NBS

PUBLICATIONS

NAT'L INST OF STAND & TECH

A 11 ID 7 25S727

TP

NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 260-103

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards

Standard Reference Materials:

Glass Fiberblanket SRM for

Thermal Resistance

J.G. Hust

QC

100

• U57

260-103

1985

C 2
TM he National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The m Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a

basis for the nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and

government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is performed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Institute for Materials Science and Engineering

.

The National Measurement Laboratory

Provides the national system of physical and chemical measurement;

coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and

furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and

chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, in- dustry, and commerce; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; conducts physical and chemical research; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides

calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Basic Standards

Radiation Research Chemical Physics

Analytical Chemistry

The National Engineering Laboratory

Provides technology and technical services to the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and maintains competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement

capabilities; provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops

test methods and proposes engineering standards and code changes; develops and proposes new engineering practices; and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer results of its research to the ultimate user. The

Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Applied Mathematics

Electronics and Electrical Engineering2 Manufacturing Engineering

Building Technology

Fire Research Chemical Engineering2

The Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology

Conducts research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and economy in Government

operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing

the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP

voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government. The Institute consists of the following centers:

Programming Science and

Technology Computer Systems

Engineering

The Institute for Materials Science and Engineering

Conducts research and provides measurements, data, standards, reference

materials, quantitative understanding and other technical information funda- mental to the processing, structure, properties and performance of materials; addresses the scientific basis for new advanced materials technologies; plans

research around cross-country scientific themes such as nondestructive

evaluation and phase diagram development; oversees Bureau-wide technical programs in nuclear reactor radiation research and nondestructive evaluation; and broadly disseminates generic technical information resulting from

its programs. The Institute consists of the following Divisions:

Inorganic Materials Fracture and Deformation3 Polymers

Metallurgy Reactor Radiation

'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, MD, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Gaithersburg. MD 20899.

2 Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303. 'Located at Boulder, CO, with some elements at Gaithersburg, MD.
JIATTONAt BUREAU OF STANDARDS

LIBRARY

' Standard Reference Materials:

* * *

f 0 .

; Glass Fiberblanket SRM

for Thermal Resistance

J.G. Hust

Center for Chemical Engineering

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Boulder, CO 80303

Sponsored by: Office of Standard Reference Materials National Measurement Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler, Director Issued September 1985
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85-600582

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 260-103

Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 260-103, 27 pages (Sept. 1985)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1985

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402
Preface

Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) as defined by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) are well-characterized materials, produced in quantity and certified for one or more physical or chemical properties. They are used to assure the accuracy and compatibility of measurements

throughout the Nation. SRM's are widely used as primary standards in many diverse fields in science, industry, and technology, both within the United States and throughout the world. They are also used extensively in the fields of environmental and clinical analysis. In many applications, traceability of quality control and measurement processes to the national measurement system is carried out through the mechanism and use of SRM's. For many of the Nation's scientists and technologists it is therefore of more than passing interest to know the details of the measurements

made at NBS in arriving at the certified values of the SRM's produced. An NBS series of papers, of which this publication is a member, called the NBS Special Publication - 260 Series , is reserved for this purpose. The 260 Series is dedicated to the dissemination of information on different phases of the preparation, measurement, certification and use of NBS SRM's. In general, much more detail will be found in these papers than is generally allowed, or desirable, in scientific journal articles. This enables the user to assess the validity and accuracy of the measurment processes employed, to judge

the statistical analysis, and to learn details of techniques and methods utilized for work entailing

the greatest care and accuracy. These papers also should provide sufficient additional information

not found on the certificate so that new applications in diverse fields not foreseen at the time the SRM was originally issued will be sought and found. Inquiries concerning the technical content of this paper should be directed to the author(s). Other questions concered with the availability, delivery, price, and so forth, will receive prompt attention from: Office of Standard Reference Materials National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, MD 20899

Stanley D. Rasberry, Chief Office of Standard Reference Materials

iii
OTHER NBS PUBLICATIONS IN THIS SERIES

Catalog of NBS Standard Reference Materials

(1984-85 edition), Catherine H. Hudson, ed., NBS

Spec. Publ. 260 (February 1984). $5.50* SN003-

003-02558-5.

Michaelis, R. E., and Wyman, L. L. Standard

Reference Materials: Preparation of White Cast

Iron Spectrochemical Standards. NBS Misc. Publ. 260-1 (June 1964). COM74-1 1061**

Michaelis, R. E„ Wyman, L. L., and Flitsch, R., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation of NBS Copper-Base Spectrochemical Standards. NBS Misc. Publ. 260-2 (October 1964). COM74-

11063**

Michaelis, R. E., Yakowitz, H., and Moore, G. A., Standard Reference Materials: Metallographic

Characterization of an NBS Spectrometric LowAlloy Steel Standard. NBS Misc. Publ. 260-3 (October 1964). COM74-1 1060"

Hague, J. L. Mears, T. W., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Sources of

Information, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-4 (February

1965). COM74-11059

Alvarez, R., and Flitsch R., Standard Reference

Materials: Accuracy of Solution X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis of Copper-Base Alloys. NBS

Misc. Publ. 260-5 (March 1965). PB168068"

Shultz, J. I., Standard Reference Materials: Methods for the Chemical Analysis of White

Cast Iron Standards, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-6

(July 1965). COM74-11068"

Bell, R. K., Standard Reference Materials: Methods for the Chemical Analysis of NBS

