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NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 550

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards

A Bibliography on the

Corrosion and Protection

of Steel in Concrete
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

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wnv 1 3 1979

A Bibliography on the Corrosion ^

and Protection of Steel in Concrete so

E. Escalante and S. Ito

Center for Materials Science

National Measurement Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

Sponsored by:

Federal Highway Administration

Department of Transportation

Washington, DC 20590

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Luther H. Hodges, Jr., Under Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

JQ NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

Issued August 1979
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-600082

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 550

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 550, 24 pages (Aug. 1979)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1979

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

Stock No. 003-003-02106-7 Price $1.50

(Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing).
Contents

Abstract 1

1. Introduction 1

2. Subject Index 2

3. Author Index 3

iii

A Bibliography on the Corrosion and Protection of Steel in Concrete

E. Escalante and S. Ito*

This is a bibliographic list of references of published papers, reports, and talks about the

corrosion of steel in concrete and related subjects. The references are presented in two forms:

1) a subject index divided into six major subheadings including reviews, factors affecting corrosion,

measurement techniques, protection techniques, concrete design, and related fields, and 2) an

author index in alphabetical form. A total of 394 references are listed covering the period from

1964 to November 1978.

Key words: Bridge deck; concrete; corrosion; corrosion of steel; rebar corrosion; reinforced

concrete.

1. Introduction

The corrosion of steel in concrete and the resulting

damage to structures continue to be a problem of

increasing magnitude. The situation is further aggravated where deicing salts containing chlorides are used, and it is of particular concern in the case of

highway bridge decks. Too often the corrosion of

steel causing the concrete structure to deteriorate is evident only after extensive damage has occurred.

As new designs in materials and construction are

used, a system should be developed for evaluating the

deterioration of the steel before structure failure occurs. Considerable research has been conducted on the

corrosion of steel in concrete. The effect and interaction of pH, chloride concentration, moisture content,

and oxygen in concrete have been investigated by

various groups, but because of the complexity of the

problem, many questions remain unanswered.

This is a survey report on the literature of the cor- rosion of steel in concrete covering the period from

1964 to November 1978. The references are presented

in two forms. First is a Subject Index in which the

references are identified by a number under subheadings. These numbers refer to the second form of the

references which is an alphabetical listing of the

authors numbered from 1 to 394 entitled Author Index.

The Subject Index is divided into six subheadings

which are listed and described as follows:

I. General Survey and Review (14 entries)

Over the past 10-15 years, the deterioration of concrete structures has increased considerably. The 1969

annual total cost estimated for restoration and protection of bridges on the interstate road system was $2.6

billion. These entries describe the different environments that concrete structures encounter in a stressed

and unstressed condition and case histories of problems that have developed.

II. Research on Factors Affecting the Corrosion of

Steel in Concrete (111 entries)

The corrosion of steel in concrete is a complex phe- nomenon. However, four factors can be identified as having a direct effect on the observed deterioration.

These are, 1 ) pH of the concrete, 2 ) chloride concen-

* Research Associate, Nippon Steel Co., Japan

tration, 3) oxygen concentration, and 4) moisture.

This index reveals that many studies have been con- ducted on chloride and its effects while considerably

less work has been reported on the effects of pH, oxygen, and moisture. Furthermore, stress corrosion of

steel in concrete has not been reported to be a serious

problem in the United States as it has in other

countries.

Questions remain on just how the above factors

interact with each other resulting in the corrosion of

steel in concrete.

III. Detection and Measurement Techniques

(22 entries)

Evaluating the corrosion of steel in concrete before

external signs show has been difficult. An empirical

technique widely used is making half cell potential

measurements over the surface of a bridge deck. More

recently other techniques, such as ac impedance and

the various polarization methods have been reported

as showing promise in laboratory studies. Commercial

instrumentation is now available for evaluating the

deterioration of small metal probes that can be imbedded in concrete in close proximity to the metal of

interest.

