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DIRECTORY OF UNITED STATES

STANDARDIZATION ACTIVITIES

Joan E. Hartman

Institute for Applied Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C.

National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication 288 Issued August 1, 1967

(Supersedes Miscellaneous Publication 230)

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C, 20402 - Price $2
Natfonal Bureau of Standards SEP 2 2 1967 131

lOO

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67—60370
Foreword

The 486 American organizations listed in this directory consider standardization to be a major or important part of their

work. Their efforts in developing and disseminating standards of

practice directly contribute to the success of our nation's standardization programs. This volume describes their activities in the

fields, products, and services in which they specialize.

The National Bureau of Standards assists these organizations

under Congressional authorization which directs ''cooperation

with other Government Agencies and with private organizations in

the establishment of standard practices, incorporated in codes and

specifications." Special needs of standardizing groups are met

through additional Bureau functions which include provision of

new and better standards for measurement, determination of physical constants and properties of materials, and development of

methods for testing.

This Directory is designed to serve the needs of those interested or engaged in national standardization activities. It should

be of particular value to manufacturers, engineers, purchasing

agents, and writers of standards and specifications.

A. V. AsTiN, Director.

Ill

Contents

Page

Foreword Ill

1. Introduction 1

2. Nongovernment standardizing agencies 3

3. Government standardizing agencies 243

Index 255

V

Directory of United States

Standardization Activities

Joan E. Hartman

1. Introduction

The development of standards is an activity on which the

nation's economy depends. To industry standardization provides

dollar savings through mass production, production of uniform

goods, and reduction of time and materials through standard

designs, equipment, procedures, and testing. To the purchasing

agent standards offer increased efficiency by freeing him from the

need of preparing individual sketches, descriptions, and specifications for each purchase. The distributor benefits from having to stock fewer varieties and sizes of commodities and from simplified

inventories. Every branch of industry and commerce recognizes that standards promote fair trade by providing a common

language between buyer and seller and a basis for evaluating

competitive vendors.

The success of our nation's standardization program is due

largely to the support given it by our national technical and trade

associations. These groups are able to speak for entire industries

and to bring the requirements of the consumer into consonance with current engineering and manufacturing practices. Some

organizations work toward establishing standards, while others

develop test methods or certification and labeling plans to guarantee that products meet the specified standards.

The Federal Government, a vast business enterprise in itself, is also a major contributor to national standardization. Although

its fifty-thousand-odd standards and specifications for Government

purchasing are mandatory only upon itself, they frequently are adopted or adapted for private industry use. In this way, the

Government indirectly provides research and leadership in creat- ing standards and developing methods for measurement and test- ing. In addition, the Government's Product Standards program

provides voluntary standards prepared in cooperation with manufacturers, distributors and consumers of commonly manufactured

products. These standards, accepted as trade customs, are

established as a service to business and for public use. Standardization is a major force in our nation's economy

because it pays off in greater profits, increased production, higher

quality of goods, and customer good will. Standardization will

1
continue its important assistance in the development of the new

technologies of automation, transportation, communications, and

space exploration. For the world, standardization holds the key to the exchange of goods and services in international trade. For the

common man, standardization supports his belief in our nation's

system of free enterprise, and gives him lower prices and a higher

standard of living than he would otherwise have.

2
2. Nongovernment Standardizing

Agencies
ABRASIVE GRAIN ASSOCIATION, Thomas Associates, Managers,

2130 Keith Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44115

Standardization and simplification activities of this Association are carried on by its Research and Standards Committee. One

phase of the Committee's work has been the development of Commercial Standard CS271-65, Grading of Abrasive Grain for Grinding Wheels, which was developed under the auspices of, and

published by the Office of Commodity Standards (now Product

Standards Section), National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce. The Research and Standards Committee has

developed standard procedures for the measurement of capillarity

of abrasive grain, a test for determining the bulk density of abrasive grain, procedure for sampling of abrasive grains, and a ball

mill test for friability of abrasive grain. The current activities of

this Committee are directed toward more uniform application of

the Commercial Standard and USA Standards throughout the

industry and the development of additional recommended test procedures for the measurement of physical properties of the

material.

ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, Wallace Waterfall,

Secretary, 335 East 45th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

Since 1932, this Society has sponsored sectional committees of

the United States of America Standards Institute for the purpose

of preparing standards in the broad field of acoustics. The first of

these was Sectional Committee Z24, Acoustics, which was

replaced in 1957 by the three more specialized Sectional Committees SI, S2, and S3. These four sectional committees have produced over three dozen USA Standards, not including standards

that have been made obsolete by revision. The Society is sole

sponsor of SI and S3, and administrative sponsor of S2 with the

American Society of Mechanical Engineers as cosponsor. The

scopes of these Sectional Committees may be described as follows:

(a) SI Acoustics—standards, specifications, methods of measure- ment and test, and terminology, in the fields of physical acoustics,

including architectural acoustics, electroacoustics, sonics and

ultrasonics, and underwater sound, but excluding those aspects

which pertain to safety, tolerance, and comfort; (b) S2 Mechanical

Shock and Vibration—standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the fields of mechanical

shock and vibration, but excluding those aspects which pertain to biological safety, tolerance, and comfort; and (c) S3 Bioacoustics —standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology, in the fields of psychological and physiological

acoustics, including aspects of general acoustics which pertain to biological safety, tolerance, and comfort.

Sectional Committees SI, S2, and S3, through appropriately

organized subcommittees, serve as the Advisory groups to USASI

and the USNC for participation in the work of ISO/TC43 Acoustics, ICO/TC108 Mechanical Vibration and Shock, and IEC/TC29

Electroacoustics.

4
ADHESIVE AND SEALANT COUNCIL, Robert M. Stansel,

Executive Secretary, 159 North Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601

The purpose and object of the Council is to promote, encourage,

and advance the uses of products of the industry. In the field of

specification writing and endorsement, the Council achieves this

purpose through its Technical Committee. This committee is charged with the establishment of practical and realistic product

performance and end use standards for adhesives and sealants sold

primarily for resale to users who lack testing facilities and who do

not purchase to specifications, but are desirous of procuring to a

consistent and known quality standard.

To date, the Council has published the following standards

and specifications: AC-A-6201 Adhesive-Nail-on Application of

Gypsum Wallboard; AC-S-6202 Polysulfide-Base Sealing Compounds for the Building Trade; and AC-A-6203A Organic Adhesives for Installation of Ceramic Tile in Interior Wet Areas

Requiring Prolonged Water Resistance.

The following standards and specifications are presently under

development: Revision and upgrading of the Council Specification

AC-A-6203A Organic Adhesives for Installation of Ceramic Tile

in Interior Wet Areas Requiring Prolonged Water Resistance;

development of specifications for contact bond adhesives; and development of quality control procedures related to Council Specification AC-S-6202 Polysulfide-Base Sealing Compounds for the

Building Trade.

ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT SOCIETY, W. H. Latham,

Administrator, Technical and Program Service, Maryland Road,

Willow Grove, Pennsylvania 19090

This Society supports the Standards activity by representation on United States of America Standards Institute Committees X3

for Data Processing, X4 for Oflfice Machines, and X5 for Furniture.

This Society has a permanent representative on the Sectional

Committee of each of these activities and members who serve as representatives of the general interest group on all of the subcommittees organized under each of these activities. This Society,

together with the General Services Administration, are the

sponsors of the X5 project.

AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, C. R. Lowry, Director,

Aerospace Technical Council, 1725 DeSales Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

The National Aerospace Standards are a series of industrydeveloped standards covering aerospace hardware such as fasteners, fittings, and electrical items, and specifications for aerospace

materials, packaging materials, machine tools, aircraft equipment

items, and test procedures. More than 1100 standards have been

published in the NAS series.

The National Aerospace Standards Committee is the group

assigned the responsibility by the Aerospace Technical Council for

5
the development, maintenance, and promotion of the National

Aerospace Standards. The NASC is comprised of managementlevel engineers responsible for the standardization activities in

their own companies. The standardization activities of the Committee are predicated on a base policy of effectively fulfilling industry requirements without duplication of Government agency or

other industrial programs.

A close working alliance exists between the Department of

Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and

other Government agencies and the NASC in order to insure that

the standards of both groups are not duplicative and will meet, as far as possible, all the necessary requirements of Government and

industry. This liaison involves the direct participation of agency

representatives in the meetings and activities of the NASC.

Similarly, the NASC reviews and makes recommendations on Government parts documentation. National Aerospace Standards

are generally accepted for use by participating Government

agencies in lieu of developing new Government standards.

The Committee carries out its work through the assignment of

individual projects to member companies who act as sponsors.

The projects may require the development of a new standard,

revision of an existing one, or a compilation of comments and

recommendations on a Government document. The sponsor's re- sponsibility starts with the initiation of the standard, extends

through the coordination of the proposed document with the Committee and with representatives of interested agencies, includes

the resolution of comments and recommendations, and finally

concludes when the standard has been issued or, in the case of

Government documents, when resolution of the submitted recom- mendations has been achieved.

The NAS series is used to document standards and specifications

occasionally developed by other committees of the Aerospace Technical Council and the Association in the areas of electronics,

propulsion, quality control, and manufacturing equipment.

AGRICULTURAL AMMONIA INSTITUTE, Z. H. Beers, Executive

Vice President, 703 DuPont Building, 22 South Second Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38103

The Institute has developed Standard M-1, ''Standards for the

Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia," which covers Basic Rules, Cylinder Systems, Systems Utilizing Containers Other

Than ICC Cylinders, Systems Mounted on Tank Trucks, Semitrailers and Trailers for Transportation of Ammonia, Systems

Mounted on Farm Vehicles (Implements of Husbandry) for the

Transportation of Ammonia, Systems Mounted on Farm Vehicles

(Implements of Husbandry) for the Application of Ammonia, and

Refrigerated Storage; Standard M-5, "Specification for Anhydrous Ammonia Hose," developed in cooperation with the Rubber

Manufacturers Association, covers Scope, Sizes and Tolerances,

Construction, Physical Tests, Types of Tests, Method of Sampling,

Methods of Testing, Retests and Rejections, Hose Assemblies,

Marking, and Packaging; Standard M-6 is a "Recommended Standard for Agricultural Grade (Inhibited) Anhydrous Ammonia."

6
AIR-CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION INSTITUTE,

L. N. Hunter, Managing Director, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

This Institute is a manufacturers' trade association that is recognized as representing the entire air-conditioning and refrigeration industry. The Institute was formed in May 1953, by the

merging of the Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturers Association (REMA) and the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Machinery Association (ACRMA). In 1965 its scope was further

enlarged when manufacturer members of the National Warm Air

Heating and Air Conditioning Association voted to transfer their

memberships to ARI. The standardization activities of ARI fall into the following general classifications:

Equipment Standards—Standards pertaining to the physical

characteristics of items and equipment.

Testing Standards—Standards containing instruction for test- ing a piece of equipment in order to determine its performance

characteristics.

Rating Standards—Standards which contain provisions for con- verting data into general statements of capacity and performance

which can be applied to a series of production items.

Application Standards—Standards which describe and specify

acceptable installation criteria, including the initial selection of the

equipment.

Safety Standards—Standards which contain provisions

intended to safeguard life, health, and property.

At the present time, ARI has issued standards covering the

following types of equipment and components: Unitary AirConditioning Equipment, Unitary Heat Pump Equipment, AirCooling and Air-Heating Coils, Forced-Circulation, Free-Delivery

Air-Coolers for Refrigeration, Remote-Type Air-Handling Units,

Room Air-Induction Units, Refrigerant Condensers, RefrigerantCooled Liquid Coolers, Liquid Receivers, Ammonia Compressors

and Compressor Units, Open Type and Sealed Refrigerant Compressors and Condensing Units, Centrifugal Liquid-Chilling

Packages, Reciprocating Chilling Packages, Water-Chilling Packages, Liquid Line Driers, Refrigeration Flare Fittings, SelfContained Mechanically-Refrigerated Drinking Water Coolers, and

Transport Refrigeration Units.

In addition to equipment standards, ARI has published a number of application standards, including cooling load estimate

forms for various applications, and a standard for application,

installation and servicing of unitary air-conditioning systems.

ARI also participates with other industry associations in an

equipment standard for Room Fan-Coil Air-Conditioners, and has

issued three technical books covering properties of refrigerants,

equipment corrosion, and refrigerant piping.

ARI also administers certification programs for certain types of

equipment, and these programs involve the use of an ARI seal of

approval of equipment manufactured and rated in accordance with

the applicable ARI standards.

7
AIR DIFFUSION COUNCIL, 435 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago,

Illinois 60611

This is a trade association formed in 1961, whose members are manufacturers of grilles, registers, ceiling diffusers, and high

velocity terminal control devices used in conjunction with air conditioning systems in commercial construction. Three test codes

have been developed through ADC action.

The major standardization activity of the Council has been the

promulgation of a code to standardize the testing and rating of

products manufactured by the industry to establish a basis of

performance characteristics. Under the provisions of this Code,

ADC Equipment Test Code 1062 R, testing is performed in com- pany laboratories which have been previously certified as meeting

minimum industry standards in compliance with the Code. The

test data thus developed, utilizing the test procedures established

by the Code, may be submitted to the Council for certification

under the Code.

A second Code developed by the Council for the purpose of

testing sound transmission through air conditioning plenum sys- tems is entitled, ''Measurement of Room-to-Room Sound Transmission (AD-63)." This Code establishes test procedures for the

testing of sound transmission through plenum systems by the two

room method.

A third Code standardizes testing procedures for the testing of

heat rejecting characteristics in troffer light fixtures.

AIR DISTRIBUTION INSTITUTE, S. M. Van Kirk, General

Manager, 22 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603

The standardization and simplification activities of this Association are carried on by the Simplification and Standardization

Committee. The work of this Committee has been confined to simplification matters. It initiated and has continued a program

of simplification for sizes of pipes, ducts, and fittings for warm-air

heating and air-conditioning systems. This work has resulted in

the establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendation

R207-60 which is published by the Product Standards Section,

National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce.

AIR FILTER INSTITUTE, Arthur Nutting, Secretary, Box 85

Station E, Louisville, Kentucky 40208

This Institute is a trade association composed of manufacturers

of air cleaning devices usually employed to remove particulate

materials (including smoke and fume) from air and other gases.

Air filters have a large and varied field of application, some of the

most important uses being in air-conditioning or ventilation of

buildings, maintaining cleanliness in chemical, biological, and cer- tain mechanical processes, protection of electrical equipment and

internal combustion engines, and the cleaning of air to meet "clean

room" standards.

The Institute has developed and adopted two standardized test procedures which cover all filters used in these applications except

for the ''clean room" which has its own D.O.P. test procedures.

The AFI test procedures are: (1) Section I Unit or Panel Type

Devices; and (2) AFI Dust Spot Test Code.

8
The first procedure is commonly used for testing ''dry type" or 'Viscous impingement filters" whose performance is suitable for

expressing in terms of percentage by weight retained of a stan- dardized artificial dust. The cleaning ability of such filters is generally low to good, and care must therefore be taken in their

application.

The second, or Dust Spot procedure, is commonly used for test- ing filters having good to excellent air cleaning abilities—able, for

instance, to eliminate at least 50 percent of the smoke (or similar

size particles) in the ambient atmosphere.

These procedures have become standard in this country and are widely used throughout the world.

AIR MOVING AND CONDITIONING ASSOCIATION, Edward A.

Cruse, Executive Vice-President, 205 West Touhy Avenue, Park

Ridge, Illinois 60068

This Association was formed in 1955 by a merger of several

organizations, including the National Association of Fan Manufacturers, the Power Fan Manufacturers' Association and the Industrial Unit Heater Association. Its membership comprises some

seventy companies in the U. S. and Canada which manufacture air

moving and conditioning devices.

The main technical effort of the Association is aimed at the

development of accurate and reliable testing procedures which are adopted as standard test codes and are used as a basis for rating

the industry's products. Codes have been adopted to measure the

performance of all "air moving devices" and steam and hot water

unit heaters, and the sound power of this equipment. The codes are periodically reviewed and revised when further knowledge and

experience show that this is necessary.

Other technical standards cover a wide variety of subjects

including nomenclature and arrangements, standard sizes, spark

resistant construction, operating limits for centrifugal fans, and

flue gas and air densities.

As a service to users of the industry's products, AMCA publishes information on the application of various types of equipment. Subjects covered include the installation and maintenance

of unit heaters and the application of sound power and sone

loudness ratings.

Products which have been performance rated in accordance with

AMCA Standards are eligible to be licensed under the Certified

Ratings Program and are identified by the display of the AMCA

"Certified Ratings" Seal. The certification program includes provisions for approval of test laboratories, checking of published

ratings and a recheck procedure to insure continuing product

performance.

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOCIATION, Arnold Arch,

Executive Secretary, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

15213

This is the only technical society in the United States whose

major purpose is to foster the control of atmospheric pollution and

improve sanitation of the air. 9
Within the framework of the organization there exists a Technical Council consisting of chairmen of some thirty-nine volunteer

committees in the areas of industry, equipment, and technical

advice and review. It is the duty of these Technical Coordinating

Committees to establish definitions, methods, processes, procedures, and recommended practical limits of emission and to set them down for the guidance of the membership of the society.

When these reports have been approved by a consensus system

of approval, they are published in the ''Journal of the APCA," the

official society publication. Later, when sufficient of these reports

have accumulated to warrant publication in separate pamphlet

form, they are reproduced in publications known as Technical

Manuals.

Technical Manuals #1 and #2 have now been published and

represent a major contribution to encourage the development and

adaptation of engineering standards of performance that are workable and reasonable. These thirty reports cover such diverse areas as the ''Air Pollutional Aspects of Waste Disposal" to "Guidelines for Inspection Procedures of Motor Vehicle Air

Pollution Emissions."

AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION, William G. Osmun, Manager,

Technical Information Services, 1000 Connecticut Avenue, N. W.,

Washington, D. C. 20036

This Association is concerned with the following areas of stan- dardization: (a) engineering and maintenance—the Association

has published ATA Spec 100, the industry standard specification

for the preparation of aircraft manuals by manufacturers for the

use of airline operators; (b) supply—the Association publishes

ATA Spec 200, the industry integrated data processing standard

specification for the procurement of aircraft parts, and ATA Spec

300, the industry standard for packaging of parts and components

of aircraft and aircraft systems; (c) communications—the ATA

interline communications manual, prepared in collaboration with

the International Air Transport Association, is the world-wide

standard for message addressing and message format among the

free world's air carriers; and (d) airborne navigation and communications equipment—the airline industry, through the Airlines

Electronics Engineering Committee of Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) develops standard characteristics, including case sizes

and wiring for much of the radio and electronics equipment

installed in airline aircraft. The Air Transport Association

participates fully in the preparation of these "ARINC Specs."

ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION, Donald M. White, Executive SecretaryTreasurer, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017

This Association is extremely active in developing, publishing

and distributing standards and designation systems covering such

topics as mechanical and physical properties, dimensional toler- ances, drawing specifications, packaging, coatings and finishes, test methods and nomenclature of aluminum products.

Membership in the Association numbers 56 companies, including

10
all U. S. producers of primary aluminum and leading semifabricators of the metal. In all cases, Association standards are

stimulated by specific industry-wide needs and have as a prime

objective the establishment of central sources of technical data on aluminum and its alloys to eliminate confusion in the production

and ordering of aluminum products.

Standards issued by the Association are developed by its Technical Committee in conjunction with any of six Commodity Divisions

covering the full range of aluminum mill products. Participating

members of these groups represent all branches of the aluminum

industry.

The Association's current list of published material contains

twelve standards, including "Standards for Aluminum Mill Products," "Specifications for Structures of Aluminum Alloys" and

"Designation System for Aluminum Finishes." A number of others are in various stages of development.

Aluminum Association standards are the basis for the majority

of government, ASTM, company and other specifications for aluminum and aluminum alloy products. The Association also participates actively with other standards organizations, government

agencies and trade associations in developing and updating

aluminum specifications.

ALUMINUM SIDING ASSOCIATION, Minita Westcott, Executive

Director, 2217 Tribune Tower, Chicago, Illinois 60611

One of the primary activities of this Association has been the

establishment of industry-wide recommended minimum standards

to assure the purchaser of good quality products. After several

years of research and development, the Technical Committee, comprised of representatives of aluminum siding manufacturers, basic

aluminum producers, and producers of the coatings and finishes

used by the manufacturers, recommended for adoption Specifications and Methods of Test for Aluminum Residential Siding No.

62-5-16, which was approved and successfully used as a guide

for minimum standards of production by the majority of the members. Currently, the Technical Committee is reviewing the specifications in order to bring them up-to-date with new developments

in the industry.

^ Complementing this specification, the Association has developed

and published Installation Specifications for Residential Aluminum Siding, in which recommended practices for installation of

siding are detailed.

Recently, in cooperation with the Aluminum Association, the

Aluminum Siding Association has published an Authorized

Grounding Statement with illustration for use where local building codes require grounding. Research conducted by the industry

indicates, however, that grounding is not necessary when proper

installation of the product has been made.

Incorporating data prepared by the Pennsylvania State University, the Association has published information on Thermal Resistance of Aluminum Siding. Other reports issued by the Technical

Committee cover resistance to lightning, hail damage, fire resistance, recommended methods of test for electrical continuity, and

care and maintenance of aluminum siding.

11
AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION OF THE UNITED STATES, Col.

Donald F. Hull, USA (Ret.), Executive Director, 231 West 58th

Street, New York, N. Y. 10019

Among the several objects of this organization are the establishment and maintenance throughout the United States of a uniform

definition of amateurism, and uniform rules for the administration

and conduct of all athletic sports within its jurisdiction; the institution, regulation, and awarding of amateur athletic championships of the United States; and the institution of a bu- reau of records for the sports of swimming, track and field, and

weightlifting.

This organization is charged with the duties and responsibilities

of administering, as the sole United States member of worldgoverning sports organizations, the following: basketball, bobsled,

boxing, gymnastics, handball, judo, luge, swimming and diving,

track and field, weightlifting, and free-style and Greco-Roman

wrestling, as well as national programs in baton twirling, horseshoe pitching and volleyball. The Union conducts championships of the United States in all these sports, and its 55 district

associations encompassing all 50 States annually hold district

championships.

The establishment of standard definitions of rules for the government of athletic sports are formulated by the board of governors, which is elected each year and is representative of the active

and allied member associations of the Union. Besides the adoption

of standard contest rules for the various sports under its jurisdiction, the Union also fixes standards on dimensions, weights, material, and shapes of the various implements, balls, etc., entering into

athletic contests. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ADVERTISING AGENCIES/

MAGAZINE PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION JOINT COMMITTEE ON MAGAZINE ADVERTISING REPRODUCTION,

AAAA, 200 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017; MPA, 575 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022

Since its formation in 1948, the AAAA/MPA Joint Committee

on Advertising Reproduction has enlisted the cooperation of other

industry organizations, and three standards for the graphic arts industry dealing with magazine publication have been issued and

are in use today. They are as follows: (1) Recommended Standard Specifications for Advertising Reproduction Material in Magazine Letterpress Wet Printing, Joint Committee Report No. 4

dated March 1961, (2) Standard Color Control Bars, approved by

the American Photoengravers Association, October 1959, and

recommended by the American Association of Advertising Agencies, Magazine Publishers Association, and Printing Industries of

America; and (3) AAAA/MPA Standard 4-Color Process

Proofing Inks, issued by the National Association of Printing Ink

Makers, September 1964, and recommended and approved by the

American Association of Advertising Agencies, Magazine Publishers Association, American Business Press, American Photoengravers Association, and Printing Industries of America.

12
These standards have the common purpose of improving the

reproduction of advertisements in magazines, following the Joint

Committee's stated objective: 'The improvement of the physical

presentation of advertising in magazines."

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CEREAL CHEMISTS, R. J. Tarleton, Executive Vice President, 1955 University Avenue, St. Paul,

Minnesota 55104

Among the stated objectives of this Association is the encouragement of scientific and technical research on cereal grains and

related materials, the study of development and standardization of

analytical methods used in cereal chemistry and technology, and

the promotion of the spirit of scientific cooperation among all workers in the field of cereal science. A number of technical

committees are appointed by the Association to carry on the collaborative studies and to organize work around definite cereal problems of interest and usefulness. These committees are engaged in

subjects dealing with methods of analysis; standardization of laboratory baking; testing methods for cake flours, cookie flours,

cracker flours, bread flours, and prepared baking mixes; and stan- dardization of physical dough testing methods and equipment,

flour specifications, sanitation methods, pesticide residue determinations, and methods of vitamin assay.

In addition, the Association maintans a technical policy committee which supervises and coordinates the work of the technical

committees, fosters cooperation with other scientific societies

having common problems and interests, and supervises operations

of a standing committee on revision of ''Cereal Laboratory Methods." This looseleaf book is now in its seventh edition with

replacements and additions appearing yearly. It is devoted to a description of methods for the chemical analysis of wheat and

flour and other cereal grains as well as physical properties of

doughs, bread staling, enzyme activity, etc. The book is complete

with over 90 pages of reference tables and 45 full-color photos of

insect fragments in its "Extraneous Matter" section.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL CHEMISTS, c/o Dr. Joseph H. Boutwell, Director, Clinical Chemistry, TempleUniversity School of Medicine and Hospital, Broad and Ontario

Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140

This Association is presently engaged in a study of commercial

reagent sets, attempting to establish criteria of acceptable performance in precision accuracy and stability. In addition, the

Association concerns itself with standardization in the following

areas: (a) bilirubin—cooperated with the American Academy of

Pediatrics and the American Society of Clinical Pathologists in

establishing criteria for standards in serum; (b) cholesterol stan- dardization—preparation of solid cholesterol; (c) turbidity stan- dardization for thymo turbidity, cephalin flocculation, etc.; (d)

nomenclature—of units, spectrophotometry; and (e) speciflcations

for instruments.

13
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATORS, Glenn V. Carmichael, Executive Director, 404 Madison

Building, Washington, D. C. 20005

The Association's Engineering and Vehicle Inspection Committee cooperates in the work of United States of America Standards

Institute Sectional Committee Z26 for Specifications and Methods

of Test for Safety Glazing Materials. It also cooperates with

USASI Sectional Committee D7 covering: D7.1 Inspection

Requirements for Motor Vehicles, Tractors and Semitrailers Operated on Public Highways; D7.2 Station Requirements for Inspection of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semitrailers in Stations

Owned and Operated by Regulatory Authority; and D7.3 Station

Requirements for Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semitrailers in

Stations Appointed and Licensed by Regulatory Authority.

AAMVA is a cosponsor of the D7 Committee, and the standards

are recommended to States which now operate Vehicle Inspection

Programs or are considering their adoption.

The Association has also developed standards for tests used in

evaluating the capabilities of applicants for licenses to operate

motor vehicles. In the same field, standards are being developed

for terminology adaptable to an interstate exchange of information related to driver-license and driver-performance records.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN, Curtis H. Porterfield, Executive Vice President, 835 Southern Building, Washington,

D. C. 20005

Through its Horticultural Standards Committee, this Association developed the grades and standards contained in USA Standard for Nursery Stock, approved by the United States of America

Standards Institute as Z60. 1-1959. The standards were developed

for the use of nurserymen, landscape architects, landscape contractors, and others preparing planting lists and specifications or trading in trees, shrubs, roses, vines, fruit trees, small fruits, asparagus crowns, bulbs, corms, and tubers, and trees for forest plantings. The standards contain height measurements, relation of

branching to quality, caliper measurement, grades of various

roses, and recommended balling and burlapping specifications.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY OFFICIALS,

A. E, Johnson, Executive Secretary, 917 National Press Building,

Washington, D. C. 20004

In accord with the bylaws of the Association there is a Standing

Committee on Standards composed of the chairman of the several

operating committees subsidiary thereto. This Committee,

through these various operating committees, investigates, studies,

and reports on all engineering activities, including all phases of

road and bridge design, construction, maintenance, traffic requirements, roadside development, tests and investigation of materials,

and all phases of highway research. More specifically, these operating committees promote and develop the intimate contacts that are essential in (1) keeping their respective specifications, manu14
als, and standards representative of the best current practice, (2)

encouraging their adoption and use, and (3) promoting engineering research in their respective fields to obtain factual data and

improvements in materials and practices. In addition, the committees have the following specific primary purposes: (a) Planning

and Design Policies: To investigate available data, pursue studies

and recommend policies for the development of planning and

design standards, which will advance to a maximum degree the

utility and safety of highways in rural and urban areas. (Membership on this Committee is by appointment of the President of

the Association, with the approval of the Executive Committee and

shall be limited to not more than five representatives from each of

the four regions, including the chairman.) Other operating committees are (b) Bridges and Structures, (c) Construction, (d)

Design, (e) Design, Construction and Maintenance of Secondary

Roads, (f ) Maintenance and Equipment, (g) Materials, (h) Roadside Improvement, (i) Traffic, (j) Research Activities.

Additional committees are as follows: Standing Committee on

Administration with Subcommittees on Administrative Practices,

Highway Planning, Highway Finance, Highway Transport, Legal

Affairs, Public Information, Right of Way, Uniform Accounting,

Electronics, Urban Transportation Planning, Emergency Planning, Communications, Management and Training.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEXTILE CHEMISTS AND

COLORISTS, George P. Paine, Executive Secretary, AATCC

National Headquarters, P. O. Box 886, Durham, North Carolina

27702

This Association was founded in 1921 for the purpose of promoting the increase of knowledge of the application of dyes and

chemicals in the textile industry, encouraging in any practical way

research work on chemical processes and materials of importance

to the textile industry, and establishing for the members channels

by which the interchange of professional knowledge among them

might be increased.

The membership of the Association of approximately 8,000

includes most of the leading textile chemists and colorists in 46

of the 50 states and in over 40 other countries. Some 300 companies in the textile, chemical and related industries support the

Association as corporate members.

The Association is recognized nationally and internationally for

its standard methods of testing dyed and chemically treated fibers

and fabrics to measure such performance characteristics as colorfastness to light and washing, crease resistance, shrinkage,

wash-and-wear, water resistance, fiammability and the many other

conditions to which textiles may be subjected.

Practically all of the textile dyes, finishes and many chemicals

produced in the United States are controlled and checked by

AATCC test methods. These test methods are a major factor in

insuring the satisfactory performance of the billions of yard's of

textiles that find their way across the retail counters and into the

hands of the consumer. AATCC maintains cooperative relationships with many other

15
societies of kindred interests and with departments and agencies

of the Federal Government. At the international level, the Association participates in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Pan American Standards Commission

(COPANT) in an effort to bring about world-wide uniformity in

testing procedures.

The ''Proceedings" of the Association are published in the

biweekly ''American Dyestuff Reporter." The annual 800-page

"Technical Manual" contains the Association's test methods, a

bibliography, lists of dyes, pigments, and textile chemicals, a

roster of members, and information of general interest. With its sister society in England, The Society of Dyers and Colourists,

AATCC collaborated in the publication of the second edition of the

five-volume "Colour Index."

AMERICAN AUTOMATIC CONTROL COUNCIL, c/o Prof.

Gerald Weiss, Secretary-Treasurer, Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, 333 Jay Street, Brooklyn,

N. Y. 11201

AACC, often called A^C^, was formed in 1957 to represent the

United States in the International Federation of Automatic Control, which now has 30 National Members. It is comprised of two

representatives from the American Institute of Aeronautics and

Astronautics, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, and the Instrument Society of America.

Its principal functions are to plan and conduct the annual Joint

Automatic Control Conference here, and to cooperate with IFAC

abroad. Many standardization matters are handled directly by

representatives of the above five technical societies, but AACC's

Terminology Committee maintains liaison with United States of

America Standards Institute Sectional Committees C85, C42, and

Y10.14, and prepares an annual report on the work of these and

twenty other technical groups writing standards in its field of

interest. The committee also maintains liaison with the IFAC

Terminology Committee, and with appropriate groups in the Inter- national Electrotechnical Commission, International Standards Organization, and the International Federation for Information

Processing.

AMERICAN AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION, George F. Kachlein,

Jr., Executive Vice President, 1712 G Street N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

The Association has developed independently or, in cooperation

with other organizations, numerous standards and models for

motor vehicle legislation in the States and cities, designed to promote the safe and efficient movement of traffic. It developed a Model Safety Responsibility Bill and cooperated actively in the

development of the Uniform Vehicle Code and the Model Traffic

Ordinance.

It developed a guide as to standards for State legislation on

roadside development and control.

16
The Association participated in the development of standards

for traffic signs, signals, markings, and islands set forth in a Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

The Association has formulated a model ordinance for municipal regulation of offstreet parking facilities. The Association has developed proposed standards of vari- ous types relating to increasing the safety and convenience of

pedestrians in traffic. It has developed detailed methods and various proposed stan- dards for training new drivers. For several years it has been

studying methods of examination of applicants for drivers'

licenses with the idea of improving standards therefor.

The AAA has representatives on committees of the following

organizations and associations: American Society for Testing and

Materials, United States of America Standards Institute, Highway

Research Board, Illuminating Engineering Society, National

Safety Council, President's Committee for Traffic Safety, and the

National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances. A

major purpose of most of these committees is to develop standards

which pertain to highway safety.

The Association has developed, in cooperation with other organizations, standards for the operation of School Safety Patrols.

The Association cooperates with other organizations in the field of traffic law enforcement, traffic training procedures, etc. AMERICAN BLEACHED SHELLAC MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, John F. Varian, Assistant Secretary, 425 Park Avenue,

New York, N. Y. 10022

With the approval and endorsement of the United States Shellac

Importer's Association, the American Bleached Shellac Manufacturers Association published ''Official Methods of Analysis, Standards, Specifications and General Information on Shellac and

Bleached Shellac." This publication, first edition of which was

issued in 1923, was revised and reissued in 1957, and it continues

to be of help to those who are familiar with the properties of

shellac and shellac varnishes.

AMERICAN BOAT AND YACHT COUNCIL, John G. Kingdon,

Secretary, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

The Council is an independent, nonprofit, membership organization. It was founded in 1954 by representatives of the United

States Coast Guard, the boating industry, and the marine insur- ance underwriters, to develop an advisory code of safety standards

and recommended practices for designing, constructing, equipping

and maintaining boats of all types and all sizes to 65 feet in length.

The Council's current membership consists of about 500 individuals and 25 corporations and associations. This membership is drawn from all segments of the boating industry and boating

public. The individual members work voluntarily through technical committees to develop the Council's code of standards.

To date, the Council has published 24 standards. Another 25

are under development.

17
AMERICAN BOILER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, William B. Marx, Manager, 1180 Raymond Boulevard, Newark, New

Jersey 07102

This Association, established in 1888, participates in the following standardization work: (1) Publication by the Technical Committee, Packaged Firetube Boiler Section, of ratings standards

entitled ''Packaged Firetube Boiler Ratings for Heating Boilers";

(2) Publication by the Technical Committee, Watertube Boilers

Section, of a standard manual entitled 'Industry StandardsEngineering Information," which includes suggested equipment

performance forms, fuel definitions, a lexicon of industry terminology, coal analysis and accessory product definitions; (3) Acts as Secretariat to the National Fire Protection Association's Committee on Boiler Furnace Explosions and the Sectional Committees on

Public Utility Units, and Industrial Units.

AMERICAN BOTTLERS OF CARBONATED BEVERAGES,

Thomas F. Baker, Executive Vice President, 1128 16th Street N.W.,

Washington, D. C. 20036

In order to eliminate many of the difficulties arising in connection with sugar, a Standard for "Bottlers" Sugar has been

established. Also, a standard has been recommended concerning

the composition of solutions used for washing beverage bottles.

Standard methods of control covering water, sugar, carbon dioxide, bottle washing solutions, and sanitation are suggested.

Special service for checking these items is given through the

activities of the laboratory maintained by the Association at its Headquarters office. AMERICAN BRUSH MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Robert

C. Fernley, Secretary, 1900 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

19103

Simplification and the establishment of standard sizes of various

types of brushes have been carried on actively by this Association.

Under the Auspices of the National Bureau of Standards, it ini- tiated movements which resulted in the establishment of Simplified

Practice Recommendations R43-28 for paint and varnish

brushes; R88-37 for sweeps; R121-31 for block sizes for calcimine brushes; and R167-37 for counter, window, and radiator

brushes. These Recommendations have been published by the

Product Standards Section, National Bureau of Standards.

AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING, W. Arnott, Assistant to Chairman, 45 Broad Street, New York, N. Y. 10004

This Bureau is an international ship classification society and

non-profit corporation organized under the laws of the State of

New York. It has no stockholders and pays no dividends. The

Bureau's work may be briefly summarized as follows: (1) The

preparation of standards, called ''Rules" for the construction of

18
hulls and machinery of merchant ships, including material specifications and regulations for periodical surveys. The Rules are published annually and are modified to keep pace with developments in shipbuilding and marine engineering; (2) the analysis of

plans of vessels projected to be built, or conversions of existing

vessels, to verify if they meet the standards set by the Rules; (3)

the verification of the building of the new hull and its main machinery, boilers and vital auxiliaries, and the conversion of existing

vessels; (4) the witnessing of the testing of materials of construction for hull and machinery; (5) the carrying out of periodic and

damage surveys as called for by the Rules; (6) the carrying out of

load line surveys, safety equipment surveys, radio-telegraphy sur- veys and the issuance of tonnage certificates, all under the authority of various governments and international conventions; (7) the

annual publication of the ''Record" of the American Bureau of

Shipping which contains essential details of hull and machinery

and survey status of Bureau-classed vessels and others; (8) the

issuance of certificates of character for Bureau-classed vessels, i.e., classification certificates, seaworthy certificates, confirmation of

class certificates, etc. ; and (9) the issuance of cargo gear registers.

The operations of the Bureau are world-wide in scope. Offices are maintained in the principal seaports and shipbuilding centers

of the world. These offices are staffed with experienced ship

surveyors.

The Bureau maintains technical committees in the United States

and in Belgium, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and

the Netherlands.

AMERICAN BUTTER INSTITUTE, E. W. Gaumnitz, Executive

Secretary, 110 North Franklin Street, Chicago, Illinois 60606

The Institute, founded in 1908, is the only national trade association for butter manufacturers and distributors. One of its principal activities is the standardization of laboratory techniques,

materials, and supplies used in the butter industry. The Institute

cooperated with the Office of Commodity Standards (now Product

Standards Section), U. S. Department of Commerce, in the

establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendation R261-58.

This document standardizes butter cartons from 150 sizes down

to 3. In addition, the Institute promotes standardized marking on

bulk butter boxes to facilitate handling.

During recent years, standardized procedures and tests for

checking the quality of cream and butter have been adopted.

These tests were standardized in cooperation with the U. S. Food

and Drug Administration.

AMERICAN CARPET INSTITUTE, William H. Rockwell, Secretary,

Empire State Building, New York, N. Y. 10001

This institute is the trade association for manufacturers of car- pets and rugs in the United States. As necessary, ACI prepares

test methods and standards for carpets and raw materials for

carpeting, as well as standards for packing and shipping carpets.

Much of this work is done in cooperation with the American

Society for Testing and Materials.

19
AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Frank P. Reid, General Secretary,

4055 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio 43214

Through its members, this Society cooperates in the development of standards and specifications by representation on committees of the United States of America Standards Institute and the

American Society for Testing and Materials. It maintains representation on committees dealing with ceramic products such as

abrasives, cement, lime, gypsum, porcelain enamels, glass, refractories, structural clay products, white wares, and newer ceramic

products in the electronic field. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, B. R. Stanerson, Executive

Secretary, 1155 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

The development and revision of recommended specifications for

analytical reagent chemicals is a continuing project of the Society.

It is carried on by the Committee on Analytical Reagents which

directs studies and submits recommended standards to the Council

of the Society for approval. When approved, these specifications

and test methods are edited and reproduced in book form. The

work of the ACS Committee on Nomenclature has been of great

importance. Centered in "Chemical Abstracts" since 1911, the

work of the committee is reflected in that ACS publication. This

committee maintains close contact with the Commissions of the

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry on which

members of the ACS committee frequently serve. The Society cooperates with other organizations engaged in

standardization work. It has a committee on Standardization

Relations charged with responsibility for reviewing invitations to participate, and surveying areas where assistance from members

of the chemical profession might be desirable.

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, Preston A. Wade, M.D.,

Chairman, Board of Regents; John Paul North, M. D., Director, 55

East Erie Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611

The College is solely responsible at the national level for the

standardization and approval of cancer programs in the United

States and its territories. The College cooperates with other

recognized national medical organizations in the accreditation of

hospitals and in the approval of graduate training programs in

general surgery and the surgical specialties. Since 1953 the College has been engaged in a cooperative effort to standardize hospital statistical procedures and methods and has developed a method

to evaluate the quality of patient care in hospitals.

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE, William A. Maples,

Executive Secretary, 22400 West Seven Mile Road, Detroit, Michigan

48219

Since its organization in 1905, this Institute has been devoted to the solution of technical problems related to the design, construction, and maintenance of concrete and reinforced concrete struc- tures and to the dissemination of information in this field. 20
More than 70 technical committees study specialized problems

through evaluation of published information, reports of research,

and majority opinion based on field practices leading to the development of committee reports. The eventual aim of committee

activity is the evolution of the committee reports into standards

after discussion by the Institute membership and consideration by

the Standards Committee and a letter ballot of the members.

Institute standards are confined to specifications and recom- mended practices related to structures as a whole. Standardization of basic materials and ''over the counter" components

are deliberately excluded from the scope of its standardization

procedures.

Current standards of the Institute are building code requirements for reinforced concrete; manual of standard practice for

detailing reinforced-concrete structures; test procedure to determine bond value of reinforcing bars; specifications for concrete

chimneys and for concrete pavements and bases; minimum stan- dard requirements for precast concrete floor and roof units; and

recommended practices for evaluation of strength test results of

field concrete, design of concrete pavements, winter and hot

weather concreting, selecting proportions for normal-weight,

lightweight, and no-slump concrete, measuring, mixing, and placing concrete, application of portland cement base paint to concrete

surfaces, construction of farm silos, inspection of concrete, formwork for concrete, thin-shell precast concrete, and application of

mortars by pneumatic pressure. The application of these stan- dards is supplemented by more detailed information in such publications as ''ACI Manual of Concrete Inspection," ''Reinforced

Concrete Design Handbook," and "Formwork for Concrete."

Work is in progress on new standards related to nomenclature,

curing concrete, permissible stresses in unreinforced concrete, residential concrete work, specification for structural concrete, and

concrete floor finishes.

The Institute cooperates in related standardization work with

the United States of America Standards Institute, American

Society for Testing and Materials, and the American Welding

Society.

AMERICAN CONCRETE PIPE ASSOCIATION, Howard F. Peckworth, Managing Director, 1815 North Fort Mver Drive, Arlington,

Virginia 22209

Specifications for concrete pipe adopted by this Association are

those which have been prepared by Committee C-13 on Concrete

Pipe of the American Society for Testing and Materials on which

the Association is officially represented. These specifications are

for concrete sewer pipe, reinforced concrete culvert, storm drain

and sewer pipe, concrete irrigation pipe, reinforced concrete

low-head pressure pipe, and concrete drain tile. The Association has also cooperated with the General Services

Administration of the Federal Government in the development and

publication of Federal Specifications for concrete sewer pipe and

reinforced-concrete sewer pipe.

Recommendations for the design and installation of concrete

21
pipe culverts under high fills have been prepared by the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads with the assistance of this Association.

The Association has also assisted the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, in the preparation of guide specifications on concrete pipe.

AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS, Andrew D. Hosey, Secretary-Treasurer, 1014

Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202

This Conference is the national professional association of practicing industrial hygiene personnel in Federal, State, and local

agencies. Through its committees, the ACGIH assembles guides,

recommended practices, and methods for the evaluation and control of the industrial environment.

The Conference publishes an annual listing, "Threshold Limit

Values," containing TLVs for over four hundred substances

(mostly chemicals and chemical compounds) in dusts, fumes,

gases, vapors, mists, etc. The Values, which are under continuous

review, are used as guides in the control of health hazards and

should not be regarded as fine lines between safe and dangerous

concentrations. Several States, the U. S. Department of Labor,

and the British Ministry of Labour incorporate the TLVs in codes

or regulations.

The ''Manual of Recommended Analytical Methods" describes

chemical procedures and techniques for analysis of airborne con- taminants (in-plant as opposed to air pollution) which can be

performed without expensive specialized equipment. Fifteen

methods have been published to date and are verified in a number

of cooperating laboratories.

The Conference also publishes ''Guide to Uniform Industrial

Hygiene Codes or Regulations," used by governmental agencies in

the preparation of legal codes or regulations, and "Industrial Ventilation—A Manual of Recommended Practice." This Manual is a

practical reference for the design and construction of ventilation

exhaust systems. Basic ventilation principles are discussed and

there are about 150 illustrations.

AMERICAN CONGRESS ON SURVEYING AND MAPPING,

Walter S. Dix, Executive Secretary, National Headquarters: 430

Woodward Building, Washington, D. C. 20005

This organization is objectively dedicated to the improvement

and development of technical and professional standards to guide

and govern the practice within the fields of surveying and mapping

in the public interest.

ACSM is constituted by a membership of over 5,000 individual

Members, Associate Members, and Affiliate Members active in 3

technical Divisions and 22 geographic Sections. The constituent

membership of ACSM is further expanded by hundreds of sur- veyors due to Institutional Affiliation of 28 State Land Surveyor

organizations with ACSM. ACSM itself is affiliated with

the Earth Sciences Division of the National Research Council,

the Federation Internationale des Geometres (International Fed22
eration of Surveyors), and the International Cartographic

Association.

ACSM supports active national and divisional committees in

pursuit of developing and improving both technical and professional standards of procedure and accuracy in survey measurement, in quality control and requirement content for specific

surveys, in standards of education for qualification to meet requirements, and model laws for governing licensing and recordation

practices in the public interest. ACSM develops some standards

within ACSM, but also cooperates with other mutually interested

groups in developing joint standards. Published standards

include: 'Technical Standards for Property Surveys," developed

by ACSM Property Surveys Division; and "Minimum Standard

Detail Requirements for Land Title Surveys," developed cooperatively between the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping

and the American Title Association (now American Land Title

Association).

ACSM, with other societies, cooperated in an advisory capacity

with an American Society of Civil Engineers task subcommittee

to develop ASCE Manual No. 45A, which is an ACSM en- dorsed standard entitled "Professional Practice of Surveying and

Mapping Within Civil Engineering."

AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION, Harold Hillenbrand, Executive Secretary, 222 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611

This Association, through its Council on Dental Research and in

cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards, has had a

specification and certification program for dental materials since

1928. To date, 18 specifications and four standards have been

adopted. The Specifications Committee of the Dental Materials

Group (International Association for Dental Research) serves as the principal consultant to the Council on Dental Research of the

American Dental Association and does almost all of the current

revision and formulation of ADA specifications for dental materials. The Association also operates a certification program on

dental materials which involves the testing of materials guaranteed by the manufacturers to comply with the specifications of the

ADA. The "Guide to Dental Materials," a biannual ADA publication of about 160 pages, gives pertinent information on several

dental materials, details about the specification and certification

program, the specifications and lists of certified dental materials.

Most of the ADA specifications for dental materials and instruments have been approved as USA Standards. The ADA, an

associate member of the United States of America Standards Institute, has been named proprietary sponsor of the project to handle

future revisions of these standards. It also sponsors USASI Sectional Committee PH6 which has developed two standards for size

and speed of diagnostic grade dental radiographic film. The Association, through USASI, participates in the recently

formed International Organization for Standardization Technical

Committee 106 on Dentistry. Thus the ADA works both nationally and internationally in the formulation of standards for dental

materials.

23
AMERICAN DENTAL TRADE ASSOCIATION, Edmund Wellington, Jr., Executive Secretary, 1010 Vermont Avenue N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005

One of the standardization activities of this organization is a

color-shade standardization program on which the color formula

and identification have been propounded for the main colors used on dental equipment by manufacturers.

For the past 40 years the Association has maintained a ''Stan- dard Manual of Accounting for Dental Dealers" which is revised

about every 5 years to keep it up to date with modern accounting

practices and procedures.

AMERICAN DIE CASTING INSTITUTE, R. E. Kellers, Associate

Secretary, 366 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

As a service to the customers of the die casting industry, this

Institute publishes Product Standards for Die Castings to guide

designers and engineers to the most economical use of die castings.

These Product Standards are not intended as maximal specifications. The information set forth is based on normal practices of

the die casting industry which, if followed, can bring about the

production of serviceable and quality die castings on the most

economic basis. The Product Standards for Die Castings are composed of three series covering Engineering, Metallurgical and

Commercial practice data.

AMERICAN DRY MILK INSTITUTE, J. T. Walsh, Executive

Director, 130 North Franklin Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601

The Institute, operating through its Standards Committee, is continuously engaged in the establishment and improvement of

standards for the grading of dry milk products, including nonfat

dry milk, dry buttermilk, and dry whole milk. The standards,

grades and methods of analysis developed by the Institute have

also been adopted by various Government agencies. These stan- dards, which are designed to measure general overall product

quality are widely used by both the manufacturers of dry milk

products and the users of these products.

AMERICAN ELECTROPLATERS' SOCIETY, Rodney Leeds,

General Manager, 443 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102

This Society is actively interested in standards pertaining to electroplated coatings. It relies on the work of ASTM Committee

B-8 on Electro-deposited Metallic Coatings and endorses the stan- dards prepared by Committee B-8, whose members are, for the

most part, members of the American Electroplaters' Society.

Formal representation is also maintained on ASTM Committees

A-5 on Corrosion of Iron and Steel, D-19 on Industrial Water,

and B-7 on the Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum and Magnesium

Alloys, as well as United States of America Standards Institute

Committees Z74 on Performance of Effluent Air and Gas Cleaning

Equipment and Z9 on Safety Codes for Exhaust Systems.

24
From 1935 to 1941 the American Electroplaters' Society, the

American Society for Testing and Materials, and the National

Bureau of Standards jointly prepared five specifications for elec- trodeposited metallic coatings and one method of test. AMERICAN FEED MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, W. E. Glennon, President, 53 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604

This Association cooperates very closely with the Association of

American Feed Control Officials, both of which have been in existence for 50 years. The work of this organization has to do with

bringing about uniformity as far as possible in all State laws

regulating the manufacture, distribution, and sale of commercial

feeding stuff. Every State in the Union except one has at the

present time enacted legislation concerning regulations and specifications of commercial feeds sold in the States. This Association cooperates also with the Food and Drug

Administration, in its enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug, and

Cosmetic Act. AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY, Ashley B. Sinnett,

General Manager, Golf and Wolf Roads, Des Plaines, Illinois 60016

With the exception of standards which the Society has developed

for the evaluation of foundry sands, standardization has been

carried out in cooperation with the American Society for Testing

and Materials and the United States of America Standards Insti- tute by the appointment of representatives to serve on committees

of these organizations.

Realizing the need for having industry-developed foundry process codes, it has continued its activities in the field of Safety,

Hygiene, and Air Pollution Control. As a result of this program

the Society has developed: Engineering Manual for Control of

In-Plant Environment in Foundries; Foundry Air Pollution Control Manual; Manual of Safe Practices for the Protection of Workers in Foundries; Safe Practices Manual for Welding, Cutting, and

Similai" Operations; Symposium on Foundry Safety, Health, and

Air Pollution; Health Protection in Foundry Practice; and the

Foundry Noise Control Manual.

As a result of representation on a sizable number of technical

committees of the American Society for Testing and Materials, it has cooperated in the development of specifications dealing with

both cast metallic and nonmetallic materials covering a broad

range of commodities.

AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION, C. S. Stackpole, Managing Director, 605 Third Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016, F. E. Hodgdon,

Assistant Managing Director, and Director, A.G.A. Laboratories,

1032 East Sixty-Second Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44103

This Association sponsors research and standardization activities relating to problems affecting the production, distribution,

sale, and utilization of gas. 25
Problems connected with the development of national standards

for gas appliances are entrusted to the Approval Requirements

Committee. This committee has general supervision over the

preparation of all approval requirements for gas-burning appli- ances, listing requirements for gas appliance accessories, and

installation requirements for house piping, appliances, and accessories. It is responsible directly to the Board of Directors of the

American Gas Association. Being a sectional committee of the

United States of America Standards Institute, it is also responsible to the Board of Directors and Standards Council of USASI

when requirements are submitted and approved as USA Standard.

This group is a standing committee and has operating under it, at the present time, some 24 requirements subcommittees. It makes

assignments to these subgroups, has general supervision of their

work, and passes on all requirements developed by them. It authorizes the appointment of additional subcommittees from time to time for the development of requirements for additional types of

equipment or for other purposes as the necessity arises. The

chairman appoints members of all standing and special subcommittees. New or revised requirements which have been developed

by a subcommittee, after distribution for industry review and comment, are reviewed and adopted by the Approval Requirements

Committee. They are then submitted to the Board of Directors

and to the United States of America Standards Institute for

approval as USA Standard.

A second committee of the Board of Directors and USASI Sectional Committee functions along similar lines to the Approval

Requirements Committee and is charged with the preparation of

standards for the installation, safe operation, testing, maintenance

and nomenclature of industrial gas equipment. This committee,

known as USASI Sectional Committee Z83, Industrial Gas Equipment Installation and Utilization, supervises the work of three

subcommittees.

The chairman, secretary, and other members of these committees are appointed by the President of the American Gas

Association. Nominations by the Gas Appliance Manufacturers

Association are considered in making manufacturer member appointments. Two of the gas company representatives on USASI

Sectional Committee Z21 must also be members of the Laboratories Managing Committee. Members representing Government

bureaus and trade associations are selected by the organizations

they represent on request of the committee chairmen. The Director of the Laboratories is a member of these groups and serves as

secretary.

Subcommittees of the USASI sectional committees receive

assignments from and are responsible to their respective USASI

committee. Each subcommittee is usually charged with the detailed development of requirements for one particular class of gas

appliance, or gas appliance accessory. When a subcommittee has

completed a set of requirements it is submitted to its supervising

committee for further consideration. The subcommittee's work

continues from year to year in the revision of and addition to the

requirements. These committees also serve another purpose as they are often called upon by the American Gas Association Labo26
ratories to interpret certain requirements when a need for

clarification arises.

There are three classifications of subcommittees serving under

the Approval Requirements Committee, namely, those instructed

to prepare requirements for (1) approval, (2) listing, and (3)

installation. At present the Committee on Industrial Gas

Equipment Installation and Utilization confines its efforts to requirements for installations.

Approval requirements are prepared for complete self-contained

gas-burning appliances or those which consist not only of equipment for burning the gas but also for utilizing the heat or products

of combustion therefrom, such as gas ranges or boilers. Listing

requirements are drawn up for accessories, such as valves, thermostats, and others which are incorporated as a part of a gas

appliance. Requirements for installation of gas appliances are prepared for the guidance of the industry in making correct

installations of gas equipment.

Approval, listing, and installation requirements have been developed by the American Gas Association and approved as USA

Standards by the United States of America Standards Institute,

covering practically all types of domestic gas appliances, many

industrial and commercial appliances, and gas appliance

accessories.

The approval requirements include domestic gas ranges (including freestanding ranges and built-in cooking units); hotel and

restaurant deep fat fryers; portable gas baking and roasting

ovens; gas counter appliances; room heaters (including radiant

heaters, circulator heaters, wall heaters, and overhead heaters ; gas

logs and imitation coal baskets); water heaters (including storage,

circulating tank, instantaneous, etc.) ; central heating gas appli- ances (including steam and hot water boilers, central furnaces,

vented wall furnaces and floor furnaces); gas unit heaters; hot

plates and laundry stoves; clothes dryers; incinerators; hotel and

restaurant ranges and refrigerators using gas fuel. Listing requirements have been published for the following

types of accessories: Gas-burner valves; gas conversion burners;

draft hoods; domestic gas appliance pressure regulators; relief and

autornatic gas shutoff valves for use on water heating systems

(including temperature and pressure relief valves, vacuum relief

valves, and automatic gas shutoff valves) ; water heater, gas range,

and room heater thermostats; automatic pilots; automatic main

gas-control valves (including electric gas valves and diaphragmtype valves); semirigid gas appliance connectors; flexible gas

tubing; furnace temperature limiting controls and fan controls.

In addition to the above requirements which involve laboratory

testing, the committees have developed the following standards of

general interest to the industry which include: Installation of

domestic gas conversion burners, and installation of gas piping

and gas appliances in buildings.

The Approval Seal and Listing Symbol of the American Gas

Association are registered by the U. S. Patent Office and may be

used on appliances and accessories, in advertising or otherwise,

only with the consent of the Association's Laboratories. The

Approval Seal and Listing Symbol are intended to indicate that the

27
equipment to which they are attached has been tested and

approved or listed by the American Gas Association Laboratories

as complying in detail with all requirements in effect at the time

approval or listing was granted. When approval or listing has

been granted, it is mandatory that the official insignia in exact

accordance with the Association's requirements be prominently

displayed on the appliance or accessory. The Approval Seal or Listing Symbol may be shown on, or advertised in conjunction

with only such appliances, appurtenances, or accessories currently

approved or listed at the time shown or advertised.

The registered Seal of Approval must be permanently attached

to all approved gas appliances. As this permanent seal is usually

attached to the manufacturer's nameplate and located in a concealed position, an auxiliary approval seal in the form of a cardboard tag of approved design may be affixed, in a conspicuous

position, to the front of every approved appliance. Nameplate

manufacturers supply the permanent seals while the Laboratories

supply tags at cost. After approval or listing has been granted on an appliance or

accessory, the appliance or accessory will be identified in the

"Directory of Approved Appliances and Listed Accessories." This

publication is issued in complete form semiannually as of January

and July. Supplements are published as of the first of each intervening month, including all devices approved during the preceding

month. This is the official record of approved or listed equipment,

and all appliances entitled to bear the Approval Seal or Listing

Symbol are included therein.

Approval of appliances and listing of accessories are granted for

the ensuing calendar year. Approval and listing may be renewed,

however, from year to year for a period not to exceed a total of 5

years by means of an annual factory-inspection service. At the

expiration of this period the appliance or accessory is required to be resubmitted to the Laboratories and subjected to the requirements then in effect, if further certification is desired. If there has

been no change in the requirements or the appliance since it was

last tested, no actual test may be needed and extension may be

granted by inspection.

AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, John C.

Sears, Executive Director, One Thomas Circle, Washington, D. C. 20005

This Association was founded in 1916; its membership includes a majority of the principal manufacturers of gears, speed reducers

and increasers in the United States and Canada.

One of the objectives of American Gear Manufacturers Association is the creation and maintenance of gearing standards. These

standards are intended to create a common-language bridge

between the manufacturer, designer, and user so that they may

better understand one another to the end that the gears will fit the

users' needs.

These standards cover such areas as: Gear Industry Nomenclature, Gear Specification Drawings, Hobs and Shaper Cutters,

28
Application Classification of Gear Motors and other types of speed

reducers, Standards on Tooth Form Geometry, Strength and Durability Formulas, Inspection Methods and Practices, Gear Blank

Materials, Lubrication of Open or Enclosed Gearing, Design and

Rating of Speed Reducers, Spur, Helical, Herringbone, Worm,

Bevel, Fine Pitch, Aircraft, Rocket, and Missile Gears.

Among the best gear-engineering brains in the United States

and Canada representing manufacturers, designers, and users, as

well as teachers of mechanical engineering and the gear art in

the major universities have contributed to the creation of this

literature.

American Gear Manufacturers Association has always maintained close liaison with the United States of America Standards

Institute, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Society of

Automotive Engineers, Metal Cutters' Institute, Cooling Tower

Institute, American Petroleum Institute, and other such technical

societies.

AMERICAN GEM SOCIETY, Alfred L. Woodill, Executive Director,

3142 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90005

This Society numbers among its committees a Nomenclature

Committee, whose personnel consist primarily of retail jewelers

throughout the United States and Canada, and advisory groups of

diamond importers and jewelry manufacturers. This committee

considers recommendations from its members in the various

branches of the trade, and makes recommendations regarding

definitions, standards, and practices for consideration and adoption by the entire membership of the Society at its annual meetings. In carrying forth its work, this committee cooperates with

the Jewelers' Vigilance Committee, National Association of Better

Business Bureaus and its affiliated bodies, and the Federal Trade

Commission.

AMERICAN GUM IMPORTERS LABORATORIES, R. O. Innes,

Secretary-Treasurer, 2 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016

The chemical consistency of natural resins has been exceptionally uniform, and the long established standards supplied by our

contributing member firms constitute reliable standards based on

years of experience. A "National Resins Handbook," which contains much data on the properties and application of natural

resins, is published by this organization. Most of the data so compiled are the result of the research and development program

being carried out by the Laboratories.

AMERICAN HARDBOARD ASSOCIATION, Donald Linville,

Executive Secretary, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606

This Association, organized in 1952, comprises 12 domestic companies operating 16 plants and represents approximately 97

percent of the domestic production of hardboard.

In cooperation with the Commodity Standards Division, (now

Product Standards Section), National Bureau of Standards, the

Association assisted in the establishment of Commercial Standard

29
CS251-63 covering the wide range of hardboard products. Now

in preparation is an additional standard specifically related to Hardboard Siding. As the range of hardboard products expands,

it is likely that additional standards will be prepared.

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION, Dr. Jane L. Rees, Executive Director, 1600 Twentieth Street, N.W., Washington,

D. C. 20009

This Association, founded in 1909, sponsors United States of

America Standards Institute Sectional Committee Z61 concerned

with dimensions, tolerances, and terminology for home cooking

and baking utensils. In addition, the Association expresses its interest in standards through representation on USASI Sectional

Committees dealing with the following subjects: Standards for

Household Refrigerators; Standards for Rug Cleaning; Textiles,

including U. S. Committee for ISO/TC 38, and other textile committees; Standards for Gas Burning Appliances; Prevention or

Control of Hazards to Children; and Safety Requirements for

Architectural Glazing Material. AHEA is also represented on the

USASI Board of Directors, USASI Standards Council, and USASI

Consumer Goods Standards Board.

AMERICAN HOME LAUNDRY MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, Guenther Baumgart, President, 20 North Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

This organization, through its Engineering and Research Committee, is developing Recommended Performance Evaluation

Procedures for washers and dryers for industry use. It collabo- rates with the Underwriters' Laboratories and other organizations

in formulating safety standards and specifications covering electrical, mechanical safety and fire hazards. It works cooperatively

with recognized plumbing authorities in the development of uniform plumbing requirements for home laundry appliances. The

Association has published a home laundering dictionary with over two hundred standard definitions of home laundering terms

recommended for use in education, home economics, marketing,

advertising, and other fields. AMERICAN HOME LIGHTING INSTITUTE, 360 North Michigan

Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601

This Institute introduced its Minimum Light for Living Standards in 1957. These Standards were revised in September, 1965.

Approximately one-third to one-half million copies have been distributed by the Institute, and the Standards have been reprinted

in numerous publications.

These Standards, or adaptations, are requirements for the Medallion home in most communities where electric utilities use the

Medallion as a mark of electrical excellence. The current rate

is about 1 out of 10 new housing units. Most recommendations

are also incorporated in the USA Standard Requirements for

Residential Wiring.

The introduction to the Standards describes their purpose to 30
help the reader ''apply advanced lighting techniques and use the

newest equipment to add immediate and permament value to a

house or apartment and improve livability for its occupants."

AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION, Edwin L. Crosby, M.D.,

Director, 840 North Lake Shore Drive, Chiago, Illinois 60611

For more than 35 years this Association has been actively con- cerned with simplification and standardization of hospital supplies

and equipment. Through the effort of its Committee on Purchasing, Simplification and Standardization and in cooperation with

the U. S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, over 20 Simplified Practice Recommendations and 15 Commercial Standards have been developed relative to hospital supplies

and equipment.

Early in this program standards were developed for Rubber

Sheeting, Surgeon's Latex gloves, Surgeon's Rubber Gloves, Mattresses for Hospitals, and Blankets for Hospitals, More recently,

Commercial Standards have been prepared on Gowns for Hospital

Patients and Latex Foam Mattresses for Hospitals.

Recent Simplified Practice Recommendations include Plastic

Tableware, Surgical Sutures, Clinical Utensils, and Medical and

Surgical Hypodermic Needles.

Many of the Commercial Standards and Simplified Practice

Recommendations are being kept current by revision. These

include Clinical Thermometers, Surgical Dressings, Color Markings for Anesthetic Gas Cylinders, Surgical Gauze, and Hospital

and Institutional Cotton Textiles. In cooperation with the Commodity Standards Division (now

Product Standards Section), National Bureau of Standards, stan- dards have been developed on Casters, Wheels, and Glides for

Hospital Equipment. Revisions are being studied on the stan- dards for Hospital Beds, Gowns for Hospital Patients, and

Hospital Rubber Sheeting.

New projects which are under consideration for development by

the committee are the simplification of color identification methods

for syringes, needles, gloves and other hospital supplies; standards

for bumpers on wheeled equipment; and a recommendation on

needle sizes for disposable hypodermic needles.

In addition to the standardization and simplification activities in

cooperation with the Government, the American Hospital Association has been actively cooperating with the United States of

America Standards Institute, International Organization for Standardization, and American Society for Testing and Materials in

the preparation of standards in over 30 areas of interest to hospitals.

AMERICAN HOT DIP GALVANIZERS ASSOCIATION, Charles E. Perry, Secretary-Treasurer, 5225 Manning Place, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20016

The purposes of this Association are: To improve the efficiency

of our industry and to promote the wider use of hot dip galvanized

products. Both are essential to the continuing growth and pros31
perity of the industry. These objectives can only be achieved by

the collective action of the industry represented by an aggressive

association; to improve public relations in said industry through

publicity and other proper and lawful means; to encourage and

promote technical research and development; and to furnish technical advice to participants in said industry.

The Association has prepared and issued tentative standard

specifications for hot-dipped zinc coated (galvanized) products. It maintains a full technical development program on matters of

general interest to the industry, covering such subjects as the

preparation of codes of practice and recommended procedures and

the evaluation of new materials and techniques.

A Joint Research Committee between the American Hot Dip

Galvanizers Association and the American Zinc Institute was set up to investigate methods of improving the long-term performance

of galvanized steel and of increasing the salability of the product.

The Association is represented on subcommittees of the American Society for Testing and Materials concerned with the development of specifications for galvanizing. It is also a member of the

American Road Builders Association and the National Association

of Corrosion Engineers.

AMERICAN HOTEL AND MOTEL ASSOCIATION, Lawson A. Odde, Executive Vice President, 221 West 57th Street, New York,

N.Y. 10019

The activities of this Association in the field of standardization are carried out in cooperation with other organizations.

Prior to 1950, activities included collaboration with the Vitrified

China Manufacturers Association in establishing standard sizes of

hotel chinaware as set forth in Simplified Practice Recommendation R5, published by the National Bureau of Standards. It also

cooperated in the formulation of Simplified Practice Recommendation R113 relative to standard sizes of restaurant guest checks.

Under the procedure of the United States of America Standards

Institute, it cooperated, through representation on sectional committees, in the development of USA Standard Safety Code for

Elevators, Dumbwaiters, and Escalators; and USA Recommended

Practice for the Inspection of Elevators. It is also represented on USASI sectional committees on standards and specifications for

refrigerators, and on minimum requirements for plumbing and

standardization of plumbing equipment.

Between 1950 and April 1958 the Association sponsored a project under the auspices of the United States of America Standards

Institute to develop minimum performance requirements for institutional textiles, which resulted in the establishment of USA Standard L24 Minimum Performance Requirements for Institutional

Textiles. In accordance with the United States of America Standards Institute procedure, the L24 Standards were completely

revised in 1963 and 1964.

The Association is represented on the American Society for

Testing and Materials Administrative Committee on Simulated

Service Testing, and Ad Hoc Committee on Consumer Standards.

It continues as sponsor of United States of America Standards

32
Institute Sectional Committee L24 Institutional Textiles and is represented on the USASI Standards Council, Safety Standards

Board—General Conference on Customer Injury Statistics, and

Sectional Committees A14 Construction? Care and Use of Ladders,

L26 Rug Cleaning, and Z64 Mass Feeding Kitchen Utensils and

Containers.

The Association's former activities in the development of stan- dards for mattresses, carpets, and cleaning and maintenance supplies have been transferred to the Institutional Research Council,

Inc. AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION, George D.

Clayton, Executive Secretary, 14125 Prevost Street, Detroit, Michigan

48227

The Association was established in 1939 by leading industrial

hygienists as a result of need for an association devoted exclusively

to industrial hygiene.

The objectives of the Association are: (1) To increase the

knowledge of industrial hygiene through interchange and dissemination of information; (2) to promote the study and control of

environmental factors affecting the health and well-being of industrial workers; (3) to correlate such activities as are conducted by

individuals and agencies throughout industrial, educational, and

governmental groups; and (4) to bring together persons interested

in the various phases of industrial hygiene.

The Association speaks or acts for industrial hygienists in matters of general interest, e.g., dissemination of information on the

fundamentals of industrial hygiene; definition of the scope of

industrial hygiene; development of nomenclature in industrial

hygiene; improvement of the education, training, and status of

industrial hygienists; solutions of problems of industrial hygiene

in national and other emergencies, in part by encouraging the

optimum use of available industrial hygienists and the training of

new ones; cooperation with various organizations such as the

United States of America Standards Institute and Governmental

agencies in the preparation of various codes and approval schedules; and presentation of awards to members of the Association

for outstanding service in the field of industrial hygiene.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS, DEPARTMENT OF

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES, Robert J. Cowling, AIA, Director of

Technical Programs, 1735 New York Avenue, N.W., Washington,

D. C. 20006

The Institute not only reflects the opinion of the profession but,

by reason of its members' professional relationship to the building

public, represents the interest of the consumer on a number of

committees dealing with standardization and simplification of

construction materials and techniques.

The AIA is represented on the United States of America Standards Institute's Construction Standards Board; it cosponsors

USASI Committees A17, Safety Code for Elevators, and A23,

33
School Lighting; and is actively represented on sixteen USASl

committees.

The Institute maintains active liaison with the Building Officials

Conference of America, Southern Building Code Congress, and the

International Conference of Building Officials. AIA representatives serve as advisory members on ICBO Code Change Subcommittees. Representatives also participate in activities of the

Building Research Institute, National Research Council of the

National Academy of Sciences, National Fire Protection Association, and the U. S. Department of Commerce.

AIA issues a variety of contract forms and has been instrumental in the formulation of recommendations concerning size and

character of building product literature directed to the architect.

It has also been active in development of a uniform system for cor- relation of a specifications outline, a filing system for product data,

and project cost accounting guide.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, F. J. Van

Antwerpen, Secretary, 345 East 47 Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

The active standards work of this Institute began in the late

1940's when a committee was established to formulate procedures

for testing chemical engineering equipment under non-ideal conditions that occur in plants using the equipment. At the present

time, this Equipment Testing Procedures Committee performs its work through eight equipment subcommittees (distillation col- umns, dryers, evaporators and crystallizers, heat exchangers,

filters, fired heaters, mixers, and pumps) and one staff/service

subcommittee (measurements). At least one testing procedure

has been published in each of these categories, except filters and

fired heaters, and all eight groups are currently drafting additional

testing procedures.

In December 1954, a Standards Committee was created which was designed to (1) cooperate with and contribute to the program,

carried out under United States of America Standards Institute

procedures, of developing and promoting national standards

affecting the chemical industry and (2) develop and promote

within its own organization those specific industry standards and

testing procedures that were judged sufficiently valuable and

appropriate to the industry to warrant professional attention, but

which were not necessarily broad enough in scope to warrant

formal action through the extensive USASI procedure.

Safeguards were also established to prevent duplication or over- lapping of the work of USASI and other organizations such as the

American Society for Testing and Materials and the Power Test

Codes Committee of the American Society of Mechanical

Engineers.

To carry out and strengthen its standards program, an Executive Board was created in 1964, each member of which has direct

responsibilities for some area of standardization activity.

Through this Board, the Institute controls and monitors its participation in standards activities (1) by representation of certain of

its members on the USASI Standards Council and on USASI Standards Boards operating in the three areas of interest to chemical

34
engineers and the chemical industry, (2) by liaison representation on the Board of the chairman of any AIChE Committees having

active standardization programs, (3) by specific action within the

committee itself in such fields as symbols and nomenclature and

(4) by working participation in the standards-writing activities of

21 USASI sectional committees.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF LAUNDERING, Dr. R. H. Johnson,

Jr., Executive Vice President, Joliet, Illinois 60434

This Institute is the national trade association of the family

laundry and institutional laundry industry, and includes Canadian

as well as a number of foreign memberships throughout the world.

Although the Institute represents a service industry, it operates a testing program for manufacturers on a fee basis (Certified Washable Seal) for checking the serviceability of launderable

textiles, bindings, closures, trim, interlining, etc., to repeated

laundering.

Launderable items that withstand repeated commercial launderings successfully are awarded, by contract, the Institute's Certified

Washable Seal. This program helps to establish a quality stan- dard in the lines of fabrics or garments involved.

Lines of merchandise are checked at suitable intervals and the

program is ''policed" by the hundreds of Institute members located

in practically every community of the United States. In addition, the Institute maintains research laboratories for the

development of better laundering methods. These laboratories are

staffed by textile chemists, engineers, and accountants, who prepare, for their members, Service Bulletins and Special Reports of

studies that are being made. Trained sales, advertising, and

public relations personnel also are a regular part of the Institute's

staff. The Institute also operates an actual commercial laundry and

drycleaning department on a profit basis. This enables members

to visit the Institute and study its daily operations using the most

recently produced equipment of the various machinery manufacturers and others. The drycleaning department is operated to serve the needs of 85 to 90 percent of the Institute's members who

are in the drycleaning business. AIL, however, does not attempt

to compete in any way with the trade association activities of the

National Institute of Drycleaning.

The Institute also operates a School of Laundry Management for

the training of young men and women for supervisory and managerial work within the industry and special clinics on specific

subjects. Several thousands of its graduates are working within

the industry.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING, METALLURGICAL, AND

PETROLEUM ENGINEERS, R. William Taylor, General Secretary, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

Many of the standards, specifications, and codes that have

engaged the attention of this Institute were developed in cooperation with national technical bodies, principally the United States

35
of America Standards Institute and the American Society for

Testing and Materials.

The Institute is officially represented on several USASI sectional

committees including those dealing with the following subjects:

safety code for jacks; safety code for cranes, derricks and hoists;

code for pressure piping; classification of tools, fixtures and gages;

deep well vertical pumps ; electrical and magnetic magnitudes and

units; temperature measurement thermocouples; electrical equipment in coal mines; drainage in coal mines; wire rope for mines;

construction and maintenance of ladders and stairs for mines;

safety code for coal mine transportation; fire fighting equipment

in metal mines; electrical equipment in metal mines; recommended

safe practices for underground mine transportation; nuclear glossary subcommittee; reactor safety standards; abbreviations; letter

symbols; graphical symbols and designations; petroleum products

and lubricants; sieves for testing purposes; protective occupational

footwear; fluid permeation.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, John K.

Edmonds, Executive Vice President, 101 Park Avenue, New York,

N.Y. 10017

This Institute is the national technical specifying and trade

organization for companies who fabricate the structural steel frames for buildings and bridges. It engages in research,

engineering and promotion.

Its two major documents are ''The AISC Specification for the

Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings," and the ''Manual of Steel Construction." In addition, it published the "AISC Code of Standard Practice," and a number of

specifications for materials, products, and assemblies which may be

used in steel framed structures. The specifications and the Manual

are accepted and used universally by architects, engineers, building

code bodies, and Government agencies.

The Institute promotes steel construction through the efforts of a large national engineering stafl^ who supervise research projects,

determine standard design rules, compile engineering tables, and

advise concerning the most economic methods for designing steel structures. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF TIMBER CONSTRUCTION, Frank

J. Hanrahan, Executive Vice President, 1757 K Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

The Technical Advisory Committee of the Institute has the re- sponsibility for developing and keeping up to date industry stan- dards, including those on design, fabrication, assembly, erection,

construction details, cross arms, and industry practices. It also is responsible for making technical studies and formulating technical

recommendations in the structural and construction fields as warranted. The AITC Research Committee initiates and conducts

research leading to standards.

Efforts of these committees have resulted in the AITC "Tim36
ber Construction Manual" and the revised AITC 'Timber

Construction Standards."

The AITC carries on a Quality Control and Inspection Program

for Structural Glued Laminated Timber, which is based on the

industry-developed U. S. Commercial Standard CS253 for Structural Glued Laminated Timber and the AITC ''Inspection Manual."

Under the program, the Institute provides Quality Marks and

Certificates of Conformance to identify material which conforms

with the requirements of CS253.

AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE, John P. Roche,

President, 150 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

One of the major activities of this Institute is in connection with

a project involving the selection and standardization of a group of

steels to be known as standard steels. This work is being carried on under the auspices of the Institute by technical committees, the

titles of which are indicated by the following subjects with which

they deal: Alloy steel, axles, carbon steel bars, cold-rolled strip

steel, hot-rolled strip steel, plates, rails, semifinished steel, sheet

steel, structural shapes, tin plate, terneplate, and black plate, track

accessories, tubular products, wire rods and wire, wrought-steel

wheels, and specifications and publications.

