Dungeness

National Wildlife Refuge

Comprehensive Conservation Plan

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Comprehensive Conservation Plans 

provide long-term guidance for 

management decisions and set forth 

goals, objectives, and strategies 

needed to accomplish refuge 

purposes and identify the U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service’s best estimates 

of future needs. These plans detail 

program planning levels that are 

sometimes substantially above 

current budget allocations, and 

as such, are primarily used for 

strategic planning and program 

prioritization purposes. The plans 

do not constitute a commitment for 

staffing increases, operational and 

maintenance increases, or funding 

for future land acquisition. 

The forest, shoreline, and wetland habitats of Dungeness National Wildlife 

Refuge support a rich diversity of wildlife, from the regal peregrine falcon 

to the boisterous black oystercatcher to the unassuming rough-skinned 

newt. Fed by a generous offering of ancient glacial sediment from nearby 

bluffs and anchored by gnarled logs of driftwood, the pristine barrier beach 

of Dungeness Spit curves seamlessly down from the lush layers of oldgrowth forest above into the sparkling waters of the Salish Sea. Offshore, 

sheltered beds of rippling eelgrass provide a wealth of nutrients to a teeming 

nursery of young salmon and crab. Like the brant and dunlin that rely on 

this home, people flock to Dungeness seeking a welcome haven for the study 

of dynamic natural forces, distinctive geologic features, and compelling 

cultural stories. Visitors are inspired as they meander through the primeval 

forests and emerge upon the stunning seascape vistas. In accord with our 

friends and partners, and with sound science as our foremost principle, we 

will continue to monitor and preserve the integrity of this wonder of the 

Olympic Peninsula ecosystem. We endeavor to understand more about the 

delicate balance of nature while fostering in our visitors an abiding sense of 

stewardship for this irreplaceable sanctuary.

A Vision of Conservation

Dungeness Spit looking west

©Mary Marsh
Dungeness 

National Wildlife Refuge 

Comprehensive Conservation Plan 

Prepared by: 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Washington Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Complex 

715 Holgerson Road 

Sequim, WA 98382 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Pacific Northwest Planning Team 

911 NE 11th Avenue 

Portland, Oregon 97232

 October 2013

Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan 

Table of Contents i 

Table of Contents

Finding of No Significant Impact ............................................................................................................... i 

Chapter 1. Introduction and Background ............................................................................................. 1-1 

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1-1 

1.2 Significance of the Refuge ........................................................................................................ 1-1 

1.3 Proposed Action ........................................................................................................................ 1-2 

1.4 Purpose and Need for Action .................................................................................................... 1-2 

1.5 Legal and Policy Guidance ....................................................................................................... 1-7 

1.5.1 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ................................................................................... 1-7 

1.5.2 National Wildlife Refuge System ...................................................................................... 1-7 

1.5.3 Other Laws and Mandates................................................................................................ 1-11 

1.6 Refuge Establishment and Purposes ....................................................................................... 1-11 

1.6.1 Legal Significance of the Refuge Purpose ....................................................................... 1-11 

1.6.2 Purpose and History of Refuge Establishment ................................................................ 1-12 

1.6.3 Other Management Direction........................................................................................... 1-12 

1.6.4 Land Status and Ownership ............................................................................................. 1-13 

1.7 Relationship to Other Planning Efforts ................................................................................... 1-14 

1.7.1 Refuge Plans .................................................................................................................... 1-14 

1.7.2 Other Plans and Assessments ........................................................................................... 1-14 

1.8 Special Designation Lands ...................................................................................................... 1-20 

1.8.1 Research Natural Area ..................................................................................................... 1-20 

1.8.2 Important Bird Areas (IBA) ............................................................................................. 1-21 

1.9 Planning Process and Issue Identification ............................................................................... 1-21 

1.9.1 Planning Process .............................................................................................................. 1-22 

1.9.2 Key Issues Addressed in the CCP .................................................................................... 1-23 

1.10 Refuge Vision and Goals ...................................................................................................... 1-24 

1.10.1 Vision Statement ............................................................................................................ 1-24 

1.10.2 Refuge Goals .................................................................................................................. 1-25 

Chapter 2. Management Direction ......................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 2-1