IV. Corrosion Protection Techniques (75 entries)

A variety of corrosion protection systems have been

developed. These range from modifications of the

chemistry of the concrete to isolating the steel from

its environment through the use of coatings. Electrochemical techniques such as cathodic protection have

also been used. The application of a satisfactory protection system to an existing structure is yet to be developed though some advances have been reported.

V. The effect of Concrete Mixture, Admixture, and

Structural Design on the corrosion of steel (107

entries)

The environment in which the structural steel finds

itself is the dominating factor in the resulting corrosion that it suffers. Already mentioned are some of

the chemical parameters that are a part of this environment. It has been reported that the design of the concrete mixture has a very important influence on these

parameters. The entries in this section discuss the

effect of water to concrete ratios, additives that serve

as barriers to chloride, shrinkage compensation, and

others.

1
VI. Other fields Relating to the Corrosion of Steel in

Concrete (31 entries)

The experiences gained in other areas such as off- shore concrete structures, desalination plants, reinforced concrete roofs are valuable. The conditions to which some of these structures are subjected are sometimes far more severe than those found on a bridge

deck. The solutions to their problems can be useful

in gaining a further insight to the corrosion of steel

in concrete. A large portion of the references were taken from

the National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

data base on corrosion of reinforced concrete. These

references are identified by an AD or PB identification

code. Other references have been taken from the engineering data base also published by NTIS. Springfield,

VA. The remainder, and the most up to date refer- ences, have been obtained through manual and computer searches here in the National Bureau of Standards Library.

2. Subject Index

I. General Survey and Review

18. 35, 126. 152, 201, 239. 262, 284. 293. 309.

318, 325, 370, 388. 393.

II. Research on Factors Affecting the Corrosion of

Steel in Concrete

a) General Research

17, 31, 56. 60. 62, 80, 83, 85. 102, 111, 113.

114, 121, 134, 135. 136, 137, 143. 148, 158,

159, 160, 181, 185, 200, 237, 246, 249, 268,

273, 282, 287, 305. 332, 336. 337, 347, 348,

353, 355, 357, 363, 365, 371, 375, 390.

b) The Effect of pH of Concrete

24, 25.

c) The Effect of Chloride Concentration in

Concrete

4, 10, 11, 23, 28. 64. 66, 68. 81, 104, 129,

130, 202, 222, 242, 263, 264, 281, 300, 307,

308, 326, 327, 328, 334, 346. 351, 364, 377,

383, 386, 391.

d ) The Effect of Oxygen Concentration in

Concrete

131.

e) The Effect of Moisture in Concrete

2, 156, 193, 227.

f ) The Effect of Stress

6, 8, 22, 34, 36, 55, 107, 123, 124, 139, 150.

165, 198, 210, 232, 244, 256, 259, 261, 267,

297, 301, 302, 317, 369, 382.

g) Field Studies

19, 39, 50, 51. 52, 88. 96. 99, 108, 127, 278,

312, 341, 368, 380.

III. Detection and Measurement Techniques

a) Half Cell Potential Measurements

38, 70, 184, 211, 335, 338, 349, 350, 354.

b ) Electrical Resistance Measurement

189.

c) AC impedance Measurements

95.

d) Other

21, 26, 47. 117. 118. 155. 194. 270, 324. 329,

358.

IV. Corrosion Protection Techniques

a) Metal Coated Steel

50, 84, 103, 112, 144. 145, 146. 151, 172, 176,

217, 258, 274, 275, 276, 289, 295, 296. 340.

366, 367, 372.

b) Nonmetallic Coatings on Steel

9, 12, 48. 53. 72. 73, 74, 75, 76. 77. 82, 101.

229, 255. 280, 288. 294, 321.

c) Cathodic Protection

94. 98, 115, 116. 192. 203, 241. 314. 319, 352,

378, 379.

d) Corrosion Inhibitors

3, 43. 86. 132. 133. 142. 21-1. 265. 271, 310,

311,394.

e) Coatings on Concrete

13. 40, 41. 79, 92, 164, 171, 179. 180. 245,

291, 306.