Each of these individual technical committees is doing considerable work in classifying and defining the products, in collect- ing and compiling manufacturing tolerances and methods relative

to standard methods of inspection for the respective products, and

in reviewing existing specifications with a view toward standardizing those which are found to be most common. The work of the

respective committees is presented in a series of sections of a

''Steel Products Manual." All these committees have and still do,

from time to time, cooperate with agencies of the Federal Government, including the Department of Defense and Department of

Commerce, as well as with technical and trade organizations in

matters' relating to technical problems and specifications.

The Institute has published a book entitled "Light Gauge Cold

Formed Steel Design Manual" in which design standards for light

gauge structural sections are set forth.

It is officially represented on United States of America Standards Institute sectional committees on mechanical standards and

standardization of methods of recording and compiling accident

statistics, all standards and specifications for petroleum products

and lubricants, and fire tests of materials and construction.

AMERICAN LADDER INSTITUTE, Don E. Mowry, Executive

Secretary, 666 Lake Shore Drive, Suite 2353, Chicago, Illinois 60611

This Institute was one of three sponsors for the portable wood,

portable metal and fixed ladder codes enacted through the American Standards Association. The Institute, whose membership

comprises wood and metal ladder manufacturers throughout the

United States, has pioneered in the manufacture of wood and

metal ladders that comply with the provisions of these three codes.

37
In recent years there have been many accidents due to noncompliance with safety provisions of the Standard Ladder Codes. The

Institute has frequently called the attention of various agencies to the need for labeling both metal and wood ladders to indicate the

various kinds of ladders available and the purposes for which they

are designed, e.g., Light Household, Medium-Duty Household,

Heavy Household, Heavy-Duty Mechanics Extension Ladder,

Heavy-Duty Household Magnesium Flat Step Extension Ladder,

etc. In this way, the consumer is assisted in obtaining the

appropriate and safest ladder for his needs.

In addition, the Institute assisted the Office of Weights and

Measures at the National Bureau of Standards in developing the

proper kind of marking and dating of all ladders offered for sale in

the various States and territories. This action had become neces- sary due to complaints filed by several States which complained of

short measurements of ladders.

AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION, Dr. Fred

OTlaherty, Secretary-Treasurer, c/o University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221

This Association, organized in 1903, is the technical society of

the tanning and leather industry. Its membership consists of

active and associate members and also subscribers to its Journal.

The Association has a number of technical committees which

develop methods of analysis and testing. The final methods are

published as the official methods of the Association. The American Leather Chemists Association and the American Society for

Testing and Materials have a joint committee on the coordination

of physical test methods. The ALGA is also a member of the In- ternational Union of Leather Chemists Society and it participates

in the development of methods of international use. The methods of ALCA, which are reviewed and amended as necessary, are incorporated in Industry specifications. Full cooperation is maintained with its members which include representatives from practically every Government agency concerned with

leather or leather products. It is closely affiliated with the Tanners Council of America, the national trade association of the

leather industry. The membership of ALGA includes members

from the United States, Canada, Mexico, and 34 foreign countries.

AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, David H. Clift, Executive

Director, 50 East Huron Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611

This Association has long been active in developing standards,

both quantitative and qualitative, for library service, as shown by

the following ALA publications: ALA Standards for College

Libraries; ALA Standards for Junior College Libraries; Public

Library Service: A Guide to Evaluation, with Minimum Standards; Costs of Public Library Service, 1963; Interim Standards

for Small Public Libraries; Standards for Children's Services in

Public Libraries; Standards of Quality for Bookmobile Service;

Standards for Library Functions at the State Level; and Stan38
dards for School Library Programs. Another ALA standards

publication is College and University Library Accreditation Standards. The Committee on Accreditation develops and formulates

standards of education for librarianship.

ALA has also been a moving force in developing uniform codes

for analyzing information and cataloging it. The Association sponsors Sectional Committee Z85 of the

United States of America Standards Institute, which has three

subcommittees: No. 1 on Steel Bookstacks, No. 2 on Library Furniture, and No. 3 on Library Supplies. ALA's Library Technology

Project is v^orking through these three subcommittees to develop

structural test strengths for wood furniture and steel shelving,

performance standards for durability of finishes for steel shelving,

and standards for library supplies.

The Library Technology Project conducts a continuing testing

program of photocopiers, microfilm reader-printers, and other

reproduction equipment. These evaluations are, in fact, preliminary steps in establishing performance standards for this type of

equipment.

The Library Technology Project is also conducting a long-range

project to develop performance standards for library binding

through both laboratory use-testing and testing in the library.

AMERICAN LUMBER STANDARDS COMMITTEE, A. L. Agather,

Chairman, Libby, Montana; James H. Carr, Jr., Secretary, 2138 P

Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20037

This Committee is the successor to the Central Committee on Lumber Standards. It consists of 23 representatives of groups of

lumber manufacturers, lumber inspection agencies, architects,

engineers, contractors, home builders, wholesalers, retailers, millwork manufacturers, and other consumers as well as 5 government

agency representatives.

These' representatives of all elements of the softwood lumber

industry have in charge the maintenance of Simplified Practice

Recommendation R16, Lumber, and its revision when necessary.

The Committee's suggestions and proposed amendments, following general industry approval, appear in succeeding editions of

these basic standards, as published by the National Bureau of

Standards.

This Simplified Practice Recommendation sets forth the classifications, nomenclature, grading provisions, sizes, workings,

description, measurement, tally, shipping, grade marking, and

inspection provisions adopted voluntarily by the softwood lumber

industry as the basis for individual grading rules covering the

various species of softwood lumber as found in different areas of

the United States. In addition, the standards provide for the approval of inspection

agencies and grading rules submitted to the Committee's Board of

Review.

The recommendation was published initially in the year 1924 as a result of four general conferences of the industry, held in 1922,

1923, and 1924. In 1925, 1926, and 1928, the simplification pro39
gram was revised and amplified. In 1932 the shingles and moldings sections, only, were revised. This revision was published in

1933, as a separate booklet, supplementing Simplified Practice

Recommendation R16-29. An edition was also published in 1939.

In 1949 the Committee was reconstituted as the American

Lumber Standards Committee who immediately undertook the

revision of the standards to their present form.

The latest standard. Simplified Practice Recommendation

16-53, was published January 15, 1953. This edition sets up the

purpose, formation, and functions of the Committee and its Board

of Review. It provides for Classification of American Standard

Lumber, Standards for Grading, Standards for Grademarking,

General Recommendations, Size Standards, and has appendices on

nomenclature, definitions, and abbreviations. It also contains a

brief history of lumber standardization and the then membership

of the Committee.

The Committee was again reconstituted in 1965 with the membership being increased to give a broader representation. Present

and future efforts are largely in the direction of improvements in

lumber standardization and administration of the provisions of the

standards.

AMERICAN MINING CONGRESS, J. Allen Overton, Jr., Executive

Vice President, Ring Building, Washington, D. C. 20036

Standardization activities of this organization are currently carried on by its Coal Division, composed of coal-producing companies and manufacturers of mining equipment.

The following standards by the American Mining Congress,

sponsored solely or in cooperation with other groups, have been

approved by the United States of America Standards Institute as USA Standards: Safety code for installing and using electrical

equipment in and about coal mines; coal mine tracks, signals, and

switches; wire rope for mines; safety code for coal mine transportation, and specifications for roof bolting materials in coal mines.

AMERICAN MUTUAL INSURANCE ALLIANCE, Paul S. Wise,

General Manager, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606

The standardization work of this organization pertaining to occupational safety and health, and traffic safety, is carried on

with the United States of America Standards Institute of which it

is a member body. It is officially represented on the USASI Board

of Directors, Standards Council, Safety Standards Board, Highway Traffic Standards Board, Nuclear Standards Board, Conference of Member Bodies and over 65 technical sectional committees. The organization is Administrative Sponsor of the Safety

Code for Portable Wood Ladders, Safety Code for Portable Metal

Ladders, and Safety Code for Fixed Ladders. It is joint sponsor

of the Safety Code for Laundry Machinery and Operations, and

the Safety Code for Ladder Towers and Rolling Scaffolds.

In the fire safety field, all standardization work is carried on

with the National Fire Protection Association of which the Alli40
ance is an organization member and is officially represented on

the Board of Directors. This association is represented on approximately 15 NFPA technical committees engaged in the development of codes and standards in the fire prevention and fire protection fields. In addition, many member company engineers are members of NFPA technical committees in the name of their

company or under a personal membership.

AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY, Octave J. Du Temple, Executive

Secretary, 244 East Ogden Avenue, Hinsdale, Illinois 60521

The Standards Committee of this Society coordinates the activities of its several subcommittees in the preparation and promulgation of standards for the nuclear field, and represents the Society

in activities with other organizations engaged in cooperative or

similar activities. The activities of the subcommittees are indicated by their respective titles: ANS-1 Performance of Critical

Experiments; ANS-2 Site Evaluation; ANS-3 Reactor Operations Technical Specifications; ANS-4 Reactor Dynamics and

Control; ANS-5 Energy and Fission-Product Release; ANS-6

Shielding; ANS-7 Reactor Components; ANS-8 Fissionable Materials Outside Reactors; ANS-9 Nuclear Terminology and Reactor System Classifications; ANS-10 Standard Units in the Nuclear Industry; and ANS-11 Hot Laboratories and Specialized

Equipment.

One USASI Standard, USA N6.1-1964 Safety Standard for

Operations with Fissionable Materials Outside Reactors, has been

published and 14 others are in various stages of preparation.

AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY, Carl H. Hauber, Executive

Secretary, 35 East Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60601

This Society is a scientific organization concerned with basic

research on animal, marine and vegetable oils and fats; with their

extraction, refining, and use in consumer and industrial products

and with safety, packaging and quality control. The Society

publishes the ''Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society,"

offering original research manuscripts from the aforementioned

areas, often attributed to methodology. It also publishes the

''Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil Chemists'

Society," a two-volume, loose-leaf set, annually amended by official "Additions and Revisions." In an effort to offer increased uniformity, this Society offers accurately tested and graded natural

bleaching earth, activated bleaching earth, diatomaceous earth,

salt crude glycerine, and aluminum moisture dishes, all designed

for use with specific methodology. Sources of commercially available materials, instruments, and other products necessary to application of methodology is maintained. The Society sponsors Joint

Committees with the American Society for Testing and Materials,

Inter-Society Color Council, Association of Official Agricultural

Chemists, and American Association of Cereal Chemists. Representation is maintained on committees of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, National Fire Protection

41
Association, National Research Council, USA Committees for

ISO/TC 48 and ISO/TC 91, and the Advisory Board, Office of Critical Tables, National Academy of Sciences-National Research

Council.

AMERICAN OPTOMETRIC ASSOCIATION, J. Harold Bailey,

Administrative Director, 7000 Chippewa Street, St. Louis, Missouri

63119 (Headquarters); 1026 17th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20036

Originally organized in 1897, the Association today consists of over 13,500 optometrists. Its Committee on Standards guides the

profession in developing minimum standards to be used in evaluating ophthalmic materials such as lenses and frames, and standardization of instruments and devices utilized in the clinical practice of

optometry. In 1940 AOA resolved to promote lens standardization and urged the complete elimination of any lens of lower than

first quality.

AOA members were instrumental in developing United States of

America Standards Institute Standard Z80.1 covering Prescription Requirements for First Quality Glass Ophthalmic Lenses,

approved in 1964. Replacing earlier standards, AOA adopted the

USA Z80.1 standards in 1964. These standards cover the physical quality of opthalmic lenses in appearance, refractive powers,

refractive power addition, prism power, cylinder axis, segment

size, segment location, thickness and lens size. Coordinating its work with American lens manufacturers, the

Association is active in developing appropriate base curves. AOA

members, especially those in the military services, help develop

Federal Government standards relating to eyewear including Federal Specification FF-S-620a.

AOA has adopted the standard boxing method of eye size specification as the approved method for specifying eye size. The

Association urges all optical frame manufacturers to standardize

frame markings to include the manufacturer's name, eye size,

bridge size, overall temple lengths and to conform to the boxing

method of marking. The Committee on Standards is authorized to take the necessary steps to study and recommend the establishment of standards of quality in the production of ophthalmic

frames.

AOA coordinates its work with American lens, frame and equipment manufacturers, numerous governmental agencies and eye

care organizations.

AMERICAN ORDNANCE ASSOCIATION, Major General W. K. Ghormley, U. S. A. (Retired), Executive Vice President, Transportation Building, 17th and H Streets, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20006

This Association has been actively engaged for 46 years in

assisting the Department of Defense and, more recently, in cooperating with other Government agencies such as the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration and Atomic Energy Commission, in the formulation of Government, Departmental and

42
Interdepartmental policy and procedure standardization activities.

Guided missiles, small arms, artillery and fire control equipment,

tank and automotive equipment, ammunition of all types, aero- space vehicles, and the materials and components used in this

equipment are included in the Association's areas of activity.

In addition, the Association has active technical divisions con- cerned with production equipment and techniques, and standards

and metrology for the above commodities.

AMERICAN PAPER INSTITUTE, Robert E. O'Connor, President,

122 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Institute is the successor organization to the American

Paper and Pulp Association and its Divisions, and the National

Paperboard Association, having become fully operational with the

completion in January 1966 of the organizational details relating

to the merger of these several associations.

Because of the numerous grades of paper and paperboard

designed for many different uses, the problem of standardization is very complex. However, over a period of years, physical stan- dards as distinguished from quality standards have been developed

in the case of many paper grades. The American Paper Institute

will continue the interest of its predecessor organizations in this area. Through representation on the standing committee for Simplified Practice Recommendation R22 on paper, the former American Paper and Pulp Association assisted in the revision of a standard schedule of basic paper sheet sizes for bond and writing

papers, ledgers, looseleaf ledgers, machine posting ledgers, book

paper (coated and uncoated), index bristol, and cover paper.

Standard gauge lists for boxboard grades of paperboard were

adopted by members of the National Paperboard Association in

May 1958.^ The standards, together with definitions and trade

customs, are published in a booklet, ''Boxboard Standards."

Although not directly related to standardization proper, the Dictionary of Paper, now in its third edition (1965), contains over 500 pages of concise descriptions of pulps, other raw materials,

papers, paperboards, paper properties, and papermaking terms.

The contents of this publication afford considerable guidance in

the appraisal of paper grades, specifications, or standards.

Working in conjunction with the National Safety Council, the

American Paper and Pulp Association also cooperated with the

United States of America Standards Institute in the formulation

of a safety code for pulp and paper mills.

AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, F. N. Ikard, President,

and W. M. Wilson, Secretary, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New

York, N. Y. 10020

The principal activities of this Institute are simplification, stan- dardization, and improvement of equipment and methods used by

the petroleum industry. The fundamental purpose of this activity

is to prepare and maintain standards and methods acceptable both

43
to the industry and to the manufacturers of the equipment. This

purpose is accomplished through participation and cooperation

of users and manufacturers in the development and keeping up to date of such standards and methods.

The Board of Directors is the governing body of the Institute

and, as such, has authority to adopt, modify, or reject proposed

API Standards and Recommended Practices. Responsibility for

the major portion of the Institute's standardization work lies within its Divisions of Production and Refining, which were formed under a plan of organization adopted in 1929, and its Divisions of Transportation and Marketing, and Division of Sci- ence and Technology, established more recently.

In the Division of Production (William H. Strang, Director, 300

Corrigan Tower Building, Dallas, Texas) the authority to act on

matters relating to material standards and recommended practices

has been delegated by the Board of Directors, via the Division's

General Committee, to the Executive Committee on Standardization of Oilfield Equipment. Standing committees, subcommittees,

and task groups within the organization of and responsible to the

Executive Committee, have developed and maintain 50 specifications, bulletins, and recommended practices covering the following: Belting, Cable Drilling Tools, Boilers, Derricks and Masts,

Tubular Goods, Valves, Fittings and Flanges, Rotary Drilling

Equipment, Hoisting Tools, Wire Rope, Oil Well Cements, Production Equipment, Lease Production Vessels, and Drilling Fluid

Materials.

The standardization committees of the Division of Production

have formal representation or informal liaison with numerous

societies and associations, including the United States of America

Standards Institute, American Society for Testing and Materials,

American Welding Society, Manufacturers Standardization

Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, American Wellhead

Equipment Manufacturers Association, Society of the Plastics

Industry, American Gas Association, American Association of Oil

Well Drilling Contractors, and many others.

The Institute grants to manufacturers, upon application and

submission of a statement of qualifications, the right to affix its official monogram on material made in accordance with API stan- dards. Application of the monogram constitutes a warranty by

the manufacturer that he has complied with all of the conditions

and specifications set forth in the publication covering material so marked. The Institute reserves the right to revoke authorization

to use its monogram, for any reason satisfactory to the Board of

Directors.

The Committee on Refinery Equipment of the Division of

Refining (W. T. Gunn, Director, 1271 Avenue of the Americas,

New York, N. Y. 10020) conducts a program of standardization

dealing with various features of refinery equipment for petroleum

refinery service. Recommended practices or standards have been

published covering (1) Classification of Areas for Electrical

Installations, (2) Inspection, Repair, and Rating of Unfired Pres- sure Vessels in Service, (3) Design and Installation of PressureRelieving Systems, (4) Testing Procedure for Pressure-Relieving

44
Devices Discharging Against Variable Back Pressure, (5) Flanged

Steel Safety Relief Valves, (6) Commercial Seat Tightness of

Safety Relief Valves with Metal-to-Metal Seats, (7) Safety Relief

Valve Nameplate Nomenclature, (8) Calculation of Heater-Tube

Thickness, (9) Electrical Installations, (10) Installation of

Refinery Instruments and Control Systems, (11) Flanged and

Butt-Welding-End Steel Gate and Plug Valves, (12) Compact

Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves, (13) 150 lb., Light-Wall, Corrosion-Resistant Gate Valves, (14) Flanged Nodular Iron Gate and

Plug Valves, (15) Centrifugal Pumps, (16) Mechanical-Drive

Steam Turbines, (17) Centrifugal Compressors, (18) Reciprocating Compressors, (19) Design and Construction of Large, Welded,

Low-Pressure Storage Tanks, (20) Tube and Header Dimensions

for Fired Heaters, (21) Tube Dimensions for Heat Exchangers,

(22) Heat Exchangers, and (23) Welded Steel Tanks for Oil

Storage.

Projects underway include standards or recommended practices

for Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers, High-Speed Gears, Gas Turbines,

Process Steam Analyzers, Pressure Relief and Depressuring Systems, Valve Inspection and Testing, Venturi-Type Gate Valves,

and Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges.

The Committee on Disposal of Refinery Wastes has published

two collections of standard methods for analysis of (1) Waste

Gases, and (2) Waste Waters.

Transportation equipment used by the petroleum industry is covered generally by Federal and State regulations, but the Division of Transportation (B. H. Lord, Jr., Director, 1101 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036) cooperates and

assists in the preparation of such regulatory standards. In addition, the Division has fostered the development of standard methods of pipeline construction, maintenance, and operation.

Through its appropriate committees, the Marketing Division (A.

J. Rumoshosky, Director, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New

York, N. Y. 10020) encourages the development of standards of

materials, equipment (and equipment parts), packages, procedures

and product applications which will facilitate competitive replacement, reduce unit costs, promote safe operation, and assist consumers in their identification of general classes of products

appropriate for their requirements without limiting, however, the

general freedom of choice and variety of approach characteristic

of the marketing effort. The Division of Science and Technology (E. 0. Mattocks, Director, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N. Y. 10020)

through its several committees has developed standards on Measuring, Sampling, and Testing Natural Gas; Measuring, Sampling,

and Testing Natural Gasoline and Other Light Liquid Petroleum

Hydrocarbons; Measurement of Petroleum Liquid Hydrocarbons

by Positive Displacement Meter; Calibrating Tank Car Tanks and

Measuring, Sampling, and Calculating Tank Car Quantities

(Non-pressure-Type Tank Cars); Measuring, Sampling, and Calculating Tank Car Quantities and Calibrating Tank Car Tanks

(Pressure-Type Tank Cars); Measuring, Sampling, and Testing

Crude Oil; (5rude Oil Tank Measurement and Calibration; Lease

45
Automatic Custody Transfer; Shop Testing of Automatic LiquidLevel Gages; Volumetric Shrinkage Resulting from Blending Volatile Hydrocarbons with Crude Oils; The Design and Construction

of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installations at Marine and Pipeline

Terminals, Natural Gasoline Plants, Refineries, and Tank Farms

;

Tentative Methods of Measuring Evaporation Loss from Petroleum Tanks and Transportation Equipment; Evaporation Loss in

the Petroleum Industry—Causes and Control; Evaporation Loss

from Tank Cars, Tank Trucks, and Marine Vessels; Use of Plastic

Foam to Reduce Evaporation Loss; Evaporation Loss from LowPressure Tanks; Evaporation Loss from Floating-Roof Tanks;

Evaporation Loss from Fixed-Roof Tanks; Use of Internal Floating Covers for Fixed Roof Tanks to Reduce Evaporation Loss; and

Mechanical Displacement Meter Provers. The Fire and Safety

Committees have issued a great number of publications dealing

with various phases of petroleum activities.

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION, Dr. William S. Apple, Executive Director, 2215 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20037

This Association, established in 1852, stated as its first objective: *'To improve and regulate the drug market by preventing the

importation of inferior, adulterated or deteriorated drugs and by

detecting and exposing home adulterations." In 1888, the Association first published a formulary to standardize the formulas for

widely used dosage forms and to establish generally accepted

common names for these products.

In 1906, the original Federal Food and Drugs Act recognized the

American Pharmaceutical Association's "National Formulary" as one of the two official drug compendia in the United States. Since

1906, the character of the standards in the "National Formulary"

(N.F.) has changed drastically. The latest edition, N.F. XII, 1965,

based the selection of drugs admitted to it solely on the criterion of

therapeutic value. (For a complete description of this publication, see ''National Formulary.")

The Association, through the "National Formulary," encourages

the standardization of systems of weights and measures by utiliz- ing only the metric system in expressing doses of drugs and in all references to linear, weight, and volume units.

AMERICAN PLYWOOD ASSOCIATION, James R. Turnbull, Executive Vice President, 1119 A Street, Tacoma, Washington 98401

This Association represents member mills manufacturing softwood plywood used extensively in construction applications. The

Technical Services Division of the Association conducts research,

engineering, testing and inspection functions, and is responsible

for the development and publication of engineering standards.

In addition, the Association is sponsor of the nationally recognized Commercial Standards governing the manufacture of softwood plywood. These include CS45-60 for Douglas Fir,

CS259-63 for Southern Pine, and CS122-60 for Western Soft46
wood Plywood. All of these standards were recently combined

into one Product Standard PSl-66 for Softwood Plywood, Construction and Industrial, published by the Product Standards Section, National Bureau of Standards. By way of background, CS45

was first published in February of 1933; CS122 in November of

1944; and CS259 in November of 1963. Several revisions or amendments have since been made over the years to insure that the

Standards are up to date technically, and that they represent

current industry practice.

AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION, Berwyn F. Mattison, M.D., Executive Director, 1790 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10019

A major contribution of this Association is the development of

standards of procedure, personnel qualifications and practice. It publishes and continually updates Standard Methods for the

Examination of Dairy Products ; Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; and Standards for Healthful

Housing. It publishes other works where standards are included,

for example, Suggested Ordinance and Recommendations Covering

Public Swimming Pools. The APHA has representatives on various boards of the United States of America Standards Institute

and cosponsors USASI Sectional Committee A40 on Minimum

Requirements for Plumbing. APHA's Committee on Professional

Education has developed a series of Educational Qualifications for

various kinds of public health workers as well as standards of

accreditation for schools of public health. Its Professional Examination Service prepares examinations for Civil Service Departments, Merit System agencies and many licensing boards. APHA

committees also develop publications on such diverse subjects as TB control, radiological health and chronic disease which serve as guides for practitioners, scientists, technologists, administrators

and others concerned with public health problems.

AMERICAN PUBLIC WORKS ASSOCIATION, Robert D. Bugher,

Executive Director, 1313 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637

In 1937, the American Society of Municipal Engineers and the

International Association of Public Works Officials were merged to form this Association. Standardization and simplification activities of this organization are carried on by various committees

dealing with bituminous and concrete pavements, sewers, sidewalks and curbs, and subgrades and foundations. These committees are responsible for the preparation of standard specifications

covering materials and construction methods which are adopted

and published by the Association. Committees of this Association

cooperate with similar committees of other technical organizations

in the development of standards and specifications.

It is represented on committees of the American Society for

Testing and Materials covering Committee C-1, Cement Materials; C-9, Concrete and Concrete Aggregates; and D-4, Road and

Paving Materials. In addition, it is represented on United States

47
of America Standards Institute Committee A37, Road and Paving

Materials and B58, Vertical Turbine Pumps. The Association is also a member of the Highway Research Board of the National

Research Council.

AMERICAN RAILWAY ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION, E. W.

Hodgkins, Executive Secretary, 59 East Van Buren Street, Chicago,

Illinois 60605

This Association has two lives—one as a private association of

individual railway engineers and maintenance of way officers

and supervisors, the other as the entire Engineering Division

of the Association of American Railroads, operating in that ca- pacity under the Vice President, Operations and Maintenance

Department.

In both of these capacities the AREA, through its numerous

technical committees, maintains and keeps up-to-date by annual

supplements the ''Manual of Recommended Practice for Railway

Engineering," with respect to railway engineering and mainte- nance of way and structures. These committees are continuously

engaged in developing standards, specifications, test methods and

recommended practices on the following main subjects which comprise the several sections or chapters of the Manual: Definition of

terms, roadway and ballast, ties and wood preservation, rail, track,

buildings, wood bridges and trestles, masonry, highways, engineering and valuation records, water, oil and sanitation services, yards

and terminals, iron and steel structures, economics of railway

location and operation, electricity, contract forms, economics of

railway labor, waterways and harbors, maintenance-of-way work

equipment and clearances.

In addition, the Association maintains and keeps up-to-date by

the issuance of supplements the ''Portfolio of Trackwork Plans," some units of which have been adopted in whole or in part as standard by some railroads, and the fixed-property portions of the

"Electrical Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices."

The AREA, acting in both of its capacities, maintains representation on pertinent committees of a large number of national

technical societies, associations and other organizations, as well as with several Government agencies. In the United States of America Standards Institute, the Executive Secretary, AREA, in his

position as Executive Vice Chairman, Engineering Division,

AAR, serves on the Standards Council for the entire AAR organization. In addition, representation is maintained on many USASI

standards boards and sectional committees.

Within the American Society for Testing and Materials, the

associations are represented on a number of technical committees

engaged in the development of standard specifications and methods

of testing. Other organizations with which the AREA collabo- rates in one or both of its capacities through representation in

specific aspects of their work include the Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers,

American Lumber Standards Committee, American Welding

Society, American Iron and Steel Institute, American Concrete

48
Institute, Column Research Council, Edison Electric Institute,

Engineering Foundation, Forest Products Research Society,

National Association of Corrosion Engineers, National Bureau of

Standards, Reinforced Concrete Research Council and Steel

Structures Painting Council

AMERICAN ROAD BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION, Louis W. Prentiss,

Maj. Gen., USA (Ret.), Executive Vice President, 525 School Street, S.W., Washington, D. C. 20024

The Association has, as a major objective, the fostering and

encouraging of the full utilization of scientific and educational measures toward the accomplishment of an integrated national

highway and airport system adequate to accommodate the growth

and advancement of highways and air transportation necessary

for the civil economy and the national defense.

Membership in the American Road Builders' Association, working through eight operating divisions, includes Federal, State,

county, and city highway engineers and administrators as well as

consulting engineers. It includes also highway contractors, producers of highway materials, manufacturers and distributors of

highway machinery, banking and financing institutions, and educators in civil engineering colleges and universities.

Committees study problems relating to highway legislation,

finance, design, construction, maintenance, equipment, and operation. All efforts are constantly directed toward development of

improved standards to bring about utilization of new materials

and eliminate waste and improper methods, thereby accomplishing

greater economy in the highway and airport field. Every effort is made to avoid duplication in areas of activity of

other associations. The Association has cooperated and will continue to cooperate with other associations in joint activities. It has published numerous bulletins dealing with practical application of technical and semitechnical developments.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ABRASIVE METHODS, Robert J. Werner, Staff Assistant, 330 South Wells Street, Chicago, Illionois

60606

This Society's Standing Committee is responsible for the formulation and development of standards for abrasives. It cooperates

with the United States of America Standards Institute's Sectional Committee B74 on Abrasives, which is working on the development of identification and dimensional standards and standard

test methods for bonded, coated, and loose abrasives in the natural

and manufactured categories. The Society is also represented on Subcommittee No. 1 dealing with bonded abrasives and on Subcommittee No. 3 for diamond abrasives.

The Society also has a Survey Committee, the function of which

is to determine presently practiced feeds, speeds, and stock re- moval rates for grinding and other abrasive operations.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS, J. L.

Butt, Executive Secretary, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085

This Society is composed of four main technical divisions: (1)

Power and Machinery; (2) Farm Structures; (3) Electric Power

49
and Processing; (4) Soil and Water. Standards, recommendations, and data related to the interests of these four technical

divisions may be generally classified as follows: (a) Drying, Processing, Storage, Handling of Feeds and Foods (Equipment and

Practices and Design Data) —crops, milk, pelleting and wafering,

psychrometry; (b) Electrical Equipment, Wiring, Practices—milk

coolers and brooding equipment; (c) Soil and Water, Practices and

Equipment—drainage, erosion control (terraces), irrigation; (d)

Structures and Structural Equipment and Environment—fence,

grain storage, livestock shelter ventilation and construction, poultry shelter ventilation and construction, psychrometry, silos; (e)

Tractors, Machinery, Power Units and Components—machines,

belt drives, controls, draft and power requirements, dryers, fasteners, fuel requirements, hitches, hydraulic controls, lighting, lubrication, power take-offs, pulleys, tires, tractors, wagons, wheels,

and safety standards.

All ASAE Standards, Recommendations, and Data are published

annually in ^'Agricultural Engineers Yearbook."

In addition to the standardization activities within the ASAE,

this Society cooperates in standardization with the United States

of America Standards Institute, American Society for Testing and

Materials, Society of Automotive Engineers, American Society for

Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, and

various trade associations.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS, John W.

Andes, Executive Secretary, 515 Busse Highway, Park Ridge, Illinois 60068

This Society is the sponsor of United States of America Standards Institute Sectional Committee Z79 on Standards for

Anesthesia Equipment. The work of this committee is devoted to: Terminology, definition, units of measure, identification, dimensions and tolerances, and methods of test of anesthesia and breathing machine connecting pieces—including breathing tubes, masks

and bags—from the patient to the machine. The committee has

produced Standard Specifications for Endotracheal Tubes Z79.1-

1960, and Specifications for Endotracheal-Tube Connectors and

Adaptors Z79.2-1961. In the final preparation stage are Specifications for Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Adapters and Sequence.

The American Society of Anesthesiologists has, in addition, a Committee on Equipment and Standardization which maintains

liaison with the standardization work of other professional and

technical bodies in the medical field. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BAKERY ENGINEERS, Bernard Bergholz, Jr., Secretary-Treasurer, Room 833, Riverside Plaza Building, 2

North Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Illinois 60606

Standards developed by this Society for bakery equipment con- cern capacity of equipment, dimensions of equipment which pertain to operating practices, and nomenclature for capacity. These

standards are written in cooperation with the Bakery Equipment

Manufacturers' Association. The United States of America Stan50
dards Institute Safety Code for Bakery Equipment (Z50-1947) was sponsored by the Society and is presently being reviewed.

The Society is an active participant in the Baking Industry

Sanitation Standards Committee, which has published twentythree standards for sanitary design of bakery equipment. These

standards have been incorporated in the health code of many

municipal regulatory agencies.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CINEMATOGRAPHERS, Ray Rennahan, Secretary, 1782 North Orange Drive, Hollywood, California

90028

The Research and Educational Committee of this Society is engaged in standardization activities on an interdepartmental

basis within the motion picture industry.

The versatility and rapid expansion of present day wide screen motion picture production methods necessitate immediate stan- dardization of procedures within the industry for methods, equipment and/or agreements on aperture dimensions. One example of

the Society's work in this regard is ASC Recommendation No. 13,

covering the newly developed Techniscope wide screen production

method which is at present followed by all major studios throughout the world. This document sets forth technical facts as well as dimensions for camera aperature and ground glass and/or finder

markings.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, William H. Wisely,

Executive Secretary, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

The primary effort of ASCE in the field of standardization is channeled through the United States of America Standards Institute. Through representation on USASI committees and committees of other standards producing organizations, ASCE joins with

other societies in the creation of "USA Standards." Such activities within ASCE are coordinated by an Administrative

Committee on Standards.

The Society is represented on the United States of America

Standards Institute Board of Directors, Conference of Executives

of Organization Members, Standards Council, Construction Standards Board, Graphic Standards Board, Highway Traffic Standards Board, Nuclear Standards Board, and 22 USASI Sectional

Committees. It is also represented on American Society for Testing and Materials Committees C-1 Hydraulic Cement, C-4 Clay

Pipe, C-9 Concrete Aggregate, D-18 Soils for Engineering Purposes, and D-22 Methods of Atmospheric Sampling and Analysis.

In addition, the Society is a member of the following committees:

U. S. National Committees of International Standards Organization Technical Committees IS0/TC5 Pipes and Fittings, Subcommittee 6 Plastic Pipe and Fittings; and ISO/TC30 Fluid Flow,

Subcommittee 1 Flow Measurements in Open Channels; Association of Iron and Steel Engineers committee on Development of

Structural Steel Design Specifications for Heavy Mill Buildings;

Building Officials Conference of America, Inc. Industrial Advisory

Committee; and U. S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau

of Standards, American Lumber Standards Committee.

51
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND

AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, Robert C. Cross, Executive

Secretary, United Engineering Center, 345 'East 47th Street, New

York, N. Y. 10017

For over 72 years this Society has contributed standards vital to man's well-being and comfort—in office buildings, factories, school

and home construction; in food and beverage processing, storage

and distribution; in solar energy utilization; and, most recently, in

the nation's space program.

Probably no ASHRAE activity or accomplishment has a more

direct influence upon living conditions than its standards,

established to assist industry and the general public by offering a uniform method of testing equipment for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, and

by providing proper definitions of equipment.

At present, the Society has available over 30 standards, the

majority of them adopted during the past 25 years. These stan- dards pertain to areas of interest of ASHRAE members, such as methods of testing home freezers and household refrigerators; a

safety code for mechanical refrigeration intended to insure safe

design, construction, installation, operation and inspection of sys- tems using a fluid which is vaporized and normally liquefied in its cycle; method of testing room air conditioners; methods of testing

drinking water coolers with self-contained mechanical refrigeration systems; recommended practice for mechanical refrigeration

installation on shipboard; methods of testing bottled beverage cool- ers; methods of testing forced circulation, air-cooling coils (under

nonfrosting conditions) and air-heating coils; designation of re- frigerants; methods of testing desiccants for refrigerant drying;

criteria for testing the measurement of sound power radiated from

heating, refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment; methods of

testing unitary heat pump equipment and heat operated unitary

air-conditioning equipment for cooling; and methods of testing

nonresidential warm air heaters. Six ASHRAE Standards have

been approved as USA Standards.

ASHRAE Standards Project Committees are continually in the

process of promulgating new standards, as well as reviewing cur- rent standards so that they will reflect technical advances in the areas which they cover. The Society sponsors nine United States

of America Standards Institute projects, and Intersociety Representatives appointed by the Standards Committee have been active on these, as well as on fifty others. The Society is active on a number of projects of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has taken the lead in submitting several

standards for consideration as International Standards.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, Cecil

Blackwell, Executive Director, 615 Elm Street, St. Joseph, Michigan

49085

This Society, founded in 1903, consists of educators and government workers engaged in research, teaching, or extension work in

52
horticultural science, as well as firms and associations interested in

horticulture. It endeavors to promote and encourage national

interest in scientific research and education in horticulture.

Three committees of the Society are particularly active in stan- dardization related to the naming and description of varieties of

vegetables and fruits. These include the Committees on Citrus

Nomenclature, Fruit Breeding, and Vegetable Breeding and Varieties. The latter has full cooperation and support from the Garden

Seed Variety Committee of the American Seed Trade Association.

The Society is represented on United States of America Standards Institute Sectional Committee K62 Common Names for Pest

Control Chemicals, as well as its Council on Pesticide Application,

which is devoting major efforts to developing uniform nomenclature and specifications as to physical properties and rates of application. The Agricultural Research Institute, in which the Society

is also represented, is currently making studies of ''Breeder's

Rights," a proposed revision to the International Code of Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants, and International Certification of

Varieties.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LUBRICATION ENGINEERS, Donald

B. Sanberg, Executive Secretary, 838 Busse Highway, Park Ridge

Illinois 60068

This Society develops and promulgates standards on industrial

lubricants and lubrication practices. This activity began in 1962.

Since then, standards on 10 machine tool lubricants, and practices

involving the design of circulating oil systems for lubricating

paper machine dryer roll bearings have been published.

Additional standards are in the developmental stage.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, O. B. Schier II, Executive Director and Secretary, United Engineering

Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

This is a professional society organized to promote the art and

science of mechanical engineering and the allied arts and sciences;

to encourage original research; to foster engineering education; to advance the standards of engineering ; to promote the intercourse

of engineers among themselves and with allied technologists; to promote a high level of ethical practice; and in cooperation with

other engineering and technical societies to broaden the usefulness

of the engineering profession.

The Society has professional activities in the following fields: Air Pollution, Applied Mechanics, Automatic Control, Aviation

and Space, Diesel and Gas Engine Power, Energetics Group,

Fluids Engineering, Fuels, Gas Turbine Power, Heat Transfer,

Human Factors, Lubrication, Machine Design, Maintenance and

Plant Engineering, Management, Materials Handling Engineering,

Metals Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Petroleum, Plant Engineering and Maintenance, Power, Pressure Vessels and Piping,

Process Industries, Production Engineering, Railroad, Rubber and

Plastics, Safety, Solar Energy Applications, Textile Engineering,

and Underwater Technology.

53
The Society publishes "Mechanical Engineering" monthly and

the "Mechanical Catalog" annually. The "Transactions of the

ASME" is published in five quarterlies, viz: ''Journal of Applied

Mechanics," "Journal of Basic Engineering," "Journal of Engineering for Power," ''Journal of Engineering for Industry," and

"Journal of Heat Transfer."

The standardization activities of the Society have grown very

rapidly during the past thirty years, until now about 3,500 engi- neers and others are serving on more than 400 committees for

which the Society is sponsor or joint sponsor. In this work

approximately 300 organizations cooperate.

The Society was one of the founders of the American Standards

Association (now United States of America Standards Institute)

and its predecessor group, and has placed nearly all of its dimensional, graphical, and safety projects under the USASI Procedure.

The Society is sponsor or joint sponsor for 35 committees on

standards for plumbing equipment; screw threads and screw

thread gaging; pipe threads and pipe thread gaging; pipe and fire hose coupling threads; tolerances for cylindrical parts and limit

gages; machine tools, components, elements, performance and

equipment; gears; pipe flanges and fittings; keys, keyways and

keyseats; bolts, nuts, rivets, screws and similar fasteners; washers

and machine rings; transmission chains and sprocket teeth; steam,

air, oil, chemical, gas and nuclear piping; wire sizes; steel piping

and tube; pressure and vacuum gages; surface qualities; V-belts

and their drives; industrial cooling towers; metallic storage and

processing tanks for the chemical industry; calibration of instruments; dimensional metrology; splines and splined shafts; cutting

tools and holders; terminology for pressure relief devices; industrial corundum bearings; automatic control terminology; pallets;

freight, cargo and van containers ; mechanical shock and vibration;

letter symbols; abbreviations; drawings; drafting practice;

graphic symbols; and industrial engineering terminology. In addition, the Society serves as sponsor or joint sponsor for 12 more

committees dealing with the establishment of safety codes for

identification of piping systems; elevators; manlifts, escalators

and passenger elevators; mechanized parking garage equipment;

power operated platforms for exterior building maintenance;

mechanical power-transmission apparatus; compressor systems;

conveyors and cableways; cranes, derricks and hoists; powered

industrial trucks; aerial passenger tramways; and nuclear reactor

safety standards. It also maintains representation on 87 other

committees engaged in work on engineering standards. It has

played an increasingly active part in the USA's efforts in international standardization in the field of mechanical engineering under

the auspices of the International Standardization Organization

(ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC).

One of the Society's most notable technical committee accomplishments is the development of the ASME Boiler and Pressure

Vessel Code, the last edition of which was issued in 1965. This

code, which is divided into seven sections, contains rules for the

construction of power boilers to be used in stationary service,

miniature boilers, nuclear pressure vessels, heating boilers and

unfired pressure vessels, as well as the care of power boilers in

54
service and rules for welding qualification. One section contains

the specifications for the materials to be used in code construction.

The Society also issues interpretations of these rules, including

their application to nuclear power constructions.

The detailed specifications, formulas, tables of dimensions, diagrams and sketches in the code cover plates, tubes, piping, welded

and riveted joints, domes, dished and flat heads, braced and stayed

surfaces, stays, headers, access and nozzle openings, safety valves,

gages, fittings and appliances, welding and welding qualification

procedure.

Other recommendations apply to efficiency of joints, method for

certifying safety-valve capacity, standard practice for making

hydrostatic tests on a boiler pressure part, rules for existing

installations, and for the approval of new materials under the

code. Rules for nuclear reactor and nuclear containment vessels are also covered. Sample manufacturers' data report forms are

also included.

In addition, there have been prepared and issued by the Society

32 power test codes, 2 supplementary codes, and 34 auxiliary sec- tions of information on instruments and apparatus. These codes

give standard directions for conducting acceptance tests and for

determining the performance of power generating and using

equipment.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METALS, Allan Ray Putnam, Managing

Director, Metals Park, Ohio 44073

This Society publishes the ''ASM Metals Handbook,'' which contains over 300 articles or reports on the application, manufacture,

fabrication, treatment, and testing of metals and alloys, both fer- rous and nonferrous. These articles and reports have been prepared by individual authors and technical committees. In a large measure they point up recommended practices, or they summarize

data that will be of value to groups working on standardization.

The Society maintains representation on the Intersociety Corrosion Committee of the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, and the Joint Committee on Definitions of Heat-Treatment

Terms. This committee reports jointly to the American Foundrymen's Association, American Society for Metals, American Society

for Testing and Materials, and Society of Automotive Engineers.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY, C. E. Palmer,

Secretary-Treasurer, 105 North Virginia Avenue, Falls Church, Virginia 22046

The Society publishes a Manual of Photogrammetry. The Third

Edition, published in February 1966, presents a comprehensive

collection of practical operating instructions and engineering fundamentals of photogrammetry. It includes references to important applications of the science as currently practiced in the United

States, with chapters on Photogrammetry in the Space Age and

Radargrammetry. Of primary importance is the fact that it provides, for the use of professional workers in photogrammetry, the

55
standard or current American practices for the construction of

maps including large scale engineering type plans, standard topographic quadrangles, and small-scale reconnaissance and planning

charts.

A Manual of Photographic Interpretation, published by the

Society in 1960, is another authoritative reference work which

presents the theory of photo-interpretation as well as procedures

for use in geology, soils, engineering, hydrology, archaeology,

urban area analysis, agriculture, forestry, geography, and range

management. The Manual is profusely illustrated and is a complete text for use in the field and for training purposes.

The Official Journal of the Society entitled "Photogrammetric

Engineering," is presently published bimonthly. It contains technical articles and information on research, methods, equipment,

specifications, costs, etc., for mapping, highway work, geologic

investigation, forestry, agriculture, multiband photography, spectrazonal photography, soils and other uses. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY CONTROL, Charles A.

Bicking, Executive Secretary, 161 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203

As the professional organization in the quality control field,

ASQC has been active in developing and publishing standards

since its organization in 1946. It assumed cognizance of American

War Standards Zl.l and Zl.2-1941 on Guide for Quality Control

and Control Chart Method of Analyzing Data, and Z 1.3-1942 for

Control Chart Method of Controlling Quality During Production,

and obtained the concensus leading to their adoption as American

Standards in 1958 (now USA Standards). The Society's Standing

Committee on Standards has published the following standards:

Al-1951 Definitions and Symbols for Control Charts; A2-1962

Definitions and Symbols for Acceptance Sampling by Attributes;

A3-1964 Glossary of General Terms Used in Quality Control; Bl

and 2-1958 same as Zl.l and Zl.2-1958, and B3-1958 same as Zl.3-1958.

The scope of the Standards Committee is as follows: It shall

keep under continuing observation those concepts, symbols,

nomenclatures, terms, definitions, and procedures in use by quality

control engineers; shall select, following study of these and similar

matters, those items which, in its opinion the Society would find

advantage in standardizing; and shall make recommendations in

due course to the Board of Directors for such standardization by

the Society.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SAFETY ENGINEERS, A. C. Blackman,

Secretary and Managing Director, 5 North Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60602

The Society is composed of career safety specialists, organized

to promote and foster the increase of knowledge of accident causation and control, and to maintain high standards in the profession.

Standards activities are under the supervision of the Standards

Committee. The Society channels its standardization activities

56
through the United States of America Standards Institute, being

represented on some 60 sectional committees. The Standards

Committee has 12 Technical Review Subcommittees composed of

individuals particularly knowledgeable in various subjects. The

Technical Committees are Electrical and Electronic Standards;

Building Standards; Material Handling Standards; Pressure

Vessel Standards; Statistical Standards; Personal Protective

Equipment Standards; Machine and Guarding Standards; Fire

Protection and Prevention Standards; Elevator, Escalator, and

Manlift Standards; Above Floor Level Equipment Standards;

Chemical, Radiation and Industrial Hygiene Standards; and Motor

Vehicle and Highway Standards.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SANITARY ENGINEERING, Sanford

Schwartz, National Secretary, 228 Standard Building, Cleveland,

Ohio 44113

This Society was established in 1906 primarily for the purpose

of promoting health, welfare and safety of the public through bet- ter sanitary principles as related to plumbing. The Society has

endeavored to develop rules and regulations for the advancement

of sanitary science in plumbing, encourage standardization and

project the need for practical and scientifically developed plumbing

installations. As a help to both manufacturers and local officials,

the ASSE established the Seal Program. This Seal, displayed on a

product, will indicate that the product has been tested and certified

for compliance with a standard having the consensus of manufacturers of that class of product and is acceptable to the ASSE.

Standards developed thus far are: #1001, Pipe Applied Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers; #1002, Water Closet Flush Tank

Ball Cocks; and #1003, Water Pressure Reducing Valves for

Domestic Water Supply Systems. The Standards Committee is presently working to develop standards for products relating to plumbing and. sanitation.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS, T. A.

Marshall, Jr., Executive Secretary, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania 19103

This is a national nonprofit, technical, scientific and educational

society of over 13,000 members, founded in 1898 and formally

incorporated in 1902 for the purpose of ''the promotion of knowledge of the materials of engineering, and the standardization of

specifications and the methods of testing."

The Society's work concerns primarily standardization and

research in materials. It is, and has been for more than 65 years,

specifically interested in the quality and tests of materials and only

indirectly does it become involved in design problems, dimensional

standards, and related matters.

As of June 1965, 3700 standard specifications, methods of tests,

and definitions were in effect and hundreds of research projects were under way involving some 13,500 of the country's leading

engineers, scientists, research workers and educators. All of this

activity is of tremendous import to American industry, municipal,

57
state, and the Federal governments and other bodies and nations.

Its standards and other activities are used throughout the world.

Membership. Of the 13,000 regular members of the Society,

about 2,600 are corporate memberships and the balance are individual members or Federal, State, and municipal departments;

universities and technical schools; or, technical societies and

libraries. Not included in this field are upward of 1,100 student

members at leading technical schools. Over 400 companies support the Society through sustaining memberships by contributing

dues which are higher than for the regular type of company membership. About 15 percent of the membership is from outside of

the United States. In addition to members of the Society, there are about 8,100

other individuals who are active in the Society's committee work,

representing various companies which are members of the Society.

Thus, all told, there are about 21,100 members, committee

members and students.

Purpose and Activity. In both phases of activity, standardization and research, the ASTM standing technical committees

occupy a most important position. It has been rightly said that

these committees are the heart of ASTM. An understanding of

their organization and how they function in relation to the parent

society is essential.

At the outset it should be stated that the activity is of a cooperative nature, and all members of the committees serve voluntarily.

The committees function under definite regulations, governing the

personnel and methods of procedure. Each committtee is made up

of three main classes of membership—producers, consumers, and

general interests. This latter class comprises independent authorities who have expert knowledge of the materials to be studied, but

who are not concerned directly with their production or use. The

''producer" group may not predominate in any committee. It is recognized that no specification covering the quality and methods

of testing a material or product will come into wide usage unless it is satisfactory to both the consumer and producer. The ASTM

setup is thus fundamental in its standardization procedure,

whereby the producers and consumers of materials are brought

together on an equal footing.

Standardization Procedure. Proposed standards or revisions

of existing standards originate in the committee having jurisdiction in that particular field. After detailed study and work involving methods of determining properties of materials, nomenclature,

etc., a proposed standard is evolved which is submitted at a meeting of the committee. Actions affecting the proposed standard

are subject to a two-thirds letter ballot vote of the entire committee. If accepted by the Society, the specification or test method is published as tentative for a j^ear or more to elicit criticism and

comments of which due cognizance is taken before the committee

recommends that the tentative document be adopted by the Society

as standard. Each standard before adoption is submitted to letter

ballot vote of the entire Society membership and a two-thirds

favorable vote of those voting is necessary before adoption.

Research, Knowledge of Materials. Obviously, research and

standardization go hand in hand. C. B. Dudley, the Society's first 58
president, and a pioneer in the development of specifications, after

enumerating certain requirements of a workable specification for

material, states that "above all it should embody within itself the

results of the latest and best studies of the properties of the

materials which it covers." Early recognition of this fact and its continued recognition through the years undoubtedly have contributed more basically than any other factor to the wide use and

established authority of the Society's standards.

Painstaking investigation and study of experience accumulated

over years of service are often required before an adequate specification can be prepared. Agreement must be reached on the

properties of materials to be specified and methods of testing

them. Due cognizance of manufacturing details, methods of

inspection, and marking, should be given.

The Society sponsors research in different ways, but primarily

through the extensive activities of its many standard and research

committees. These are correlated by an Administrative Committee on Research. This group also has charge of the Research Fund

from which contributions are made as the need arises to further

worthy research projects.

An important factor also is the opportunity afforded technical

and research investigators to give results of their work in papers

at ASTM meetings. Each year many such contributions containing important data and information on the properties of materials

and their testing are published. This activity is a vital factor in

the continuing education of engineers and scientists concerned

with materials.

Cooperation With Other Groups and the Federal Government.

The Society recognizes the value and importance of cooperating

with other organizations both in standardization and in research

activities wherever a common interest exists. Accordingly, the

Society has joined with other national bodies in a great many in- vestigative movements. These frequently take the form of joint

committees. A phase of cooperation which the ASTM believes is most important in advancing the knowledge of engineering materials, is the joint sponsorship with other groups of symposiums

held on important engineering topics. The Society has cooperated

with such bodies as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Foundrymen's Society, Society of Automotive

Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers, Soil Science

Society of America, and many others.

Among other societies and activities in which the Society is officially represented are the following: National Research Council,

Engineering Foundation, American Society for Metals, American

Ceramic Society, American Welding Society, Inter-Society Color

Council, Engineers Joint Council, and others.

The Society, one of the five originators of the American Standards Association, (now United States of America Standards

Institute), a clearinghouse for standardization activities, is the

sole or joint sponsor of many USASI projects and more than a

third of the standards approved by USASI were developed and

published by the Society.

Numerous divisions of the Federal Government cooperate

closely with the Society and its technical committees, and the

59
assistance rendered by the Federal Government and by various

branches of the State and municipal governments, in particular

highway departments, is invaluable. Particular mention should

be made of the cooperation of the National Bureau of Standards

and its personnel. The latter is a relatively large group of scientists and engineers of broad training and experience concerned

especially with developing factual information on many problems

related to materials, and as such bring to the large number of

ASTM technical committees on which they are active, an invaluable background. The Bureau personnel is the largest ''general

interest" group in the Society.

The Bureau of Mines, Public Roads Administration, Forest

Products Laboratory, Bureau of Reclamation, Department of

Defense, and other Federal departments have rendered much service. All of these groups, of course, receive benefits from this

work—many ASTM standards are used by the Federal Government; the Society by publishing various technical contributions

from the Federal Government helps disseminate knowledge.

Service branches of the Federal Government are active in ASTM

work, the Army, Navy, and Air Force, being represented on committees; they help with various research projects and are vitally

concerned with the requirements in ASTM specifications and tests. Marking Requirements in ASTM Standards. Many of the

ASTM specifications require that the products covered shall be

marked or identified as to name or brand of the manufacturer,

kind of material (in case of different grades or classes), certain

testing information (hydrostatic test pressure, in case of pipe),

and the ASTM serial designation identifying the specific standard.

Publications. The methods of publishing standards and the

very widespread distribution of these publications aid greatly in

facilitating their use. For ease of reference the standards are

published in collective form and each is also issued in separate

pamphlet form. Of predominant interest is the ''Book of ASTM

Standards." Each of its present 32 parts is published annually in

various months of the year. A listing of their titles will give some

idea of the tremendous breadth of the Society's interest in materials. Part 1 on Steel Piping Materials; Part 2 on Ferrous Castings; Part 3 on Steel Sheet, Strip, Bar, Rod, Wire, Chain, and

Springs; Wrought Iron Bar and Sheet; Metallic Coated Products;

Part 4 on Structural Steel, Concrete Reinforcing Steel; Boiler and

Pressure Vessel Plate; Steel Rails, Wheels, and Tires; Bearing

Steel; Steel Forgings; Ferrous Filler Metal; Ferro-Alloys; Part 5 on Copper and Copper Alloys (including Electrical Conductors);

Part 6 on Light Metals and Alloys (including Electrical Conductors); Part 7 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys (including Corrosion Tests) ; Die-Cast Metals; Electrodeposited Metallic Coatings;

Metal Powders; Nonferrous Filler Metal; Part 8 on Magnetic Properties; Metallic Materials for Thermostats and for Electrical Resistance, Heating, and Contacts; Materials for Electron Devices and

Microelectronics; Part 9 on Cement; Lime; Gypsum; Part 10 on

Concrete and Mineral Aggregates; Part 11 on Bituminous Materials for Highway Construction, Waterproofing, and Roofing; Soils;

Skid Resistance; Part 12 on Mortars; Clay and Concrete Pipe and

Tile; Masonry Units; Asbestos-Cement Products; Building Stone;

60
Part 13 on Refractories; Glass, Ceramic Materials; Part 14 on Thermal Insulation, Acoustical Materials; Joint Sealants; Fire

Tests; Building Constructions; Part 15 on Paper; Packaging; Cellulose; Casein; Flexible Barrier Materials; Leather; Part 16 on

Structural Sandwich Constructions; Wood; Adhesives; Part 17 on Petroleum Products—Fuels, Solvents, Engine Tests, Burner Fuel

Oils, Lubricating Oils, Cutting Oils, Lubricating Greases, Hydraulic Fluids; Part 18 on Petroleum Products—Measurement and

Sampling, Liquefied Petroleum Gases, Light Hydrocarbons, Plant

Spray Oils, Sulfonates, Crude Petroleum, Petrolatum, Wax,

Graphite; Part 19 on Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke; Part 20 on

Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products—Materials Specifications and Tests ; Naval Stores ; Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Part 21 on Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related

Products—Tests for Formulated Products and Applied Coatings;

Part 22 on Sorptive Mineral Materials ; Soap ; Engine Antifreezes

;

Wax Polishes; Halogenated Organic Solvents; Part 23 on Industrial Water; Atmospheric Analysis; Part 24 on Textile

Materials—Yarns, Fabrics, General Methods; Part 25 on Textile

Materials—Fibers, Tire Cords, Felts, Nonwoven Fabrics, Floor

Coverings, Zippers; Part 26 on Plastics—Specifications (with

Closely Related Tests); Part 27 on Plastics—General Methods of

Testing; Part 28 on Rubber; Carbon Black; Gaskets; Part 29 on

Electrical Insulating Materials; Part 30 on General Testing Methods; Fatigue; Statistical Methods; Appearance Tests; Temperature

Measurement; Effect of Temperature; Part 31 on Metallography;

Nondestructive Testing; Radioisotopes and Radiation Effects;

Industrial Chemicals ; Emission, Absorption, and Mass Spectroscopy; and Part 32 on Chemical Analysis of Metal; Sampling and

Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores.

In addition to these there are several hundred adjuncts to the

''Book of ASTM Standards." These are comparison standards

that cannot be included in the book and must be made available in- dependently. They include such things as reference photographs

for metallic grain size and microstructure, for appearance of cotton yarns, for paint blistering, for inclusions in steel and for magneticparticle indications of faults in metals. They include actual

specimens of mica for grading visual and electrical quality, and

sets of aluminum strips on which have been lithographed colors

typical of the corrosion products on copper after exposure to gasoline and other fuels. They include replicas of the color stan- dard to determine the thermal stability of aviation turbine fuels. A yearly index to ASTM standards, including tentative stan- dards, is published and distributed without charge. This publication covering some 250 pages gives under appropriate key words

the titles of the standards together with the page and full reference to the ASTM publications in which they appear.

A great many of the Society's standards are reprinted by industrial companies and are used in textbooks and reference publications. Permission to reprint is frequently given ; however, the

Society has invoked a modest charge for the right to reprint

standards when the published material is used for commercial

purposes.

Especially notable has been the widespread use of ASTM stan- 61
dards in various building codes such as those recommended by the

Building Officials Conference of America, Inc., Southern Building

Congress, American Insurance Association, (formerly National

Board of Fire Underwriters), International Building Officials Conference, the codes issued by New York City, Chicago, Boston, and

others. The Materials Section of the Boiler Code Committee of

the American Society of Mechanical Engineers is based on ASTM

specifications. There are numerous other related ways in which

ASTM specifications are used.

The Society's technical magazine, ''Materials Research & Standards," is published monthly and is effective in promoting the

knowledge of the Society's activities and stimulating the use of its specifications and tests. Through numerous meetings, the Annual

Meeting and Committee Week of the Society and various local and

national meetings, the importance of standardization is stressed.

Mention should be made of the close cooperation of a great many

technical and business journals that, with knowledge of the es- sential nature of the Society's work, include technical articles

and news accounts of the progress in the field of engineering

materials where ASTM functions.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TOOL AND MANUFACTURING

ENGINEERS, John W. Groomes, General Manager, 20501 Ford

Road, Detroit, Michigan 48128

The Society's National Standards Committee encourages and

promotes the critical review of existing standards and the development and proposal of new standards by its chapters.

Company manufacturing and product standards are part of the

daily life of ASTME members. National standards, where available, are most helpful to members involved in the many aspects of

tooling and manufacturing. The continual extension and improvement of those standards are of vital concern to this 40,000-member

Society.

ASTME acts as a clearinghouse between its chapters and the

United States of America Standards Institute, of which the

Society is a member. ASTME is represented on twenty-three

USASI Committees covering such areas as B5 Small Tools and

Machine Tool Elements; B6 Standardization of Gears; Bll Safety

Code for Presses; and BIT Keys and Keyways. The Society sponsors five USASI Sectional Committees: B52 Classification of Materials for Tools, Fixtures and Gages; B67 Industrial Diamonds; B87

Decimal Inch; B98 Tooling Nomenclature; and Z75 Scales for Use

with Decimal Inch Measurement, and is represented on the USASI

Standards Council; Graphic Standards; Mechanical Standards;

and Information Processing Systems Boards. It also holds membership in the Canadian Standards Association and the Standards

Association of Australia.

AMERICAN SOYBEAN ASSOCIATION, George M. Strayer, Executive Vice President and Secretary-Treasurer, Hudson, Iowa 50643

This Association is the nationwide organization of soybean producers, and is particularly concerned with standardization of

62
grades for soybeans and soybean products, both for domestic sale

and sale into the export markets. Because the United States is by

far the largest shipper in world markets, it is necessary that

buyers and handlers in other countries of the world understand the

standards established on U. S. beans. The Association's major

activity, therefore, is in the field of grading standards for soybeans, where it works closely with the Grain Division of the

Department of Agriculture. For example, the Association is presently engaged in negotiations which will result in the establishment of a special export grade, designed for food manufacturers

in various countries who want a quality of soybeans higher than

that provided in the current Federal grading standards.

The Association also has a direct interest in the standards

established for Al^h protein soybean meal, 44 protein soybean

meal, 50% protein soybean meal, soy flour, soy grits and the

various types of soybean oil. Since U. S. soybeans and soybean

products are relatively new commodities in the world markets,

there is the problem of acquainting buyers with U. S. grading

standards, establishing grading standards which are practical

from our standpoint and from those of the buyer, and of changing

the standards when it is deemed desirable.

AMERICAN SPICE TRADE ASSOCIATION, Stewart P. Wands,

Executive Vice President, 76 Beaver Street, New York, N. Y. 10005

This Association maintains a Standards Committee whose function it is to adopt standards of qualities for whole spices, seeds, and

herbs imported at American ports of entry. Through the Spice

Grinders and Processors Section, the Association sponsored the

m.ovement for a simplified schedule of stock sizes of tin and silver

spice containers which led to the establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendation R170-38, published by the National Bureau

of Standards.

The Association has developed a publication known as ''Official Analytical Methods" for analyzing spices. These methods, developed by the Association's Research Committee in conjunction with

the Eastern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, contain 12 general methods for analyzing spices and 9 methods for

analyzing specific spices.

AMERICAN SPROCKET CHAIN MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Lester E. Stybr, Executive Director, 819 South Aldine

Avenue, Park Ridge, Illinois 60068

This organization is interested in standardization of dimensions

of roller, silent, engineering steel and malleable iron chains,

sprockets and wheels for the purpose of securing interchangeability, and also in standard recommendations for power capacity

and speed of these chains. Subcommittees of engineers are appointed from time to time to deal with specified subjects, and

their work is reviewed and approved by the entire Association.

The Association, itself, does not publish standards, preferring to sponsor standards for adoption through the procedure of the

63
United States of America Standards Institute. It cooperates with

the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Society of Automotive Engineers, American Petroleum Institute, Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association, and the American Gear

Manufacturers Association in standardization matters of mutual

interest. In cooperation with some of these organizations, the

Association has secured the adoption by the United States of

America Standards Institute of the following standards: B29.1-

1963; B29. 2-1957; B29. 3-1954; B29. 4-1954; B29. 5-1954;

B29.6-1962; B29.8-1958; B29.9-1950; and B29. 10-1962.

AMERICAN TRUCKING ASSOCIATIONS, Ray G. Atherton,

General Manager, 1616 P Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

This organization has developed and published two Recommended Equipment Specifications which have been adopted by the

Society of Automotive Engineers. The first is ATA Specification

E-1-1961 entitled ''Electrical Connector for Truck Trailer

Jumper Cable, including Cable Plug, Trailer Socket and Uniform

Wiring Pattern." This specification covers the details, dimensions

and design of the parts of both cable plug and trailer receptacle

which must mate together properly to permit interchangeable use

of different makes of connectors. Also included is a uniform

wiring pattern for trailer electrical circuits and their connection to

specific contacts in the connector socket and cable plug.

The second specification which this organization publishes is ATA Specification E-3-1961 for ''Electrical Lighting and Wiring

for Commercial Vehicle Bodies." This covers the details, dimensions and design of all the lamps and reflectors which are to be

used on all truck, semitrailer or full trailer bodies. The second

section covers the details, lengths, gage and diagram of the wiring

for the lamps to provide standardization and ease of maintenance

for truck and trailer lighting.

AMERICAN VENEER PACKAGE ASSOCIATION, Alvin A. Voges,

Secretary-Manager, \22bV2 North Orange Avenue, Orlando, Florida

32804

The majority of products represented by this Association are

subject to the U. S. Container Acts of 1916 and 1928 as to the size

and shape. Accordingly, specification limitations have been developed in cooperation with the National Container Committee, AAR.

The Association maintains a standing committee on Standards

and cooperates with organizations and Government bodies con- cerning matters relating to standardization of containers, particularly to fruit and vegetable baskets, hampers, and crates. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, H. E. Kingman, Jr., Executive Secretary, 600 South Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60605

The standardization activities of this Association are vested

primarily in the Council on Biological and Therapeutic Agents.

The duties of the Council are: (1) Study the prophylactic and

therapeutic merits of the various biological products employed in

64
the practice of veterinary medicine; (2) study the merits of proprietary pharmaceutical preparations employed in the practice of

veterinary medicine; (3) cooperate with the Food and Drug

Administration of the Federal Department of Health, Education

and Welfare, and the Agricultural Research Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in removing undesirable products from

the drug and food markets; and (4) cooperate with other groups in

the medical profession engaged in similar activities.

AMERICAN WALNUT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

Donald H. Gott, Executive Director, 666 North Lake Shore Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

This Association cooperates in the development of rules for

grading American walnut lumber which are published by the

National Hardwood Lumber Association and the Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers Association in its rules for measurement and

inspection of hardwood lumber, veneers, thin lumber and plywood.

These grading rules are in general use, not only in the United

States but also in foreign countries.

AMERICAN WAREHOUSEMEN'S ASSOCIATION, Donald E. Horton, Executive Vice President, 222 West Adams Street, Chicago,

Illinois 60606

Since its founding in 1891, the Association has had an active

interest in standardization programs affecting the industry. It recently revised the Standard Contract Terms and Conditions for

Merchandise Warehousemen that have been widely used since

1926.

Suggested accounting and cost control practices for the industry

have been evolved over years of study by AWA committees. An

extensive Standardized Documentation and Office Procedures Program has been developed that provides standard procedures and

documentation compatible with all currently produced data processing and mechanized office equipment.

AWA is represented on the General Storage Committee of the

National Fire Protection Association which develops recommendations on fire protection standards for storage facilities. AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS INSTITUTE, Hugh G. Wales, Executive Director, GOSVz East Green Street, Champaign, Illinois 61822

The United States Government, through the military, has begun

a program to standardize jewel bearings in timepieces utilized by

the Armed Services. This involves a consensus from jewel manufacturers, procurement officials and other interested elements

within the watch industry. The American Watchmakers Institute

is represented in all of the conferences that are held to establish

these standards.

In addition, this Institute serves in an advisory capacity to the

British Standards Institution in connection with their project to standardize definitions in regard to movements which use jewels.

The specific location of the jewels in pin lever and jewel lever

65
movements is critical, and the British Standards Institution is attempting to establish standards for the type of movement and

the location of the jewels therein. Ultimately, these standards

may be used on an international level. AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION, Raymond J. Faust,

Executive Secretary, 2 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016

The Committee on Standardization, operating under a procedure

adopted by the Board of Directors, produces documents that may,

with appropriate modifications, serve as contract specifications for

the purchase of materials or services; and compilations of basic

data, usually of a design nature, concerning materials or services,

which may assist a purchaser to prepare contract specifications.

The Standardization Committee appoints such subcommittees as

it may deem necessary to properly carry on its work.

There are currently 69 Standards, covering such items as deep

wells; filtering materials; chemicals for softening, disinfection,

coagulation, scale and corrosion control, taste and odor control,

prophylaxis; cast iron pipe; steel pipe; concrete pipe; asbestoscement pipe; valves and hydrants; pipe laying; water meters; steel water tanks; and vertical turbine pumps.

Task Groups in the Divisions of the Association are actively

engaged in experimental use and testing of materials and products.

The work done and data developed by the Task Groups frequently

result in the formation of working committees to prepare new

standards for equipment, materials or procedures.

The Association maintains representation on numerous committees of certain other technical organizations. The Association

sponsors United States of America Standards Institute Sectional

Committee B58 on Vertical Turbine Pumps, and is co-sponsor of

the USASI Sectional Committee A21 on Cast-Iron Pipe and Fittings. The Association has official representation on other USASI

Sectional Committees for such things as scheme for identification

of piping systems, national plumbing code, dimensional standardization of plumbing equipment, pipe threads, pipe flanges and

fittings, plastic pipe, industrial cooling towers, heat exchangers,

storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia, abbreviations, letter symbols, method of recording and measuring work injury

experience, fluid permeation, etc. In cooperation with committees of the American Public Health

Association and the Water Pollution Control Federation, a committee of this Association assists in the preparation—and revision

every five years—of the publication, ''Standard Methods for the

Examination of Water and Wastewater," which is now in its 11th

edition.

It cooperates with committees of the National Fire Protection

Association on hydrants, valves, pipe fittings, public water supplies

for fire protection, and on standpipes and outside protection.

The Association, in cooperation with the Municipal Finance

Officers Association, is starting to completely rewrite the Manual

of Water Works Accounting which was originally produced by the

two Associations.

66
AMERICAN WAX IMPORTERS AND REFINERS ASSOCIATION,

R. E. Sievert, President, 225 West 34th Street, New York, N. Y. 10001

The Association was formed for the purpose of establishing and

maintaining a cordial and friendly relationship among the members, and by united and cooperative effort to develop, promote and

protect the interest of the industry.

It has established specifications, sampling and test methods for

Carnauba, Candelilla and Ouricury Waxes together with color

standards for Carnauba Wax.

AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY, Fred L. Plummer, Executive

Director, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

The technical committees of this Society prepare standards such

as codes, specifications, recommended practices and technical

reports. The standards emanating from these committees represent four broad categories: (1) Welding Fundamentals—including

symbols, testing, definitions, filler metals, and safety; (2) Welding

Processes—including resistance welding, metallizing, brazing and

soldering; (3) Inspection of Welds, and Qualification of Welders

and Procedures; and (4) Industrial Applications of Welding

pertaining to buildings, bridges, ships, storage tanks, automotive,

piping, and aerospace. The technical committees are composed of

approximately 700 experts from the academic community and

industry, including producers and consumers, to ensure that the

standards reflect the best industrial practices. Symposiums and

technical meetings may be held to gather information for stan- dards. At present, the Society has published more than 60

standards. The Society cooperates with other organizations in

the preparation and review of standards if they include welding.

The Society is also involved in the preparation of standards on

the international level. As an active member of Commission VII

of the International Institute of Welding, liaison is maintained

with the ISO committee on welding. The Society acts as technical

advisor to the American representation on the lEC Committee on

Welding.

AMERICAN WOOD-PRESERVERS' ASSOCIATION, John D. Ferry,

Secretary-Treasurer, 839 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

This Association, in its sixty-second year, has among its principal objectives the standardization of specifications for wood preservatives and their introduction into the materials to be

preserved, and the improvement of materials and methods used in

construction with preserved wood. In carrying out its aims, the

Association has published and keeps current fifty-one standards

covering preservatives, treatment of commodities, analysis methods, conversion tables and other miscellaneous standards. These

standards are contained in the Association's ''Book of Standards."

The standards are referenced in State and Federal Specifications

and are widely used throughout the using and producing fields of

the industry.

67
AMERICAN ZINC INSTITUTE, John L. Kimberley, Executive Vice

President and Secretary, 292 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

The activities of this Institute in the field of standardization are

confined to specifications and standards in connection with the

finished products of the zinc industry. The Institute is a member

of the American Society for Testing and Materials, and cooperates

with those committees dealing with corrosion of iron and steel, on

specifications for nonferrous metals and alloys, and on corrosion

of nonferrous metals and alloys. It has cooperated in the preparation of ASTM Specifications covering slab zinc (spelter), rolled

zinc, and zinc base alloy die castings. In addition, it concerns

itself in all ASTM Specifications relating to zinc-coated steel and

iron articles such as, for example, fencing, wire, sheets, pipe,

hardware, etc., as well as methods of test in connection therewith.

It cooperates also with the Standardization Division, Federal

Supply Service, General Services Administration, in the preparation and revision of Federal Specifications covering slab zinc

(spelter); zinc plates, sheets and strip; zinc anodes for cathodic

protection; zinc base alloys for die castings; and zinc dust-zinc

oxide primer paint (for galvanized (zinc-coated) or zinc surfaces).

In conjunction with the promotion activities of the Institute and its efforts to improve the quality of zinc-coated (galvanized) roofing

sheets, the Institute licenses steel manufacturers without charge to stamp the American Zinc Institute's Seal of Quality mark on all galvanized sheets, which conform to rigid specifications as to quality and which carry a full 2-ounce zinc coating.

ANTIFRICTION BEARING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, James J. Whitsett, Secretary-Manager, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

The Annular Bearing Engineers Committee, Roller Bearing Engineers Committee, and Ball Manufacturers Engineers Committee

are sponsored by this Association. These engineering committees

develop and maintain the AFBMA Standards for Ball and Roller

Bearings and Balls, which are published as a set of twelve booklets

covering: Terminology; Boundary Dimensions; Tolerances ; Gaging

Practices; Bearing Identification Code; Packaging—Recommended

Method for Domestic and Export; Bearing Mounting; Mounting

Accessories; Method of Evaluating Load Ratings for Ball Bearings; Balls; Method of Evaluating Load Ratings for Roller

Bearings; and Instrument Ball Bearings.

AFBMA cooperates with the United States of America Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization on the development of national and international standards.

It also works with Government agencies on the improvement of

Federal Specifications.

ARCHITECTURAL WOODWORK INSTITUTE, John L. Rose,

Executive Secretary, 1808 West End Building, Nashville, Tennessee

37203

This Institute was formed in 1953 and in 1958 absorbed the

Millwork Cost Bureau, which was established in 1914. AWI car- 68
ries on a sustained program of standardization in the fields of cost accounting, estimating, detailing and billing, and the fabrication

of architectural woodwork, sometimes known as special millwork,

detail millwork or contract millwork. This is done through the

following publications: AWI Cost Accounting Manual (1963)

AWI ^^Operational" Cost Estimating Book (1960); Quality Standards 'Illustrated" of the Architectural Woodwork Industry

(1963); Guide Specification for Architectural Woodwork (1962).

The Institute also maintains and offers correspondence course

training for estimators and detailers and billers. Likewise, it publishes and distributes to architects and specification writers a

series of brochures and technical bulletins to aid and inform them

on the proper design-use and specifying of architectural woodwork.

ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE, H. E. Sunbury, Executive

Secretary, 75 Center Street, Pompton Lakes, New Jersey 07442

This Institute acts as a clearinghouse for information on asbestos textiles, and serves in an advisory capacity to various government agencies in the preparation and revision of purchase

specifications.

The Institute publishes a ''Handbook of Asbestos Textiles"

which sets forth the various styles and properties of asbestos

textiles, and lists the standard grades, weaves and weights of many

of the textile products. Included is a Glossary of Asbestos Textile

Terms, and ASTM Specifications and Method of Testing for asbestos textiles. A pamphlet, "Method for Determining Asbestos

Dust Concentration," sets up standard procedure for determining

asbestos dust concentration in work areas, equipment required for

same, and approved forms for recording results. The Institute publishes jointly with the Quebec Asbestos Mining

Association, Asbestos-Cement Products Association (now the

Mineral Fiber Products Bureau), and the Asbestos Textile Institute, a "Manual of Testing Procedures for Chrysotile Asbestos

Fibre." This Manual sets up standard methods of test for asbestos

fibre. ASPHALT INSTITUTE, J. E. Buchanan, President, and A. S. Wellborn, Secretary and Chief Engineer, The Asphalt Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740

The Institute has a technical committee structure consisting of: (1) Engineering and Development Committees in each of the four

geographical Divisions of the Institute and one for Canada composed of asphalt technologists of member companies operating

within the Division; (2) Project Committees composed of one

representative from each Division, including Canada, concerned

with research and development on specific problems relating to asphalt use and technology; and (3) Technical Coordinating Committee composed of the Engineering and Development Committee

Chairman; this Committee coordinates technical committee

activities of the Institute.

In addition, the Institute maintains a Research and Development Department including well-equipped laboratories, at its headquarters building.

The technical committees and the Research and Development

69
Department, as well as other Institute engineers, participate in a wide variety of technical society activities concerned with stan- dardization of test procedures and material specifications related

to asphaltic products and their use. The Institute has published

construction specifications for a wide variety of asphalt applications in highway and airfield construction, uses of asphalt in hydraulic structures, asphalt protective coatings for pipe lines, uses

of asphalt in recreational areas, and others. It cooperates

with the American Society for Testing and Materials, the American Association of State Highway Officials and with state and

federal agencies in laboratory and committee work related to standardization activities.

ASPHALT ROOFING INDUSTRY BUREAU, H. H. Whittemore,

Managing Director, 757 Third Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

The Technical Committee of this Bureau cooperates actively in

the formulation and improvement of standards and specifications

covering asphalt roofing products, which are developed by the

Federal Government, the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the Underwriters' Laboratories. Through its Simplification Committee, this Bureau made studies and analyses designed

to show the multiplicity of items produced in the industry and

their relative importance from a sales volume standpoint. The

purpose of these studies was to enable manufacturers to intelli- gently accomplish such individual simplification and standardization of their own lines as circumstances seemed to warrant. This

organization maintains a research associate at the National

Bureau of Standards conducting research work on durability of

asphalt roofing.

ASPHALT AND VINYL ASBESTOS TILE INSTITUTE, C. B. Whittelsey, Jr., Managing Director, 101 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

For many years, this Institute has prepared specifications for

certain materials and methods in the resilient flooring field, and

has worked with the Government in the preparation of similar

Federal Specifications.