2.2 Management Directions Considered but Not Developed ......................................................... 2-1

2.3 Description of Management Direction ...................................................................................... 2-2

2.4 Goals, Objectives, and Strategies ............................................................................................ 2-13

2.4.1 Goal 1. Protect, maintain, and enhance the structure of forested habitats 

characteristic of mature to late-successional forest structures on the Olympic 

Peninsula for the benefit of forest-dependent species. ................................................ 2-14

2.4.2 Goal 2. Protect and maintain the diversity of nearshore habitats historically 

characteristic of the Salish Sea ecosystem for the benefit of native plants and 

marine-associated wildlife. ......................................................................................... 2-18

2.4.3 Goal 3. Enhance and/or protect freshwater wetlands for the benefit of wetlanddependent species. ....................................................................................................... 2-27

2.4.4 Goal 4. Gather scientific information (surveys, research, and assessments) to support 

adaptive management decisions under objectives for Goals 1-3. ............................... 2-31

2.4.5 Goal 5. Visitors feel welcomed and know they are on a national wildlife refuge as 

well as where they can safely explore and learn more about the diversity of 

wildlife, while being good wildlife stewards. As a result, visitors will have a 
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan 

ii Table of Contents 

memorable experience and leave the Refuge with a greater connection between 

themselves and nature. ................................................................................................ 2-34

2.4.6 Goal 6. Visitors have the opportunity to participate in safe, quality wildlife-dependent 

recreation programs and compatible nonwildlife-dependent recreation activities 

while minimizing wildlife disturbance in the face of increasing Refuge visitation. 

Programs and activities, including interpretation, environmental education, 

wildlife observation and photography, and fishing, will focus on enhancing public 

understanding and appreciation of wildlife and cultural resources while building 

support for the Refuge. ................................................................................................ 2-37

2.4.7 Goal 7. Through Refuge outreach efforts local residents will have the opportunity to 

gain an understanding of and appreciation for the Refuge and Refuge System 

mission. ....................................................................................................................... 2-42

2.4.8 Goal 8. Protect, preserve, evaluate and interpret the cultural heritage and resources of 

the Refuge while consulting with appropriate Native American groups and 

preservation organizations, and complying with historic preservation legislation. .... 2-43

Chapter 3. Physical Environment........................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Climate and Climate Change ............................................................................................................ 3-1

3.1.1 General Climate Conditions ...................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.2 Air Temperatures ....................................................................................................................... 3-3

3.1.3 Precipitation ............................................................................................................................... 3-7

3.1.4 Wind .......................................................................................................................................... 3-9

3.1.5 Climate Cycles in the Pacific Northwest ................................................................................. 3-10

3.2 Hydrology....................................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.2.1 Refuge Hydrology ................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.2.2 Tides and Salinity .................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.2.3 Sea Level Rise ......................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.3 Ocean Chemistry ............................................................................................................................ 3-16

3.4 Topography and Bathymetry .......................................................................................................... 3-16

3.5 Geology and Geomorphology ........................................................................................................ 3-17

3.5.1 Regional Geologic Context ...................................................................................................... 3-17

3.5.2 Refuge Geology ....................................................................................................................... 3-18

3.6 Soils ................................................................................................................................................ 3-18

3.7 Fire ................................................................................................................................................. 3-19

3.7.1 Presettlement Fire History ....................................................................................................... 3-19

3.7.2 Postsettlement Fire History ...................................................................................................... 3-20

3.8 Environmental Contaminants ......................................................................................................... 3-20

3.8.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................... 3-20

3.8.2 Water Quality .......................................................................................................................... 3-20

3.8.3 Contaminants ........................................................................................................................... 3-21

Chapter 4. Biological Environment ........................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1 Biological Integrity, Diversity, and Environmental Health .............................................................. 4-1

4.1.1 Historic Conditions .................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1.2 Habitat Alterations since Presettlement Times .......................................................................... 4-2

4.1.3 Early Refuge Management ........................................................................................................ 4-8

4.2 Selection of Priority Resources of Concern ..................................................................................... 4-9

4.2.1 Analysis of Resources of Concern ............................................................................................. 4-9

4.2.2 Priority Resources of Concern Selection ................................................................................. 4-10

