# Patent

## Title
Reel seat

## Abstract

This application is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 619,926, filed June 12, 1984, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,679,487.

## Background
1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to projectile firing weapons, specifically a weapon having a replaceable firing mechanism actuator cassette which contains the trigger and firing mechanism.

2. Brief Description of the Prior Art

Projectile firing weapons such as pistols and rifles have, of course, been known for many years, and have progressed from the basic manually actuated bolt to modern weapons having fully automatic firing capabilities. Some of the modern weapons have the capability of switching from semi-automatic to fully automatic firing and vice versa.

Although the muzzle velocities, accuracy and versatility of the weapons have improved over the years, the basic construction of the weapon has remained rather stagnant. Even the most modern of today's hand carried weapons are relatively heavy and cumbersome, and quickly induce fatigue when carried or manipulated for any length of time by the operator. Today's weapons also utilize a rather complex trigger and firing mechanism, especially those weapons capable of operating in a semi-automatic, a fully automatic, or combination modes. This complexity introduces an inherent unreliability factor in the operation of these weapons, which could prove catastrophic to the user. In addition, such complexity renders the weapons difficult and expensive to manufacture, as well as being extremely difficult, if not impossible, to repair in the field.

The instant invention obviates the difficulties associated with the prior art weapons by providing a weapon that is lightweight, maneuverable, and one which has increased reliability. The weapon according to the invention has a barrel assembly with a barrel and firing means for the projectile attached to a hand grip or stock. A self-contained firing mechanism actuator cassette is insertable into a cavity defined by the stock such that a sear projecting from the cassette engages and actuates the firing mechanisms in the barrel assembly. The cassette is completely self contained and has the trigger, the complete firing mechanism, and the actuating sear mounted within the cassette body. The cassette is also small and lightweight, and several may be easily carried by the weapon user. Should the cassette in the stock suffer any malfunction, it can readily be removed and replaced by a new cassette to keep the weapon in operating order. The firing mechanism actuator cassettes according to this invention may incorporate either a semi-automatic firing mechanism, or a mechanism which is convertible from a semi-automatic mode to a fully automatic mode and vice versa.

In one embodiment of the invention, the barrel assembly is attached to the grip or stock by a pivot device at the rear of the weapon and by a single fastener, such as a screw, toward the forward portion of the weapon. This greatly facilitates the assembly or disassembly of the weapon and enables the user to rapidly change the firing mechanism actuator cassette. This is accomplished merely by removing the single fastener, pivoting the barrel asesmbly upwardly with respect to the stock, removing the old cassette from the stock, inserting the new cassette and reattaching the barrel assembly to the stock. Alternatively, the barrel assembly may be fastened to the stock by a plurality of fasteners and the pivot mechanism eliminated.

In order to further simplify the construction of the weapon, the stock and the hand grip may be formed from a single piece. The cavity defined by the stock to accommodate the cassette may also have a unique cross-sectional shape which will accommodate only one type of cassette. This can be utilized to positively prevent the weaapon from being utilized in a fully automatic mode. In this instance, the unique cross-section would not accommodate the select-fire cassette which is capable of operating in either of the semi-automatic or fully automatic mode.

The firing mechanism contained with the cassette contains the minimum number of parts, which parts may be formed by a simple stamping operation requiring very little, if any, machining. The completed cassette may also be fully encapsulated to prevent contamination from the elements and to prevent any tampering to modification by the user.

FIG. 1 is a side view of the weapon according to the invention with the barrel assembly pivotally attached to the stock.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines II--II in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines III--III in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines IV--IV in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines V--V in FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view taken along lines VI--VI in FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the weapon according to the invention.

FIG. 8 is a view taken along lines VIII--VIII of FIG. 1 showing the muzzle brake according to the invention.

FIG. 9 is a side sectional view of the muzzle brake taken along lines IX--IX of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a partial, top view of the muzzle brake viewed along lines X--X in FIG. 8.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the semi-automatic firing mechanism actuator cassette according to the invention.

FIG. 12 is a top view of the cassette shown in FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is an exploded, perspective view of the cassette shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.