Following are the specifications currently published by this

Institute: (a) Tile Specifications—Asphalt Tile, Vinyl Asbestos

Tile; (b) Adhesives, Cleaners and Wax Specifications—Adhesives

(Cut Back), Adhesives (Emulsion), Cleaners, Sweeping Compounds, Floor Polish (Water Emulsion); (c) Installation Specifications—Installation of Vinyl Asbestos and Asphalt Tile, Where

to Use 1/16 in. Vinyl Asbestos Tile, Hardboard Underlayment ; and

(d) Maintenance Recommendations—Maintenance of Asphalt and

Vinyl Asbestos Tile, Maintenance of Vinyl Asbestos and Asphalt

Tile in Commercial Buildings, Floor Protection Devices for Hospitals, Floor Protection Devices for Schools.

ASSOCIATED COOPERAGE INDUSTRIES OF AMERICA, Miss

Berenice Spilker, Secretary, 408 Olive Street, St. Louis, Missouri

63102

This organization carries on its standardization work through

several committees appointed especially for that purpose. The

70
Committee on Grade Rules and Specifications for Slack Cooperage

Material has developed standard specifications covering slack barrel staves, coiled elm hoops and slack barrel heading. The association assisted in the promulgation of Congressional Acts to fix the standard barrel for fruits, vegetables and other dry commodities, and to standardize lime barrels; also in establishing rules and

regulations promulgated under authority of the Federal Standard

Barrel Law, which are set forth in Circular C71 issued by the

National Bureau of Standards.

The Committee on Grade Rules and Specifications for Tight

Cooperage Material formulates specifications for tight barrel

staves, and tight barrel heading, circled and square. These rules

and specifications for cooperage material are used throughout the

United States as standard.

The Committee on ICC Specifications for Slack Barrels considers and recommends specifications for slack barrels for the

transportation of explosives and other dangerous commodities. In

carrying forward this work it cooperates with the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Bureau of Explosives of the Association of

American Railroads, the Manufacturing Chemists' Association,

and other interested bodies. This committee also cooperates with

the Freight Container Bureau of the Association of American Railroads in developing standards for slack barrels for fruits and

vegetables. The Cooperage Association also established the

requirements in Federal Specifications for Slack Wooden Kegs and

Barrels, NN-K-231b and PPP-B-41, used by all Federal agencies.

The Committee on ICC Specifications for Tight Barrels cooperates with various organizations in developing proper standards

and specifications for tight barrels for the transportation of explosives and other dangerous articles. The association assisted the

Board of Trade of the city of Chicago in the development of

standard specifications for pork barrels, lard tierces, and tierces

for pickled meats. It also cooperated in the establishment of

Federal Specifications for Tight Wooden Barrels, PPP-B-112a,

for use of all Federal agencies.

The members of this association are constantly cooperating wfth

container users in the development of barrels suitable for their

products. These barrels are all made from material produced in

accordance with the association's standard grades and specifications.

ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA, William E. Dunn, Executive Director, 20th and E Streets N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

Standardization and simplification constitute important activities in the conduct of affairs of this organization. The work is carried on by various committees and the national staff which,

either on their own initiative or in cooperation with committees of

other organizations, have developed standards and specifications

approved by the AGC for the guidance and use of the members of

the industry.

Through its Accident Prevention Committee, the association has

published and kept under constant revision the "Manual of

Accident Prevention in Construction."

71
The Joint Conference on Standard Construction Contracts, composed of representatives of the association and those of the principal public and private associations and societies in the construction

industry, formulated standard contract forms for building, engineering, and standard forms for the qualification of bidders on

public and private work, which have been adopted by the AGC.

Several special committees of the association have developed

miscellaneous standard forms for construction, including prequalification of bidders, cost of owning construction equipment, etc. The association is a member of the National Safety Council and

is actively engaged in promoting interest in accident prevention in

construction as well as considering other matters relating to construction safety under development by the National Safety

Council.

The Mixer Manufacturers Bureau, composed of mixer and paver

manufacturers in the United States, affiliated with the Associated

General Contractors of America, has developed standard sizes and

capacities for concrete mixers and pavers. Similarly, the Contractors Pump Bureau, also affiliated with the AGC, has adopted stan- dard sizes and capacities for contractor's pumps. Both of these

standards are in full effect and the principal manufacturers representing the great preponderance of production in the industry are guided by them.

The association cooperates also with the Central Committee on Lumber Standards in the establishment of American Lumber Standards dealing with lumber sizes and use classifications of commercial softwoods; and with the Commodity Standards Division (now

Products Standards Section), National Bureau of Standards,

Department of Commerce in the formulation of Product Standards

relating to construction materials and supplies.

The association maintains official representation on 23 sectional

committees functioning under the procedures of the United States

of America Standards Institute, in developing standards and

safety codes covering various projects in the construction and

building industries. It is also represented on technical committees

of the American Society for Testing and Materials engaged in the

preparation of standard specifications for cement and for road and

paving materials.

In cooperation with national labor unions it has developed stan- dards for the training of apprentices in carpentry, bricklaying and

cement masonry.

It is one of the four sponsoring organizations of the Modular

Building Standards Association.

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN BATTERY MANUFACTURERS,

B. F. Morris, Executive Secretary, 19 North Harrison Street, East Orange, New Jersey 07017

This Association was formed in 1924 as the National Battery

Manufacturers Association and changed to its present name in

1940. The Association maintains a technical committee consisting

of outstanding battery engineers who recommend standards to the

board of directors covering such subjects as capacity standards,

life expectancy, materials composition, etc. In addition this com72
mittee keeps abreast of the activities of the National Bureau of

Standards, the Society of Automotive Engineers and the United

States of America Standards Institute to the extent that they may

be of interest to the battery manufacturing industry.

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN FEED CONTROL OFFICIALS,

Bruce Poundstone, Secretary, University of Kentucky, Lexington,

Kentucky 40506

The primary objective of this Association is to promote uniformity in legislation, definitions, rulings, and the enforcement of

laws relating to the manufacture, sale, and distribution of feeding

stuffs and livestock remedies on the continent of North America.

The Association has officially adopted definitions and standards

of feeding stuffs for classes of products including the following:

Alfalfa, animal, barley ; brewers' and distillers'; corn, cottonseed,

linseed and flax, marine, milk, mineral, oat, peanut, rice, rye, screenings, soybean, vitamin, wheat, yeast, additives used for

growth promotion and therapeutic purposes, and others. In car- rying forward its work the Association has adopted the methods of

analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.

Committees of this Association cooperate with committees of

the American Feed Manufacturers Association, National Cottonseed Products Association, National Mineral Feeds Association,

National Soybean Processors Association, American Meat Institute, American Dehydrators Association, and the National Fisheries Institute, in attaining high standards of feed production for the

betterment and benefit of the feed industry as a whole. The

Association also collaborates with the United States Food and

Drug Administration in the enforcement of regulations under the

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

It has adopted uniform types of labels for all classes of feeds.

Manufacturers or jobbers are required to place labels on all packages of feeds, and the registration of brands and guarantees must

be filed with each State-control agency. A guarantee and label for a brand having been registered may not be subsequently so modified as to permit the lowering of the quality of the feed, unless

it can be clearly shown that the modification sought to be made is consistent with the interest of the feeder. The control organization may cancel the registration of any feed when it has been

found that the brand name is misleading in any respect, or that the

feed contains an injurious ingredient, or packages are incorrectly

labled with regard to ingredients, or there is evidence of misbranding or adulteration, or when labels on packages contain any

statement, design, or device which tends to deceive the purchaser.

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS, D. P. Loomis, Presi- dent, R. E. Keefer, Secretary-Treasurer and Administrative Assistant

to President, Transportation Building, Washington, D. C. 20006; 59

East Van Buren Street, Chicago, Illinois 60605; 63 Vesev Street, New

York, N. Y. 10007

This Association is the central coordinating and research agency

of the American railroad industry. It was established in 1934 as73
an outgrowth of numerous earlier organizations, many of which

dated back to 1867 and were created for the purpose of standardizing various features of railroad service. The Association was

formed in the interest of adequate and efficient railroad service

and to enable the railroads to better contribute to the accomplishment of the purposes of the national transportation policy. The

Association represents the railroads in appropriate cases before

the courts, administrative tribunals, Congressional committees,

and other government bodies. It serves as the joint agency of the

railroads concerning such matters as research, operation, traffic,

accounting and financing, as well as industry-wide problems in the

data processing field, which may require joint handling in further- ance of the national transportation policy.

For functional purposes, the Association is organized by departments which span the fields of Law, Operations and Maintenance,

Finance and Accounting, Research, Railway Economics and Statistics, Public Relations, and Data Processing Systems and Procedures. Those departments which include standardization as a major part of their activities are described in the following

paragraphs.

Operations and Maintenance department, OperatingTransportation Division, C. A. Lauby, Executive Vice Chairman

(Washington)

A General Committee composed of 19 Chief Operating Officers

and one representative of the American Short Line Railroad Association supervises the activities of this Division. The work of the

Operating-Transportation Division is carried on by several sec- tions, advisory committees, and standing committees which study

and report on the various specialized problems that arise. The

efforts of the General Committee and the standing committees are

directed toward standardization of rates and rules pertaining to mileage, per diem, demurrage and storage.

The Sections and Advisory Committees that follow are interested in standardization of the fields indicated.

safety section, W. E. Todd, Staff Secretary (Chicago)

Assists Member Roads in safety programs to promote preventive activities for reducing accidents and personal injuries. It has

worked to develop clarification and standardization in railroads'

reporting accidents under the Interstate Commerce Commission's

Rules Governing the Monthly Reporting of Railroad Accidents.

communication and signal section, George McCann, Secretary (Chicago)

This Section coordinates the principles and practices of

American railroads, and revises and keeps up to date Drawings,

Specifications, Requisites and other miscellaneous information

contained in its Manuals of Recommended Practice covering

design, construction, maintenance and operation of railway

communications and signaling devices.

The Section investigates the development of new devices,

74
improvement of existing equipment, and new methods of installation, maintenance, and operation pertinent to the arts of communications and signaling, through its standing committees under the

following subject titles: Wire and cable lines; practices and operation; electronics; radio; instructions and shop practice; designs;

inside plant; highway grade crossing protection; transmission and

interlocking, traffic control and block signaling.

The Section has also prepared a series of educational chapters on American Railway Signaling Principles and Practices covering

the various phases of signaling, and the Communication Maintainers' Training Course for the training of Communication Department employees. It has a visual aid training program for Signal

Department employees.

The Section has representatives on technical committees of the

American Society for Testing and Materials, United States of

America Standards Institue, FCC Advisory Committee for Land

Mobile Radio Services, FCC National Industry Advisory Committee, National Bureau of Standards on Standardization of Signal

Light Colors, National Safety Council Committee on Traffic Safety

at Highway-Railroad Crossings, and Operational Fixed Microwave

Council.

RAILWAY SANITATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE (Chicago)

This Committee assists railroads with sanitation problems

affecting equipment and facilities and maintains contact with the

interested governmental agencies to insure that related matters

receive the proper consideration.

MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE (Chicago)

This Committee maintains contact with Chief Medical and Surgical Officers of Member Roads to progress standards in the medical field and standardization of procedures relating to the health of

railroad employees- and patrons. It cooperates with State health

agencies and the U. S. Public Health Service in order to keep

informed of the latest developments in the medical field. POLICE ADVISORY COMMITTEE (Chicago)

This Committee handles problems of importance to the railroad

industry and attempts, where possible to develop standard practices in matters relating to law enforcement practices, national

emergency conditions, trespassing, safety education and training.

STATION OPERATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE (Chicago)

This Committee assists Member Roads in the development of

important practices and procedures affecting station and terminal

operations.

MOTOR TRANSPORTATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE (Chicago)

Development of uniform procedures and practices in the rail- highway transportation field is the objective of this Committee's

efforts. One important area of study is development of a mutually

75
accepted identification system covering trailers and containers that

could be used by both the rail and motor carrier industry.

COMMITTEE ON OPERATING RULES (Chicago)

The functions of this Committee relate to the development of

standard rules and practices regarding the operating phase of

railroading.

FREIGHT Claim Division, A. L. Batts, Executive Vice Chairman,

J. C. Hindman, Secretary (Chicago)

This Division publishes a Freight Claim Rule Book, or Manual

of Practices, in which are set forth (1) rules and standards prescribed for the investigation, adjustment, and interline apportionment of claims paid; (2) lists of freight claim and pi-evention

officers of member carriers; (3) standard forms used to file claims

and furnish statistical information of freight loss and damage; (4)

recommended practices in loss and damage prevention work and

(5) other information for use in the Freight Claim Offices of

member carriers. There are also published and distributed

annually, in printed form, interpretations of freight claim rules as handed down by the Committees of the Division, as the result of

arbitration procedure.

FREIGHT LOSS AND DAMAGE PREVENTION SECTION, C. A. Naffziger, Director (Chicago)

The Freight Loss and Damage Prevention Section is responsible

for all freight loss and damage prevention activities. It maintains

close coordination with shippers, shipper organizations and

Member Roads for the purpose of developing and establishing

practical ways and means to reduce loss and damage to freight.

The Section's activities are directed by a National Freight Loss

and Damage Prevention Committee which reports to the General

Committee of the Freight Claim Division. Special Committees

deal with specific phases of freight loss and damage prevention

and make recommendations to the National Freight Loss and

Damage Prevention Committee.

Mechanical Division, W. H. Chidley, Executive Vice Chairman,

F. H. Stremmel, Secretary (Chicago)

Through the activities of its various committees and the investigations and research carried out under their direction, this Division has adopted standards and recommended practices covering

materials for cars and locomotives which are incorporated in a manual. This manual, which is revised and supplemented

annually, includes material specifications for steel axles, wheels,

forgings, tires, steel springs, iron and steel castings, pipe and pipe

fittings, bearings, rubber hose, gaskets, and miscellaneous materials. A supplement to the manual is published which contains

drawings pertaining to certain details of cars and trucks. The

Division also issues periodic revisions of individual manuals relat- ing to wheels and axles, lubricating oils, greases, lubricating

devices, bearings, etc. The Division is represented on the Standards Council and Mechanical Standards Committee of the United

States of America Standards Institute.

76
Through its Committee on Loading Rules, the Division publishes

mandatory rules covering standard methods to govern loading of

commodities on open top cars. These methods are formulated in

cooperation with the shippers of such commodities, and are carefully tested before adoption. Thousands of test loads are annually

followed through to destination. These rules are in the interest

of safety to employees, the general public, and lading and

equipment.

The various committees of the Division are at present continuing their investigations and research for the purpose of keeping

the standards and recommended practices revised and up-to-date,

and leading to the adoption of additional practices for the

improvement of railroad rolling stock and motive power.

The Committee on Couplers and Draft Gears is continuing its investigation of couplers, draft gears and cushioning devices in

cooperation with the manufacturers.

The Committee on Freight and Passenger Car Construction, in

cooperation with committees representing all of the Car Builders,

continues its work in connection with improving the designs of

standard cars. These two groups recently developed a new publication which is entitled ''Specifications for Design, Fabrication

and Construction of Freight Cars." This new manual is published

and distributed by the Mechanical Division.

The Committee on Wheels and Axles, in cooperation with the

technical committees of the manufacturers representing the various

types of wheels, is carrying on investigation and research in con- nection with the specifications, designs, and service of the various

kinds of wheels.

The Committee on Tank Cars is cooperating with the builders,

owners, and users of tank cars in connection with designs and

service of tank cars and tank car appliances and devices.

The Committee on Locomotives and Locomotive Fuels and

Lubricants, in cooperation with a committee of engineers representing the locomotive builders, is conducting investigations and

research for the purpose of improving the design and service of

locomotives, and in increasing the degree of standardization of

fundamental parts of locomotive design. This committee also col- laborates with the producers of fuel oils and lubricants in the

development of more efficient products in this field. When the former Electrical Section of the Engineering and

Mechanical Divisions were abolished, as such, a new committee was established in the Mechanical Division which has been designated as the Committee on Electrical Equipment-Rolling Stock.

This Committee has taken over the activities of the former Electrical Section which pertain to electrical details on rolling stock, the

remainder of the activities being taken over by the AAR Engineering Division. The Manual, which was published by the former

Electrical Section, is now being jointly maintained by the Engineering and Mechanical Division. The new Committee on Electrical Equipment-Rolling Stock collaborates with the manufacturers in the development of recommended practices pertaining to

electrical details which are used on rolling stock and in many cases these recommended practices are followed to the extent that they

are recognized as being very close to AAR Standards in this field. 77
Bureau of Explosives, T. C. George, Director and Chief Inspector

(New York)

This Bureau functions as an agency for cooperation between

shippers, carriers, and the Interstate Commerce Commission;

maintains a chemical laboratory for the study of explosives and

dangerous articles and containers therefor, and a staff of traveling

inspectors to insure compliance with the requirements of regulations and specifications of the Interstate Commerce Commission

dealing with the transportation of explosives and other dangerous

articles.

FREIGHT LOADING AND CONTAINER SECTION, B. Williams, Chief Engineer

(Chicago)

The objective of this Section is to provide improved packaging or carloading methods for nondangerous commodities moving in rail freight cars. This Section conducts surveys with shippers or

receivers of freight in order to develop recommended practices for

loading and packing of freight.

These activities include performance of tests for the purpose of

comparing packaging or loading methods.

To provide interchange of information, the Section participates

in activities of trade associations or industrial organizations

representing manufacturers of shipping containers or commodities

moving as freight as well as groups or associations developing

standards.

ENGINEERING DIVISION (see American Railway Engineering Association)

TRAIN OPERATION, CONTROL AND SIGNALS COMMITTEE, RAILROADHiGHWAY Grade Crossing Protection, P. H. Foley, Engineer

(Washington)

This Committee publishes a bulletin of recommended practices on railroad-highway grade crossing protection, which has been

approved as USA Standard, for use as a guide by railroads and

government agencies. The Committee works closely with the

Bureau of Public Roads and other public authorities toward

establishment of uniformity in aspect and operation of grade

crossing protective devices and systems.

PURCHASES AND STORES DIVISION, J. H. Bean, Executive Vice

Chairman (Chicago)

Committees of this Division are actively engaged in preparing

recommended standards, specifications, and rules and practices in

order to bring about the highest efl?iciency and economy in the

purchasing, handling and distribution of materials and supplies in

the railway industry.

A Purchasing and Stores Department Manual, containing

recommended rules and practices, a Standard Material Classification, a Standard Scrap Classification, and a Simplified Standard

Material List (Recommended Sizes), have been prepared.

The Committees of this Division have been setting up recom- mendations of standards for machine accounting, methods for

more economical preparation of scrap, procedures used in purchas78
ing, office supplies and equipment, material handling methods,

methods of disposing of surplus material and methods for improving inventory control.

These subjects together with others will be pursued by this

Division with the ultimate in mind of furthering more efficient practices in the purchasing, handling, storing and distribution of

materials and supplies.

Finance and Accounting Department, Wayne Irwin, Vice Presi- dent (Washington)

This Department deals with standardization and simplification

of railroad accounting, treasury, taxation and valuation practices

and requirements. This Department prepares various publications

embracing rules, standard forms, procedures, codes, etc. Data Systems Division, Carl L. Byham, Executive Director (Washington)

In the area of Data Processing Systems and Procedures, consideration is given to industry-wide problems in the data processing

field, simplification of the interchange of data between carriers and

stimulation of the development of new railroad data processing

techniques. This is a relatively new undertaking. Standardization and simplification are basic objectives.

Research Department, W. M. Keller, Vice President (Research

Center, Administration Building, 3140 South Federal Street, Chicago,

Illinois 60616)

This Department has charge of technical research on problems

affecting carriers, and provides properly digested information

for other departments. It deals with matters pertaining to analysis, testing and study of all technical phases of transportation.

Standardization studies are an important part of its work.

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN WOOD PULP IMPORTERS,

Walter W. Schuster^ President, 230 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Association is officially represented, with the American

Paper and Pulp Association and the Technical Association of the

Pulp and Paper Industry, on a joint committee to approve and

govern the actions of commercial chemists engaged in the testing

of wood pulp for the paper industry in the United States. Ofiicial rules relating to the weighing, sampling, and testing of wood pulp

for moisture have been formally approved and adopted by this

Association.

ASSOCIATION OF BEDDING AND FURNITURE LAW

OFFICIALS, c/o H. R. Ray, Director, Bedding Law Division, Environmental Sanitation Services, Texas State Department of Health,

1100 West 49th Street, Austin, Texas 78756

This Association provides a national forum for the discussion of

all questions relating to the administration of bedding and upholstered furniture laws as carried on by regulatory officials of the

States, commonwealths, territories and possessions of the United

79
states, their political subdivisions, the District of Columbia and

the Dominion of Canada. The Association encourages and promotes the adoption of uniform bedding and upholstered furniture

laws, rules, regulations, nomenclature, labeling requirements and

enforcement procedures. It secures, devises, tests and adopts stan- dard methods of inspection and sampling of bedding and upholstered furniture and the analyses of filling materials used therein.

Other purposes of the Association are to secure, devise, test and

adopt standard methods of determining the efficiency of insecticides, fumigants, sterlizing and disinfecting processes and equipment as applied to articles of bedding, upholstered furniture and

filling materials used therein ; to secure uniformity in the state- ment of analytical results; to promote, conduct and encourage

research in chemistry and allied fields as these relate to analyses of

filling materials used in bedding and upholstered furniture.

ASSOCIATION OF EDISON ILLUMINATING COMPANIES,

W. Floyd-Jones, Secretary, 51 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017

Much of the Association's work in standardization is carried on

in cooperation with technical organizations, notably, the United

States of America Standards Institute. The Association is officiallv represented on the following seventeen USASI Sectional

Committees B16, B31, B36, B49, CI, C2, C7, C8, C12, C29, C34,

C37, C50, C55, C76, 05, and Y32.

In consultation with the Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association, the Cable Engineering Section of the Association's Committee on Power Distribution prepared specifications for impregnated paper insulated cable—solid, low-pressure, gas-filled and

oil-filled types (all lead covered), high pressure pipe type, specifications for neoprene protective coverings for the lead-covered

cables, and a guide for application of maximum insulation temperatures at the conductor for impregnated-paper-insulated cables.

All were printed by the Association.

ASSOCIATION OF IRON AND STEEL ENGINEERS, T. J. Ess, Managing Director, 1010 Empire Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

15222

This Association was founded in 1907 as a means of fostering an

exchange of ideas toward the advancement of the iron and steel producing industry. The scope of the AISE now embraces all the

various divisions of steel plant engineering and operations.

Engineering divisions include electrical, mechanical, welding,

combustion, operating practice, lubrication, safety, rolling mill,

standardization and research. District sections are scattered at

steel producing centers throughout the country.

The Association has developed standards for the steel industry

which include such items as motors, surface finish, cranes, wiring,

brakes, bearings, etc. In some cases these are detailed standards,

in other cases they are recommended practices. A list of current

standards is as follows: ''D-C Mill Motor Standards," ''Standards

for Machined Surface Finishes," ''Sling and Crane Chain Standards," "Standards for Wiring Diagrams," "Specifications for

80
Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes for Steel Mill Service," "Specifications for Design of Ladle Hooks," "Crane Wiring Standards,"

''Standards for Design of Hot Metal Ladles," "Carbon Brush Size

and Shunt Standards," "D-C Mill Motor Brake Standard," "Plain

Bearing Recommended Practice," "A-C Mill Motor Standards."

The AISE also sponsors research activities at research institutions for the purpose of developing data for future standards and

for improvement of steel mill operating practice.

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS, William Horwitz, Secretary-Treasurer, Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D. C. 20044

The Association, formerly the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, is a professional organization of State and Federal

chemists devoted to developing, testing, and sponsoring standard

methods for the analysis of fertilizers, foods, feeds, pesticides,

drugs, cosmetics, hazardous substances, and other materials

related to agriculture and public health. It was organized in 1884

by the State and Federal chemists who were in charge of enforcement of State fertilizer laws, or who, as members of agricultural

experiment stations or the U. S. Department of Agriculture, were

interested in practical and scientific applications of fertilizers to crops. The form of organization is one in which voting is re- stricted to official chemists, but discussion is open to all chemists.

Four meetings prior to 1884 had failed to produce a cohesive and

stable organization of both official and commercial chemists. This

final organization form was settled upon with the full cooperation

and even insistence of commercial chemists. They agreed on the

principle that since it was the official chemists who had the responsibility for the enforcement of the laws, they also had the responsibility for the choice of valid methods of analysis for this purpose.

As the regulatory control of other commodities such as foods,

feeds, drugs, cosmetics, hazardous substances, and pesticides

became a recognized Governmental function, the work of the Association expanded. It has accepted the responsibility of providing

the regulatory and research scientist with accurate and reproducible methods of analysis that are required for the enforcement of

laws and regulations. This is accomplished through adherence to a fundamental constitutional requirement that methods approved

by the Association be subjected to collaborative study. In this, a number of representative chemists analyze the same samples by the

proposed method to demonstrate its accuracy and reproducibility

in their hands. At the present time about 500 chemists, designated as "Associate Referees," are studying methods of analysis

grouped in about 50 general categories from "Agricultural Liming

Materials" to ''Waters." Not all of them are official chemists;

many are industry chemists, who because of their specialized

knowledge and experience, also participate in the development and

testing of methods of analysis. The results of the studies of

these Associate Referees form the basis for the actions of the

Association in its approval or disapproval of methods.

All State chemists including those of universities and experiment stations are members of the Association. Federal organiza81
tions represented in the Association are: Food and Drug

Administration, Public Health Service, Department of Agriculture,

Department of Defense, Internal Revenue Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, National Bureau of Standards, and Atomic Energy

Commission.

The laws enforced by the AOAC members require objective,

scientific evidence for their successful application. The AOAC

attempts to provide for both industry and government a common

meeting ground for discussion, at a scientific level, of methods of

analysis that will be used to obtain this evidence. That this has

been successful is indicated by the facts that many State laws

specify the use of the AOAC methods, where applicable; the Federal Definitions and Standards of Identity for many foods incorporate AOAC methods into their requirements; many Federal specifications and private contracts use AOAC methods; and AOAC

methods have been quite generally accorded a preferred status in

court testimony. Most important of all, the general recognition of

AOAC methods removes from the realm of controversy the scientific question of relative validity of methods of analysis. This is settled by the scientists themselves on the basis of the facts

developed during their collaborative studies.

Results of 78 years of work by the members of the Association are embodied in its primary publication ''Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists," now in

its tenth edition (1965). This publication is a 900-page laboratory

manual which includes 43 chapters, 90 pages of tables, and 45

pages of index. It is an authoritative source of methods of analysis for the regulatory chemist and the agricultural scientist

throughout the world. It is supplemented by the bimonthly Journal which publishes the transactions of the Association, including

the annual changes in methods adopted by the Association, the

reports of the referees, and contributed papers containing new

methods, new applications and authentic or interpretive data.

The Association deals with only methods of analysis. Matters

involving legislation, definition, administrative policy, and

interpretation of laws are dealt with in related official organizations: The Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United

States, Association of American Fertilizer Control Officials, Association of American Feed Control Officials, and Association of

American Pesticide Control Officials. The AOAC maintains

formal and informal cooperative arrangements with other scientific societies dealing with methods of analysis to maintain uniformity. Among these are the American Public Health Association

(Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products),

American Oil Chemists' Society (Fats and Oils), American Society

of Brewing Chemists (Malt Beverages), Joint Committee on Uniformity of Methods of Water Examination (Waters), American

Society of Enologists (Wines), American Association of Cereal

Chemists, American Society for Testing and Materials, National

Plant Food Institute, and Flavoring Extract Manufacturers Association. In the International area, cooperation has developed with

the Collaborative Pesticide Analytical Committee, Pesticides Analysis Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture in the United Kingdom, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United

82
Nations, International Dairy Federation and International

Standards Organization.

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL SEED ANALYSTS, H. L. Smith, Sec- retary-Treasurer, 1113 State Office Building, Richmond, Virginia

23219

The activities of this Association in the field of standardization

of methods of seed testing are carried out primarily by the following standing committees: (a) Research, (b) Rules, (c) Referee,

and (d) Public Service. The principal objective in this field is to develop reliable procedures for testing seeds that will permit duplication of results when the same sample is tested by different

stations. Quality factors for which tests are made include: purity

of sample, percentage germination, rate of occurrence of noxious

weed seeds, varietal purity, and assaying for fungicidal seed treat- ment. The Research Committee conducts research and reviews

literature to make technical information available to the Rules

Committee which prepares a new draft revision of the rules about

every fifth year for approval or rejection by the entire Association.

The Rules Committee also interprets questionable and disputed

points of the Rules for Testing Seeds. The Referee Committee

circulates samples among the member stations to determine

whether stations are testing in accordance with the rules and to point up any weaknesses in the rules. The Public Service Committee encourages Association members to publicize the benefits of our work and stimulate interest in seed testing. A publicity kit has

been prepared and added to over the years and is circulated for use by member laboratories.

The Association works closely with other associations and Government agencies, such as the International Seed Testing Association, United States Department of Agriculture and the Canada

Department of Agriculture, in an effort to closely coordinate the

rules for testing seeds used by each. Voting membership in the

AOSA consists of Federal and State laboratories in the United

States and Canada. The Governments of the United States

and Canada hold membership in the International Seed Testing

Association.

ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM RE-REFINERS, V. T. Worthington, Executive Director, 1500 North Quincy Street, Arlington, Virginia 22207

In April 1955, this Association adopted minimum standards for

re-refined lubricating oil. This action was taken to give the public a minimum standard for buying re-refined oil. In 1957, it adopted an Association Emblem to be used in con- nection with its minimum standard so the public could readily

determine oils meeting this minimum standard.

ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM, G. Edwin Brown, Jr., Program

Executive, 850 Third Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022

The Forum is a non-profit membership association of 350 United

States and foreign organizations engaged in the development and

utilization of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. The Forum

sponsors two sectional committees reporting to the Nuclear Stan83
dards Board of the United States of America Standards Institute:

N2 on General and Administrative Standards for Nuclear Energy,

and N7 on Radiation Protection. The latter is co-sponsored by the

National Safety Council.

The N2 and N7 committees developed the first two nuclear

standards to be approved as USA Standards by USASI. These

cover the standard radiation symbol and radiation protection in

uranium mines and mills. Subsequently approved as a USA

Standard was the N7 standard on radiation protection in fuel

fabrication plants.

The Forum is a member body of USASI and is represented on

the Standards Council and Nuclear Standards Board. It maintains liaison with other sectional committees under the jurisdiction

of the Nuclear Standards Board, including the Z54 committee

sponsored by the National Bureau of Standards. The Forum contributes financial support for the activities of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements.

AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Harry A. Williams, Managing Director, New Center Building, Detroit, Michigan 48202

Practically all standardization work arising in the industry

represented by this organization is conducted through the Society

of Automotive Engineers financed in substantial part by grant

from the Association. The Association cooperated with the

National Conference on Street and Highway Safety in the preparation and promulgation of State and city traffic ordinances. This

work continues under the National Committee on Uniform Traffic

Laws and Ordinances.

With the American Petroleum Institute and the Society of Automotive Engineers, the motor vehicle industry has made a substantial contribution to standardization through the Coordinating

Research Council in the fields of fuels and lubricants. One of its accomplishments is a new formula for expressing antiknock rat- ings of motor fuels above 100 octane number. It has been active in

studying the composition of exhaust gases from automotive vehicles including techniques used. A study of applications of gas

chromatography to analysis of exhaust gas at the U. S. Bureau of

Mines, was supported by this group and related investigations

continue.

This Association works closely with the United States of America Standards Institute in connection with standards for inspection of motor vehicles, safety glazing materials for motor vehicles,

antifriction bearings, pallets, highway traffic standards—including

method of measuring and recording motor transportation accidents, standards for graphic presentation and petroleum products

and lubricants. It is active in international standards programs of

ISO.

AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONING ASSOCIATION, L. T. Merrill, Executive Secretary, 6300 North Central Expressway, Dallas,

Texas 75206

This Association is the only group offering manufacturers a standards program in the field of automotive air conditioning.

84
With current annual production of over 2,000,000 air conditioned

cars (factories and independents), AACA brought out the first standard, AACA Standard 100 for air quantity (cfm) certifi- cation, in December 1964. This standard is comprised of a Procedures Manual—Definitions, Testing Methods, Calculations and

Rating Requirements—and a License Agreement.

Each manufacturer desiring to participate in designing and

manufacturing units to rigid engineering and comfort standards is invited to participate through License Agreement with the Association. Through such ''certification" each manufacturer tests units manufactured under exact and similar means, thereby assur- ing the buying public of units made to known standards of design,

engineering, and performance.

In September 1965 the Association approved and adopted its second standard, AACA Standard 200 for evaporator capacity

(btu) performance. Certification under this latter standard auto- matically certifies performance of units tested to both existing

standards.

The Engineering Committee of this Association is continuing its efforts to develop other standards applicable to both car and truck

air conditioning.

BARRE GRANITE ASSOCIATION, Milton V. Lyndes, General

Manager, 51 Church Street, Barre, Vermont 05641

In 1937 this Association created the first set of quality standards

covering the physical properties of granite and quality standards

of workmanship on granite monuments. This action had become

necessary due to the wide quality diflferences prevalent in granite

and the diflficulty of the public in distinguishing quality. A copyrighted trade name called the Barre Guild was placed on all monuments inspected by the Barre Granite Association, and Certificates

of Guarantee were issued on these monuments. Today, nearly

50,000 individual inspections are made each year, and the Barre

Guild trademark signifies a standard of quality in the finished

monument.

BIOLOGICAL STAIN COMMISSION, Victor M. Emmel, M. D., Sec- retary, Research and Assay Laboratories, University of Rochester

Medical Center, Rochester, N. Y. 14620

The Commission was incorporated in 1944 and supersedes the

Commission on Standardization of Biological Stains. Its powers

are vested in a Board of (eleven) Trustees, four of whom are

officers. Membership in the Commission is by invitation and

includes approximately 100 members.

The objectives of the Commission are the establishment of stan- dard specifications for the identification, purity, performance and

labeling of the more important biological stains, in order

that they may be relied upon as standard tools in biological

research. The Commission has the active cooperation of the scientific societies whose interests lie in this field, as well as that of the

manufacturers and distributors of biological stains. Its specifications for a number of stains have been adopted by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, the National Formulary, and in the Standard

Methods of the American Public Health Association.

85
The Commission exerts its influence to the above ends through a program of Stain Certification. Manufacturers and distributors

voluntarily submit samples for examination. If a sample meets

the Commission's specifications, the Commission then approves it for marketing as a Certified Biological Stain, and issues Certification Labels to be affixed to the containers in which it is sold. Certification is on a batch basis, the labels issued by the Commission bearing distinctive Certification Numbers identifying the

specific batches with which they are to be used. No other batch can be sold under the same Certification Number except by such a breach of confidence on the part of the manufacturer as to risk

losing the good will of the Commssion. A sample of the original

material from each batch is kept on permanent file in the Commission Laboratories. The Commission will also investigate

complaints of any unsatisfactory results obtained with a certified stain. Fifty-seven stains are currently certified by the

Commission.

BITUMINOUS PIPE INSTITUTE, John M. Aldworth, Secretary,

333 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601

Through the Institute's Research and Technical Committee, all member companies' pitch-fibre pipe products have been standardized to conform with CS116-54. Continuous and rigid inspection

procedures have been established by the Research and Technical

Committee over the years to ensure high levels of manufacturing

procedure.

The Institute cooperates closely with the American Society for

Testing and Materials, National Bureau of Standards, American

Society of Sanitary Engineers, Southern Building Code Congress,

Western Plumbing Officials Association, and all other major

standard-setting organizations within the plumbing, sewage, and

sanitary engineering fields. BOATING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION, Fred B. Lifton, Executive

Director, 333 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601

The outboard boating industry, faced with a unique problem in

standardization, conducts a continuing standardization program

and issues an annual ''Engineering Manual of Recommended Practices" through its national trade association. Three trade associations, operating within the framework of the Boating Industry

Association, participate in the standards program. They are the

Outboard Boat Manufacturers Association, the Outboard Motor

Manufacturers Association, and the Boat Trailer Manufacturers

Association.

The most popular outboard boat unit from the standpoint of the consumer consists of three parts—the boat, the motor, and the

boat trailer. Each part is manufactured by a different segment.

Standards are adopted through the work of committees representing boat, motor, and trailer manufacturers, and through joint

committees of the three segments of the industry. Committee

work is augmented by field tests by individual manufacturers and

86
industry-wide tests. The standards include transom dimensions,

motor mounting areas, fuel tank stowage, horsepower capacity,

weight capacity, motor dimensions, horsepower ratings, winch

assembly, advertised trailer load capacity, trailer equipment, minimum deck hardware, steering wheel dimensions, steering system

pulleys, lighting requirements. Fire protection standards are also

included.

BOOK MANUFACTURERS' INSTITUTE, Robert M. Peck,

Executive Director, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, N. Y. 10036

This Institute, together with the American Textbook Publishers

Institute and National Association of State Textbook Directors,

provides delegates to the Joint Committee on Textbook Specifications which meets twice each year. Over the years, the Joint

Committee has developed a set of manufacturing standards and

specifications which must be met before the purchase of a particular textbook will be considered by most state adoption agencies.

This booklet, entitled ''Official Manufacturing Standards and Specifications for Textbooks," contains quality standards and specifications for paper, printing, and binding, and provides sample

forms which should be used by both the State agencies and the

publishers of textbooks.

Through its Book Cloth Council and in cooperation with the

National Bureau of Standards, the Institute is presently revising

Commercial Standard CS57-40 on Book Cloth.

BRASS AND BRONZE INGOT INSTITUTE, E. Vander Meir,

Manager, 308 West Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois 60606

The Institute's technical program relative to the development of

standards and specifications covering ingot brass and bronze is directed by its Metallurgists' Advisory Committee, which is composed of the chief metallurgists of all member companies. In carrying out this work, the Institute cooperates with the American

Society for Testing and Materials through representation on the

latter's technical committee dealing with the development of

specifications for copper base alloys in ingot form.

In order to assist those interested in nonferrous foundry alloys

to utilize quality copper base alloys in ingot form with maximum

economy and efficiency, the Institute has prepared and published a manual entitled 'Tngot Brass and Bronze." This manual contains

specifications issued by the Institute and those which have been

approved and adopted by various organized technical societies and

governmental agencies.

For many years, the Institute has maintained research programs

at Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, for the purpose of

establishing authoritative values of physical properties, temperature eflfects and creep data. The Institute also cooperates with

other organizations engaged in research, such as the Foundry

Educational Association, institutions of higher learning, and

industrial research departments, to obtain data concerning various

alloys for dissemination to the industry and users. 87
BRITISH-AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, A. P. Spooner,

M.B.E., Secretary and General Manager, 355 Lexington Avenue,

New York, N. Y. 10007

This is one of the 10 centers in the United States where complete

sets of British Standards are held for reference purposes. British

Standards, like USA Standards, are issued for voluntary adoption

by manufacturers and users and being the result of wide consultation and agreement, provide a guide to accepted industrial practice

in the United Kingdom. The main categories of British Standards

are: Dimensional standards, performance and quality standards,

standard methods of test, standard technical terms and symbols

and standard codes of practice. There are now about 3900 British

Standards which are indexed and summarized in the British Standards Yearbook (also available for reference). They contain valuable information both for United States firms wishing to sell in the

United Kingdom and for those interested in placing contracts

there. Other centers where sets of British Standards may be

consulted are: United States of America Standards Institute, New

York, N. Y. (copies also available for sale); British Embassy,

Washington, D. C, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.

C; American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania; Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana; Cleveland

Public Library, Cleveland, Ohio; Linda Hall Library, Kansas City,

Missouri; Milwaukee Public Library, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;

Wayne University, Detroit, Michigan.

BUILDERS HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

Clyde T. Nissen, Executive Director, 60 East 42nd Street, New York,

N. Y. 10017

This Association serves the interests of all builders hardware

manufacturers located in the United States. One of its active

programs is the development of industry product standards for

more than 400 items of builders' hardware. These standards will

probably be submitted to the United States of America Standards

Institute for adoption as USA Standards. In addition, it is expected that BHMA standards will be submitted to Government

agencies for referencing in Federal Specifications and Product

Standards, and in State specifications, where applicable.

BUILDING OFFICIALS CONFERENCE OF AMERICA, Paul E. Baseler, Executive Director, 1313 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637

This is the recognized professional organization serving government officials who administer, enforce or formulate laws, ordi- nances or regulations relating to buildings, housing, city planning

and zoning. The organization is controlled solely by public

officials. Its policies are directed by an Executive Committee of 5

officers, 2 past presidents and 10 directors selected from all parts

of the United States and Canada. Its program and activities are

carried on by a staff under the direction of an Executive Director

selected by the Executive Committee.

It sponsors and maintains building codes providing for the

88
safety of the public through minimum regulations free from commercial influences, permitting the use of materials and methods of

construction on their own merits without favor or prejudice.

These codes are available for adoption by local governments without obligation and are maintained up-to-date with new developments as a public service. Through national, regional and local meetings and consultation and advisory services, assistance is provided local communities in improving adminstrative techniques

and services.

Except for its building codes, the organization does not establish standards of materials, construction or practice. It recognizes all such standards that produce performance meeting the

requirements of its codes and through official representation, it cooperates with other organizations in developing standards under

the procedures of the American Society for Testing and Materials,

the National Fire Protection Association, and the United States of

America Standards Institute.

The organization serves as co-sponsor with other organizations on USASI Sectional Committees for Administrative Requirements

for Building Codes; Building Code Requirements for Reinforced

Gypsum Concrete; Safety Code for Grandstands, Tents and Places

of Assembly; and the National Plumbing Code. It is officially

represented on the USASI Construction Standards Board and 18

sectional committees dealing with construction materials and

safety regulations. It is also represented on 3 committees of the

National Fire Protection Association and 2 committees of the

American Society for Testing and Materials.

BUSINESS EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

Harry C. Anderson, President, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Association is the approved sponsor of standardization

programs in the computer and information processing and office machine fields. Th^se programs are conducted under regulations

and procedures of the United States of America Standards

Institute. BEMA also sponsors United States participation

through USASI in comparable international standardization programs under the auspices of the International Organization for

Standardization.

The Data Processing Group of BEMA sponsors USASI Sectional Committee X3 for Computers and Information Processing,

which is divided into 7 subcommittees—Optical Character Recognition (X3.1), Coded Character Sets and Input-Output (X3.2),

Data Transmission (X3.3), Common Programming Languages

(X3.4), Vocabulary (X3.5), Problem Description and Analysis

(X3.6), and Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (X3.7).

The Office Machines Group of BEMA sponsors USASI Sectional

Committee X4 on Office Machines, which is divided into 9 subcommittees—Typewriters (X4-A1), Adding Machines and Calculators (X4-A2), Standard Accounting and Bookkeeping Machines

and Cash Registers (X4-A3), Duplicating, Reproducing and Mailing Machines (X4-A5), Dictating Machines (X4-A6), Forms

(X4-A7), Electrical Office Machines (X4-A8), and Keyboards

(X4-A9).

89
CALCIUM CHLORIDE INSTITUTE, W. E. Dickinson, President,

909 Ring Building, 1200 18th Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

The primary object of the Institute is to sponsor research and

distribute information relative to the uses of calcium chloride.

The Institute also maintains an engineering staff for field service

to all users. Although it does not itself prepare standards, the

Institute has adopted for the use of its members the standard

specifications for calcium chloride which are released by the American Society for Testing and Materials, the American Association

of State Highway Officials, and other organizations. The Technical Panel of the Institute assists in the development, revision, use

of specifications, and procedures for calcium chloride users. The Institute maintains a research associate at the National

Bureau of Standards in connection with studies of concrete. Through other research fellowships it sponsors work at universities to establish the effects of calcium chloride on soil, the merit of

using calcium chloride-salt mixtures for winter maintenance work

(including storage as well as applications of calcium chloride).

As a result of this work, the Institute establishes standards for

recommending the uses of calcium chloride to various industries

including concrete, highways, minerals and refrigeration. Uses of

calcium chloride include its use as liquid ballast, dustproofing, fire protection, freezeproofing, ice melting, air drying and moisture

retention.

The Institute also makes available free on request any literature

pertaining to recommended practices for using the product.

Nonprofit in nature, the Calcium Chloride Institute's purpose is to supply such information for all calcium chloride users which

will enable them to achieve best results with the product.

CALIFORNIA FRUIT EXCHANGE, F. M. Small, General Manager,

P. O. Box 2038, Blue Anchor Building, Sacramento, California 95809

This Exchange is a growers cooperative marketing organization

which markets the fruit of some 3,000 grower members who are organized into approximately 74 local associations and large contract shippers. It has developed grade specifications for fruits and

grapes, together with approved and recommended methods of

packing. Fruits which meet the standard grades of the Exchange

are permitted to carry the trademark label on each individual

container.

For approximately 25 years this organization has maintained a Committee on Standardization, which cooperates with the field department in the development of grades and standards for

marketing fresh deciduous-tree fruits and grapes.

CALIFORNIA OLIVE ASSOCIATION, Miss Erline Hevel, Secretary,

461 Market Street, San Francisco, California 94105

This organization has developed a number of olive size grades

under which canned ripe olives are packed, shipped and sold. These grades are based on the California Ripe Olive Standardization Act, revised to 1961, which provides certain standards of

quality, fill of container, and requirements for marking of olives

packed in tin or glass containers.

90
CANNERS LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA, M. A. Clevenger, Executive

Vice-President, 9 First Street, San Francisco, California 94105

The League, a trade association of fruit and vegetable canners, was established in 1905.

It maintains a Standards Committee whose function is to cooperate in the formulation of Federal Specifications, U.S.D.A.

Standards for grades of canned fruits and vegetables, and Food

and Drug Standards of identity for various canned fruits and

vegetables.

CANNING MACHINERY AND SUPPLIES ASSOCIATION, W. D.

Lewis, Secretary-Treasurer, 7758 Wisconsin Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20014

The standardization activities of this organization are carried on in cooperation with associations dealing with the establishment

of standards for materials used in canning purposes. It has cooperated with the National Canners Association and the Can Manufacturers Institute in the Standardization of sizes of tin cans and

with the Glass Container Association of America in developing

standard sizes of glass containers.

CANVAS PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL, Robert

C. Mead, Executive Secretary, 224 Endicott Building, St. Paul,

Minnesota 55101

This Association has a Standards Committee which is currently

reviewing product areas within this industry to determine if a need exists for standards. Areas under consideration include

camping tents, truck covers, awnings, and pleasure boat covers. In 1963 CPAI prepared and promulgated CPAI-63, a standard

for canvas tarpaulins made of single filling cotton duck. All levels of the industry cooperated: Mills, finishers, jobbers and manufacturers. With success of the CPAI-63 standard, the Association's

standardization activities will receive increased attention in the

future.

CAST IRON PIPE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, Wallace T. Miller,

Managing Director, Suite 3440, Prudential Plaza, Chicago, Illinois 60601

This organization is cooperating with sectional committees of

the United States of America Standards Institute in developing

standard specifications for cast iron pipe and fittings; preparation

of a code for pressure piping; and development of flange stan- dards. At its own test sites it carries on corrosion tests on various

pipe materials and on pipe coatings.

This Association has adopted a symbol—a letter *'Q" with a check—which is stenciled on each length of pipe produced by the

members of the Association. Its purpose is to identify the pipe as

cast iron pipe. The Association states that the reason for the

adoption of the symbol is the fact that it desires to advertise cast iron pipe to the public, even though it is not purchased directly by

it except through taxes. It is felt that in the absence of an

identification mark the public would have no way of knowing

whether the pipe being installed in their streets was cast iron pipe

or some other type of pipe.

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CAST IRON SOIL PIPE INSTITUTE, Jerome O. Hendrickson,

Executive Vice President, 1824—26 Jefferson Place, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

This Institute has developed standards for cast iron soil pipe

and fittings which are accepted throughout the United States. It

is the sponsor for Commercial Standard CS188-59 Cast Iron Soil

Pipe and Fittings, which sets forth dimensions and weights, and

provides interchangeability between all manufacturers' pipes and

fittings.

A new product, Hubless Cast Iron Sanitary System, with

"CISPI" No-Hub Pipe and Fittings, is covered by the Institute's

Standard No. 301-65T.

CASTER AND FLOOR TRUCK MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, R. E. Pritchard, Executive Secretary, 3525 West Peterson Road, Chicago, Illinois 60645

Manufacturers in this Association produce industrial casters,

wheels, and manually operated materials handling equipment.

CFTMA has published separate product standards for molded- on wheels, plastic wheels, polyurethane wheels, metal wheels

and all rubber wheels. In addition, a comprehensive caster stan- dard has been published as well as standards for trailer trucks,

platform trucks and two-wheel hand trucks.

CEMENTED CARBIDE PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION, Allen P. Wherry, Commissioner, Thomas Associates, Inc., 2130 Keith Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44115

The standardization activities of this Association are carried on by the Standards Committee and Technical Committee. The work

of the Standards Committee has been confined to the establishment

of dimensional standards for products manufactured by Association members. The activities of this committee have resulted in

the issuance of the following USA Standards: USA Standard Specifications for Throw-Away Carbide Inserts for Cutting Tools,

B80. 1-1959 ; Carbide Blanks for Positive and Negative Rake Precision Inserts, Throw-Away Type, B80.1a-1961; Carbide Blanks

and Cutting Tools, Single-Point, Carbide-Tipped, Roller Turner

Type, B81.1-1961; Carbide Tipped Masonry Drills and Blanks for

Carbide Tipped Masonry Drills, B82.1-1962; Blanks for Carbide

Burs, B83.1-1962; Carbide Blanks for Twist Drills, Reamers, End

Mills, and Random Rod, B85. 1-1963; and Carbide Nibs and Dies

for Drawing Round Wire and Bars, BIOS. 1-1964. The organization has also developed in cooperation with the U.S. Department of

Commerce, Simplified Practice Recommendation R263-60 for

Standard Shapes, Sizes, Grades, and Designations of Cemented

Carbide Products.

The Technical Committee is concerned with the development of

recommended test procedures to be utilized for the measuring of

physical properties of cemented tungsten carbide. Ten such procedures have thus far been developed, all of which are printed in the

format used by the American Society for Testing and Materials

92
and are submitted to that agency with a request for promulgation.

The Association is represented on the USASI Sectional Committee

B94, Small Tools and Machine Tool Elements, and is a member of

the Mechanical Standards Board.

CEREAL INSTITUTE, Andrew Duncan, President, 135 South

LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603

This Institute, founded in 1943 and consisting of manufacturers

of breakfast cereals, is devoted to the betterment of national nutrition. In compliance with the law and for the good of the consumer, CI has established Principles of Good Practice for the

packaging of breakfast cereals. These cover the proper fill of

cereal packages and declaration of net contents thereon.

CERTIFIED MILK PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Charles Speaks, Secretary, 405 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

Standardized methods for the production and distribution of

''Certified Milk," as formulated by the American Association

of Medical Milk Commissions, have been adopted by this

organization.

CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

Alfred A. Mulliken, Secretary, 50 East 41st Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

Founded in 1914, the Association now has a membership of

approximately 525 companies.

Its work in standardization is divided among six Divisions, viz. Aerosol; Automotive; Disinfectant and Sanitizers; Insecticides;

Detergent and Cleaning Compounds; and Waxes, Polishes and

Floor Finishes.

The Automotive Division does not cover fuel products used in

the combustion chambers of motors; the Insecticide Division deals

with household and industrial products; the Detergent Division concerns itself with industrial and institutional materials.

The CSMA has developed and oifers: an Official Test Insecticide

(for use in the Peet-Grady Test); an Official Test Aerosol (insecticidal); Antifreeze Corrosion Test Metal Coupons; floor linoleum,

asphalt tiles (Official Test Linoleum, Official Test Asphalt Tile) for

the comparative testing of floor waxes; and charts for use in slip

testing machines. Other materials for standardized testing are being developed, including Auto Paint Test Panels and PeptoneSicum Test Media for Disinfectants.

CSMA assisted in the development of Commercial Standards

for: Liquid Hypochlorite Disinfectant, Deodorant, and Germicide

CS68-38; Pine Oil Disinfectant CS69-38; Phenolic Disinfectant

(Emulsifying Type) CS70-41 ; Phenolic Disinfectant (Soluble

Type) CS71-41; Household Insecticide (Liquid Space Spray

Type for Flying Insects) CS72-54.

The Association publishes methods of analysis developed by

Scientific Committees of the organization.

93
CHLORINE INSTITUTE, Robert L. Mitchell, Jr., Secretary, 342

Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

All standardization work of this organization is carried on by its Committee on Container Specifications and Safety. The function

of this Committee is to develop, and to keep under constant revision, specifications covering certain items used in the chlorine

industry.

The Institute has developed and adopted specifications for safety

valves, angle valves, excess flow valves and manway covers, for

chlorine tank cars, tank trucks and tank barges, as well as valves

and fusible plugs for chlorine cylinders and ton containers.

The Committee has also developed recommended methods for

the unloading of chlorine tank cars, maintenance of tank car

valves, analysis of chlorine for impurities and design of stationary

storage tanks.

The Institute cooperates actively with the Compressed Gas Association in matters relating to the safe transportation of compressed gases, and with the Association of American Railroads in

the development of tank car specifications and approval of tank car

designs.

CLAY PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION, Robert G. Scott, Vice President

and General Manager, P. O. Box 172, Barrington, Illinois 60010

This is a nonprofit organization, formed in 1917, to advance and

promote the use of clay products by means of field engineering

promotion, research, advertising, publicity, and to aid in preparation of national specifications and codes in cooperation with the

Government and engineering organizations. The members of the

Clay Products Association are chiefly located in the middle west.

Vitrified clay sewer pipe is the principal product. The Association prepares and publishes engineering handbooks, educational

movies, and brochures to aid engineers and city officials in methods

of financing and preparing data for bond elections for municipal

improvement.

The members of the Clay Products Association cooperate in the

national research program carried out by the National Clay Pipe

Manufacturers Research Laboratory in Crystal Lake, Illinois. The publications of the Association are: "Clay Pipe Engineering

Manual," "Handbook of Pipe Laying and Inspection," "Planning

for New Sewers," 'Tentative Standards," ''Handbook of Perimeter

Heating," and "Sewer Facts."

The Clay Products Association cooperates with the American

Society of Civil Engineers, American Society for Testing and

Materials, American Association of State Highway Officials, the

Federal Government, and other specification and code making

bodies in the development of standards and specifications covering

the products manufactured by its members.

CLAY SEWER PIPE ASSOCIATION, E. M. Masterson, Executive

Vice President, 300 Cedar Boulevard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

15228

This Association is a regional nonprofit organization incorporated in 1939. The Association members are vitrified clay pipe

94
manufacturers in the northeastern part of the United States. The

objectives of the organization are to advance the merits and use of

vitrified clay sewer pipe and kindred products.

Regionally located District Engineers are assigned throughout

the area covered by the Association. Overall supervision as well

as compilation of data is handled from the Pittsburgh office by the

Executive Vice President.

Research is conducted in two programs: (1) by individual manufacturers in their own laboratories in the many phases of ceramic

pipe bodies and jointing, and (2) by contribution, which along

with those from the other 3 regional Associations, allow the

National Clay Pipe Institute to maintain and operate a laboratory

located at Crystal Lake, Illinois. Research programs are likewise

occasionally conducted at various independent research laboratories and universities.

The Association conducts research programs on the improvement of ceramic pipe bodies, and improvement of pipe joints and

jointing materials.

It publishes the "Clay Pipe Engineering Manual" for engineers,

city and State officials, and architects. Also, ''Inspector's Handbook" and Technical Bulletins are issued on various subjects

pertaining to vitrified clay pipe and kindred products.

The Association makes available colored 16 mm films which show

the details of clay pipe manufacturing, construction data, and

accompanying sewer appurtenances. Two color-sound motion pic- tures are available to help promote sewer construction programs

and improve construction practices. Several pamphlets on the

need of sanitary waste handling and treatment are offered to assist

municipal agencies.

The Clay Sewer Pipe Association is active in the work of the

American Society for Testing and Materials, the United States of

America Standards Institute, and the American Association of

State Highway Officials. It also assists in the development of

Federal Specifications.

COLOR ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES, (Formerly

Textile Color Card Association of the U. S.), Midge Wilson, Executive Director, 200 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016

This nonprofit organization was established in 1915 to issue

color forecasts. Its scope includes market research and color consultation service. Seasonal forecasts are issued twice a year, plus

special color cards for men's wear, men's socks, millinery, hosiery,

gloves, women's socks and anklets. Membership, by companies

and individuals around the world, represents all fields such as

fabrics, paints, wallpaper, plastics, floor coverings, automotive,

aeronautical, china, chemicals, dyestuffs, cosmetics, etc. This Association created the Standard Color Card of America.

Certain Government and most industrial color requirements are

specified by reference to standards in the current 9th Edition.

The Association issued Branches & Agencies, Arms & Services

Color Card; U. S. Army Thread Color Card and Tape Color Card

in cooperation with the Quartermaster Corps. It also worked with

the Superintendent of the U. S. Air Force Academy in issuing its

official colors, and has compiled standards for official flags for the

95
U.N., foreign countries, States, colleges and universities.

Scientific data on the Standard 9th Edition colors and the armed

services colors is given in the National Bureau of Standards

Research Paper RP1700.

COMMISSION ON STANDARDS AND ACCREDITATION OF

SERVICES FOR THE BLIND, Alexander F. Handel, Director, 15

West 16th Street, New York, N. Y. 10011

Established in 1963 at the initiative of the American Foundation

for the Blind, the Commission was charged with the responsibility

of developing a national system of voluntary accreditation

designed to improve the quality of specialized services for blind

persons. As a prerequisite to the establishment of an accreditation program, the Commission appointed 12 technical committees

to develop standards. Standards have been developed for the

following areas: physical facilities, education, library services,

orientation and mobility services, rehabilitation centers, sheltered

workships, social services, vocational services, agency function and

structure, fiscal and service accounting, fund raising and public

relations, and personnel administration.

The Commission's work will soon be completed with the publication of standards and the establishment of a permanent organization dedicated to the management of a national system of

voluntary accreditation of local services for the blind, and to the

periodic revision of existing standards as well as the formulation

of new standards as they are needed.

COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, F. R. Fetherston, Managing

Director, 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10036

This Association concerns itself only with technical matters

relating to safety in the transportation, storage, handling, and to some extent, in the use of the compressed gases. It publishes a

series of pamphlets relating to the gases and to matters pertinent

to their storage and handling. It has developed a number of

industry standards, some of which have been processed through

the United States of America Standards Institute and endorsed as USA Standards. This Association cooperates with additional

technical societies in related industries, such as the National Fire

Protection Association, American Society for Testing and Materials, and others.

CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE, F. S. Clough,

Managing Director, 228 North LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601

The primary objectives of this organization are to foster and

increase the use of reinforced concrete construction; to carry on

research work, publish and disseminate information as to the safe

and proper materials to be used in reinforced concrete construction, and the proper methods of their use; to aid and promote the

standardization of materials and nomenclature, the standardiza96
tion of specifications and building codes, and the standardization

of engineering practice methods of fabrication.

The Institute maintains three committees which deal with work

in standardization and simplification: Engineering Practice, Bar

Support, and Concrete Joist Construction. Each conducts extensive studies and tests in its respective area through independent

research firms, universities, field work and the like. The Committee on Engineering Practice has been responsible for

publication of several technical books. The "Manual of Standard

Practice," now in its sixteenth edition, presents data conforming

to all of the latest codes affecting estimating, detailing, fabricating

and contracting for reinforcing materials. Published periodically

is the ''Design Handbook" which contains up-to-date data for the

engineer's use in designing with reinforced concrete. The latest

700-page volume conforms to provisions of the 1963 ACI Building

Code and eliminates much of the routine in designing structures

using 60,000 psi yield steel and 3,750 psi concrete. It is particularly useful in preliminary estimating, for establishing sizes and

clearances and for comparing different types of construction.

*'CRSI Recommended Practice for Placing Reinforcing Bars," was first issued in 1959. This 300-page book summarizes the best

of accepted practices for the placement of reinforcing bars, welded

wire fabric and their supports in the exact spot where needed.

The latest edition conforms to the 1963 ACI Building Code.

Additional noteworthy standardization accomplishments have

been : (1) Initiated adoption by the U. S. Department of Commerce

of Simplified Practice Recommendations R26 covering bar sizes,

R53 covering spirals, and R87 for widths of concrete joist construction forms; (2) Acceptance by producing mills of the CRSI

trademark '-N-" as a mark of quality on new billet steel; (3)

Inspired the formulation and adoption of the first ACI Building

Code.

The Institute sponsors or supports broad research and testing

projects to determine safe working stresses for concrete reinforcing bars. It is a major contributor to the Reinforced Concrete

Research Council of the Engineering Foundation, which, over the

years has contributed significant research into better usage of the

product.

The Institute maintains membership and actively participates in

committee work of such national organizations as the American

Society for Testing and Materials, American Concrete Institute,

the American Welding Society, and other technical bodies. It also

cooperates with various agencies of the Federal Government in

connection with standardization work affecting the reinforcing

steel industry, as well as with such groups as the Portland Cement

Association, American Association of State Highway Officials, and

the Highway Research Board.

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS INSTITUTE, Ronald S. Ryner, Executive Director, 307 Dupont Circle Building, N.W.,

Washington, D. C. 20036

The purpose of the Institute is to improve construction specifications. Its work is not limited to building specifications but is concerned with specifications for all types of construction.

97
The membership consists of individuals who are interested in

improving specifications such as architects, engineers, contractors,

material suppliers, students, teachers, etc. In 1965, the Institute

had a membership of about 7,000 and 65 Chapters throughout the

United States. CSI publishes a monthly magazine, 'The Construction Specifier," which is distributed to members as a member service.

The Institute also publishes technical studies dealing with specific

portions of construction specifications. A series of standard specifications for workmanship has recently been started as a CSI

project.

Most of the technical information is supplied by members working through CSI committee structures. Nonmembers are invited

to contribute ideas by commenting on early drafts of CSI technical

studies.

CONTRACTING PLASTERERS' AND LATHERS' INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION, Joe M. Baker, Jr., Managing Director,

1343 H Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005

Standard specifications for lathing and plastering which may be

incorporated into architects' construction specifications, have been

formulated and adopted by this Association. These specifications

have been revised and updated as of 1963, and the revisions have

been approved by the Association's Technical Committee and

Board of Directors. Included in the specifications are recom- mended practices for various types of lath, plastering and stucco,

with requirements for materials, or the citing of standard

specifications for materials.

The Association has established a joint committee with the

OP&CMIA (Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association) and with the WW&MLIU (Wood, Wire, and

Metal Lathers' International Union) to establish standards of

apprenticeship for plastering and lathing. It has also established a Manufacturers' Liaison Committee to improve communications

between the Association and manufacturers and manufacturers'

associations in the industry.

The Association is officially represented on committees C-7

Lime, C-11 Gypsum, C-20 Acoustical Materials, and E-6 Testing, of the American Society for Testing and Materials. It is also

affiliated with the United States of America Standards Institute

and other organizations.

The Association has an active Technical Committee which participates in joint meetings with technical committees of the Gypsum Association, Metal Lath Association, Perlite Institute, and

other organizations.

The Association has established through cooperation with the

international unions of the industry the National Bureau for Lathing and Plastering, 1725 K Street, N.W., Washington D. C. 20006,

which is a national promotional organization.

CONTRACTORS PUMP BUREAU, Raymond E. Johnson, Secretary,

1957 E Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

This Bureau, with a membership of 14 firms engaged in manufacturing contractor-type pumps, establishes standards covering

98
the manufacture and operation of such pumps. It has published

standards for both centrifugal and diaphragm pumps as well as

''trash" pumps and submersible pumps. In addition, the Bureau

publishes a Contractors' Pump Manual which is intended to give

the user of pumps a complete collection of necessary information

and statistics. CONVEYOR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

R. C. Sollenberger, Executive Vice President, One Thomas Circle,

Washington, D. C. 20005

CEMA is actively interested in industrial standards and maintains an organization membership in the United States of America

Standards Institute. It is also represented on standards committees of such organizations as the American Society of Mechanical

Engineers and the American Mining Congress.

The Association publishes Book No. 101 Conveyor Terms and

Definitions. It defines more than 1,400 conveyor types, parts,

and related equipment. Preferred terms are accompanied by

definitions.

In addition, CEMA has published the following standards:

CEMA Standard No. 201-1960 Keys, Keyseats & Keyways, a standard of recommended dimensions and tolerances to meet the

needs of conveyor manufacturers and other machinery producers;

CEMA Standard No. 401-1962 Roller Conveyors—Non Powered,

which establishes recommended engineering and application practice for package handling roller conveyors and offers a uniform

nomenclature and certain dimensional standards; CEMA Standard

No. 402-1964 Belt Conveyors, establishes recommended design

and application engineering practice for package handling belt

conveyors and includes a uniform nomenclature and certain dimensional standards; CEMA Standard No. 403-1965 Belt Driven Live

Roller Conveyors, establishes recommended design and application

engineering practice for this popular type of conveyor: CEMA

Standard No. 404-1965 Chain Driven Live Roller Conveyors,

establishes recommended design and application engineering practice for a second form of live roller conveyor; and CEMA Standard

No. 300-1963 Screw Conveyors, includes a series of recommended

dimensional standards for major screw conveyor components and

tables for troughs, trough ends, screws (helicoid and sectional

flight), cut-flight, cut-and-folded flight, flange bolt spacing, paddles, ribbon flight, and plain discharge spouts.

COOLING TOWER INSTITUTE, Edward L. Bishop, Manager, 4242

Richmond Avenue, Houston, Texas 77027

The Institute, organized in 1950, is a nonprofit, self-governing

association of manufacturers and owners of industrial water cooling towers. Its standards program is planned around the development of a series of individual standards which, taken together,

constitute a specification for a CTI Code Tower. CTI Code Tower

Standard Specifications which have been published are: Bulletin

STD-103, Redwood Lumber Specifications: Recommended grades,

grading rules, and allowable design stresses for redwood lumber;

Bulletin ATP-105, Acceptance Test Procedure: Methods and

99
instrumentation for determining water cooling capability of

mechanical draft towers; Bulletin NCL-109, Nomenclature:

Terms and definitions describing cooling towers and their performance; Bulletin STD-111, Gear Speed Reducers: Rating practice

and operating considerations for use with propeller type fans;

Bulletin WMS-112, Pressure Preservative Treatment of Lumber:

Minimum retentions and penetrations in application of AWPA

treatment standards; Bulletin STD-114, Douglas Fir Lumber

Specifications: Grades, recommended stress, nonframework grades

and grading rules in application of WCLA grades; Bulletin

STD-115, Southern Pine Lumber Specifications: Grades, recom- mended stress, nonframework grades and grading rules in application of SPIB grades; Bulletin STD-119, Timber Fastener Specifications: Recommended material, manufacturing limitations,

design requirements and allowable loads for timber fasteners.

Standards in preparation by CTI committees include fan motors

and a cement asbestos standard.

CORDAGE INSTITUTE, Frank J. Haas, Chairman, Technical

Committee, 350 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

The Institute's Technical Committee serves as an advisory committee to the Cordage Industry and cordage users. It cooperates

with the American Merchant Marine Association, American

Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society for Testing

and Materials, Bureau of Yards and Docks, U. S. Navy and all Government agencies publishing Military and Federal Specifications on cordage. In addition, the committee has developed a Standard Method for Testing Synthetic Ropes.

CORK INSTITUTE OF AMERICA, Arthur L. Faubel, Director, 342

Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

The Institute cooperates with Federal Government agencies in

the preparation of Federal Specifications for cork products. It also

represents the American cork products industry with the United

States of America Standards Institute, and from time to time it has collaborated with Government departments in connection with

regulations concerning cork products. The Institute also acts as a liaison between the American cork industry and the U. S. Department of Commerce in connection with the Department's

interest in raw cork and manufactured cork products.

CORN INDUSTRIES RESEARCH FOUNDATION, William J. Hoover, Administrative Vice President, 1001 Connecticut Avenue,

N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

The Foundation is a nonprofit national organization serving 11 corn refining companies in the United States. Governed by a Board of Trustees, 2 from each of the 11 corporate members, the

Foundation conducts industrywide programs of research, technical

service and public information. Its varied activities include the

development of standardized procedures, terminology, instrumen100
tation, methods of measurement, and the like on behalf of industry

members and the consumers of industry products.

The formulation of standardized analytical methods for use within the industry is a continuing mission of the Foundation's

Technical Advisory Committee. A TAG subcommittee compiled a reference volume, Critical Data Tables, available from the

Foundation at cost. Another group, the Technical Service Committee, gives attention to broad technical-service problems. It recently prepared

standard definitions for starch hydrolysates and has supervised

the compilation of data in such semitechnical booklets as Corn

Starch, Corn Syrups and Sugars, Corn Oil, and Corn Gluten Feed

and Meal, obtainable from the Foundation without charge.

COUNCIL FOR NATIONAL COOPERATION IN AQUATICS,

Jackson M. Anderson, Chairman, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W.,

Washington, D. C. 20036

The Council was organized in 1951 for the purpose of providing

a setting in which official representatives from national organizations with a primary concern in the field of aquatics could come

together to discuss common problems, engage in aquatic projects

of mutual benefit, and improve aquatic standards throughout the

nation. The important work of GNCA in the development and

improvement of aquatic standards has been centered around the

following concerns: (1) the development and promotion of stan- dards for the training of lifeguards; (2) the development and

promotion of standards for the construction and operation of

swimming pools; (3) the support and promotion of scuba stan- dards developed by the National Council of YMCA's (4) the development and promotion of aquatic leadership standards; (5) the

development and promotion of standards for the training of diving

judges; and (6) the development and promotion of standards

for planning, conducting, and evaluating aquatic workshops and

conferences.

In its efforts to develop and improve aquatic standards, GNCA

has produced the following materials: ''Lifeguard Training

Principles and Administration," 191 pages, 1964; "The New Sci- ence of Skin and Scuba Diving," 208 pages, 1962; and 'Training

the Diving Judge," 16 mm. film, silent, black and white 11 Vo min.

COUNCIL OF NATIONAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS, Bill M.

Woods, Chairman, 31 East 10th Street, New York, N. Y. 10003

This Association includes in its membership 13 major library

associations in the United States. Nearly all of these associations are concerned with standardization in various aspects of

librarianship.

CNLA's principal concern with standardization is as sponsor,

since November 1950, of United States of America Standards

Institute Sectional Committee Z39 on Library Work and Documentation. The work of this committee has been assigned to 13

subcommittees having the following titles: Machine Input Records,

Periodical Title Abbreviations, Bibliographic References, Transliteration, Abstracts, Library Statistics, Terminology, Arrangement

101
of Periodicals, Program, Indexing, Trade Catalogs, Classification,

and Filing. USASI Approved Standards for Indexes (1959) and

Periodical Title Abbreviations (1963) have been published, and a standard for Trade Catalogs has been approved. The committee

also represents U. S. opinion on any subject area within its competence in meetings of the International Standards Organization.

In this connection there is considerable work in the areas of

Transliteration and Terminology.

CRAYON, WATER COLOR AND CRAFT INSTITUTE, Elizabeth

Clarkson, Executive Secretary, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York,

N.Y. 10017

The Institute gives school and other purchasers of children's art materials, information concerning minimum quality and nontoxic

requirements, and also packaging specifications. In connection

with these requirements and specifications, the Institute has

worked in cooperation with the Commodity Standards Division

(now Product Standards Section) of the National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, to develop Commercial Standard

CS130-60 Color Materials for Art Education in Schools, and Simplified Practice Recommendation R192-63 Crayons and Related

Art Materials for School Use.

The Institute has also established a Certified Products Seal

which gives assurance of quality and nontoxicity so that no known

toxic materials in sufficient quantities to be injurious to the human

body are contained in the products of its members which bear this

Seal. The products covered by the Seal are crayons, chalk, finger

paints, modeling clay, liquid and powdered tempera and cake and

semi-moist water colors.

DAIRY AND FOOD INDUSTRIES SUPPLY ASSOCIATION, Joseph

S. Cunningham, Executive Vice President, 1145 19th Street, N.W.,

Washington, D. C. 20036

The Technical Committee of this Association is one of three

major participants in the joint development of 3-A Sanitary

Standards for the dairy industry. 3-A Sanitary Standards are voluntary standards which establish sanitary criteria for dairy

processing equipment. Approximately 30 sanitary standards

have been published to date and half that many new standards are

pending. Standards published include those for fittings, pumps,

storage tanks, transportation tanks, heat exchangers, pasteurizers,

and freezers.

Participating jointly in this standards program are representatives from U. S. Public Health Service, International Association

of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, and The Dairy

Industry Committee.

DATA PROCESSING MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, R. Calvin

Elliott, Executive Director, 505 Busse Highway, Park Ridge, Illinois 60068

This is an organization both national and international in scope,

composed of 20,000 data processing and systems personnel

engaged in the use and management of computers and related

102
equipment. DPMA assists in the development of standards in the

data processing field through its membership and active participation on United States of America Standards Institute Committee

X3 on Computers and Information Processing. Through this

membership and through DPMA's official monthly publication,

"Journal of Data Management, the Association encourages and

publicizes efforts toward the development of standards in data processing equipment, terminology, data codes, analysis, documentation and computer programming languages.

DPMA publishes all proposed standards of the various X3

Subcommittees for review and comment by its members. These

are discussed at meetings of X3 where the DPMA delegate is empowered to register DPMA's vote. DIAMOND FRUIT GROWERS, G. C. Crossland, General Manager,

Hood River, Oregon 97031

This association handles fresh fruits such as apples, pears and

cherries, the grades and standards of which are fixed by the State

and Federal Departments of Agriculture. It also handles canned

pears, apples, apple juice, apple sauce, vinegar, and cherries, the

standards of which are fixed by the Food and Drug Administration, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Changes in stan- dards are first worked through Standards Committees of

Northwest Canners and Freezers Association, and the National

Canners Association.

This association cooperated with the National Bureau of Standards and the apple wraps industry in the development of a quality

standard for dry and oiled paper apple wraps. This resulted in the

establishment of Commercial Standard CS44-32, which was

published by the National Bureau of Standards.

DIAMOND WALNUT GROWERS, A. L. Buffington, General

Manager, 1050 South Diamond Street, Stockton, California 95201

Following investigation and report by its Evaluation Committee, this association, through its Board of Directors, adopted specifications covering all the different packs of walnuts sold, both

shelled and unshelled. These specifications are closely similar to those established under the Federal Walnut Marketing Agreement

in effect under the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, and

are also similar to standards for United States grades for both

shelled and unshelled walnuts.

DIESEL ENGINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Frank P

Anderson, Secretary, 122 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Association has prepared and issued a book entitled, ''Stan- dard Practices for Stationary Diesel and Gas Engines." This book

deals with stationary engine installations, definitions, types of

equipment and performance of diesel, dual fuel, and gas engines

for stationary applications. It has also issued another publication

entitled, "Marine Diesel Standard Practices." The latter covers

applications in marine service.

The purpose of these books is to be of service to diesel and gas

engine users, prospective buyers and consulting engineers. The

103
information in both volumes represents an up-to-date consensus of

recommendations developed by engine manufacturers, parts and

accessory manufacturers, oil companies and other associations and

societies having an interest in internal combustion engine power

plants of the types described in the two titles. DISTILLED SPIRITS INSTITUTE, Robert W. Coyne, President,

1132 Pennsylvania Building, Washington, D. C. 20004

The development of standards of identity and quality constitutes an important activity of this Institute. Through its various committees, composed of qualified technicians of member companies,

and through its Washington staff, the Institute carries on contin- uous studies of appropriate standards of identity for distilled spirrits and cooperates with the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax Division of

the Internal Revenue Service in the adoption of official standards.

Through its Technical Committee, the Institute engages in studies and experiments designed to formulate standard analytical

methods. Through the Distillers Feed Research Council, a con- tinuing effort is made in the field of standardization of production

methods and controls of distillers dried grains, as well as in the

standardization of the end product.

DRIED FRUIT ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA, W. W. Dada,

Technical Director, 303 Brokaw Road, Santa Clara, California 95050

Since 1909 this Association has established grade standards for

dried fruits and raisins. These standards comply with both the

domestic and foreign need to know that goods shipped comply with

contract descriptions. The standards of this type defy explicit

definition since the goods are inspected according to the buyer's

specifications and his acceptance of the merchandise. Certificates

issued as a result of this type of inspection have achieved

world-wide acceptance and establish a prime focal evidence of a

"delivery" by the shipper.

This organization has for many years participated in the

establishment of written specifications defining defects and certain

quality standards as set forth in U.S.D.A. grades and industry

specifications. It also acts as the research agency in developing

such standards as may be required for new products developed in

the dried fruit industry. One of the most recent endeavors in the

field of standards was the development of sanitation standards for

the World Health Organization of the United Nations.

Services rendered by this Association now include prune,

walnut, and fig inspections as required by Federal or State Marketing Orders governing these products, and under private contract,

inspections of the majority of dried apples and cut fruits produced

in California.

EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE, H. E. Kent, Director of

Engineering, 750 Third Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Institute is the trade association of the investor-owned

electric light and power companies. The major part of its stan- dardization activities is carried out through representation on

104
some 100 sectional committees of the United States of America

Standards Institute. Most of these are concerned with standards

for electric utility equipment and customers' appliances and also

codes involving industry practices, such as the National Electrical

Safety Code. The Institute also carries on a certain amount of

standardization relative to electric utility equipment with other

industry associations such as the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Institute representatives are likewise active in

standardizing activities of the American Society for Testing and

Materials and the National Fire Protection Association.

Certain committees of the Institute issue a series known as ''Suggestions for Specifications," intended particularly for use of

the member companies as an aid in preparing their own specifications for purchase of material. The Transmission and Distribution Committee has issued some 50 of these, covering various items

of line hardware, insulators, and street lighting equipment. Other

committees have issued several relating to watt-hour and demand

meters and safety equipment. The titles of these various specifications are shown in the ''EEI Price List of Publications,"

available from the Institute.

ELASTIC FABRIC MANUFACTURERS INSTITUTE, E. B. Pomeroy, Executive Director, Box 710, New London, Connecticut

06321

This organization has developed five standards or guides, which

are briefly described as follows: (1) Woven Waistband Elastic

Minimum Performance Standard covers woven elastic for men's

and boys' underwear shorts in widths of 1 in., 1% in. and II/2 in. It includes complete test procedure and measures of performance

for original elongation, original tension, and for tension loss under

heat. (2) Braided Waistband Elastic Quality Performance Standard A-1 covers elastic braid in widths of 15/32 in. and V2 in. for use in waistbands of women's panties and half slips. Complete

test procedure is given to measure performance for original tension, ultimate elongation and tension loss under heat. (3) Classification Guide for Use of Woven Elastic in Outerwear Waistband

refers to woven waistband elastic used to hold up trousers, shorts,

etc. It sets forth characteristics of original tension, original minimum stretch and minimum width for the categories of light

weight, medium weight and heavy weight fabric use. Reference is also made to the characteristics of resistance to heat, resistance to chlorine, resistance to drycleaning and colorfastness. (4) Schedule of Width Tolerances for Woven Elastic Fabrics establishes

width tolerances, based upon requirements of the overwhelming

majority of purchasers of woven elastic. The tolerances cover

elastic from % in. in width to 24 in. in width. (5) Tolerances on Width and Stretch of Elastic Braid cover Vs in. to over 1 in. wide

elastic braid. The stretch tolerance is set forth and explained by

an example.

ELECTRIC OVERHEAD CRANE INSTITUTE, Joe H. Peritz, Executive Secretary, One Thomas Circle, Washington, D. C. 20005

This organization has adopted standard specifications for stan- dard industrial service electric overhead traveling cranes. It also

105
cooperated with the Bureau of Yards and Docks of the Navy

Department in the development of standards in connection with

electric overhead cranes. The Institute is represented on the

United States of America Standards Institute's sectional committee on Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS SERVICE ASSOCIATION, August A.

Baechle, Executive Vice President, 7330 Carondelet Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63105

This Association has developed the following standards for use by its 1500 member firms throughout the United States and

Canada: (1) Electric Motor and Generator Rebuilding Standards —for integral horse power motors and electrical machinery

and equipment one to one thousand KVA; (2) Transformer

Rebuilding Standards—applying only to transformers completely

rewound; (3) Rewinding Standards for Single Phase Induction

Motors—for ratings up to and including 10 H.P., 300 volts, Class

A insulation; and (4) Rewinding Standards for Three Phase

Induction Motors—for ratings up to and including 200 H.P., 600

volts, Class A insulation.

ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, Ernest G. Enck, Executive

Secretary, 30 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

The standardization work of this organization is carried on

largely by committees appointed to deal with primary and secon- dary batteries, alkali and chlorine, corrosion, power, electrochemistry of gases, and insulating materials.

Through its several committees, the Society cooperates with

the National Electrical Manufacturers Association and the

National Bureau of Standards in the formuulation of standard

tests for dry cells. It also cooperates with the United States of America Standards

Institute in the formulation of USA Standard specifications for

dry cells and batteries, and on the following work: Definitions of

electrical terms; standard scientific and engineering symbols and

abbreviations; and graphical symbols and abbreviations used on

drawings. The Society's cooperative work is also being carried on with the American Society for Testing and Materials in determining the resistances to corrosion of various metals and alloys.

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, James D. Secrest,

Executive Vice President, 1721 DeSales Street, N.W., Washington,

D.C. 20036

Approximately 200 Engineering Committees, covering areas of consumer products, industrial electronics, Government equipment

and component parts, and staffed by industry representatives,

develop material for standardization which is distributed as Standards Proposals to all member companies and many others (currently about 1,500) for comment and criticism. All replies

received are considered by the originating group, and committee

efforts are directed to resolving adverse comments either by addi106
tional contact with the objector, or by modification of the Standards Proposal. Any changes to the Standards Proposal, other

than editorial, require a resubmission to industry.

A complete dossier of the Standards Proposal, including a tabulation of companies responding and disposition of comments, is then submitted to the EIA General Standards Committee. This

committee, acting as a judicial body, evaluates the comments and

votes on the acceptability of the Proposal as an EIA Standard.

Upon acceptance, the Standard is published, distributed to member

companies, and made available to industry by listing in the index

of EIA Standards.

Generally all standards are reviewed at least every five years and

are either reaffirmed or modified using the Standards Proposal

procedure.

Those standards having a broader interest are submitted to the

appropriate Sectional Committee of the United States of America

Standards Institute for consideration as USA Standards.

There are approximately 200 standards currently available, cov- ering all types of components (capacitors, resistors, transformers,

waveguides, printed circuits, sockets, crystals); communications

equipment and systems (microwave relay, mobile, airborne, broadcast and television); electron tubes and semi-conductor devices;

sound equipment (speakers, microphones, magnetic recording

equipment, records); wire; cables, and transmission lines; preferred numbers and colors for coding, modular dimensions, racks

and panels, etc. Recently work has also been initiated in the areas

of integrated circuits and microelectronics.

In addition, a variety of test charts have been standardized and

made available for checking resolution, linearity, and registration

of television and facsimile systems.

The Association also sponsors the Electron Tube Council of the

Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC), and cosponsors with the National Electrical Manufacturers Association

(NEMA) the Semiconductor Device Council of JEDEC. The processing of items for standardization from JEDEC is handled in

the same manner as described above. The EIA Engineering

Office also administers the JEDEC type designation system which

makes possible the interchangeability of electron tubes and

semiconductors from many sources of manufacture.

Committees of the Association maintain close liaison and

actively cooperate with related groups in other standardizing

bodies such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, United States of America Standards Institute, National

Electrical Manufacturers Association, American Society for Test- ing and Materials, National Machine Tool Builders Association,

and others.

Military standardization efforts include liaison and cooperation

with Governmental agencies of the Department of Defense and the

individual military services, and include the submission of industry recommendations for new or modified Military Standards and

Specifications.

Other Governmental Standardizing liaison is maintained with

the Federal Communications Commission, Federal Trade Commission, and the Federal Civil Defense Administration.

107
International standardization is accomplished by EIA participation in the activities of the U. S. National Committee of the

International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC^. EIA presently

serves as coordinator for all of the U. S. participation in the

electronics committees of the lEC.

ENGINEERING FOUNDATION-WELDING RESEARCH COUNCIL, K. H. Koopman, Director, 345 East 47th Street, New York,

N.Y. 10017

The Welding Research Council was organized in 1935 by the

Engineering Foundation and is now sponsored by the American

Welding Society, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,

American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of Mechanical

Engineers, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers,

American Society for Metals, and American Society for Testing

and Materials.

The Welding Research Council is a realistic, flexible mechanism

set up by interested engineering societies and trade associations to accomplish certain objectives. These objectives simply stated are: (1) to conduct needed cooperative research in welding and closely

alHed fields; (2) to disseminate research information; (3) to promote welding research in the universities; and (4) to provide a means for cooperation, interchange of ideas, and information with

similar agencies abroad.

The Council disseminates the results of its own research work

and that of many other affiliated organizations through its five regular publications, namely: Welding Research, Reports of Progress, Welding Research News, Bulletins, Welding Research

Abroad.

In addition to the regular publications of the Council, pamphlets, books, and special reports are issued from time to time.

All of these publications, which represent some $3 million worth

of research annually, are made available to subscribers and

research workers.

The Council is currently administering the following research

projects: Interpretive Reports, Weldability, Pressure Vessel

Research, Resistance Welding, Structural Steel, Fatigue of Welded

Joints, High Alloys, and Welding Procedures.

In addition to the engineering societies, the Council works

closely with more than a dozen governmental departments, and

such leading trade associations as the American Iron and Steel

Institute, American Petroleum Institute, American Institute of

Steel Construction, American Gas Association, Edison Electric

Institute, Resistance Welding Manufacturers Association, and

others.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, R. H. Nelson,

Executive Secretary, 4603 Calvert Road, College Park, Maryland

20740

The Committee on Insecticide Reference Standards of this

Society is composed of four members, two representing the physiology, biochemistry, and toxicology of insects, and two representing

crop protection entomology. It is the responsibility of this com108
mittee to act as the liaison group between the Society and the

corporation packaging and distributing the reference standards.

The committee, through its chairman, initiates and controls the

contacts between the manufacturers of the pesticidal chemicals

and the packaging-distributing corporation. Close control of

the purity of the standards is maintained. Periodically the committee chairman prepares a list of the standards which is published

in the ''Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America."

FACING TILE INSTITUTE, John M. Aldworth, Executive Secretary,

333 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601

This Institute is composed of manufacturers of ceramic glazed

structural facing tile, natural finish tile, and glazed brick. The

Institute has engaged in the standardization of shapes, colors, and

installation techniques. Recent efforts have resulted in publication

of updated specifications, simplification of shapes, and standardized industry packaging for glazed and natural finish tile. The Institute maintains liaison with the Structural Clay Products Research Institute, and Mason Contractors Association of

America. There is a continuous program of testing and certifi- cation of all members' products covering surface appearance and

finish conducted by Pittsburgh Testing Laboratories.

FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING CORPORATION, G. F. Wahl, President, 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike, Norwood, Massachusetts 02062

With district offices in 17 major industrial centers of the

United States and Canada, this organization provides property

and production-loss-prevention engineering service to industrial

organizations insured in the eight companies of the Factory

Mutual System. Standards developed by this organization from

loss experience, engineering background, and industrial-scale

research tests form the basis for its service. These numerous

standards, including such subjects as installing automatic sprinklers, safeguards for flammable liquids, gases, dusts, industrial ovens and dryers, and protection of buildings against wind

damage, are available to the public in handbook form.

An important group within the organization is the laboratories

which, in addition to conducting the test portion of loss-prevention

standards development, is an approval agency for equipment and

materials concerned with property damage limitation. Items

meeting their performance standards are listed in the Factory

Mutual publication entitled ''Approved Equipment and Materials

for Industrial Protection." Most such items are marked by the

manufacturers with a special identifying symbol to show that they

are so approved.

Through memberships and committee representations, assistance is given to the standardization activities of other national

scope organizations dealing with materials, equipment, and methods for industrial property and production-loss prevention. In- cluded are such organizations as the United States of America

Standards Institute, National Fire Protection Association, and

American Society for Testing and Materials.

109
FARM AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT INSTITUTE, Douglas

Hewitt, Executive Secretary and Treasurer, 410 North Michigan

Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611

The FIEI Engineering Committee makes recommendations to the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and to the Society

of Automotive Engineers for all standards required to provide safe

operation and functional as well as mechanical interchangeability

between different makes and models of farm tractors and PTO

driven or rear mounted implements.

Standard recommendations developed by the Engineering

Committee relate to hydraulic controls for trailing implements;

power take-off specifications and operating requirements

affecting both tractors and implements ; 3-point hitch for tractors

and implements; uniform controls for tractors and self-propelled

implements and recommendations for providing safety on tractors and all types of implements.

The FIEI Committee on Fasteners develops standard recommendations on fasteners peculiar to the industry and represents the

industry in standardization of many types of fasteners to effect economies through this means. The FIEI Crop Dryer Manufacturers Council developed and

recommended to the American Society of Agricultural Engineers

specifications to rate and evaluate crop dryers and to promote

efficiency and safety in the design, construction and use of heatedair crop dryers.

The FIEI Industrial Equipment Manufacturers' Council has

developed and recommended for use standard definition specifications for industrial tractors, backhoes, loaders, fork lifts, dozers,

rear-mounted blades, rippers and scarifiers, sickle barn and rotary

mowers, winches, earth drills, mobile drop hammers, and hydraulic

systems.

The FIEI Milking Machine Manufacturers' Council has agreed on ratings of vacuum pump capacity as accepted by the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers and is developing standards on

pipeline milkers to recommend to the Standards Committee of the

American Society of Agricultural Engineers.

The Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute actively participates in work of the International Standards Organization through

membership in the United States of America Standards Institute.

It also cooperates closely with United States Government agencies

in relation to inter-Governmental standards activities.

In addition, there are autonomous groups within FIEI such as the Barn Cleaner, Cattle Feeder and Silo Unloader Association

and the National Sprayer and Duster Association, working on

safety, design and installation standards for barn cleaners, silo unloaders and cattle feeders, and nomenclature for sprayers.

FEDERATION OF PAINT AND VARNISH PRODUCTION

CLUBS, Robert W. Matlack, Executive Secretary, 121 South Broad

Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

The Federation is the technical society of the decorative and

protective coatings industry and allied lines such as printing inks.

110
etc. Members of the Federation are chemists, chemical engineers,

and supervisory production personnel of the industry. The Federation is composed of 25 local organizations, 22 of which are in the

United States, 2 in Canada, and 1 in England.

The objectives of the Federation are as follows: (1) To develop

or provide practical and technical facts, data, and standards fundamental to the manufacture and use of paints, varnishes, lacquers,

related protective coatings, and printing inks; (2) to promote the

investigation and interchange of ideas among its members and to promote research and application of the sciences in the manufacture and use of paints, varnishes, lacquers, related protective coatings, and printing inks; (3) to arrange for the collection and

dissemination of information pertinent to the industries served by

the Federation and for the presentation, discussion, and publication of papers and other contributions; (4) to encourage the

establishment of constituent clubs and to coordinate their activities with those of the Federation; (5) to cooperate with the

National Paint, Varnish, and Lacquer Association and other

organizations in a manner consistent with the provisions of these

bylaws; and (6) to perform a public service by the constant improvement of products and elimination of wasteful methods

in manufacture.

FELT MANUFACTURERS COUNCIL, Daniel D. Gordon, Secretary,

c/o Northern Textile Association, 80 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110

The Council's Technical Committee, representing over eighty

percent of the pressed felt industry, is actively engaged in the

establishment, review, revision, and promulgation of physical and

chemical specification requirements for standard types of wool

felt in both roll and sheet form.

In addition to counseling Federal agencies and engineering

societies such as the American Society for Testing and Materials

and Society of Automotive Engineers on their wool felt specifications, the Felt Council Technical Committee is a source for

new technical information and papers covering additional wool

felt performance characteristics which have not yet reached

specification requirement status. FLAT GLASS JOBBERS ASSOCIATION, William J. Birch, Executive

Director, 6210 West 10th Street, Topeka, Kansas 66615

This Association has recently published a revised edition of their

Glazing Manual. By virtue of its ever increasing popularity

throughout the United States, the new Manual has gained recognition and is now being widely distributed in numerous foreign

countries. Broadening design concepts, new construction methods

and accelerated building material developments made the republication imperative.

The new Manual was prepared by the FGJA Glazing Manual

Committee. Its purpose is to set forth in one volume the recom- mended basic procedures for glazing. The scope, however, has

been enlarged to encompass plastic installation as well as the new

111
suspended glazing system. The format of the Manual has been

improved, consolidating the information and making the technical

data more readily accessible.

It is the aim of this Manual to be of particular use to the

architect in specifying glazing methods, materials and procedures;

to the contractor in supplying the recommended materials; and to the glazier in achieving quality performance.

FLUID CONTROLS INSTITUTE, E. R. Rath, Executive Secretary,

P. O. Box 1485, Pompano Beach, Florida 33060

This Institute is a nonprofit association of manufacturers of

fluid control devices such as control valves, regulators, solenoid

valves, safety and relief valves, traps, steam heating pumps,

strainers and separators, and space heating specialties. FCI is engaged in formulating voluntary standards and practices with re- spect to terminology, design, function, capacity, efficiency, construction, materials, manufacture, and testing of fluid control

devices through the Sections engaged in various fields of activity.

The Sections of the FCI engaged in standardization work

related to their field of activity include: Control Valve Section

which develops standards in the area of automatic, external power

operated control valves for positioning service; Regulator Section

which develops standards related to self-powered positioning regulators; Solenoid Valve Section; Safety and Relief Valve Section;

Industrial Steam Trap Section; Steam Heating Pump Section;

Strainer and Separator Section; and Steam Heating Specialties

Section.

At present, the following voluntary industrial standards have

been issued and are available upon request: FCI 55-1 Standard

Classification and Terminology for Power Actuated Valves; FCI

58-1 Definitions of Regulator Capacities; FCI 58-2 Recommended

Voluntary Standards for Measurement Procedure for Determining

Control Valve Flow Capacity; FCI 61-1 Recommended Voluntary

Standards for Procedure in Rating Flow and Pressure Characteristics for Solenoid Valves; FCI 62-1 Recommended Voluntary

Standard Formulas for Sizing Control Valves; FCI 65-1 Guide to Material Selection for Industrial Regulators; FCI 65-2 Voluntary

Standards for Determining Steam Trap Capacity Rating; and

FCI 65-3 Recommended Voluntary Standards for Face to Face

Dimensions of Control Valves.

FOOD FACILITIES ENGINEERING SOCIETY, Arthur B. Olian,

Executive Secretary, 1517 North Second Street, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17108

The purpose of this Society, founded in 1955, is to promote

research and improve design of public food facilities, and to foster

and further food facilities engineering as a recognized profession.

The Society's Research and Standards Committee is presently

engaged in developing a standard specification for food service

equipment.

FFES is a participating member of United States of America

Standards Institute Sectional Committee Z64 Mass Feeding

Kitchen Utensils and Containers. Research into the need for, and

specific areas of standardization are presently being conducted.

112
In addition, FFES has a committee whose chairman is a member

of the Joint Committee on Food Equipment Standards of the

National Sanitation Foundation. The committee has aided in

developing and revising NSF standards and criteria. An NSF

Installation Manual is presently being prepared, to which this

committee is contributing its recommendations.

FORGING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION, Robert W. Atkinson, Executive Secretary, 1121 Illuminating Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44113

This Association sponsors technical committees of forging

industry executives and by this means prepares recommended

schedules of standards and tolerances for forged components. The

Association also functions as a cosponsor with the National Safety

Council in the development of the USA Standard Safety Code for

Forging and Hot Metal Stamping, published by the United States

of America Standards Institute.

FRICTION MATERIALS STANDARDS INSTITUTE, H. G.

Duschek, Secretary, 370 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

The Technical Committee of this Institute is responsible for the

standardization and simplification of the products of this industry.

This committee has cooperated with the National Bureau of Standards in the development of specifications for a brake-lining test- ing machine which the Bureau constructed for testing purposes.

The committee also collaborated with the Federal Government in

the formulation and revision of the Federal Specifications covering

brake lining.

GALVANIZED WARE MANUFACTURERS COUNCIL, Thomas

Associates, Inc., Commissioners, 2130 Keith Building, Cleveland,

Ohio 44115

The standardization and simplification activities of this association are carried on by its Simplification and Standardization Committee. This committee has confined its work to simplification of

sizes of standard grade galvanized ware and assistance in the

development of Commercial Standard 161-59 covering standard

grade, hot-dipped galvanized ware, and Commercial Standard

169-59 covering galvanized ware fabricated from pregalvanized

steel sheets. These two Commercial Standards and Simplified

Practice Recommendation R226-47 were promulgated and

published by the Commodity Standards Division (now Product

Standards Section) of the U. S. Department of Commerce.

GAS APPLIANCE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Harold

Massey, Managing Director, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Association represents manufacturers of domestic, commercial, and industrial gas appliances, and their accessories, and

also manufacturers of gas production, transmission, and distribution equipment. It works cooperatively with the American Gas

Association in promulgating industry safety standards, functioning under the auspices of the United States of America Standards

Institute Sectional Committees Z21 and Z83.

113
GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA, Richart T. Liddicoat, Jr., Director, 11940 San Vincente Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90049

As a school for the purpose of training jewelers, this Institute

teaches diamond appraising and colored-stone evaluation, using

standard grading systems developed for this purpose. Several of

the systems employed are modifications of those long used in the

jewelry industry, but the Institute's appraising system developed

for diamonds is based on a grading system for diamond cutting,

which was possibly the first ever developed. Prices are set against

grading standards on each of the important gemstones. In addition, the Institute maintains gem-testing and research laboratories

in Los Angeles and New York City, as well as a gemological library

consisting of 1,000 volumes.

GRAVURE TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION, Warren R. Daum,

Executive Vice President, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

The constant pressure on the gravure printer for tighter production schedules and higher quality have brought about important

standardization and control methods, devices and instruments.

The Gravure Technical Association, with a membership widely

representative of the industry, has taken the lead in developing not

only standards, but also means of measuring and controlling various aspects of the process in order to maintain these standards.

The largest project to date has been the development and

establishment of a standards program for publication printing.

The positive standards program evolved from the necessity of

furnishing to the printer national advertisements from various

agencies, clients (advertisers), and suppliers or service houses,

consisting of reproduction material which must be assembled at one central point and etched into a common set of cylinders. In

order to balance out properly, these positives should be within a standard density range. The Positive Standards Committee, in

agreement with the various printers and suppliers of positives,

agreed to standardize on a continuous tone range of 1.65 to .35 for

continuous tone positives and .30 to .05 for halftone. In order to help maintain this standard, sets of color bars were made representing the two end densities and a middle tone density, namely

1.65, .95, and .35. Bars are all checked and certified by the Gra- vure Research Institute and distributed through GTA,

Representatives of GTA's engraver-service houses, ink suppliers

and printers have printed color guides, that is, bars of colors using

the positive standard scales and densities. These color guides are used as a point of reference throughout the various steps of the

reproduction process, and include overprints of the basic colors for

the accumulation of data on secondary colors, density evaluation,

etc.Proofing inks for newspaper supplements and magazines are

supplied to engravers under a GTA label which certifies that the same uniform proofing inks are being used by all involved. As an

additional point of reference GTA publishes ink guides which are used by the retoucher, the ink supplier, and the printer.

Service houses include the positive control strips along the edge

114
of all advertising positives they produce and these provide precise

controls of known quantities which guide them in processing these

advertisements. These proofs then go to the printer and provide

the necessary quality control tool in the etching of the final printing cylinder which may carry scores of four-color advertisements

supplied from all over the country. The result is a much closer

approach to absolutely uniform printing of the same copy in

various publications.

GTA's Densitometry Committee, in cooperation with Eastman

Kodak Company, recently completed the new Certified Step Wedge

for Calibrating Densitometers. The precise gray scale provides an

accurate standard for calibrating and checking densitometers used

in photographic processing. Each step wedge is checked and certified to conform to the accuracy of United States of America

Standards Institute specifications. A four-point recommendation

for proper care of densitometers also has been distributed.

In the field of package printing, GTA is compiling a Packaging

Guide covering inks, cylinder bases, doctor blades, impression

rolls, plating, engraving, gravure printing of film, printing of foil,

and copy preparation. Also in the area of packaging, GTA has

developed a standard set of positives for the creation of a color

chart. These positives may be obtained by individual package

printing plants, and charts made and run on their own equipment

on their own stock and with their own ink, and provide a color

chart of the type of work and type of material which the individual converter is interested in producing.

Another in the series of GTA certified assists is the gravure

microscope test plate. This aid consists of a copper plate section

with a single etched cell which has a depth certified in microns.

This furnishes a ready point of reference for calibration of the

gravure microscope.

The ink abrasion tester was developed a few years ago, and what

began as a specialized tool has now become an internationally

accepted instrument. , It has found wide use not only in abrasion

testing of inks, but also for coatings.

The cylinder gauge, developed over seven years ago through the

work of GTA committees, provides a practical tool for measuring

the diameter of a gravure cylinder within a tolerance of plus or minus .002 in. The large micrometer-type instrument permits the

"miking" of a cylinder completely to determine taper, end-to-end

variance, out-of-roundness, and conformance to plant stan- dards. A master wheel-like ring is provided with the gauge

for calibrating it. GRAY AND DUCTILE IRON FOUNDERS' SOCIETY, Donald H.

Workman, Executive Vice President; Charles F. Walton, Technical

Director, 930 National City-East 6th Building, Cleveland, Ohio

44114

The Society is a trade association in the foundry industry representing producers of gray iron, ductile iron, and white iron cast- ings in the United States and Canada. The Society itself does not

establish standards, but provides active support and data to the

standards organizations. Main participation is with the American

Society for Testing and Materials. The GDIFS promulgates a 115
summary of established specifications on the industry's products, an approved terms and conditions of sale, and a foundry cost accounting system. The Society's "Gray Iron Castings Handbook," published in 1958, is a complete (620 pages) reference on

the subject of gray, ductile, white and alloy iron castings.

GRINDING WHEEL INSTITUTE, Thomas Associates, Inc.,

Managers, 2130 Keith Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44115

The standardization and simplification activities of this Institute are carried on by two committees. Standards Committee and

Safety Committee. The work of the Standards Committee deals

primarily with simplification matters. It initated the program for

simplification of sizes of grinding wheels and these efforts resulted

in the establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendation

R45-57 which was published by the Commodity Standards Division (now Product Standards Section), U. S. Department of Commerce. This Standards Committee's activities also include assistance in the development of USA Standards covering the products

of the industry. As they are finalized, they are submitted to the

United States of America Standards Institute for approval.

This Institute was joint sponsor with the International Association of Governmental Labor Officials in the development of the

USA Standard Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of

Abrasive Wheels, which was approved and issued as USA Standard B7. 1-1964. The Institute is also represented on three

USASI committees—Small Tools and Machine Tool Elements,

Safety Code for Exhaust Systems, and the Mechanical Standards

Board of the United States of America Standards Institute.

GUMMED INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, William V. DriscoU,

Manager, 415 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Association cooperated with the Commodity Standards

Division (now Product Standards Section), National Bureau of

Standards in the establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendation R114-63 Gummed Kraft Paper Sealing Tape, covering

standard weights, sizes and strength of sealing tape. It also

publishes standard test procedures for various gummed products.

GYPSUM ASSOCIATION, Lloyd H. Yeager, Executive Vice President,

201 North Wells Street, Room 2510, Chicago, Illinois 60606

The Gypsum Association's main interest in standardization is concerned with the development of material and application stan- dards suitable for use within the construction industry. Most of

this work is done in cooperation with the American Society for

Testing and Materials and the United States of America Standards

Institute.

The Gypsum Association is a member of the American Society

for Testing and Materials and serves as Secretary to Committee

C-11 on Gypsum. It is also active on Committee E-5 on Fire

Test of Materials and Construction, Committee E-6 on Methods

of Testing Building Constructions, and Committee C-20 on

Acoustical Materials.

116
As a member of the United States of America Standards Institute, the Gypsum Association is a cosponsor of USA Standard

A97.1 for Gypsum Wallboard and the Standard A59.1 for Gypsum

Concrete. In addition, it is a member of USASI Sectional Committee A42.1 and A42.4 on Gypsum Plastering and Interior

Lathing and Furring.

GYPSUM ROOF DECK FOUNDATION, Edward H. Martin,

Executive Secretary, 1201 Waukegan Road, Glenview, Illinois 60025

This is a national trade association consisting of building contractors active in the promotion, sales and installation of pouredin-place gypsum roof decks. Members also include suppliers to the

industry. The association has developed and published the following: Standard Installation Practices for the Gypsum Roof Deck

Industry; Design Data, Poured Gypsum Roof Deck; and How to Inspect a Gypsum Roof Deck. The Association also publishes and was concerned with the development of United States of America

Standards Institute A59 Specifications for Reinforced Gypsum

Concrete; American Society for Testing and Materials Specifications C472, C473, C317, and C318; and the Gypsum Association

''Blue Sheet" on Testing Samples of Gypsum Concrete.

HACK AND BAND SAW MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OF

AMERICA, 1718 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, Illinois 60201

This Association has had standardization as the main objective

since its founding in the 1920's as the Hack Saw Association. At

that time, the Association's main purpose was to standardize the

many thousands of sizes of hack saw blades then on the market.

With the advent of band saws, the Association's name was

changed and its scope enlarged to include the standardization of

band saws. The Association keeps a close watch on the changes needed in

the Simplified Practice Recommendations and cooperates with the

National Bureau of Standards in rewriting them as necessary. A

band saw standard was recently revised to include the new high

speed and intermediate steels as well as new applications.

Changes needed in existing standards are detected by means of

popularity indices and nonstandards reports—the f^rst issued

annually and the second quarterly. New blades and new applications make this continual 'Watch-Dogging" imperative, for thus

the manufacturers remain flexible enough to fit their customer's

needs, and by standardization the number of "Specials" needed

cuts costs for everyone involved.

HARDWOOD DIMENSION MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

J. Edgar Kennedy, Managing Director, Wilson-Bates Building, 3813

Hillsboro Road, Nashville, Tennessee 37215

Committees of this Association cooperate with all lumber manufacturing associations for both hardwood and softwood, and furniture manufacturing and other wood using industries in bringing

about standardization programs on grading rules for hardwood

dimension parts. In this connection the Association, in March

117
1961, produced and published Fifth Editions of ''Rules for Measurement and Inspection of Hardwood Dimension Parts," ''Rules

for Measurement and Inspection of Hardwood Interior Trim and

Moldings," and "Rules for Measurement and Inspection of Hardwood Stair Treads and Risers." In order to assure purchasers

that the various types of products covered by these grading rules

and standards are in accordance with the quality and grade cov- ered by the standards, the producers of this industry may either

individually, or in cooperation with the Association, issue guarantee certificates of classification (HDMA Certificate of Origin) for

specific shipments, or grade and trademark, or each piece or bundle as conforming to the HDMA Grading Rules.

HARDWOOD PLYWOOD MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

Clark E. McDonald, Managing Director, P. O. Box 6246, Arlington,

Virginia 22206

Standardization is an important part of the activities of the

Association. HPMA is the national trade association of hardwood

plywood manufacturers with an office and laboratory building in

Arlington, Virginia.

HPMA initiated the recommended revisions to Commercial

Standard 35-61 Hardwood Plywood, and CS233-63 Laminated

Hardwood Block Flooring. It also established grade stamps for

its members' use to certify that their plywood or flooring meets the

requirements of these standards.

The Association cooperates with the development of other Commercial Standards, Federal and Military Specifications which

affect hardwood plywood or laminated hardwood block flooring.

HEARING AID INDUSTRY CONFERENCE, c/o S. F. Lybarger,

Vice President, Radioear Corporation, Radioear Building, Valley

Brook Road, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania 15317

The Conference is active in hearing aid standardization through

representation on United States of America Standards Institute

Sectional Committee S-3. It has issued one standard entitled

"HAIC Standard Method of Expressing Hearing-Aid Performance'' (1961) but is primarily concerned with supporting and

participating in the drafting of American and International Standards relating to hearing aids and audiometers.

A standards committee is active in the dissemination of stan- dards information to HAIC members and in coordinating HAIC

activities with other standards groups. The Conference has been

in existence since 1955 and its membership includes some thirty

hearing aid, hearing aid battery, hearing aid component and audiometer manufacturers doing business in the United States. HOME VENTILATING INSTITUTE, Arthur J. Tuscany, Jr., Executive Director, 1108 Standard Building, Cleveland, Ohio 45213

This Institute conducts a program to establish performance

standards and to certify product ratings of member companies

manufacturing ceiling, wall, oven, and range hood fans used in

118
kitchen, bath, family, laundry, and recreation rooms. Products

certified by H.V.I, have been tested in a recognized engineering

laboratory at Texas A & M University using equipment under

conditions approved by air movement engineering organizations.

All products tested and certified under this program are identified

by labels indicating H.V.I, performance ratings. The labelling of

products is recognized by the Federal Housing Administration as the standard of certified performance (FHA Minimum Property

Standards, Paragraph 1002-2.2).

The Home Ventilating Institute supports a public relations and

educational program and publishes books and pamphlets on the

subject of better ventilation for the home-building industry.

Membership is open to all qualified manufacturers in the home

ventilation industry.

ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY, A. D. Hinckley, Managing Director; C. L. Crouch, Technical Director; United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

Standardization work of this Society is carried on by over 80

technical committees and subcommittees which study and report to the Governing Council on lighting of all areas such as: airports

and aircraft, farms, industrial plants, institutions, offices, public

conveyances, residences, schools, service stations and parking

areas, sports and recreational areas, stores, streets and highways,

theaters and television studios. The Society's committees are also

concerned with light sources, lighting and air-conditioning, lighting education programs, lighting progress, lighting maintenance,

light control and equipment design, nomenclature, quality and

quantity of light, searchlighting and testing procedures for illumination characteristics. Standards, specifications, and reports on

the above subjects are published in the monthly journal, 'Tlluminating Engineering." ^ Many of these reports become USA Standards after processing through the channels of the United States

of America Standards Institute.

Through an active research program the Society is able to feed

to the technical committees data which is used in developing

reports and standards.

The Society is also active in related matters through representation on committees of other professional organizations, some of

which are the International Commission on Illumination, National

Research Council, Intersociety Color Council, National Office Management Association, Society of Motion Pictures and Television

Engineers, American Association for the Advancement of Science,

United States of America Standards Institute, National Committee

on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances, and U. S. Institute for

Theatre Technology.

INCINERATOR INSTITUTE OF AMERICA, Donald V. Reed,

Secretary-Treasurer, 630 Third Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

This is a national trade association whose members are individuals, firms, and corporations engaged in the design and manufacture

and/or construction of incinerators.

119
The Incinerator Institute of America has issued Incinerator

Standards based on research, and recommends that they be taken

as a basis for the development of codes in the many municipalities

of the United States. INDIANA LIMESTONE INSTITUTE OF AMERICA, D. R. Bliss,

Executive Director, 431 South College Avenue, Bloomington, Indi- ana 47401

This Institute, established in 1876, has for its purpose the following: To coordinate the interests of the Indiana Limestone industry

throughout the United States and Canada; to promote the product

impartially and to advertise truthfully; to conduct product and

application research; to compile and distribute literature, films,

and technical information; and to establish and maintain stan- dards of grading, finishes and fabrication.

The Institute represents thirty-five companies that quarry and

fabricate Indiana Limestone. Working in conjunction with various groups of the United States of America Standards Institute

and American Society for Testing and Materials, it has prepared,

established, and published standard specifications covering:

Grades, finish, physical properties, erection, setting, cleaning, and

water-proofing of Indiana Limestone; and a Handbook on Indiana

Limestone.

INDUSTRIAL DIAMOND ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, Margaret J. McGinnis, Executive Manager, 25 West 43rd Street, Room

1518, New York, N. Y. 10036

This Association is closely involved with standards for industrial diamonds. With the American Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers, it cosponsors United States of America

Standards Institute Project B-67, Industrial Diamonds and Accessories for Their Use. Through this project, a USA Standard for

Diamond Dressing Tools has been developed, approved, and made

available. Through cosponsorship with the Grinding Wheel Institute, the Association also cosponsors USASI Project B-74.1,

Identification Code for Diamond Wheel Shapes (currently under

revision). Other standardization projects are being studied by the

various committees with a view to presenting them to the United

States of America Standards Institute for approval.

In cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards, the

Association developed a separate Commercial Standard for grading of diamond powder, approved September 1963 and known as CS261-63, Grading of Diamond Powder in Sub-Sieve Sizes. It is currently cooperating with NBS in revising the other half of the

old CS123-49, Grading of Diamond Powder in Sieve Sizes.

INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS INSTITUTE, Frank Masterson,

President, 1517 Terminal Tower, Cleveland, Ohio 44113

The Institute is a trade association representing manufacturers

of industrial fasteners in the United States. Through its working

committees, sections, and technical staff, it is heavily involved in

120
standardization and simplification activities. In carrying forward

this work, the Institute develops fastener standards and actively

cooperates with national standard groups, Government agencies,

and other technically oriented associations.

Through its Committee on Standards and Technical Practices,

the Institute has published ''Bolt, Nut, and Rivet Standards" in

which are assembled the current adopted standard practices of the

fastener industry. Other publications of Institute standards and

recommendations are: ''Hexagon Locknuts-Torque Type, Steel,"

"Recommended Practices for Acceptable Quality Level for Bolts,

Nuts, and Similar Fasteners," "Locking Screw Specifications,"

"Twelve Point and Flanged Fasteners," and a "Manual on Packaging and Bulk Packing of Bolts, Screws, and Nuts."

The Institute's Publications and Information Committee

publishes a quarterly magazine, "Fasteners," which contains many

articles relating to standards. Special issues are devoted to cover- age of specific subjects such as a complete listing of Identification

Markings for Fasteners.

The Institute is officially represented on five Sectional Committees of the United States of America Standards Institute, and on

nine subcommittees under Bl and B18. The Technical Director of

the Institute is an official delegate to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and attends all meetings relating

to fasteners. Staff members also serve on standards committees

for the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the

Society of Automotive Engineers. The Technical Director is also a member of the Federal Government's Interdepartmental Screw

Thread Committee.

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT SOCIETY, John W. Linsley,

President, 330 South Wells Street, Chicago, Illinois 60606

Through the Occupational-Rating Research Group, this Society

developed an occupational-rating plan for hourly and salaried

occupations, which is a standard devised by the Society for stan- dardizing and evaluating occupations. This standard is being

widely used at the present time throughout the country. The use and adoption of the plan as set forth in this standard serve to establish more uniform classifications of grading occupations

among various manufacturers concerned. The Society also maintains a rental library of industrial engineering training and work

simplification films. These films depict "before" and "after"

phases of methods improvements made on actual jobs in some of

America's leading companies. All films are award winners from

an annual competition sponsored by the Society.

INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Clark D. Bridges, Managing Director, 55 East Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois 60602

The Association was organized originally as the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons. There are 3,600

member physicians affiliated. The objectives of the Association are to foster the study and

discussion of the problems peculiar to industrial medicine and

121
surgery; to develop methods adapted to the conservation of health

among workers in the industries; to promote a more general

understanding of the purposes of the medical care for employees;

and to unite into one organization members of the medical profession specializing in industrial medicine and surgery for their

mutual advancement in the practice of their profession.

Its Committee on Standards has established minimum stan- dards to be used in evaluating and accrediting medical service

programs in industry. These standards embrace the scope, purpose, and functions of occupational health programs and include

such factors as: Medical policy of the company, the professional

staff, pre-employment examinations for proper job placement, periodic examinations for health maintenance, provisions for adequate care of injury and illness, adequacy of medical facilities,

control of health hazards, and suitable records properly used. The

accreditation function, using these standards, is performed by the

Occupational Health Institute, Inc., an educational affiliate of the

Association.

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION, D. V. Reed,

Secretary-Treasurer, 630 Third Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

All of the work of this Association in the field of standardization

is carried on in cooperation with the United States of America

Standards Institute and Federal agencies. It is officially represented on numerous USASI sectional committees dealing with

safety codes for protection of head, eyes, respiratory organs, hearing, hands and body, and hazards from woodworking, metalworking and welding operations and machinery. In addition, the

Association is sponsor of the USASI Sectional Committee L18 for

Protective Occupational Clothing. Continuous cooperative re- search is maintained in the area of improved testing methods for

personal protective equipment standards.

INDUSTRIAL TRUCK ASSOCIATION, L. West Shea, Executive

Secretary-Treasurer, Gatewav Towers, Gateway Center, Pittsburgh,

Pennsylvania 15222

This Association, through its Engineering Committee, is developing a Manual of Recommended Practices in order to advance

safety and efficiency in the design, manufacture, and use of industrial trucks.

The Association also cooperates with the United States of America Standards Institute in working with the Sectional Committee

for Industrial Power Trucks, which is sponsored by the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers. This committee is engaged in

developing a uniform safety code for industrial power trucks.

INDUSTRY SERVICE BUREAUS, George P. Byrne, Jr., Secretary,

331 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

AIRCRAFT LOCKNUT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

This organization works closely with the military and civilian

branches of the Government in the development of aircraft locknut

specifications, standards, and methods of cataloging. The Associa122
tion also cooperates with the United States of America Standards

Institute and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

ELECTRIC FUSE MANUFACTURERS GUILD

This organization develops and submits to the appropriate Government offices suggestions for the improvement of Military and

Federal Specifications and Standards covering electric fuses. It also cooperates with the National Bureau of Standards in matters

relating to the performance and specifications of different types of

electric fuses. In addition, the Guild cooperates with the Underwriters' Laboratories concerning labels and materials from which

electric fuses are made.

SERVICE TOOLS INSTITUTE

The Institute represents the manufacturers of mechanics' hand

service tools and works closely with the General Services Administration and other Government departments in matters relating to hand service tools specifications, standards, and cataloging. It also cooperates with the United States of America Standards Insti- tute and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in the

development of standards for hand service tools. SOCKET SCREW PRODUCTS BUREAU

The bureau works closely with the civilian and military

branches of the Government in matters relating to socket screw and set screw cataloging, specifications, and standards. It also

cooperates with the Society of Automotive Engineers and the

United States of America Standards Institute in the development

of socket and set screw standards.

TAPPING SCREW SERVICE BUREAU

Through its Standards Committee, this organization cooperates

with the Society of Automotive Engineers and the United States of

America Standards Institute in the development of suggested

dimensional and size standards for tapping screws. The Bureau

also cooperates with the military and civilian branches of the

Government in the development of tapping screw specifications

and standards.

UNITED STATES CAP SCREW SERVICE BUREAU

This Bureau cooperates with the U. S. Customs Service in matters relating to the proper nomenclature and classification of

industry products for customs purposes. It also cooperates with

other Government agencies in the improvement of Military and

Federal Specifications and Standards for cap screws. Suggested

improvements in cap screw standards also are developed by the

Bureau's Standards Committee, which works in close cooperation

with the United States of America Standards Institute and the

Society of Automotive Engineers.

123
UNITED STATES MACHINE SCREW SERVICE BUREAU

The Standards Committee of this organization considers the

dimensional standards of the products of the industry and cooperates with the United States of America Standards Institute and

the Society of Automotive Engineers in the development of proposed additions to and changes in existing standards in industry

products. The Standards Committee also cooperates with Government agencies in matters relating to Military and Federal

Specifications and Standards.

UNITED STATES WOOD SCREW SERVICE BUREAU

The Standards Committee of this organization develops proposed

standards, dimensions and sizes of wood screws. It works in close

cooperation with the United States of America Standards Institute

and the Society of Automotive Engineers. The Standardization

Committee also cooperates with Government agencies in matters

pertaining to Military and Federal Specifications and Standards

for wood screws. INSTITUTE OF APPLIANCE MANUFACTURERS, Samuel

Dunckel, Managing Director, 2000 K Street, N.W., Suite 455, Washington, D. C. 20006

This Institute has carried on standardization activities in the

fields of oil heating and, to a lesser extent, in color coordination.

The Technical Committee of the Oil Division of the Institute

developed standards for flue-connected oil-burning space heaters

covering oil heater rating tests, methods for publication of ratings,

and a zone chart for selecting the proper size of heater for a given

space in the various geographical areas of the country. This work

has been coordinated by the National Bureau of Standards and a Commercial Standard published. The Institute has assisted in

other Commercial Standards having to do with oil furnaces and oil floor furnaces. All three of the standards, formerly known as CSlOl-43, CS104-49 and CS113-51, are currently in the process

of revision.

Work done in the standardization of colors took the form of

preparation of color cards. Up to this date, color standardization

in the appliance industry has not been highly successful but

efforts are continuing to standardize both color tones and color

descriptions.

INSTITUTE OF BOILER AND RADIATOR MANUFACTURERS,

Louis F. Kurtz, General Manager, 393 Seventh Avenue, New York,

N. Y. 10001

The Institute issues Codes for Testing and Rating Cast-iron and

Steel Boilers, Commercial Finned Tube Radiation, Baseboard

Radiation and Indirect Water Heaters. The Ratings developed

under these codes are generally accepted by government departments and the heating industry throughout the world.

The Institute maintains close contact with other organizations

124
such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Mechanical Contractors Association, National Association

of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors, American Gas Association, Electrical Heat Association and the Oil Heat Institute of

America.

Other activities of the Institute include continuation of a

research program in cooperation with the University of Illinois to determine facts with respect to hydronic heating installation and, more recently, in connection with compatible cooling systems.

The Institute publishes Calculation and Installation Guides for use by the heating and cooling industry, and conducts IBR Heating

and Cooling Schools designed to promote efficient and economical

installations.

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, D. G. Fink, General Manager, 345 East 47th Street, New

York, N. Y. 10017

This Institute was formed in January 1963, by the merger of the

American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) and the

Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE)

.

The standardization activities of the IEEE are carried on by its many Groups and Technical Committees for approval by the Standards Committee. The standards presently comprise 266 sections

covering various kinds of electric and electronic equipment. They

are chiefly devoted to abbreviations, symbols, defining of terms,

conditions, and limits which characterize behavior, and methods of

measurement with special reference to acceptance tests. Many of

them are recognized officially as USA Standards by the United

States of America Standards Institute.

The Institute is a Member Body of the United States of America

Standards Institute and is represented on its Board of Directors,

Standards Council, Acoustical Standards Board, Electrical Standards Board, Graphic Standards Board, Information Processing

Systems Standards Board, Mining Standards Board, and Nuclear

Standards Board.

The IEEE serves as sponsor or cosponsor for the following 21

USASI Sectional Committees: C5 on Code for Protection Against

Lightning; C16 on Radio and Electronic Equipment; C19 on Industrial Control Apparatus; C34 on Static Power Converting Equipment; C35 on Rotating Electric Machinery on Railway Locomotives and Rail Cars and Trolley, Gasoline-Electric and Oil-Electric

Coaches; C40 on Storage Batteries; C42 on Definitions of Electrical Terms ; C55 on Capacitors ; C62 on Lightning Arresters ; C68 on Sphere Gaps; C76 on Apparatus Bushings; C92 on Insulation

Coordination; C93 on Coupling Capacitors, Coupling Capacitor

Potential Devices, and Line Traps; C95 on Radio-Frequency

Radiation Hazards; C97 on Low-Voltage Fuses; M24 on Safety

Rules for Installing and Using Electric Equipment in Metal Mines;

N3 on Nuclear Instrumentation; N4 on Electric Apparatus and

Systems in the Nuclear Field; S4 on Sound Recording; Y32

on Graphic Symbols and Designations; and Z17 on Preferred

Numbers.

125
In addition, the IEEE has representation on 64 other USASI

Sectional Committees dealing with all phases of electrical and

electronics engineering.

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Henry F. Sander,

Executive Secretary, 940 East Northwest Highway, Mt. Prospect,

Illinois 60057

This Institute, founded in 1957, is devoted to the development

and promotion of standards, specifications, research, simulation techniques, testing techniques, and the development of design

criteria for equipment operation.

The Institute's Standards Committee considers and investigates

all matters relating to units and standards pertaining to, or applicable in, environmental engineering, coordinates the v^ork of the

technical committees with respect to the making and reviewing of

standards, and represents the Institute in its work with other

standardization bodies in matters relating to standards and units.

The committee also appoints representatives to serve on standardizing committees sponsored by the Institute, and on delegations

for standardizing purposes which work under the sponsorship of

other societies and technical organizations. As a representative of the Institute, the Standards Committee gives final approval to standards in the organization's name, reports all new

and revised standards, and seeks the guidance and approval of its department upon all policy questions, including that of undertaking

the preparation of standards in new fields. The Institute of Environmental Sciences has members on several

United States of America Standards Institute committees such as S2 Mechanical Shock and Vibration, and is sponsor of the Z84

committee which is responsible for compiling a glossary of environmental terms. In addition, the Institute cooperates with many

other national technical organizations in matters regarding environmental standards, testing and engineering. Members have

joined in cosponsoring meetings or group efforts with such organizations as the American Society for Testing and Materials, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Society

for Quality Control, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Department of Defense Shock and Vibration Information

Center, and the Army Materiel Command. Globally, the Institute

sponsors a representative to the International Electrotechnical

Commission concerned with international standardization of

environmental test methods.

INSTITUTE OF HIGH FIDELITY, Gertrude Nelson, Executive

Secretary, 516 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10036

This Institute is an industry organization whose Standards

Group formulates methods of measurement applicable to home

electronic entertainment devices such as amplifiers, FM and AM

tuners, etc. The intent of the standards has been to set up methods of measurement to include all the allowances that should be

made for the peculiarities of different units. Implicit in this

approach is freedom from a restrictive philosophy and preservation of a forward looking attitude of a progressive industry.

126
The IHF Standard Methods of Measurement for Audio

Amplifiers was published first in 1958 as Number IHFM A-200

and revised to IHF A-201 in 1966. It covers measurement methods of amplifiers, both small signal and power, for transient and

steady state, and the method of publishing these results. Block

diagrams and tutorial material are included to make the methods

explicit and complete. The standard pertains to single and

multi-channel amplifiers.

The IHFM Standard for Methods of Measurement for Tuners was published in 1958. It covers AM and FM tuner measurements

beginning with definition of terms, operating conditions, requirements and characteristics of testing apparatus, and test procedures. The committee is currently working on updating and

broadening this standard to cover multiplex measurements.

Upon completion of the tuner standard, the committee plans

to develop methods of measurements for tape equipment, loudspeakers, and phonograph pickups.

INSTITUTE OF PRINTED CIRCUITS, R. E. Pritchard, Executive

Secretary, 3525 West Peterson Road, Chicago, Illinois 60645

Members of this trade association include producers and users

of printed circuit boards. There is also a special provision

for membership for qualified technical representatives from

government agencies.

The IPC has published recommended dimensional tolerances for

commercial and military applications. In addition, a standard for

acceptability of printed circuit boards has been published, and

standards for flexible flat cables and flexible circuitry are being

developed.

Design and performance specifications for multilayered printed

wiring boards are available from this association.

INSTITUTE OF SCRAP IRON AND STEEL, William S. Story,

Executive Vice President, 1729 H Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

For many years, this Institute has endeavored to establish with

the cooperation of government and interested parties, specifications for the iron and steel scrap grades prepared by its member

companies and others in the industry to meet the needs of consu- mers. These specifications had their origin in trade practices and

consumer requirements dating back to the nation's first use of

scrap in the steel and foundry industries.

Formal codification of these specifications came in 1926 under

the direction of U. S. Department of Commerce Simplified Practice

Recommendation R58-26. Revisions have occurred in 1928, 1936,

1953, 1959, and 1961. The specifications cover basic open hearth

and blast furnace, electric furnace and foundry, cast iron and

special grades of iron and steel scrap, and give recognized classifications for each grade. Off-grade material and scrap containing

residual material are defined and the degree of cleanliness described. Provisions are made for deviations from the designated

classifications.

The current specifications for Iron and Steel Scrap, promulgated

127
by the Institute's Subcommittee on Specifications, were adopted by

the Board of Directors, who, in July 1961, directed that they be

printed as official standards of the Institute.

INSTITUTE OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERS, Stephen G. Petersen,

Executive Secretary, 1725 DeSales Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

The Institute's principal contribution to the development of

standards is through cooperative efforts with other groups such as the National Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices,

which prepared the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

In addition to cooperative endeavors toward standards in the

field of highway transportation and traffic safety, this Institute

has developed and published a number of technical reports which

have been approved as USA Standards by the United States of

America Standards Institute. These reports cover such subjects as Adjustable Face Traffic Control Head Standards; Pre-Timed,

Fixed Cycle, Traffic Signal Controllers; Traffic-Actuated Traffic

Signal Controllers and Detectors; A Model Performance Specification for Purchase of Pavement Marking Paint; and Adjustable

Face Pedestrian Signal Head Standard.

INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, J. S. Fassett, Executive

Vice President, 221 West 57th Street, New York, N. Y. 10019

The activities of this organization in the field of standards are designed to benefit the institutional consumers represented by its membership of associations serving hotels, motels, hospitals,

libraries, schools, colleges, YMCA's, etc. This Council was organized in 1961 as a nonprofit membership

association of institutional consumers of supplies and materials

with the purpose of aiding institutional consumers in making

informed and satisfactory buying decisions. Unique in concept

and objectives, the IRC conducts scientific laboratory tests of a wide variety of products, serves as a clearinghouse for dissemination of research findings of member groups, and sponsors research

projects of mutual interest to members. The Council is currently

sponsoring research by itself or in cooperation with various other

organizations which will lead to the development of performance

standards for wall coverings, carpet underlays, and mattresses.

The Council's 1965-66 Workbook of Test Methods and Standards covers eighteen cleaning and maintenance products and

standards for 100% wool, 100% acrylic, and 100% nylon carpets.

IRC's Certified Products Program puts these standards to use and also employs the L24 Standards of the United States of America Standards Institute for an annual listing of brand name items

grouped by use, which have been tested for compliance with these

standards. Each year more than 50,000 copies of the Certified

Products List are made available to member organizations, manufacturers and to the general public.

INSTRUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA, Herbert S. Kindler,

Director, 530 William Penn Place, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219

This Society is a nonprofit, technical, scientific, and educational

organization of individuals interested in the theory, design, manu128
facture, and use of instruments. Areas of technical activity

include measurement, data acquisition, processing, display, telemetry, and automatic control in both industrial and laboratory applications. Publications of information reports, recommended

practices, and standards have been an integral part of Society

operations since the organization was formed in 1946. Technical

progress in instrumentation is also presented at annual confer- ences and symposia and through ISA periodicals, proceedings, and

miscellaneous publications.

ISA maintains standards and practices committees in the broad

areas of measurement devices, control devices, symbology, and

safety. Examples of the work of these committees in each area

include documents on: thermocouples, flowmeters, transducers,

rotameters; face-to-face dimensions, manifold designs, pneumatic

circuits, annunciators, dynamic response testing; instrumentation

flow sheets and specification forms, panel tubing; mercury handling, instrument purging, and intrinsically safe circuits.

Through 1965, ISA has published 40 recommended publications

and standards. The Society also contributes to the United States

of America Standards Institute committees for orifice flanges,

pressure gages, instrument calibration, metrology, electrical measuring and reference instruments, automatic control terminology,

nuclear instruments, and computer components.

INSULATED POWER CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, G. M.

Haskell, Secretary, 283 Valley Road, Montclair, New Jersey 07042

The membership of the Association consists of engineers

from the technical staffs of the leading American and Canadian

manufacturers of wire and cable used for the transmission and

distribution of electrical energy.

Many of its members are also members of other technical organizations, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials. The

Association is itself a member of the United States of America

Standards Institute.

The activities of this Association are concerned with matters

relating to bare, covered, and insulated conductors including preparation of engineering recommendations and standards, and consultation and collaboration with other technical organizations and

agencies in the preparation and publication of engineering stan- dards and specifications for bare and insulated wire and cable.

Copies of these publications may be obtained from the Secretary.

INSULATION BOARD INSTITUTE, Charles M. Gray, Manager,

Robert A. LaCosse, Technical Director, 111 West Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois 60602

A group of manufacturers of structural insulating board ini- tiated a program for the establishment of Commercial Standard

CS42-35 covering specifications for two classes of insulating

board designated as ''insulating building board" and ''roof insulating board." This standard was published by the National Bureau

of Standards and adopted by this Institute. The current issue of

this standard is CS42-49, covering specifications for six classes of

129
''structural fiber insulating board." A committee of the Institute

is now preparing a new issue of this standard. In December 1963,

the U. S. Department of Commerce released the latest issue, ini- tiated by this Institute, of Simplified Practice Recommendation

R179-63 on Structural Insulating Board. This SPR was first issued in 1942 with interim revisions in 1946 and 1956 to keep in

line with trade practices.

The Institute cooperated in the development and revision of the

Federal Specification for fiberboard, the current issue of which is designated ''LLL-I-535, Insulation Board, Thermal and Insulation Block, Thermal." The Institute also cooperated with the

American Society for Testing and Materials in developing specifications and test methods for ''Structural Insulating Board Made

from Vegetable Fibers." In addition, it is officially represented on

various committees of the United States of America Standards

Institute concerned with standards relating to insulating board or

its uses. Research Programs of the Institute involve development of new

uses for insulation board products, development of application

specifications, study of the effect of moisture conditions in the

design of buildings using insulation board products, and development of fire test and building code data.

The Institute publishes "Fundamentals of Building Insulation,"

which is periodically revised to keep it up-to-date with progress

in the use of insulation. It also issues recommended product and

application specifications, technical bulletins and other general

literature regarding the use and application of insulation board

products.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE INSTITUTE, Charles G.

Spice, Executive Secretary, Room 1516, 201 North Wells Street, Chicago, Illinois 60606

This organization is composed of manufacturers of high-speed

(750 rpm and up) internal combustion engines, both gasoline and

diesel, air or liquid cooled, which are sold for automotive, agricultural, industrial, marine, oil field, and other heavy duty applications. Regular meetings are usually held in February, April, June,

October, and December, and are attended by the policymaking

executives of member companies. In addition, the following

standing committees meet to discuss problems peculiar to the

activities of each; viz., Engineering and Technical, Service and

Parts, Foreign Trade, Industrial Relations, Lubricating Oil, Purchasing, Marine Inspection, etc. Such committees meet as required based on specific problems in which they are individually

interested. The Institute adopted standards covering gasoline

engine testing and rating procedure, basic warrantees, etc. As occasion demands, the Institute cooperates with the Petroleum industry and similar groups or associations. It has issued a

booklet, ''Lubricating Oils for Industrial and Heavy Duty Automotive Engines,'' in which are listed the oil company brand names

which are guaranteed to meet the following specifications:

MIL-L-2104A, Supplement 1 (S-1), MIL-L-2104B and Series 3

(Caterpillar) MIL-L-45199A; such a publication was considered

130
to be a service to the oil companies, the engine companies, and the

customers of both who use such products.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS, L. E. LaFehr, Managing Director, 201 East Erie Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611

This Association, consisting of State, Federal, industrial, utility,

and insurance electrical inspectors, is one of the major contributors to preparation of the National Electrical Code. It is also one

of the major users of the Code, which is published by the National

Fire Protection Association and has achieved United States of

America Standards Institute status. The Code is the principal tool

of the electrical inspector in his work in the field. The Association

has representatives on all of the National Electrical Code-Making

Panels, and the Association's experience in the field thus finds a

voice in the Code-making processes.

lAEI is also a major participant in the preparation of other

NFPA Standards such as No. 75, Electronic Computer Systems;

No. 76, Essential Hospital Electrical Service; and No. 79, Metal

Working Machine Tools.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ELECTROTYPERS AND

STEREOTYPERS, Floyd C. Larson, Secretary-Treasurer, 758

Leader Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44114

Through its Standardization Committee, this organization has

prepared standards for printing plates. These standards cover

thicknesses and tolerances for unmounted and curved electrotypes,

bevel of edges of patent base plates, thickness of shell, and stan- dard formula for electrotype backing metal. This Association has

prepared and issued 'The Electrotype and Stereotype Handbook"

and ''Basic Requirements for Electrotypes."

Current standardization efforts are in stereotyping operations

and materials, and in rubber and plastic platemaking.

Standardization work is now under direction of the Research

and Development Committee.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARMENT MANUFACTURERS, Jules Goldstein, Executive Director, 347 Fifth Avenue,

New York, N. Y. 10016

This Association assisted in the establishment of Commercial

Standards relating to Boys' Blouses, Shirts, Waists, Pants, and

Boys' Outerwear. It has also cooperated in the preparation of

Federal Specifications relative to measurement for Men's Outerwear, Work Shirts, and Dungarees.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GOVERNMENTAL

LABOR OFFICIALS, George T. Brown, Secretary-Treasurer, c/o

Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. 20210

This Association is composed of heads of State and Provincial

departments dealing with labor law administration of the United

States and Canada.

The Association develops general labor standards through Com131
mittee action of its own members and safety standards in cooperation with the United States of America Standards Institute.

Standards developed by lAGLO Committees are designed to promote uniformity in labor legislation and administration procedures within the various States and Provinces.

Most safety standardization activities of the lAGLO are carried on in cooperation with the United States of America Standards

Institute through membership on 52 sectional committees. It also

maintains membership on the Safety Standards Board, the Construction Standards Board and the Nuclear Standards Board.

The Association is a joint sponsor for four safety codes—The

Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels ; Mechanical PowerTransmission Apparatus; Woodworking Machinery; and Laundry

Machinery and Operations.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ICE CREAM MANUFACTURERS, Robert H. North, Executive Vice President, 910 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

This Association has been involved in commodity standards for

the past 35 years. It has engaged in simplified practice work and

is currently planning to standardize the gallon container for ice cream cartons. Included in its membership are processors of ice cream, french

ice cream, ice milk, sherbets, ices, mellorine-type products and

novelties. The Association has approximately 450 active and 800

branch members located throughout the 50 states in the Union. It also represents manufacturers producing approximately 75 percent of the gallonage of ice cream and related products in Canada,

and has members all over the world.

INTERNATIONAL CITY MANAGERS' ASSOCIATION, Orin F. Nolting, Executive Director, 1313 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637

This Association in the early 1930's developed measurement

units for certain public works activities, and manuals describing

this system, together with a budgetary accounting system, which were published as a result of installations made in a number of

cities. In 1936 and 1937 the Association made a study of measure- ment techniques then being used in local governments, and in 1938

published a report entitled, "Measuring Municipal Activities," the

second edition of which was published in 1943. In 1958 the Asso

ciation issued, with the help of other national organizations of

municipal officials, a ''Checklist on How To Improve Municipal

Services." This pamphlet contains more than 600 questions which

indicate generally accepted standards of service or methods of administration for the guidance of municipal officials. In 1965, the

Association published "Program Development and Administration," which includes a technical supplement on program review

and evaluation in relation to standards of service.

INTERSOCIETY COLOR COUNCIL, Ralph M. Evans, Secretary,

c/o Photographic Technology Division, Eastman Kodak Company,

Rochester, N. Y. 14650

This Council grew out of a color conference sponsored by the

Revision Committee of the United States Pharmacopoeia in 1930.

132
Its membership consists of officially designated representatives of

30 national societies and associations interested in the description

and specification of color and of individuals interested in color. From its inception, the work of the Council in coordinating and

giving advice on problems submitted by its member bodies has

been accomplished through committee work. The aims and purposes of the Council are to stimulate and coordinate the work

being done by the various societies and other organizations leading

to the standardization, description, and specification of color, and

to promote the practical application of these results to the color

problems arising in science, art, and industry.

The Council has developed standard designations of color first for the description of drugs and chemicals, these designations

being used in the latest revisions of the National Formulary and

the United States Pharmacopoeia. They also are finding acceptance in many diverse fields, having been published in 1955 as Circular 553 of the National Bureau of Standards under the title, 'The ISCC-NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary

of Color Names." It has also developed a method of designating

theatrical gelatins. A movement by the Council for standard ter- minology has resulted in the compilation of a comparative list of

1,100 color terms used by its member bodies. Development of a

test for color aptitude has also been completed, the test being

made available through the Federation of Societies for Paint

Technology.

INVESTMENT CASTING INSTITUTE, R. E. Pritchard, Executive

Secretary, 3525 West Peterson Road, Chicago, Illinois 60645

Manufacturers in this association produce metal components by

the investment casting process.

The ICI has published recommended dimensional tolerances for

investment casting applications.

JEWELERS VIGILANCE COMMITTEE, Leo L. Kaplan, SecretaryTreasurer, 41 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

This is a national organization supported by the jewelry industry at large, specializing in marking, labelling, and other descriptive terminology and related trade practice problems. It has

engaged in standardization activities as a major part of its work

since its creation in 1913. Particular emphasis has been in the areas of the precious metals, especially in regard to their consumer

uses; precious and non-precious stones used in jewelry; and

watches. It was instrumental in the drafting and publication of

Commercial Standards for Marking Jewelry and Novelties of

Silver (1944); Marking of Articles made Wholly or in Part of

Platinum (1938) ; Marking Articles made of Karat Gold (1938);

Marking Articles made of Silver in Conjunction with Gold (1935);

and Marking of Gold Filled and Rolled Gold Plate Articles Other

Than Watch Cases (1934)

.

Standardization work of the Jewelers Vigilance Committee also

contributed significantly to Federal Trade Commission success in

developing trade practice rules for the jewelry industry (1957),

and for the metallic watch band industry (1962). Current stan- 133
dardization study involves possible revision of the Federal Trade

Commission's trade practice rules relating to watches, including

cases and movements, and critical reappraisal of provisions of the

National Stamping Act of 1906.

LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, Robert Lindley Ziegfeld, 292

Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

This organization has available recommended specifications for

lead roofing and flashing, sheet lead membranes for decorative

pools and planters, lead-asbestos anti-vibration pads, lead plumbing and other lead applications. In addition to its own work on

standardization and simplification, this Association has representatives who serve on committees of the United States of America

Standards Institute and American Society for Testing and Materials. It also cooperates with various agencies of the Federal

Government in the development of specifications covering lead

products.

LIBRARY BINDING INSTITUTE, Dudley A. Weiss, Executive

Director, 10 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109

Standards issued by the American Library Association, and

subsequently by the Library Binding Institute, have become the

basis for the vast amount of library rebinding of worn volumes, of

periodicals, and the prebinding of new volumes in bindings which

will withstand the rigors of normal library usage.

LINEN SUPPLY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, Samuel B. Shapiro,

Executive Director, 975 Arthur Godfrey Road, Miami Beach, Florida

33140

This Association is a voluntary organization of linen and towel

suppliers and associates. Companies that rent towels and toweling, table and bed linens, and washable service apparel to millions

of users are the primary members. Companies that sell products

and services to linen and towel suppliers are associate members.

Through LSAA, members combine their knowledge, experience

and power for the betterment of the industry. They develop programs and achieve objectives which could not be obtained by an

individual member or a smaller group of companies.

The objectives of the Association are to promote standardization

and simplification of products and to promote activities relating to purchasing practices and procedures, such as cooperative buying,

technical research, testing supplies and materials, and uniform

contracts purchase. Present work programs along these lines

include the following: (1) Specification of standard layouts, methods, and production for laundries; (2) preparation and issuance of

standard pressing procedures; (3) codification of standard delivery methods and procedures; (4) annual accumulation and issu- ance of operating cost data for the industry; (5) specification of

uniform accounts classifications and coding for accounting sys- tems; (6) issuance of standard procedures for compiling standard

134
costing systems; (7) development of minimum requirements for

textiles, including tensile strength, thread twist, weave and color

fastness; (8) development of blends of synthetic and cotton fibers;

(9) testing of press cover fabrics; (10) developing and improving

laundry wash formulas and washing chemical specifications; (11)

recommending minimum specifications for laundry equipment;

(12) establishment of standards for application of electronic data

processing systems, controls and methods; (13) issuance of stan- dards for equipment, thread, and methods for sewing rental garments during manufacturing; and (14) specification of standards

for grading soiled linens.

MAGNETIC MATERIALS PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION, Thomas

D. Dolan, Executive Secretary, 3525 Peterson Road, Chicago, Illinois 60645

Manufacturers in this Association compound and process basic

magnetic materials. The Association has produced Standard Specifications for Permanent Magnet Materials. This Standard,

MMPA No. 0100-64, has been accepted by the Military Departments of the Government in lieu of Federal Specification

QQ_M-60.

Engineering committees are conducting work on standard methods for magnetic testing, magnetization stabilization and measurements.

MALLEABLE FOUNDERS' SOCIETY, L. D. Ryan, Executive Vice

President, Union Commerce Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44115

This Society is concerned mainly with technical research and

advisory services, assisting its members to maintain standard

grades of products, and developing new applications and uses for

malleable castings. In carrying on this work, it has sponsored the

adoption of the present standard specifications for malleable cast- ings of the American Society for Testing and Materials, as well as those of other technical organizations.

The Society is represented on the ASTM Committee on Malleable Iron Castings. It cooperated with the National Bureau of

Standards in the establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendation R79 for malleable foundry refractories, and it assists in the

development of Federal and Military Specifications in its field. MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE

VALVE AND FITTINGS INDUSTRY, Robert V. Warrick, Executive Secretary, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Society, with its predecessor, the Committee of Manufacturers on Standardization of Pipe Fittings and Valves, has been in

continuous existence for over 50 years.

The method of carrying on standardization work by the Society

is by means of committees selected from the engineering departments of representative manufacturers that are directly engaged

in the manufacture of valves and fittings.

135
At present the Society has about 25 committees working on

subjects covering screwed and flanged fittings and valves (ferrous

and non-ferrous), marine valves and fittings, marking and terminology, material, screw threads, cast and malleable iron fittings,

unions and union fittings, water works, welding fittings, butterfly

valves, pipe hangers, plastic valves and fittings, quality standards,

etc.The Society has now in force approximately 25 standard practices which it has developed and adopted. These are for finishes

for contact faces of connecting-end flanges of ferrous valves and

fittings; spot-facing standard; standard marking system for

valves, fittings, flanges, and unions; 125-lb. bronze gate valves;

specification for stainless-steel castings for valves, flanges, and

pipe fittings; 150-lb. corrosion-resistant cast flanges, flanged

valves, and flanged fittings; stainless-steel butt-welding fittings; steel pipeline flanges; bypass and drain connection standard;

assembly of steel raised face flanges to cast iron, brass, bronze, or

stainless-steel flanges; limiting dimensions of raised face flanged

gaskets which meet requirements of USA-B16.5 for Class A Ratings; steel butt-welding fittings (26 in. and larger); 2,000-, 3,000-

and 6,000-lb. forged steel screwed fittings; forged steel plugs and

bushings; cast iron pipeline valves; quality standard for steel cast- ings for valves, flanges, and fittings; pipe hangers and supports,

connecting flange joint between tapping sleeves and tapping

valves; hydrostatic testing of steel valves; high strength wrought

welding fittings; wrought copper solder-joint drainage fittings;

high pressure flanges and threaded stubs for use with lens gaskets;

pressure temperature ratings for steel butt-welding end valves;

and butterfly valves.

In addition, the Society serves as joint sponsor with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Mechanical Contractors Association of America for the Sectional Committee on Pipe

Flanges and Fittings, which resulted in the approval of 28 stan- dards by the United States of America Standards Institute. It is also officially represented on 15 additional USASI Sectional Committees working on the following projects: scheme for the identification of piping systems; specifications for cast iron pipe and

fittings; National Plumbing Code; dimensional standardization of

plumbing equipment; standardization and unification of screw

threads; pipe thread; safety code for mechanical refrigeration;

bolt, nut, and rivet proportions ; code for pressure piping; stan- dardization of dimensions and materials of wrought iron and

wrought steel pipe and tubing; classification and designation of

surface qualities; standardization for drawings and drafting room

practice; and graphical symbols and abbreviations for use on

drawings. It is also represented on committees of the American

Society for Testing and Materials dealing with development of

specifications for: steel tubing and pipe; valves, fittings, piping,

and flanges for high temperature and subatmospheric temperatures; iron castings; iron chromium, iron chromium nickel, and

related alloys; copper base castings and ingots for remelting; plastic pipe and fittings; and nondestructive testing.

The Society maintains unofficial representation on committees of

the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Welding

136
Society, National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors,

National Fire Protection Association, American Petroleum Insti- tute and the American Water Works Association.

Through its various committees, the Society cooperates with a number of Federal agencies in formulating and revising numerous Government specifications on valves and fittings for both military

and civilian use. MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS' ASSOCIATION, M. F. Crass, Jr., Secretary-Treasurer, 1825 Connecticut Avenue, N. W., Washington,

D. C. 20009

This Association, founded in 1872, is one of the oldest and most

diversified chemical trade organizations in the United States. The

Plastic Materials Manufacturers' Association, Inc., was consolidated with MCA in 1950. The Association bylaws provide that

eligible members shall be manufacturers of chemicals who sell to others a substantial portion of the chemicals which they produce.

Early activities included the establishment of recommended

strengths of acids with tables of physical properties; recommended

specifications for laboratory apparatus, graduates, and thermometers; publication of a table of the elements with chemical and

physical data; and short historical sketches of the discovery of the

different elements. Assistance to the Congress of the United

States in tariff legislation affecting the chemical industry, development of transportation regulations in cooperation with the

Bureau of Explosives and Interstate Commerce Commission, and

other technical work related to chemicals, were not only part of

MCA's early activities but are continuing on a current basis.

The Association has a permanent staff of 62 persons. The wide

range of specific activities handled through the Association are administered by staff secretaries to committees which are made up

of industry specialists and experts who serve without compensation.

Safety. One of the most widely known activities of MCA is its program of chemical plant safety administered by the Safety and

Fire Protection Committee. For its work in this field, the Association has received awards from the American Society of Association Executives, and the National Safety Council, four times in

succession. Safety activities include an annual presentation to the

two member companies showing the greatest improvement in plant

safety over a 5-year period, and annual awards to individual

plants of member firms having worked a calendar year without an

industrial injury.

The committee sponsors an annual Chemical Industry Safety

Workshop for plant supervisors. A major contribution is the

publication of manuals known as Chemical Safety Data Sheets,

and Safety Guides, which set forth standards for handling, storing, shipping, waste disposal, and other matters pertaining to potentially hazardous substances. Data Sheets have been

published to date on 90 hazardous chemicals, and Safety Guides on

19 subjects. Both are distributed world-wide. A sound-and-color

film, ''Safety in the Chemical Laboratory," has been produced, and

a 234-page book, "Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory,"

137
published. The most recent project has been the publication on an

inter-committee basis of highway transportation emergency guides

known as MCA Chem-Cards, and of Information Cards for Water

Transportation covering barge shipments of certain hazardous

chemicals.

Transportation and Packaging. For over 60 years, through its Transportation & Distribution, Chemical Packaging, and Transportation Equipment Committees, the Association has carried on

research and development work which has contributed substantially to the present safe methods of shipping hazardous chemicals

throughout the world. The work includes the development of new

and specialized containers, equipment, handling methods, and

procedures for the safe transporting of the multiplicity of chemical products made by the industry. MCA periodically sponsors

technical symposia on the transportation and packaging of chemicals, both independently and in cooperation with other national

organizations. Publications in this field include Manuals of

Recommended Practice for the handling of chemicals in tank cars, tank trucks, portable tanks, drums, and other containers.

Precautionary Labeling. The Labels and Precautionary Information Committee was organized in 1944 to guide chemical shippers on adequate labeling and to give assistance to governmental

agencies, when requested, in drafting regulations and laws governing the uniform labeling of potentially hazardous materials. Manual 1^1, "A Guide to the Preparation of Warning Labels," is widely used by industry and regulatory agencies, and has served as a basis for drafting regulations.

Environmental Health. Forward planning to aid the chemical

industry in meeting its obligations in environmental aspects of

manufacturing, transporting, and using its products is the province of the Environmental Health Advisory Committee, with

which ten of the Association's other technical and functional

committees are affiliated. Fundamental guidelines are contained

in a policy statement 'The Chemical Industry and Environmental

Health" (1964). Environmental engineering, including related

legislation and regulations, is the concern of the Air Quality

Committee and the Water Resources Committee. ''A Rational

Approach to Air Pollution Legislation" was first published in 1952,

and revised in 1958. Technical activities include regional workshops, sponsored research, and publications such as the ''Air Pollution Abatement Manual" and "Water Pollution Abatement

Manual." The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Chemicals Committee

deals with technical and legislative matters related to chemicals in

foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In 1960 the committee published "How to Proceed Under the Food Additives Amendment."

Plastics. The Plastics Committee undertakes such matters as fundamental research, study of the flammable hazards of plastics

in appliances, investigation of the toxicity of combustion products

and burning plastics, feasibility of performance standards and

certification of plastics components used in building, and research on methods of predicting weatherability of plastics in building.

Metals. In 1958, MCA expanded its program to include the field of ferro-alloys, zirconium, tantalum, columbium, lithium, tita- 138
nium, and other special ''atomic age" metals whose production

involves the substantial application of chemical processes.

Through the Reactive Metals Advisory Committee and the Government Liaison Technical Committee, activities cover legislative,

technical, national stockpile problems and other matters of interest.Industrial Relations. The Association collaborated with the

Chamber of Commerce of the United States and other groups in

publishing ''Principles and Practices of College Recruiting." A

labor reporting service for MCA members is maintained.

Research. MCA sponsors and finances research of a fundamental nature in five institutions: (1) Washington University (St.

Louis) —Studies of the behavior of organic chemicals in aquatic

environment to learn how they are changed or decomposed by

biological action in natural waters or during sewage treatment;

(2) Texas A. & M. University—Basic research on properties of

chemical compounds; (3) Case Institute of Technology, and (4)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology—Projects involve fundamental engineering properties of plastics; (5) National Bureau of

Standards—Study of long-term weatherability of plastic products.

Other Committee Activities. These include Ammonium

Nitrate, Insurance, Legal Advisory, Research Advisory, Medical

Advisory, Mechancial Technical (voluntary standardization of

process equipment). Nuclear, Technical Committee on Rocket Propellant Safety, Patents, Tax Policy, International Trade, Education, Government Relations, Public Relations, (including a Chemical Industry Council's community relations program and a Women's Activity Program), and an Information Service which

includes a library.