4.3 Nearshore Habitats ......................................................................................................................... 4-13

4.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 4-13
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan 

Table of Contents iii 

4.3.2 Regional Distribution, Conditions and Threats ....................................................................... 4-16

4.3.3 Key Species Supported ............................................................................................................ 4-20

4.3.4 Refuge Management Activities ............................................................................................... 4-23

4.4 Mixed Coniferous Forests .............................................................................................................. 4-24

4.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 4-24

4.4.2 Regional Distribution, Conditions and Threats ....................................................................... 4-25

4.4.3 Key Species Supported ............................................................................................................ 4-26

4.4.4 Refuge Management Activities ............................................................................................... 4-27

4.5 Wetlands ......................................................................................................................................... 4-27

4.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 4-27

4.5.2 Regional Distribution, Conditions and Threats ....................................................................... 4-28

4.5.3 Key Species Supported ............................................................................................................ 4-29

4.5.4 Refuge Management Activities ............................................................................................... 4-31

4.6 Pileated Woodpecker ...................................................................................................................... 4-31

4.6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 4-31

4.6.2 Regional Distribution, Conditions and Threats ....................................................................... 4-31

4.6.3 Key Habitat Used ..................................................................................................................... 4-32

4.7 Dunlin ............................................................................................................................................. 4-32

4.7.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 4-32

4.7.2 Regional Distribution, Conditions and Threats ....................................................................... 4-32

4.7.3 Key Habitat Used ..................................................................................................................... 4-33

4.8 Pacific Harbor Seal ......................................................................................................................... 4-34

4.8.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 4-34

4.8.2 Regional Distribution, Conditions and Threats ....................................................................... 4-34

4.8.3 Key Habitat Used ..................................................................................................................... 4-35

4.9 Amphibians .................................................................................................................................... 4-35

4.9.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 4-35

4.9.2 Regional Distribution, Conditions and Threats ....................................................................... 4-35

4.9.3 Key Habitat Used ..................................................................................................................... 4-36

4.10 Anadromous and Forage Fish ....................................................................................................... 4-37

4.10.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 4-37

4.10.2 Regional Distribution, Conditions and Threats ..................................................................... 4-38

4.10.3 Key Habitat Used ................................................................................................................... 4-40

4.11 Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Species .......................................................................... 4-41

4.11.1 Habitat Needs, Conditions, and Threats of Federally Listed, Proposed, or Candidate 

Species ................................................................................................................................ 4-41

4.12 Invasive and Nuisance Species ..................................................................................................... 4-44

4.12.1 Exotic and Invasive Plant Species ......................................................................................... 4-44

4.12.2 Exotic Wildlife Species ......................................................................................................... 4-46

4.13 Wildlife and Habitat Research, Inventory, and Monitoring ......................................................... 4-46

4.14 Paleontological Resources ............................................................................................................ 4-47

4.14.1 Geological Background ......................................................................................................... 4-47

4.14.2 Paleontological Resources ..................................................................................................... 4-48

Chapter 5. Human Environment ............................................................................................................ 5-1

5.1 Cultural Resources .................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1.1 Native American Overview ............................................................................................... 5-1

5.1.2 Euro-American Overview .................................................................................................. 5-2

5.1.3 Current Knowledge of Local Cultural Resources and Archeological Sites Occurring 

On Refuge Lands .......................................................................................................... 5-4
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan 

iv Table of Contents 

5.1.4 Current Knowledge of Local Cultural Resources and Archeological Sites Located Near 

Refuge Lands ................................................................................................................ 5-6

5.1.5 Previous Archaeological Research ..................................................................................... 5-6

5.2 Refuge Facilities ....................................................................................................................... 5-7

5.2.1 Public Entrances and Access Points ................................................................................... 5-7

5.2.2 Administrative Buildings and Other Structures ................................................................. 5-8

5.2.3 Fencing and Boundary Markers ......................................................................................... 5-9

5.2.4 Roads and Trails .............................................................................................................. 5-13

5.2.5 Signs ................................................................................................................................. 5-13

5.3 Public Use Overview .............................................................................................................. 5-14

5.4 Wildlife-Dependent Public Uses ............................................................................................. 5-16

