valley oaks (Quercus lobata), a regionally rare species, occur in the El 

Portal area. 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Biological ORV 

Rationale: Tompkin's sedge and valley elderberry longhorn beetle were removed because they are not 

river related or dependent. Riverine habitats: riparian woodlands associated with special-status species 

were removed as they are not rare, unique, or exemplary. 

Valley oaks (Quercus lobata) were initially added due to public correspondence. In the January 2013 

draft environmental impact statement, the valley oaks ORV was removed as valley oaks are widespread 

across California and the Sierra Nevada foothills and, while commonly located along drainages and in 

low lying wet areas, are not strictly river related or dependent. The EL Portal stand of valley oaks were 

determined to not be rare or exemplary as larger specimens of valley oaks occur in the greater 

Yosemite Region, along the Merced River, downstream of the park and along river tributaries. 

SEGMENT 4: El Portal (Parkline To El Portal Administrative Site Boundary) 

Recreational ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

Whitewater boating 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Whitewater use (class III to V) and fishing 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Range of river-related rec opportunities, white-water rafting and kayaking 

(class III to V) and fishing 

2008 Draft ORVs Hiking, backpacking, writing, contemplation, nature study, photography, 

artistic expression, fishing, camping, and picnicking--create memories, 

traditions, and bonding 

2010 Draft ORVs No Recreational ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

The largely natural setting of the rivers provides for memorable active, 

contemplative, and creative pursuits. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Recreational ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook No Recreational ORV 
APPENDIX M 

M-14 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Recreational ORV 

Rationale: Recreational ORV in this segment has been removed because the representative activities 

were not rare, unique, or exemplary. 

SEGMENT 4: El Portal (Parkline To El Portal Administrative Site Boundary) 

Scenic ORV 

Rationale: The Scenic ORV was included in the 2008 Draft ORVs but removed as the scenery in this 

segment was determined not to be unique, rare or exemplary. 

SEGMENT 4: El Portal (Parkline To El Portal Administrative Site Boundary) 

Cultural ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

El Portal, old mining town, rail-road exhibit 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Native American habitation; 17 archeological sites, including burials, 

historic structures; logging railroad incline 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Some of the oldest archeological sites in Yosemite, historic Indian villages 

and gathering places, historic structures related to early tourism and 

industrial development 

2008 Draft ORVs Trails along Merced for trade and cultural exchange for thousands of 

years, archeological sites, American Indian spiritual associations 

2010 Draft ORVs Important place of settlement, subsistence, and trade along the River; 

village sites; some of the oldest archeological deposits in the Sierra 

foothills (9,500 years), Johnny Wilson Ranch (American Indian Homestead) 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

With its temperate climate and abundant subsistence resources, El Portal 

was a crossroads of life and trade, with the river linking the lifeways of 

peoples from the historic and prehistoric past, both in California and 

beyond. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The El Portal Archeological District contains dense concentrations of 

resources that represent thousands of years of occupation and evidence of 

continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. This segment includes some of 

the oldest deposits in the region and the Johnny Wilson Ranch, a 

regionally rare historic-era American Indian Homestead. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

The El Portal Archeological District contains dense concentrations of 

resources that represent thousands of years of occupation and evidence of 

continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

The El Portal Archeological District contains dense concentrations of 

resources that represent thousands of years of occupation and evidence of 

continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. This segment includes some of 

the oldest deposits in the region, including the archeological remains of 

the Johnny Wilson Ranch, a regionally rare historic-era American Indian 

Homestead. 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-15 

Rationale: Historic structures related to early tourism and industrial development were removed as 

they are not rare, unique, or exemplary, occurring in many resort areas along rivers in the country. The 

Johnny Wilson Ranch was added because it is rare, unique, and exemplary. The El Portal 

Archeological District was identified as a Cultural ORV because it encompasses a complete 

interrelated landscape of archeological resources that must be managed as a district.

