# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
No. 1 4- 17 97

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.

Crai g R . Green

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

__ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Eas te rn Dis tri ct of M is so ur i - St . Lou is

__ __ __ __ __ __
Su bm it te d: Decem

be r 8, 2 01 4 Fil ed : J an ua ry

23 , 20 15 [Un pu bl is he d]

__ __ __ __ __ __ Befo re WOL LMAN, COLLOTON , and BENTON, Circu it Ju dg es

.

__ __ __ __ __ __

PER CURI AM.

The di st ric t co ur t rev ok ed Crai g Gree n ’s te rm of su pe rv is ed rel eas e an d 1

se nt en ced hi m to th irt y -th ree m on th s’ im pr is on m en t aft er fin di ng th at he ha d vi ol at ed

The Hon or ab le Aud rey G. Fl ei ss ig
, Uni te d St at e s D i s t ric t Ju dg e fo r th e 1 East ern Dis tri ct of M is so ur i.th e co nd it io ns of hi s re le as e b y co m m it ti ng , am on g o th er v io la ti on s, an ot he r cri m e. W e aff irm.

Green was on su pe rv is ed rel eas e aft er a pe rio d of in carc erat io n fo r arm ed ba nk

ro bb ery. On Feb ru ary 27
, 20 14
, Green ’s pr ob at io n of fic er pe ti ti on ed to rev ok e hi s

su pe rv is ed rel eas e, no ti ng m ul ti pl e vi ol at io ns of th e co nd it io ns of rel eas e, in cl ud in g th at of c om m it ti ng an ot he r cri m e.

At th e ti m e of th e rev oc at io n he ari ng , Green ha d be en a r r e s t e d f or , bu t no t ch arg ed wit h, fir st -d eg ree as sa ul t. Green co nc ed ed at th e he ari ng th at he ha d vi ol at ed

va rio us co nd it io ns o f r e l e a s e, bu t he cl ai m ed th at he ha d no t co m m it te d an ot he r cri m e. The go ve rn m en t of fere d th e te st im on y of se ve nt een -y ear- ol d A.J. an d a de te ct iv e. A.J. test ifi ed th at sh e an d C.L. were walk in g afte r sc ho ol whe n C .L. was

acco st ed by s ev eral in di vi du al s, i nc lu di ng two of Green ’s s on s. Acco rd in g to A.J., whe n C

. L. tri ed to fle e, a si lv er car tra ve li ng at le as t twen ty m il es an ho ur hi t hi m , th en dr ov e of

f. A.J. ran , th en he ard a gu ns ho t. Sh e th en ret ur ne d to as si st C.L., who ha d be en sh ot in th e he ad

. A.J. la te r id en ti fie d Green in a ph ot o li ne up as th e dr iv er of th e car th at h a d h i t C

. L. be fo re th e sh oo ti ng

. Afte r th e de te ct iv e sh owe d A.J. a pi ct ur e of a Bu ic k th at Green an d h is wife joi nt ly own ed
, A.J. con fir m ed th at it was th e ve hi cl e th at ha d hi t C.L. The de te ct iv e te st ifi ed th at th e ve hi cl e was “ ta nn is hs i l v e r ” o r “ ta n.” Green ’s wi fe te st ifi ed th at th e car was “ go ld is h- ta n,” th at sh e was ho m e fo r m os t of th e da y on whi ch th e in ci de nt to ok pl ace, an d th at sh e ne ve r no ti ced th e car le av in g th e dr iv eway. The di st ric t co ur t f o u n d b y a pr ep on de ran ce of th e

e v i d en ce th at Green ha d co m m it te d ei th er fir st - or se co nd -d eg ree as sa ul t an d

se nt en ced hi m to th e lo wer en d of th e Uni te d St at es Sen te nc in g Gui de li ne s (Gu id el in es ) ran ge of t hi rty-th ree t o t hi rty-si x m on th s.

Green arg ue s th at th e go ve rn m en t di d no t es ta bl is h by a pr ep on de ran ce of th e

ev id en ce th at he h a d c o mm it te d an ot he r cri m e. Green cl ai m s th at th e po li ce us ed

su gg es ti ve m et ho ds to el ic it A.J.’s id en ti fic at io n of hi s ve hi cl e a s th e on e th at hi t

-2

-C.L., an d he al so ci te s in co ns is te nc ie s in th e wit ne ss es ’ te st im on y reg ard in g th e co lo r

of th e v eh ic le

.

W e rev ie w th e di st ric t co ur t’s un de rlyin g fact fin di ng fo r cl ear erro r. Uni te d
St at es v. Caro th ers , 33 7 F

. 3 d 1 0 1 7
, 10 19 (8 th Ci r. 20 03 ). The co ur t’s cred ib il it y de te rm in at io ns are vi rtu al ly un rev ie wab le on ap pe al

. U nit ed St at es v. Hern an de z, 28 1
F.3 d 74 6, 74 8 (8 th Ci r. 20 02 ). The in co ns is t e n c i e s i n th e wit ne ss es ’ te st im on y
reg ard in g th e co lo r of th e ve hi cl e in vo lv ed in th e in ci de nt were for t he fact fin de r to

res ol ve

. See Dod d v. Nix
, 48 F.3 d 10 71
, 10 74 -7 5 (8 th Ci r. 19 95 ). The di st ric t co ur t fo un d t ha t A.J.’s te st im on y was cred ib le , a nd it was e nt it le d t o c red it he r te st im on y

ov er th at of Green ’s wife

. Mo reo ve r, th at A.J. was sh own a pi ct ur e of on ly th e Bu ic k

an d no t, as Green st y le s th em , “ pl aceb o ph ot os ” of ot he r ve hi cl es di d n o t r e nd er

su sp ect he r id en ti fic at io n of th e car th at ha d hi t C.L. See Jo hn so n v. Su bl et t, 63 F.3 d
92 6, 93 2 (9 th Ci r. 19 95 ) (n ot in g th at “ li ne -u ps ” are no t req ui red fo r id en ti fic at io n of ph y si cal ev id en ce s uc h a s v eh ic le s) . In s um , we co nc lu de th at th e di st ric t cou rt di d

no t co m m it cl ear erro r in fin di ng by a pr ep on de ran ce of th e ev id en ce th at Green ha d

co m m it te d a no th er cr im e.

Green al so arg ue s th at hi s se nt en ce was su bs ta nt iv el y un r e a so na bl e. W e

rev ie w th e su bs ta nt iv e r e a s on ab le ne ss of a rev oc at io n se nt en ce un de r an ab us e-o fdi sc ret io n st an da rd
, an d we pr es um e th at a se nt en ce wi th in th e ad vi so ry Gui de li ne s

ran ge is reas on ab le

. Uni te d S t a t es v. Pet rei ki s, 55 1 F.3 d 82 2, 82 4 (8 th Ci r. 20 09 ).
Green do es no t ch al le ng e th e cal cu la ti on of th e Gui de li ne s ran ge , an d in li gh t of th e fact or s li st ed in 18 U.S.C. § 3 55 3( a), i nc lu di ng Green ’s hi st or y an d th e se rio us ne ss of th e cri m e he was fo un d to ha ve co m m it te d, th e di st ric t co ur t di d n ot ab us e it s di sc ret io n i n s en te nc in g Gre en to th irt y -th ree m on th s’ in carc erat io n.

The jud gm en t i s af

fir m ed

.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

-3

-