5.4.1 Fishing and Shellfishing................................................................................................... 5-16

5.4.2 Wildlife Observation and Photography ............................................................................ 5-16

5.4.3 Environmental Education and Interpretation ................................................................... 5-16

5.5 Other Refuge Uses .................................................................................................................. 5-17

5.5.1 Hiking .............................................................................................................................. 5-17

5.5.2 Boating ............................................................................................................................. 5-17

5.5.3 Horseback Riding ............................................................................................................. 5-18

5.5.4 Jogging ............................................................................................................................. 5-18

5.5.5 Other Recreational Beach Use ......................................................................................... 5-18

5.6 Illegal Uses .............................................................................................................................. 5-19

5.6.1 Illegal Refuge Uses .......................................................................................................... 5-19

5.7 Refuge Visitation .................................................................................................................... 5-19

5.7.1 Visitation .......................................................................................................................... 5-19

5.8 Regional Recreational Opportunities ...................................................................................... 5-20

5.9 Regional Recreation Rates and Trends ................................................................................... 5-27

5.9.1 Outdoor Recreation Participation Rates Statewide .......................................................... 5-27

5.9.2 Forecast for Regional Recreation Demand and Key Recreation Needs .......................... 5-28

5.10 Socioeconomics .................................................................................................................... 5-30

5.10.1 Population and Area Economy ...................................................................................... 5-30

5.10.2 Local Community .......................................................................................................... 5-31

5.10.3 Refuge Impact on the Local Economy ........................................................................... 5-31

Appendices 

Appendix A. Appropriate Use Findings ................................................................................................... A-1 

Appendix B. Compatibility Determinations ............................................................................................. B-1 

Appendix C. Implementation .................................................................................................................... C-1 

Appendix D. Wilderness Review .............................................................................................................. D-1 

Appendix E. Biological Resources of Concern......................................................................................... E-1 

Appendix F. Statement of Compliance ...................................................................................................... F-1 

Appendix G. Integrated Pest Management ............................................................................................... G-1 

Appendix H. Sign Inventory and Maintenance Plan ................................................................................. H-1 

Appendix I. Acronyms, Glossary and Scientific Names.............................................................................I-1 

Appendix J. CCP Team Members .............................................................................................................. J-1 

Appendix K. Public Involvement.............................................................................................................. K-1 

Appendix L. Comments and Responses ................................................................................................... L-1

Appendix M. References Cited ................................................................................................................ M-1 
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan 

Table of Contents v 

Figures 

Figure 1-1. Salish Sea ................................................................................................................................ 1-3

Figure 1-2. Regional Context ..................................................................................................................... 1-5

Figure 1-3. Land Status ............................................................................................................................ 1-15

Figure 2-1. Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Wildlife and Habitat Management Direction ............ 2-45

Figure 2-2. Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Public Uses ................................................................ 2-47

Figure 3-1. Washington State Average Annual Precipitation from 1971 to 2000 ..................................... 3-2

Figure 3-2. Global Annual Average Temperature and CO2 from 1880-2008 (NOAA 2012a) .................. 3-3

Figure 3-3. Water Year Temperature 1925-2010 at Port Angeles, WA (USHCN 2012) .......................... 3-5

Figure 3-4. Projected Temperature Changes for the Dungeness-Elwha Watershed under Two 

Emission Scenarios (Hamlet et al. 2010) ............................................................................ 3-6

Figure 3-5. Water Year Total Precipitation 1925-2010 at Port Angeles, WA (USHCN 2012) ................. 3-8

Figure 3-6. Projected Precipitation Changes for the Dungeness-Elwha Watershed under Two 

Emission Scenarios (Hamlet et al. 2010) ............................................................................ 3-9

Figure 4-1. Historic Vegetation of the Dungeness Unit Based on 1855 USC&GS T-Sheet ..................... 4-3

Figure 4-2. Detail of 1855 USC&GS Hydrographic Sheet of Dungeness Bay .......................................... 4-3

Figure 4-3. Overview of the Process to Prioritize Resources of Concern and Management Priorities 

for a Refuge (USDI 2008) ................................................................................................. 4-11

Figure 5-1. Refuge Structures on Dawley Unit ........................................................................................ 5-11