V. The Effect of Concrete Mixture, Admixture, and

Structural Design on the Corrosion of Steel

a ) Mixture Design, Admixture

1, 14, 16. 32, 33, 37, 44, 46, 57. 59, 61, 63. 67,

69, 89, 90, 97, 105. 106, 109, 122, 128, 138,

140, 153. 166, 167, 168, 169, 173, 177, 187,

196, 199, 204, 219, 221, 223, 225, 226, 231,

233, 234, 235, 236, 240, 243, 247, 252. 254,

269, 271, 285, 290. 298, 303, 304, 30, 331,

339, 343, 344, 384.

b) Structural Design

5, 20. 30. 42, 49. 54. 71, 91. 93. 158, 161, 162,

183, 186, 197, 213. 220, 228, 230, 238, 260.

266. 277, 283, 316, 360, 373. 374, 376, 385.

2
c) Special Treatment Techniques for Concrete

27, 45, 58, 87, 110, 157, 182. 212, 216. 218.

250, 251, 345, 356, 361.

VI. Other Fields Relating to the Corrosion of Steel in

Concrete

7, 15, 29, 78, 100, 119, 120, 125, 127, 141, 170,

174, 188, 190. 191, 195, 205, 206, 207, 209, 224,

279, 286, 299, 322, 323, 330, 362, 381, 387, 392.

3. Author Index

[1.] Abramov, S. K., Korinchenko, I. V.. et al.. Doigovechnost' Fil'Tratsinnogo Betona V

Usloviyakh Korrozii Pervogo Vida, (Durability of Premeable Concrete under the Conditions of the First Kind), Beton Zhelezobeton, No. 7, 35-36, (July 1974), in Russian.

[2.] Abrams, M. S., Monfore, G. E., Application of a Small Probe-Type Relative Humidity Gage

to Research on Fire Resistance of Concrete,

J. PCA Res. Deve. Lab., 7, No. 3, 2-12

(1965).

[3.] Akimova, K. M., Ivanov, F. M., O Zashchite Armatury Ot Korrozii Ingibitorami V Agressivnyka Sredakh, (Corrosion Resisting In- hibitors for the Reinforcement Protection in

Aggressive Medium ) , Beton Zhelezobeton,

No. 2, 38-39, (February 1976), Russian.

[4.] Akimova, K. M., Ivanov, F. M., Influence of

Chlorides on Corrosion of Reinforcement in

Concrete, J. Appl. Chem., 44, Pt. 2. No. 2,

363-366, (February 1971).

[5.] Aldridge, Weldon W., Ghaffarzadeh, Mehdi,

et al., Effect of Corrosion and Bar Spacing on Bond Properties of Reinforcing Bars in

Concrete, Oklahoma Univ. Research Inst., PB-189, 334, (February 1970).

[6.] Alekseev, S. N., Krasovskaya, G. M., et al., Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Thermally Hardened Reinforcement of Prestressed Reinforced-Concrete

Structures, Foreign Technology Div. WrightPatterson AFB Ohio, (June 9, 1972), Rept.

No. FTD-MT-24-1864-71, AD-749 636.

[7.] Alekseev, S. N., Tykva, P. N, Korroziya Armatury V Pokrytii Tsekha Asbestotsementnykh Trub, (Corrosion of Concrete Reinforcements in the Roofs of Industrial Plants

Built for the Manufacture of Asbestos Cement Pipes), Beton Zhelezobeton. No. 3,

27-28, (March 1974), in Russian.

[8.] Alekseev, S. N., Mulin, N. M., Resistance of a High Strength Bar Reinforcement Against

Corrosive Cracking, Beton i Zhelezobeton,

No. 10, 8-10, (October 1971), in Russian.

[9.] Anon, Epoxy Protective Coatings for Concrete Reinforcement, Am. Highways, 52,

No. 3, 5, (July 1973).