Technical Publications. MCA publishes more than 300 different

pieces of technical and informational literature, as well as films

and filmstrips, pertinent to the chemical industry. Approximately 1,000 copies of each new technical publication are issued

free to State and Federal officials, health departments, technical

and medical school libraries, and others. A publications list is available on request.

MAPLE FLOORING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, L. M.

Clady, Secretarv-Manager, 35 East Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60601

One of the prime objects of this Association is to establish and

enforce uniform grades and standards of products; to constantly

improve methods of manufacture; and to make the Association

trademark a symbol of excellence in methods and materials.

Through its Grades Committee, this Association has established

grading rules for Northern Hard Maple, Beech, and Birch Flooring. For the protection of the specifier and consumer, the Association requires its members and encourages other hardwood flooring

manufacturers to properly and clearly grade mark and species

market their entire flooring product. The letters MFMA on

maple, beech, or birch flooring signify that the flooring is stan- dardized and guaranteed by the Association to be in accordance

with the current established grading rules. 139
This Association has also adopted specifications for heavy duty

and for gymnasium-type floor finishing products for Maple, Beech

and Birch floors. For this project, the Association employs the

services of a commercial testing laboratory. The specifications are

revised every three years for the purpose of improving performance characteristics of the heavy duty and gymnasium floor

finishes. Products which have met these specifications and have

been certified to the Association, will receive its written approval.

A list of MFMA endorsed and approved finishes is published at intervals during the 3-year period. The Association reserves the

right of withdrawal of its approval on substantial evidence of

depreciating the quality of the product.

MARBLE INSTITUTE OF AMERICA, John E. Shackelford, Managing Director, 848 Pennsylvania Building, Washington, D. C. 20004

The Institute is an organization composed of quarriers, importers, wholesalers, finishers and contractors of marble, formed to establish standards for marble and the quality of workmanship

related to its use. This Institute has accumulated a vast amount of information

from the domestic and foreign marble producing and finishing

centers of the world, and is in a position to give to architects,

engineers, builders, and others interested in marble, authentic

information regarding the available marbles of the world.

Through the United States of America Standards Institute, the

Institute has helped to produce the following USA Standards:

Standard Specifications for Interior Building Marble (A.94.1-

1962) ; Standard Specifications for Thin Exterior Marble Veneer

(A.94.2-1961) ; and Thin Exterior Marble in Curtain or Panel

Walls (A.94.3-1961).

MARKING DEVICE ASSOCIATION, Thomas H. Brinkmann, Executive Secretary, 1611 Chicago Avenue, Evanston, Illinois 60201

This Association prepares standards for various kinds of metal

marking tools and dies. Included are standards for size and depth

of marking characters, styles of symbol stamps, stock sizes for

steel letters and figures, and stock sizes for various stamp blanks.

Other standards in use by members of the organization include

those for bores and keyway sizes for roll dies, roller die blanks,

and type and type holders for interchangeable steel type.

The Association also develops standard terminology for all kinds

of marking devices, including metal marking tools and dies, rubber

stamps, seals, stencils, and marking inks.

MECHANICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Leon B. Kromer, Jr., Executive Vice President, 666 Third Avenue,

Suite 1464, New York, N. Y. 10017

Two committees of this Association are actively engaged in

standardization activities. The Committee on Standards has for

its objectives the standardization of materials and design for

140
installation of heating, piping, and air-conditioning work; also, the

cooperation with other bodies interested in standardization and

representation of the industry on standardization projects developed under the procedure of other organizations.

The Committee on Welding is engaged at the present time in the

standardization of welding procedures for pipe welding, both by

the use of electric arc and oxyacetylene.

Through its Committee on Standards, this Association has

developed standard rules for determining the amount of radiation

required to properly heat a given space. It has also compiled data

with reference to the proper types and sizes of boilers recom- mended for specific installations.

In the book on engineering standards developed by the committee, there are included rules for determining the amount of

radiation required to heat a given space properly; the net load rec- ommendations for low-pressure heating boilers; ratings for baseboard convectors and finned-tube radiation; testing and rating

codes for residential and commercial boiler-burner units; pipe sizes

for steam heating and hot water systems; radiant panel heating;

standard welding procedures; dimensions of valves, fittings, and

materials; and standards for air-conditioning installations.

A division of the National Association, the National Certified

Pipe Welding Bureau develops and tests standard procedure specifications for pipe welding which are the basis of a program for

testing pipefitter welders under these standard procedures.

The Association cooperated with the National Bureau of Standards in the establishment of Commercial Standards CS5-40 for

genuine wrought iron pipe nipples and CS7-29 for standard

weight malleable iron or steel screwed unions; also in the development of Simplified Practice Recommendation R90-36 relating to

sizes of hacksaw blades.

The Association is joint sponsor with the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers and the Manufacturers Standardization

Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry for the Sectional Committee on Pipe Flanges and Fittings functioning under the procedures of the United States of America Standards Institute. In

addition, it is represented on USASI sectional committees dealing

with the following subjects: code for pipe threading; code for

pressure piping; standardization of dimensions and materials of

wrought iron and wrought steel pipe and tubing; standards for

drawings and drafting room practice; approval and installation

requirements for gas-burning appliances; graphical symbols and

abbreviations for use on drawings; and scheme for identification

of piping systems.

MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION ASSOCIATION, T. D.

Dolan, Executive Secretary, 3525 West Peterson Road, Chicago, Illi- nois 60645

Manufacturers in the Association produce V-belt drives and

parts thereof. They also produce other power transmission machinery such as flat belt pulleys, couplings, collars, hangers, pillow

blocks, journal bearings, shafting, babbitted pillow blocks, and

steel conveyor pulleys.

141
The Association has produced Standard Specifications for Multiple V-Belt Drives, Narrow V-Belt Drives, Welded Steel Conveyor

Pulleys and Rigid Babbitted and Bronze Bearing Load Ratings.

Engineering liaison for the promulgation of voluntary standards

is maintained with USASI, ASME, RMA, API and ISO TC-41

(Pulleys and Belts in the development of international standards).

MELLON INSTITUTE, Charles B. Willingham, Head, Professional

Relations, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

This institution is an endowed, nonprofit, corporate body for

conducting comprehensive investigations on important problems in

the fundamental and applied natural sciences, for training

research workers, and for providing technical information adaptable to professional, public, and industrial advantage.

The Institute has carried out studies that have resulted in a monograph entitled, ''Government Purchasing and Competition"

(University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 1954),

articles on "The Role of Company Standards in Industrial Administration," and a book on ''National Standards in a Modern

Economy" (Harper and Brothers, New York, N. Y., 1956). Research specialists of Mellon Institute have also made a study on

industrial standardization in cooperation with the National Industrial Conference Board.

Representation is maintained by Mellon Institute on technical

society committees concerned with water, petroleum and its products, and glass. The Institute collaborates with all agencies that

wish its cooperation in the field of standards. In the past, many

additions have been made to the knowledge of consumer standards,

including textiles and household commodities.

Various research undertakings of the Institute have also been

active in the field of standardization. Much of this work has

involved the development of analytical methods, physical testing

procedures, and facts for use in the preparation of specifications.

The Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, which has its headquarters in Mellon Institute, operates collaboratively with

various national societies and governmental agencies, through its scientists and committees composed of specialists. The Air Pollution Control Association has its secretariat and editorial offices in

the Institute. APCA issues the Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, APCA News and APCA Abstracts. The publications of both IHF and APCA have enriched the knowledge of

testing and research procedures in the domain of urban smoke

control. The IHF, through "Industrial Hygiene Digest," transactions, and special bulletins and papers, has added much to the

literature of occupational health.

METAL BUILDING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Thomas

Associates, Inc., General Manager, 2130 Keith Building, Cleveland,

Ohio 44115

The standardization work of the Association is carried on by the

Technical Committee. The work of this committee consists of

preparation of recommendations concerning such projects as meth142
ods used in application of design loads, recommended minimum

thicknesses of steel to be used in manufacturing metal buildings in order to assure proper service, and other general recom- mendations for use by model code bodies in preparing or revising

these codes in order to have properly constructed metal buildings.

The Technical Committee of the Association works in conjunction with the American Iron and Steel Institute, model code bodies,

and other code committees in order to assure users of metal buildings that proper installations are made.

The Association has published ''Recommended Design Practices

Manual" (revised in 1963); ''Recommended Guide Specifications

for Pre-engineered Metal Buildings" (published in 1964); and

"Code of Standard Practices" (revised in 1964).

METAL CUTTING TOOL INSTITUTE, Perry L. Houser, Presi- dent, 405 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

One purpose of the Institute is to promote standardization of

sizes, dimensions and tolerances of rotary type, multiple point,

metal cutting tools, such as twist drills, reamers, taps, milling

cutters, and gear generating tools, and to simplify these in cooperation with the United States of America Standards Institute,

American Society of Mechanical Engineers and other national and

international bodies, with a view to eliminating waste and re- ducing costs. In this regard, the Institute actively participates in

technical and advisory committees of major national standardizing

bodies.

Results of such activity are reflected in widely promulgated

USA Standards on twist drills, reamers, taps, and milling cutters. These standards form the basis of Federal Specifications and

individual company standards, as well as reflecting current United

States industry practice in the formulation of ISO Standards.

The Institute publishes /'Metal Cutting Tool Handbook" and

such pamphlets as "Metal Cutting Tool Nomenclature," "Drilling

Today's Materials," "Drilled Holes for Tapping," "Tolerances for

Twist Drills and Reamers," "Milling Cutters and End Mills

Application and Sharpening," and "Standards and Dimensions for

Taps and Dies."

METAL LADDER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, R. L. Werner, Secretary, Box 580, Greenville, Pennsylvania 16125

One of the most important activities of this Association is to participate in the development and promulgation of safety stan- dards pertaining to the products manufactured by its members.

Specifically, the MLMA has developed, and will continue to develop,

revised versions of its safety standard entitled "Safety Code for

Portable Metal and Fiberglass Ladders."

In addition, members of the Association are actively engaged in

the work of the following United States of America Standards

Institute committees developing safety codes: (a) The A14 Committee which is working on revisions to USA A14.2-1956 Safety

Code for Portable Metal Ladders; (b) the USASI A92 Committee

143
working on USA A92.1 USA Standard Safety Code for Mobile

Scaffolds, Ladder Towers and Telescopic Work Platforms; and (c)

the AlO Committee which is working on revisions to the Construction Code and its various Subsections. This committee is developing a revision to USA A10.8 USA Standard Safety Code for

Building Construction Safety Requirements for Temporary

Scaffolding.

METAL LATH ASSOCIATION, Richard N. Parker, Managing

Director, Engineers Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44114

Membership in the Association is composed of manufacturers of

metal lath, expanded stucco mesh, and metal plastering accessories.

The U. S. Department of Commerce, aided by recommendations

of the Association, published Simplified Practice Recommendation

R3-60, Metal Lath (Expanded and Sheet) and Metal Plastering

Accessories, effective April 1961.

The Association supports the United States of America Standards Institute and has a membership in Sectional Committee A42

which has issued USA Specification A42.1-1964, USA Standard

Specifications for Gypsum Plastering, and A42.4-1955, USA Standard Specifications for Interior Lathing and Furring.

The Association also has membership in the American Society

for Testing and Materials, being represented on Committees E-5

and E-6, whose respective activities concern standard methods of

tests for fire resistance and strength tests of panels for building

construction.

The Association has issued its own recommended standard specifications for installation of metal lath and expanded stucco mesh

for use as a base gypsum plaster, and portland cement stucco,

respectively. One publication devoted to specifications only is entitled ''Specifications for Metal Lathing and Furring." Another

publication includes descriptive information on various types of

assemblies of metal lath and plaster and also contains many details

of construction. This latter publication is known as ''Metal Lath

Technical Bulletin Binder." "The Metal Lath News," a quarterly

publication, contains standard technical bulletins for the binder.

METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FEDERATION, Kempton H.

Roll, Executive Director, 201 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

Standardization is one of the major activities of the Federation

and the various trade associations operating within its structure

which is made up of the American Powder Metallurgy Institute,

Metal Powder Producers Association, Powder Metallurgy Parts

Manufacturers Association, Magnetic Powder Core Association,

In-Plant Powder Metallurgy Association and Powder Metallurgy

Equipment Association.

About 38 standards have been issued in the field of powder

metallurgy and magnetic cores. Basically they all deal with industry practices; i.e., methods of testing, preferred dimensions and

tolerances, terminology, etc. Copies may be obtained from the

office of the Federation.

144
MILK BOTTLE CRATE MANUFACTURERS COUNCIL, Thomas

Associates, Inc., Commissioners, 2130 Keith Building, Cleveland,

Ohio 44115

The standardization and simplification activities of this association are carried on by the Simplification and Standardization Committee. Its work has been confined to simplification matters

dealing with development of minimum pocket sizes and minimum

dimensions of the crate in order to insure proper interstacking of

milk bottle crates. This information is contained in Simplified

Practice Recommendation R236-54 (as amended March 6, 1958),

published by the Commodity Standards Division (now Product

Standards Section) of the U. S. Department of Commerce.

MILK INDUSTRY FOUNDATION, Robert H. North, Executive

Director, 910 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

The Foundation, cooperating with the U. S. Public Health Service and members of the Dairy Industry Committee, has for a number of years engaged in standards work on containers for dairy

products, pumps, pipelines and connections, and fluid milk processing equipment. This is a continuing project with new standards

being prepared each year and revisions made to existing standards

as circumstances require. The standards, when published, are. available in single copies from the Milk Industry Foundation, 910

Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006. Standards

are available in quantity from the International Association of

Milk and Food Sanitarians, Box 437, Shelbyville, Indiana.

MOBILE HOMES MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Edward L. Wilson, Managing Director, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illi- nois 60606

This is a trade association serving the mobile home and travel

trailer industries. An important part of the Association's activities has to do with the development of industry standards, and the

monitoring of the industry to assure compliance with its adopted

standards.

As a cosponsor, along with the Trailer Coach Association (West

Coast), the Association has to date developed two standards, each

embracing the installation of plumbing, heating, and electrical

systems in both mobile homes and travel trailers. Both standards were submitted to the United States of America Standards Institute, processed through their sectional committee procedure, and

ultimately adopted as USA Standards A119.1 and A119.2.

The Association is presently engaged in the development of

construction standards for the body, frame, chassis and running

gear for both mobile homes and travel trailers.

MONORAIL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, L. West Shea,

Secretary, 250 Gateway Towers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222

The standard specifications for Overhead Track Systems which were approved in 1938 were completely revised in 1955. These

specifications cover track, suspension fittings, manually operated

145
trolleys or carriers, switches, cranes and transfer bridges, specifications for wire-rope electric hoists, electric hoists and travel carriers, and wiring.

NARROW FABRICS INSTITUTE, Penn Affiliates Inc., Managers,

271 North Avenue, New Rochelle, N. Y. 10801

This Institute was organized in 1956 to promote, in every lawful

manner, the common interests of manufacturers, distributors and

consumers of woven nonelastic narrow fabrics.

Cooperation with pertinent agencies on Government narrow

fabrics specifications is one of the Institute's important functions.

And, in the same general area, the Institute has undertaken a program to promote commercial standardization and simplification

covering nomenclature, definitions, construction, dimensions, toler- ances, etc. Narrow fabrics enter into every form of productive enterprise

including agriculture, mining, building construction, manufacturing, and the retail trade. Because narrow fabrics products and

their end uses are so varied, a first objective has been to develop a common language to facilitate communication among the trade.

Accordingly, as complete a listing as possible of narrow fabrics

products by end-use applications is presented in a pamphlet

published by the Institute entitled 'Woven Nonelastic Narrow

Fabrics." This pamphlet also contains recommended standard

definitions of the narrow fabrics industry, and of woven nonelastic

tape and webbing. The latter definitions have been approved by

the American Society for Testing and Materials.

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES-NATIONAL RESEARCH

COUNCIL, Frederick Seitz, President, 2101 Constitution Avenue,

N.W., Washington, D. C. 20418

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit

organization dedicated to the furtherance of science and its use for

the general welfare, and required by its Congressional Charter of

1863 to act as an official adviser to the Federal Government,

upon request, in all matters of science and technology. Its members, now numbering about 700, are elected in recognition of their

distinguished and continuing achievements in original research.

The National Research Council was established by the Academy in

1916 to enable the broad community of U. S. scientists and engi- neers to associate their efforts with the limited membership of the

Academy in service to science and the nation. The members of the

Research Council, numbering about 260, are drawn from

academic, industrial, and government organizations throughout

the country. Representatives of more than 100 scientific and

technical societies, designated members of government scientific

agencies, and members-at-large receive their appointments from

the president of the Academy.

The overall organization has come to be known as the National

Academy of Sciences—National Research Council. Its primary

aim is to bring together the most competent scientists and engi- neers of the country in appropriate groups to deal with scientific

problems and to exchange information in furtherance of

research. The undertakings of the Academy-Research Council

146
vary widely in nature and in the duration and type of effort

required ; the patterns of organization are kept flexible to permit

each problem to be approached in a suitable manner. The Academy-Research Council does not maintain laboratories

of its own, but seeks to stimulate and support the work of

individual scientists and to coordinate investigations dealing with

broad problems in research, both nationally and internationally.

This is carried out through a wide variety of means, including conferences, technical committees, surveys, collection and collation

of scientific and technical data, the sponsorship of scientific

publications and research organizations, and the administration of

public and private funds for research projects and fellowships.

The Academy-Research Council provides unique means for organizing attacks on scientific problems which involve many specialized

fields and for obtaining disinterested and objective assessments of

problems for groups representing dissimilar or conflicting interests. The effectiveness of the Academy-Research Council is dependent on the personal participation of thousands of American

scientists who collaborate in these undertakings, giving generously

of their time and effort without financial compensation.

Since the activities of the Academy-Research Council are directed largely toward stimulating and facilitating scientific research,

rather than its conduct or direction, the program in the field of

standardization is necessarily quite limited. However, the Academy-Research Council has been called upon from time to time to undertake such assignments at the request of government and

other agencies. These activities normally fall within one of the

eight divisions of the Academy-Research Council—Behavioral Sci- ences, Biology and Agriculture, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Earth Sciences, Engineering and Industrial Research,

Mathematics, Medical Sciences, and Physical Sciences. These

divisions carry on their work through boards, institutes, committees, and panels, as well as ad hoc groups for special projects.

Interdisciplinary problems often give rise to interdivisional committees. Such standardization activities as are undertaken by

the Academy-Research Council are listed below, according to the

divisions which supervise their operation.

Behavioral Sciences. None at this writing.

Biology and Agriculture. The Institute of Laboratory Animal

Resources, which serves as a central agency for correlating

information on animal stocks used in biological, agricultural, and

medical research, assay, testing and teaching, has published a three-part guide entitled "Laboratory Animals," which covers shipment of small animals, sources of animals, equipment and feed,

and minimum standards for the shipment of laboratory primates.

The Institute maintains a Committee on Standards, with subcommittees on dog standards and rabbit standards. It also

issues a quarterly digest, "Information on Laboratory Animals for

Research." The Committee on Animal Nutrition of the Division's

Agricultural Board has prepared a series of ten reports dealing

with the nutrient requirements of various domestic animals.

Under the Food and Nutrition Board, a Food Chemical Codex is in

preparation, establishing standards of identity and purity for the

chemicals used as intentional additives in foods. The Board itself 147
has recently issued a revision of its ''Recommended Dietary Allowances," intended as a guide to the maintenance of complete healthful nutrition. Its Food Protection Committee considers standards

that affect food processing, production, and storage.

Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Through its Advisory

Center on Toxicology and Office of Critical Tables, the Division

advises on tolerances for industrial substances that might consti- tute a hazard for personnel, and recommends standards of quality

and form of presentation for the compilation of critical numerical

data on chemical compounds. The Committee on Symbols, Units,

and Terminology, operating jointly under this Division and the

Divisions of Engineering and Industrial Research and Physical

Sciences, coordinates for the United States national and

international interest in symbols, units, and terminology in all areas of the physical sciences. It also functions on behalf of the

United States of America Standards Institute as ''USA Committee

for International Standards Organization Technical Committee

12" in its interdisciplinary program on quantities, units, and symbols. Earth Sciences. A Committee on Seismology advises government agencies on the World-Wide Network of Standardized

Seismograph Stations. Under the Committee on Oceanography,

panels on Biological Methods, Chemical Methods, and other areas

of oceanic investigation are concerned with standards of data

collection and dissemination.

Engineering and Inditstrlal Research. There are many units in

the Division whose activities are closely related to establising stan- dards or codes; but it is the intent of the Division that actual

formulation of standards be avoided. Rather, units are expected

to help supply scientific and technical data on properties and performance to assist responsible standards writing groups.

Highivay Research Board. In its several road tests, "Maryland," "WASHO" and "AASHO," the Board has developed a wealth of basic data that are needed by those who formulate

standards for materials, foundations, construction, maintenance,

and traffic operation of the highways of the country. Similar

data leading to standardization are developed continuously in the

activities of standing committees of various departments of HRB.

Ship Hull Research Committee. This Committee's activities cover the fields of materials, design, fabrication, and inspection as

related to merchant ship hulls. Advisory Board on Military Persomiel Supplies. This Board

and its several committees provide scientific and technical advisory

services to the U. S. Army Natick Laboratories on matters of

military clothing, food, and shelter.

Building Research Advisory Board. BRAB advisory services are used by the Federal Housing Administrator in the establishment of the "Minimum Property Requirements" of FHA which are

the standards of building construction which determine the

insurability of housing construction by the Federal Government.

BRAB operates the Federal Construction Council, a voluntary

correlating group of some eight or ten Federal agencies with

major building construction responsibilities. The deliberations of

this Council lead also to certain standards or accepted practices in

148
materials, methods, and designs employed in a great volume of

Federal building activities.

Mathematics. None at this writing.

Medical Sciences. The Division is not regularly engaged in

standardization activities, but does undertake projects of this

nature from time to time at the request of Federal and quasigovernmental agencies. These commonly concern the evaluation

of drugs and other medical items proposed for inclusion in military or civil defense supply tables, and of devices and processes

significant to sanitation. Examples drawn from past and present

activities are the evaluation of plasma volume expanders and of

plastic transfusion equipment; the development and testing of a proposed cyanmethemoglobin standard for hemoglobinometry;

sponsorship of the handbook ''Coagulation of Blood; Methods of

Study," by Tocantins; review of standard first aid procedures for

the American National Red Cross; evaluation of the addiction

liability of new narcotics; recommendation of a scale for rating

hearing disability on the basis of audiometric measurements; and

the establishment of criteria or standards relating to machine

dishwashing, water and sewage treatment, air-conditioning, air

contamination, plastic piping for potable water systems, and other

sanitary engineering problems.

Physical Sciences. Several committees of the Division concern

themselves with standardization activities as part of their overall

program. Among these are the following: The Committee on

Symbols, Units, and Nomenclature cooperates with U. S. activities

and international scientific unions and commissions in coordinating the recommendations and views of major United States scientific and technical activities concerned with standardization of

symbols, units and nomenclature in the physical sciences; the

Committee on Line Spectra of the Elements surveys the field and

directs attention to significant problems for investigation, encour- ages group attack on related aspects of major problems, and compiles data on atomic spectrk. The Committee on Nuclear Science

has a number of subcommittees which form research conferences

and review articles, monographs and special reports, and make

available data and recommended standards, constants, and procedures for benefit of other scientific groups, government, and industry. These subcommittees are also concerned with measurements

and standards of radioactivity, neutron measurements and stan- dards, nuclear constants, and shipment of radioactive substances.

A number of technical panels, organized to conform with divisional

activities of the National Bureau of Standards, advise and assist

the Director of the Bureau in evaluation and planning.

The Academy-Research Council has published or has been

responsible for the publication of many individual reports or series

of reports dealing with some aspect of standardization. Among

these are ''International Critical Tables of Numerical Data ; Physics, Chemistry, and Technology" (7 volumes and index); "Data on

Chemicals for Ceramic Use"; "Tables of Chemical Kinetics,

Homogeneous Reactions" (with supplement); "Method of Coding

Chemicals for Correlation and Classification"; "A Glossary of

Terms in Nuclear Science and Technology"; "Principles and

Procedures for Evaluating the Safety of International Chemical

149
Additives in Foods"; ''Status Report on Standardization of

Radionuclides in the United States"; and ''Measurements and

Standards of Radioactivity."

NATIONAL-AMERICAN WHOLESALE LUMBER ASSOCIATION, J. J. Mulrooney, Executive Vice President, 180 Madison

Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016

One of the objects of this Association is to aid and more

efficiently distribute all lumber and forest products through

standardization of grades and sizes, and through the elimination of

unfair practices and trade abuses, in cooperation with proper

governmental agencies and officials. This Association's activities

in standardization are carried on in cooperation with the

American Lumber Standards Committee on which it maintains

official representation in the development of American Lumber

Standards. The Association endorses the principle of grademarking all lumber and will appoint special committees when

occasion requires, to consult and cooperate with grade-marking

committees of lumber manufacturers' associations for the

grade-marking of lumber of various species.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTURAL METAL

MANUFACTURERS, Wayne F. Koppes, Technical Director, 228

North LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601

This Association, founded in 1939, consists of manufacturers of

architectural, ornamental, and miscellaneous ferrous and nonfer- rous metals, including aluminum, brass, bronze, cast iron, nickel,

silver, steel and wrought iron. The Association has developed and

sponsors a number of standards, many of which are widely recognized and used in the building industry. Those published in the

NAAMM Metal Curtain Wall Manual include: (a) Standards for

Joint Sealants (1960) —Specifications for Non-Skinning Bulk

Compounds, Specifications for Non-Skinning Resilient Preformed

Compounds, Specifications for Non-Skinning Non-Resilient Preformed Compounds, Specifications for Narrow Joint Sealants; (b)

Standards for Glass Insulating Materials (1960) —Specifications

for Cellular Glass Insulation, Specifications for Flexible Fibrous

Glass Insulation, Specifications for Preformed Fibrous Glass

Insulation; and (c) Standards for Testing Walls and Windows

Specifications for Performance Testing of Metal Curtain Walls

(Revised 1962) (tests for structural performance at room

temperature, static pressure tests for air infiltration, static pres- sure tests for water infiltration, dynamic pressure tests for water

infiltration), Specifications for Load Testing of Metal Windows

(1960). Another NAAMM standard, published in the NAAMM

Finishes Manual, is Standard Designation System for Architectural Finishes on Copper Alloys (1964).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BEDDING MANUFACTURERS,

A. S. Roistacher, Executive Vice President and General Manager,

724 Ninth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20001

One of the important activities of this organization is the

promotion of Federal laws and Federal Trade Commission rules

and regulations relating to the production and sale of sanitary

150
and honestly labeled bedding products, with compulsory

requirements for labeling bedding products in regard to kind and

prior usage of filling materials.

Through an Industrial Committee, this Association has cooperated with the National Bureau of Standards in the establishment

of Simplified Practice Recommendations R2-62 for bedsteads,

springs, and mattresses; and R24-37 for hospital beds; in the

development of Commercial Standards CS54-35 for mattresses

for hospitals; and CS55-35 for mattresses for institutions, all of which have been published by the National Bureau of Standards. This committee is continuing its representation on the

standing committees of the above Simplified Practice Recommendations and Commercial Standards for future revisions of these

documents.

This Association is also collaborating with the United States of

America Standards Institute with reference to certain standards

relative to items or commodities entering into the manufacture of

mattresses.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BLUEPRINT AND DIAZOTYPE

COATERS, Preston B. Bergin, Executive Secretary, 1925 K Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

This Association was formed in November 1954 to further the

interests of the coaters of blueprint and diazotype ultraviolet light

sensitive materials, and the users of these materials. Its 32

member firms include 19 located in all parts of the United States

and represent more than 90 percent of the industry's production.

The activities of the Association are carried out through 14

standing committees and one of these, the Technical Practice and

Standardization Committee, concerns itself with an effort to simplify and standardize the industry's product lines. The Association sponsored, through the Commodity Standards

Division (now Product Standards Section), U. S. Department of

Commerce, Simplified Practice Recommendation R260-57, which

lists the sheet and roll sizes of blueprint and diazotype papers

which are the dominant production and stock items in the industry. This committee also developed "Glossary—an Explanation of

the Terms, Processes and Methods Employed in the Coating of

Blueprint and Diazotype Ultraviolet Light Sensitive Materials. . . It also is active in developing product specifications and

sensitometric procedures for measuring the light sensitivity of

these materials. These procedures are embodied in the NABDC

Sensitometer, an instrument developed by the Association through

its technical committee.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS, George W. Bartlett, Manager of Engineering, 1771 N Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.

20036

The NAB Recording and Reproducing Committees have

established standards for recording and reproducing in which

more than 100 of the Nation's authorities on the various phases of

recording participated. The current standards were approved

during the period 1964 and 1965 by the Association's Board of

Directors.

151
The Standards pertain to the recording and reproducing of Disc,

Cartridge Tape, and Reel-to-Reel Magnetic Tape, as well as methods of measurement. They include standard playback curves, response limits and criteria for establishing test records and tapes.

The tape reel-to-reel standards also contain mechanical dimensions for reel flanges and hubs. A glossary of terms is included.

These are professional standards promulgated primarily for the

Broadcasting Industry.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUILDING OWNERS AND MANAGERS, Thomas D. Laney, Executive Vice President, 134 South

LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603

This Association is essentially a service organization, and its membership represents a substantial part of the larger commercial

properties of the country. In connection with its other activities,

this organization devotes time and attention to matters relating to standardization. As long ago as 1915, the Association adopted a standard method of floor measurements for the office building

industry, and has developed standard methods of rating space. It has also prepared standard practices in accounting and a uniform

chart of accounts.

The Association makes studies of operating costs and rental

conditions, lease percentage rates, and kindred matters for the

purpose of developing standard types of information for the guid- ance of the industry. It publishes an annual Office Building

Experience Exchange Report dealing with economics, and con- ducts a Building Planning Service applicable to new construction.

It has cooperated with various sectional committees functioning

under the procedures of the United States of America Standards

Institute, acting as cosponsor of proposals for USA Standards on

floor measurement in buildings of different types, and being cur- rently represented on USASI sectional committees on Safety Code

for Elevators and Modular Coordination.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERS, R.

L. Ekstrand, Executive Secretary, 111 West Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois 60602

Simplification, standardization and specifications of chains form

an important part of the activities of this organization. In previous years the Committee on Simplified Specifications of the predecessor organization sponsored the movement for the reduction in

the number of sizes of chains appearing in the manufacturers'

catalogs. This resulted in the formulation of Simplified Practice

Recommendation RlOO-47, covering standard stock items of

Welded Chains and Simplified Practice Recommendation R245-51,

covering Weldless Chain and Chain Products, published by the

National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce.

Through its Committee on Tire Chain Specifications, the Association has prepared, and keeps constantly under revision, specifications for many types of tire chains relative to material, physical

dimensions, tolerances, and other requirements for the various

sizes and dimensions of pneumatic tires. The Association's Com152
mittees on Welded and Weldless Chain Specifications cooperate

with the Federal Government, as necessary and desirable, in revising the Federal Specification covering standard miscellaneous

chains and attachments, as well as with the American Society for

Testing and Materials on chain specifications.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS, T. J. Hull, Executive Secretary, 980 M & M Building, Houston, Texas

77002

Through its Technical Practices Committees, this Association is engaged in preparing standards to promote the use of the best

technical practices, to reduce the cost of corrosion prevention, and

to increase the safety of industrial, public, and private installations where corrosion damage could create hazards. NACE does

not issue standards that duplicate adequate existing standards of

other organizations. Applicable areas for issuance of NACE stan- dards include the following: Corrosion tests and methods of measurement, materials qualification tests, analytical procedures re- lating to the identification of materials in corrosion investigations,

corrosion prevention procedures, minimum requirements for application of materials, durability of serviceability tests, methods of

design to minimize corrosion, criteria of effectiveness of corrosion

control measures, methods of evaluation of test data, economic

analyses of materials and methods, definitions and terminology,

and reporting of firm data used to describe the parameters of use

of a material or a system to avoid or reduce corrosion.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FINISHERS OF TEXTILE FABRICS, Joseph E. Hoesl, Secretary, 350 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10001

This Association, which represents textile bleaching, dyeing and

printing plants principally engaged in finishing cotton fabrics,

limits its activity in this field to reviewing the various standards

for textiles that are proposed by the Federal Government, technical societies, trade associations or consumer groups. Its function

is to determine if the proposed standards are practical in actual

plant operation on an industry-wide basis. In this respect it has

participated in the development of standards for: fiammability of

textiles, water repellency, shrinkage, color fastness and the new

wash-and-wear finishes. It reviews proposed standard test methods and its chief concern is to determine if the test method is reproducible on an interlaboratory basis and is practical in dayto-day plant operations.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FOOD CHAINS, James E. Bell, Jr., Services Director, 1725 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

Standardization activities of this Association include work in

the following areas: (1) Standard invoices; (2) standardization of

pallets; (3) development of industry code numbers for products;

and (4) research on the shape and type of containers used to transport food products.

153
NAFC is working with supplier associations in the produce,

meat and dry groceries areas in encouraging the use of standard

invoice forms. The utilization of these forms is aimed at reducing

the processing time in handling supplier invoices.

As a trade association, NAFC played a vital part in the adoption

of the 48 in. by 40 in. four-way hardwood pallet as the standard

pallet for the food industry, and the suggested alternative size

which is 32 in. by 40 in. Increased unitization of shipments with

standard pallets has substantially reduced the cost of moving food

products for the manufacturer or the consumer. NAFC is also working with produce suppliers to make nonbulger pack produce containers available as standard containers.

These nonbulge pack containers are aimed at delivering produce

to the consumer with less damage than the bulge pack container.

Because of the difficulty in palletization of square cases, NAFC

is encouraging the adoption of case shapes more conclusive to

palletization. Standard item codes for all food products is also an

area of NAFC activity.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FOOD EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS, William W. Carpenter, Executive Secretary, 333 North

Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601

The Association is concerned with equipment standards and

practices in the field of commercial food preparation and service.

Standardization activities include research and educational programs in food-service layout, refrigeration, dishwashing and dishhandling. The Advisory and Emergency Feeding Committee

works in cooperation with government and civil defense agencies

concerned with mass feeding in times of emergency. It maintains

close liaison, for cooperative effort in standardization, with Food

Facilities Engineering Society, National Sanitation Foundation

and other industry groups.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FROZEN FOOD PACKERS, Lawrence S. Martin, Executive Vice President, 919 18th Street, N.W.,

Washington, D. C. 20006

This Association maintains a Container Simplification Committee which concerns itself with development of standards for frozen

food containers of fiber and metal for industrial as well as retail use. The committee serves as a clearinghouse for problems in this area, conducts surveys to determine industry requirements and

follows through as necessary to effect appropriate standards.

The Association has published, through the Commodity Standards Division (now Product Standards Section), U. S. Department of Commerce, a detailed Simplified Practice Recommendation

for retail packages of frozen foods. It is currently engaged in a

similar project for institutional size containers, and work is under

way on standardization of packages for prepared frozen foods and

of case sizes. In addition, the Association is actively engaged in

work to standardize shipping cases and pallet sizes. 154
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GLUE MANUFACTURERS,

Arnold J. Palmer, Secretary, 663 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022

Standardization and simplification activities of this Association

are carried on by the Technical Committee which is charged with

the duty of establishing standard grades and methods for testing

animal glue products manufactured by its members. The following publications are available from the Association: "Animal Glue

in Industry" and "Standard Methods for the Sampling and Testing

of Animal Glues."

This Association, through its Technical Committee, has

established a cooperative testing program in which its members

and certain outside laboratories are invited to participate. The

purpose of the testing program is to establish certain standards

which will result in more uniform testing. This is achieved by the

distribution of samples of animal glues to the member and non- member participating laboratories. The samples are subjected to a series of tests established by the Technical Committee and the

results forwarded to the Association's headquarters where they

are tabulated, identified by number only and sent to the Association's members as a specific report. Each participating member is informed of its identification number in the report and is therefore

in a position to compare the results. Through its members, the Association is represented on the

Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, Gummed

Industries Association, American Society for Testing and Materials, and Adhesives Manufacturers Association of America.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOSIERY MANUFACTURERS,

Reuben C. Ball, President, 901 Johnston Building, Charlotte, N. C. 28202; 468 Park Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10016

Several of the principal' activities of the Association deal with

matters relating to technical research and standardization, which

include the development of standards for hosiery and methods for

testing hosiery. Recent activities of this sort are: (1) Hosiery

Lengths and Sizes, Commercial Standard CS46-49, currently

under revision; (2) Minimum Standards of Measurement for

Stretch Socks and Anklets, CS234-61; the above documents provide standard methods of measuring and minimum measurements

for the hosiery, and were developed under the auspices of the Office

of Commodity Standards (now Product Standards Section),

National Bureau of Standards; (3) Standards of Inspection for

Nylon Stockings for Women, which contains charts and photographs showing various types of yarn and manufacturing defects

for use in inspecting and grading nylon stockings.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS

OF HIDES AND SKINS, Manfred M. Peisak, Executive Secretary,

120 Liberty Street, New York, N. Y. 10006

This Association was incorporated in New York in 1918 to cooperate with the Federal Government in matters affecting the

hide and skin trade, to promote the mutual interests of those

155
engaged in it, to develop cooperation with the tanning industry,

and to act in conjunction with other organizations on matters of

general trade interest.

Through its Standards Committee, the Association has established and published Standard Practices Governing the Export of

U.S.A. Packer Hides, which are periodically revised to reflect new

developments, usages and techniques in this field. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MOTOR BUS OWNERS, James D.

Mann, Secretary-Manager, 839 17th Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006

This Association, founded in 1926, works with representatives

of the Interstate Commerce Commission and other interested agencies on problems of motor carrier safety, including, but not re- stricted to, such matters as brakes, tires, lights, windows, and

emergency exits.

The Association actively participated in the development of

USA Standard D15 USA Standard Method of Recording and Measuring Motor Fleet and Passenger Accident Experience, and is represented on the corresponding Interpretations Committee. The

Association is also represented on USASI Sectional Committees

which deal with Standards Z26 Safety Glazing Materials and D7

Inspection Requirements for Motor Vehicles, as well as the

Highway Traffic Standards Board.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PLASTIC FABRICATORS, Arthur

J. Tuscany, Jr., Executive Director, Standard Building, Cleveland,

Ohio 44113

This Association, founded in 1956, is composed of suppliers of

materials and equipment, and producers of finished products of

decorative plastic laminate used for residential and commercial

uses. The Association has published Quality Specifications QS

1-1965 which detail the manufacturing requirements for counter

tops, work surfaces, wall paneling, partitions, and cabinet doors

made of decorative plastic laminate. NAPF is expanding its quality specifications to include other products in the industry.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PLUMBING-HEATING-COOLING CONTRACTORS, Lawrence P. Mutter, Executive Director,

1016 20th Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

This Association was founded in 1883 to advance sanitation,

encourage sanitary laws, and improve plumbing appliances and

plumbing work. The Association participates in United States of

America Standards Institute activities in the plumbing field, being

a sponsor of the committee developing a National Plumbing Code

(USA A40.8) and being heavily represented on Committee A112

which is studying plumbing materials standards. The Association

also has members working with the Product Standards Section of

the U. S. Department of Commerce, on material standards for

products used in plumbing, heating, and cooling.

156
The Association has, from time-to-time, sponsored research to study particular plumbing subjects to further the development of

soundly based standards. It is currently attempting to achieve

standardization in the nomenclature used in control wiring for

combustion equipment and central air conditioning equipment.

Various standardization activities of a specialized nature are

carried on, e.g., working with the American Gas Association on

relief valve standards, and with the Copper Development Association on copper pipe standard requirements for the Federal

Housing Administration.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PURCHASING AGENTS, G. W.

H. Ahl, Executive Vice President, 11 Park Place, New York, N. Y. 10007

This Association has affiliated with it more than 100 local purchasing associations in this country, and represents approximately

16,500 purchasing officials, both public and private. Representing

a body of corporate consumers, including purchasing agents of

industrial concerns, private and public utilities, and governmental

and institutional buyers, this Association takes an active part in standardization and simplification programs of value to its members.

Realizing the importance of standards, an N.A.P.A. committee

has been created, with 1 national chairman, 2 national vice chairmen, 9 district chairmen and 100 local association chairmen.

These men are constantly promoting programs on standardization in the local Association monthly meetings for the benefit of

members.

A few of the early efforts of this Association in standardization

have been in connection with the preparation of the standard coal

contract form in cooperation with the National Coal Association;

and the formulation of standard forms of contract for erected and

nonerected conveyor equipment in collaboration with the Conveyor

Equipment Manufacturers Association.

The Iron and Steel Committee of this Association developed a standard code for marking steel bars, which was adopted by both

the Federal Standard Stock Catalogue Board and the Navy

Department. This committee also assisted in the development of a standard sales agreement and trade customs for the gray-iron

foundry industry.

The Paper Shipping-Containers Buyers Group took an active

part in the formulation of specifications for solid fibre containers

and for corrugated containers, while the development of standard

listings of industrial cotton constructions was made by the Cotton

Fabrics Committee.

This Association's Electrical Contract Committee cooperated

with several national electrical organizations in the proposed

development of standard electrical contract forms for the purchase

of electrical machinery.

The Association participates in the activities of the American

Lumber Standards Committee in the establishment of American

Lumber Standards on grading rules for softwood lumber.

Through its own initiative, this Association undertook a sim157
plification program for the reduction of catalogue sizes. This re- sulted in the adoption of the national standard sizes for catalogues.

The Governmental Purchasers Group and the Institutional Buyers

Group participated in standardization and simplification programs,

either sponsored by or conducted under the auspices of technical

organizations or agencies of the Federal Government.

This Association initated simplification programs in cooperation

with the National Bureau of Standards which led to the formulation of several Simplified Practice Recommendations. Specifically,

there were established and published by the Bureau Simplified

Practice Recommendations R37-38 covering standard sizes of

commercial forms (invoice, purchase order, and inquiry) ; Recommendation R58-36 relating to classification of iron and steel scrap; and revision of Recommendation R166-37 with reference

to color code for marking steel bars.

The Association is a Member Body of the United States of

America Standards Institute. It also maintains representation on

technical committees of the American Society for Testing and

Materials.

The N.A.P.A. Professional Development Committee has sponsored an educational program which, although it does not come

strictly within the purview of standardization proper, does cover

subjects which are either directly or indirectly related to the broad

field of standardization and simplification. In an effort to advance

further sound principles of purchasing and to elevate the purchasing profession, this committee's professional development program

includes, among other things, the publication of a series of handbooks for the guidance and use of the entire membership of the

Association. The work of this committee has thus far resulted in

the publication of handbooks entitled ''Commodity Data Sheets,''

"Purchasing Policies and Procedures," ''Industrial Purchasing

Principles and Practices," and "Materials Handbook." It is cur- rently working on a "Guide to Purchasing."

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RELAY MANUFACTURERS,

James V. Roughan, Executive Director, P. O. Box 7765, Phoenix,

Arizona 85011

The purpose of this Association is to promote the standardization of terminology and test procedures in the manufacture and

use of relays. To implement this purpose, the Association has

standing committees which coordinate the activities of NARM

members with relay users and Governmental agencies in establishing specifications for relays. Specifications published to date

include Recommended Specifications for High Reliability Relays,

Reliability Guidelines for Relays, and NARM Relay Testing Procedures. NARM is also sponsoring the publication of a Relay

Handbook soon to be published. In April of each year NARM

cosponsors a National Relay Conference at Oklahoma State University. The purpose is to provide engineers and specialists con- cerned with relays the opportunity to present results of their

technical investigations to representatives of prominent relay

manufacturers and users and to those persons affiliated with

institutions of higher learning who are interested in this area. 158
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL DISTRIBUTORS, Thomas A. Fernley, Jr., Executive Secretary, 1900 Arch

Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

This organization of wholesale distributors has cooperated with

other units of industry in the establishment of Simplified Practice

Recommendations covering standard sizes and varieties of sheet

steel, terneplate, and eaves trough and conductor pipe, which were

published by the National Bureau of Standards. It initated the

movements which resulted in the formulation of Simplified Practice Recommendations for the projects enumerated above.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STATE PURCHASING OFFICIALS, Charles A. Byrley, Secretary, 1313 East 60th Street, Chicago,

Illinois 60637

For a number of years this Association has had a special standing committee which has dealt with the development of standards

and specifications in various commodity areas. For example, this

committee, officially known as the Committee on Standards, has

worked closely with the U. S. Department of Agriculture in developing uniform meat and meat product specifications for State use. Although this has perhaps been the committee's greatest effort, it has also developed specifications covering such items as coffee,

disinfectants (germicidal detergent and nondetergent), seafood,

fruits (dehydrated, low moisture), fruit powders (dehydrated),

fruits, juices, and vegetables.

The 'Tndex of State Specifications on Commodities," undertaken

by the Standards Committee of this Association, presents current

specification usages in all States that have reported to the committee. This Index serves as a guide to State purchasing officials who

wish to gauge the extent to which national accepted specifications

(e.g. Federal Supply Service, U.S.D.A., U.S.D.I., etc.) for selected

commodities are used successfully by a number of the States. Moreover, it identifies commodities for which individual States

have prepared and promulgated their own specifications. And as a most significant service to State purchasing officials, the Index

provides the necessary information to enhance an exchange of

specifications between States. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WIPING CLOTH MANUFACTURERS, E. D. Szold, Secretary, 173 West Madison Street, Chicago,

Illinois 60602

This Association was established in April 1932 and contains 111

members. This organization has adopted specifications for the

sale of wiping cloths which cover process of sterilization and

grading. In addition, it also has adopted an official label, the

presence of which on a bale or carton of industrial wipers represents a guarantee that the contents of the bale or carton conform

to the specifications. The wording of the label reads as follows:

'The wiping cloths contained in this bale or package have been

produced and packed according to specifications of the National

159
Association of Wiping Cloth Manufacturers." Each member of

the Association issues an affidavit certifying that he, as a manufacturer of the particular bale or package of wiping cloths, has complied with all rules and regulations of the State and city health

departments. The manufacturer also certifes that the wipers con- tained in a given shipment are correct in weight, and that he has

complied with all of the recommendations promulgated by the

National Association of Wiping Cloth Manufacturers.

Concerning enforcement of specifications, label, and affidavit,

the Association relies chiefly upon the integrity of its members,

each of whom pledges himself to comply with Association stan- dards in the sale of any bale or carton of wiping cloths carrying or accompanied by the Association label or affidavit. A Complaints

Committee investigates any alleged failure to conform. Violation

of the pledge is punishable by expulsion from the Association, with

attendant loss of the privilege of using the Association label and

affidavit. During recent years several committees of the Association have cooperated with technical committees of the Navy Department and General Services Administration in preparation of

specifications for purchase of wiping cloths for Federal agencies.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WOOL MANUFACTURERS,

Edwin Wilkinson, President, 386 Park Avenue South, New York,

N.Y. 10016

The Association adopted standard definitions for clean wool,

shrinkage, content and condition. It cooperated with the U. S. Department of Agriculture in establishing standards for wool

grades. In 1955, the Association, along with other groups,

opposed proposed revision of existing visual U. S. Department of

Agriculture standards for wool grades. In 1963, the Association

joined other associations in opposing a new and different revision

of existing visual U. S. Department of Agriculture standards for

wool grades but offered full cooperation in developing changes to remedy deficiencies. It participated in ad hoc committee studies

resulting, in 1964, in recommendations by the American Society

for Testing and Materials to the Department of Agriculture in

respect to the proposed revisions.

It cooperated with the Department of Agriculture in establishing standards for wool top grades. Through its Wool Top Committee, the Association supervised a project undertaken by the

Textile Foundation to settle the question of top standardization

and to develop some basic means for measuring fineness. As a

result of this work, the Association presented to the industry a schedule of fineness measurements for the qualities of 80's to 50's

inclusive, which were generally accepted by the trade. These

standards formed the basis for new wool-top standards which were promulgated by the Secretary of Agriculture in 1939.

The Association formulated, through its Committee on Olive Oil

Alternatives, specifications for mineral-oil-coconut-oil blend as an

alternative for olive oil, as set forth in the Annual Bulletin of the

Association for 1941, Pt. Ill, p. 495. To meet war-caused shortage

of coconut oil, it recommended specifications for substitute blend

of equal parts of mineral oil with lard or grease oil. In 1942, in response to a request from Wool Associates of the

160
New York Cotton Exchange, it made recommendations on stan- dards of tests or methods of procedure which would have the effect of broadening the type of lubricants which could be employed in

combing wool top for delivery to the Exchange.

It cooperated with the National Bureau of Standards in the

establishment and revision of Simplified Practice Recommendation

Rll-36 relating to bed blanket sizes; it also took active part in

preparation of Commercial Standard CS39-37 for wool and

part-wool blankets. In addition, the Association initiated a move- ment resulting in the establishment of Commercial Standard

CS65-38 for wool and part-wool fabrics.

The Association approved sales contract provisions for Worsted

Commission Combing, Top-making, Worsted Yarn, and Woolen

and Worsted Piece Goods.

Representation is maintained on Technical Committee D-13 of

the American Society for Testing and Materials, which has been

continuously engaged in developing standards and methods of test for textile materials.

NATIONAL AUDIO-VISUAL ASSOCIATION, James P. Thompson,

General Manager, 3150 Spring Street, Fairfax, Virginia 22030

This Association, founded in 1940, consists of dealers, manufacturers, producers, and suppliers of audio-visual products and materials such as movie projectors, film, and tape recorders.

When the filmstrip (or slide film), with or without accompanying sound, became an important media of communication, it was

imperative that the arrangement of the filmstrip be standardized

so that all confusion would be eliminated in the actual utilization of

the media. To this end, the Association prepared Standard Specifications for 35mm Single Frame Filmstrips, which are utilized

throughout industry and commerce. NAVA's Standards Committee seeks and coordinates the stan- dardization requirements of various consumer groups, which are then turned over to manufacturers. As a result of a survey among

dealers and some consumers, manufacturers have been urged to standardize on the selection of plugs and connectors, and to use

''captive" power cables to avoid loss and confusion. Projector

manufacturers have been urged to limit the number of lamp types

in new equipment, and 16mm projector manufacturers are cur- rently considering the sale of projectors to dealers without a lens,

leaving the customer free to select the specific type and focal length

required. Educational users have strongly recommended that

silent speed be eliminated to reduce cost and service problems.

The committee cooperates with the United States of America

Standards Institute and other groups interested in standardization

in its field. NATIONAL AUTOMATIC MERCHANDISING ASSOCIATION,

David E. Hartley, Public Health Counsel, 7 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603

This is the national trade association representing merchandise

vending machine manufacturers, product and parts suppliers and

vending operators.

In July 1957, the U. S. Public Health Service published the

161
Recommended Ordinance and Code ''The Vending of Foods and

Beverages," which was developed in cooperation with NAMA. In

1957, NAMA organized an Automatic Merchandising HealthIndustry Council to offer guidance to the industry's public health

programs, including those of machine standardization and

evaluation-approval. The Council includes industry, national

health organization representatives and members of the Armed

Forces and the Public Health Service.

NAMA has established research grants and consultant arrangements with public health schools at Michigan State and Indiana

Universities. Vending machine evaluations against the design and

construction requirements of the PHS Code and a Vending

Machine Evaluation Manual developed by the Health-Industry

Council are carried out at both universities.

Vending machines from NAMA member and nonmember manufacturers are examined and, if in compliance, awarded a Letter

of Compliance by the evaluating university agency. Checklists,

procedural forms, the Evaluation Manual and other administrative program details used by NAMA are those recommended by the

Health-Industry Council.

An independent standardization endeavor of NAMA concerns

safety standards for vending machines and machine operation.

NAMA's Safety Standards and Education Committee has developed a special standard for water heaters in hot beverage machines

which is entitled "NAMA Water Heater Safety Manual." Further

standards for the use of CO2 compressed gas cylinders in vending

machines are currently under development.

NAMA publishes annual Listings of all vending machines which

have been evaluated and certified under the Machine Evaluation

Program. Applicants may receive the Listing of Letters of Compliance and be placed on the future mailing list, both free of

charge.

NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER AND FIRE CONTROL

ASSOCIATION, Robert R. Coster, President, 277 Park Avenue,

New York, N. Y. 10017

The primary objective of this Association is the advancement of

the art of automatic control of fire through automatic sprinklers,

and the conservation of life and property from fire. This organization is a national trade association of automatic sprinkler manufacturers and installers. It was founded in 1914.

The Association cooperates with national technical bodies in the

preparation of standards and fire protection sections of building

codes and ordinances. It has 64 representatives on 54 important

National Fire Protection Association committees. These committees set standards for design, installation, inspection, and mainte- nance of automatic sprinklers. The Association cooperates in the

design, installation and maintenance of standpipes and hose sys- tems and of private underground systems supplying water for fire extinguishment, including the character and adequacy of water

supplies and the selection, installation, and maintenance of valves,

hydrants, monitor nozzles, hose and accessory equipments, as well as the supervision of valves controlling water supply for fire protection.

162
The Association concerns itself with the design and construction

of hose houses and fire department procedure in fighting fires in

buildings equipped with automatic sprinklers. In this respect, it publishes regular editions of a ''News Bulletin" and an internal

''Industry Bulletin." To further that end, the Association en- gages in a program of lectures to State fire schools and fire chiefs'

associations.

It cooperates with the National Board of Fire Underwriters,

Underwriters Laboratories, and Associated Factory Mutuals Laboratory relative to the formulation of standards, specifications and

regulations for fire apparatus and its use. The Association is officially represented on sectional committees

functioning under the procedure of the United States of America

Standards Institute engaged in the development and revision of the

following subjects: Code for Pressure Piping, Pipe Threads, and

Pipe Flanges and Fittings.

Its recently developed Fire Protection Section for Building

Codes and a Suggested Ordinance for the Protection of Nursing

Homes is gaining wider recognition by communities wishing to adopt safer legislation, particularly with regard to loss of life from fire. NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE THEFT BUREAU, G. P. Herndon, Jr., Chairman, 100 William Street, New York, N. Y. 10038

This Bureau has a membership of over 350 insurance companies,

both stock and nonstock in character, writing fire and theft insur- ance pertaining to the ownership, use and maintenance of motor

vehicles. Membership is open to all insurance companies in good

standing.

The Bureau was organized for the purpose of assembling and

disseminating nationwide reports on automobiles reported stolen

and insured by its members, and to assist law enforcement agencies in the identification and recovery of automobiles where ownership is in question.

This Bureau has been designated by the International Association of Chiefs of Police as its official clearinghouse on automobile

theft information.

The Bureau cooperated with the Governors' Commission on Uniform State Laws in drafting a Uniform Motor Vehicle Certificate

of Title and Antitheft Act which was approved and recommended

for enactment in all States. It is cooperating with all automobile

manufacturers in the adoption of a standard method of affixing,

stamping and recording identification numbers at a uniform

location on motor vehicles.

In addition to its automobile theft work, this Bureau also investigates suspicious automobile fires and distributes to law enforcement agencies a Manual for the Investigation of Automobile Fires.

NATIONAL BOARD OF BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL

INSPECTORS, E. O. Peterson, Executive Director, 1155 North High

Street, Columbus, Ohio 43201

The Board, founded in 1919, confines its membership to persons

charged with enforcement of the boiler and pressure vessel laws in

the various States, municipalities in the United States over 500,000

163
population, and the Canadian provinces. The Board operates in

the following areas of standardization: (a) Boiler and pressure

vessel law enforcement; (b) uniform boiler laws and rules

throughout the jurisdiction of its members; (c) uniform qualifications for boiler and pressure vessel inspectors, including identical examinations conducted simultaneously throughout the United

States and Canada; (d) uniform stamping of boilers and pressure

vessels that are inspected during construction by such boiler and

pressure vessel inspectors who hold valid National Board commissions; and (e) uniform relieving capacity ratings of safety valves

and pressure relief valves for boiler and unfired pressure vessel

service.

All States, municipalities and Canadian provinces that have

boiler and pressure vessel laws recognize the National Board

inspector's commission and National Board stamping on boilers

and pressure vessels as meeting their safety law requirements for

new construction. Transfer of such objects between States is implemented by National Board stamping. Relieving capacities of

safety valves and pressure relief valves as determined by the

National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors is used by

the various State, municipal and provincial jurisdictions to determine adequate volumetric relief of the pressurized medium in

event of runaway conditions.

NATIONAL BUILDERS' HARDWARE ASSOCIATION, William S. Haswell, Managing Director, 1290 Avenue of the Americas, New

York, N. Y. 10019

This Association serves the interest of 385 builders' hardware

distributors located in the United States and Canada. One of its active programs is the promotion of standardization of installation

characteristics.

USA Standard A115.1-1961 for mounting dimensions of door

locks and flush bolts, was sponsored by this group.

Literature published by the Association takes the form of handbooks listing selections of proper types and sizes of hardware for

typical usage situations.

The Association also works closely with Government agencies in

the preparation of Federal Specifications and preapproval of

samples.

NATIONAL CANNERS ASSOCIATION, Milan D. Smith, Executive

Vice President, 1133 20th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20036

This organization maintains a Committee on Simplification of

Containers which has cooperated with the National Bureau of

Standards in the establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendation R155-49 covering names and dimensions of cans for fruits

and vegetables. For the purpose of developing improvements in

the metals, materials, and products used in the canning industry,

this Association maintains research laboratories in Berkeley,

California; Seattle, Washington; and Washington, D. C. NATIONAL CARGO BUREAU, Jerome P. Scully, Secretary, 99 John

Street, New York, N. Y. 10038

This Bureau is dedicated to the safe stowage, securing, and

164
unloading of cargo on all vessels, and the safety of shipboard cargo

handling gear aboard vessels through the uniform application of a set of standards designed to protect cargo, vessel, personnel, and

the public interest.

The roots of National Cargo Bureau go back over a century to the earliest days of the American merchant marine. Its growth in

functions and services parallels the expansion of the role of the

United States in the world's commerce on the seas. The Bureau is a nonprofit, membership organization. Its membership is comprised mainly of persons who are prominently

identified with steamship management or marine insurance underwriting organizations. The membership of the Board of Directors

includes many of the leaders of the marine insurance and steamship companies, the Commandant of the U. S. Coast Guard and the

Maritime Administrator.

To accomplish its purposes the National Cargo Bureau does the

following: (1) After studies in cooperation with industry, shippers

and Government agencies, prepares for U. S. Coast Guard

approval recommendations and regulations on safe stowage of

goods aboard ship; (2) participates with the United States Government in international efforts to achieve uniformity of safety

standards and stowage regulations and to remove obstacles

resulting from lack of uniformity; (3) serves as a central source of

information on the thousands of commodities shipped by water;

(4) makes available a low-cost cargo inspection service at the point

of actual loading in all United States ports; (5) performs unusual

cargo inspection and many and varied special surveys, such as deadweight surveys, heavy lifts, locomotives, etc.; and (6) offers

its services as an agency for inspection and certification of

shipboard cargo gear.

NATIONAL COMMISSION ON SAFETY EDUCATION,

NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, Norman Key, Executive Secretary, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

Since 1945, the Commission has administered and published the

report of six national conferences whose broad purpose was to update and strengthen the nationally recommended minimum stan- dards for school bus chassis and bodies. The conferences have

been cosponsored by the Commission, Council of Chief State

School Officers, American Association of School Administrators,

NEA Department of Rural Education, and the U. S. Office of

Education. The central objectives of these conferences have been:

(a) safety—all those factors relating to school bus construction

which may directly or indirectly affect the safety and welfare of

pupils transported; and (b) economy—the construction, procurement, operation, and maintenance of school buses of the lowest

cost consistent with the safety and welfare of pupils.

Participants in these conferences are officials of State and local school systems and other State agencies responsible for the safety

of school buses on the highway; engineers representing the manufacturers of school bus chassis, bodies, vehicle components and

equipment items; and representatives of interested national

organizations and governmental agencies.

165
Several States have adopted the nationally recommended minimum standards for school buses, and more than 40 States report

that their state standards for school buses are of the same general

pattern and extent. NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC LAWS AND

ORDINANCES, Robert Montgomery, Jr., 1319 18th Street, N.W.,

Washington, D. C. 20036

This Committee has developed and published the Uniform Vehicle Code and the Model Traffic Ordinance, which are continually

reviewed and periodically revised and republished. The Code is the recognized national standard for State legislation relating to motor vehicles and highway traffic. The Ordinance is recom- mended as the basis for legislation in this field by cities and

counties. Both have been widely used as patterns or guides

throughout the United States, as well as in Canada and other

countries.

The Uniform Vehicle Code was first produced in 1926 by a committee of the National Conference on Street and Highway

Safety in cooperation with the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. It reflected the need, which even

then was clearly apparent, for uniformity in rules of the road and

other laws regulating motor vehicles and their use. The Code committee was reorganized and expanded in 1947

under the framework of the President's Highway Safety Conference. It consists of about 100 members, including highway, motor

vehicle, and police officials; legislators, judges, prosecutors, educators; representatives of the automotive, transportation, and insur- ance industries; motor clubs, safety councils, and women's civic,

legal engineering, business, and labor organizations. It is supported by public agencies and private groups interested in more

uniform and effective motor vehicle and traffic laws.

NATIONAL COTTON COMPRESS AND COTTON WAREHOUSE

ASSOCIATION, John H. Todd, Executive Vice President and General Counsel, 1085 Shrine Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38101

This Association, founded in 1937, has Special Committees on

Bale Preparation, Insurance and Standards, and Research and

Engineering. For a number of years, the Research and Engineering Committee worked closely with U. S. manufacturers of cotton

bale ties and buckles, with a view to improving their quality,

strength and reliability. The resulting standards, which have been

widely used by manufacturers since 1956, cover width of ties,

thickness of ties, minimum elongation of ties under stress, flatness

of ties, weight and minimum tensile breaking strength of both ties and buckles.

NATIONAL COTTONSEED PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION, John F. Moloney, Secretary-Treasurer, 2400 Poplar Avenue, P. O. Box 12023,

Memphis, Tennessee 38112

This Association maintains for members, trading rules which

contain standards of quality, weight and measurement of all cot- tonseed products, and general terms and conditions applicable to 166
buyers and sellers who are Association members. In addition to defining product grade and quality, the Association's rules provide

for adjustments, packaging, performance of contracts, weighing,

sampling and inspection service, chemical analysis and arbitration

of differences.

The Association has a chemists' committee, composed of qualified oil chemists, which must approve methods of chemical analysis

before they are incorporated into the trading rules. A committee on seed grading cooperates with the U. S. Department of

Agriculture in providing methods for the evaluations of cottonseed. The research committee regularly reviews research on cot- tonseed and cottonseed products and recommends lines of work for

support by the Association; a research fellowship is maintained at the New Orleans Laboratory of the Agriculture Research Service

and grants are made to several universities and other research

agencies. The Association works with the Association of American Feed Control Officials to standardize regulations governing the

labeling and marketing of cottonseed cake and meal.

NATIONAL COUNCIL ON RADIATION PROTECTION AND

MEASUREMENTS, Lauriston S. Taylor, President, 4000 Brandywine Street, N.W., Suite 604, Washington, D. C. 20016

The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements established in 1929, is a private, nonprofit, nongovernment

organization operating under a Federal Charter granted in 1964.

Its primary efforts are in the field of ionizing radiation protection

philosophy and standards, and in the broad area of measurements

of ionizing radiation for medical and industrial purposes. It has

been largely responsible for the development of all basic radiation

protection standards used in the U. S. since 1930.

It currently has twenty-one (21) scientific committees as fol- lows: Basic Radiation Protection Criteria; Permissible Internal

Dose; X-Rays Up to Three Million Volts; Heavy Particles (Neutrons, Protons, and Heavier); Electrons, Gamma Rays and X-Rays

Above Two Million Volts ; Safe Handling of Radioactive Materials;

Monitoring Methods and Instruments; Waste Disposal and Decontamination ; Protection Against Radiations from Ra, Co^°, and Cs^^^ Encapsulated Sources; Regulation of Radiation Exposure Dose;

Incineration of Radioactive Waste; Electron Protection; Safe Handling of Bodies Containing Radioactive Isotopes; Permissible

Exposure Doses Under Emergency Conditions; Radiation Protection in Teaching Institutions; X-Ray Protection in Dental Offices;

Veterinary X-Ray Protection; Standards and Measurement of

Radioactivity for Radiological Use; Standards and Measurement

of Radiological Exposure Dose; Standards and Measurement of

Absorbed Radiation Dose; Relative Biological Effectiveness.

Thirty reports have been issued by various of the committees

listed above; eight are in process.

NATIONAL CRUSHED STONE ASSOCIATION, J. E. Gray, Engineering Director, 1415 Elliot Place, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20007

This Association cooperates with national technical organizations in standardizing specifications, methods of test, and recom167
mended practices involving the use of crushed stone. It is represented on technical committees of the American Society for

Testing and Materials dealing with concrete and concrete aggregates, road and paving materials, and mortars for unit masonry.

Also, the Association actively participates in the technical committee work primarily concerned with the development of recommended practices of the American Concrete Institute, the American

Railway Engineering Association, and the Highway Research

Board of the National Research Council.

Through a joint committee composed of representatives of the

National Sand and Gravel Association, the National Slag Association, and this Association, a simplification program was initiated

under the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards which

resulted in the establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendations R147-33 on wire diameters for mineral aggregate production screens and R163-48 on coarse aggregate (crushed stone,

gravel, and slag) sizes. In continuation of the cooperative effort

of the three mineral aggregates associations, a Joint Technical

Committee of representatives of these associations has been

formed for the purpose of coordinating and combining the

technical work on problems of mutual interest.

NATIONAL DISTRICT HEATING ASSOCIATION, Roberta S. Hauser, Secretary-Treasurer, 710 Highland Building, Pittsburgh,

Pennsylvania 15206

This Association is engaged in furnishing technical information

to its members to improve the methods of generating, distributing,

and utilizing steam in district heating. It has organized a dozen

committees dealing with air conditioning, commercial relations,

distribution, education, metering, rates and regulations, research,

sales development, statistics, steam station and university heating

and utilities. These committees cooperate with similar committees

of other organizations, notably the National Association of Building Owners and Managers, the American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the United States of America Standards Institute.

Several years ago this Association published a handbook which

provides an authoritative and complete manual of practice for the use of those actively engaged in district heating work.

The Association is officially represented on the United States of

America Standards Institute's code for pressure piping.

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

Joseph F. Miller, Managing Director; L. D. Price, Manager, Engineering and Safety Regulations Department, 155 East 44th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

This is a trade association of manufacturers of almost every

kind of equipment and apparatus used for the generation, trans- mission, distribution and utilization of electric power. The membership of NEMA comprises over 500 of the major electrical

manufacturing companies in the country. The membership is 168
limited by its constitution to corporations, firms and individuals

actively engaged in the manufacture for sale in the open market of

products included within the product scope of one or more of the 80

NEMA product subdivisions. It may therefore be considered an

aggregation of product Sections, each representing a group of

manufacturers of certain classes of products, such as motors and

generators, steam and hydraulic turbines, transformers, wire and

cable, switchgear, industrial control, ranges, water heaters and

household appliances. Sections with related interests are organized into 8 Divisions.

NEMA has published over 200 separate standards publications

for electrical apparatus and equipment in the following classifi- cations: appliances, illuminating equipment, signalling and communication equipment, industrial apparatus, building equipment

and supplies, insulating materials, insulated wire and cable,

generation, transmission and distribution equipment.

A considerable amount of NEMA standardization activity is in

cooperation with other organizations engaged in standardization.

Standards of interest to NEMA are developed in cooperation

with other industries or other branches of the electrical industry,

through such agencies as the American Society for Testing and

Materials, Edison Electric Institute, National Fire Protection

Association, Underwriters' Laboratories, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and other associations, laboratories or governmental bodies.

Many electrical products standards originating within NEMA

or initiated by other organizations are of such national significance as to make desirable their adoption as USA Standards under the

procedure established by the United States of America Standards

Institute, which provides participation by and consideration of the

views of all interested groups. NEMA supports USASI through

participation in its standardizing activities. It has representation on many Sectional Committees and sponsors several of them.

In addition, it is represented on several USASI Standards Boards

and the Standards Council.

NEMA participates in the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) —the international body for the development and

approval of recommendations for electrical standards—by means

of representation on the U. S. National Committee of the lEC, by

its representatives on the USASI Sectional Committees which act

as advisory groups to the U. S. National Committee on the technical provisions of lEC proposals, and by the presence of its representatives at meetings of lEC Technical Committees. Through the

U. S. National Committee on Participation in CEE, NEMA provides an observer to the International Commission on Rules for the

Approval of Electrical Equipment (CEE), a European safety

organization.

In addition to products standards, NEMA is vitally concerned

with and participates in the development of safety standards

affecting electrical equipment. There are two principal codes dealing with electrical safety: the National Electrical Code (USA

Standard CI) developed by the National Fire Protection Association and dealing with installations in and around buildings, and

the National Electrical Safety Code (USA Standard C2) spon169
sored by the National Bureau of Standards and dealing with

power houses, substations, overhead and underground lines. NEMA cooperates with other branches of the industry in an

effort to secure acceptance throughout the country of nationally

recognized standards for safe construction and installation. Its members also cooperate in an advisory capacity with the Underwriters' Laboratories in the development of standards for

electrical safety.

NEMA, upon invitation, furnishes the military and other governmental standardizing bodies information and recommendations

for use in the preparation of their initial drafts or revisions of

various Federal and Military Specifications affecting products

within its scope.

NATIONAL ELEVATOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY, Emile

Keltner, Secretary, 101 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

Two committees of this organization are concerned with the development of standards, specifications and codes. The Standards

Committee has developed initial engineering standards for the

industry. Its work has resulted in the formulation of Standard

Layouts which give car sizes and hatchway dimensions for various

types of elevators; Standard Specifications covering complete

installation of passenger and freight elevators with various types

of operation and control; and Standard Forms which provide outlines of suggested forms of contract covering various phases of

elevator work.

The Central Code Committee is concerned with the development,

interpretation, revision and adoption of all safety codes for elevators, dumbwaiters and escalators. This Committee, working

through regional subcommittees throughout the country, has taken an active part in securing the adoption of new State and City

Elevator Codes, the revision of existing codes, and securing uniform interpretations of codes conforming to the United States of

America Standards Institute A17.1 USA Standard Safety Code for

Elevators. Working in conjunction with the ASA (now USASI)

A17 Sectional Committee, NEMI assisted in the development and

subsequent revision of ASA A17.1 American Standard Safety

Code for Elevators, Dumbwaiters and Escalators and its publication by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1925 as an American Standard, and of the ASA A17.2 American Standard

Practice for the Inspection of Elevators first approved by ASA

and published by ASME in 1945.

The latest revision of the A17.1 Code was approved by ASA and

published by ASME in 1960, together with a supplement listing a number of revisions approved and published in 1963.

NATIONAL FIBRE CAN AND TUBE ASSOCIATION, William E. Hughes, Managing Director, 1725 Eye Street, N.W., Washington,

D. C. 20006

This Association develops standard testing procedures for the

purpose of providing manufacturers and users with uniform methods to measure and test the physical characteristics of fibre cans. 170
tubes and cores. There are presently 14 NFCTA standard testing

procedures covering measurement of wall thicknesses, inside diameters, outside diameters, lengths and heights, moisture content,

loose metal end dimensions, and end seam dimensions; axial

(end-to-end) compression; side-to-side crush; end blow-off pressure; internal bursting; end-supported beam strength; torque

strength; and dimensional stability.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION, Percy Bugbee,

General Manager; George H. Tryon, Technical Secretary, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110

This Association is a nonprofit, technical and educational organization to promote the science and improve the methods of fire protection. Its membership includes 200 national and regional

organizations, and approximately 21,000 individuals, firms, and

corporations.

One of the main functions of NFPA is in the standards making

field under which codes, standards, and recommended practices are developed as guides to engineered protection for reducing loss of

life and property by fire. The other principal function is to educate the public in fire prevention to reduce man-caused fires. The standards activity is handled by 122 committees and sec- tional committees whose membership comprises approximately

1,400 individuals representing qualified international, national,

and regional organizations, NFPA sections or technical committees, and individuals especially qualified to serve on the basis of

their personal knowledge of the subjects. In addition, committees

may have liaison or advisory members, and corresponding members, the latter group being composed chiefly of individuals who

live outside the North American continent who are in a position to

assist in the committee work only through correspondence.

Fire safety has broad applications and the standards formulated

and adopted by the Association cover a wide range of subjects.

The standards are combined and published yearly as National Fire

Codes, the volumes of which are identified as follows: Volume 1, Flammable Liquids; Volume 2, Gases; Volume 3, Combustible

Solids, Dusts and Explosives; Volume 4, Building Construction

and Facilities; Volume 5, Electrical (including the National

Electrical Code); Volume 6, Sprinklers, Fire Pumps and Water

Tanks; Volume 7, Alarms and Special Extinguishing Systems;

Volume 8, Portable and Manual Fire Control Equipment ; Volume

9, Occupancy Standards and Process Hazards; Volume 10, Transportation. The total number of standards published in these vol- umes is 190. The total number of pages in the National Fire

Codes (in their most recent editions) is 6,600 pages.

A number of the standards issued by NFPA are subsequently

submitted to and approved by the United States of America Standards Institute. Typical of these standards are the National

Electrical Code, Lightning Protection Code (cosponsored with the

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), a series of

Codes on Dust Explosion Hazards, and standards for the Installation of Gas Appliances and Gas Piping (cosponsored with the

American Gas Association), Installation of Oil Burning Equip171
ment, Installation of Portable Fire Extinguishers, Carbon Dioxide

Extinguishing Systems, and a standard on Places of Outdoor

Assembly (Grandstands and Tents).

NATIONAL FLAXSEED PROCESSORS ASSOCIATION, George L. Prichard, Executive Secretary, 1017 National Press Building, Washington, D. C. 20004

This Association, consisting of flaxseed processors producing

linseed oil and meal, contributes to the development of national

standards for flaxseed and flaxseed products. The Association

itself, and through its members, cooperates in the development of

test methods and specifications which are ultimately approved and

issued by government agencies and organizations such as the

American Society for Testing and Materials and the American Oil

Chemists' Society. Publications to date include Trading Rules

Governing Purchase and Sale of Linseed Oil and Linseed Meal.

NATIONAL FLUID POWER ASSOCIATION, Theodore Pearce,

Executive Vice President, P. O. Box 49, Thiensville, Wisconsin 53092

This Association develops and sponsors standards for the fluid

power industry in the U. S. It is also sponsor of United States of

America Standards Institute Sectional Committee B93, Fluid

Power Systems and Components, through which NFPA Recommended Standards are processed to become USA Standards. In

addition, the Association is a member of eight other USASI sec- tional committees which have a strong related interest in fluid

power, and a U. S. representative on ISO TC-lO/SC-2 (Fluid

Power Symbols )

.

There are 28 specific project areas in which NFPA standards

have been developed or are in process. They include standards for

fluid power cylinders, valves, pumps, motors, sealing materials,

conductors, fittings, filters, fluids, servovalves, accumulators, and

fluid amplifiers. The standards cover dimensions, specifications,

tests and ratings, terminology, symbols, and procedures.

NATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION, Mortimer B. Doyle, Executive Vice President, 1619 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.,

Washington D. C. 20036

The national Association represents affiliated associations which

include the American Walnut Manufacturers Association, American Wood Preservers Institute, Appalachian Hardwood Manufacturers, Inc., California Redwood Association, Fine Hardwoods

Association, Hardwood Dimension Manufacturers Association,

Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers Association, Maple Flooring

Manufacturers Association, National Oak Flooring Manufacturers

Association, Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association,

Inc., Northern Hardwood and Pine Manufacturers Association,

Red Cedar Shingle and Handsplit Shake Bureau, Southern Cypress

Manufacturers Association, Southern Hardwood Lumber Manufacturers Association, Western Wood Products Association, and

Canadian Wood Council.

172
This Association prepares and distributes various standards for

the use of lumber and wood products. Among these are the

National Design Specification for Stress-Grade Lumber and Its Fastenings, Wood Structural Design Data Booklet, Maximum

Spans for Joists and Rafters in Residential Construction, Wood

Construction Data series and many other technical publications.

During the past three years, the national Association has developed and is promulgating a modular system of construction for use

in the light frame construction field which is called its UNICOM

system. This design standard is intended to facilitate the economic and efficient use of lumber and components used for housing

and light industrial building. The various regional and species

associations prepare and publish grading rules adapted to their

respective species which are then used for the grading of lumber.

The Association is currently engaged in the development of

lumber standards with various committees of the United States of

America Standards Institute and American Society for Testing

and Materials, including those which developed standard methods

for fire endurance tests, for building construction and methods for

testing building construction.

NATIONAL FORMULARY, Dr. Edward G. Feldman, Director of

Revision, 2215 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20037

The National Formulary (N.F.) is a book of drug standards

which since 1906 has been recognized as an official drug compendium in the Federal Food and Drug Law, as well as the drug laws

of the individual States. As such, the standards prescribed therein are subject to enforcement by Federal and State drug officials

(i.e., the Food and Drug Administration)

.