Figure 5-2. One of Four Whale Trail Signs along Highway 112 on the Olympic Peninsula................... 5-23

Tables 

Table 1-1. Dungeness NWR Chronological Legal History Related to Acquisition and Land Status ...... 1-17

Table 2-1 Summary of Alternative by Issue .............................................................................................. 2-8

Table 3-1. Air Temperature Summary near Dungeness NWR (WRCC 2011b) ........................................ 3-4

Table 3-2. Seasonal Temperature Trends, 1981-2010 (USHCN 2012) ..................................................... 3-4

Table 3-3. Precipitation Summary near Dungeness NWR (WRCC 2011e) .............................................. 3-7

Table 3-4. Seasonal Precipitation Trends, 1981-2010 (USHCN 2012) ..................................................... 3-8

Table 3-5. Wind Data Summary for Port Angeles (WRCC 2011f) ......................................................... 3-10

Table 3-6. Tidal Benchmark Summary for Port Angeles and Port Townsend, Washington and Tidal 

Datum Summary for Inner Dungeness Bay (NOAA 2011a and b, Rensel 2003) ............. 3-13

Table 3-7. Historic Tidal Data Summary for Port Angeles and Port Townsend, Washington (NOAA 

2011c, NOAA 2011d) ....................................................................................................... 3-13

Table 3-8. Predicted Change in Acreage of Land Categories at Dungeness NWR by 2025 Given 

SLAMM-modeled Scenarios of Sea Level Rise (Clough and Larson 2010) .................... 3-15

Table 4-1. Focal Resources Associated with Nearshore Habitats ............................................................ 4-21

Table 4-2. Focal Resources Associated with Mixed Coniferous Forests ................................................. 4-26

Table 4-3. Focal Resources Associated with Wetlands ........................................................................... 4-30

Table 4-4. Federally Listed Species Known to Occur on or Adjacent to Dungeness Refuge .................. 4-41

Table 4-5. Washington Department of Agriculture Noxious Weeds Found on Dungeness Refuge ........ 4-45

Table 5-1. Refuge Structures on Dawley Unit (refer to Figure 5-1 for locations) ................................... 5-10

Table 5-2. Refuge Areas Open and Closed to the Public and Current Allowed Uses by Zone ............... 5-15

Table 5-3. Regional Recreation Site User Fees ....................................................................................... 5-24

Table 5-4. Land Ownership on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington ...................................................... 5-25

Table 5-5. North Olympic Peninsula Parks and Recreation Areas .......................................................... 5-25

Table 5-6. Major Activity Group Participation in 2006 ........................................................................... 5-27

Table 5-7. Projected Participation Increases for Selected Outdoor Recreation Activities ....................... 5-29

Table 5-8. Dungeness NWR: Summary of Area Economy, 2010 ........................................................... 5-30

Table 5-9. Industry Summary for Clallam County .................................................................................. 5-30
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan 

vi Table of Contents 
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge CCP Finding of No Significant Impact 

Finding of No Significant Impact i 

Finding of No Significant Impact 

for the 

Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan 

Clallam County, Washington 

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) completed a Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) 

and Environmental Assessment (EA) for Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge). The CCP 

will guide management of the Refuge for 15 years. The CCP/EA describes our proposals for 

managing the Refuge and their effects on the human environment under three alternatives, including 

a no action alternative. 

Decision

 

Based on our comprehensive review and analysis in the CCP/EA, we selected Alternative B for 

implementation because it will guide management of the Refuge in a manner that: 

 Achieves the mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System, and the purposes, vision, and 

goals of the Refuge. 

 Maintains and restores the ecological integrity of the Refuge’s habitats and populations. 

 Addresses the important issues identified during the CCP scoping process. 

 Addresses the legal mandates of the Service and the Refuge. 

 Is consistent with the scientific principles of sound wildlife management and endangered 

species recovery. 

 Facilitates priority public uses appropriate and compatible with the Refuge’s purposes and 

the Refuge System mission. 

Summary of the Actions to be Implemented

Implementing the selected alternative will have no significant impacts on the environmental 

resources identified in the CCP/EA. Refuge management under the selected alternative will protect, 

maintain, and enhance habitat for priority species and resources of concern, and improve the public’s 

opportunities to enjoy wildlife-dependent recreation. 