[10.] Atimtay, Ergin, Ferguson, Phil M., Early Chloride Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete—

A

Test Report, J. Am. Concrete Inst., 70, No.

9, 606-611, (September 1973).

[11.] Atimtay, Ergin, Ferguson, Phil M., Early Chloride Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete—

A

Test Report, Mater. Performance, 13, No.

12, 18-21, (December 1974).

[12.] Backstrom, T. E., Use of Coatings on Steel

Embedded In Concrete, Am. Concr. Inst. Annu. Spring Meet., publ. by ACI, Detroit,

Mich., (1975).

[13.] Baker, C. A., PVC Lining for Corrosion Protection of Concrete in Sewerage Systems,

Austalas Corros Eng.. 19, No. 4, 15-24,

(April 4, 1975).

[14.] Barrick, J. E. II, Krokosky, E. M., Effects of

Temperature and Relative Humidity on

Static Strength of Hydrated Portland Cement, J. Test Eval.. 4, No. 1, 61-73, (January

1976).

[15.] Bates, Carlos G., Evaluation of Concrete and

Related Materials for Desalination Plants,

Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo., (May

1968), PB-207 030.

[16.] Batson, Gordon B., Strength of Steel Fiber

Concrete in Adverse Environments, Clark- son Coll. of Technology, Potsdam, N.Y.,

(June 1977), AD-A041 380/7ST.

[17.] Baugh, Ian, Bowen, G. L., Corrosion in Ferrocement, J. Ferrocem., 5, No. 4, 13-27,

(1976).

[18.] Bawa, N. S., Asante, Y., Concrete and Reinforced Concrete in Hot Countries, 2nd,

RLWM Int. Symp., Proc. Technion, available from Build. Res. Stn., Technion, Israel

Inst, of Technol. Haifa, (1971).

[19.] Beaton, John L., Spellman, Donald L., et al., Corrosion of Steel in Continuously Submerged Reinforced Concrete Piling, California State Div. of Highways, PB-173 819,

(January 1967).

[20.] Beeby, A. W., Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete and Its Relation to Cracking,

Struct. Eng., 56A, No. 3, 77-81, (March

1978).

[21.] Benenson, Harry, Method for Reducing the

Cost of Corrosion Testing of Reinforcing

Steel, California State Div. of Highways,

PB-190 562, (November 1969).

3
[22.] Berissi, R., Lazzeri, L., Experimentation D'Un

Nouveau Procede De Reinjection Des Gaines

De Cables De Precontrainte, (New Process

for Reinjecting the Prestressed Cable

Sheaths), Lab. Cent Ponts Chaussees Bull

Liaison Lab Ponts Chaussees, No. 82, 41-46,

(March-April 1976), in French.

[23.] Berman, H. A., Determination of Chloride in

Hardened Portland Cement Paste. Mortar,

and Concrete, J. Mater., 7, No. 3, 330-335,

(September 1972).

[24.] Berman, H. A., Sodium Chloride, Corrosion of

Reinforcing Steel, and the pH of Calcium

Hydroxide Solution. J. Am. Concr. Inst., 72,

No. 4, 150-157, (April 4, 1975).

[25.] Berman, H. A., The Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Corrosion of Concrete Reinforcing

Steel and on the pH of Calcium Hydroxide

Solution, Federal Highway Administration.

Washington. D.C.. (January 1974). PB228 679/7.

[26.] Berman, H. A.. Does Voltage Measurement

Detect Salt Corrosion of Concrete Reinforcing Steel?, Public Roads, 39, No. 4, 158-162,

(March 4. 1976 ).

[27.] Berman. H. A.. Chaiken, B., Techniques for

Retarding the Penetration of Deicers into

Cement Paste and Mortar. ( December 1972)

.

Report No. FHWA-RD-72-46. RB-219 833/1.

[28.] Berman, H. A., Chaiken, B., Techniques for Retarding the Penetration of Deicers into Cement Paste and Mortar. Public Roads. 38,

No. 1, 9-18, (June 1974).