FIG. 14 is a side, sectional view taken along lines XIV--XIV in FIG. 12 showing the cassette of FIG. 11 in the weapon.

FIG. 15 is a side view of a select-fire firing mechanism actuator cassette according to the invention.

FIG. 16 is a top view of the select-fire cassette shown in FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is an exploded, perspective view of the cassette shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.

FIG. 18 is a side view, partially broken away, of the cassette shown in FIG. 15 showing the select-fire mechanism in the fully automatic position.

FIG. 19 is a side, sectional view taken along lines XIX--XIX in FIG. 16 showing the cassette of FIG. 15 installed in the weapon with the select-fire mechanism in the fully automatic position.

FIG. 20 is a side view, partially broken away, of the cassette of FIG. 15 showing the select-fire mechanism in the semi-automatic position.

FIG. 21 is a side, sectional view taken along line XIX--XIX in FIG. 16 showing the cassette of FIG. 15 installed in the weapon and the select-fire mechanism in the semi-automatic position.

FIG. 22 is a partial side view of the weapon according to the invention showing an installation of a cartridge magazine.

FIG. 23 is a partial, cross-sectional view taken along lines XXIII--XXIII in FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 is a partial, sectional view taken along lines XXIV--XXIV in FIG. 22.

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines XXV--XXV in FIG. 22.

FIG. 26 is a partial side view taken in the direction of lines XXVI--XXVI in FIG. 25.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines XXVII--XXVII in FIG. 1 showing the recoil damper assembly.

FIG. 28 is a partial, sectional view taken along lines XXVIII--XXVIII in FIG. 27 showing the recoil damper assembly.

The instant invention relates to a blow-back, operated weapon having the capabilities of operating in fully automatic or a semi-automatic modes. The weapon comprises a barrel assembly, generally indicated at 10, attached to a grip means 12 which may comprise a stock portion 14 and a hand grip portion 16. The barrel assembly comprises assembly 18 attached to bolt housing 20 at one end and having muzzle brake 22 attached to its distal end. Muzzle brake 22, to be described in more detail hereinafter, may also contain front gunsight 24 and may be attached to barrel 18 by fastening means 60. Barrel lock and heat sink 26 is attached about the outer periphery of barrel 18 near the bolt housing 20 by fasteners 27 in order to dissipate the heat from the barrel generated during the firing process.

Bolt housing 20 has breach ring (see FIG. 5 and 24) 28 mounted therein near the attachment point to the barrel 18. Bolt 30 with extractor 32 (FIG. 24) and firing pin 34 is slidably retained in bolt housing 20. The firing pin mechanism is slidably retained in bore 35 passing longitudinally through bolt 30, which bore also contains striker spring 36 interposed between the rear portion of firing pin 34 and base plug 38 attached to bolt 30 and retained in position by firing pin retainer 118. Charging arm 40 (FIG. 25) is attached to bolt 30 and extends exteriorly of bolt housing 20 through slot 160 (see FIG. 26) to facilitate the manual manipulation of the bolt and the initial placement of a cartridge in the firing chamber. Bolt 30 and associated parts mounted thereon may be replaced as a unit under field conditions should malfunction occur.

The rear portion of bolt 30 bears against recoil spring 42 which has its opposite end in contact with recoil damper assembly 44 (see FIG. 28). Recoil damper assembly 44 maybe formed of a resiliently deformable plastic material (such as a urethane) having areas of differing durometer. The base portion 46 may be formed from a urethane plastic which is hard, while the buffer portion 48 will be relatively softer to dampen the rearward movement of bolt 30 during the firing process. Recoil damper bushing 50 passes through the damper base 46 and provides a bearing surface for bolt or screw 52 which passes through bushing 50 to attach the recoil damper assembly to the bolt housing. Bolt housing 20 may also have adjustable rear gunsight 54 mounted near the rear on its upper surface.

As seen in FIGS. 8-10, muzzle brake 22 defines a plurality of upwardly opening slots 56 and threaded opening 58 through which fastening means 60 is inserted to attach it to the barrel end.