Management of the Refuge under Alternative B will emphasize protecting and maintaining forested, 

nearshore, freshwater wetland, and stream-riparian habitats, with an increased level of active habitat 

management, monitoring, and enhancement. A forest assessment will be conducted within the 

Dawley Unit and a step-down forest management plan will be completed by 2018. Active forest 

management techniques will be employed within a core 40-acre area to promote development of 

mature old-growth forest characteristics. A road inventory and condition assessment for the Dawley 

Unit will be completed by 2016. The amount of roads maintained will decrease, unneeded logging 

spur roads outside of the core area will be rehabilitated, and the slope along the main road will be 

stabilized. A wetland inventory and hydrological assessment will be conducted by 2015. The 

impoundment at the Dawley Unit will be managed for optimum water levels and benthic layer 

characteristics for amphibians and other benefiting species. 

Public use activities on the Refuge will include saltwater fishing, shell-fishing (clams and crabs), 

wildlife observation, wildlife photography, hiking, no-wake boating, jogging, horseback riding 

(should alternative access be obtained per compatibility determination), beach use (wading, 

beachcombing, other recreational beach uses), environmental education, and environmental 
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge CCP Finding of No Significant Impact 

ii Finding of No Significant Impact 

interpretation. Areas that are open or closed to public use year-round, and areas that are open 

seasonally depending on the needs of Refuge wildlife, will remain the same with some exceptions. 

Changes will include new limits on boat landing hours and jogging stipulations. Jogging will be 

allowed on the trail adjacent to the Refuge’s parking lots and along the west beach from the end of 

the upland forested trail to the Refuge’s western boundary. Horseback riding will be allowed with 

stipulations, on the beach west of where the main trail meets Dungeness Spit if a safe and legal 

alternate access route from the west or east can be obtained. If an alternate access route is obtained 

from the east, horseback use of a Refuge-owned road to the beach will also be allowed. 

Additional wildlife viewing, interpretive, and environmental education programs will be offered. 

Staff and volunteer time devoted to making visitor contacts and community outreach will increase. 

New orientation materials, regulatory signage, and volunteer opportunities will be developed. 

The effects of climate change will be considered during management activities, and we will reduce 

the Refuge’s carbon footprint. Invasive species will be monitored and controlled. Other management 

activities will continue, including fire management, maintenance of existing structures, coordination 

with State, Tribal, and other partners; cultural resources protection, and land protection within the 

approved Refuge boundary. All proposed actions are subject to funding availability. 

Public Involvement and Changes Made to Alternative B Based on Comments

We incorporated a variety of public involvement techniques in developing and reviewing the 

CCP/EA. This included open houses, several planning updates, numerous meetings with partners and 

elected officials, and public review and comment on the Draft CCP/EA. The details of our public 

involvement program are described in the CCP in Appendix K. Based on the public comments we 

received and considered, Alternative B as described in the CCP/EA has been modified as follows. 

 Additional references to coordination with the U.S. Coast Guard regarding the New 

Dungeness Light Station are included. 

 Jogging and horseback riding have been determined to be appropriate and compatible with 

stipulations. Appropriate use findings have been modified and new compatibility 

determinations have been added. 

 The strategies and rationale to promote opportunities for wildlife observation and 

photography, jogging, and horseback riding have been modified under Objective 6.5. 

 Some maps were updated to reflect the revised public use areas and above-referenced 

clarifications. 

 Some text changes were made to improve readability and accuracy. 
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge CCP Finding of No Significant Impact 
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge CCP Finding of No Significant Impact 

iv Finding of No Significant Impact 

Supporting References

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2012. Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge draft Comprehensive 

Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and 

Wildlife Service, Region 1, Portland, OR. 520 pp. 

Note: This Finding of No Significant Impact and supporting references are available for public 

review at the Washington Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Complex, 715 Holgerson Road, 

Sequim, Washington, 98382 and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Planning, Visitor 

Services, and Transportation, 911 NE 11th Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97232. These documents can 

also be found on our Web site: www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/main/docs/wa/docsdungeness.htm. 

Interested and affected parties are being notified of our decision.