SEGMENT 5: South Fork Merced River Above Wawona (Headwaters To Top Of 

Pool At Wawona Impoundment) 

 

Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

The South Fork was not included in the 1986 ORVs 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

V-Shaped canyons due to extremely hard rock, moraine meadows, hot 

sulphur springs above Gravely Ford, Paternoster lakes 

Free-flowing river and pristine water quality 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Glaciated valleys in high country and V-shaped canyons above Wawona; 

moraine meadows and soda springs above Gravelly Ford are river-related 

geologic features 

Free-flowing river and excellent water quality 

2008 Draft ORVs Glacial Processes 

River gradient drop, rapid snowmelt producing high-volume spring flows 

2010 Draft ORVs No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Rationale: The glaciated valleys in the high country, and V-shaped canyons above Wawona, and 

moraine meadows and soda springs above Gravelly Ford were removed as they are not rare, unique, or 

exemplary. Free-flowing conditions and water quality are established river values. 

SEGMENT 5: South Fork Merced River Above Wawona (Headwaters To Top Of 

Pool At Wawona Impoundment) 

Biological ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Biological ORV 
APPENDIX M 

M-16 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Rare wildlife species, including Wawona riffle beetle & mountain yellowlegged frog 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Riverine environments typical of Sierra; examples of special-status species, 

including Wawona riffle beetle & mountain yellow-legged frog 

2008 Draft ORVs Riparian and wetland habitats, rare and special-status plant and animal 

species: willow flycatcher, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, harlequin 

duck, black swift, & Tompkin's sedge 

2010 Draft ORVs Meadows, riparian habitats, depend on annual flooding, 8 of the 9 special 

status animal species. 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Biological ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Biological ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

The Merced River creates numerous, exquisite small meadows and 

relatively intact adjacent riparian habitats. 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

The Merced River sustains numerous small meadows and riparian habitat 

with high biological integrity. 

Rationale: Wawona riffle beetle and mountain yellow-legged frog were removed because they are not 

river related or dependent. 

SEGMENT 5: South Fork Merced River Above Wawona (Headwaters To Top Of 

Pool At Wawona Impoundment) 

Recreational ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Recreational ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Pristine wilderness values; no trails along river 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plan River-related solitude, enjoyment of natural river sounds, primitive & 

unconfined recreation; predominantly without trails, except 4 bridgeless 

trail crossings in the upper segment 

2008 Draft ORVs Hiking, backpacking, writing, contemplation, nature study, photography, 

artistic expression, fishing, camping, and picnicking--create memories, 

traditions, and bonding 

2010 Draft ORVs Dramatic scenery, natural sounds, hiking & backpacking, wilderness 

experiences, solitude, personal reflection, closeness to nature, 

independence, self-reliance, primitive travel, camping, exploration, & 

adventure. 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

The Merced River, spectacular High Sierra landscape, dramatic scenery, 

natural sounds, and abundant opportunities for solitude combine to 

produce a variety of exceptional wilderness-oriented recreational activities. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Recreational ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Recreational ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Recreational ORV 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-17 

Rationale: The recreational ORV in this segment has been removed because the representative 

activities were not rare, unique, or exemplary. 

SEGMENT 5: South Fork Merced River Above Wawona (Headwaters To Top Of 

Pool At Wawona Impoundment) 

Scenic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Scenic ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Views of Triple Divide Peak and Sierra Crest 

2000 & 2005 Merced River Plan Views of unique river features: large pothole pools in slick rock cascades, 

old growth forest, and meadows 

2008 Draft ORVs Seasonal and daily changes, lighting on granite walls, domes, meadows, 

calm water, rushing cascades, scenic experience encourages interpretation 

and education 

2010 Draft ORVs Largely inaccessible; few trail crossings; unspoiled Sierra Nevada river 

valley views dominated by forest-cloaked hills, distant peaks, and an 

untamed river; some of the wildest views possible in the Sierra Nevada. 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Passing through an untrammeled forested wilderness, the South Fork 

Merced River forms the centerpiece of some of the Sierra’s wildest 

scenery. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The South Fork Merced River passes through a vast area of natural scenic 

beauty. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

The South Fork Merced River passes through a vast area of exemplary and 

wild scenic beauty. 

Rationale: This ORV has remained generally consistent over time. 