The grip means 12 may be formed, such as by molding, from a single piece incorporating the stock 14 and the hand grip 16. Alternatively, the stock 14 and the hand grip 16 may be formed separately, as shown in FIG. 7, and retained in assembled relationship via screws or bolts 62. If formed from separate elements, as shown in FIG. 7, stock 14 will define a cavity to receive cassette retainer 64. Cassette retainer 64, which may be attached to bolt housing 20 by screws 65, defines a cavity 66 to receive and retain either cassette 68, which is designed to fire only in a semi-automatic mode, or select-fire cassette 70 which is capable of firing in a semi-automatic mode or a fully automatic mode. When the as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, stock and hand grip are formed from a single element, stock portion 14 defines a cavity analogous to 66 to receive and retain either one of the cassettes 68 or 70. If it is desired to restrict the ultimate use of the weapon in order to prevent it from operating in the fully automatic mode, cassette retainer 64 or stock 14 may incorporate an inwardly extending ridge or lip which will prevent the insertion of select-fire cassette 70. Semi-automatic firing mechanism actuator cassette 68 will incorporate a correpsonding groove to allow its insertion into the weapon, but the absence of such a groove in cassette 70 will prevent its usage. Shoulder brace 72 may be incorporated with either of these embodiments should it be desirable to utilize the weapon as a shoulder weapon. Shoulder brace 72 may, of course, be attached by any known means and may be made to be readily removable to facilitate transportion and storage of the weapon.

The barrel assembly 10 may be pivotally attached to the rear portion of stock 14 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6. In this embodiment, the rear portion of stock 14 contains transverse pivot pin 74 which is engaged by pivot member 76 attached to the lower rear portion of bolt housing 20. As can be seen, pivot member 76 has a generally "J" shaped depending portion 76a which engages pivot pin 74. The front portion of the barrel assembly may be retained against stock 14 via bolt or screw 78 which extends through the stock 14 and engages a correspondingly threaded stud 79 attached to bolt housing 20. In this embodiment, the operator need only remove one screw, screw 78, to allow barrel assembly 10 to pivot about pivot pin 74 in order to replace a firing mechanism actuator cassette. The barrel assembly may also be totally removed from the stock 14 by pivoting it to the position shown in phantom lines in FIG. 1 and lifting upwardly to thereby disengage pivot member 76 from pivot pin 74. Thus, the entire barrel assembly may be readily released for replacement by the removal of one screw.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, the rear attachment between the barrel assembly and the stock may be provided by screw 80 which extends upwardly through the rear portion of stock 14 and engages a correspondingly threaded stud 81 attached to the lower portion of bolt housing 20, as shown in FIG. 7. This fastener arrangement allows the barrel assembly 10 to be readily removed from stock 14. The forward bolt or screw 79 may be located in a more forward position than bolt or screw 78 in the previous embodiment to accommodate cassette retainer 64. In this case, it is threaded into barrel lock and heat sink 26.

Semi-automatic firing mechanism cassette 68 is shown in detail in FIGS. 11 through 14 and comprises cassette body 82 which defines an interior space to enclose all of the trigger actuating mechanism. Trigger 84 is pivotally attached to cassette body 82 via trigger pin 86 which extends transversely across the cassette body through aligned openings in the cassette body side walls 82a and 82b. The rear portion of trigger 84 is biased against trigger stop screw 88 by trigger main spring 90. Trigger main spring 90 has one end attached to an upper extension of trigger 84 while the opposite end is attached to cassette body 82 so as to bias trigger 84 in a counter clockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 14) about trigger pivot pin 86. Trigger stop screw 88 is threadingly engaged with a portion of cassette body 82 such that the position of its inner end, which bears against the trigger 84, may be readily adjusted. This serves to precisely locate the at rest position of trigger 84.