Furthermore, the law provides that not only must the N.F.

tolerances or specifications be met, but that the assays or manner of determining those ^ standards must be according to the

procedures which are detailed for them in the N.F.

The individual monographs in the N.F. include standardized

drug nomenclature and standards and tests for the identity,

purity, and strength of drugs, pharmaceutical chemicals, and

dosage forms of drugs. The N.F. has long been a leader in the

efforts to utilize the metric system to standardize weights and

measures in the United States. The metric system was introduced

into the 2nd edition of the N.F. in 1896, and since 1960 all units of

weights and measures in the N.F. have been given only in the

metric system.

Many of the N.F. test or assay procedures require the use of a

special reference substance. For this purpose, the N.F. makes

available collaboratively tested materials known as N.F. Reference

Standards. A total of 96 such standard substances are presently

available in this program which is operated on a self-sustaining

basis.

The N.F., along with the United States Pharmacopeia, and the

American Medical Association, through its membership on the

USAN (United States Adopted Names) Council contributes to the

standardization of nonproprietary nomenclature for new drugs.

The National Formulary has been revised on a regular basis

173
since 1888, and new editions are now issued at 5-year intervals,

with supplements being issued at periodic intervals between revisions. The currently official N.F. was published in January 1965,

and became effective September 1, 1965. The National Formulary and its revision program are sponsored by the American

Pharmaceutical Association.

NATIONAL HARDWOOD LUMBER ASSOCIATION, M. B. Pendleton, Secretary-Treasurer, Suite 2408, 59 East Van Buren Street, Chicago, Illinois 60605

One of the principal functions of this organization for the past

61 years has been the maintenance of standards for the grading

of hardwood lumber, and an inspection staff for the official application of the standards.

This Association issues biennially a new edition of the rules for

the measurement and inspection of hardwood lumber, cypress, and

thin lumber.

The Association maintains qualified inspectors in the principal

hardwood markets and producing districts of the United States and

Canada who are authorized to issue certificates of inspection of

hardwood lumber and cypress, the correctness of the grades and

measurements shown on the certificate being guaranteed by the

financial resources of the Association. This official inspection

service is available to the members and nonmembers on government contracts, including Federal, State or local. Extensive use

of this service is also being made by the U. S. Defense Supply

Agency.

A full-time school is maintained in Memphis, Tennessee, by the

Association for the training of men to be proficient hardwood

inspectors. The course of five months is open to members and

nonmembers and their employees up to 50 in number.

In cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards, this

Association was instrumental in bringing about the establishment

of a Commercial Standard for solid hardwood wall paneling. This

resulted in the formulation and publication by the U. S. Department of Commerce of Commercial Standard CS74-39 providing

two classes of wall paneling.

NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL LEATHER ASSOCIATION, E. R.

Rath, Executive Vice President, P. O. Box 1485, Pompano Beach,

Florida 33061

The Association, through its Engineering and Technical Committees representing its different Divisions, has developed dimensional standards covering leather belting, mechanical leather

packings, certain textile leathers, etc. These same committees

have also prepared standard procedures for testing such physical

characteristics of various industrial leather products as the bond

strength of cement used in the fabrication of leather belting,

porosity of leather packings, etc. Through the work of the Association, horsepower rating tables

and correction factors have been developed for flat leather belting,

which have been adopted by the entire industry. The Association

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and its committees have cooperated with the National Bureau of

Standards in the preparation of Federal Specifications covering

various industrial leather products. It has also worked very

closely with United States of America Standards Institute Sectional Committee B93 in the development of recommended

practices pertaining to sealing devices.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIAPER SERVICES, Mrs. Ruth P. Schaumann, Executive Director, 67 West 44th Street, New York,

N. Y. 10036

The Institute was founded in 1938 to conduct research into the

requirements of diaper processing to make it safe for infant skin.

An independent accredited medical laboratory under the supervision of a clinical pathologist conducted microbiological and patch

test studies on infants in order to establish standards. The laboratory then devised testing procedures by which random sample

diapers can be tested routinely against the prescribed standards.

A diaper service must meet these standards consistently in order

to display the Diaseptic Process^ Symbol.

Standards are raised from time-to-time as new knowledge is revealed by the continuing research program. The diaper test now

includes five major areas: (1) A sanitary score, awarded on the

basis of microorganisms found on the sample, either by direct

plating or by subculture. If any pathogenic organisms are found,

the sample is not acceptable. Nonpathogenic organisms are permissible only up to 125 colonies; (2) a pH test by the colorimetric

procedure, to show that the sample meets the acceptable range of

4.5 to 6.5; (3) a zone of inhibition test by agar plate against

staphylococcus aureau (USDA 209) after 24-hour incubation, made

in comparison with previously established standards according to the kind of antiseptic used in the diaper processing; (4) a softness

test with freedom from stiffness or pilling; and (5) an absorbency test so that water added drop by drop enters the fabric

immediately.

Standards are now being developed for plant sanitation, cus- tomer service, and marketing practices. Accreditation to display

the Diaseptic Process^ Symbol will be offered to diaper services

that can meet all established standards.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DRYCLEANING, (formerly National

Association of Dyers and Cleaners), George P. Fulton, General Manager, 909 Burlington Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

This Institute cooperated with the National Bureau of Standards and solvent producers in the establishment of U. S. Commercial Standard CS3-40 for Stoddard Solvent and CS174-51 for

140-F Solvent. Both are petroleum fractions. The Institute

developed its own quality standard for perchlorethylene (tetrachloroethylene), a chlorinated hydrocarbon, which is widely

accepted.

The Institute maintains research laboratories and educational

facilities at its headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland, a branch

laboratory for textile damage evaluation services in Glendale, Cali175
fornia, and a textile trade relations office in New York City. The

results of its investigations of fundamental problems of the drycleaning process and with textile products are published in bulletin

form. Fellowship testing services are offered suppliers of textile

products, drycleaning supplies, and machinery. Routine testing

services are also rendered on textiles, solvents, detergents, water

repellents, moth repellents, spot removal agents, etc. Various

artificially soiled fabrics are sold for use in evaluation of drycleaning processes and a cleaning performance test service is offered.

Textbooks on drycleaning practice, spot and stain removal,

applied science, and finishing for use in its comprehensive range of

resident and correspondence courses have been published.

Periodical issues of bulletins supply technical information on

drycleaning and textiles to drycleaners, and Institute fabric behavior and care information is sent regularly to a large readership in

the fields of education and homemaking. Notable other reference

works include ''Focus on Fabrics," a compendium of fabric information in relation to drycleaning, and the National Fair Claims

Guide for Consumer Textile Products, a standard for use in judging responsibility for damage claims and for calculation of adjustment values. Standards for pressing and finishing coats, trousers,

and other garments have also been published.

The Institute has provided direction in the development of test #85-1963, Colorfastness to Drycleaning; test #86^1957T, Durability of Applied Designs and Finishes, and test #108-1963T,

Dimensional Changes in Drycleaning, all of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. The Institute has been

active also in the development of USA Standard L22 for consumer

textiles, and L24 for institutional textiles.

In addition to committee work in the above associations, the

National Institute of Drycleaning is officially represented on committees of the American Society for Testing and Materials on

petroleum products, lubricants, soap and detergents, and textile

materials. It is also active in the American Association for

Textile Technology.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GOVERNMENTAL PURCHASING,

Albert H. Hall, Executive Vice President, 1001 Connecticut Avenue,

N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

The Institute is an organization of governmental buying agencies of the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. It is also

affiliated formally with the Institute of Public Supplies of Great

Britain, with an interlocking directorate. Its membership

includes purchasing agencies of States, counties, cities, boards of

education and special authorities and districts. The Institute is chartered as a nonprofit educational and technical organization.

It is dedicated to the improvement of public purchasing through

the interchange of technical and professional information and

ideas. Founded in 1944, it is now engaged in its twenty-first year

of service to the public purchasing profession.

Its aims and objectives are to: study, discuss and recommend

improvements in governmental purchasing; interchange ideas and

experiences and obtain expert advice on local. State and national

176
governmental purchasing problems; collect and distribute to governmental purchasing officials information on organization

and administration of governmental buying ; develop and promote

simplified standards and specifications for governmental buying;

promote uniform purchasing laws and procedures; work for or against proposals affecting the welfare of governmental buying

agencies; give to taxpayers information on governmental buying

problems in order to foster interest in public affairs and cooperation between governmental buyers and those they serve. The

Institute has also developed a Training and Certification Plan for

public purchasing executives which is national and international in scope. NIGP has had a continuing interest in standardization. At its inception, the Institute established a specifications library which

has grown to more than 10,000 specifications currently in use by

the Federal Government and State and local governments. The

acquisition of new specifications is announced each month in the

official journal.

Several years ago the Institute established a committee on stan- dards and tests for the purpose of developing its own series of

recommended specifications. The first in this series has been

issued and NIGP plans to issue six such specifications annually. It will expand its work in the field of standardization as rapidly as funds and facilities can be found to carry forward this important

work.

NATIONAL INSULATION MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

J. M. Barnhart, Executive Secretary, 441 Lexington Avenue, New

York, N. Y. 10017

The Association is a nonprofit trade association representing

manufacturers of inorganic insulation for thermal industrial uses.

Its purpose is to cooperate with other industries, technical societies, research organizations, and Government agencies in all matters that will disseminate accurate information regarding in- organic insulation. The Association has been called on regularly

to counsel in the preparation of Federal Specifications, Military

Specifications, Guide Specifications, etc. By virtue of participation in the activities of American Society

for Testing and Materials Committee C-16 on Insulation, the

Association has aided constructively in preparing test methods and

product standards relating to thermal insulating products.

It maintains active participation in the American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, the

National Fire Protection Association, and the Building Research

Institute, and cooperates with other organizations that are

interested in industrial inorganic insulation products.

NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING, Inez Haynes, Secretary, 10

Columbus Circle, New York, N. Y. 10019

This association develops criteria for evaluating organized

nursing services and nursing education programs as guides to improvement. It has available published criteria for a hospital

177
department of nursing service, administration of a public health

nursing service, a master's or baccalaureate program in nursing, an associate degree program in nursing, a diploma program in

nursing, and a practical nursing program. Its public health nurs- ing and nursing education criteria are used nationally for evaluation for accreditation. The hospital nursing criteria are a tool for

individual hospitals to use in self-evaluation, improvement, information, and interpretation. Lists of NLN accredited nursing education programs are published annually. NLN has been the

national accrediting agency for nursing education programs preparing students to become registered nurses since 1952; it ini- tiated national accreditation for public health nursing services

and practical nursing programs in 1966.

NATIONAL LIME ASSOCIATION, Robert S. Boynton, Executive

Director, 4000 Brandywine Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20016

In order to assist lime consumers in the most efficient utilization

of quick and hydrated lime, this Association has developed,

through Association-sponsored research in concert with its Technical Committee, construction guide specifications, materials specifications, and general recommendations in the mortar, plaster,

stucco, highway, and water purification fields. In addition, the

Association is engaged in committee work with the American

Society for Testing and Materials, United States of America Standards Institute, American Road Builders' Association, American

Water Works Association, and the American Public Works

Association in standards work that involves lime.

Some of the activity is reflected in education-promotional literature and movies published by the Association. A few examples

are: "Water Supply and Treatment," "Exterior Masonry Construction," two authoritative technical bulletins; and "Lime Stabilization of Clay Soils for Better Roads," a 271/2 minute, 16 mm.,

color-sound movie.

NATIONAL LUBRICATING GREASE INSTITUTE, C. V. Pickell,

General Manager, 4635 Wyandotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri

64112

Founded in 1933, the Institute is a technical society whose objectives are: The development of better lubricating greases for the consumer and better grease lubrication engineering service to industry.

The Technical Committee of this Institute is charged with developing data pertinent to the manufacture, standardization, and

application of the products of the industry. This committee and

individual members of the Institute cooperate with committees

of technical organizations in matters relating to standards and

specifications.

The Technical Committee cooperates with the Lubrication Committee of the American Petroleum Institute, and with various

technical committees of the Society of Automotive Engineers,

United States of America Standards Institute, American Society

for Testing and Materials, Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers

Association, American Association of Railroads, American

Petroleum Institute, and others.

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The Institute offers cooperation to interested departments of the

United States Government, including the Army, Navy, Air Force,

Department of Commerce, Bureau of Standards, Federal Trade

Commission, and the Interstate Commerce Commission.

NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION,

Eugene J. Koschella, Director of Technical Services, 2139 Wisconsin

Avenue, Washington, D. C. 20007

Machine tool builders have for many years been directly interested in the electrical equipment that forms so vital a part of the

modern machine tool. With the tremendous development of better

cutting tools and the necessity for wider speed ranges, has come a corresponding improvement in the material available from the

manufacturers of industrial electrical equipment. Realizing that

the safety of the operator and the maintenance of production are

considerations of cardinal importance to machine tool users, the

industry established an Electrical Standards Committee in 1938,

and since that time has been constantly and actively engaged in the

development of better electrical standards.

This Association publishes ''Machine Tool Electrical Standards," which brings to the industry and its customers the latest

thoughts of many skilled minds in the field, in keeping with the

latest technological developments. The objectives have been to make tools safer to operate, more productive and less costly to maintain.

For the first time, some recognition is given to use of electronic

and static devices. With the limited usage of these devices in the

machine tool field at the present time, it is recognized that the

experience gained has not been adequate to write complete stan- dards covering these devices. The present provisions will be

modified as field experience dictates.

NATIONAL MICROFILM ASSOCIATION, Vernon D. Tate,

Executive Secretary, P. O. Box 386, Annapolis, Maryland 21404

Standardization occupies an important place in the program of

this Association. The principal operating mechanism is the standing NMA Standards Committee, which with its numerous subcommittees, directs attention to general and particular segments of the

field of microreproduction. The Association sponsors sessions and

papers devoted to standards at the Annual Conventions. These

activities are reported and papers reproduced in the annual ''Pro- ceedings" volumes. National and international cooperation are

effected through NMA membership on working committees of the

United States of America Standards Institute and the International Organization for Standardization. NMA regards its stan- dards efforts as being directed toward the establishment and

adoption of USA and ISO Standards in the microreproduction

fields, and follows them when and as they are approved.

Publications of the Association include: "Glossary of Terms for

Microphotography and Reproductions made from Micro-Images"

NMA Informational Monograph No. 2, 3rd edition 1964; "NMA

Microfiche Standards Specification M-1-1963" (a precision grid

to accompany this specification was also prepared and made available); and "Engineering Data Microreproduction Standards and

179
Specifications," NMA Informational Monograph No. 1, April 1963.

This volume is a compilation of published Federal standards and

other applicable documents for the Department of Defense Engineering Data Microreproduction System. A new revised edition is in process.

NATIONAL MINERAL WOOL INSULATION ASSOCIATION,

Arthur W. Johnson, Secretary, 1270 6th Avenue, Rockefeller Center,

New York, N. Y. 10020

This is a nonprofit and unincorporated organization, rendering

service to its members and the trade in connection with mineral

wool insulating building products. It cooperates actively through

appropriate committees in research and manufacturing and in the

formulation and improvement of standards and specifications cov- ering mineral wool products designed for and installed in buildings. It maintains active membership in the American Society for

Testing and Materials, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, National Fire Protection

Association, Building OfRcials Conference of America, Producers'

Council, Chamber of Commerce, Building Research Institute,

National Industrial Council, and National Association of Manufacturers. It cooperates in a helpful manner with such similarly interested associations and Government agencies as the United States

of America Standards Institute, American Gas Association,

National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Edison Electric

Institute, Electric Heating Association, National Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Association, National Association of

Home Builders, Federal Housing Administration, Veterans

Administration, and National Bureau of Standards. The purposes

of the Association are to study and improve the industry's products, their quality, distribution, and application; and to publicize

and otherwise inform the public, the trade, and industry members

of research, investigations, and facts tending to promote the

efficiency and welfare of the industry.

NATIONAL MODEL RAILROAD ASSOCIATION, Bob E. Bast,

Office Manager, P. O. Box 1328, Station C, Canton, Ohio 44708

This service organization was established in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1935 to advance the hobby of scale model railroading

through the development, adoption and regulation of standards,

promote cooperation and understanding between producers and

users of hobby materials, and increase opportunities for fellowship

among model railroaders.

Membership comprises about 14,000 persons active in the field,

primarily in the United States but also throughout the world,

including members and firms in the trade as well as individual

practicing hobbyists. The Association is subdivided into 16 geographic Regions, one each in the British Isles and Australasia and

the balance in the United States and Canada. Management is directed by 8 elected nonpaid officers, who also serve with the 16

Regional Presidents as members of the governing Board of Trustees, and all services other than membership record-keeping and

mailings are performed by a volunteer staff. A basic function of the NMRA and the primary reason for its 180
founding is that of establishing and maintaining design standards

for the manufacture of components for use in the hobby. These

are intended to insure interchange between items produced by

various sources and to improve performance. Initial specifications were adopted in 1936 and have been followed continuously by

producers of scale railroad models and parts since that time,

including refinements as the state of the art progressed.

Typical NMRA Standards define track and wheel relationships,

electrical power specifications, and clearance dimensions between

rolling stock and trackside structures. An additional class of

specifications, known as NMRA Recommended Practices, covers

desirable characteristics other than those necessary for physical

interchange and is intended to enable manufacturers to improve

their product in a manner most suited to the user's needs. A

General Engineering Committee is charged with responsibility for

development of Standards and Recommended Practices, and a separate Conformance-Inspection Committee checks manufactured

products for compliance. Items meeting the Standards specifications are granted an NMRA Conformance Warrant which may

be used in advertising as long as continued compliance is indicated

by repeat inspections.

NATIONAL MUNICIPAL LEAGUE, Alfred Willoughby, Executive

Director, 47 East 68th Street, New York, N. Y. 10021

Model laws are devised, published, and distributed by this organization which are intended to serve as standards and to stimulate

uniformity in State, county, and city legislation. They include a model bond law, budget law, city charter (which provides the

council-manager form of government), model county charter, elec- tion administration system, model real property tax collection law,

registration system. State civil service law, model State constitution and others. In addition, the League has undertaken special

projects, including a five-year program begun in 1965, to improve

and strengthen State legislatures.

NATIONAL OAK FLOORING MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, Henry H. Willins, Executive Vice President, 814 Sterick

Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38103

Standardization and simplification activities of this Association

are carried on by its Grading, Milling and Inspection Committee,

which has been functioning for more than 40 years.

The Association has adopted official rules on oak, birch, beech,

hard maple, and pecan flooring, which cover in detail the grades

and sizes of quartered and plain sawn stock. It cooperated with

the National Bureau of Standards in the establishment of Commercial Standard CS56-60 covering grading rules for white and

red oak flooring, which was published by that Bureau; also with

the Federal Government in the formulation of the Federal Specification for Hardwood Flooring, which includes references to the

grading rules of this Association for oak, birch, beech, and hard

maple flooring.

This Association maintains a rigid supervision of species, manufacture, kiln drying, bundling, and all other features pertaining to oak, birch, beech, and hard maple so that its sizes and grades will

181
be maintained. The use of the Association's registered trade name

'^NOFMA" has been granted to all of its members whose stock of

oak flooring has been found to comply with the Association's

official grading rules. It also maintains a reinspection service

available for the retail dealers who purchase products of member

companies, so that, in the event there is doubt concerning the

quality of stock bought, a reinspection may be had and the matter

settled immediately.

NATIONAL PAINT, VARNISH AND LACQUER ASSOCIATION,

Robert A. Roland, Executive Vice President, 1500 Rhode Island

Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005

This Association cooperates with the National Bureau of Standards and other Federal Agencies on research problems; also with

the General Services Administration and the Armed Forces in

preparing specifications for paints and other protective coatings.

During the past 51 years the Association has issued over 800

publications relating to its researches and dealing with the properties of, test methods for, and the proper utilization of paints,

varnishes, lacquers, and chemical coatings.

The Association is active on the American Society for Testing

and Materials committee dealing with the development of specifications and test methods for paints and related products. It is represented on a number of other ASTM committees having problems related to the coatings industry or its raw materials. The

Association is also active in standardization procedures, as regards

test methods, in the American Oil Chemists' Society, the Federation of Paint and Varnish Production Clubs, and the Intersociety

Color Council.

NATIONAL PAPER BOX MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

Norman T. Baldwin, Executive Director, Suite 910, City Centre

Building, 121 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

This Association, representing the rigid paper box industry, has

developed specifications for box-covering papers which include

standards for fade resistance, surface or color rub, put-up, sample

books, and billing terminology. The Specifications Committee of

the Association is promoting acceptance of these standards to paper mills, distributors, and box manufacturers. Further work

is being done by the committee on paperboard, adhesives, and

paper boxes.

NATIONAL PARTICLEBOARD ASSOCIATION, Robert E. Dougherty, Executive Director, 711 14th Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005

This Association consists of manufacturers of mat-formed wood

particleboard who participate in the development of standards

through the Association's Technical Committee. NPA has promulgated Physical Property Specifications for Mat-Formed Wood

Particleboard for Floor Underlayment, which is included by refer- ence in Federal Housing Administration's Use of Materials Bulletin No. UM-28, Mat-Formed Wood Particleboard for Floor

Underlayment. The Association sponsored Commercial Standard

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CS236-66 for Mat-Formed Particleboard (Interior Use), and

published Interim Standard for Mat-Formed Wood Particleboard

as a service to consumers while the Commercial Standard was

being revised. In addition, NPA has assisted the General Services

Administration in the preparation of Interim Federal Specification

LLL-B-00800 for Building Board (Particleboard) Hard Pressed,

Vegetable Fiber.

NATIONAL PLANT FOOD INSTITUTE, Paul T. Tmitt, President,

1700 K Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20006

This organization supports standardization through simplification and uniformity in State fertilizer regulatory laws and uniformity and simplification of methods of chemical analysis. Work

on these problems is done by Institute staff members and its Chemical Control Committee. The Institute cooperates with a Task

Force comprising selected State, Federal and industry personnel

competent in this field. The objective of such standardization is to increase the accuracy

and precision of the chemical analysis of fertilizers and fertilizer

materials.

Further, the Institute supports the enactment by all States of

uniform fertilizer laws as recommended by the Association of

American Fertilizer Control Officials. Also, the Institute supports

further standardization of reporting and publication forms used in

the various States to record the consumption of fertilizers by

materials and grades on an annual, semiannual, quarterly, or monthly basis, by States, including in some cases figures by

counties.

NATIONAL PRESERVERS ASSOCIATION, Robert H. Kellen,

Executive Vice President, 25 East Chestnut Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611

Association definitions and standards for fruit butters, preserves, jams, jellies and artificially sweetened fruit jellies and

preserves have been officially published by the Food and Drug

Administration. The Association is presently developing a stan- dard for raw material procurement to be followed by finished

product specifications and, at a later date, sanitation procedures.

NATIONAL PRINTING INK RESEARCH INSTITUTE, William

D. Schaeffer, Associate Research Director, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18001

The Institute was established at Lehigh University in 1946. It was founded to engage in scientific research on printing inks, on

the equipment and techniques involved in their production, and on

the printing surfaces to which they are applied. Recognizing the

printing ink industry's need for such information, one of the projects undertaken by NPIRI was a compilation of a set of Standard

Test Methods. Such a series of tests is an essential basis for

interchange of technical information, for ink research, for scientific control of ink production, and thus for the resulting advances

in ink technology.

The material in the manual, consisting of forty-four tests, has

183
been divided into seven main sections: Sampling and Preparation,

Qualitative Chemical Tests, Quantitative Chemical Tests, Physical

Tests, Performance Tests, Resistance Tests, and Tests for Related

Materials. The last section covers materials such as paper, rollers

and blankets, printing plates and fountain solutions, which do not

enter into ink production but contact the ink and influence its behavior during use. An evaluating procedure is carried out on

each recommended method both by the Institute and by individual

companies cooperating with the Institute. It is intended that this

group of test methods grow with time in the directions indicated

by the needs of the industry.

NATIONAL READY MIXED CONCRETE ASSOCIATION,

V. P. Ahearn, Managing Director; Delmar L. Bloem, Director of Engineering, 900 Spring Street, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

The standardization work of this Association falls into two

categories: its own technical committees develop standards for the

operation of ready-mixed concrete equipment, the sampling and

testing of ready-mixed concrete and the design of concrete mixtures ; representatives of the Association are active in the stan- dardization work of pertinent technical organizations such as the

American Society for Testing and Materials, the American

Concrete Institute, and others.

This Association, jointly with the National Sand and Gravel

Association, maintains research facilities in cooperation with the

University of Maryland at College Park, Md. This joint Research

Laboratory conducts research pertinent to industry problems, and

particularly those dealing with standardization of specifications

and test methods. The policies of the laboratory are governed by a Joint Research Committee representative of the two Associations.

NATIONAL RESTAURANT ASSOCIATION, Donald Greenaway,

Executive Vice President, 1530 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago,

Illinois 60610

This Association is the sponsor of United States of America

Standards Institute Sectional Committee Z64 Mass Feeding

Kitchen Utensils and Containers. The committee has for its scope

the development of dimensional standards for utensils and containers used in food preparation and service in mass feeding. The

Association also participates in the work of USASI Sectional Committees L24 Institutional Textiles, Z16 Standardization of Methods of Recording and Compiling Accident Statistics, and Z108

Method of Recording and Measuring Patron Accident Statistics.

NRA works with the National Sanitation Foundation in the

development of standards for food service equipment. It is also

involved with the National Fire Protection Association on stan- dards for grease hood and duct systems, safety to life in assembly

areas, and the various fire protection systems such as dry chemicals and carbon dioxide which are pertinent to a restaurant

kitchen and dining room. The Association cooperates with the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wholesale and Retail Research Branch, to formulate labor

productivity standards among commercial cafeterias.

Future plans call for continued work in the areas of food

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packaging, food distribution, and extending the study of labor

productivity standards.

NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION, Russell R.

Mueller, Managing Director, 964 North Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204

This Association engages in continuous programs furthering

standardization of many management, merchandising, and advertising procedures in independent retail hardware stores. Increased efficiency and economy of operation for such stores has

resulted in standardization of accounting systems, basic stocks, store layout, store fixture specifications, sales planning, and newspaper advertising.

Leadership offered in standardization of retail store fixtures has

brought about greater industry-wide usage of National Retail

Hardware Association Merchandising Laboratory-approved manufacturer display units, package design, and point-of-sale material.

Laboratory consultation and seal of approval are granted without

cost to any manufacturer whose merchandising unit, package, or program meets basic NRHA established standards.

NATIONAL RETAIL MERCHANTS ASSOCIATION, James J. Bliss, Executive Vice President, 100 West Thirtv-first Street, New

York, N. Y. 10001

This Association takes an active part in the formulation of

standards and specifications relative to retail store organization,

retail systems, retail trade terminology, business practices, and

specifications for commodities used in the trade.

In carrying forth this work, the Association cooperates actively

with the United States of America Standards Institute and other

technical and trade organizations. The Association initiated

programs for the establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendations covering set-up paper boxes, folding paper boxes,

corrugated-fiber boxes, and notion and millinery paper bags,

under the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce.

A few years ago it cooperated in the revision of Simplified

Practice Recommendations R126, R127, R128, and R129. It also

cooperated in the development of Simplified Practice Recommendation R177 for single-phase corrugated board-rolls.

Also in collaboration with the National Bureau of Standards,

the Association assisted in the development of Commercial Standards CS62-38 for colors for kitchen accessories, and CS63-38

for colors for bathroom accessories. It also assisted in the

establishment of Commercial Standards CS59-41 for woven dress

fabrics (testing and reporting), and CS39-37 for wool and

part-wool blankets. This latter standard defines the terms used to describe the fiber content of blankets, if represented in any way to be made wholly or in part of wool; regulates the sizes of type to be

used in describing the fiber content of part-wool blankets; provides

methods of test for determining the percentage by weight of the

total fiber content represented by wool fibers therein, in cases where the buyer and seller do not agree on method; and illus- 185
trates the manner by which manufacturers and distributors may

guarantee compliance with the Commercial Standard.

The Association cooperates actively with the National Bureau of

Standards in the establishment of standard sizing of all apparel.

This organization is a member body of the United States of

America Standards Institute and participates actively in the work

of several USASI committees. It is officially represented on

the Sectional Committee on Standards and Specifications for

Refrigerators.

NRMA is sponsor of USASI's L22 Standards, which relate to the end uses of all textiles. In 1965 it sponsored the updating of

L22.

NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, Howard Pyle, President, 425 North

Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611

The purpose of this organization is the conservation of human

life through a continuous campaign of accident prevention and the

promotion of industrial health. It promotes industrial, traffic,

public, home, farm, and school and college safety chiefly through

the gathering and distribution of information about the causes of

accidents and methods for their prevention. The Council investigates and compares methods of making mechanical equipment

safer and of protecting those who use it; precautions in using

hazardous devices, materials and processes; and develops programs

for stimulating interest in safety.

In cooperation with other organizations the Council takes part

in the standardization work of the United States of America Standards Institute. It is sponsor or joint sponsor of the Safety

Standards which have been or are being developed under USASI

procedures on the following: methods for recording and measuring

work injury experience and compiling industrial accident causes; standards for safety for the construction industry; floor and wall

openings, railings and toe boards; identification of piping systems;

window cleaning; general industrial stairs; power presses; forging

and hot metal stamping; rubber machinery ; signaling devices and

controls for graphic arts equipment; identification of gas mask

canisters; paper and pulp mills; textile safety standards; specifications for accident prevention signs; performance requirements

for protective occupational footwear; safety color standards; stan- dards for radiation protection; power operated platforms for

exterior building maintenance; manual on classification of motor

vehicle traffic accidents; recording and measuring motor vehicle

fleet accident experience; long shoring safety on the docks; specifications for accident prevention tags; requirements for architectural glazing material; and recording and measuring patron

accident statistics.

In addition, the National Safety Council is officially represented on approximately 75 USASI sectional committees in preparing

standards on various subjects in connection with safety of individuals or the use of equipment and devices.

The Council has prepared and issued 365 Data Sheets, 3 Manuals

on General Occupational Accident Prevention, and 5 Manuals on Accident Prevention in specific industries.

186
NATIONAL SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION, V. P. Ahearn,

Managing Director; Delmar L. Bloem, Director of Engineering, 900

Spring Street, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

The standardization work of this Association falls into two

categories: committees of the Association deal with specifications

for various uses ; representatives of the Association are active in

the standardization work of pertinent technical organizations such

as the American Society for Testing and Materials, the American

Concrete Institute, the American Railway Engineering Association and others. It also cooperates with the National Crushed

Stone Association and the National Slag Association through the

Joint Technical Committee of mineral aggregates associations

in the development of standards and coordination of technical

problems of mutual interest.

This Association, jointly with the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, maintains research facilities in cooperation with

the University of Maryland at College Park, Md. This Joint

Research Laboratory conducts research pertinent to industry

problems, and particularly those dealing with standardization of

specifications and test methods. The policies of the laboratory are governed by a Joint Research Committee representative of the two

Associations.

NATIONAL SANITATION FOUNDATION, Walter F. Snyder,

Executive Director, ^':hool of Public Health, University of Michigan,

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104

The Foundation is a noncommercial, nonprofit organization

seeking solutions to all problems involving cleanliness and sanitation. It is dedicated to the prevention of illness and improvement

of quality living through a better environment. It sponsors or conducts objective research and educational programs to find

improved sanitation methods. These studies provide an authoritative basis for the establishment of minimum sanitation standards

for equipment, products and devices that are generally acceptable

to health authorities.

The Foundation has developed through cooperation with industry, official and nonofficial health agencies, the following standards

and Criteria: No. 1, Soda Fountain and Luncheonette Equipment;

No. 2, Food Service Equipment; No. 3, Spray-Type Dishwashing

Machines; No. 4, Commercial Cooking and Warming Equipment;

No. 5, Commercial Hot Water Generating Equipment; No. 6, Dispensing Freezers ; No. 7, Commercial Refrigerators and Storage

Freezers; No. 8, Commercial Powered Food Preparation Equipment; No. 9, Diatomite Type Filters for Swimming Pool Equipment; No. 10, Sand Type Filters for Swimming Pool Equipment;

No. 11, Recessed Automatic Surface Skimmers; No. 12, Automatic

Ice Making Equipment; No. 14, Thermoplastic Materials, Pipe,

Fittings, Valves, Traps and Joining Materials; C-1, Vending

Machines; C-2, The Evaluation of Special Equipment and/or

Devices; C-3, Thermoset Reinforced Plastic; C-4, Reinforced

Plastic Tanks; C-5, Cartridge Type Filters; C-6, Cloth Towel

Dispensers; and C-7, Plastic Lined Pipe.

The National Sanitation Foundation Seal of Approval has been

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authorized for use on over 12,000 items manufactured by 600

manufacturers.

NATIONAL SASH AND DOOR JOBBERS ASSOCIATION, Carl W.

Nagle, Executive Secretary, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606

This Association, formed in 1964 by the merger of two regional

jobber associations, Northern and Southern, has been active in the

support and development of Commercial Standards related to window and door products. In cooperation with the National

Woodwork Manufacturers Association, NSDJA since 1953 has

helped prepare and further Commercial Standards 190, 204, 205,

264, 265 and 266, relating to double hung, casement, awning, and

single hung wood window units. In addition, the Association

operates a wood window promotion program based upon quality

testing in accordance with these standards.

NSDJA initiated and is currently involved in developing a Commercial Standard for wood interior hinged door units. It also has

under consideration a Commercial Standard for prime-painting of

millwork products.

In addition the Association is interested in various standards

relating to the softwood plywood industry and, representing distributors, assists in the coordination of problems connected with

plywood Commercial Standards.

NATIONAL SCALE MEN'S ASSOCIATION, William S. Fuller, President, c/o H. J. Fuller and Sons, Inc., Columbus, Ohio 43212

This organization is composed of approximately 850 technical

men engaged in the design, production, sale, installation, maintenance, testing, and operation of weighing machines.

It has organized 11 committees which are assigned to study and

develop certain phases of the scale industry, including the development of standards and specifications covering railway and industrial track scales; highway vehicle scales; built-in, self-contained,

and portable scales; counter scales; grain scales, automatic and

hand-operated scales; automatic indicating and recording railway

and industrial scales, automatic indicating and recording scales

other than large capacity, electronic and hydrulic scales of large

and small capacity; pits and foundations; weighing practices,

scales used for transportation and labor charges; weighing practices, scales used for purposes of barter; corrosion prevention;

construction materials; and welding and heat treatment.

The Association has adopted specifications for overhauling and

repair of heavy-capacity scales; light industrial service track

scales; railway track-scale test weight cars; standard code of rules

relating to maintenance and transportation of track-scale test weight cars; and a definition of a standard test of a railway track

scale. The standards and codes which have been adopted by the Association have received the indorsement of the National Conference on Weights and Measures and the American Railway Engineering

Association.

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NATIONAL SCHOOL SUPPLY AND EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION, Dave McCurrach, Executive Manager, 27 East Monroe

Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603

This Association, founded in 1916, is composed of manufacturers and distributors of school equipment and supplies other than

textbooks. Standards produced by the Association include Recommended Standards for Design of Interior Folding and Telescopic

Seating, which establishes uniform standard criteria for the

design, manufacture, and installation of interior folding and tele- scopic seating normally used in school gymnasiums, and Testing

Procedures for Measuring Sound Transmission Loss Through

Movable Walls and Folding Partitions. This standard establishes a uniform set of practices for the installation of the test specimen,

the conduct of the test, and the certification of the results when

operable walls are tested for sound transmission loss in accordance

with American Society for Testing and Materials Designation

E90-61T, Tentative Recommended Practice for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Floors

and Walls.

NATIONAL SILO ASSOCIATION, E. H. Martin, Managing Director, 1201 Waukegan Road, Glenview, Illinois 60025

This Association represents manufacturers of concrete, steel,

tile, and wood for building tower silos, as well as manufacturers of

silo accessories, silage feeding equipment, and loading and unloading silage equipment.

In cooperation with various organizations, the Association has

developed suggested standards for the structural materials used by

the industry. Manufacturers using concrete for silos have adopted

Recommended Practice for the Construction of Concrete Farm

Silos (ACI 714-46) as a suggested standard of the American Concrete Institute. NSA has cooperated with technical associations of

the steel industry concerniiig standards for steel used in steel silo production. Structural Clay Products Institute cooperated in the

development of standards for silo tile. Wood silo manufacturers

and NSA have adopted the silo stave-pattern standard grading

and dressing rules of the West Coast Lumbermen's Association.

NATIONAL SLAG ASSOCIATION, E. W. Bauman, Managing Director, 613 Perpetual Building, Washington, D. C. 20004

The Association cooperates actively with specification-writing

organizations at the national and State levels in formulating and

revising aggregate specifications and in development of standards

covering test procedures. This cooperative program is carried out

mainly through representation on technical committees of such

national organizations as: United States of America Standards

Institute, American Society for Testing and Materials, American

Concrete Institute, Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists,

American Railway Engineering Association, American Society of

Civil Engineers, American Public Works Association, and the

Industrial Hygiene Foundation. Standardization of aggregates is further promoted by research dealing with aggregates and their

end-use products, conducted in the Association's Laboratory

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located in Youngstown, Ohio. Much of the research thus con- ducted is planned and programmed by the Association's Technical

Committee. This Committee is composed of technical representatives from the various Member Companies.

NATIONAL SLATE ASSOCIATION, W. S. Hays, Secretary, 455 West

23rd Street, New York, N. Y. 10011

Standard specifications have been formulated and adopted by

this Association covering the use of slate for floors, terraces,

walks, and roofs. These specifications are in the form in which

they may be incorporated into architects' specifications or made

the subject of construction contracts, and include requirements on

metalwork, weight, and laying of felt, laying of slate, etc. This Association cooperated with the National Bureau of Standards in simplification activities which resulted in the establishment of standard sizes of structural slate for plumbing and

sanitary purposes, roofing slate, and blackboard slate, published as Simplified Practice Recommendations by the National Bureau of

Standards.

The Association is represented on Sectional Committees functioning under the procedure of the United States of America

Standards Institute.

NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN AND

ADULTS, Sumner G. Whittier, Executive Director, 2023 West

Ogden Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60612

Every day over 20 million adults and children with physical

disabilities are being deprived of the opportunity to go to school, to attend religious services, to work and to play because of architectural barriers which prevent adequate independent access and use

of buildings and facilities. This Society, in cooperation with the

President's Committee on Employment of the Physically Handicapped, has as its objectives the elimination of architectural barriers across the nation by: (1) Increasing public awareness of the

opportunities denied the handicapped for participation in community life because of architectural barriers; (2) stimulating community action to improve the access and use of buildings intended for

public use to the disabled by encouraging the elimination of architectural barriers in present facilities; and (3) assuring the prevention of architectural barriers in future construction through

education and modification of Municipal Building Codes and

Legislation.

Together with the President's Committee on Employment of the

Physically Handicapped, the Society sponsors United States of

America Standards Institute Sectional Committee All? Facilities

in Public Buildings for Persons with Physical Handicaps. The

committee has developed specifications for Making Buildings and

Facilities Accessible to, and Usable by the Physically Handicapped

(USA A117. 1-1961), which contains building specifications

intended to make buildings and facilities used by the public accessible to and functional for the physically handicapped to, through,

and within their doors without loss of function, space, or facility

where the general public is concerned.

At the present time 22 States, as a result of these efforts, have

190
enacted mandatory legislation relative to the elimination of architectural barriers in buildings built with State funds. The General

Services Administration has adopted the standards and is including them in future Federal building designs.

Following community surveys of architectural barriers in various cities, twenty-five ''Guides for the Handicapped" have been

published which provide factual information regarding the accessibility factors of buildings intended for public use. In this way, the

handicapped individual can judge for himself which buildings in

his community he is able to use in light of his own ambulatory

limitations.

NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS,

Dr. John W. Ferree, Executive Director, 16 East 40th Street, New

York, N. Y. 10016

This Society, founded in 1908, consists of professional and lay

persons interested in preventing blindness and conserving sight

through a nationwide comprehensive program of public and

professional education, research, industrial and community services. Services include promotion and support of local glaucoma

screening programs, preschool vision testing, industrial eye safety,

collection of statistics and other data on the nature and extent of causes of blindness and defective vision, improvement of environmental conditions affecting eye health in schools and colleges,

and provision of special education facilities for partially seeing

children.

The Society is the sponsor of United States of America Standards Institute Sectional Committee Z87 Safety Code for Eye

Protection. This committee deals with safety requirements for the

protection of faces and eyes of persons exposed to hazards of

flying particles, dusts, splashing liquids, molten metals, vapors,

and harmful radiation. NSPB is also working on USASI Sectional Committee Z97 Safety Requirements for Architectural

Glazing Material, as well as on a project to revise Z26. 1-1950

Safety Code for Safety Glazing Materials for Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways. Projects completed include the

following USA Standards: All. 1-1965 Practice for Industrial

Lighting; A23. 1-1962 Guide for School Lighting; Z2.1-1959

Safety Code for Head, Eye, and Respiratory Protection; and

Z80. 1-1964 Prescription Requirements for First-Quality Glass

Ophthalmic Lenses.

NATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSORS ASSOCIATION, Robert G.

Houghtlin, President, 3818 Board of Trade Building, Chicago, Illi- nois 60604

Standardization of quantity and grades of soybean oil and soybean meal, and development of standard trading rules constitute

important activities of this Association. Upon the recommendations of its Soybean Oil Trading Rules Committee, the Association

adopted standard specifications for crude domestic soybean oil covering quality, grade, and methods of analysis. Standard specifications for crude, degummed, and once-refined soybean oil have

been developed for export use. In addition, its Meal Trading

Rules Committee served a similar purpose in providing standards

191
and trading rules for soybean meal.

The Association's Soybean Grades and Contracts Committee

cooperates with the U. S. Department of Agriculture in seeing that

fair and just grades for soybeans are established by the Department of Agriculture and other bodies so that equal protection is afforded to buyer and seller. NATIONAL SUPPLY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, Stanley Z. Selib, Executive Director, 320 Washington Street, Brookline, Massachusetts 02146

This Association, founded in 1938, is the trade association for

retailers in the plumbing, heating, building materials and allied

fields. NSAA is engaged in setting standards and specifications

for numerous items in the plumbing field for distribution to its retail member stores. In addition, the Association works closely

with manufacturers to provide them with statistical data for use in

establishing standards, and makes an effort, whenever possible, to cooperate with Federal agencies and the United States of America

Standards Institute in developing standards for products within

its area of interest.

The Association is also concerned with setting standards for

municipal plumbing codes to the end that there will be less divergence from locality to locality in the various plumbing and

building codes.

NATIONAL TERRAZZO AND MOSAIC ASSOCIATION, W. Kenneth Miller, Director of Architectural Services, 1420 New York

Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005

This Association is concerned with standardization of details

and the promulgation of specifications for terrazzo floors and

mosaics. Published standards, developed in collaboration with the

chemical and plastics industries, cover sand cushion, bonded strip,

monolithic, conductive hospital surgical floors, radiant heating,

and all precast items, such as stairs, bases, window sills, wainscots,

shower receptors and trench covers in portland cement terrazzo,

and in non-cementicious matrices for thin-set terrazzo. NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATION, Dr. James E. Perkins, Managing Director, 1790 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10019

Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis, last edition 1961, used worldwide in several languages, is produced

under supervision of the American Thoracic Society, Medical Section of the NTA. ATS also publishes standards for tuberculosis hospital administration, and guides on various aspects of

tuberculosis therapy.

The Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis is now undergoing a new edition which will probably not be available

until 1966.

NATIONAL WARM AIR HEATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING

ASSOCIATION, James M. Martin, Managing Director, 640 Engineers Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44114

A major function of this Association is the development of

standards for the design and installation of warm air heating and

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air-conditioning- systems. The standards which are established are based on a thorough research program in ducted air system investigation, both heating and coohng, sponsored by the Association at the Engineering Experiment Station of the University of Illinois. Standards data are published in practical, manual form, under

the direction of Manual Committees, for use by installing dealer- contractors. Manuals are revised consistently in keeping with the

development of the latest data.

Current manuals (1965) are: Manual 1, How to Make a Comfort

Survey (4th ed.); Manual 2, How to Check Frame House Construction (4th ed.); Manual 4, Installation Techniques For Perimeter

Heating and Cooling (9th ed.); Manual 5, Design and Installation

of Gravity Warm Air Heating System (5th ed.); Manual 6, Adjusting Air Conditioning Systems for Maximum Comfort (3rd

ed.); Manual 7A, Design and Installation of Warm Air Ceiling

Panel Systems (3rd ed.); Manual 8, Application Guide for Residential Central Air Conditioning Systems (Winter and Year-

'Round) (5th ed.); Manual 9, Design and Installation of Warm Air

Winter Air Conditioning Systems and Year-'Round Air Conditioning Systems (7th ed.); Manual 9-S, Perimeter Warm Air Heating

and Ventilating of Industrial, Commercial and Public Buildings

(1st ed.) ; Manual A, What Is Comfort Air Conditioning? (1st

ed.); Manual E, Room Air Distribution Considerations (1st ed.);

Manual G, Selection of Distribution System (1st ed.); Manual J, Load Calculation (2nd ed.); and Manual K, Equipment Selection

and System Design Procedures (1st ed.)

NATIONAL WATER WELL ASSOCIATION, Edward H. Martin,

Executive Secretary, 1201 Waukegan Road, Glenview, Illinois 60025

This is a national trade association consisting of water well

contractors, manufacturers, water equipment wholesalers and suppliers, and technical personnel interested in the problems of

locating, developing, and^ using underground water supplies.

Objectives of the Association are to assist, promote, encourage,

and support the interests and welfare of the water well industry

in all of its phases; to foster, aid, and promote scientific education,

standards, research, and techniques of well construction and development, and to advance the science of ground water hydrology.

The Association, in cooperation with the American Water Works

Association, has developed a ''Standard for Deep Well" publication

and a 12-point ''Code of Ethical Practice."

NATIONAL WHEEL AND RIM ASSOCIATION, Edward D.

Meeker, Executive Director, 1444 Home Street, Jacksonville, Florida

32207

This Association, founded in 1924, is concerned with standardization as regards the proper rebore limits for passenger car and

heavy duty brake drums.

Until 1952 there was no established and acceptable safety rebore

limit for automotive brake drums, with the result that many were

rebored beyond safe limits. In 1953 the Association accepted the

responsibility for promoting a specific rebore limit of .060, cover- ing all passenger car drums. This limit was established as a

result of tests by the Automobile Manufacturers Association.

193
This program, identified as The 0! Six! 0! Program (.060), has

since become an industry accepted standard.

In 1965 the Association published a recommended rebore limit

for truck, bus and trailer brake drums which provided for a rebore

limit of .080, and is known as The Oh ! Eight ! Oh ! Program. This

new limit was a result of studies made by a joint task force of the

Automobile Manufacturers Association and the Truck-Trailer

Manufacturers Association. This standard as well is almost

completely accepted by the automotive industry.

NATIONAL WHOLESALE HARDWARE ASSOCIATION, Thomas

A. Fernley, Jr., Managing Director, 1900 Arch Street, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania 19103

This organization of wholesale distributors has cooperated with

other units of industry in the establishment of Simplified Practice

Recommendations covering standard sizes and varieties of sheet

steel, flashlight cases, insecticide and fungicide packages, hacksaw

blades, shovels, spades, scoops, loaded paper shot shells, terneplate,

and eaves trough and conductor pipe, which were published by the

National Bureau of Standards. It initiated the movements which

resulted in the formulation of the Simplified Practice Recommendations for the last three projects enumerated above, the latter two

in conjunction with its affiilate, the National Association of Sheet

Metal Distributors.

NATIONAL WOODEN PALLET MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, William H. Sardo, Jr., Executive Vice President, 1619 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

This Association, founded in 1947, consists of manufacturers

and distributors of wooden pallet and pallet container products

used for handling, warehousing, and transporting goods. The

Association publishes standard specifications covering the con- struction of hardwood, softwood, and plywood pallets. These

standards provide minimum requirements for a series of nine

quality grades covering various wooden pallets.

NATIONAL WOODWORK MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

James E. Nolan, Secretary-Manager, 400 West Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60606

This Association has taken an active interest in the standardization of commodities in its industry. It was sponsor of the following standards published by the National Bureau of Standards:

Commercial Standard CS120-58 for Ponderosa Pine Doors;

CS171-58 for Hardwood Veneered Flush Doors; CS163-64 for

Ponderosa Pine Windows, Sash, and Screens; CS190-64 for Double-Hung Wood Window Units; CS204-64 for Wood Awning

Window Units; CS205-64 for Wood Casement Window Units;

CS208-57 for Wood Door and Window Frames; CS262-63 for

Preservative Treatment for Millwork: CS264-64 and 265-64 for

Horizontal Wood Window Units; and CS266-64 for Single Hung

Wood Window Units.

194
NATURAL GAS PROCESSORS ASSOCIATION, Carl Sutton,

Secretary, 429 Kennedy Building, Tiflsa, Oklahoma 74103

This Association (formerly the Natural Gasoline Association of

America) was founded in 1921 to develop standard tests and specifications for casinghead gasoline. Specifications, particularly

for vapor pressure, were established that are still referred to in

casinghead contracts written today. Later, tests to determine the

gasoline content of natural gas were developed.

In recent years, the Association's interest has been chiefly in the

field of LP-Gas (propane and butane) and natural gas. Vapor

pressure and composition specifications have been established for

LP-Gas, and analytical procedures, contaminant tests, and

approved loading techniques have been developed for LP-Gas and

for natural gas. Many of these tests and specifications have been

accepted and published by the American Society for Testing and

Materials.

NEW ENGLAND SHOE AND LEATHER ASSOCIATION, Maxwell

Field, Executive Vice President, 210 Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111

The New England Shoe and Leather Association has undertaken

a major program to develop shoe last standardization for the

Industry. Cooperating in this endeavor are shoe manufacturers

and officers and members of the Last Manufacturers Association.

This project covers standardization of both terminology and

measurements of lasts, and will benefit the shoe manufacturer, the

last manufacturer and the consumer. Shoe machine manufacturers will benefit from standardized measurements by knowing automiatically the location of the various parts of the shoe on the last. Terminology for last parts in the men's and women's shoe segment of the New England Shoe and Leather Association membership has been agreed upon. . The same agreement has been reached

by the Last Manufacturers Association. Much of this terminology

is the same in the children's and infant's last field. NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING EXECUTIVES ASSOCIATION,

Robert C. Pace, Secretary-Treasurer, 425 North Vermilion, Danville,

Illinois 61834

This Association, founded in 1911, is a professional organization

of daily newspaper advertising executives. In the interest of stan- dardization and to reduce the details of checking measurements

and billing on the part of newspapers, agencies and advertisers,

the Association, together Avith the American Association of Advertising Agencies, proposed that a Resolution on Mat Shrinkage be

adopted among newspapers and be inserted in rate cards. This

Resolution, adopted on June 12, 1946, states that ''the advertiser

and or agency shall designate the width in colum_ns and exact

depth, in which case the newspaper agrees to publish and bill advertisement in exact space ordered; measurements to be from

cut-off rule to cut-off rule. Where ads are positioned at the bottom

of the page a dash or dot may be substituted for the cut-off rule to designate the true bottom of typed page."

195
The Association also cooperated with the American Association

of Advertising Agencies by recommending to its own membership

the adoption of "Directions for Preparing Standard Form of Rate

Card for Newspapers" and ''Recommended Breakdowns for

Consumer Media Data."

OPTICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Charles F. Oddy,

Secretary-Treasurer, 30 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

The Association has developed and makes available ''DMA

Marking Standards." These standards cover the marking and

stamping of optical frames and mountings made in whole or in

part of gold. The Association has worked out methods for marking temple lengths and measuring frame and lens sizes, and has

adopted screw standards for ophthalmic frames. The Association was active in the United States of America Standards Institute

program covering quality standards for opthalmic lenses.

OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, Mary E. Warga, Executive

Secretary, 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

The standardization and specification work of this Society is handled largely by technical committees which have published

reports in the Society's journal on visual sensitometry ; colorimetry; photometry; standard wavelengths; nomenclature and

standards; photographic standards of intensity; geometrical,

physiological, and physical optics; photochemistry and photography ; radiometry ; and spectrophotometry. The latest and most

elaborate of these technical reports appeared as a book, "The

Science of Color," published in 1953 by Thomas V. Crowell Co., for

the Colorimetry Committee of the Optical Society of America, and

in 1963 by the Optical Society of America.

In addition, the Society cooperates with other technical organizations in standardization and specifications within the various

branches of optics. The society cooperates actively with the Inter- national Commission for Optics and the International Commission

on Illumination. It cooperates extensively with the United States

of America Standards Institute, serving as sponsor for the USASI

Sectional Committee on Optics, and having representatives on the

USASI Photographic Standards Board and on seven USASI sec- tional committees in photography, motion pictures, safety glass,

and ophthalmic lenses. The Society also maintains representation on boards or committees of the American Institute of Physics, the

National Research Council, the American Association for the

Advancement of Science, and the Intersociety Color Council.

OUTDOOR POWER EQUIPMENT INSTITUTE, Harold K. Howe,

Executive Secretary, 734 15th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20005

The Institute is sponsor of a United States of America Standards Institute project for the development of Safety Standards

for Lawn Mowers as well as engineering specifcations and safe

design recommendations designated as B71. 1-1964.

196
OYSTER INSTITUTE OF NORTH AMERICA, Mrs. David H.

Wallace, Director, 22 Main Street, Sayville, L. I., New York 11782

This Institute, founded in 1908, is composed of shellfish growers,

dealers, transporters and suppliers to the industry. It works with

government agencies in matters of legislation, sanitation stan- dards, controls and conservation. At approximately two-year

intervals the Institute, in cooperation with the Public Health Service, sponsors National Shellfish Sanitation Workshops. At these

meetings. Public Health Service personnel in the Environmental

Engineering and Food Protection Division, work with industry

members to formulate or modify bacterial standards for the meats

of both oysters and clams, for growing waters, and for the

processing of the species.

Each State has its individual standards set by the State Health

Department. However, they must meet the standards set by the

cooperative Public Health Service-Industry agreements to move

into interstate commerce. PACKAGING MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS INSTITUTE,

Leif Oxaal, Executive Director, 60 East 42nd Street, Suite 863, New

York N. Y. 10017

This Institute is concerned primarily with technical phases of

packaging by automatic equipment, through the exchange of interindustry information. Working through several committees, the

Institute engages in work leading to simplification and standardization. It cooperates with all organizations concerned with packaging techniques and packaging problems and works with trade

associations in the electrical, metalworking and packaging materials industries.

PAINTING AND DECORATING CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA,

Ed S. Torrence, Secretary, 2625 West Peterson Avenue, Chicago,

Illinois 60645

One of the stated objects of this organization is its efforts to protect members and the general public by endeavoring to maintain high standards of workmanship in the painting, decorating,

drywall and coatings industries.

The association maintains a Specifications Committee whose

purpose is to make studies in connection with the development of

standards and specifications relating to painting, decorating, drywall and coatings. This committee has prepared standard specifications as a basis for the proper use and application of material

used by the industry. The specifications are most complete and are

revised constantly.

The association also promotes and maintains an Apprenticeship Training Committee which prepares, in conjunction with

the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers, a standard course of training for all industry apprentices.

In cooperation with the National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer

Association and the Brotherhood of Painters, the association holds

regional journeymen training seminars wherein journeymen learn

first hand of the many new materials and methods of application

available to the industry. These workshops are built around the

subject ''Learn More So That You May Earn More."

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PAPER CUP AND CONTAINER INSTITUTE, Robert W. Foster,

Executive Director, 250 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

Membership in the Institute consists of manufacturers of round,

nested, paper cups and containers. Shortly after the Institute was

established in 1933 a Standards Committee was formed to develop

recommended standards for the important factors involving the

physical specifications of the finished products. The purposes of

these recommended standards were: (1) to guide the industry in

the manufacture of cups and containers that conform with the

intent and spirit of various laws and codes, (2) to discourage the

production of types and sizes of cups and containers that did not

conform to the weights and measures regulations and thus injure

the reputation of the industry, and (3) to promote dimensional

uniformity for their operation in packaging, filling, capping and

vending equipment.

In 1941 the National Conference on Weights and Measures

adopted a code for measure containers which included the round,

nested, paper container. These containers are used as a measure

container under this code for the packaging of products such as ice

cream, frozen desserts, cottage cheese, sour cream, yogurt and

similar commodities when sold by liquid measure. The tolerances

established by the measure container code are necessarily stringent

and are met by the manufacturers in this industry. The Standards Committee of the Institute, on invitation, served as an

advisor and consultant to the National Bureau of Standards which

developed this code for National Conference approval.

The Institute Standards Committee, along with other private

and public organizations, has helped develop certain sanitation

standards which are guides used by the manufacturers of paperboard containers for the packaging of liquid and fatty foods. The

Microbiological and Biochemical Center of Syracuse University

Research Corporation, in cooperation with Federal, State and local

public health agencies, in 1947 published these standards in a Manual of Sanitation Standards of Certain Products of Paper,

Paperboard and Molded Pulp. This Manual was revised late in

1964 and continues to be a guide which is used as a minimum

sanitation standard for the cup and container industry represented

by the Institute.

PERLITE INSTITUTE, Richard E. Barnes, Managing Director, 45

West 45th Street, New York, N. Y. 10036

A national and international, nonprofit trade association, this

Institute sponsors research leading to standardization of specifications and methods of testing perlite and perlite products. The

Institute collects data, initiates and correlates research, and develops specifications and test methods. It cooperates closely with

technical and engineering societies, other trade associations, and

Government agencies interested in standards.

The Institute publishes "Test Methods and Related Standards"

containing test methods for evaluating quality of expanded perlite,

and ASTM Specifications applicable to perlite. It also publishes

standards for perlite products used in the building, industrial, and

horticultural industries.

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PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Austin

Smith, M. D., President, C. Joseph Stetler, Executive Vice President

and General Counsel, 1155 Fifteenth Street, N.W., Washington,

D. C. 20005

This Association was composed in 1958 of the drug manufacturers formerly belonging to the American Drug Manufacturers

Association and the American Pharmaceutical Manufacturers

Association. Scientists of member firms constitute committees

which work with the United States Pharmacopoeia and the

National Formulary in developing methods of analysis and stan- dards for drugs used by the medical and allied professions. These

Association committees also cooperate with the Food and Drug

Administration, the National Institute of Health, the Bureau of

Narcotics, and other agencies of the Federal Government.

Among other things, the Association encourages high standards

of potency, quality, and purity for pharmaceutical and biological

products intended for use by the medical and allied professions in

the cure, mitigation, treatment, prevention or diagnosis of disease;

it assists appropriate scientific and governmental agencies in the

establishment of scientific and technical standards for such products. It encourages research in the development of new and better

medicinal products and better facilities and methods for the pharmacological and clinical evaluation of medicinal products. It urges efficiency, safety, and better methods in the manufacture,

maintenance, packaging, and transportation of medicinal products.

It promotes the enactment of uniform and reasonable drug legislation for the protection of public health, and cooperates with

regulatory agencies in the reasonable enforcement of such legislation. It disseminates information on governmental regulations

and policies and on other subjects of interest to the pharmaceutical

industry, and encourages and promotes the development of scientific and technological skills useful in the discovery, evaluation, and

production of pharmaceutical and biological products for the cure, mitigation, treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease. It cooperates in all lawful ways with professional associations in the

health field, other industries, and government authorities in the

advancement of medical science, the improvement of public health

and the advancement of the pharmaceutical industry.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA, Randolph Wright, Jr., Executive Secretary. 2005 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

19103

The Society is a nonprofit organization, international in scope, and devoted to the advancement of photography in all its manifestations. The broad interests of PSA members include a wealth of

experience in the manufacture, technology, application, and uses of

photographic products of all types. Through its Standards Committee, the diverse viewpoints represented are organized to assist

in the formulation of standards. The Society is a member of the

United States of America Standards Institute and has representatives in all of the sectional committees on photography, as well as on the Photographic Standards Board. Every effort is made to

select representatives who are technically competent and genuinely

interested. Each representative is instructed to ascertain the

199
feelings and attitudes of the Society on important questions of

standardization before casting his ballot. The PSA Standards Committee also aids in the formulation of

other useful standards involving such photographic activities as

exhibitions, proper lighting of pictures, definitions of terms, and

other regulations which contribute to the success of amateur

photographic events. PIPE FABRICATION INSTITUTE, N. F. Young, Executive

Secretary, 992 Perry Highway, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15237

The standardization program of this Institute functions through

its engineering and metallurgical committees. The standards and

technical bulletins emanating from these committees cover the

design, fabrication and erection of industrial and high pressurehigh temperature piping to meet the most exacting requirements

of power plant piping. Through its members, the Institute

is officially represented on various code bodies and national

engineering societies.

PIPE LINE CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION, Richard A. Gump,

Executive Secretary, 2800 Republic National Bank Building, Dallas,

Texas 75201

This Association was organized in the fall of 1947 to serve as a medium for the exchange of information among contractors

engaged in the main-line pipe line construction industry. Its purposes are: (1) To make membership in the Association a reasonable assurance to the public of the skill, integrity and responsibility

of its members; (2) to maintain the standards of the pipe line

contracting business at the level necessitated by its quasiprofessional character and to establish members of the Association

in the public mind as contractors to fulfill obligations in good

faith; (3) to promote more cordial and cooperative relations

among pipe line contractors and between those with whom they

deal or have contact; (4) to encourage efficiency among pipe line

contractors and their employees; (5) to seek correction of injurious, discriminatory or unfair business methods practiced by or against pipe line contractors; and (6) to eliminate as far as possible the occurrence of injury or death to pipe line contracting employees.

Representatives of the Association serve on a Joint Committee

which has published a Standard for Welding Pipe Lines and

Related Facilities. Representatives of the Association also work

with other committees of the American Petroleum Institute

and the American Gas Association in an effort to prepare a recommended form of contract and specifications for pipe line

construction work.

PORCELAIN ENAMEL INSTITUTE, John C. Oliver, Managing

Director, 1900 L Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

This Institute acts in the capacity of coordinator between stan- dardizing agencies such as the Product Standards Section,

National Bureau of Standards; Building Research Advisory

Board; American Society for Testing and Materials; Department

of Defense; General Services Administration; and appropriate

200
divisions of manufacturers and suppliers of the porcelain

enameling industry.

Highlights of past accomplishments in this field include the

following: development of Product Standard PS5-66 Porcelain

Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing Fixtures, and Commercial Standard CS115-60 for Glass-Lined Domestic Hot Water Tanks; cooperating with a recent Building Research Advisory Board study of

plumbing fixtures; development of approximately ten ASTM Test

Methods pertaining to porcelain enamel; and continuous editing

and revision of Military and Federal Specifications on products

which are finished in porcelain enamel.

In addition to the above standardization work, the organization

maintains two full-time Research Associates at the National

Bureau of Standards specializing in development of new test methods.

The Institute also cooperates with individual divisions of the

industry in preparing and publishing specifications for various

porcelain enamel products.

POWDER ACTUATED TOOL MANUFACTURING INSTITUTE,

Alvin G. Lane, Executive Director, 200 College Street, New Haven,

Connecticut 06510

The Institute has prepared a proposed Uniform State Code

Relating to Powder Actuated Tools Using Studs, Pins and Fasteners, to serve as a guide to State and other agencies in the issuance

of regulations covering the use, operation, and application of

powder actuated tools. A powder actuated tool is a tool which by means of a powder

load propels or discharges a stud, pin, or fastener for the purpose

of impinging it upon, affixing it to, or penetrating another

object or material. It is used mainly in construction and plant

maintenance.

A basic feature of the recommended Uniform State Code (which

provides for two classifications of the tools, i.e., conventional type

and low velocity, piston type) is the provision for training and

qualifying powder actuated tool operators. An operator becomes

qualified upon successful completion of a prescribed training course and written examination and is issued a card attesting to

this training. The Code proposes that no worker be permitted to use the tool without such a card and provides for revocation of the

card if the operator fails to comply with the rules for safe

operation. The Code also provides for minimum safety design

requirements recommended for both classifications of tools. PRECISION POTENTIOMETER MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, R. E. Pritchard, Executive Secretary, 3525 Peterson Road,

Chicago, Illinois 60645

Manufacturers in this trade association produce precision

potentiometers and trimmers. A standard nomenclature for

wirewound and high resolution potentiometers is available from

PPMA. In addition, incoming inspection standards are available

covering wirewound precision potentiometers. A similar stan- dard is presently being developed for high resolution precision

potentiometers.

201
PRESSURE SENSITIVE TAPE COUNCIL, Richard G. Breeden, Jr., Secretary-Manager, 1201 Waukegan Road, Glenview, Illinois 60025

The Council's Technical Committee has developed a series of

recommended 'Test Procedures" for determining the various characteristics of pressure sensitive tape such as adhesion, tensile

strength, thickness, etc. In addition, it has available laboratory

test apparatus for the testing of pressure sensitive materials. The

Council publishes an annual ''Directory" of all American tape

products indicating their principal use and characteristics. It also

maintains liaison with Government agencies interested in pressure

sensitive tapes.

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INSTITUTE, Russell J. Hammersmith, Technical Director, 205 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606

This Institute, through the activities of its technical and administrative committees, provides standards for the prestressed

concrete industry in material, design, and construction specifications ; standardized sections ; and quality control.

Before the nationally recognized ACT Building Code included a chapter on prestressed concrete in 1963, the Prestressed Concrete

Institute published several specifications for industry guidance.

"Specifications for Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete (Tentative)" was published in November 1954 and revised in 1957.

"Specifications for Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete" was published in February 1958. "PCI Standard Building Code for Prestressed Concrete (Tentative)" was published in November 1959

and revised in 1961.

In collaboration with the American Association of State Highway Officials, joint AASHO-PCI Standards have been published

covering the following: (1) Standard Prestressed Concrete Beams

for Highway Bridge Spans 30 to 100 Feet; (2) Standard Prestressed Concrete Box Beams for Highway Bridge Spans to 103

Feet; (3) Standard Prestressed Concrete Slabs for Highway

Bridge Spans up to 55 Feet; (4) Standard Prestressed Concrete

Piles 10'', 12'', 14", 16", 18", 20", 22", and 24" Square; and (5)

Standard Prestressed Concrete Piles 10", 12", 14", 16", 18", 20",

22", and 24" Octagonal.

Other published standards include: (1) the joint AASHO-PCI

inspection manual, "Manual for Inspection of Prestressed Concrete"; (2) the PCI standard, "Prestressed Concrete Channel Girders"; (3) "PCI Standard for Prestressed Concrete Plants"; and

(4) the PCI procedure, "Tentative Recommended Practices for

Grouting Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete."

PULVERIZED LIMESTONE ASSOCIATION, David L. Shank,

Secretary-Treasurer, 325 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, N.Y. 14202

This Association is composed of companies engaged in manufacturing and selling pulverized limestone products of a minimum

fineness of 97 percent, passing through a 325 mesh screen. One of

the objects of this organization is to develop high and uniform

standards that can be usefully adapted by manufacturers and users

of pulverized limestone.

202
The Association sponsors Research Projects for the use of pulverized limestone in the manufacture of paper, plastics, rubber,

paints, floor coverings and other useful applications as an inert

filler material.

RACK MANUFACTURER'S INSTITUTE, L. West Shea, Managing

Director, 250 Gateway Towers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222

This Institute consists of a group of 16 firms located throughout

the country which are engaged in the design and manufacture for

sale of storage racks.

RMI has been active for many years in the area of standardization within its industry. Its published standards include a Standard Nomenclature for Pallet Stacking Frames, Nomenclature for

Drive-in and Drive-thru Pallet Racks, Standard Nomenclature for

Pallet Racks, and Minimum Engineering Standards for Industrial

Steel Storage Racks.

RAILWAY TIE ASSOCIATION, R. M. Hamilton, Secretary, 1373

Grandview Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43212

Several of the main objects of this Association are with refer- ence to standardization of cross ties, collection and dissemination

of statistics concerning cross ties, proper methods and practices in

preventing forest fires, and preservation and conservation of

forests and forest products in the several States of the Union.

Through work of its Committee on Specifications and Inspection, the Association at its annual meeting in July 1946 adopted

specifications for cross and switch ties, and specifications for nar- row-gage cross ties and switch ties. This Association is continuing its efforts in developing additional standards for the products

of the industry which it represents.

RAILWAY WHEEL ASSOCIATION, R. L. Wilson, President, 445

North Sacramento Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60612

This Association, organized in 1908, includes in its membership

every commercial manufacturer of cast iron and cast steel car wheels in the United States and Canada.

The functions of this organization are divided into several primary responsibilities relative to cast car wheels, namely, research

related to improvements in chemical, physical, and metallurgical

properties of material; inspection and quality control of the manufactured product and the standardization of specifications and

inspection methods; and standardization of wheel design.

The Association maintains several standing committees dealing

with research projects, wheel design, and specifications. It also

cooperates with technical committees of the Association of American Railroads and the American Society for Testing and Materials on standardization matters relating to methods of testing, theory

and practice of mounting railroad wheels on axles, and wheel

design.

The Association has issued a ''Manual of Inspection" to its members, which includes a code of practice covering specifications

relative to pouring, annealing, and testing; recommended practices

with respect to inspection for the purpose of eliminating any

208
product which has been found to be imperfect or undesirable;

instructions covering association standard forms; and specifications of the Association of American Railroads for cast wheels

for locomotives, tenders, and cars. RECORD INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, Henry Brier,

Executive Secretary, One East 57th Street, New York, N. Y. 10022

During 1957 and 1958 the Association adopted frequency

response standards and dimensional standards for all types of disk

phonograph records intended for home use. Although disk

records had been marketed in large quantities since the beginning

of the century, this was the first time that recording and manufacturing standards had been codified and adopted by all leading

companies. Subsequently, standards for stereophonic disk rec- ords, the newest product of the industry, were similarly adopted.

In addition to its work with disk records, the Association has also

adopted magnetic tape standards.

RED CEDAR SHINGLE AND HANDSPLIT SHAKE BUREAU,

Virgil G. Peterson, Secretary-Manager, 5510 White Building, Seattle,

Washington 98101

At the request of this Bureau, a general conference of representative manufacturers, distributors, and users of red cedar shingles was called in 1931 under the auspices of the Np^"^or.pl 'R^^^^r^^^^ of

Standards, following which there was adopted a Commercial Standard for this commodity. At the requesi oi intere^iea gruups*, tiie standard was later revised to include California redwood and tidewater red cypress shingles, and issued as Commercial Standard CS31-33 for Wood Shingles. This standard, which was

revised in 1938 and 1952, covers No. 1 grade shingles, and was

accepted and approved for publication by the National Bureau of

Standards.

In order that interest might be increased in the manufacture,

sale, and use of high-grade shingles, and consumers protected on

the basis of quality, the Red Cedar Shingle and Handsplit Shake

Bureau inaugurated a certification program. In accordance with

this program, the Bureau developed a quality label which manufacturers place on bundles of No. 1 grade red cedar shingles with a statement of guarantee that the shingles meet all the quality

requirements of the commercial standard. In addition, the Bureau

maintains a corps of trained inspectors who visit the plants at frequent, unannounced intervals to check on the quality of shingles. Failure on the part of producers to comply with the requirements of the Commercial Standard results in loss of the right to use the labels until satisfactory adjustment has been made. Labels

are also issued and placed on bundles of shingles for No. 2 and No.

3 grades which are indicated in plain figures on the labels, and

carry statements that the shingles are guaranteed to meet all quality requirements of the respective grades, as shown in current

grading and packing rules of the Red Cedar Shingle and Handsplit

Shake Bureau.

In 1955, at the request of this Bureau, similar standards were drawn up for machine-grooved red cedar shakes and rebutted204
rejointed red cedar shingles, designated as CS199-55. These two

products are derived from red cedar shingles, and are used for

exterior walls of buildings. A similar grademarking and certifi- cation program is followed as in the case of red cedar shingles,

described above.

REDWOOD INSPECTION SERVICE, Philip T. Farnsworth, Secre- tary-Treasurer, 617 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California

94111

In 1961, the Redwood Inspection Service was incorporated as a nonprofit organization for the primary purpose of establishing

uniform grades of redwood lumber, preparation and distribution

of educational information and publications, consultation with

governmental agencies concerning grades and grading of redwood

lumber, and supervision of grades and grading of redwood and

other species of lumber.

The Service is the rules-promulgating agency for the redwoodsoftwood lumber industry, and its membership includes some 90

percent of redwood production, the number of members varying

between 38 and 45. The rules are suggested by a Grading Committee and authorized by an eleven-member Board of Directors. The

Seivice has in this manner adopted standard specifications for

grades, sizes, patterns and grade marks for redwood lumber, planing mill products, special purpose uses including tank stock, sta- dium seat stock, irrigation material, foundation sills, structural

grades, structural glue laminating grades and miscellaneous products including railroad ties, shingles, cooling tower material and

handsplit and resawn shakes. It has also adopted official grade

marks and shingle and shake labels signifying that products

marked or accompanied by a label have been graded in accordance

with standard specifications of the Redwood Inspection Service.

These marks or labels are applied by qualified graders of member

companies or by cooperating grading agencies operating within a

relationship established by the American Lumber Standards

Committee.

The Service cooperates with other lumber organizations and

with the American Lumber Standards Committee in keeping

current the American Lumber Standards set forth in Simplified

Practice Recommendation R16. The Service's grading rules for

redwood lumber are in accordance with these standards and

approved by ALSC.

REFRIGERATING ENGINEERS AND TECHNICIANS ASSOCIATION, Emmett T. Quinn, Executive Secretary, 312 San Antonio

Road, Arcadia, California 91006

This is an educational, nonprofit association, concerned with

furthering the knowledge and training of its members in all phases

of air conditioning and refrigeration. There are 40 chapters in

the United States conducting air conditioning and refrigeration

courses, together with members at large, both United States and

foreign.

The Association cooperates in the standardizing activities of

other organizations in the refrigeration field, notably the United

205
states of America Standards Institute. By its representation on USASI sectional committees such as Sectional Committee B53 on

Refrigeration Nomenclature, it cooperated in the establishment of

several USA Standard Codes.

Besides textbooks and educational literature, members receive

the official organ, ''RETA Breeze," bimonthly. The Association's

textbooks, speaker programs, etc., include presentations on stan- dardization activities, on safety and welfare codes.

RESISTANCE WELDER MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, R.

Bruce Wall, Secretary, 1900 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

19103

The development of standards and specifications of this Association is by the Technical Committee, assisted and advised by

various subcommittees. RWMA has developed specifications for

resistance welding machine: Spot, press, portable, seam, upset

butt, flashbutt, etc. Standard classification of resistance welding electrode alloys has

been developed, stating the minimum permissible physical and

electrical qualities. Trade names and numbers are identified and

classified.

Standards have been developed for spot welding electrode holders, welding electrodes (spot and seam); together with recom- mended electrode alloys for spot welding of similar and dissimilar

metal combinations.

Standard nomenclature and definitions on resistance welding

equipment and techniques have been developed. Cooperation of

RWMA has assisted in development of National Electric Manufacturers Association standards on Resistance Welding Controls.

RICE MILLERS' ASSOCIATION, J. P. Gaines, Executive Vice

President, 1048 Pennsylvania Building, Washington, D. C. 20004

This Association establishes standard contract terms and conditions for trade in rice and rice products. It prescribes standard

forms of sales contracts for use in rice trade in the United States,

Puerto Rico and export markets. The Association has adopted and

uses grade and quality standards for rice of the U. S. Department

of Agriculture.

RLM STANDARDS INSTITUTE, J. R. Chambers, President, P. O.

Box 754, Meriden, Connecticut 06450

The RLM concept was born in 1919, when a group of lighting

manufacturers met with two important, basic objectives: (1) to establish high standards for the design and construction of industrial lighting units; and (2) to simplify the selection of proper

equipment by specifiers, dealers and users. Reorganized as the

RLM Standards Institute in 1936, this Specification and Certification Program is the oldest of its kind in the lighting industry.

The Institute is a nonprofit organization sponsored by leading

lighting equipment manufacturers who, through elected trustees and a Technical Committee, establish quality specifications for

industrial lighting. Basic objectives of the Institute as stated in

the Articles of Incorporation are: (1) To make, or cause to be

206
made, and to supervise tests, investigations, experiments and

inspections in connection with the manufacture and marketing of

hghting equipment, lighting fixtures and pertinent accessories; (2)

to formulate, administer and disseminate specifications of stan- dards in design, construction, composition, finish, performance and

service of lighting equipment, and to secure compliance with such

specifications on the part of the participating manufacturers in the

RLM Standards Institute; (3) to issue publications, bulletins,

labels, and other printed matter in order to properly inform the

public and all others using, specifying, installing or distributing

lighting equipment about sucli tests, investigations, experiments

and inspections; and (4) to promote and encourage in the public

mind, by publicity, a keener interest in the advantages of modern

lighting equipment.

To date, the Institute has published nineteen standards covering

fluorescent, incandescent, and mercury lighting units, fluorescent

lighting components, and inspection and test procedures for incandescent and fluorescent lighting units.