SEGMENT 5: South Fork Merced River Above Wawona (Headwaters To Top Of 

Pool At Wawona Impoundment) 

Cultural ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Cultural ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Archeological sites and historical properties; large expanse of wilderness 
APPENDIX M 

M-18 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plan River-related prehistoric sites and resources; historic stock use and cavalry 

activities 

2008 Draft ORVs Trails along Merced for trade and cultural exchange for thousands of 

years, archeological sites, American Indian spiritual associations 

2010 Draft ORVs Finding seasonal trade, travel, and subsistence opportunities along the 

South Fork Merced, Native Americans left behind regionally rare rock ring 

features with wooden remains. 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Finding seasonal trade, travel, and subsistence opportunities along the 

South Fork Merced, American Indians left behind regionally rare, 

prehistoric rock-ring features with wooden remains. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The Wawona Archeological District encompasses numerous clusters of 

resources spanning thousands of years of occupation, including evidence 

of continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. 

The South Fork of the Merced River includes regionally rare evidence of 

indigenous settlement including prehistoric rock ring features with 

wooden remains. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

The Wawona Archeological District encompasses numerous clusters of 

resources spanning thousands of years of occupation, including evidence 

of continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. 

This segment includes regionally rare evidence of indigenous settlement 

along the South Fork Merced River, including prehistoric rock ring features 

with wooden remains. 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

The Wawona Archeological District encompasses numerous clusters of 

resources spanning thousands of years of occupation, including evidence 

of continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. 

This segment includes regionally rare archeological features representing 

indigenous settlement and use along the South Fork Merced River at 

archeological sites with rock ring features. 

Rationale: Historic stock use and cavalry activities were removed because they are not river related or 

dependent, nor are they rare, unique, or exemplary. 

The term American Indian is the preferred term. 

It was specified that the rare rock ring features are prehistoric. 

The Wawona Archeological District was added because it encompasses a complete interrelated 

landscape of archeological resources that must be managed as a district. This district spans 

Segments 5-8. 

SEGMENT 6: Wawona Impoundment (Top Of Pool At Wawona Impoundment 

To 200 Feet Below Dam) 

Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

The South Fork was not included in the 1986 ORVs 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Excellent water quality 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-19 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Same as 1996 

2008 Draft ORVs No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2010 Draft ORVs No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Rationale: Water quality was removed as it is an established river value. 

SEGMENT 6: Wawona Impoundment (Top Of Pool At Wawona Impoundment 

To 200 Feet Below Dam) 

Recreational ORV 

Rationale: Sightseeing, fishing, photography, and hiking were included as an ORV in 1996 Draft 

Yosemite Valley Housing Plan but removed from subsequent drafts as these recreational activities are 

not strictly river related or dependent. 

SEGMENT 6: Wawona Impoundment, Top Of Pool At Wawona Impoundment 

To 200 Feet Below Dam 

Scenic ORV 

Rationale: Views of the river and Wawona Dome were included as an ORV in the 1996 Draft 

Yosemite Valley Plan but removed because they were determined not to be rare, unique or exemplary. 

SEGMENT 6: Wawona Impoundment (Top Of Pool At Wawona Impoundment 

To 200 Feet Below Dam) 

Cultural ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Cultural ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Archeological sites and historic properties 
APPENDIX M 

M-20 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

2000 & 2005 Merced River Plan No Cultural ORV 

2008 Draft ORVs No Cultural ORV 

2010 Draft ORVs No Cultural ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Cultural ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The Wawona Archeological District encompasses numerous clusters of 

resources spanning thousands of years of occupation, including evidence 

of continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 

Rationale: The Wawona Archeological District was added as an independent ORV because it 

encompasses a complete interrelated landscape of archeological resources that must be managed as a 

district. This district spans Segments 5-8. 