Safety 92 also extends transversely between the side walls of cassette body 82 and comprises a generally cylindrical body with a notched central portion 94 with detent notches 94a and 94b. Safety 92 is mounted within cassette body 82 so as to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis only during installation or removal. Safety dog 96 and safety dog spring 98 are mounted within trigger 84 such that one end of dog 96 bears against the notched cutout surface 94 of safety 92 as shown in FIG. 14. As shown in this Figure, safety 92 is in the released position such that relative movement between trigger 84 and safety dog 96 is permitted by compressing safety dog spring 98. Safety 92 may be traversed along its longitudinal axis to the right such that notched cut out surface 94 is out of alignment with trigger 84. In this orientation, safety dog 96 bears against detent notch 94a and holds safety 92 in position. This brings the full diameter of safety 92 into contact with trigger 84 to prevent any clockwise movement about trigger pivot pin 86. Safety dog 96 engages detent notch 94a to retain safety 92 in a safe, non-fireable position. Safety 92 is traversed manually to engage trigger 84 for a safe position or fireable position by nature of notch 94 in safety 92. The primary purpose of safety dog 96 is to hold safety 92 in a fire or non-fire position in relation to trigger 84.

Pawl 100 having cam surface 102 is pivotally attached to trigger 84 via pawl pin 104. Cam surface 102 is biased into engagement with pawl actuator pin 106 via pawl spring 108 interposed between pawl 100 and trigger 84. Sear 110 is also pivotally attached to cassette body 82 by sear pin 112 which extends transversely across the cassette body through its sides. Sear actuator spring 14 extends around sear pin 112 and bears against sear 110 to bias the sear in a clockwise direction such that its lower end is biased against pawl actuator pin 106. Lower end 110a of sear 110 extends downwardly such that it contacts the end of pawl 100.

End 110b of sear 110 extends from the upper portion of cassette body 82 and engaages firing pin assembly 34. In this embodiment the firing pin assembly may comprise firing pin striker 34a and firing pin 34b having firing pin spring 116 interposed between it and the bolt 30. As is well known in the art, firing pin 34b has a portion which extends into the firing chamber in order to fire the cartridge in the firing chamber. Firing pin striker 34a is biased towards firing pin 34b via striker spring 36 interposed between one end of striker 34a and base plug 38. Base plug 38 is retained in position in bolt 30 by firing pin retainer 118 which extends transversely across the bore 35 defined by bolt 30.

In order to actuate the firing mechanism from its initial position shown in FIG. 14 the trigger 84 is pivoted in a clockwise direction about trigger pivot pin 86 by a force imparted thereon by the user. This causes pawl 100 to move toward the right thereby rotating sear 110 counterclockwise about sear pin 112 against the bias of sear spring 114. This counterclockwise motion continues until end 110b is disengaged from firing pin striker 34a. Striker spring 36 causes firing pin striker 34a to move rapidly toward the right to contact firing pin 34b forcing its end into the firing chamber and firing the cartridge. While this is taking place, continued movement of trigger 84 causes cam surface 102 of pawl 110 to contact pawl actuator pin 106, thereby forcing the end of pawl 100 in a downward direction until pawl 100 disengages itself from the lower end 110a of sear 110. Upon disengagement, sear 110 is returned to its initial position due to the biasing force of sear spring 114.

Upon the firing of the shell in the firing chamber, the entire bolt 30 is displaced rearwardly against the bias of recoil spring 42 such that firing pin striker 34a is displaced to the left (as seen in FIG. 14) of end 110b of sear 110. After bolt 30 has been displaced rearwardly, it is biased in the forward direction by the recoil spring 42 to the position shown in FIG. 14. As bolt 30 moves forwardly to its return position, end 110b once again engages firing pin striker 34a to restrict its movement as the bolt 30 returns to its original position. This serves to compress firing pin striker spring 36. Upon release of trigger 84, trigger main spring 90 returns it and pawl 100 to their original positions. With this cassette mechanism, the weapon will only fire in the semi-automatic mode. Even if trigger 84 is held in the firing position, pawl 110 will rturn to its original position shown in FIG. 14 and retain the firing pin striker 34a to prevent continued firing.