ROOF DRAINAGE MANUFACTURERS INSTITUTE, S. M. Van

Kirk, Managing Director, 22 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603

The standardization and simplification activities of this Institute are carried on by its Technical and Research Committees. The

work of these committees in recent years has dealt with the development of a Commercial Standard in lieu of Simplified Practice

Recommendations. Commercial Standard CS244-62 Roof Drainage Products, is now under revision and will be released with

modifications in the near future.

RUBBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Charles C. Miller,

Secretary, 444 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022

The Technical Committees of this organization's several product

groups collaborate with Federal, State and municipal agencies,

domestic and foreign associations, and individual commercial

users in the development of new or improved specifications for all kinds of rubber products. Emphasis is placed on the practicality

of physical requirements and minimization of sizes and types of

products, endeavoring to achieve the utmost simplification of sizes

and types, with greatest potential economic benefit to producers,

wholesalers, retailers, and consumers in processing, distribution,

and inventory costs. Most efl[icient use of raw materials and labor

also is an objective.

Products covered by these standardization activities are many

and varied, and include both military and civilian requirements.

Typical are motor vehicle and agricultural tires; transmission,

conveyor and elevator belts; suction, discharge, air, steam, gasoline

and fire hose; rubber-covered rolls; molded and extruded rubber

products; sheet packing, mats and matting; 0-rings and shaft

seals; rubber protective and rubber-and-canvas footwear; druggists' sundries; surgical, hospital, and industrial rubber gloves,

tubing, sheeting, and other items; sponge rubber and foam latex

mattresses, pillows, cushions, furniture upholstery, carpet and rug

207
underlays; rubber heels, soling materials, and other rubber shoe

products; vinyl and rubber tile, sheet flooring and cove base;

natural-rubber-type descriptions; and standard samples.

RUBBER RECLAIMERS ASSOCIATION, C. T. Jansen, Secretary, 101 West 31st Street, New York, N. Y. 10001

The Association publishes specifications on scrap rubber. These

deal with grading, sorting, packing, and shipping and are designed

to protect both the scrap-rubber supplier and the reclaimer. These

specifications are used throughout the United States and Canada

as well as in many foreign countries. The Association also

publishes uniform conditions for the testing of reclaimed rubber.

SAFE MANUFACTURERS NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, David

Laine, Executive Secretary, 366 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Association has formulated and adopted specifications for

fire-insulated safes, fire-insulated cabinets, fire-insulated filing

devices, fire-insulated vault doors, file-storage-room doors,

burglary-resistive chests, and robbery-resistive containers. The

test requirements for fire-insulated safes are essentially identical to those which have been established by the National Bureau of

Standards and Underwriters' Laboratories.

To safeguard the public against unwarranted claims as to the

fire resistance and/or burglary resistance of products of the fire- resistive safe industry, members of the Association use labels on

their products. The label on a fire-insulated product is a certifi- cation by the manufacturer that the design has been shown by test to comply with the specification and rating indicated on the label,

and that the product has been shown by the manufacturer's inspection-in-course-of-manufacture to warrant the label attached

thereto. Fire-resistance ratings are stated as the number of hours

that the product was subjected to American standard timetemperature curve conditions, in a furnace, without failure. The

label on a burglary or robbery-resistive product indicates compli- ance with the SMNA construction specification for the type

(group) indicated on the label. SALT INSTITUTE, Frank J. Madden, Managing Director, 33 North

La Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60602

In the early 1920's, salt could be purchased in packages of many

sizes; but in 1927, this organization, at the invitation of the U. S. Department of Commerce, recommended a list of salt packages

which could be eliminated and Simplified Practice Recommendation R70 was issued on April 13, 1927. Since then, the list of

recommended packages has been revised several times with the

result that subsequent editions of R70 were issued in 1941, 1942,

1946, and 1954. A separate list of packages applicable to the

Pacific coast appeared in R70-41 for the first time.

Although the number of packages available to the public has at

all times been entirely adequate to take care of needs, it has been

reduced considerably over a period of time. By way of illustration, at the time the first Standardization Committee of this organ208
ization went to work on the problem of decreasing the number of

packages, there were 18 sizes. Now they are available only in 5-lb. and 10-lb. sizes of rock, high grade (popcorn), and table salt. Similarly, the sizes of square cartons (8, running from 1 lb. to 5

lb.) have been reduced to 2; the number of large sizes of bags of cotton and burlap (15, running from 25 lb. to 224 lb.) has been

decreased considerably, the heavy-to-handle sizes, in particular,

being eliminated; barrels in 280-lb. and 320-lb. sizes have been

dropped entirely, etc. On the other hand, packages which have become necessary over

the years have been added; for example, paper bags for pressed

water-softener salt and mineralized salt. SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS MAKERS ASSOCIATION, Kenneth

Andersen, Executive Vice President, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606

Long active in the field of technical standardization, this organization has published 21 recommended standards covering process

control instrumentation, temperature measurement, load cells, rubber and plastic tubing, cords and plugs for electrical instruments, and instrument nameplate dimensions. Technical stan- dards are prepared in accordance with ''Standards Procedure for

Use in Establishing SAMA Standards."

Considerable assistance is given to the Department of Defense

and General Services Administration in preparing and revising

purchase specifications for all kinds of laboratory apparatus and

instruments.

The Association sponsors United States of America Standards

Institute Sectional Committee ClOO, Electrical Reference Instru- ments and Devices. It participates in many other standardization

projects of USASI (including those of the International Organization for Standardization) through official representation on Boards and Committees. It cooperates in similar fashion on stan- dardization projects of the Instrument Society of America,

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society for

Testing and Materials, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers, American Petroleum Institute, National Bureau of

Standards, and National Conference of Standards Laboratories.

A recommended standard identification and location of instrument and control connections for power boilers was developed

jointly with the American Boiler Manufacturers Association.

SCREEN MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, George M. Schlosser,

Executive Secretary and General Counsel, 110 North Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

This is a trade association composed of prime manufacturers of screens such as metal frame window screens, porch screens, patio

screens, swimming pool screens, and screen doors.

The Association developed and proposed to the Commodity

Standards Division (now Product Standards Section), National

Bureau of Standards, suggested Commercial Standards for Aluminum Tubular Frame Screens and for Aluminum Tension Window

Screens. These proposals resulted in the ultimate publication of

209
Commercial Standards CS240-61 for Aluminum Tubular Frame

Screens and CS241-61 for Aluminum Tension Window Screens.

The Association continues to work with the National Bureau of

Standards regarding certain proposed amendments to CS240-61.

The Screen Manufacturers Association has also developed and

published Specifications for Aluminum Sliding Screen Doors.

SOAP AND DETERGENT ASSOCIATION, Robert C. Singer, Public

Relations Director, 295 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

This Association, through its Technical and Materials Division,

carries on the determination of facts and finding of solutions for

problems of sewage treatment and water supply attributed to the

presence of synthetic detergents. In the course of this work, the

Association has acted as the coordinating agency in the development of a test procedure and standards for the determination of

the biodegradability of alkyl benzene sulfonate and linear alkylate

sulfonate.

The T&M Division's Subcommittee on Biodegradation Test

Methods has underway a continuing program to review and evalu- ate existing procedures and to develop, when necessary, new

methods and standards to meet the needs of the industry in this

country.

SOCIETY OF AERONAUTICAL WEIGHT ENGINEERS, N. J. Carraway, Executive Secretary, 6151 Chadwick Avenue, San Diego,

California 92114

This Society, organized in 1939, has contributed its services

toward the accomplishment of: (1) Standardization of A.N.

Forms; (2) standardization of Weighing Procedure; (3) standardization of Method of Determining Trapped Fuel and Oil; (4) development of Detail Contractor Fabricated Weight Statement; (5)

development of Gun Turret Weight Statement; (6) development of

Accessory Weight Program; (7) sponsorship of Exchange of

Weight Data; (8) exchange between airline members of information concerning Weight Reduction on Airline Equipment; and (9)

the collection of standard weights of raw stock and aircraft hard- ware together with engineering data into the S.A.W.E. Weight

Handbook.

The S.A.W.E. Weight Handbook, Volume I (copyright 1944)

gives weight data for sheet stock; bar stock; tubing; flexible conduit; cable; chains; woods; gases; carpeting; leather; rubber; rope;

gaskets; plastics; AN, NAS, and MS standard parts such as nuts,

bolts, washers, pins, receptacles; and hundreds of other items used

every day by manufacturers in the construction of aircraft and

missiles. Also included are equations for the determination of

areas, volumes, and weight moments of inertia.

SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS, Joseph Gilbert,

Secretary and General Manager, 485 Lexington Avenue, New York,

N.Y. 10017

Standardization has been an important activity of this Society

from its very beginning. It now carries on technical standardiza210
tion work for the motor vehicle, aircraft, airline, space vehicles,

farm tractor, earth-moving, and roadbuilding machinery, and

other manufacturing industries using internal combustion engines.

With the exception of standards for the aerospace industry,

which are published in looseleaf form, the standards of the Society are published annually in the SAE Handbook. The Society's stan- dardization work is under the general direction of the SAE Technical Board which organizes such technical committees as may be

necessary to carry on the work. Most of these technical committees are of a permanent nature, but some are appointed to handle

specific projects and are disbanded upon their completion. The

Society's standards and technical committee activities also include

active advisory cooperation with the Armed Forces and numerous

other Federal and State government agencies. The SAE is active

in international standardization and sponsors several U. S. National Committees for ISO projects under the auspices of the

United States of America Standards Institute. In addition, many

SAE standards have found international usage by being voluntarily adopted by foreign industry or government people.

The SAE standardization activity began in 1902 with the adoption of standards by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers that was organized in 1900. In 1903, the Association

of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers was organized by manufacturers licensed under the Selden Patent. In 1910, the Society took over from the Mechanical Branch of the ALAM its work of preparing technical data and appointed the first Standards Committee

in the automotive industry. During the years immediately following, other industries began to use internal combustion engines more widely, and it became evident that the SAE was the logical

body in which to centralize all such activities. In 1917, the American Society of Aeronautics Engineers and the Society of Tractor

Engineers merged with the SAE and soon thereafter the National

Association of Engine and Boat Manufacturers and the National

Gas Engine Association merged their engineering and standardization work in the SAE, and the Society of Automobile Engineers

then became the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. In 1926,

the Society initiated standardization in automotive production

engineering, and in 1931 adopted the first standardization in the

motor transport field. In cooperation with the American Petroleum Institute, the SAE

sustains the Coordinating Research Council. This Council was set up in 1942 to conduct cooperative research, standardization, and

similar work aimed at mating fuels and lubricants to their power

plants.

All standards, specifications, and reports developed by the

Society are made available for industry, government or other

usage on a voluntary basis. Frequent checks are made to determine use of each document. Unused documents are canceled. The

SAE has been important in aiding government agencies, both civil and defense, in the development of sound technical documents.

SAE standards are recognized in government publications as sources for establishing minimum technical requirements in areas where government regulatory control has been established.

211
SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS, Lewis A. Bernhard, Jr., Executive Secretary, 9 East 41st

Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is a nonprofit organization concerned with the engineering aspects of

motion pictures, television, instrumentation, high-speed photography, and the allied arts and sciences. Founded in 1916 to develop

technical standards for motion picture engineering, it has

expanded to include television and the areas mentioned above. As

sponsor of two USASI Sectional Committees, PH22 Motion Pictures, and C98 Combined Visual-Aural Magnetic Recording for

Television, SMPTE is responsible for generating and maintaining

standards for these disciplines.

As well as the Standard Program, the Society fulfills its objectives by: (a) Presenting technical papers at monthly meetings held

by its 13 chapters; (b) arranging semiannual week-long technical

conferences with technical papers sessions and equipment exhibits;

(c) publishing a monthly technical journal; and (d) manufacturing and distributing technical test film for motion pictures and

television.

SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE ENGINEERS,

M. H. Gluntz, Secretary, 74 Trinity Place, New York, N. Y. 10006

This Society, in cooperation with other interested organizations,

takes an active part in the establishment of standards relating to the design, construction, and operation of merchant marine ships,

their components, and related oceanographic activity. Through

representation on various United States of America Standards

Institute committees, it assists in the development of standards for

gears; piping, flanges and fittings; bolts, nuts and fasteners; sur- face qualities; refrigeration on shipboard ; freight containers; reac- tor safety and apparatus; drafting practice; and packaging and

handling.

SNAME also participates with working groups of the International Standards Organization on Shipbuilding Details and Light

Metals and Alloys.

In addition, the Society maintains internationally recognized

codes and standards for Selection of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

for Ship Structures; Aluminum Alloy Tee and Angle Shapes for

Ship Structures; Shipboard Hull Vibration Measurements; Ship

Equipment Installation and Shop Tests; Safety Considerations for

Nuclear Power Plants on Merchant Ships; Ship Standardization,

Economy and Endurance, Maneuvering and Special Tests, and

Instruments and Apparatus Trials; Lifeboats; and Hull and Deck

Paints.

SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING, Philip D. Johnson,

Managing Director, 914 Chicago Avenue, Evanston, Illinois 60202

The Society has a membership of just over 4500 within some 51

local sections. The sections meet monthly and the Society sponsors two national conventions annually, with its Annual Business

Meeting held during the Fall National Convention.

The Society has issued several Acceptance Standards in the

212
Ultrasonic Testing of Steel and Aluminum, and is currently

engaged in a study of Personnel Qualifications. In addition, the

Society is devoted to education and research in the field of techniques in the nondestructive testing (materials evaluation) of

materials, parts and components, employing mainly the following

methods: penetrating radiation, sonics and ultrasonics, magnetic

particle and penetrants, eddy current, gaging, infrared and thermal, pressure and proof loading, and many electrical tests. The

Society publishes a monthly journal called ''Materials Evaluation."

SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS, Colin C. Campbell, Executive

Secretary, 65 Prospect Street, Stamford, Connecticut 06902

Founded in 1942, this is a professional society of plastics scientists, engineers, educators, students, and others interested in the

design, development, production, and utilization of plastics materials, products, and equipment. The Society cooperates with other

organizations in the development of standards for plastics, and is active on its own in areas of plastics standardization not covered

by other organizations or covered to only a limited extent on

special items as follows: (a) Developing methods to obtain engineering design criteria; (b) developing methods to evaluate the

engineering characteristics of processing equipment; (c) developing a comprehensive classified index of plastics standards; and (d)

educating those active or interested in plastics regarding the

interpretation, proper use, and knowledge of standards. The

Society's standardization activities are administered by the

Engineering Standards Committee, a standing committee.

SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, William T. Cruse,

Executive Vice President, 250 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

This is a trade and technical society of over 1200 companies and

1400 individuals in all branches of the plastics industry interested

in quality standards, research, uniform accounting, traffic rates,

wage rate surveys, tariffs, codes, public relations, informative

labeling, safety, fire prevention, food packaging, etc. SPI runs a number of industry conferences each year and sponsors the National Plastics Exposition every 21/) years, usually

alternating between New York City and Chicago.

The companies making up the membership of this Society are:

injection, compression, and transfer molders; laminators; extruders; fabricators; calenderers; printers; embossers; reinforced

plastics processors; raw material suppliers; machinery and equipment manufacturers; tool, die, and mold makers, research,

development, and testing laboratories.

The Society's members are located throughout the United States,

Canada, and 28 other countries. Branch offices are maintained in

Canada at 660Z Eglinton Avenue East, Toronto 17, Ontario, and

Los Angeles at 611 South Catalina Street. For years SPI has worked closely with the U. S. Department of

Commerce through the National Bureau of Standards toward the

development of voluntary Commercial Standards on plastic products. The cooperative efforts of companies in the plastics industry, the Society, and the National Bureau of Standards have

213
proved highly successful. As a result, these industry standards

represent the largest number of voluntary Commercial Standards

prepared by any trade association through the Department of

Commerce.

So far, voluntary Commercial Standards have been published by

the Department of Commerce on the following plastics products:

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste and Vent Pipe

and Fittings; Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic

Drain, Waste and Vent Pipe and Fittings; TFE-Fluorocarbon

(Polytetrafluorethylene) Resin Molded Basic Shapes; Polyvinyl

Chloride (PVC) Plastic Pipe; Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe;

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe; TFEFluorocarbon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) Resin Electrical Insulating Tubing; TFE-Fluorocarbon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) Resin

Sheet; TFE-Fluorocarbon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) Resin Flexible Hose (Wire Braid Reinforced), Vinyl-Metal Laminates; Polyethylene Sheeting (Construction, Industrial & Agricultural

Applications); Vinyl Plastic Weatherstrip; Styrene Rubber Plastic

Sewer and Drain Pipe and Fittings; Rigid Unplasticized Polyvinyl

Chloride Pipe; Flexible Polyethylene Plastic Pipe; Polyethylene

Film; Gel-Coated Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyester Resin Shower

Receptors; Gel-Coated Glass-Fiber Reinforced Resin Bathtubs;

Rigid ABS Plastic Pipe (IPS Dimensions); Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyester Corrugated Structural Plastics Panels; Melamine

Dinnerware (Alpha-Cellulose-Filled) for Household Use; Vinyl

Chloride Plastics Garden Hose; Solvent Welded (SWP Size) Cellulose-Acetate Butyrate Pipe; Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Sheets; General Purpose Vinyl Plastic Film; Heavy-Duty Alpha-Cellulose

Filled Melamine Tableware; Polystyrene Plastic Wall Tiles, and

Adhesives for their Application.

In addition, SPI Committees are working on the preparation of

other standards for plastics products for submission to the

National Bureau of Standards which are intended to become

Commercial Standards.

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

J. A. Prestridge, Secretary-Manager, P. O. Box 16413, Jacksonville,

Florida 32216

This Association has formulated and adopted standard specifications for grades of tidewater red cypress which are in conformity with American Lumber Standards as set forth in Simplified

Practice Recommendation R16-53 and Commercial Standard

CS92-41 for cedar cypress, and redwood tank-stock lumber,

published by the National Bureau of Standards.

Recognizing the need for uniform marking and authoritative

supervision of the marking of standard grades of red cypress

lumber, this Association has adopted standard grade marks. The

insignia ''SCMA" is the property of the Southern Cypress Manufacturers Association. Only licensed inspectors of this Association or competent inspectors or manufacturers authorized by the

Association to officially grademark cypress, are permitted to place

this mark on lumber. Lumber bearing this symbol is officially

grademarked. The appearance of official marks on planing mill

products such as flooring, ceiling, bevel siding, drop siding, etc.. 214
indicate an official grademark for the particular product of the

planing mill. SOUTHERN HARDWOOD LUMBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, George C. Romeiser, Executive Vice President, Sterick

Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38103

Southern hardwoods are graded under the rules of the National

Hardwood Lumber Association, as are all hardwoods manufactured in the United States and Canada. This organization cooperates with the National Hardwood Lumber Association in grade

standardization of hardwood lumber ; also with Government agencies and all lumber associations in the development of American

Lumber Standards fostered by the Department of Commerce.

This organization has also cooperated with the National Oak

Flooring Manufacturers Association, and the Hardwood Dimension Manufacturers Association, in formulating Commercial Standards for flooring, trim, paneling, etc. These standards have been

issued by the National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of

Commerce.

SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTORS' ASSOCIATION,

George C. Spence, Secretary-Treasurer, 1393 Peachtree Street, N.E.,

Atlanta, Georgia 30309

As an organization of distributors, this Association participates

in standardization projects carried out by industry in general, and

cooperates in the preparation and revision of Simplified Practice

Recommendations published by the National Bureau of Standards

covering standard sizes of wrought iron and wrought steel pipe,

valves, and fittings; standard packaging of carriage, machine, and

lag bolts ; and standard sizes of hacksaw blades.

This Association is represented on the United States of America

Standards Institute Sectional Committee on Standardization of

Gears, which developed the USA Standard for Spur Gear Tooth

Form (B6. 1-1932), and the USA Recommended Practice for Gear

Materials and Blanks (B6.2-1933).

SOUTHERN PINE INSPECTION BUREAU, A. S. Boisfontaine,

Secretary-Manager, National Bank of Commerce Building, New

Orleans, Louisiana 70112

This Bureau is an autonomous agency of the Southern Pine

Association and is considered the recognized organization in the

southern pine industry for the formulation and maintenance of

grading standards. Since 1940, the Southern Pine Inspection

Bureau has carried on a standardization program in developing

grading rules for southern pine lumber carried on for more than

25 years previously by the Southern Pine Association. These

rules are in conformity with American Lumber Standards as set forth in the current edition of Simplified Practice Recommendation R16, published by the National Bureau of Standards.

The Southern Pine Inspection Bureau took an active part in the

formulation of these national standards and has direct representation on the American Lumber Standards Committee. This Bureau

215
also is officially represented on the Technical Committee on Timber

of the American Society for Testing and Materials with reference

to the preparation of standard specifications for timber and timber

products.

The Bureau's functions are to maintain standards of size and

definite grade classifications, as reflected in its published grading

and inspection rules, for the benefit of the lumber-using public and

of the industry, and to provide competent and adequate inspection

facilities. These inspection facilities are universally regarded as

fair and impartial, and are used not only as a means of adjudicating disputes as to grades between buyers and sellers but also for

the certification of southern pine lumber before shipment from the

mill. The grading and manufacture of subscribers to the Bureau

are under the supervision of Bureau inspectors, and those mills

which prove their efficiency in grading and agree to maintain the

established standards of size and grade are licensed to grademark

their lumber with a Bureau mark symbolizing such supervision

and efficiency.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION, Bill M. Woods, Executive

Director, 31 East 10th Street, New York, N. Y. 10003

This international professional society of special librarians and

information specialists published in December 1964 its first set of

criteria entitled ''Objectives and Standards for Special Libraries."

This 10-page document sets forth standards for objectives, staff,

collection, services, physical facilities, and budget for special

libraries, and includes an appendix listing specifications for stack

and shelf areas, general space requirements, and illumination. At

present, work is underway to supplement these standards with

profiles describing desirable practices in six different prototype

libraries.

The Association also participates in the work of a number of

United States of America Standards Institute Sectional Committees: Z39 Library Work and Documentation; Z84 Glossary of

Environmental Terminology; Z85 Library Equipment and Supplies; PH5 Photographic Reproduction of Documents; and PH5-3

Documents Readable without Optical Devices. It is also represented on Library Technology Project Committees developing stan- dards for library binding, equipment, and supplies. SLA's own

Professional Standards Committee has a Subcommittee on a Code

of Ethics.

SPECIALTY PAPER AND BOARD AFFILIATES, George V. Johnson, Secretary-Treasurer, 122 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

This organization is a Division of the American Paper and Pulp

Association. Within this framework, there is the Plastics Extrusion Coaters Group, which is active in standardization. Its Technical Committee has developed standards for Polyethylene

Extrusion Coating Weight, WVTR Test Procedure, Slip, and

is currently working on a number of others including Gloss

Determination, Glueability, and Indexes of Extrudability.

216
SPORTING ARMS AND AMMUNITION MANUFACTURERS'

INSTITUTE, Harry L. Hampton, Secretary, 420 Lexington Avenue,

New York, N. Y. 10017

Two committees of the Institute carry on simplification and

standardization activities for the industry represented by this

trade association. The Simplified Practice Committee, in cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards, initiated the move- ment which established Simplified Practice Recommendation R31

covering loaded shotshells currently in general demand. A similar

program developed Simplified Practice Recommendation R62 for

metallic cartridges. Both recommendations have been revised

from time-to-time to reflect changes in shooters' preferences. This

has been done in cooperation with the Standing Committee

representing trade and distribution interests and consumers,

under auspices of the Commodity Standards Division (now Product Standards Section), National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce.

SAAMI's Technical Committee activities relating to standardization are varied. This committee maintains supervision of preparation and publication of data sheets presenting maximum

cartridge and shell measurements and minimum chamber dimensions for sporting firearms in which these shells and cartridges are

used. This committee establishes definitive proof loads recom- mended for factory testing of U. S.-made sporting firearms, thus

assuring greater safety to the users of such arms. The Technical Committee also maintains liaison with the Department of

Defense in relation to manufacturing, testing and performance

specifications of commercial ammunition purchased by the

Government.

SPORTS CAR CLUB OF AMERICA, John M. Bishop, Executive

Director, P. O. Box 791, Westport, Connecticut 06881

This is a nonprofit organization with approximately 13,000

members, founded in 1944 and incorporated in the State of Connecticut. The Club promotes national and regional races and

sponsors rallies (precision driving tests over a given route at an

exact speed), gymkhanas (intricate driving maneuvers in a cleared

area), concours d'elegance (rating cars by a correlation of age, condition and equipment of the vehicle), and numerous international events and world championship races. SCCA has developed safety standards for competitions and stan- dards and procedures for speed events, for automobiles which may

take part in events, for issuance of competition licenses, and for

the organization and conduct of its business. These standards and

procedures are set forth in its publications: ''Production Car

Specifications"; ''General Competition Rules"; and "Summary of

SCCA Policies and Operating Procedures."

In addition, SCCA sponsors United States of America Standards Institute Sectional Committee Z90, Vehicular Head Protection. This committee is concerned with safety requirements for

head protection for automobile drivers engaged in high hazard

activities or occupations, as well as crash helmets for motorcyclists. Standard Z90.1-1966, developed by this committee, was

recently issued.

217
SPRING MANUFACTURERS INSTITUTE, George E. Underwood,

Secretary, 81 Main Street, Bristol, Connecticut 06010

An association of precision mechanical spring manufacturers,

this Institute first developed standards for compression, extension,

and torsion springs in 1949. Revisions were made in 1959 and

1963, with standards for flat springs being added in 1963.

The purpose of these standards is twofold: They give the user or customer design information, and they serve both the producer

and user by presenting a common denominator for specifications,

tolerances, and terminology.

STANDARDS ENGINEERS SOCIETY, C. Euffa, Assistant Secretary,

170 Livingston Avenue, New Providence, New Jersey 07974

This is a professional technical society of standards engineers

founded in 1947, incorporated in 1956, and currently consisting of some 1500 individual members organized in 20 local sections

throughout the United States, Canada and India. The objectives

of this association are: ( 1 ) To provide a forum for the interchange

of information on standardization and standardization methods.

This forum is provided by meetings at the local and national

level; and by the publications of the Society—a monthly magazine

"Standards Engineering" and an annual ''Proceedings"; (2) to further standardization as a means of enhancing general welfare

;

(3) to promote knowledge and use of approved standards; (4) to encourage additions to the literature of standardization; and (5) to stimulate education in standardization at the collegiate level. The Society recognizes accomplishments in standards work by

appropriate awards and by a membership structure which includes

the grade of Fellow and Honorary Life Fellow.

STEEL BAR MILLS ASSOCIATION, W. H. Jacobs, Executive Vice

President, 38 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603

This Association, founded as a voluntary trade association in

1911, had as a major initial interest the development of a standard

for rail steel concrete reinforcement bars.

Through the guidance of American Society for Testing and

Materials Committee A-1 on Steel, Subcommittee V, Steel Reinforcement Bars, and through sponsorship of an investigation by

Purdue University, an ASTM A 16 Standard Specification for Rail

Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement was established in 1913.

Through the years, ten revisions have been made through the same agency to comply with changes in steel manufacture and

usage. In 1965 an additional standard, A 61-65 Deformed Rail

Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement with 60,000 psi Minimum

Yield Strength, was also established.

With the guidance of ASTM Committee A-1, Subcommittee XV

Bar Steels, a standard, A 499-64 Standard Specification for HotRolled Rail Carbon Steel Bars and Shapes, was established in 1964.

Through cooperation with the Commodity Standards Division

(now Product Standards Section), National Bureau of Standards,

there was established in 1930 a Simplified Practice Recommendation R26-30 Steel Reinforcing Bars. The recommendation was

218
revised in 1930, 1942 and reconfirmed in 1950. Also, in 1948 there was established Commercial Standard CS150 Hot-Rolled Rail Steel

Bars, which in 1963 was revised as CS150-63 to comply with

changed practice in production and use. Similarly in 1951, Commercial Standard CS184-51 Steel Fence Posts—Field and Line

Types, was published.

Through participation in the activities of United States of

America Standards Insitute Sectional Committee A59, a USA

Standard for Reinforced Gypsum Concrete, A59. 1-1954, was

established December 29, 1954. Also, work with United States of

America Standards Institute Sectional Committee A122 resulted in

approval on April 9, 1965 of USA Standard A122.1-1965 Vermiculite Concrete Roofs and Slabs-on Grade.

STEEL DECK INSTITUTE, Bert M. Cohn, Secretary, 53 West

Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604

The Institute was formed in 1939 as a nonprofit association of

manufacturers of steel roof deck for the following purposes: To

formulate technical recommendations for the improvement of

metal roof deck construction and the development and recommendations of Standard Design Procedures; to provide test data for

public distribution on all subjects pertaining to metal roof deck; to promote proper building regulations; and to disseminate information relative to the proper use of metal roof deck.

The Institute's Technical Committee, appointed from the staff of

its membership, studies and resolves a large variety of technical

problems, analyzing and evaluating existing and new methods to assure safe construction.

The Institute has carried on a variety of research work suggested by current conditions, such as fire tests (conducted at Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., and Factory Mutual Laboratories); vapor barrier research (Pennsylvania State College); wind

uplift resistance; and insurance rate treatment and classification. ''A Code of Recommended Standard Practices" and basic design

specifications are published as part of Sweet's Catalog File.

STEEL DOOR INSTITUTE, Allen P. Wherry, Executive Secretary,

Thomas Associates, Inc., 2130 Keith Building, Cleveland, Ohio

44115

The standardization and simplification activities of this Institute are carried on by its Technical Committee. The work of the

Technical Committee has been confined to the development of commercial standards for the products of the industry and the development of standardized mounting dimensions for hardware used in

conjunction with steel doors. Four Commercial Standards have

been issued: CS211-57 covering Flush-Type Interior Steel Doors

and Frames; CS212-57 covering Steel Sliding Closet Door and

Frame Units ; CS213-57 covering Steel Knockdown Sliding Closet

Door Units (for Wood Frame Installation); and CS242-62 cover- ing Standard Stock Commercial 1% inch Thick Steel Doors and

Frames. Currently, the Technical Committee is working with the

builders' hardware manufacturers, the National Builders' Hard- ware Association, and the United States of America Standards

219
Institute in the development of USA Standards covering the

mounting dimensions of cylindrical and mortise locks and flush

bolts. The Institute is represented on one USASI Sectional

Committee.

STEEL FOUNDERS' SOCIETY OF AMERICA, F. Kermit Donaldson, Executive Vice President, 606 Terminal Tower, Cleveland, Ohio

44113

The Society has issued a Recommended Minimum Standard for

Commercial Carbon Steel Castings, and tentative specifications for

steel foundry raw materials covering: (1) Western Bentonite, (2)

Gelatinized Cereal Binder, (3) Zircon Sand and Flour, (4)

Washed and Dried Sand, (5) Crude Sand, (6) Forsterite and/or

Olivine Aggregate and Flour, (7) Cast Steel Abrasives, (8) Malleable Iron Abrasives, (9) Moldable Exothermic Pad Materials, and

(10) Exothermic Materials for Molded Exothermic Sleeves. The

Specifications Committee has other raw material specifications in

process. The Society is represented on specification committees of

other organizations, and cooperates particularly with technical

committees of the American Society for Testing and Materials in

the development of standards and methods of test for steel and

steel castings, metallography, radiographic and magnetic particle

testing, and other matters of interest.

STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE, C. H. Luedeman, Managing Director,

1346 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

This Institute is a nonprofit organization of manufacturers

actively engaged in the fabrication and distribution of open web

steel joists. It was organized in 1928 to place the industry on a sound engineering basis. Its objectives are to establish and standardize methods of design and construction for open web steel

joists, to provide test and research data for public dissemination,

to assist in the development of appropriate building code regulations, and to publish information relative to the proper use of steel joists in the interest of safety and the public welare.

The Institute's first standard specification was adopted in 1928

and its first load table was adopted the following year. Its current

Standard Specifications and Load Tables for Open Web Steel

Joists, comprising the J- and H-Series, the LA-Series and the

LH-Series has become a recognized industry standard.

STEEL SCAFFOLDING AND SHORING INSTITUTE, Thomas

Associates, Inc., Managing Director, 2130 Keith Building, Cleveland,

Ohio 44115

This Institute, founded in 1960, includes manufacturers of steel scaffolding and shoring. SSSI establishes recommended criteria

and inspection procedures for the proper and safe use of steel scaffolding and shoring to support framework in concrete construction. Its standardization activities have involved attempts to obtain standardization of safety requirements in various State,

city, and Federal codes. The Institute has prepared and distributed Recommended Safety Rules for Steel Scaffolding and Steel

Shoring, as well as a Recommneded Safety Code for Vertical Shor220
ing. In addition, SSSI works closely with United States of

America Standards Institute Sectional Committee AlO in developing a revised safety code for the construction industry as regards

scaffolding.

STEEL SHIPPING CONTAINER INSTITUTE, Livingston Keplinger. President, 600 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10020

The Institute is a national trade association representing manufacturers of steel drums and pails. It initiated cooperative efforts

with customer industries to develop recommended standard specifications for all types of containers made according to certain

requirements of either the Bureau of Explosives or of the

Uniform Freight Classification and of the National Motor Freight

Classification.

The purpose of these specifications, which are gaining wide

acceptance here and abroad, is to reduce wide variations in container design and to facilitate filling, handling, and shipping.

Joint efforts with customer industry standards groups and the

Government have produced recommended standard specifications

for 19 different types of steel shipping containers. Ten of these

specifications were submitted to the United States of America

Standards Institute for publication as USA Standards, and

the Steel Shipping Container Institute has been designated

proprietary sponsor for these standards.

Copies of steel shipping container specifications, other than USA

Standards, are available from the Institute.

STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL, Mrs. Kitti Condiff,

Executive Secretary, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

15213

This Council was established in 1950 to fill a vital need for

impartial research, specifications and information on the protection of steel by paints and coatings. Many organizations, recognizing the work of the Council, have become supporting members,

and have made available personnel, funds, or facilities to further

the Council program.

At the time of its organization, the Council stated these objectives: (1) To determine and outline the best methods that have

been developed up to the present time for cleaning and painting

steel; (2) to issue specifications covering practical and economical

methods of surface preparation and painting of steel structures;

(3) to provide long-range research programs involving field and

laboratory work and to eavluate various methods and coatings and

costs thereof, to prevent or reduce corrosion on steel structures; and (4) to issue periodic recommendations for further improving

the effectiveness and economy of the protection of steel structures. The SSPC has issued the Steel Structures Painting Manual,

which has won international acceptance among leading steel and

paint manufacturers as well as contractors and companies fabricating and using steel. Volume 1, ''Good Painting Practice," is an

encyclopedia-type manual providing industry with a comprehensive guide for the cleaning and painting of steel structures. Volume 2, ''Systems and Specifications," contains all of the specifications issued by the Council, including surface preparation,

221
pretreatment, paint application, paints and paint systems.

The Council also carries out a long-range research and testing

program.

STEEL TANK INSTITUTE, Allan R. Smith, Executive Secretary, 120

South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603

This Institute, founded in 1916, consists of manufacturers of

non-pressure storage tanks for petroleum products and truck

tanks. The Institute publishes Midwest 56 Standard for Underground Gasoline Tanks, which has been adopted by the United

States of America Standards Institute as Standard B90.1-1963.

The Institute was instrumental in the development of Commercial Standard CS177 Septic Tanks, subsequently endorsed by the

Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. which now labels such tanks.

At present, the Institute is endeavoring to develop industry

standards for standard-line pressure vessels.

STEEL WINDOW INSTITUTE, W. M. Martin, Executive Secretary,

18455 Harvest Lane, Brookfield, Wisconsin 53005

This is a trade association composed of a majority of American

steel window manufacturers. Through research and interchange

of ideas among its members, better products and services are developed and made available to the building trade.

The standardization and simplification presented in SWI recom- mendations are the answers to maximum economy. However, the

creative abilities and productive facilities of the Institute manufacturers are also geared to the exacting custom demands of

modern architecture and construction.

Surveys are conducted to determine the relative popularity of

types and sizes, and recommendations by the Institute are circulated to members, nonmembers, architects and governmental

agencies.

STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS INSTITUTE, James G. Gross,

Director of Engineering and Technology, 1520 18th Street, N.W.,

Washington, D. C. 20036

This Institute cooperates actively with committees of technical

organizations in the standardization of structural clay products.

It is represented on technical committees of the American Society

for Testing and Materials dealing with methods of testing building

constructions; specifications for lime; mortars for unit masonry;

and manufactured masonry units. It is also officially represented on sectional committees functioning under the procedure of the

United States of America Standards Institute on Minimum Design

Loads in Buildings and Other Structures and Building Code

Requirements and Good Practice Recommendations for Masonry.

The Institute cooperates with the Federal construction agencies

in the formulation and revision of specifications for masonry

construction.

The Structural Clay Products Research Foundation, a Division

of SCPI, is located in the Institute's Research Center in Geneva,

Illinois. Research conducted by the Foundation includes tests of

properties of materials and assemblies, such as strength, heat

transmission, and permeability.

222
SULPHITE PULP MANUFACTURERS' RESEARCH LEAGUE,

Averill J. Wiley, Technical Director, 1043 East South River Street, Appleton, Wisconsin 54910

The research activities of this organization are primarily

intended to develop methods of processing this byproduct of the

pulp and paper industry to find uses for the 3 million tons of

organic matter derived from the other half of the tree not used in

producing chemical cellulose pulp. A wide variety of byproducts

obtained directly and indirectly from the sugars and the lignosulfonates are presently on the market and many others are proposed.

The League includes standardization of these products in the

fields of dispersing agents, adhesives, food and feed yeast products,

roadbinder, clay additives for the ceramic industry, and oil well

mud additives. Standardization includes development of analytical control methods, as well as specifications for products to be

used by industry and by State, local, and Federal governments.

SUMP PUMP MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Harold K. Howe, Managing Director, 734 I5th Street, N. W., Washington,

D. C. 20005

This Association developed and published a set of standards

known as ''SPMA Sump Pump Standards." These standards

cover Definitions and Nomenclature, Testing and Rating, Design

and Electrical, and Installation Recommendations. The Association also promotes a labeling program whereby pumps are certified to comply with the requirements of these standards.

TANNERS' COUNCIL OF AMERICA, Irving R. Glass, Executive

Vice President, 411 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016

The Council maintains and supports standardization in the hide

and leather product area. Its principal activities in this respect are as follows:

Colo7^—Official standards for seasonal leather, footwear and acces- sory colors are developed and circulated by the Council to the

tanning, shoe and other leather product industries. These stan- dards are prepared by the Color Bureau of the Tanners' Council

with the advice and assistance of shoe manufacturers and retailers.

A semiannual Official Leather Color Book is made available by

the Council to all interested trades. Master standards are preserved by the Council for reference and duplication.

Raw Material Trim—The technical laboratory of the Tanners'

Council initiated a new standard method for commercial trim of

domestic cattlehides. This was approved as economically sound

and desirable by an overwhelming majority of tanners and suppliers. It was submitted to the National Bureau of Standards,

U. S. Department of Commerce, as a proposed voluntary industry

standard and was officially published April 4, 1965, as the

Commercial Hide Trim Standard, CS267-65.

Leather Weight Designations—The Council has developed and

maintained a standardized system for designation of leather

weight or thickness. Since the thickness of leather is a highly

important characteristic in the design and production of shoes and

other leather products, standardized weight designations were

223
long needed. Extensive investigation of trade practice enables

the Council to establish a limited number of standards which

would meet the requirements of the tanning and leather-consuming

industries. These have been officially circulated and made available

throughout the world.

TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PULP AND PAPER

INDUSTRY, P. E. Nethercut, Executive Secretary, 360 Lexington

Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

The objectives of the Association are to promote investigation,

research and interchange of ideas among its members in the field of pulp and paper manufacture and use ; to arrange for the presentation and publication of papers; and to provide testing procedures

and standards fundamental to pulp and paper manufacture and

use.The Association is divided into nine divisions dealing with problems relating to pulp manufacture, paper and board manufacture,

paper-synthetics, corrugated containers, coating and graphic arts,

engineering, research and development, testing, and water. Under

these divisions are a number of committees engaged in projects

coming within the scope of activities of each division.

Testing procedures include official standards, tentative stan- dards, suggested methods and routine control methods. These are prepared by the active technical committees and approved by a Standards Committee and the members of the Association in

accordance with prescribed rules and regulations. The Testing

Division, whose primary function it is to develop standards and

testing procedures, is divided into the following committees: adhesives, chemical methods, fiberboard shipping container, fibrous raw

materials, fillers and pigments, microscopy, optical methods, packaging materials, paper, paperboard, paper shiping sack, physical

methods, precision, pulp, pulping and papermaking chemicals,

release papers, routine control methods, and wax. The Association cooperates with the American Society for Test- ing and Materials by having joint committees and by having membership representatives on ASTM technical committees. It also

cooperates with the Intersociety Color Council in developing color

standards and with the United States of America Standards

Institute in promoting USA and International standards.

TELEPHONE GROUP, O. B. Gibson, Secretary, American Telephone

& Telegraph Company, 195 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10007

This Group, which functions under the auspices of the United

States of America Standards Institute, consists of the Bell Telephone System and the General Telephone and Electronics Service

Corporation. The Group is represented on the USASI Standards

Council, the Electrical Standards Board, Safety Standards Board,

Mechanical Standards Board, Graphic Standards Board, Information Processing Systems Standards Board, and Miscellaneous

Standards Board. It is also represented by 142 individuals on 79

USASI sectional committees concerned with projects in the following fields: Abbreviations and Symbols; Automotive; Civil Engineering and Construction; Drawings; Electrical Engineering;

224
Materials Handling; Mechanical Engineering; National Electrical

Code; Office Machines, Equipment and Supplies; Petroleum Products; Photography; Safety; Vibrations and Mechanical Shock; and

Wood. In addition, the Group is represented on the committees of

such organizations as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers in the preparation and revision of USA Standards

sponsored by these organizations.

Additional standardization work is carried on through representation on committees of various engineering societies, the Radio

Technical Commission for Marine Services, and international

organizations such as the International Electrotechnical Commission, an affiliate of the International Organization for Standardization. Cooperative work is handled with numerous committees

of the Electrical Section and the Communications Section of the

Association of American Railroads, engaged in the formulation of

recommendations and specifications dealing with various phases of

communication on railroads.

THREAD INSTITUTE, Waldo F. Operer, Executive Director, 15 East 40th Street, New York, N. Y. 10016

The following committees relating to industry product stan- dards are currently functioning: Cotton Thread Standards Committee, Linen Thread Standards Committee, and Synthetic Thread

Standards Committee. Federal Specifications for Thread are reviewed on a three year cycle basis by the U. S. Army Natick

Laboratories, and the product standards committees of the Insti- tute present their recommendations for revisions when invited to do so. The current Federal Specifications for Thread are V-T-276e, Cotton; V-T-280a, Cotton Gimp, Buttonhole;

V-T-291C, Linen; V-T-295, Nylon; V-T-285, Polyester;

and V-T-SOlc, Silk.

The Institute has for many years actively participated in The

National Conference on Weights and Measures, sponsored by the

National Bureau of Standards, primarily in the interest of uniform thread labeling laws, and has supported the adoption of the

Textile Section of the Model State Law.

TILE CONTRACTORS' ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, J. L. Loomis, Secretary and General Counsel, 1420 New York Avenue,

N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005

This Association, founded in 1928, consists of approximately

600 established tile contractors located throughout the country,

with a sprinkling membership in Canada and Latin America. It is comprised of firms that operate at the functional level of the tile contractor within the framework of the ceramic tile industry.

The organization cooperates with other national trade groups in

the preparation and revision of government-recognized specifications for ceramic tile and its related products, particularly

organic adhesives and dry-set mortars used in ceramic tile installations.

The Association operates its own hallmark program for organic

adhesives independently tested and found to conform to Commercial

Standard CS181-52.

225
TILE COUNCIL OF AMERICA, Lamar H. Brown, Technical

Services Director, P. O. Box 326, Princeton, N. J. 08540

To assure uniformity and excellence of ceramic tile installations,

the Tile Council develops and sponsors tile specifications for use by

the building industry. Its offices are also available for technical

queries and consultations. Published specifications include Proposed Standard Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile with

Water Resistant Organic Adhesives (including requirements of

related divisions), and Specifications for Installation of Electrically Conductive Ceramic Tile in Conductive Dry-Set Portland

Cement Mortar. In addition, the Council sponsors United States

of America Standards Institute Sectional Committee A108 which

has developed USA Standards A108.1-1958, A108.2-1958, and

A108.3-1958 for Glazed Wall Tile, Ceramic Mosaic Tile, Quarry

Tile and Pavers, installed in Portland Cement Mortars (including

requirements for related divisions), and A108.5-1960 and

A118.1-1959 for Installation of Ceramic Tile with Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar (including USA Standard Specification for

Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar)

.

TIN RESEARCH INSTITUTE, R. M. Macintosh, Manager, 483

West Sixth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201

Members of the Institute participate widely in the development

of standards and specifications for tin ingots, tinplate, tin containers, tin alloys, tin castings, bearings, solders, and electrodeposited

tin. Membership is held on the specifications committees of the

British Standards Institution and the American Society for

Testing and Materials.

TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION, C. N. Dykes, Executive Vice

President, 34 North Hawkins Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44313

This Association is the technical standardizing body of the tire,

rim, and related parts manufacturers of the United States. It also

carries on rim contour inspection to assure satisfactory tire application and fit. Among the standards established are tire loads,

tire inflations, tire section limits, recommended rims, dual spacings, rim dimensions, valve and valve hole dimensions for tire and

rim equipment used on passenger cars, motorcycles, motor scooters, trucks, buses, low platform trailers, earthmovers, road graders, agricultural tractors and implements, industrial vehicles,

mobile homes, and aircraft.

TOILET GOODS ASSOCIATION, Kay Fitzpatrick, Executive

Secretary, 1270 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N. Y. 10020

This Association organized a Scientific Advisory Committee in

1939, composed of leading scientific and technical personnel within

its member companies, to develop and publish standards for raw

materials used in the manufacture of cosmetics and other toilet

preparations. The first standard was issued in 1940, and to date a

total of 98 have been published. From time-to-time as new materials are discovered for use in the industry, new standards are

issued and older ones revised. The purpose of these standards is to maintain the highest level of purity and excellence of materials

used in the manufacture of cosmetics and other toilet preparations.

226
TRAFFIC AUDIT BUREAU, H. B. Rasmussen, Managing Director,

845 Third Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022

This Bureau, founded in 1933, consists of advertisers, advertising agencies, and operators of outdoor advertising plants. Its purposes are to establish standard practices with respect to the

circulation evaluation and visibility of outdoor advertising; to supervise and direct practices in connection with the collection,

recording and authentication of traffic and other data related to outdoor advertising; to prepare and issue standardized factual

statements of the circulation values of outdoor advertising plants

;

and to perform other acts and services which will further the

joint interests of advertisers, advertising agencies, operators of

outdoor advertising plants, and the public.

TRAILER COACH ASSOCIATION, John O'Conor, Executive

Director, 1340 West Third Street, Los Angeles, California 90017

For several years the Association has taken a leading part in

standardizing on a nationwide basis the requirements for components of the electrical, plumbing, and heating systems, and the

installation thereof in mobile homes and travel trailers.

In conjunction with the Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association, TCA was instrumental in the promulgation and adoption of

United States of America Standards Institute Standards

A119.1-1963 and A119.2-1963, which govern the manufacture of

mobile homes and travel trailers in most of the continental United

States. A close alliance is maintained with the National Fire Protection

Association, and the Association also participates in an advisory

capacity on the Standards and Research Committees of the Western Plumbing Officials Association in formulating plumbing

standards for mobile homes and travel trailers.

The Association is presently participating with MHMA, USASI

and NFPA in a joint effort toward revision of USA Standards

A119.1 and A119.2, and have been for some time engaged in preparing suggested construction standards for mobile homes and

travel trailers.

TCA has taken a leading part in the formulation and presentation of legislation covering code requirements, which subsequently were accepted and enacted into law in the States of California and

Oregon.

Legislative action of a like nature on bills prepared by TCA, is presently being requested in several more of the Western States. TRUCK-TRAILER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, John B. Hulse, Managing Director, 1413 K Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005

Acting in concert with other organizations, the Truck-Trailer

Manufacturers Association took the lead in making available a Standard Industry Procedure for Determining Heat Transfer of

Refrigerated Truck Trailers. This standard was developed at the

National Bureau of Standards with assistance from the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Association. It is available

from the Association.

227
TWISTED JUTE PACKING AND OAKUM INSTITUTE, Lester B.

Piatt, Secretary, P. O. Box 52, Scarsdale, N. Y. 10583

In connection with standardization matters arising in this industry, this Institute has appointed a Standardization Committee

whose sole function is to prepare and recommend standards cover- ing the Institute's members' products. This committee cooperated

with the Plumbing Fixtures Committee of the Federal Specifications Executive Committee in the development of Federal Specifications for marine oakum and twisted jute packing. Federal

Government agencies presently use these specifications to base

contracts for purchases.

ULTRASONIC MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, Penn

Affiliates, Inc., Executive Secretary, 271 North Avenue, New Rochelle,

N. Y. 10801

This Association was organized in 1955 to promote by every

lawful means the growth of the industry on a sound and lasting

basis. Formation of the Association was motivated by the vast

potential of ultrasonics for commercial, industrial, defense, and

medical applications.

The first achievement by UMA was development of definitions

covering basic industry terminology designed to promote a common language and thus facilitate understanding between manufacturers and users. Second was development of a standard

rating covering ultrasonic electrical generators.

A major achievement for the entire industry was development

and adoption of a Recommended Standard Procedure for evaluating ultrasonic cleaning equipment, the basis of which is a chemical reaction proportional to cavitation activity when a standard

test solution is exposed to ultrasonic cavitation.

UMA cooperates in the development of standards with the

United States of America Standards Institute and is represented on USASI Sectional Committees SI on Acoustics and S3 on Bioacoustics. Other organizations with which UMA cooperates

include the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, National Safety Foundation, Acoustical Society of America, National

Electrical Manufacturers Association, and American Society for

Testing and Materials. In addition, UMA provides assistance,

when requested, to various Government agencies such as the

Departments of the Navy and Air Force, and maintains standardizing liaison with other Government agencies such as the Federal

Communications Commission.

UNDERWEAR INSTITUTE, Robert D. McCabe, Managing Director,

350 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10001

The Institute's pioneering in the field of standardization dates

back to 1920. At that time it began work on the collection of data,

looking toward the standardization of methods of measuring,

measurements and tolerances for knit underwear in the interest of

the consumer, as well as the jobber, manufacturer, and retailer. To

facilitate this work, the Institute detailed one of its employees to the National Bureau of Standards where for over 7 years he

collected and tabulated essential data.

In 1930, the Institute requested the cooperation of the National

228
Bureau of Standards in the establishment of a Commercial Standard for Knit Underwear, which was published as CS33-32, effec- tive January 1, 1932. At the request of the Institute, this stan- dard was revised and published as Commercial Standard CS33-43,

effective July 30, 1943.

The Underwear Institute was the first manufacturer's association to recognize the value of, and to endorse, the height-weight

body-measurement standards as the basis for revising its infants',

children's, girls', and boys' standards. This led to the publication

of CS198-55, effective March 1, 1955.

Over the years the Institute has continued its work in this field in collaboration with the Commodity Standards Division (now

Product Standards Section) of the U. S. Department of Commerce,

and looks forward to a continuation of this cooperation. The

Institute now has a Proposed T-Shirt Standard before the Department and expects its publication as a Commercial Standard in the near future.

UNDERWRITERS' LABORATORIES, Baron Whitaker, President,

207 East Ohio Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611

This organization was established to maintain and operate laboratories for the examination and testing of devices, systems, and

materials. Founded in 1894, the enterprise is sponsored by the

American Insurance Association, and is operated for service, not

for profit. It is chartered as a nonprofit corporation without

capital stock, under the laws of the State of Delaware.

Testing laboratories are maintained at Chicago, Illinois, Melville, L. I., New York, Northbrook, Illinois, and Santa Clara, California. Of equal importance with the examination and testwork

of Underwriters' Laboratories is its inspection and follow-up program in the factories where listed devices are manufactured.

Representatives charged with the responsibility for making these

periodic inspections are located in approximately 200 cities throughout the United States and 25 cities outside of the United

States. The objects of Underwriters' Laboratories are to conduct scientific investigations, studies, experiments, and tests to determine the

relation of various materials, devices, constructions, and methods

to life, fire, and casualty hazards, and to ascertain, define, and

publish standards, classifications, and specifications for materials,

devices, constructions, and methods affecting such hazards, and

other information tending to reduce and prevent loss of life and

property from fire, crime and casualty.

The majority of underwriters in the United States, and many

Federal, State, and municipal authorities, plant operators, architects, building owners and users either accept or require listing

by Underwriters' Laboratories as a condition of their recognition

of devices, systems, and materials having a bearing upon life and

fire hazards, and upon theft and accident prevention.

It should, however, be noted that findings of Underwriters' Laboratories in any case represent only its independent opinion

arrived at in accordance with its aims and purposes. The correct- ness of this opinion cannot be guaranteed, nor can Underwriters'

Laboratories guarantee that its findings will be accepted or recog229
nized in any individual case. Such assurances can be obtained

only from the authority having jurisdiction.

It should be noted as well that products labeled or listed are not

necessarily equivalent in quality or merit.

In the event of a disagreement between Underwriters' Laboratories and any of its clients with respect to an engineering or

technical matter involving the method of measurement used in the

tests applied by Underwriters' Laboratories, the results of the tests so used, or the interpretation of these results, the question at issue

may be submitted to the National Bureau of Standards, provided

that in the opinion of the Bureau the importance of the case

justifies its acceptance by the Bureau and that parties to the

submission agree in writing to accept and abide by the finding of

the Bureau.

The Underwriters' Laboratories is divided into several engineering departments, each dealing with distinct and separate subjects

as follows: Burglary protection, casualty and automotive, chemical, electrical, gases and oils, and fire protection. Each of these

departments has prepared standards providing specifications and

requirements for construction and performance under test and

actual use of systems, materials, and appliances of numerous

classes submitted to the Laboratories.

The Underwriters' Laboratories has issued more than 230 of

these standards and sets of requirements based on sound engineering principles, actual experience, and an appreciation of the problems of manufacturing, installation, and utility. These standards

are the result of years of research and collaboration by Laboratories' engineers, manufacturers, and recognized specialists in

many fields, including the members of the four Laboratories'

Engineering Councils.

The requirements of a standard are so stated that if correctly

applied, there is no discrimination between the products of two or more manufacturer-submittors. They are published so that others

may know the basis for Laboratories' opinions and the standards

must necessarily justify the opinions. Many of the Laboratories'

standards bear ASA approval.

The standards are an important tool of Underwriters' Laboratories in its established policy of stating the facts concerning

products investigated, and its opinion concerning these facts.

A manufacturer whose product passes the Laboratories'

requirements and for which factory inspections service is to be

established, is provided with a

' 'Procedure" prepared by Laboratories' engineers as part of the work under the application. This

''Procedure" describes and illustrates the product in detail, particularly as to the construction or performance of the features

tested. It becomes the manufacturer's guide for future production, and is used by representatives of Underwriters' Laboratories

in re-examination and periodic check testing. The Laboratories'

factory inspection service of listed products is intended to supplement and check the manufacturer's own regular inspections to insure compliance of the factory output with requirements

established for the product.

Manufacturers, regularly employing inspection service, are

freely consulted in all matters concerning standards of perfor230
mance and inspection in their respective industries.

Under Label Service the manufacturer attaches labels to such of

his products as are found, by the specified examinations and tests conducted by him, to be in compliance with the applicable requirements. The Laboratories' representatives conduct frequent

inspections at the factory in which the products are manufactured

and labeled for the purpose of checking the efficiency of the manufacturer's own inspection program. Should the inspection by the

Laboratories' representative disclose features not in compliance

with the requirements, the manufacturer is required to either correct such items or remove labels from the product. In many

cases, examinations and tests are conducted at the Laboratories on

samples of labeled products purchased on the open market and

serve as a countercheck on factory inspection work. All such

labels (manifests of inspection) include the words ''Underwriters'

Laboratories, Inc., Listed," and are obtainable only from Underwriters' Laboratories. Label service includes listing in the

published records of Underwriters' Laboratories.

More than 1,000,000,000 labels are delivered annually to manufacturer-subscribers to the label service.

A number of Federal Specifications covering material or appli- ances of classes which are under supervision of Underwriters'

Laboratories recognize the Laboratories' label as evidence of

compliance with the applicable requirements of such Federal

Specifications.

The bidder shall submit to the purchasing agency proof that the

material or appliance he proposes to supply under this specification

conforms to the standards of the Underwriters' Laboratories as regards fire and casualty hazards. The label of the Underwriters'

Laboratories will be accepted as conforming with this requirement. In lieu of the label, the bidder may submit independent

proof satisfactory to the purchasing agency that his material or appliance conforms to the published standard, including methods

of test, of Underwriters' Laboratories.

In its work in standardization, the Underwriters' Laboratories

cooperates with many organizations including the United States of

America Standards Institute and National Fire Protection Association. It is also officially represented on many USASI sectional

committees.

The Underwriters' Laboratories also cooperates with the American Society for Testing and Materials through representation on

technical committees dealing with the development of standards

and methods of test for items such as gypsum, electrical insulating

materials, rubber products, bituminous waterproofing and roofing

materials, petroleum products and lubricants, and spread of flame on interior finishes.

UNITED LIGHTNING PROTECTION ASSOCIATION, Albert

Hoefer, Jr., Secretary, P. O. Box 462, Ithaca, N. Y. 14851

Established in 1935, this Association provides reliable educational materials on the hazards of lightning and what constitutes

proper lightning protection. Its members must conform to the

highest standards of lightning protection systems, engineering,

installation and service to maintain membership.

231
Members of the Association serve on numerous committees and

in other key roles in helping to establish various standards and

codes such as the Lightning Protection Code of the National Fire

Protection Association, ahd the Lightning Protection Installation

Requirements Code of Underwriters' Laboratories. The Association is consulted frequently by building supply maufacturers,

insurance firms, safety groups, and power companies to advise on

potential hazards and what constitutes proper lightning protection.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA STANDARDS INSTITUTE,

Donald L. Peyton, Managing Director, 10 East 40th Street, New

York, N. Y. 10016

This is a nonprofit membership organization whose bylaws

provide for membership from national trade, technical and professional groups, firms from commerce and industry, government agencies and departments, consumer groups, and similar

organizations.

This Institute, which replaced the American Standards Association in 1966, was originally organized as the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC) in 1918 by five engineering

societies: the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Civil

Engineers, American Society of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, and the American Society for Testing Materials. The

AESC's initial purpose was to provide means for coordinating the

standards issued by its founders, eliminating confusion and duplication among those standards. Its first act was to invite three

Government departments to join on an equal footing with the

founder societies. The War Department, the Navy Department,

and the Department of Commerce accepted the invitation and the

three representatives from each of these eight groups developed

the principles and procedures which basically applied to the work

of the American Standards Association through August 1966.

Enlarged in 1920 by the addition of trade associations, as well as more technical and professional societies, the AESC in 1928 was

reorganized as the American Standards Association in order to provide a more workable structure. Without significant struc- tural change the Association became the American Standards

Association, Inc., in 1948. The act of incorporation, however,

involved the loss of the Member-Bodies from the Federal Government which then numbered 10. On August 29, 1966, the Association was reorganized as the United States of America Standards

Institute, with a new constitution and bylaws and incorporated,

as in the case of its predecessor, under the laws of the State of

New York. The purpose of the change was to expand the

program and accelerate the output of voluntary national standards.

The Institute serves as the national clearinghouse for standards

and provides the machinery for developing and approving stan- dards which are supported by a national consensus. Article 3, C3.1 of the USA Standards Institute Constitution states: 'In stan- dardization practice a consensus is achieved when substantial

agreement is reached by concerned interests according to the

judgement of a duly appointed authority. Consensus implies

232
much more than the concept of a simple majority, but not

necessarily unanimity."

Technical societies, trade associations, consumer groups, and the

like, make up the Member Bodies of the Institute. Other classes of

members are Company Members, Sustaining Members (individuals or organizations not otherwise eligible for membership but interested in standards development), and Honorary Members. Three

councils make up the operating arms of the Institute—the Member

Body Council, in which the responsibility for the approval of stan- dards rests, and the Company Member Council and the Consumer

Council, both of which have an input into the standards program

of the organization in that they can recommend standards projects

to be developed. Each council may establish such boards and

committees as are considered necessary to accomplish its program. The Member Body Council develops and maintains all procedures relating to the preparation, approval, acceptance, and

designation of standards, and the constitution of standards boards

and committees. The Company Member Council develops programs to maintain liaison with, and represent the interests of, commerce and industry in the work of the Institute. The Consumer Council is responsible for the representation and protection of

the interests of the consuming public in the work of the Institute.

It is also concerned with the application of the Institute's procedures for certification and labeling of consumer goods.

Member Bodies are represented selectively by 16 of the 45 members of the Board of Directors. The remaining Board members

are 12 nominated by the Company Member Council, four nominated by the Consumer Council, four directors-at-large nominated

by the Board of Directors in addition to the president, the three

vice-presidents, the Director of the National Bureau of Standards,

if willing to serve (ex officio, with vote), the chairmen of the three

councils, and the past president of the organization. The Board

of Directors is the governing body of the Institute. It may delegate any part of its authority over conduct of the affairs of the

Institute.

The staff of the Institute, which has no direct part in the

development of standards, provides secretarial services to the stan- dards boards and to the Councils and acts to assist the sponsors of

projects in the solution of organizational and procedural questions.

As of August 1966, there were close to 2,800 USA Standards on

the organization's books. Of these, approximately one-third have

resulted from submittals by competent organizations of standards

which they have developed through their own procedures, together

with evidence as to the existence of consensus in support of such

standards. The balance have come through the work of sectional

committees. A few—mostly simple standards—have been approved after acceptance by a General Conference. Many of the

standards on the current list have been revised a number of times.

Standards approved by the Institute are given the title ''USA

Standard.'^

The USA Standards Institute is the United States member of the

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which now

consists of the national standards bodies of 52 countries. The

United States' viewpoints to be presented in the technical work of

233
the ISO are developed either through the interested sectional committee or through a competent committee of another organization

or, if there be none of these available, through a committee specially organized as a USA Advisory Committee for ISO Technical

Committee. The work of the ISO technical committees results

eventually in ISO Recommendations which may be embodied in the

national standards of the ISO's Member-Bodies. A small number

of ISO Recommendations have so far been embodied in USA Standards. For international standardization in the electrical field, the

Institute provides services to the United States National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission. This latter

autonomous organization which had its inception in 1904 serves as the electrical branch of the ISO and devotes its activities solely to the electrical field. Financial support of the Institute comes from the dues paid by

Company Members, Member-Bodies, and Sustaining Members.

An additional source of income is the sale of USA Standards.

The Institute maintains a library of about 160,000 standards

which includes those received through an exchange system with

the national standards bodies of all countries where such exist.

The library is open to the public.

In addition to USA Standards and the annual catalog thereof,

the Institute publishes monthly the "Magazine of Standards"

devoted to discussions of principles, practice, and application of

standardization and to news on the Institute and international

standardization activities. The Institute holds annually a National Conference on Standards. This usually lasts for 3 days

and includes presentation of papers and discussions of standards

problems at the international, national, industry, and company

levels. The Proceedings of the National Conferences are published

and are available for sale. The "Magazine of Standards" is a part

of the membership service for all members, but it is also available on a subscription basis to individuals not having company affilia- tion, as well as to institutions, libraries, schools, and the like. In

addition, the Institute publishes a monthly newsletter.

UNITED STATES COUNCIL OF THE INTERNATIONAL

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, Morton E. Calvert, Director of

Public Relations, 103 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

The International Chamber of Commerce, with headquarters in

Paris and national committees in 40 countries, promotes standardization in most phases of world commerce. These include banking

and trading procedures, definitions of trade terms, sizes of pallets

and containers, markings for dangerous goods, extent and validity

of distribution statistics, etc. In addition, the Chamber publishes

comparison studies of conditions and regulations affecting such

matters as advertising and arbitration in various countries. It also issues codes of fair play and recommendations for uniformly

high levels of commercial practice. Full information and all publications are available from its United States Council.

UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION, Joseph C. Dey, Jr., Executive Director, 40 East 38th Street, New York, N. Y. 10016

This Association has developed standards for golf balls and golf

clubs. In its current booklet, ''Rules of Golf," this Association's

234
specifications concerning the style and make of clubs, and the size,

weight, and velocity of golf balls, are included. These specifications are applicable to equipment and balls used in connection with

tournaments conducted by this Association or under its rules. U. S. PHARMACOPEIA, PHARMACOPEIA OF THE UNITED

STATES OF AMERICA, UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL

CONVENTION, Dr. Lloyd C. Miller, Director of Pharmacopeial

Revision, 46 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016

This Convention is a nonprofit corporation which meets every 10

years to reorganize the revision program of the Pharmacopeia of

the United States of America. It is made up mainly of representatives of the medical and pharmacy colleges of the United States, of

the State and national medical and pharmaceutical associations,

the national trade associations, and the departments of the Federal

Government most concerned with standards for medical preparations. The Convention elects, for 10-year terms, officers, a Board

of Trustees, and a Committee of Revision consisting of 60 members, each of whom is qualified in a special branch of medicine,

pharmiacy, or the allied sciences. The Convention is financed

mainly through the sale of the Pharmacopeia. The Committee

members receive only modest honoraria for a vast amount of

voluntary work.

The sole object of the Convention is to produce at intervals of 5

years a new revision of the Pharmacopeia by the Committee of

Revision serving under the direction of a salaried, permanent staflP. The revision program includes: (a) Selection of those drugs held

in high esteem as representing the soundest practice of medicine;

(b) the establishment of standards of strength and purity for the

selected drugs; and (c) the provision of tests, assays, and material

standards of reference required to demonstrate compliance with

the specifications set forth. Supplements of the Pharmacopeia are provided as required.

The standards given in the Pharmacopeia are recognized by

Congress in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for the

purpose of regulating the quality of drugs moving in interstate commerce and by the State legislatures in corresponding statutes for enforcement by State agencies.

VACUUM WOOD PRESERVERS INSTITUTE, T. P. Wier, Jr., President, c/o Wood-Protection Company, 5151 Holmes Road,

Houston, Texas 77033

This organization is made up of persons interested and active in

the field of wood preservation. The organization is engaged in

promoting improvement in preservatives and in processes for their

application to wood as well as the standardization of specifications

therefor.

VERMICULITE INSTITUTE, Edward R. Murphy, Executive

Secretary, 208 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60604

This Institute is a national trade association of manufacturers

and processors of vermiculite and has been active in the field of

235
standardization since its inception in 1941. Activity is maintained on committees of the American Society for Testing and Materials

in the field of concrete, gypsum, acoustical materials, fire testing,

thermal insulation, and methods of testing building materials.

Additionally, this organization has participated in standardization activities of the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration

and Air-Conditioning Engineers relevant to the preparation of the

"Guide." The Vermiculite Institute is also active in the American

Concrete Institute and, particularly, on the committees oriented

to lightweight aggregates and lightweight aggregate concrete. Recent activity on the United States of America Standards Insti- tute level in USASI Committee A-122.1 on Vermiculite Concrete

has produced a USA Standard on this material. In addition, the

Vermiculite Institute enjoys activity with the model building codes

active in the United States: specifically, the Uniform Building

Code of the International Conference of Building Officials, the

Basic Building Code of the Building Officials' Conference of America, and the Southern Standard Building Code of the Southern

Building Code Congress. In addition to these national code activities, the Institute, from time to time, takes part in building code

activity of specific municipalities.

VINYL FABRICS INSTITUTE, Paul F. Johnson, Executive Secretary,

60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017

The Institute, through its Technical Committee, has submitted

proposals to the Commodity Standards Division (now Product

Standards Section) of the U. S. Department of Commerce which

have resulted in the publication of Commercial Standard CS258-63

on Expanded Vinyl Fabrics for Apparel Use, and a Tentative

Standard TS-5641B on Expanded Vinyl Fabrics for Furniture

Upholstery Use. Through its Simplification Committee, Simplified Practice Recommendation R242-51 covering Vinyl and

Pyroxylin Coated Fabrics, has been published and updated

through two revisions to make it representative of current in- dustry production.

WALL PAPER INSTITUTE, Joseph Roby, Secretary, 969 Third

Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022

Through the Trade Practices and Standards Committee, the

Wall Paper Manufacturer's Association, predecessor of this Institute, cooperated with the National Bureau of Standards in the

establishment of Commercial Standard CS16-29 covering quality

of wall paper. The Standards Committee of the Institute is charged with the responsibility of determining the need and application of standards for the manufacturers.

WATER CONDITIONING FOUNDATION, R. G. Breeden, Jr., Secretary-Treasurer, 1201 Waukegan Road, Glenview, Illinois 60025

In 1959 the Foundation developed standards for water softening

equipment which have twice been revised and upgraded. In con- 236
junction with the development of standards, WCF has estabhshed

a laboratory to engage in performance testing of equipment.

Units which meet the Foundation's standards carry the WCF

Gold Seal, which assures the consumer that the unit has been

performance tested in conformance with industry standards. The

Foundation has also worked closely with the National Bureau of

Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce, in the development of a Commercial Standard for water softening equipment.

The Foundation is presently pursuing programs for the development of standards for chemical feeders, all types of filter mechanisms, and softening equipment to be used in commercial systems.

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION, Ralph E. Fuhrman, Executive Secretary, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20016

The Federation is concerned with the control of water pollution

through the proper collection and treatment of domestic and

industrial wastewaters.

A principal activity of this organization is the publication of the

monthly technical ''Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation." This Journal, with 13,000 readers all over the world, is the

acknowledged reference for technical information in the field. The Federation is also publisher of the following: Periodic

Indexes of the Federation Journal and a series of Manuals of Practice including the following subjects: "Safety in Wastewater

Works," ''Regulation of Sewer Use," "Units of Expression for

Wastes and Waste Treatment," "Sewer Maintenance," Sewage

Treatment Plant Design," "Design and Construction of Sanitary

and Storm Sewers," "Uniform System of Accounts for Wastewater

Utilities," and "Operation for Wastewater Plants." In addition, the Federation is one of the three sponsoring organizations for the continuing production of "Standard Methods for

the Examination of Water, and Wastewater," which is revised and

published each five years. This publication has become the

standard in the analytical field in matters concerning water and

wastewater.

WATER SYSTEMS COUNCIL, Durward Humes, Executive Secretary,

205 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606

The Council represents and serves the leading manufacturers of

domestic and farm water systems equipment. Approximately 70

percent of all such production is represented by the membership.

The "Testing and Rating Standards" adopted by the Council

have been established in the public interest, and are designed to supply the purchaser and/or user of automatic, electric water sys- tems with accurate performance data and to assist in the determination of proper application and selection of this equipment. Any

manufacturer of electric water systems may indicate adherence to these standards by stating in the specifications and product

description: "Tested and rated in accordance with Water Systems

Council standards." Member manufacturers of the Council may

also affix their "Performance Certified by Manufacturer" seal to products bearing their name or brand name, or incorporate the

seal design in the description of any product to indicate adherence

237
to these Testing and Rating Standards and procedures. The Standards cover: (1) Shallow well water system pumps; (2) deep well

water system pumps; (3) deep well submersible water system

pumps; (4) pump motor standards; (5) submersible pump motor

standards; and (6) hydropneumatic tank volume standards.

WEST COAST LUMBER INSPECTION BUREAU, P. R. Hollenbeck. Executive Vice President, 1410 S. W. Morrison Street, Portland,

Oregon 97205

The Bureau has adopted and revised its standard grading and

dressing rules for Douglas Fir, West Coast Hemlock, Western Red

Cedar, Sitka Spruce and White Fir grown and manufactured in

the West Coast Region, which includes that territory from the

summit area of the Cascades and Sierra Mountains and west to the

sea in Washington, Oregon and California. These rules are in

conformity with American Lumber Standards which are set forth

in the current edition of Simplified Practice Recommendation

16-53, published by the National Bureau of Standards. The

Bureau maintains an Executive Committee which cooperates with

similar committees of other lumber manufacturing associations,

including the American Lumber Standards Committee, relative to the adoption and maintenance of American Lumber Standards.

This Bureau has adopted a grade and trademark insignia which

is officially registered by the Bureau and may only be applied

under individual mill licenses or by inspectors or supervisors of the

West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau. Graders who use the

official stamp are subject to examination for grading efficiency

prior to license being issued. Following the issue of the license,

their work is subject to regular unannounced checkup by the

Bureau's supervisors of grades to insure efficient and accurate

application of the official stamps. The license may be revoked

unless the efficiency is maintained at 95 percent as measured by the

Bureau's standards of grade and official review by grading supervisors. The official trade and grademarks used by this Bureau are

for the purpose of identifying the quality of Douglas Fir, West

Coast Hemlock, Western Red Cedar, Sitka Spruce and White Fir.

These marks identify West Coast lumber as the grades described

in the Bureau's standard grading and dressing- rules. In f^^^ i^^^^ nf

the Bureau's grademark trademark, a manufacturer is identified

by a firm name or trademark or a number assigned to him oy me

Bureau. These marks thus identify the lumber bearing them as of a standard West Coast grade.

Since 1961 the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau has been

actively engaged in simplifying and standardizing its grading rules

in conjunction with agencies in other regions who write rules for

grading softwood lumber. This work is continuing and the

Bureau hopes to soon publish a new grading rules book incorporating simplified and standardized provisions.

WESTERN WOOD MOULDING PRODUCERS, Warren C. Jimerson, Secretary-Manager, 2041 S.W. 58th Avenue, Portland, Oregon

97221

Through the last 200 years, wood mouldings have been made in an infinite number of sizes and patterns. Many of the popular

238
architectural moulding patterns of today can be traced to early

colonial building. There are, however, thousands of moulding

patterns that were designed for a particular purpose. Many of

these no longer exist, or if they do, they are of small consequence

to the industry.

^^'estern Wood ^Moulding Producers has undertaken the development of a moulding catalog that can be used as a standard basis

for all moulding producers throughout the United States. Working with the Southern Pine Association and the Western Wood

Products Association, WWMP has formulated the new moulding

standard and identified it as the "Wood Products Moulding Catalog" ("WP Series," short title) . The WP Series Catalog will show

the patterns produced and used in appreciable quantity throughout

the United States by all geographical areas of moulding production.

The new catalog will be the basis for the development of a Product Standard through the Department of Commerce on wood

mouldings.

WESTERN WOOD PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION, Wendell B.

Barnes, Executive Vice President, 700 Yeon Building, Portland,

Oregon 97204

This Association combines the membership of the former Western Pine Association and West Coast Lumbermen's Association

and has members scattered throughout the twelve Western states. They manufacture Douglas Fir, Larch, Ponderosa Pine, Sugar

Pine, Idaho White Pine, Lodgepole Pine, White Fir, Englemann

Spruce, Sitka Spruce, Western Hemlock, Western Red Cedar and

Incense Cedar.

The Association writes grading rules in conformity with

SPR16-53 for softwood lumber produced in all of the Western

states except the coastal area lying west of the Cascades in Oregon

and Washington and west of the coast range in northern California. In addition, the Association supervises grading by its members and others located in the West Coast area for which grading

rules are written by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau.

Use of the Association's official grade, trade and species marks,

indicates that the lumber was graded under Association supervision by either a member or a nonmember mill. These marks are

protected and can be placed on lumber only by a Western Wood

Products Association Quality Supervisor or by an operator whose

grading practices are given regular and periodic quality supervision by the Association. Each grade stamp carries a mill number

or name so that the shipper can be identified.

The Association's Inspection Certificates financially guarantee

the grade and tally of certified shipments. Also, most members

participate in a program whereby both the member and the Association guarantee to the original consignee the grade of grade

stamped lumber.

WESTERN WOODEN BOX ASSOCIATION, C. O. Thompson,

Secretary-Manager, 55 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco,

California 94105

This Association represents the western wooden box industry in

the performance of standardization functions. Sawn wooden

239
boxes, crates, and lugs manufactured by the industry are produced almost 100 percent for use by the fresh fruit and vegetable

industries.

In California, where most of the box shook manufactured by the

industry is used, the majority of such containers are covered by

standards set up under the California Agricultural Code. In

arriving at the standards so set by law, cooperation between the

wooden box industry, the fresh fruit and vegetable industries,

Trans-Continental Freight Bureau, and the Bureau of Fruit and

Vegetable Standardization (a division of the California Department of Agriculture) is maintained.

The wooden box industry itself has manufacturing standards as

set forth in the Standard Grading Rules for Box Shook 1963.

Whereas the standards set up under the State of California Agricultural Code specify inside dimensions of containers, the Standard Grading Rules provide a yardstick for quality of shook used

in the manufacture of containers.

In addition. Freight Container Tariff No. 1-G provides mandatory standards for minimum thickness and other container specifications for use in movement of perishable fresh produce via rail interstate. Truck movement of sawn wooden nailed containers,

although not covered by container tariffs, for the most part are covered by specifications of inside measurement as set forth in the

California Agricultural Code.