SEGMENT 7: Wawona (200 Feet Below Dam Wawona Impoundment To Squirrel Creek)

Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

The South Fork was not included in the 1986 ORVs 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Moraines; geomorphology of Wawona Meadow; Wawona Dome 

Excellent water quality 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plan Excellent water quality 

2008 Draft ORVs Glacial Processes 

Low gradient slows river, rapid snowmelt producing high-volume spring 

flows 

2010 Draft ORVs No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Rationale: ORV was removed as water quality is an established river value. Low-gradient and highvolume spring flows are not rare, unique, or exemplary. 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-21 

SEGMENT 7: Wawona (200 Feet Below Dam Wawona Impoundment To Squirrel Creek) 

Biological ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Biological ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Rare wildlife species and rare plant species listed (including Myrica 

hartwegii); Wawona Meadow rare—threatened plant community in 

California, contains high species diversity, wetlands, & specialized habitats 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Diversity of river-related species, wetlands, and riparian habitats; Special 

status species, including Wawona riffle beetle 

2008 Draft ORVs Riparian and wetland habitats, rare and special-status plant and animal 

species: willow flycatcher, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, harlequin 

duck, black swift, & Tompkin's sedge 

2010 Draft ORVs Sierra sweet bay (Myrica hartwegii), a rare plant found exclusively on river 

banks in the central Sierra, occurs along the South Fork in this segment 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Same as 2010 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The Sierra sweet bay (Myrica hartwegii) is a rare plant found along the 

South Fork Merced River. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 

Rationale: Diversity of river-related species, wetlands, and riparian habitats were removed as they are 

not rare, unique, or exemplary, with the exception of Myrica hartwegii. Special-status species, 

including Wawona riffle beetle, were removed because they are not river related or dependent. 

SEGMENT 7: Wawona (200 Feet Below Dam Wawona Impoundment To Squirrel Creek) 

Recreational ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Recreational ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Hiking, picnicking, camping, skiing, fishing, photography, swimming, 

nature study, horseback riding, biking, sightseeing, and boating 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Opportunities to experience a spectrum of river-related recreational 

activities, from nature study and photography to hiking 

2008 Draft ORVs Hiking, backpacking, writing, contemplation, nature study, photography, 

artistic expression, fishing, camping, and picnicking--create memories, 

traditions, and bonding 

2010 Draft ORVs Largely natural setting allowing visitors to easily connect with river; several 

pools and beaches; swimming, relaxing, and fishing; camping allows 

visitors to be close to river overnight 
APPENDIX M 

M-22 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

The largely natural setting of the rivers provides for memorable active, 

contemplative, and creative pursuits. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Recreational ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Recreational ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Recreational ORV 

Rationale: The recreational ORV in this segment has been removed because the representative 

activities were not rare, unique, or exemplary. 

SEGMENT 7: Wawona (200 Feet Below Dam Wawona Impoundment To Squirrel Creek) 

Scenic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Scenic ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Views of Wawona Dome; the free-flowing river; historic vistas; view of 

confluence and cascades of Chilnualna Creek; confluence of Big Creek 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Views of Wawona Dome 

2008 Draft ORVs Seasonal and daily changes, lighting on granite walls, domes, meadows, 

calm water, rushing cascades, scenic experience encourages interpretation 

and education 

2010 Draft ORVs No Scenic ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Scenic ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Scenic ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Scenic ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Scenic ORV 

Rationale: Views of Wawona Dome were removed as they are not rare, unique, or exemplary. 

SEGMENT 7: Wawona (200 Feet Below Dam Wawona Impoundment To Squirrel Creek) 

Cultural ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Cultural ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Over 60 prehistoric and historic archeology sites, traditional plant 

gathering; historic structures: Wawona hotel, pioneer historic center, 

Galen Clark homestead, Stella Lake; historic sites in Wawona Meadow 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-23 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Thousands of years of human occupation, including numerous prehistoric 

and historic Indian villages; historic sites, structures, and landscape 

features related to tourism, early Army and NPS admin, and homesteading 

2008 Draft ORVs Trails along Merced for trade and cultural exchange for thousands of years, 

archeological sites, American Indian spiritual associations; covered bridge 

built by Galen Clark in 1868 as an open truss span (covered in 1875) 

2010 Draft ORVs Flowing through a broad basin, the South Fork Merced provided the 

water and location necessary for prehistoric settlements, for the AfricanAmerican buffalo soldiers, and for more recent settlers, who left behind 

evidence of far-reaching traffic and trade, significant archeological sites, 

and one of very few covered bridges in the region. 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

With its year-round water and level terrain for settlement, the Wawona 

Archeological District is composed of dense clusters of historic and 

prehistoric river-related sites that provide evidence of far-reaching traffic 

and trade. 