Select-fire firing mechanism actuator cassette 70, shown in FIGS. 15-21, operates similarly to cassette 68 just described, but has the additional capability of operating in a fully automatic mode or a semi-automatic mode. Elements having similar structure and function to those described in relation to the semi-automatic firing mechanism actuator cassette 68 have been assigned the same numbers as those previously described. These elements include, trigger pin 86; trigger main spring 90; trigger stop screw 88; safety 92; safety dog 96; safety dog spring 98; pawl 100; cam surface 102; pawl actuator pin 106; pawl spring 108; pawl pin 104; sear pin 112; and sear spring 114. These elements are all contained within cassette body 120. This cassette body is similar to that previously described, except that one side defines curved opening 122. This opening accommodates selector link extension 126' (see FIG. 17) which extends a short distance from the interior of cassette body 120 and to which is threaded selector knob 124 mounted at the exterior of stock 14, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4. The exterior end of selector knob 124 is manually manipulable by the operator between the fully automatic position, shown in FIGS. 15 and 18, and a semi-automatic position shown in FIG. 20. Selector assembly spring 125 is attached to the exterior of cassette body 120 such that it bears against an upper portion of selector extension 126' as to retain the knob 124 in either the fully automatic position or the semi-automatic position.

As seen in FIG. 18, selector link 126 extends along the interior of the side wall of cassette body 120 towards sear 110 and has selector pin 128 extending from its opposite end. Selector pin 128 extends in a generally transverse direction and passes through slot 130 formed in rear extension 110'c of sear 110'. The length of selector pin 128 is such that it extends completely through slot 130 and extends a certain distance beyond the opposite side of sear 110' for purposes that will be described hereinafter.

Sear actuator 132 is pivotally attached to an upper portion of trigger 84' via sear actuator pin 134. A portion of sear actuator 132 extends to the rear of its attachment to the trigger and is connected to housing 120 via sear actuator spring 136. As seen in FIG. 19, sear actuator 132 extends forwardly (to the right as viewed in this Figure) a distance sufficient to engage the upper surface of selector pin 128 when the selector link 126 is in the fully automatic firing position. Intermediate its point of contact with selector pin 128 and its attachment to trigger 84', sear actuator 132 has trip pin 138 extending laterally therefrom.

Trip actuator lever 140 is pivotally attached to cassette body 120 via transversely extending trip actuator pin 142. Trip actuator arm 140 has a lower cam surface 144 which bears against the upper surface of trip pin 138. The upper portion of trip actuator lever 140 extends exteriorly of the cassette body 120, as shown in FIG. 15, and is biased in this position by trip actuator spring 146. Washers 147 may be disposed between the body 120 and the trip actuator assembly to reduce friction during its movement.

The bolt housing 20, bolt 30, and the associated parts of the barrel asesmbly 10 function the same fashion as in the embodiment previously described. In FIG. 19, firing pin 34 is shown as a single piece assembly rather than a two-piece assembly comprising the firing pin striker 34a and a separate firing pin 34b as shown and described in relation to FIG. 14. It should be understood that either type firing pin may be utilized and the precise structure of the firing pin forms no part of the instant invention.

With the trigger mechanism shown in its normal at rest position in FIG. 19, it can be seen that upper portion 110'b of sear 110' engages the firing pin 34 to prevent its forward movement toward the firing chamber (toward the right as seen in FIG. 19). When the user pulls trigger 84', pawl 100 bears against lower portion 110'a of the sear, thereby pivoting the sear in a counterclockwise direction about sear pin 112. Pawl 100 engages portions 110'a of the sear until the upper portion 110'b has disengaged itself from the firing pin 34, thereby allowing striker spring 36 to force the firing pin 34 towards the right and cause the cartridge in the firing chamber to fire. The explosion of the shell causes the entire bolt assembly 30 to move rearwardly (towards the left as seen in FIG. 19) against the bias of recoil spring 42. This recoil of bolt 30 moves the firing pin to a position to the rear of sear 110'.

As trigger 84' is pulled to move pawl 100' forward against sear 110, sear actuator link 132 is also caused to move forwardly through its connection with the upper portion of trigger 84'. The forwardmost portion of sear actuator link 132 also moves in a downward direction due to the engagement of trip pin 138 with cam surface 144 on trip actuator lever (see FIG. 17) 140. Thus, as selector pin 128 moves downwardly as a result of the pivoting of sear 110' about sear pin 112, the end of sear actuator link 132 remains in contact with its upper surface.