[29.] Bertrandy, Rene, Corrosion A La Mer De

Structures En Beton Arme Et Precontraint,

(Corrosion at Sea of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures). Ann. Inst. Tech. Batim. Trav Publics, No. 360, 61-75,

(April 1978)

.

[30.] Bezler, P., Hendrie. J. M., et al.. Design Studies on Multistage Flash Distillation Vessels.

Brookhaven National Lab., Upton. N.Y.,

(July 1971) , paper copy available from GPO

as stock no. 2400-0639. PB-202 776. price

$1.00.

[31.] Bird, C. E., Callaghan, B. G., Corrosion of

Reinforcing Steel and Other Metals in Concrete, and the Possible Effects of Galvanic

and Stray Currents, CSIR Conference S144,

(October 1977) , South Africa.

[32.] Birulya, A. F., Maslakov, A. D., Manufacture

of Chemically Resistant Structures from

Steel (plus) Polymer Concrete, Sov. Plast.,

No. 12, 25-27, (1972).

[33.] Bishara, A. G., Tantayanondkul, P., Use of

Latex in Concrete Bridge Decks, Federal

Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.,

(June 1974). Report No. FES-435, PB242 286/3ST.

[34.] Blunk, G., Smoczyk. H. G., Modellverschuche

Zur Spannungskorrosion Hochfester Spannstaehle In Nichtcarbonatisiertem Beton,

(Model Tests Concerning Stress Corrosion

Cracking of High Strength Prestressing

Steels in Non-Carbonated Concrete ) , Werkst

Korros, 26, No. 8. 634-635, (August 1975),

in German.

[35.] Boardman, V. R., Van Dijk, Concrete and Reinforced Concrete in Hot Countries, 2nd,

Pilem Int. Symp., (1971), available from

Build. Res. Stn., Technion, Israel Inst, of

Technol., Haifa.

[36.] Boehni, H., Die Wasserstoffversproedung Bei

Spannstaehlen. (Hydrogen Embrittlement of

Prestressing Steel). 26, No. 3, 199-207,

(March 1977), German.

[37.] Borje Ost, G. E. Monfore, Corrodibility of

Prestressing Wire in Concretes Made with

Type I and Type IS Cements. Bull. 159, PCA

Res. Dev. Assoc.. (1963).

[38.] Boulware, R. L., Stewart, C. F., Field Electrical

Measurements for Bridge Deck Membrane

Permeability and Reinforcing Steel Corrosion, California State Div. of Highways, Sacramento. (January 1973). Report No. CAHY-BD-7120-3-73-5, PB-234 569/2.

[39.] Brachet, Marcelle. Des Moyens De Protection

Contre Less Ruptures Par Corrosion Des

Armatures De Precontrainte, (Methods of

the Protection of Prestress Reinforcements

Against Corrosion Failure) , Ann Inst. Tech.

Batim. Trav. Publics. No. 348, 29-50, (March

1977), French.

[40.] Braun. Willi, Corrosion Protection in Concrete Chimneys, Civ. Eng. (London) , 57, 59,

(July-August 1976).

[41.] Braun, W. M., Korrosionsschutz Im Inneren

Hoher Schornsteine, (Corrosion Protection

of the Inner Surfaces of Smokestacks) , VGB

Kraftswerkstech, 57, No. 2, 126-130, (February 1977), in German.

[42.] Brezny, F. S., Kemp, E. L., et al., The Influ- ence of Loose Rust and Mill Scale on the

Bond Characteristics of Deformed Reinforcing Bars. West Virginia Univ., Morgantown,

(1969), Report No" CES-2004, PB-200 633.

[43.] Briesemann, D., Korrosions-Inhibitoren Fuer

Den Stahl In Beton, (Corrosion Inhibitors

for Steel in Concrete ) . Zem-Kalk-Gips. 26,

No. 2, 88-91, (February 1973), in German.