Physical remnants of U.S. Army Cavalry Camp A. E. Wood document the 

unique Yosemite legacy of the African-American Buffalo Soldiers, who 

founded their camps near the river’s strategic water source and related 

ecological habitat. 

Built to connect human developments on both sides of the South Fork 

Merced River, the Wawona Covered Bridge is one of only a few covered 

bridges in the region. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The Wawona Archeological District encompasses numerous clusters of 

resources spanning thousands of years of occupation, including evidence 

of continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. 

In this segment, remains of the U.S. Army Cavalry Camp A. E. Wood 

document the unique Yosemite legacy of the African-American Buffalo 

Soldiers and the strategic placement of their camp near the Merced River. 

The Wawona Covered Bridge is one of the few covered bridges in the 

region. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

The Wawona Archeological District encompasses numerous clusters of 

resources spanning thousands of years of occupation, including unusually 

rich evidence of continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. In this 

segment, remains of the U.S. Army Cavalry Camp A.E. Wood document 

the unique Yosemite legacy of the African-American Buffalo Solider and 

the strategic placement of their camp near the Merced River. 

The Wawona Historic Resources ORV includes one of the few covered 

bridges in the region and the National Historic Landmark Wawona Hotel 

complex. The Wawona Hotel complex is the largest existing Victorian 

hotel complex within the boundaries of a national park, and one of the 

few remaining in the United States with this high level of integrity. 

Rationale: The Wawona Archeological District was added as an independent ORV because it 

encompasses a complete interrelated landscape of archeological resources that must be managed as a 

district. This district spans Segments 5-8. Camp A.E. Wood was added as an independent ORV 

because it represents a specific archeological resource that merits protection under this plan. 
APPENDIX M 

M-24 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

SEGMENT 8: South Fork Merced River Below Wawona (Squirrel Creek To 

Western Park Boundary) 

Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

The South Fork was not included in the 1986 ORVs 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Transition from glaciated to un-glaciated canyon 

Continual whitewater cascades and excellent water quality 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Transition from Paleozoic Era igneous to Cretaceous Period metasedimentary rock (among oldest in Sierra) 

Free-flowing river with continual white-water cascades 

2008 Draft ORVs Glacial processes 

White water cascades in a deep, narrow canyon through a wild 

environment; rock fall-driven morphology resulting in deposition of 

enormous boulders, rapid snowmelt producing high-volume spring flows 

2010 Draft ORVs No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Geologic/Hydrologic ORV 

Rationale: Transition from Paleozoic Era igneous to Cretaceous Period metasedimentary rock 

(among oldest in Sierra) was removed as it is not rare, unique, or exemplary. Free-flowing condition is 

an established river value. Additionally, white water cascades are not rare, unique or exemplary. 

SEGMENT 8: South Fork Merced River Below Wawona (Squirrel Creek To 

Western Park Boundary) 

Biological ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Biological ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Rare plant species listed (but not Myrica hartwegii); rare wildlife species, 

including Wawona riffle beetle and rainbow trout 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Diverse riparian areas that are intact and undisturbed by humans; specialstatus species, including Wawona riffle beetle 

2008 Draft ORVs Riparian and wetland habitats, rare and special-status plant and animal 

species: willow flycatcher, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, harlequin 

duck, black swift, and Tompkin's sedge 

2010 Draft ORVs Sierra sweet bay (Myrica hartwegii), a rare plant found exclusively on river 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-25 

banks in the central Sierra, occurs along the South Fork in these segments.

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Same as 2010 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The Sierra sweet bay (Myrica hartwegii), is a rare plant found along the 

South Fork Merced River. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 

Rationale: Myrica hartwegii was added because it is rare and river-dependent, found on the S. Fork 

river banks and those of a few other streams in the Sierra. Wawona riffle beetle was removed because it 

is not river related or dependent. 