WINE INSTITUTE, Don W. McColly, President, 717 Market Street, San Francisco, California 94103

This Institute devotes its efforts in standardization primarily

towards advocating the adoption of wine and brandy quality stan- dards as established by Federal and State agencies. This Insti- tute's committees make studies and recommendations in connection with standards of identity and quality for wine and brandy.

The recommendations are then placed before official agencies for

consideration in connection with the establishment of new stan- dards or the revision of existing standards.

WOVEN FABRIC BELTING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION,

Penn Affiliates Inc., Managers, 271 North Avenue, New Rochelle,

N. Y. 10801

This Association was organized in 1955 to consider and deal

with common intra-industry problems and to foster and further, in

every lawful manner, the interests of the manufacturers of woven

fabric belting and of allied products and supplies.

In 1959, after many months of cooperative effort, the Association developed and published the first Handbook on Solid Woven

Cotton Belting, containing information on characteristic and applications. The Handbook also defines solid woven cotton belting,

and contains information on available treatments as well as recom- mended standards covering thickness, weights, tensile strength,

and elongation. Information on width, load factor, temperature

resistance, pulley diameters, and lacing is also included.

WFBMA is currently preparing a handbook on splicing and, in

addition, is active in standardization through representation on 240
various USASI national and international committees dealing with

belts and pulleys.

YACHT SAFETY BUREAU, E. S. Terwilliger, Executive Vice

President, 336 Old Hook Road, Westwood, N. J. 07675

Founded in 1947 to advance the basic safety of pleasure boats

and their equipment, this Bureau is engaged in ''testing for public

safety." It is jointly and equally sponsored by the major marine

insurance underwriters and the National Association of Engine

and Boat Manufacturers.

In carrying out its purpose, the Bureau develops standards and

classifications for materials, devices, and methods bearing on basic

safety of boats, against which particular products may be tested

and evaluated for safety. To date, there have been 40 Classification Standards published by the Bureau.

YSB accepts for inspection, testing and safety evaluation products intended for use on or in connection with small boats, primarily pleasure boats, including hulls and entire boats. Listing of a manufacturer's product and use of the Bureau's label certifies that

the production samples tested were found acceptable under the

Bureau's requirements.

241
I
Government Standardizing

Agencies
COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF, NATIONAL BUREAU OF

STANDARDS, OFFICE OF ENGINEERING STANDARDS SERVICES, PRODUCT STANDARDS SECTION, D. R. Mackay, Chief,

Washington, D. C. 20234

The Product Standards Section (formerly the Office of Commodity Standards) cooperates with, and assists groups of producers,

distributors, users, and others interested in the development of

voluntary standards for various products. Standards developed

through this program have included requirements for building

products, ceramic and mineral products, plumbing materials and

fixtures, lumber, millwork and other wood products, paper and

pulp products, textiles and textile products, containers and packages, and plastic materials and products of many types.

Published standards developed by this activity were previously

called ''Simplified Practice Recommendations" and "Commercial

Standards." Simplified Practice Recommendations set forth sizes,

kinds, and types of specific manufactured articles which could be

identified as standard stock items. Commercial Standards established requirements for materials, construction, performance,

testing, grading, and marking of various manufactured products.

Recent revisions of these two types of standards have provided

sufficient evidence of overlapping to suggest that only one type of

standard is necessary. The term 'Troduct Standard" has been

selected to identify future standards developed through this

program.

Procedures for the development of such standards were printed

in the Federal Register on December 10, 1965, to set forth the

mechanics of processing such voluntary standards. These procedures also established a requirement that all standards be reviewed

within five years after issuance or last revision. In addition, all existing standards are being reviewed to determine the need for

revision, amendment, or withdrawal. Standards will be revised or withdrawn if they are obsolete, technically inadequate, no longer

acceptable to or used by the industry, or not in the public interest.

As existing standards are revised, they will become ''Product

Standards."

Standards developed by this activity of the National Bureau of

Standards are voluntary standards established in the public interest to assist manufacturers, distributors, consumers, and users in

establishing requirements for products and in identifying those

products that meet such requirements. These voluntary standards

become established as trade customs through reference in contracts, labels, invoices, or advertising literature, and the provisions

become enforceable through usual legal channels when they are incorporated into a sales contract. The procedures for the development of standards under this

program provide for the circulation of a proposed standard to appropriate producers, distributors, users, consumers, and other

interested groups for consideration and comments. As a result of

the comments and suggestions received, adjustments are made in

the proposed standard which are technically sound and will secure

the greatest acceptance of the standard by industry.

A Standard Review Committee is established consisting of qualified representatives of producers, distributors, consumers, and

244
users of a product for which a standard is sought, to review and

recommend a proposal for acceptance. If any objections are

raised by members of the committee, further adjustments are made and the committee is required to provide information con- cerning the reasons of the majority if such objections are rejected.

When the National Bureau of Standards determines that all criteria and procedures have been met, a recommended standard

may be distributed for acceptance. If the analysis of such a

distribution indicates that the recommended standard is supported

by a substantial segment of the industry, it may be published as a Product Standard.

A Standing Committee is then established to receive and consider proposals to revise or amend the standard in light of changing circumstances. A Standing Committee is representative

of the industry and is adequately balanced among producers,

distributors, and consumers. DEFENSE, DEPARTMENT OF, OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT

SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (INSTALLATIONS AND LOGISTICS), OFFICE OF TECHNICAL DATA AND STANDARDIZATION POLICY, Col. O. C. Griffith, Deputy Director, Washington,

D. C. 20301

The administration of the Department of Defense Standardization Program is a primary responsibility of this office. The Defense Standardization Program is centrally controlled

and directed by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, with operational responsibility assigned to the Departments of the Army,

Navy, Air Force, Defense Supply Agency, and other agencies of

the Department of Defense. The principal objective of the

Defense Standardization Program is to provide uniform

definitions of the technical requirements for parts, equipments and

systems in which the various elements of the Department of Defense have a common interest. The principal products of this

program have been the development of nearly 40,000 specifications

and standards defining the technical requirements of the Department of Defense. This series of technical documents has largely

replaced the individual specifications and standards formerly uti- lized by each of the Military Departments, and provides industry

with a great body of uniform technical requirements to be met by

military suppliers. The use of the specifications and standards is imposed without causing unacceptable compromise of performance, reliability, timely availability or cost of military weapons

systems, and they are revised as necessary to reflect the most

advanced techniques and hardware.

In addition to specifications and standards, the program includes

the effective management of drawings, handbooks, qualified products lists and engineering records. The program covers the entire

cycle from the generation of military operational requirements to the final disposal of items and related technical documentation.

The intent is to minimize the variety of items, processes and practices which are associated with design, development, production

and logistic support; including enhancing the interchangeability,

reliability and maintainability of military parts, equipments and

systems, when essential to the improvement of the operational

245
readiness of the military services. The intimate participation

by military contractors in all phases of the program is required

for its success. Basic policies governing the Defense Standardization Program

require that maximum use be made of available industry standards

which are responsive to Military Departments. In this way, duplication of effort in the development of needed standards between

industry and the Department of Defense is avoided.

The Defense Standardization Program is the largest and most

comprehensive standardization program in the world—governmental or nongovernmental. The specifications and standards

developed by the program are widely used within industry. In

fact, many of its specifications and standards constitute the stan- dard to which industry builds for commercial purposes. The

procedures of the program have been widely copied by individual

industrial firms and industry standardizing organizations as the

basis for their own standardization programs.

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION, FEDERAL SUPPLY

SERVICE, OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND QUALITY CONTROL, George W. Ritter, Assistant Commissioner, Washington,

D.C. 20405

With the passage of the Federal Property and Administrative

Services Act of 1949, known as Public Law 152, 81st Congress,

there came into being on July 1, 1949, for the first time in the

organization of the Federal Government, a general housekeeping

service. The agency thus established by the Congress, known as the General Services Administration (GSA), is made responsible

under the law "to provide for the Government an economical and

efficient system for: (a) the procurement and supply of personal

property and nonpersonal services, including related functions

such as contracting, inspection, storage, issue, specifications, property identification and classification, transportation and traffic management, establishment of pools or systems for transportation

of Government personnel and property by motor vehicle within

specific areas, management of public utility services, repairing and

converting, establishment of inventory levels, establishment of

forms and procedures, representation before Federal and State

regulatory bodies; (b) the utilization of available property; (c) the

disposal of surplus property; and (d) records management." The

Act also gives the Administrator authority to ''establish and

maintain a uniform Federal Supply Catalog System. .

.

GSA Operating Services. The GSA consists of six operating

services: Defense Materials Service, Federal Supply Service,

National Archives and Records Service, Public Buildings Service,

Transportation and Communications Service, and Utilization and

Disposal Service. Each of these is headed by a Commissioner with

the exception of the National Archives and Records Service, which

is headed by the Archivist of the United States. GSA Standardization Activities. The standardization activities

of GSA apply not only to real and personal property but also

extend into certain aspects of standardization of management

practices and procedures. Relating this to the six operating services, it follows that the basic elements for design and the types of

246
materials to be used follow standardized practices for utilizing and

operating buildings, insofar as these involve Federal buildings and

public works under GSA's program. Standardized methods and

procedures for handling records also are established by GSA.

This coordination contributes much to overall standardization and

the attainment of one of the principal objectives of the Act. Office of Standards and Quality Control of Federal Supply

Service (FSS). The GSA standardization program for materials,

supplies, and equipment procured by the Federal Government is centralized in the Office of Standards and Quality Control. This

Office provides nationwide leadership in the development and exe- cution of the programs of FSS concerned with commodity control.

These programs include: (a) development and maintenance of

Federal Specifications and Standards; (b) standardization of

commodities procured by the Government; (c) coordination of

Governmental standardization activities; (d) development and

maintenance of the Federal Catalog System; (e) inspection and

testing of supplies procured under GSA contracts; and (f) coor- dination of participation by GSA technical personnel in activities

of nationally recognized technical societies and standardizing

bodies.

Federal Specifications and Federal Standards. High on the list of progressive steps in commodity standardization is the GSA

regulation on Federal Specifications and Standards and the

recently issued GSA Federal Standardization Handbook which fill a long-time need for a Government-wide statement of policies and

procedures for the development and use of specifications and stan- dards covering items of common use in the Federal Government.

Specifications and standards must reflect the best technical

knowledge and experience of Government and industry, be responsive to technological advances, provide an efficient and economical

medium for filling the procurement needs of Federal agencies, and

make it easier for manufacturers to fill Government orders from

their normal commercial production. Specifically included in the

GSA Federal Standardization Handbook are the policies and

procedures to be followed by all Federal agencies in the preparation of specifications and standards to meet these high objectives.

The Federal Specifications Board and its 77 subsidiary Technical Committees were abolished in 1952. The Board's work was

recognized as competent and authoritative. However, a need was

felt for greater speed and flexibility in the preparation of new and

revised specifications in order to keep ahead of a fast-moving

supply machine. To solve this need, the ''assigned agency" method

of developing new Federal Specifications and revising and amending existing ones was adopted. This method provides the facility

whereby, under GSA's leadership, the wealth of experience and

ability of technical personnel of Federal agencies and industries are utilized in maximum degree. Under the assigned agency

method, Federal agencies are given responsibility for development

of specifications and standards projects for which they have specialized knowledge. As agencies accept assignments, specifications

and standards projects are carefully coordinated to meet the most

pressing needs of agencies.

Also, Interim Federal Specifications were introduced in such a 247
way as to provide urgently needed temporary specifications for

immediate use. This change has resulted in doubling the annual

output of new Federal Specifications, and has accelerated the job

of keeping existing specifications up to date.

To accomplish GSA's standardization objectives, provision had

to be made to limit procurements to standard items. Federal

Standards do this job. They are of five types—(a) Supply Standards: Of these, the limitation standard is significant; it limits

procurements to those qualities, types, and sizes of supply items

which most economically and effectively satisfy the needs of using

agencies. For example, the Standard on Typewriter Ribbons (No.

194) reduced the varieties of ribbons from the 68 previously

bought to 34 covering ribbons for all makes of typewriters, (b)

Test Method Standards: There are more than a dozen of these

documents. They appear as large compilations of widely coordinated test methods covering as many different product or commodity areas. For instance, Federal Test Method Standard No. 791,

Lubricants, Liquid Fuels and Related Products, brings together

the whole category of Test Methods in the field which it covers. It adopts to a great extent the ASTM test methods. The looseleaf

arrangement of the individual test methods permits ready revision.

This standard reflects agreement and uniformity between Government, suppliers, and industrial users of standard test methods,

(c) Material Standards: As an example, Federal Standard No. 66

specifies the chemical composition and hardenability characteristics of steel, (d) Engineering Standards: The Engineering Standard is typified by No. 245 which provides uniform dimensions for

aluminum and magnesium wrought products for use throughout

the Government, (e) Procedural Standards: Federal Standard

No. 5 provides the necessary instructions for preparation of Federal item descriptions so that supply items which will enter a supply system will be cataloged before the item actually enters the

system.

Promulgation of Federal Specifications and Standards by

GSA. Federal Specifications and Standards are promulgated by

GSA. Before approval and promulgation, GSA reviews them to assure that the comments of Federal agencies and suppliers have

been properly incorporated or reconciled. In some instances, it is necessary for the assigned agency, as discussed above, or GSA,

to hold conferences with agencies and industry in further

development before the specification or standard is ready for

promulgation for mandatory use. Although the responsibility for developing Federal and .Interim

Federal Specifications and Standards is in some cases assigned to Federal agencies with their consent, GSA has sole promulgation

authority for them.

The recommendations of Federal agencies and of industry on

the need for amending or revising specifications are most helpful

to GSA in doing this job. In this connection, suppliers are encour- aged to recommend substitute items offering the same or better

service at lower cost than those covered in existing specifications.

Consideration can then be given specification revisions for future

invitations to bid.

Use of Industry Standards in Federal Specifications and Stan248
dards. GSA uses recognized industry and technical society stan- dards in formulating Federal Specifications and Standards. As an

example, coordination with industry and Government resulted in

the adoption of eight industrial methods of testing glassware. The

industrial methods are referenced in a Federal test-method stan- dard, rather than being reprinted. In the field of metallurgy 31

standard methods of testing metals are combined into one Federal

Standard (No. 151).

Use of Federal Standards by Industry. The United States of

America Standards Institute has adopted the Federal Standard for

X-Ray Tube Focal Spot, Method of Measurement. Prior to the

establishment of this standard, there was no commonly accepted

method of measuring the performance of diagnostic x-ray equipment. State governments also have shown a vital interest in

supply standardization by adopting in whole or in part more than

1500 Federal Specifications that were recommended for use by the

National Association of State Purchasing Officials. Federal Cataloging Program. Public Law 152 stipulates that a uniform commodity classification, the uniform stock numbers, and

item identification descriptions are to be used in all applicable

supply activities of Federal agencies. The military departments

have completed the stock numbering and identification of all military supply items and have used the Federal Catalog System exclusively in all their supply activities since December 1958.

GSA has cataloged all of the items in Stores Stocks and Federal

Supply Schedules which it procures for agencies. The items which

civil agencies procure directly from suppliers have for the most

part also been brought into the Federal Catalog System. This

system has eliminated the confusion of many different systems of

stock numbering identifying civil agency items, thus providing a

single basis upon which the functions of requisitioning, procurement, storage, issue, and utilization can be handled without the

confusion of differing numbers, differing item names, and varying

description characteristics.

Too much emphasis cannot be placed upon the significance of the

Federal Catalog Program. Every phase of supply administration

requires the facility of a uniform identity for each individual

supply item. Thus, requirements planning, requisitioning, procurement, warehousing stores issue, utilization, and disposal sales are simplified, expedited, and effectively handled.

The Federal Supply Classification makes possible the organization of supply information, reports, programming, and financial

and inventory control on a comparable basis not heretofore possible. This, combined with the standardization identification number and description, enables the buyer and seller to speak the same language in all dealings, from procurement to utilization

and disposal.

To obtain full benefits of standardization, it was essential that

all items used by Federal agencies be uniformly identified under

the Federal Catalog Program. Since all existing items are now

uniformly identified, standardization can go the whole distance by

eliminating the unnecessary and wasteful items from the supply

system and keep current with the new or revised standards

required by technological changes.

249
Automotive Standards. With the enactment of Public Law

88-515 on August 30, 1964, GSA was required to develop stan- dards for passenger safety devices for motor vehicles purchased by

the Federal Government, to exclude certain vehicles designed for

military field training, combat, or tactical purposes. Pursuant to

this Act, Federal Standard No. 515, Standard Safety Devices for

Automotive Vehicles, was issued June 30, 1965, effective September 28, 1966. Public Law 88-515 also makes provision for

changes in the standard. This is a continuing effort to achieve the

highest practical degree of uniformity and standardization for

reasonable passenger safety devices for Federal Government

motor vehicles. Many of these standard safety devices have been

adopted by the automotive industry for universal application.

Quality Control. The Federal Supply Service is a quality conscious organization that attunes its supply services to the individual requirements of a wide variety of customer agencies. Quality

Control has a vital role in assuring that material supplied is in

compliance with contract specification requirements. This assur- ance is obtained through inspection at origin and destination, and

through operation of a Quality Assurance program.

Shipments of high dollar value are inspected in the supplier's

plant. This has the advantage of requiring the supplier to correct any defects that are found before the material can be moved out

of the plant. It is also mxOre efficient, if material from one production lot is being shipped to several destinations, to perform one

inspection at the supplier's plant rather than inspect at each of ten or more possible locations. Before performing origin inspection,

the quality control representative becomes familiar with the quality requirements of the contract, purchase order, and applicable

governing specifications. He inspects the material for all the characteristics specified, and if necessary, selects a sample to be sent to the Quality Control Laboratory for testing.

Low-value shipments of material for stores stock replenishment

are inspected as they are received in GSA depots. Complex items

are inspected by Quality Control for all specified characteristics,

and laboratory tests are performed as required. If material is rejected, it is returned to the supplier at the supplier's expense.

Shipments of brand name items and other items of very low value,

where health or safety is not a factor, may be examined by receiving clerks in the depots instead of being given a complete inspection by Quality Control. Materials which were inspected at origin

require no further inspection at depots and may move directly to

final storage locations.

Any material in stock in GSA depots which is likely to deterio- rate while in storage, is inspected periodically by Quality Control

to determine whether it is still suitable for issue. This includes

such items as paint, adhesives, typewriter ribbons, and rubber

products.

Quality assurance, as implemented by the Federal Supply Service, is a method of reduced Government inspection which makes

maximum utilization of the quality control systems of suppliers

who have excellent quality control and past performance records.

It provides that suppliers approved for placement under quality assurance procedures may release materials for shipment under

250
the certification of an official of the company, thus eliminating- the

necessity for the release by Federal Supply Service quality control

representatives of each shipment of materials under contract. As

a substitute for Government lot-by-lot inspection, it provides for

periodic surveillance inspection visits by the quality control representative to verify the supplier's quality control over vendor materials, manufacturing processes, products produced, and packaging,

packing and marking. This procedure reduces the Government

inspection and testing time to the minimum required to provide the

Government assurance of receiving materials that completely

conform to contract specifications and standards requirements.

Quality Control in coverage of contracts, is complete as to sampling, inspection, and testing. In addition, it maintains field contract management assistance to the Office of Procurement under

all contracts for which it performs origin inspection. Statistical

sampling techniques are used to determine the number of samples

to select from a given lot to assure maintenance of a specified

qualitv level. Most Federal and Militarv specifications reference

sampling plans from MII^STD-105D.

There is a Quality Control function in each of the ten GSA

regional offices to assure that GSA processes through its supply

system a high quality of supplies and materials that will completely satisfy the requirements of the agencies it services. Nine

of these ten regional Quality Control functions have acceptance

testing laboratories which are staffed with chemists, chemical engineers, and mechanical engineers, who have had long experience in

testing to the requirements of Federal and Military Specifications

and Standards, and other commercial standards, such as ASTM,

AOAC, Department of Commerce Commercial Standards, and

others.

In addition to acceptance testing, these laboratories have proven

to be a valuable source for feedback information to the Federal

Supply Service's Standardization Division in updating Federal

Specifications and for verifying the reliability of test methods proposed in Interim Federal Specifications. The laboratories are

also performing qualification testing for some of the Federal

Specifications that provide for Qualified Products Lists.

Emphasis is placed on requiring GSA suppliers to control the

quality of supplies they submit for acceptance. In this respect, as

in many others, GSA's quality control operations are very similar

to the Department of Defense's inspection and quality control

activities. A paragraph is placed in Part 4 of all Federal Specifications covering supplier responsibility which states that the supplier is required to perform all inspection and tests contained in

the specification.

INTERDEPARTMENTAL SCREW THREAD COMMITTEE, John

R. Rees, Secretary, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. 20234

This Committee replaces the National Screw Thread Commission which was established by an act of Congress in 1918. The

ISTC is responsible for: (1) recommending to appropriate activities research and development efforts relating to screw threads;

251
(2) developing standards for screw threads; (3) participating in

the development of standards for gages, dies, taps, and other items

associated with the manufacture and use of interchangeable

threaded parts employed by Government agencies; and (4) providing advisory services on science, technology, and standards of

practice as these relate to screw threads.

Standards approved by the ISTC are published in National

Bureau of Standards Handbook H28, Screw-Thread Standards for

Federal Services.

The membership of the ISTC consists of representation from the

National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce;

the Departments of Defense, Army, Navy, and Air Force; and

industry. The industry members are chosen so as to be representative of both manufacturers and users of threaded products.

The ISTC works closely with Sectional Committee Bl of the

United States of America Standards Institute. Sectional Committee Bl is concerned with the standardization and unification of screw threads and may well be considered the industry counterpart

of the ISTC. Industry representatives on the ISTC are also members of Sectional Committee Bl, as are many of the Government

members.

JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING, CONGRESS OF THE

UNITED STATES, Hon. Carl Hayden, U. S. Senate, Chairman,

Washington, D. C. 20510

The Joint Committee on Printing ( JCP) has, among other functions, the responsibility for establishing standards and specifications for papers used in public printing and binding. For that

purpose, the JCP established its Committee on Paper Specifications. Mr. John F. Haley is Chairman of that committee, which

also includes representatives of the Government Printing Office;

the General Services Administration; The Departments of Commerce, Army, Navy, and Air Force; and the Defense Supply

Agency.

The JCP has published specifications for 83 varieties of printing

papers and boards in ''Government Paper Specification Standards,"

which also includes appropriate testing and color standards.

These standards are mandatory upon the U. S. Government unless

otherwise authorized by the JCP.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES,

c/o J. R. Van de Houten, Aerojet-General Corporation, Department

1770, Building 2002A, P. O. Box 1947, Sacramento, California 95809

This group is a nonprofit organization of standards and calibration laboratories, in industry, education or government, sponsored

by the National Bureau of Standards, which promotes cooperative action on common problems of management and operations. Liaison relations are maintained with EIA, ASTM, IEEE,

AIAA, ADA, ASQC, USASI, AIA, ISA and SAMA. Its committees of Members' Delegates, under the guidance of an 11-man

Board of Directors, formulate voluntary standards of practice for

the guidance of members, study the calibration needs of science

and industry, conduct measurement agreement comparisons.

252
publish a Directory of Standards Laboratories and available services, hold periodic workshops and Conferences, compile a library

of calibration procedures, and establish performance criteria for

measurement standards and instruments.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, M.

W. Jensen, Executive Secretary, National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20234

The Conference, sponsored by the National Bureau of Standards, is composed primarily of State, county, and city weights

and measures officials, who constitute the ''active" membership. It includes also, as "advisory" members, representatives of the Federal Government who are concerned in any way with regulatory

weights and measures officers or their official activities, or who

are interested in the objectives and activities of the Conference.

A third membership category, "associate members," comprises

representatives of manufacturers of commercial weighing and

measuring devices, business, industry, railroad, and industrial

weighing and scale departments, consumers, and others interested

in the objectives and work of the Conference.

The Conference meets annually to consider various problems

arising in connection with weights and measures administration;

to promote efficiency and uniformity in laws, rules, specifications,

tolerances, and methods of supervision and test; and to coordinate

activities of State and local weights and measures officials. In the development of codes and specifications, tolerances, and

regulations for commercial weighing and measuring devices, the

National Bureau of Standards cooperates closely with the Conference Committee on Specifications and Tolerances. As necessity

arises, these codes are modified, and new codes are formulated,

thus keeping the entire group in line with changing conditions of

the trade and with the developments of the equipment industry.

The Conference codes are published by the National Bureau of

Standards and generally are officially promulgated by the States as published. The reports of the proceedings of each annual meeting

of the Conference also are published by the Bureau.

The Conference has adopted a Model State Law on Weights and

Measures, several model regulations, and from time to time

endorses standard methods of test for commercial apparatus.

The Conference has been effective in bringing about a gratifying degree of uniformity and mutual cooperation among the

States in the matter of weights and measures supervision.

RANGE COMMANDERS COUNCIL, INTER-RANGE INSTRUMENTATION GROUP, Vernon L. Miller, Chairman, Steering

Committee, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico 88002

The Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) is active in

standardization of systems, equipment, and processes in fields re- lated to missile test range instrumentation. Specific areas of con- cern to the IRIG include: Electronic tracking systems (radar,

etc.) ; optical telescopes, cinetheodolites, ballistic cameras, television, etc.; telemetry systems; communications systems (voice and

data); time generation and distribution equipment; command and

253
control systems ; frequency regulation; computers and related data

conversion and formatting equipment; miss-distance measuring

systems; meteorological systems; photographic processing methods

and equipment; data processing methods; electromagnetic propagation theory and effects; and missileborne electronic and optical

beacons.

254
Index

A

Page

Abrasive Grain Association 4 Abrasives 49 ACCIDENT PREVENTION 186

In construction 71 Accidents, cause and

control of 56 Accounting practices for dental dealers 24

Acoustical Society of America 4 Acoustics 4 Adhesive and Sealant

Council 5 ADHESIVES, asphalt and

vinyl asbestos floor tile 70 ceramic tile installation 225 paper box 182 Administrative Management

Society 5 ADVERTISING, newspaper 195 outdoor : 227 Aeronautical weight

engineering 210 AEROSPACE hardware and

materials 5 Industries Association 5 machine tools 5 vehicles 42 AGRICULTURAL Ammonia

Institute 6 chemists 81 engineering 49

Aids, hearing 118 AIR conditioning. 8, 9, 52, 140, 156, 192

conditioning, automotive 84

conditioning equipment,

measuring sound

power of 52 Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute 7 conditioning systems,

measuring sound

transmission through 8

Page

Air—Continued

contaminants, in-plant 22

diffusers 8 Diffusion Council 8 Distribution Institute 8 Filter Institute 8 heating 7, 8, 9 Moving and Conditioning

Association 9 moving equipment, measuring sound power of 9

pollution control 137

Pollution Control Association 9 pollution control in foundries 25 Transport Association 10 AIRCRAFT 210 communications 10 engineering and

maintenance manuals 10 equipment 5 Locknut Manufacturers

Association 122 navigation 10 packaging of parts for 10 procurement of parts for 10

Airfield construction, asphalt 69

Airline equipment,

weight reduction on 210 ALLOYS 55

tin 226

ALUMINUM Association 10 Siding Association 11 Amateur Athletic Union

of the United States 12 AMERICAN Association of Advertising Agencies 12 Association of Cereal Chemists 13 Association of Clinical Chemists 13 255
Page

American—Continued

Association of Motor

Vehicle Administrators 14 Association of Nurserymen 14 Association of State Highway Officials 14 Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 15 Automatic Control Council 16 Automobile Association 16 Bleached Shellac Manufacturers Association 17 Boat and Yacht Council 17

Boiler Manufacturers

Association 18

Bottlers of Carbonated

Beverages 18 Brush Manufacturers

Association 18 Bureau of Shipping 18 Butter Institute 19 Carpet Institute 19 Ceramic Society 20 Chemical Society 20

College of Surgeons 20 Concrete Institute 20 Concrete Pipe Association 21 Conference of Governmental

Industrial Hygienists 22 Congress on Surveying

and Mapping 22 Dental Association 23 Dental Trade Association 24 Die Casting Institute 24 Dry Milk Institute 24

Electroplaters' Society 24 Feed Manufacturers'

Association 25 Foundrymen's Society 25 Gas Association 25 Gear Manufacturers

Association 28 Gem Society 29 Gum Importers Laboratories 29 Hardboard Association 29 Home Economics

Association 30 Home Laundry Manufacturers Association 30 Home Lighting Institute 30 Hospital Association 31 Hot Dip Galvanizers

Association 31 256

Page

Association 32

ixiuiioLriai xiygiene

Association 33

Institute of Architects 33

Institute of Chemical

Engineers 34

Institute of Laundering 35

Tn cfii"!! ri'P IVT 1 fi 1 Ti Metallurgical, and

oO

Institute of Steel

V-'Ullo tl UC tlUli- _ - OO

Institute of Timber

OO

LlUIi dlitl kjUcci XllbLltU.Lt; £} / Ladder Institute 37

J-itJdtllcl ^IlcIIllo Lo Association 38 Library Association 38 juumuer otanciarQS

Mining Congress 40

Mutual Insurance Alliance 40 Nuclear Society 41

wii v^iicinisLS oocicLy - - 41 Optometric Association 42

WxLlilclliCtJ .AooUClct LIU 11 42 Paper Institute . 43 Petroleum Institute 43 Pharmaceutical Association. 46

X lywooQ /i-ssociai/ioii _ - — .'±\j 4fi Public Health Association 47

Public Works Association 47

xvaiiWcty xjiigiiicciiiig Association 48 Road Builders' Association AQ

Society for Abrasive

Methods 49

Society of Agricultural

Engineers 49

Society of Anesthesiologists—- 50 Society of Bakery Engineers

50 Society of Cinematographers— 51 Society of Civil Engineers 51 O • 4- -<? XT 4-* oociety oi xleatmg,

Refrigerating and

/i.ir-uonQiLioning xLiiigiiiccio- 52 Society for Horticultural

Science 52 Society of Lubrication

Engineers — 53 Society of Mechanical

Engineers ......53
Page

American—Continued

Society for Metals 55

Society of Photogrammetry 55

Society for Quality Control 56

Society of Safety

Engineers 56

Society of Sanitary

Engineering 57

Society for Testing

and Materials 57

Society of Tool and

Manufacturing Engineers 62 Soybean Association 62

Spice Trade Association 63 Sprocket Chain Manufacturers Association 63 Standards Association 232 Trucking Association 64 Veneer Package Association 64 Veterinary Medical

Association 64 Walnut Manufacturers

Association 65 Warehousemen's Association 65 Watchmakers Institute 65 Water Works Association 66 Wax Importers and

Refiners Association 67 Welding Society 67 Wood Preservers' Association 67

Zinc Institute 68 AMMONIA, AGRICULTURAL

ANHYDROUS 6 storage and handling of _-._6 AMMUNITION 42 sporting 217 Anesthesia equipment 50 Animal fats 41 Animals, laboratory 146 Anklets and stretch socks 154 Antifreeze corrosion test, automotive 93 Anti-Friction Bearing

Manufacturers Association 68 Apple wraps, oiled paper 103 APPLIANCES, colors for 124 gas 25, 113

gas, installation of 171 household 104, 168 Aquatics 101 ARCHITECTURAL metal 150

Page

Architectural—Continued

Woodwork Institute 68 ARMS, small, military 42

sporting 217 Art materials 102

Artillery 42 ASBESTOS dust

concentration 69

fibre 69

Textile Institute 69 ASPHALT Institute 69 Roofing Industry Bureau 70 and Vinyl Asbestos

Tile Institute 70 ASSOCIATED Cooperage

Industries of America 70 General Contractors of America 71 ASSOCIATION OF American Battery Manufacturers 72 American Feed Control

Officials 73 American Railroads 73 American Wood Pulp

Importers 79 Bedding and Furniture

Law Officials 79 Edison Illuminating

Companies 80

Iron and Steel Engineers 80

Oflacial Agricultural

Chemists 81

Official Analytical Chemists 81

Official Seed Analysts 83 Petroleum Re-Refiners 83

Athletics, amateur 12 Atomic Industrial Forum 83 Audiometers 118 Audio-visual products 161 AUTOMATIC control terminology 16, 53 merchandising 161

sprinklers 162 Automobile Manufacturers

Association 84 AUTOMOTIVE Air

Conditioning Association 84 engineering 210 equipment, military 42 B

Bags, paper, notion and

millinery. 185 257
Page

BAKING and cooking utensils 30 equipment 50 mixes 13

sanitation methods in 13 Bale ties and buckles, for cotton 166

Balls and bearings 68 Band saws 117 Barn Cleaner, Cattle Feeder

and Silo Unloader

Association 110 Barre Granite Association 85 Barrels 70 BARS, STEEL, concrete

reinforcing 96, 218 marking of 157 BATTERIES 72, 106 storage 125 BEARINGS 53

ball and roller 68

tin 226

Bedding 79, 150 Beds 150 BELTING, leather 174 woven fabric 240

Belts and pulleys 141 BEVERAGES 159 carbonated 18 BINDING, library 134

papers, Government 252

Bioacoustics 4 Biological Stain Commission 85 Bituminous Pipe Institute 86

Blades, hacksaw 215

Blankets, bed 160 Blind persons, facilities, education, and services for 96

Blindness, prevention of 191 Blueprints 151 Board, insulating building 129 Boat trailers 86 Boating Industry Association 86 BOATS 17 outboard 86

pleasure 241

Boiler and pressure vessel inspection 163

Boilers 18, 53, 124, 163

Bolts 120, 215

BOOK cloth 87 Manufacturers Institute 87 BOOKBINDING 87

library 38, 216

258

Page

Box shook 239 Boxboard 43 BOXES, paper 182 paper and fiber 185 wood 239 BRAKE drums, automotive,

rebore limits for 193

lining 113 Brandy 240 Brass and Bronze Ingot Institute 87 Brazing 67

Brick, glazed 109

Bricklaying, apprenticeship

training for 71 Bridges 14

British Standards 88 British-American Chamber of Commerce 88 Bronze ingots 87 Brushes 18 BUILDERS' hardware 164 Hardware Manufacturers

Association 88 BUILDING codes 88

construction 33, 71 equipment and supplies,

electrical 168

Officials Conference of America 88 ownership and management 152 Research Advisory Board 146 BUILDINGS, facilities in, for handicapped persons 190

floor measurements of 152 metal 142 Burglary protection 229

Buses, school 165 Business Equipment

Manufacturers Association 89 Butane 195 BUTTER 19 cartons 19 Buttermilk, dry 24

Butters, fruit 183 c

Cable and wire, electrical 129, 168

Cables, electrical 80 Calcium Chloride Institute 90 Calibration and measurement 252 CALIFORNIA Fruit Exchange 90 Olive Association 90 Cancer programs, approval of 20
Page

Candelilla wax 67 Canned fruits and vegetables 91 Canners League of California 91 Canning Machinery and

Supplies Association 91 CANS, fibre 170

for fruits and vegetables 164

tin 91 Canvas Products Association

International 91 Carbide, cemented 92 Carbonated beverages 18 CARGO, SHIPBOARD,

handling and storage of- 164

inspection of 164 Carnauba wax 67 Carpentry, apprenticeship

training 71 Carpet underlays,

institutional 128 CARPETS 19

institutional cleaning and

maintenance of 128 packaging and shipping 19 Cartons, ice cream 132 CAST IRON Pipe Research

Association 91

Soil Pipe Institute 92 Caster and Floor Truck

Manufacturers' Association 92 CASTING, investment 133

materials, foundry 25

materials, steel foundry 220 CASTINGS, carbon steel 220

iron, gray, ductile,

and white 115 malleable . 135

tin 226

Catalogue sizes 157

Cattlehides, commercial

trim for 223 Cement masonry,

apprenticeship training 71 Cemented Carbide Producers

Association 92 CERAMIC products 20

tile 225, 226

tile, adhesives for 5

tile installation 226

CEREAL chemistry 13 grains 13

Institute 93

Page

Cereals, breakfast,

packaging of 93

Certified Milk Producers

Association of America 93 CHAINS 152 sprocket-driven 63 transmission 53 Chalk 102 CHEMICAL additives for foods 146

additives for water 66 engineering equipment 34

Specialties Manufacturers

Association 93

toxicology, industrial 146 CHEMICALS 137, 146

analytical reagent 20

color designations 132 nomenclature 20 CHEMISTRY, clinical 13

oil 41 CHEMISTS, agricultural 81

analytical 81 Chimneys, concrete 20

Chlorine Institute 94

Circuits, printed 127

Civil engineering ___51 Clams 197 CLAY, modeling 102 Products Association 94

products, structural 222 sewer pipe 94 Sewer Pipe Association..— 94

Cleaners, asphalt and vinyl asbestos floor tile 70 CLEANING compounds 93 equipment, ultrasonic 228 and painting steel 221

solutions, beverage bottle. 18

Clinical chemistry 13

Cloth, book 87 CLOTHING 131

military 146

protective occupational 122

Cloths, wiping 159 Coal mining 40 COATINGS, pipe 91

protective 182 COLOR Association of the United States 95 and color names 132

forecasts 95

Colorfast textiles 153 259
Page

Colorfastness to drycleaning 175 Colorimetry 196 COLORS for dental equipment 24

for leather products 223

official and standard 95 COMMERCE, Department of 244 world 234

Commercial Standards 244

Commission on Standards

and Accreditation of Services for the Blind 96 Commodity Standards 244

Communication and

signalling equipment 168 Communications equipment

and systems 106 Compounds, sealing 5 Compressed Gas Association 96 Computers 89 CONCRETE 20

floor finishes 20 formwork for 20 mixers and pavers 71 pipe 21 precast 20

prestressed 202

ready-mixed 184

ready-mixed, equipment

operation 184

reinforced 20 Reinforcing Steel Institute 96 CONSTRUCTION, accident

prevention in 71

Specifications Institute—. 97

steel 36 timber 36 CONTAINERS, dairy products,., 145 food transport 153

freight, cargo, and van 53 frozen food 154

fruit and vegetables 64, 70

kitchen, mass feeding 184 paper 198 paper shipping 157

spice 63

steel shipping 221

tin 226

Contaminants, airborne,

in-plant 22 Contract forms 157 CONTRACTING, mechanical- 140

Plasterers' and Lathers'

International Association 98

Page

Contracto*-s Pump Bureau 72, 98 Conveyor Equipment

Manufacturers Association 99 Cooking and baking utensils 30 COOLERS, bottled beverage 52 water 7, 52 COOLING Tower Institute 99 towers, industrial 53 Cooperage 70 Cordage Institute 100 CORES, magnetic 144 and tubes, fibre 170 Cork Institute of America 100 Corn Industries Research

Foundation 100 Corrosion prevention 153 COSMETICS 137 chemical analysis of 81 raw materials for 226

COTTON bale ties and buckles. 166 thread 225

Cottonseed products 166 COUNCIL for National

Cooperation in Aquatics 101

of National Library

Associations 101 Cranes, overhead, electric 105 Crash helmets 217 CRATES, fruit and vegetable 64 milk bottle 145 wood 239 Crayon, Water Color,

and Craft Institute 102 Cream 19 Crops, drying, processing,

storage, and handling 49 Crude oil 43 Crushed stone 167 Cups, paper 198 Curbs and sidewalks 47 Curtain walls, metal 150 CYPRESS 174 southern 214 D

DAIRY and Food Industries Supply Association 102 processing equipment 102

products, containers for 145

products, examination of- 47 DATA PROCESSING 5 Management Association 102 260
Page

Decimal inch 62 Decorating 197

Decorators, apprenticeship

training for 197 Defense, Department of 245 DENTAL dealers,

accounting practices for 24 equipment, colors for 24

materials and instruments 23 Deodorants 93 DEPARTMENT OF Commerce 244 Defense 245

DETERGENTS 93 presence of in water supplies 210 DIAMOND Fruit Growers 103 Walnut Growers 103 Diamonds, industrial 62, 120 Diaper processing and

sanitation 175 Diazotypes 151 Die castings 24

Diesel Engine Manufacturers

Association 103

Diffusers, air 8 Disc recording and

reproduction 151 Dishhandling, commercial. 154 Dishwashing, commercial 154

Disinfectants 93, 159

Disinfecting bedding and

upholstered furniture 79

Distilled Spirits Institute ^ 104

Distribution equipment,

electrical 168 Door units, wood 188, 194 DOORS, screen 209

steel 219

Dough and flour 13 Drainage, roof 207 Dried Fruit Association

of California 104 DRUGS 46, 146, 173, 199, 235

Chemical analysis of 81

color designations 132 veterinary 64 DRY cells and batteries 106 milk products 24 DRYCLEANING 35, 175

solvents 175 Dryers, home 30 Dumbwaiters 170 DUST, asbestos, determining

concentration of 69

Page

Dust—Continued

explosion hazards 171 Dyes, textile 15 E

Earth-moving machinery 210 Eaves trough 159 Edison Electric Institute 104

Elastic Fabric Manufacturers

Institute 105 ELECTRIC Fuse

Manufacturers Guild 123 Overhead Crane Institute 105

utility equipment 104 water systems 237

ELECTRICAL Apparatus

Service Association 106

codes 104, 131 engineering 125 equipment and apparatus...__.125, 168

fire hazards 171

safety 168

safety inspection 131 systems for mobile homes 227

Electrically conductive

ceramic tile 226

Electroacoustics 4 Electrochemical Society 106

Electrodeposited tin 226 ELECTRONIC equipment

and components 106, 125 equipment, high fidelity_ 126

Industries Association.-. 106

Electroplating 24 Electrotyping 131 Elevators 33, 53, 170 ENGINEERING, aeronautical

weight 210

agricultural 49 automotive 210

civil 51

electrical 125 environmental 126 Foundation—Welding

Research Council 108 mechanical 53 metallurgical 35 motion picture 212

nuclear 41 petroleum 35 photogrammetric 55 safety 56

sanitary 57

television 212 261
Page

ENGINES, diesel 103 gas 103

internal combustion 130, 210

Entomological Society of America 108 Environmental engineering 126 Erosion control on farms 49

Escalators 53, 170

EXPLOSIVES 171

railroad transportation of 78 EYE glasses 42, 196

protection, industrial 191 F

FABRIC, elastic 105

steel wire, concrete

reinforcing 96 FABRICS, narrow, nonelastic 146

vinyl 236

wool 160 Facing Tile Institute 109

Facsimile and television systems 106 Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation 109 Fans, ceiling, wall, oven, and range hood 118 FARM equipment

and machinery 49 and Industrial Equipment

Institute .110 structures 49 Fasteners, industrial 120 Fats and oils, animal, marine,

and vegetable 41 FEDERAL Catalog System 246

Specifications and

Standards 246

Supply Service 246

Federation of Paint and

Varnish Production Clubs 110 FEED, chemical analysis of 81 com 100

drying, processing, storage,

and handling of 49 and livestock remedies 73 manufacture, distribution and sale of 25, 73 Feeding, mass, kitchen

utensils and containers for. 184

Felt Manufacturers Council 111 Fence posts, steel 218

Page

FERTILIZERS 183 chemical analysis of 81 Fiber boxes, corrugated 185 Fibre cans, tubes and cores 170

Film, dental radiographic 23

Filmstrips, 35mm single frame 161 FILTERS, air 8 water 66 FIRE control 162

control equipment 42, 171 prevention 171

protection 171, 229

protection in restaurants 184

protection in warehouses 65 safety 40 Firearms, sporting 217

Fire-insulated security

equipment 208

Fires, motor vehicle,

investigation of 163

Fittings and valves 135, 215

Flammability of textiles 153

Flat Glass Jobbers

Association 111 Flaxseed and flaxseed products 172 FLOOR finishes, concrete 20

finishes, waxes and polishes 93 measurements for buildings 152

underlayment, particleboard 182 FLOORING, asphalt and

vinyl asbestos tile 70 hardwood 139, 181

hospital surgical, conductive 192 laminated hardwood block 118 oak 181

terrazzo 192 FLOORS, precast concrete 20

slate 190 Flour and dough 13 FLUID Controls Institute 112 power systems and componentS-...172

Fluorescent lighting 206 FOOD 159

additives, chemical ...-137 chain management 153 chemical additives for— 146 chemical analysis of 81

Facilities Engineering

Society 112

frozen, containers for 154 262
Page

Food—Continued

frozen, handling and

shipping 154 handling equipment 154 handling and transport 153

military 146

plant 183 preparation and service,

commercial 154

processing, production

and storage 146

service equipment 112 Foreign standards 234

Forging Industry Association 113 Forms, contract 157 Foundries, safety, hygiene,

air pollution, and noise

control in 25 FOUNDRY casting materials 25 sands 25

steel, raw materials for casting 220 Frames, ophthalmic 196

Freezers, home 52

Friction Materials

Standards Institute 113 FROZEN FOOD containers-. 154 handling and shipping 154 FRUIT breeding and

nomenclature 52

butters, jams, jellies, and preserves 183 canned 91, 103

dried 104

fresh 90, 103 and fruit powders 159

Fuels, automotive 84 Fumigants for bedding and

upholstered furniture 79 FURNACES, gas 25

oil 124 FURNITURE, office 5 upholstered 79 Fuses, electric 123 G

GAGES - 62 pressure and vacuum 53 Gaging, screw thread 53 GALVANIZED products. 31, 68 Ware Manufacturers

Council 113 Galvanizing 31 Garments 131

Page

GAS Appliance Manufacturers

Association 113

appliances, equipment,

and accessories - 25 appliances and piping,

installation of 171 compressed 96 engines 103

natural 43 natural and LP 195

piping 25

production, transmission,

and distribution equipment 113 GASES, flammable 171 waste, petroleum refinery,

disposal of 43 GASOLINE 43, 195

tanks, underground 222 Gears 28, 53, 215 Gemological Institute of America 114 Gems 29, 114, 133 General Services

Administration 246

Generating equipment,

electrical 168 GENERATORS, electric, rebuilding of 106

ultrasonic electrical 228 Glaucoma screening 191

Glazing, glass 111

Glue, animal 155 Golf 235

Governmental purchasing 176 GRAINS, abrasive 4

cereal 13

distillers, dried 104

Granite, Barre 85 Gravel 187 Gravure Technical Association 114 Gray and Ductile Iron Founders' Society 115 GREASE hood and duct systems-_-184

lubricating 178 GRINDING Wheel Institute 116 wheels 4 Guided missiles 42 Gummed Industries Association 116 GYMNASIUM flooring 139

seating, folding and

telescopic 189 GYPSUM Association 116 263
Page

Gypsum—Continued

Roof Deck Foundation 117 wallboard, adhesive for 5 H

Hack and Band Saw

Manufacturers Association

of America 117 Hacksaw blades 215 Handicapped persons, facilities in buildings for 190 Hardboard products 29 HARDWARE 194 aerospace —- 5 builders' . 88, 164

industrial 53

stores, operation and

merchandising 185 HARDWOOD Dimension

Manufacturers Association... 117

flooring 139 lumber 174 lumber, southern 215

Plywood Manufacturers

Association.— 118

wall paneling 174 HAZARDOUS materials,

devices, and constructions 229

substances, analysis of 81 HEALTH, environmental,

in chemical industry 137

industrial 186

public 47

safety 40 Hearing Aid Industry

Conference 118 Heaters, gas 25 HEATING 124, 140, 156

district, steam 168 equipment, measuring

sound power of 52

for mobile homes 227

oil 124 warm air 7, 8, 9, 52, 192 Helmets, crash .....217 Herbs . 63 Hide trim, cattlehide .....223 Hides and skins „ 155 High fidelity electronic equipment ......126 HIGHWAY construction,

asphalt 69

legislation and finance 49

Page

Highway—Continued

Highways 14, 49 Research Board 146

safety ...16, 166 HOME economics 30

Ventilating Institute 118 Homes, mobile 145, 227 Hood and duct systems, grease 184

Horticulture 52 Hosiery 155 HOSPITAL care of patients 20

statistical procedures 20

supplies and equipment 31

surgical flooring, conductive 192 HOSPITALS, accreditation of ......20 tuberculosis,

administration of 192 Hot metal stamping 113 Hotel supplies and equipment 32 Household appliances 104, 168 Housing 47 Hydrocarbons, petroleum

liquid 43 HYGIENE in foundries 25

industrial 22, 33 I

Ice cream containers 132 ILLUMINATING

Engineering Society 119 equipment, electrical 168 Incandescent lighting 206

Inch, decimal 62

Incinerator Institute of America ...119 Incinerators, gas 25 Indiana Limestone Institute

of America 120 INDUSTRIAL chemical

toxicology 146

control apparatus 125 Diamond Association of America „ 120

electrical apparatus 168 eye protection and lighting 191 and farm equipment 110 Fasteners Institute 120 gas equipment 25

health 186 hygiene 22, 33

lighting 206 Management Society 121 Medical Association 121 264
Page

Industrial—Continued

protection equipment and

materials 109 Safety Equipment

Association 122 Truck Association 122

ventilation 22 Industry Service Bureaus 122 Information processing 89 Ingot brass and bronze 87

Ingots, tin 226

INKS, 4-color process proofing. 12 printing 110, 183 INSECTICIDES- . 93, 108

for bedding and upholstered

furniture 79 INSTITUTE OF Appliance

Manufacturers . 124

Boiler and Radiator

Manufacturers 124

Electrical and Electronics Engineers 125 Environmental Sciences 126 High Fidelity 126 Printed Circuits 127 Scrap Iron and Steel 127

Traffic Engineers 128 INSTITUTIONAL Research

Council 128

supplies and materials .—.128

textiles 32 INSTRUMENT calibration. 53

Society of America 128 INSTRUMENTS, dental 23 laboratory 209 medical 13 ophthalmic 42 Insulated Power Cable

Engineers Association .....129 Insulating materials, electrical_..._.__168 INSULATION Board Institute 129 mineral wool 180

thermal, inorganic 177 Interdepartmental Screw

Thread Committee .......... ....251 Internal Combustion

Engine Institute 130 INTERNATIONAL Association

of Electrical Inspectors 131 Association of Electrotypers

and Stereotypers .__..131 Association of Garment

Manufacturers 131 Association of Government

Page

International—Continued

Labor Officials 131 Association of Ice Cream

Manufacturers . 132

City Managers' Association 234

Electrotechnical Commission......132 Organization for Standardization 233 Inter-Range Instrumentation

Group 253

Intersociety Color Council 132 Investment Casting Institute 133 IRON . 37

castings, gray, ductile,

and white 115 scrap 127 and steel producing industry 80

Irrigation, farm 49 J

Jam, fruit:. 183

Jars, canning 91

Jellies, fruit 183 Jewelers Vigilance Committee 133 Jewelry 133 JOINT Committee on Magazine

Advertising Reproduction. 12 Committee on Printing 252

Electron Device Engineering

Council 107

Joists, open web steel . 220

Jute packing 228 K

Kitchen utensils and containers, mass feeding 184 L

Labeling of hazardous chemicals ... 209 Labor . 131 LABORATORY animals 146

apparatus 137 apparatus and instruments 137 Lacquer 110, 182 LADDERS ...-37 metal and fiberglass 143 Lath, metal 144 Lathing 98 LAUNDERING 35

effects on clothing serviceability.. .35 home, dictionary of terms 30

of rental linens and towels 134 LAUNDRY appliances, home 30 265
Page

Laundry—Continued

management training 35 Lawn mowers, power 196 Laws, model. State, county and

city legislation 181 Lead Industries Association ....134 LEATHER 38, 174

products, colors for 223

weight, thickness, and trim 223

Legislation, model laws for State, county, and city ....181 Lenses, ophthalmic 42, 196

Librarianship 38 LIBRARIES 38

special 216

LIBRARY Binding Institute.. 134 bookbinding 38, 216

supplies and equipment 38 work and documentation 101 Lifeguards, training of 101 LIGHTING 80, 119 home 30

industrial 206

school 33 Lightning protection 125, 171, 231 Lime, quick and hydrated 178 LIMESTONE, Indiana .. ... 120

pulverized 202

LINEN Supply Association of America 134 thread 225

Linseed oil and meal 172

Liquids, flammable 171 Livestock remedies and feed 73 LOCKNUTS 120

aircraft 122 Loss prevention 109, 229 LUBRICANTS, automotive 84

industrial 53 LUBRICATING grease 178

oil, industrial and heavy duty

automotive engine 130

oil, re-refined 83

oil systems, industrial 53 LUMBER 39, 150 hardwood .....174 and lumber products 172 redwood 205

softwood Western 239 southern hardwood 215

walnut 65 West Coast ... 238

Page

M

MACHINE TOOLS 53, 179 aerospace 5 MACHINERY, packaging of 197 power transmission 141 Machines, office 5, 89 Magazine Publishers Association 12 MAGNETIC cores 144

Materials Producers Association. 135 Malleable Founders' Society 135 Manufacturers Standardization

Society of the Valve and

Fittings Industry 135 Manufacturing Chemists'

Association 137 Map construction, photogrammetric 55 Maple Flooring Manufacturers

Association 139 Mapping . 22 Marble Institute of America 140 Marine oils 41 Marking Device Association 140 MATERIALS handling equipment.. .92 testing 57

testing, nondestructive 212 MATTRESSES 150

institutional 128 MEAL, corn 100

linseed 172 soybean 191 Measurement and calibration 252

Measurements, ophthalmic 42 Measures and weights 253 Meats and meat products 159 MECHANICAL Contractors

Association of America... ...140 engineering 53 Power Transmission

Association 141 shock and vibration 4 MEDICAL instruments 13

sciences 146

service programs 121

supplies, civil defense and

military 146

supplies and equipment 31 Mellon Institute 142 Merchant marine ships ...212 Mercury lighting 206

METAL, architectural 150 Building Manufacturers

Association 142

curtain walls 150 266
Page

Metal—Continued

Cutting Tool Institute 143 Ladder Manufacturers

Association 143 Lath Association 144 marking tools and dies 140 Powder Industries Federation 144

roof deck 219

sheet 159 Metallurgical engineering 35 METALS 55 chemical processes in production of .__-.137 filler, for welding 67

precious .....133 Meters, water 66 Metrology, dimensional 53 Microelectronics 106 Microfiche 179 Microfilm 179 Microphotography 179 Microreproduction 179 MILITARY armament 42

clothing, food and shelter 146

Specifications and Standards 245

MILK 49, 93

Bottle Crate Manufacturers

Council 145 Industry Foundation _.__.145 processing equipment 145

products, dry 24 Mineral wool products ...180 Mining 35, 40

Missile test range

instrumentation .....253 Missiles, guided 42 Mixer Manufacturers Bureau 72 Mixes, baking 13 Mixing equipment, concrete .....184 MOBILE HOMES 227 Manufacturers Association 145 MODEL laws, State, county,

and city legislation 181

railroads .....180 Monorail Manufacturers

Association 145 Monuments, Barre Granite 85 Mortar, application

by pneumatic pressure 20 Mortars for ceramic tile installation .....225 Mosaic tile, ceramic 226

Mosaics 192

Page

Motel supplies and equipment 32 Moth repellents 175 MOTION PICTURE

engineering . 212

production methods and

equipment 51 MOTOR carrier safety 156

vehicle brake drums, rebore

limits for 193

vehicle drivers' licenses 16

vehicle driver-training 16

vehicle fires, investigation of 163

vehicle legislation 16

vehicle parking facilities 16

vehicle traffic 166

vehicles 84, 210

vehicles, air conditioned 84

vehicles, inspection require- ments for 14, 84

vehicles, licenses to operate 14

vehicles, safety glazing

materials for 14, 84

vehicles, sports racing ..._.217 vehicles, stolen, recovery of 163 MOTORS, electric, rebuilding of .....106 outboard 86 water pump ..._237 Mouldings, wood 238 Movie projectors 161 Mowers, lawn, power 196 MUNICIPAL administration

and services .._-132 plumbing 192 N

Narrow Fabrics Institute 146 NATIONAL Academy of Sciences..l46 Aerospace Standards Committee ...5 American Wholesale Lumber

Association 150 Association of Architectural

Metal Manufacturers 150 Association of Bedding

Manufacturers 150 Association of Blueprint and

Diazotype Coaters 151 Association of Broadcasters___. ___.151 Association of Building

Owners and Managers 152

Association of Chain

Manufacturers 152 Association of Corrosion

Engineers 153 267
Page

National—Continued

Association of Finishers of

Textile Fabrics 153 Association of Food Chains -—153

Association of Food Equipment Manufacturers 154

Association of Frozen Food

Packers 154

Association of Glue

Manufacturers 155 Association of HosieryManufacturers 155 Association of Importers and

Exporters of Hides and

Skins 155 Association of Motor Bus

Owners 156

Association of Plastic Fabricators 156

Association of PlumbingHeating-Cooling Contractors.__156

Association of Purchasing

Agents 157 Association of RelayManufacturers 158 Association of Sheet Metal

Distributors 159

Association of State Purchasing Officials 159 Association of Wiping Cloth

Manufacturers 159 Association of Wool

Manufacturers 160 Audio-Visual Association 161 Automatic Merchandising

Association ....161 Automatic Sprinkler and Fire

Control Association 162 Automobile Theft Bureau 163 Board of Boiler and Pressure

Vessel Inspectors 163

Builders' Hardware Association ..164 Bureau for Lathing and

Plastering 98 Canners Association 164 Cargo Bureau 164 Commission on SafetyEducation 165 Committee on Uniform

Traffic Laws and

Ordinances 166

Page

National—Continued

Conference of Standards

Laboratories 252

Conference on Weights and Measures 253 Cotton Compress and Cotton Warehouse Association 166 Cottonseed Products Association 166

Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 167

Crushed Stone Association 167

District Heating Association 168 Education Association 165

Electrical Manufacturers

Association 168 Elevator Manufacturing

Industry 170 Fibre Can and Tube Association 170 Fire Protection Association 171 Flaxseed Processors Association 172

Fluid Power Association 172 Forest Products Association 172 Formulary- . 46, 173 Hardwood Lumber Association ....174 Industrial Leather Association 174

Institute of Diaper Services 175

Institute of Drycleaning 175

Institute of Governmental

Purchasing 176

Insulation Manufacturers

Association 177 League for Nursing 177 Lime Association 178 Lubricating Grease Institute 178 Machine Tool Builders' Association 179 Microfilm Association 179 Mineral Wool Insulation Association 180 Model Railroad Association 180 Municipal League 181 Oak Flooring Manufacturers'

Association 181

Paint, Varnish and Lacquer

Association 182 Paper Box Manufacturers

Association 182 Particleboard Association 182 Plant Food Institute 183 268
Page

National—Continued

Preservers Association 183 Printing Ink Research

Institute 183 Ready Mixed Concrete

Association 184 Research Council 146 Restaurant Association 184

Retail Hardware Association 185

Retail Merchants Association.....l85 Safety Council 186 Sand and Gravel Association 187

Sanitation Foundation 187 Sash and Door Jobbers

Association 188

Scale Men's Association 188 School Supply and Equipment

Association 189

Silo Association 189 Slag Association 189

Slate Association 190

Society for Crippled Children

and Adults 190

Society for the Prevention of Blindness 191 Soybean Processors Association 191 Sprayer and Duster Association 110 Supply Association of America 192 Terrazzo and Mosaic Association .^...192 Tuberculosis Association 192 Warm Air Heating and Air- Conditioning Association 192 Water Well Association 193 Wheel and Rim Association 193 Wholesale Hardware Association 194 Wooden Pallet Manufacturers

Association 194 Woodwork Manufacturers

Association 194 NATURAL GAS 43 Processors Association 195 New England Shoe and Leather

Association 195 Newspaper Advertising Executives Association 195 Noise in foundries 25 NUCLEAR energy 83 instrumentation 125

Page

Nuclear—Continued

reactors 53

science and engineering 41 Nursery stock 14 Nursing services and education 177

Nutrition ..146 Nuts 120 o

Oak flooring 181 Oakum 228 OCCUPATIONAL rating plan . ...121 safety 40 Oceanography . 146 OFFICE furniture 5 machines 5, 89 OIL burning equipment,

installation of 171 chemistry 41 corn . 100 crude 43

linseed 172

lubricating, industrial and

heavy duty automotive

engine .130 lubricating, re-refined 83 soybean 191

Oils and fats, animal,

marine and vegetable 41

Olives 90 OPHTHALMIC lenses 42 measurements 42

spectacles 42, 196 OPTICAL Manufacturers

Association 196

Society of America 196

Optics 196 Optometric instruments 42 Ouricury wax 67 Outdoor Power Equipment

Institute 196 Oyster Institute of North America . 197 P

PACKAGING of hazardous

chemicals 137 Machinery Manufacturers

Institute 197

for salt 208 Packings, mechanical leather 174 PAINT 110, 182 pavement marking 128 Portland cement base,

application of 20 269
Page

Painters, apprenticeship

training for 197 PAINTING and Decorating

Contractors of America 197

steel - 221

Paints, finger 102

Pallet stacking frames

and racks 203

PALLETS 53 food handling 153 wood 194 PAPER, blueprint and

diazotype 151 boxes 182, 185 Cup and Container Institute 198 manufacture and use 224 and pulp 43 and pulp mills 43 shipping containers 157

specialty 216

wall 236

Paperboard 43, 182, 216

Paperhangers, apprenticeship

training for 197 Paperhanging 197 Papers, Government

printing and binding 252

Paper-synthetics 224 Parking facilities for motor vehicles 16 Particleboard 182

Partitions, folding, sound

transmission through 189 PAVEMENTS 47

concrete 20

Perlite Institute .-.-_198 Persons, handicapped, facilities in buildings for 190 PESTICIDES 52 chemical analysis of 81

residue in cereal grains 13 PETROLEUM 43 engineering 35 industry equipment

and methods 43

products, transportation

and marketing 43

refineries 43 Pharmaceutical Manufacturers

Association 199 Pharmaceuticals 137 Pharmacopeia of the United

States of America 235

Page

Phonograph records 204

Photochemistry ..___196 Photogrammetric engineering 55 Photogrammetry 55 PH0TOGRAPHIC interpretation.....55

Society of America 199 Photography 196, 199 Photometry .__„196 Physical sciences, symbols,

units and nomenclature 146

Pine, southern 215

PIPE, bituminous 85

coatings 91

concrete 21 Fabrication Institute .....200 and fittings, cast iron 91 and fittings, soil, cast iron 92

flanges and fittings 53 Line Contractors Association 200

sewer, clay 94 wrought iron and steel 215 PIPING ._.53, 140, 200 gas 25 pressure 91 water works 66 Plant food 183

Plastering 98 PLASTIC fabrication 156 laminate ...-_156 PLASTICS 137 and plastic products .....213 PLUMBING 47, 57, 156, 192 equipment 53 home laundry requirements 30

lead 134

for mobile homes 227 PLYWOOD, hardwood 118 softwood 46

Polish, asphalt and vinyl asbestos floor tile 70 Polishes 93 Porcelain Enamel Institute 200 Potentiometers, precision 201 POWDER Actuated Tool

Manufacturers' Institute... 200 diamond 120 metal 144 Power transmission machinery 141 Precision Potentiometer

Manufacturers' Association 201 Preservative treatment

for millwork 194

Preservers, wood 67, 235 270
Page

Preserves, fruit 183 PRESSURE Sensitive Tape

Council 202

vessel and boiler inspection 163

vessels 53, 163 Prestressed Concrete Institute 202

Printed circuits 127 PRINTING, gravure 114

inks 110, 183 magazine advertising

reproduction 12 papers, Government 252 Product Standards 244 Propane 195

Protection, eye, industrial 191 PROTECTIVE coatings 110, 182 occupational clothing 122 PUBLIC health 47

health schools 47

health workers,

qualifications for 47 works 47

Pulleys and belts 141 PULP and paper 43 and paper manufacture

and use 224 and paper mills 43

sulphite 223 wood 79 Pulverized Limestone

Association 202 PUMPS, contractors' 71, 98 sump L,223 water system 237 water works 66 PURCHASING 157, 159

executives, training and

certification for 176 governmental 176 Q

Quality control 56 R

Rack Manufacturers Institute 203 Radargrammetry 55 RADIATION hazards,

radio-frequency 125

protection . 83

protection and measurement 167 symbols 83 Radiators 124

Page

RADIOACTIVE materials,

handling of 167 waste disposal 167 Radiometry 196 Railroad construction and

maintenance 48 RAILROADS —-73

model 180 RAILWAY engineering 48

Tie Association 203

Wheel Association 203 Range Commanders Council 253 Rebinding, library 134 Record Industry Association

of America 204

RECORDING, sound _-._125 sound, disc and tape 151

tape, magnetic 204

Red Cedar Shingle and

Handsplit Shake Bureau 204

Redwood Inspection Service 205

Refrigerated truck trailers 227 REFRIGERATING Engineers

and Technicians Association _._.205 equipment, measuring

sound power of 52 REFRIGERATION 7, 52

food, commercial .-__154 Refrigerators, household 52 Reinforced concrete 96 Relays 158

Resins, natural 29 Resistance Welder Manufacturers Association 206

Rice Millers' Association 206

Rims and tires 226

Rivets 120 RLM Standards Institute 206

Roadbuilding machinery . 210 Roads . 14, 47 Roadside development 14, 16 ROOF deck, metal 219 Drainage Manufacturers

Institute 207 ROOFING, asphalt 70

lead 134 ROOFS, precast concrete 20

slate 190 RUBBER Manufacturers

Association 207

products 207 Reclaimers Association 208 271
Page s

Safe Manufacturers National

Association .,.-.208 SAFETY 186

in chemical laboratories 137 engineering 56 equipment 122

fire 40

in foundries 25

glazing for motor vehicles 14, 84

health 40 motor carrier 156

occupational 40

traffic 40

valves, boiler and pressure

vessel ..___163 SALT Institute 208

packaging 208 Sand 187 Sands, foundry 25 Sanitary engineering 57

Sanitation methods 187

Sanitizers 93 Saws, hack and band 117

Scaffolding, steel 220

Scales, weighing ._.__188 SCHOOL buses 165 equipment and supplies 189

lighting 33 safety patrols 16

Scientific Apparatus

Makers Association 209 SCRAP iron and steel 127 rubber 208 Screen Manufacturers

Association .....209 Screens, separating, for mineral aggregates 167 SCREW thread gaging 53 threads 251

SCREWS .....120 cap ...123 machine .....124 socket and set 123 tapping 123 wood .....124 Scuba 101 Sealants 5 Seating, gymnasium

folding and telescopic 189 Seed testing 83 Seismology 146

Page

Semitrailers, inspection

requirements for 14

Septic tanks 222

Service Tools Institute 123 Sewage treatment 210, 237 SEWER construction and

maintenance 237

pipe, clay 94 Sewers 47 Sheet metal 159

Shellac 17

Shelter, military 146

Shingles and shakes, red cedar 204

SHIP Classification 18

hulls, merchant 146 surveys 18 SHIPBUILDING ....__18 merchant marine 212 SHIPPING 18

containers, steel 221 SHIPS 18 merchant marine 212 Shock and vibration, mechanical 4 Shoe lasts 195 Shook, box 239

Shoring, steel 220 Shower receptors, terrazzo 192 Shrinkage of textiles 153 Sidewalks and curbs 47

Siding, aluminum 11 Signalling and communication

equipment 168

Silk thread 225 SILOS 189

concrete 20

Simplified Practice

Recommendations . 244

Skins and hides 155 Slag 189

Slate 190 Soap and Detergent Association 210 SOCIETY of Aeronautical

Weight Engineers 210

of Automotive Engineers 210

of Motion Picture and

Television Engineers .212 of Naval Architects and

Marine Engineers . 212

for Nondestructive Testing 212

of Plastics Engineers 213

of the Plastics Industry 213

Socket Screw Products Bureau 123

Socks, stretch, and anklets 154

272
Page

Softwood plywood 46

Soil, irrigation, drainage, and

erosion control on farms 49

Solder, tin 226

Soldering 67

Solvents, Stoddard and 140-F 175

Sonics 4 SOUND 4 equipment 106

Steel—Continued

cleaning and painting of construction

Deck Institute Door Institute Founders' Society of America

and iron producing industry—

Joist Institute Scaffolding and Shoring

Institute recording and reproduction,

disc and tape 151 underwater 4 SOUTHERN Cypress Manufacturers Association 214 Hardwood Lumber

Manufacturers Association..__._215 Industrial Distributors' Association 215 Pine Inspection Bureau „_.215 Soybeans and soybean products. 62, 191 Space vehicles 210

Special Libraries Association 216

Specialty Paper and

Board Affiliates .....216 Spectacles, ophthalmic 42, 196 Spectrophotometry 196

Spices 63

Spirits, distilled 104 SPORTING Arms and

Ammunition Manufacturers Institute 217 goods 12 SPORTS, amateur athletic 12 Car Club of America 217 Spot and stain removal

from fabrics 175 Spring Manufacturers

Institute 218

Sprinklers, automatic 162 Sprockets and chains 63

Stains, biological 85 Stamping, hot metal 113 STANDARDS Engineers

Society 218

Laboratories, National

Conference of 252

Starch, corn 100 STEEL ._.__.37 Bar Mills Association 218

bars, concrete reinforcing 218

bars, marking of 157

Page

-.221

.-_...36 ...219 -.219

..220

-...80

...220 220

scrap 127 Shipping Container Institute 221

structural 36 Structures Painting Council 221 Tank Institute 222 Window Institute 222 Stereotyping 131

Sterilizing bedding and upholstered furniture 79

Stockings, nylon . 155 Stoddard solvent 175

Stone, crushed 167

Stones, nonprecious 133 STORES, hardware, operation

and merchandising .....185 retail, systems and operation 185 STRUCTURAL Clay Products

Institute .....222 steel 36 timber 36

Stucco... 98 Sugar, "bottlers" .18 Sulphite Pulp Manufacturers'

Research League 223 Sump Pump Manufacturers

Association 223 Surface qualities 53 Surgery, graduate training

programs in 20 Surveying . 22 SWIMMING pool screens 209

pools 101

pools, public . 47 Syrups and sugars, corn 100 T

Tableware, plastic 31 TANKS, chemical storage and

processing 53 hydropneumatic 237

military 42

steel 222

steel, water 66 Tanners' Council of America 223 273
Page

Tanning, leather 38 TAPE, magnetic recording 204

paper, gummed, sealing 116

pressure sensitive 202

recording and reproduction 151 woven nonelastic 146 Tapping Screw Service Bureau 123

Tarpaulins, canvas 91 Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 224 Telephone Group 224 TELEVISION engineering 212 and facsimile systems . 106 Tempera 102 Terneplate 159

Terraces, slate 190 Terrazzo 192 TESTING materials 57

of materials, nondestructive 212 Textbook manufacturing 87 TEXTILE dyes 15

finishes 153

leather 174 TEXTILES 185

asbestos 69 chemically treated 15

institutional 32 Thermal insulation, inorganic 177 Thermometers, laboratory 137 Thread Institute 225 Threaded products 251

Ties, railway 203 TILE, ceramic, adhesives for 5 concrete drain 21 Contractors Association of America 225

Council of America 226 facing 109

floor, asphalt and vinyl asbestos 70 TIMBER construction 36

structural 36 Tin Research Institute 226

TIRE chains 152 and Rim Association 226

Toilet Goods Association 226

Tooling nomenclature 62 TOOLS 62 carbide tipped 92 diamond dressing 120 and dies, metal marking 140 machine 53, 179 mechanics' hand service 123

Page

Tools—Continued

metal cutting 143 powder actuated 200

Towels and linens, rental 134 Towers, industrial cooling 53, 99 Toxicology, industrial chemical 146 TRACTORS, farm 49, 210

inspection requirements for 14 TRAFFIC Audit Bureau 227

control devices 128 highway 14 laws 16, 166

ordinances, city. State, and

highway 84

safety 40

safety of pedestrians in 16

signs 16

Trailer Coach Association 227 TRAILERS, boat 86

inspection requirements for__ 14

travel 145, 227

truck, refrigerated 227 Transformers, rebuilding of 106 Transmission equipment,

electrical 168 Transportation of hazardous

chemicals 137 Travel trailers 145, 227

TRUCK-Trailer Manufacturers

Association 227

trailers, jumper cables and

wiring for 64 Trucks, industrial 122

Tuberculosis hospital

administration and therapy 192 Tubes and cores, fibre 170 Twisted Jute Packing and

Oakum Institute 228

u

ULTRASONIC Maufacturers

Association .__-.228 testing of metals 212

Ultrasonics 4 Underwater sound 4 Underwear Institute 228

Underwriters' Laboratories 229

UNITED Lightning Protection

Association 231

States of America Standards

Institute 232

States Cap Screw Service

Bureau 123 274
Page

United—Continued

States Council of the Inter- national Chamber of Commerce 234

States Golf Association 235

States Machine Screw Service Bureau 124

States Pharmacopeia 235

States Pharmacopeial

Convention 235

States Wood Screw Service

Bureau 124 Upholstered furniture 79

Utensils, kitchen, mass feeding 184 V

Vacuum Wood Preservers

Institute 235 VALVES and fittings 135, 215

safety, boiler and pressure

vessel 163 Varnish 110, 182

V-belts and drives 53 VEGETABLE breeding and

varieties 52

oils 41 VEGETABLES 159 canned 91 Vending machines 161

Ventilating, home ..___118 Ventilation, industrial 22 Vermiculite Institute 236

Veterinary medicine 64 Vibration and shock, mechanical. 4 VINYL asbestos floor tile 70 Fabrics Institute __-.236 Vision testing 191

Visual sensitometry .___196 Vitamins, assay in cereal grains 13 w

Walks, slate 190 WALL coverings, institutional 128

paneling, hardwood 174 Paper Institute 236

Wallboard, gypsum, adhesive for 5 Walls, movable, sound trans- mission through 189 Walnut lumber 65 Walnuts 103, 104 Warehouse industry 65 Wash-and-wear textiles 153 Washers, home 30

Page

Wastes, petroleum refinery,

disposal of 43

radioactive, disposal of —.167

Wastewater works 237

Watches 133 Watchmaking 65 WATER, chemical additives for 66

colors 102 Conditioning Foundation 236

coolers 7, 52 drainage on farms 49

pollution control 66, 137

Pollution Control Federation-...__237

repellent textiles 153

repellents 175

softening 236

supplies, detergents in . 210

Systems Council 237

tanks 66 waste, petroleum refinery,

disposal of 43 and wastewater, examination

of 47, 66

wells 193 works 66, 135 Wax, asphalt and vinyl asbestos

floor tile 70 WAXES 93 carnauba, candelilla, and

ouricury 67 Webbing, woven nonelastic 146 WEIGHING machines 188

procedures, aeronautical 210

Weights and measures 253

WELDING 67

pipe 140 Research Council 108

resistance 206

Wells, water 66, 193 West Coast Lumber Inspection

Bureau .....238 WESTERN Wood Moulding

Producers 238 Wood Products Association 239 Wooden Box Association 239 WHEELS, grinding 4, 116

grinding, diamond 120 railway .-___203 Window units, wood 188, 194 Windows, steel .....222 Wine Institute 240

Wiping cloths ..-..159 WIRE and cable, electrical 129, 168 275
Page

Wire—Continued

fabric, steel, concrete

reinforcing 96

sizes 53 WOOD, millwork, preservative treatment for 194 mouldings 238

preservers 67, 235 products 172 pulp 79 window and door units 188, 194 Wooden boxes and crates 239

Page

Woodwork, architectural 68 Wool 160 Woven Fabric Belting

Manufacturers Association 240

Y

Yacht Safety Bureau .-___241 z

Zinc and zinc products 68 Zinc-coated products 68

276
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards^ provides measurement and technical information services essential to the efficiency and effectiveness of the work of

the Nation's scientists and engineers. The Bureau serves also as a focal point

in the Federal Government for assuring maximum application of the physical

and engineering sciences to the advancement of technology in industry and

commerce. To accomplish this mission, the Bureau is organized into three

institutes covering broad program areas of research and services: THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS ... provides the central basis within the United States for a complete and consistent system of physical

measurements, coordinates that system with the measurement systems of other nations, and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform

physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. This Institute comprises a series of divisions, each

serving a classical subject matter area: —Applied Mathematics —Electricity —Metrology—Mechanics —Heat

Atomic Physics—Physical Chemistry—Radiation Physics—Laboratory

Astrophysics^—Radio Standards Laboratory,^ which includes Radio Stan- dards Physics and Radio Standards Engineering—Office of Standard

Reference Data. THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH . . . conducts materials research and provides associated materials services including mainly reference materials and data on the properties of materials. Beyond its direct interest

to the Nation's scientists and engineers, this Institute yields services which

are essential to the advancement of technology in industry and commerce.

This Institute is organized primarily by technical fields

:

—Analytical Chemistry—Metallurgy—Reactor Radiations—Polymers

Inorganic Materials—Cryogenics^—Office of Standard Reference Materials. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY. . . provides technical services

to promote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological

innovation in industry and government. The principal elements of this Institute are: —Building Research—Electronic Instrumentation—Technical Analysis

Center for Computer Sciences and Technology—Textile and Apparel Technology Center—Office of Weights and Measures—Office of Engineering

Standards Services—Office of Invention and Innovation—Office of Vehicle

Systems Research—Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical

Information^—Materials Evaluation Laboratory—NBS/GSA Testing

Laboratory.

^ Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing

address Washington, D. C, 20234.

2 Located at Boulder, Colorado, 80302.

3 Located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia, 22151.

l^rU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1967-0 245-638




i