4
[44.] Brink R., Grieb, W. G., Woolf, D. 0., Resist- ance of Concrete Slabs Exposed as Bridge

Decks to Scaling Caused by Deicing Agents,

Highway Research Record No. 196, 57-74,

(1967).

[45.] Code of Practice for the Grouting of Tendon

Ducts, British Standards Institution, Hemel

Hempstead (England), 17, (1975), Trans, of

Richtlinien fuer das Finpressen von Zementmoertel in Spannkanaele, Berlin, 17, (June

1973), BTHEQ 30850.

[46.] Brown, P. W., Clifton, J. R., et al., Energy Conservation Through the Facilitation of In- creased Blended Cement Use, Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.) , NBSI 76-1008, 27 pages (February 1976)

.

[47.] Browne, R. D., Domone, P. L., Inspection and

Monitoring of Concrete Structures for Steel

Corrosion, Offshore Technol. Conf. 9th Annual Proc. Houston, Texas, sponsored by

AIME, New York, N.Y., 1977, 1, Pap OTC

2802, 571-580, (May 2-5, 1977).

[48.] Bryden, J. F., Phillips, R. G., Laboratory and

Field Evaluation of Plastic-Coated Dowel

Bars, New York State Dept. of Transportation, Albany, (July 1974), Report No.

NYSDOT-ERD-74-RR-22, PB-235 984/2SL.

[49.] Bryden, J. F., Phillips, R. G., Performance of

Transverse Joint Supports in Rigid Pavements, New York State Dept. of Transportation, Albany, (March 1973), NYSDOTERD-73-RR-12, PB-219 080/9.

[50.] Buehrer, R., Mueller, K. F., Untersuchungen

An 20 Jahre Alten Spannbetontraegern, (Test

Results from 20 Years Old Reinforced Concrete Girders) . Dtsch Ausschuss Stahlbeton,

No. 271, 62, (1976), in German.

[51.] Bukovatz, John E.. Bridge Deck Deterioration

Study, Part 7; Weathering Test of Reinforced Concrete Slab with Various Depths

of Steel, Kansas State Highway Commission,

PB-178 538.

[52.] Burns, John C, Arizona's Bridge Deck Evaluation System, Proc. Paving Conf. 12th, Albuquerque, NM, 26-43, (1975).

[53.] Cahill, T., Sachs, K., Herstellung und Korrosionsbestaendigkeit von "Stabilisiertem"

Draht mit Geringer Relaxation, (Production

and Corrosion Resistance of "Stabilized"

Wire with Low Relaxation), Neue Huette,

16, Nos. 9-10, 548-54, (September-October

1971) , in German.

[54.] Campbell-Allen, D., Helffenstein, H. L., Cracking in Concrete—Attributed to Defects in

Construction, Sydney Univ. (Australia), 27,

(January 1976), Report No. R-279, PB252 920/4ST.

[55.] Canonico, D. A., Griess, J. C, Robinson, G. C,

Final Report on PCRV Thermal Cylinder

Axial Tendon Failures, Oak Ridge National

Lab., Tenn. (January 1976).

[56.] Incidence of Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Flyash Concrete, Cem. Res. Inst, of

India (Res. Bull.-3-74) , New Delhi, 15, (May

1974) .

[57.] Influence of Calcium Chloride Admixture on

Reinforcement Corrosion in Concretes, Cem.

Res. Inst. India RB, No. RB-7-77, 27, (December 1977)

.

[58.] Chen, Wai F., Mehta, Harshavardhan C, et al., Field Impregnation Techniques for Highway

Concrete, ASCE Transp. Eng. J., 103, No. 3,

355-368, (May 1977).

[59.] Chen, W. F., Mehta, H. C, et al., Use of

Polymers in Highway Bridge Slabs, Lehigh

Univ.. Bethlehem, Pa., publ. by Envo. Publ.

Co., Inc., Lehigh Valley, Pa., 1, 327-343,

(1976).

[60.] Cherry, B. W., Miller, N. L., Corrosion of Prestressed Wires in Concrete, Australas Corrosion Eng., 16, No. 3, 15-20, (March 1972).