Upon rearward travel of bolt 30, sear actuator lever pivots counterclockwise about its pivot 142 into cam slot 148 in bolt 30. When bolt 30 reaches its rearward position and begins its return due to the action of recoil spring 42, longitudinal cam slot 148 formed in bolt 30 is in contact with the upper portion of trip actuator lever 140. Due to the curved surface of this cam slot, return movement of bolt 30 causes trip actuator lever 140 to move in a clockwise direction about trip actuator pin 142. This imparts downward movement to the end of sear actuator link 132 against trip pin 128 due to the interaction of cam surface 144 and trip pin 138. By this time, pawl 100 has been focused out of engagement with downward end 110'a of sear 110' via the interaction of cam surface 102 with pawl actuator pin 106 as previously described. However, clockwise movement of sear 110' about sear pin 112, which would return the sear to its initial position, is prevented, since selector pin 128 passing through slot 130 is held in position by sear actuator link 132 and trip actuator lever 140. Thus, since the upper end 110'b of sear 110' cannot return to its original position, the bolt 30 and firing pin 34 once again travel to their forwardmost positions to cause the firing of the next cartridge in the firing chamber. The automatic firing continues until the operator releases trigger 84' to thereby allow the parts of the mechanism to assume their initial positions as shown in FIG. 19. Once sear 110' returns to its original position, upper portion 110b engages firing pin 34 to prevent further firing.

In order to enable the weapon to fire in a semi-automatic mode, the selector knob 124 is moved to the other end of slot 122, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, thereby causing selector link 126 and selector pin 128 to move fowardly as shown. This forward movement results in selector pin 128 being located toward the forward end of slot 130 in sear 110'. Selector assembly knob 124 is retained in either of the extreme positions in slot 122 via selector assembly spring 125.

The operation of this mode will be described in relation to FIG. 21 wherein the elements are shown in their initial positions. The positions of these parts at rest correspond to the initial positions of the fully automatic mode, as shown in FIG. 19, with the exception of the location of selector pin 128. As trigger 84' is pulled by user, pawl 100 once again forces sear 110' to pivot in a counterclockwise direction about sear pin 112 due to the engagement of the pawl 100 with the lower end 110'a of the sear. As this engagement continues, the upper portion 110'b is withdrawn from contact with the firing pin 34, thereby allowing it to move forward and discharge the shell in the firing chamber. The recoil of bolt 30 is the same as that previously described in relation to the fully automatic mode.

However, once pawl 100 is disengaged from lower end 110'a, due to the interaction of cam surface 102 with pawl actuator pin 106, near 110' immediately returns to its original position position due to the biasing force of sear spring 114. The forward location of selector pin 128 prevents any contact between it and sear actuator link 132 as in the fully automatic mode; therefore, the sear 110' is not restricted in its return movement. Return movement of the bolt 30 once again causes longitudinal cam slot 148 to depress trip actuator lever 140 against trip pin 138, thereby moving the end of sear actuator link 132 in a downward direction. Since there is no contact between sear actuator 132 and selector pin 128, sear 110' is free to return to its original position to engage firing pin 34. This engagement prevents repeated firing of the weapon.

FIGS. 22-26 show the cartride feeding and extracting mechanism associated with the weapon. The cartridges may be fed from magazine 150 which may be inserted into a cavity defined by stock 14. The magazine is retained in its inserted position by magazine retainer 152 pivotally attached to the stock adjacent the magazine opening. The inner end of magazine retainer 152 has a protrusion 153 which engages a corresponding notch in the magazine. Removal of the magazine may be effected by manually pivoting magazine retainer 152 about its attachment to thereby retract protrusion 153 from the notch. Magazine 150 contains a plurality of cartridges which are spring biased in an upward direction via spring 154 interposed between the lower end of the magazine and cartridge support 156 which is slidably retained within the magazine. The structure of such a magazine is well known in the art and does not form part of this invention.

As shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, charging arm 40 is attached to bolt 30 such that it extends to the exterior of the barrel assembly 10 through a slot 160 in bolt housing 20. Charging arm 40 enables the user to manually withdraw bolt 30 from the forwardmost position thereby allowing caartridge 162 to be forced out of the magazine 150. Release of charing arm 40 allows recoil spring 42 to force the bolt forwardldy thereby placing cartridge 162 in the firing chamber as shown in FIG. 24. The bolt may be retained in its withdrawn position by laterally displacing charging arm 40 such that enlarged portion 164 engages enlarged opening 166. The charging arm 40 may be completely removed or the bolt retained in its rearwardmost position by interengagement of second enlarged portion 168 with enlarged end 170 of the slot 160.

Once the cartridge 162 has been placed in the firing chamber the weapon may be operated in either mode as previously described. The forward motion of firing pin 34 causes cartridge 162 to discharge thereby foring the shell of the cartridge and bolt 30 in a rearward direction (towards the left as viewed in FIG. 24). Extractor 32 is pivotally attached to bolt 30 via extractor retainer pin 174. Extractor 32 has a notched end 32a which engages the rear of the cartridge shell. End 32a is retained in contact with the shell by the biasing force supplied by extractor spring 176 acting on the opposite end.

Ejector 178 is attached to bolt housing 20 as shown. Thus, as bolt 30, along with extractor 32 and the cartridge shell move rearwardly during the recoil action, the end of the cartridge 162 will engage edge 178a of the ejector. As the extractor and bolt continue their rearward movement, the cartridge shell is caused to pivot about a vertical axis and be ejected outwardly. Before the bolt 30 beings its forward movement, the next cartridge 162 is displaced from the magazine and forced into the firing chamber as the bolt returns to its forward position.

From the foregoing description it is readily seen that the invention provides a reliable and inexpensively manufactured blow back weapon having a pivoting and/or easily removable barrel assembly, and one which is capable of operating in either a semi-automatic or fully automatic mode. This may be accomplished either by movement of a selector or by replacement of a fully contained firing mechanism actuator cassette. The operation of the weapon is such that it always fires from a closed bolt, and its reliability is increased due to the easily replaceable nature of its major components.

The foregoing description is provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as in any way limiting this invention, the scope of which is defined solely by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A projectile firing weapon comprising: end walls; side, end and top walls and configured to slide into said cavity; and arranged to engage the cassette top wall and to retain said cassette bottom wall against the cavity bottom wall and the cassette top wall against the firing mechanism thereby restraining the cassette from vertical movement within the cavity; side walls that the cassette side walls are contiguous with the cavity side walls along at least a portion of their surfaces and are retained between the cavity side walls; walls that said cassette end walls are contiguous with the cavity end walls along at least a portion of their surfaces and are retained between the cavity end walls, thereby restraining the cassette from lateral movement within the cavity; projectile; release of said fastening means causing uncovering of said cavity and release of said cassette for movement relative to said grip means and for movement relative to said firing mechanism; said firing mechanism; each other and said trigger for controlling detonation of a projectile; and cooperation with said firing mechanism.

2. A weapon according to claim 1, whereby said fastening means include pivot means for connecting the firing mechanism to the grip means and for enabling said firing mechanism to pivot relative to said grip means; and include means for securing said firing mechanism against pivotal motion relative to said grip means; pivotal movement of said firing mechanism relative to said grip means causing uncovering of said cavity and release of said cassette for movement relative to said grip means and for movement relative to said firing mechanism.

3. The weapon according to claim 2, wherein said pivot means is arranged to enable the firing mechanism to pivot upwardly away from the top wall of the cassette.

4. The weapon according to claim 2, said barrel connected to said firing mechanism assembly for movement therewith.

5. The weapon according to claim 2, said pivot means comprising an assembly of a pin and hook, the pin and hook separately disposed on the grip means and the firing mechanism assembly for cooperative pivotal movement relative to each other, said hook disengageable from the pin upon pivotal movement relative thereto beyond a pre-determined degree of angular relative movement.

6. The weapon according to claim 1, said grip means including a cassette retainer, said cassette retainer being removably secured to said grip means, said cassette retainer including said upwardly opening cavity with bottom and side walls for receiving said cassette.

7. The weapon according to claim 1, said cavity having front and rear walls, said cassette including front and rear walls, all said side, bottom, front and rear walls of said grip means and said cassette configured so that they are all contiguous to each other when said cassette is disposed in said cavity.