SEGMENT 8: South Fork Merced River Below Wawona (Squirrel Creek To 

Western Park Boundary) 

Recreational ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Recreational ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Fishing and wilderness inaccessibility and solitude 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Outstanding opportunities for river-related solitude, enjoyment of natural 

river sounds, primitive & unconfined recreation in an untrailed, 

undisturbed environment; river related recreation includes hiking, fishing, 

& white-water kayaking. 

2008 Draft ORVs Hiking, backpacking, writing, contemplation, nature study, photography, 

artistic expression, fishing, camping, and picnicking--create memories, 

traditions, and bonding. 

2010 Draft ORVs Hiking and backpacking, wilderness experiences, solitude, personal 

reflection, closeness to nature, independence, self-reliance, primitive 

travel, camping, exploration, & adventure; off-trail hiking and class V 

kayaking. 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

The Merced River, spectacular High Sierra landscape, dramatic scenery, 

natural sounds, and abundant opportunities for solitude combine to 

produce a variety of exceptional wilderness-oriented recreational activities. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook No Recreational ORV 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

No Recreational ORV 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

No Recreational ORV 

Rationale: The Recreation ORV was removed from this segment because the representative activities 

were not rare, unique, or exemplary.
APPENDIX M 

M-26 Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS

SEGMENT 8: South Fork Merced River Below Wawona (Squirrel Creek To 

Western Park Boundary) 

Scenic ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Scenic ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Views of continual whitewater cascades in a deep and narrow canyon 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Views of continual white-water cascades in the deep and narrow river 

canyon in untrailed, undisturbed environment 

2008 Draft ORVs Seasonal and daily changes, calm water, rushing cascades, scenic 

experience encourages interpretation and education 

2010 Draft ORVs Largely inaccessible; no trail crossings; unspoiled Sierra Nevada river valley 

views dominated by forest-cloaked hills, distant peaks, and an untamed 

river; some of the wildest views possible in the Sierra Nevada. 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

Passing through an untrammeled forested wilderness, the South Fork 

Merced River forms the centerpiece of some of the Sierra’s wildest 

scenery. 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The South Fork Merced River passes through a vast area of exemplary and 

wild scenic beauty. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 

Rationale: Views of continual white-water cascades in the deep and narrow river canyon in untrailed, 

undisturbed environment were removed because they are not rare, unique, or exemplary. The ORV 

was revised to include the overall scenic beauty of this segment of the river. 

SEGMENT 8: South Fork Merced River Below Wawona (Squirrel Creek To 

Western Park Boundary) 

Cultural ORV 

1986 Sierra National Forest Draft 

Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan 

No Cultural ORV 

1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing 

Plan 

Archeological sites and historic properties 

2000 and 2005 Merced River Plans Archeological sites and historic resources such as trail segments 

representing early cavalry activity 

2008 Draft ORVs Trails along Merced for trade and cultural exchange for thousands of 

years, archeological sites, American Indian spiritual associations 

2010 Draft ORVs No Cultural ORV 
Comparison of Merced River ORVs Over Time (1986-present) 

Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan / DEIS M-27 

Spring 2011 Draft Baseline Conditions 

Report 

No Cultural ORV 

2011 Fall Planning Workbook The Wawona Archeological District encompasses numerous clusters of 

resources spanning thousands of years of occupation, including evidence 

of continuous, far-reaching traffic and trade. 

2012 Preliminary Concepts Workbook 

and Draft Baseline Conditions Report 

Same as fall 2011 

2013 Draft Comprehensive 

Management Plan and EIS 

Same as 2012 

Rationale: This ORV was revised to include the entire Wawona Archeological District. 

SEGMENTS 1-8 

Air Quality and Scientific Resource ORVs 

Rationale: Air Quality was included as an ORV in the 1996 Draft Yosemite Valley Housing Plan and was 

removed as it was determined to be inconsistent with Interagency Council criteria and not strictly river 

related or river dependent. The Scientific Resource ORV, also included in the 1996 housing plan and 

the 2000, and 2005 draft Merced River plans, was removed. It was determined that this ORV was vague 

and non-specific. Science is inherent to other specific values. 

* The 2008 Draft ORVs were formulated under a "corridorwide" scale. Examples were cited but not intended to 

be all inclusive