[61.] Christensen, K. A., Williamson, R. B., et al., Solving the Galvanic Cell Problem in FerroCement, California Univ., Berkeley, (July

1971), Report No. UCSESM-71-14, TR-2,

AD-731 719.

[62.] Clark, M. (Editor), Corrosion and Corrosion

Protection, Transportation Research Record

500, (1974).

[63.] Clear, K. C, Ormsby, W. C, Concept of In- ternally Sealed Concrete, Federal Highway

Administration, Washington, D.C., (March

1975) , Report No. FHWA/RD-75-21, PB242 812/6ST.

[64.] Clear, K. C, Evaluation of Portland Cement

Concrete for Permanent Bridge Deck Repair, Federal Highway Administration,

Washington, D.C., (February 1974), PB232 604/9.

[65.] Clear, K. C. Internally Sealed Concrete For

Bridge Decks, Corrosion 76, publ. by NACE,

Houston, Texas, 1976, Pap. 23, (March

22-26, 1976).

[66.] Clear, K. C, Permanent Bridge Deck Repair,

Public Roads. 39, No. 2, 53-62, (September 1975).

[67.] Clear, K. C, Reinforcing Bar Corrosion in

Concrete: Effect of Special Treatments, Federal Highway Administration, Washington,

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16
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19
[377.] Voves, Bohumir, Pozmrazovaci Soli a Predpjaty

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20
NBS-1 1 4A ire v. 0-76)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. 2. Gov't Accession No. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

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1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO.

NBS SP 550

3. Recipient's Accession No,

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

A Bibliography on the Corrosion and Protection of Steel

in Concrete

5. Publication Date August 1979

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

E. Escalante and S. Ito

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, DC 20234

16. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City, state, ZIP) 13. Type of Report & Period Covered

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-600082

| | Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary oi most significant information. If document includes a significant bibliography or

literature survey, mention it here.)

This is a bibliographic list of references of published papers, reports,

and talks about the corrosion of steel in concrete and related subjects. The

references are presented in two forms: 1) a subject index divided into six

major subheadings including reviews, factors affects corrosion, measurement

techniques, protection techniques, concrete design, and related fields, and

2) an author index in alphbetical form. A total of 394 references are listed

covering the period from 1964 to November 1978.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name;

separated by semicolons)

Bridge deck; concrete; corrosion; corrosion of steel; rebar

corrosion; reinfcrced concrete.

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technology. In addition, new sections are designed to . . . PROVIDE

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of recent technical developments and

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mandatory standards. The new DIMENSIONS/NBS also

carries complete listings of upcoming conferences to be

held at NBS and reports on all the latest NBS publications,

with information on how to order. Finally, each issue carries

a page of News Briefs, aimed at keeping scientist and consumalike up to date on major developments at the Nation's physical sciences and measurement laboratory.

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NBS TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

PERIODICALS

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH—The Journal of Research

of the National Bureau of Standards reports NBS research

and development in those disciplines of the physical and

engineering sciences in which the Bureau is active. These

include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and

computer sciences. Papers cover a broad range of subjects,

with major emphasis on measurement methodology, and

the basic technology underlying standardization. Also in- cluded from time to time are survey articles on topics closely

related to the Bureau's technical and scientific programs. As

a special service to subscribers each issue contains complete

citations to all recent NBS publications in NBS and non- NBS media. Issued six times a year. Annual subscription:

domestic $17.00; foreign $21.25. Single copy, $3.00 domestic;

$3.75 foreign. Note: The Journal was formerly published in two sections: Section A "Physics and Chemistry" and Section B "Mathematical Sciences."

DIMENSIONS/NBS

This monthly magazine is published to inform scientists,

engineers, businessmen, industry, teachers, students, and

consumers of the latest advances in science and technology,

with primary emphasis on the work at NBS. The magazine

highlights and reviews such issues as energy research, fire protection, building technology, metric conversion, pollution

abatement, health and safety, and consumer product per- formance. In addition, it reports the results of Bureau pro- grams in measurement standards and techniques, properties

of matter and materials, engineering standards and services,

instrumentation, and automatic data processing.

Annual subscription: Domestic, $11.00; Foreign $13.75

NONPERIODICALS

Monographs—Major contributions to the technical liter- ature on various subjects related to the Bureau's scientific and technical activities. Handbooks—Recommended codes of engineering and industrial practice (including safety codes) developed in cooperation with interested industries, professional organizations,

and regulatory bodies.

Special Publications—Include proceedings of conferences

sponsored by NBS, NBS annual reports, and other special

publications appropriate to this grouping such as wall charts,

pocket cards, and bibliographies.

Applied Mathematics Series—Mathematical tables, manuals, and studies of special interest to physicists, engineers,

chemists, biologists, mathematicians, computer programmers,

and others engaged in scientific and technical work.

National Standard Reference Data Series—Provides quantitative data on the physical and chemical properties of

materials, compiled from the world's literature and critically

evaluated. Developed under a world-wide program co- ordinated by NBS. Program under authority of National

Standard Data Act (Public Law 90-396).

NOTE: At present the principal publication outlet for these

data is the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference

Data (JPCRD) published quarterly for NBS by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the American Institute of

Physics (AIP). Subscriptions, reprints, and supplements

available from ACS, 1155 Sixteenth St. N.W., Wash., D.C.

20056.

Building Science Series—Disseminates technical information

developed at the Bureau on building materials, components,

systems, and whole structures. The series presents research

results, test methods, and performance criteria related to the

structural and environmental functions and the durability

and safety characteristics of building elements and systems.

Technical Notes—Studies or reports which are complete in themselves but restrictive in their treatment of a subject.

Analogous to monographs but not so comprehensive in scope or definitive in treatment of the subject area. Often

serve as a vehicle for final reports of work performed at NBS under the sponsorship of other government agencies.

Voluntary Product Standards—Developed under procedures

published by the Department of Commerce in Part 10, Title 15, of the Code of Federal Regulations. The purpose

of the standards is to establish nationally recognized requirements for products, and to provide all concerned interests with a basis for common understanding of the characteristics

of the products. NBS administers this program as a supplement to the activities of the private sector standardizing

organizations.

Consumer Information Series—Practical information, based on NBS research and experience, covering areas of interest to the consumer. Easily understandable language and

illustrations provide useful background knowledge for shopping in today's technological marketplace.

Order above NBS publications from: Superintendent of

Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Order following NBS publications—NBSIR's and FIPS from

the National Technical Information Services, Springfield,

Va. 22161.

Federal Information Processing Standards Publications

(FIPS PUB)—Publications in this series collectively consti- tute the Federal Information Processing Standards Register.

Register serves as the official source of information in the

Federal Government regarding standards issued by NBS

pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 as amended, Public Law 89-306 (79 Stat

1127), and as implemented by Executive Order 11717

(38 FR 12315, dated May 11, 1973) and Part 6 of Title 15

CFR (Code of Federal Regulations).

NBS Interagency Reports (NBSIR)-—A special series of

interim or final reports on work performed by NBS for

outside sponsors (both government and non-government).

In general, initial distribution is handled by the sponsor;

public distribution is by the National Technical Information

Services (Springfield, Va. 22161) in paper copy or microfiche

form.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES

The following current-awareness and literature-survey bibli- ographies are issued periodically by the Bureau:

Cryogenic Data Center Current Awareness Service. A litera- ture survey issued biweekly. Annual subscription: Domestic, $25.00; Foreign, $30.00.

Liquefied Natural Gas. A literature survey issued quarterly.

Annual subscription: $20.00.

Superconducting Devices and Materials. A literature survey

issued quarterly. Annual subscription: $30.00. Send subscription orders and remittances for the preceding bibliographic

services to National Bureau of Standards, Cryogenic Data

Center (736.00) Boulder, Colorado 80303.
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