Copper-Base Spectrochemical Standards. NBS

Misc. Publ. 260-7 (October 1965). COM74-

11067"

Richmond, M.S., Standard Reference Materials: Analysis of Uranium Concentrates at the

National Bureau of Standards. NBS Misc. Publ. 260-8 (December 1965). COM74-1 1066** Anspach, S. C, Cavallo, L. M. Garfinkel, S. B. Hutchinson, J. M. R., and Smith, C. N., Standard Reference Materials: Half Lives of Materials Used in the Preparation of Standard Reference Materials of Nineteen Radioactive Nuclides

Issued by the National Bureau of Standards NBS Misc. Publ. 260-9 (November 1965). COM74-11065"

Yakowitz, H., Vieth, D. L., Heinrich, K. F. J., and

Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity Characterization of NBS Spectrometric Standards II: Cartridge Brass and LowAlloy Steel, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-10 (December

(1965). COM74-11064"

Napolitano, A., and Hawkins, E. G., Standard Reference Materials: Viscosity of Standard

Lead-Silica Glass, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-11 (November 1966). NBS Misc. Publ. 260-1 1** Yakowitz, H., Vieth, D. L., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity

Characterization of NBS Spectrometric Standards III: White Cast Iron and Stainless Steel Powder Compact, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-12

(September 1966). NBS Misc. Publ. 260-12"

Spijkerman, J. L., Snediker, D. K., Ruegg, F. C,

and DeVoe, J. R., Standard Reference Materials: Mossbauer Spectroscopy Standard for the Chemical Shift of Iron Compounds, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-13 (July 1967). NBS Misc. Publ.

260-1 3"

Menis, O., and Sterling, J. T., Standard Reference

Materials: Determination of Oxygen in Ferrous

Materials - SRM 1090, 1091, and 1092, NBS

Misc. Publ. 260-14 (September 1966). NBS Misc.

Publ. 260-14**

Passaglia, E., and Shouse, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Recommended Method of Use

of Standard Light-Sensitive Paper for Calibrat- ing Carbon Arcs Used in Testing Textiles for Colorfastness to Light, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-15 (June 1967). (Replaced by NBS Spec. Publ.

260-41.) Yakowitz, H., Michaelis, R. E., and Vieth, D. L., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity

Characterization of NBS Spectrometric Standards IV: Preparation and Microprobe Characterization of W-20% MO Alloy Fabricated by Powder Metallurgical Methods, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-16 (January 1969). COM74-1 1062** Catanzaro, E. J., Champion, C. E., Garner, E. L., Marinenko, G., Sappenfteld, K. M., and Shields, W. R., Standard Reference Materials: Boric

Acid; Isotopic and Assay Standard Reference

Materials, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-17 (February

1970). Out of Print. Geller, S. B., Mantek, P.A., and Cleveland, N.

G., Standard Reference Materials: Calibration of NBS Secondary Standard Magnetic Tape (Computer Amplitude Reference) Using the Reference Tape Amplitude Measurement

"Process A," NBS Spec. Publ. 260-18 (November

1969). (See NBS Spec. Publ. 260-29.) Paule, R. C, and Mandel, J., Standard Reference

Materials: Analysis of Interlaboratory Measure- ments on the Vapor Pressure of Gold (Certifica- tion of Standard Reference Material 745). NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-19 (January 1970). PB190071"

Paule, R. C, and Mandel, J., Standard Reference

Materials: Analysis of Interlaboratory Measurements on the Vapor Pressures of Cadmium and

Silver, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-21 (January 1971). COM74-11359"

Yakowitz, H, Fiori, C. E., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity

Characterization of Fe-3 Si Alloy, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-22 (February 1971). COM74-1 1357**

Napolitano, A., and Hawkins, E. G., Standard

Reference Materials: Viscosity of a Standard

Borosilicate Glass, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-23 (December 1970). COM7 1-00 157**

Sappenfield, K M., Marineko, G., and Hague, J. L., Standard Reference Materials: Comparison

of Redox Standards, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-24 (January 1972). COM72-50058**

iv
Hicho, G. E., Yakowitz, H., Rasberry, S. D., and

Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: A Standard Reference Material Containing

Nominally Four Percent Austenite, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-25 (February 1971). COM74-1 1356** Martin, J. F., Standard Reference Materials:

National Bureau of Standards-US Steel Corporation Joint Program for Determining Oxygen and Nitrogen in Steel, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-26

(February 1971). 85 cents* PB 81 176620

Garner, E. L., Machlan, L. A., and Shields, W. R., Standard Reference Materials: Uranium

Isotopic Standard Reference Materials, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-27 (April 1971). COM74-

11358**

Heinrich, K. F. J., Myklebust, R. L., Rasberry, S. D., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation and Evaluation of SRM's 481 and 482 Gold-Silver and GoldCopper Alloys for Microanalysis, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-28 (August 1971). COM71-50365**

Geller, S. B., Standard Reference Materials: Cali- bration of NBS Secondary Standard Magnetic Tape (Computer Amplitude Reference) Using

the Reference Tape Amplitude Measurement

"Process A-Model 2," NBS Spec. Publ. 260-29 (June 1971). COM71-50282

Gorozhanina, R. S., Freedman, A. Y., and

Shaievitch, A. B. (translated by M. C. Selby), Standard Reference Materials: Standard

Samples Issued in the USSR (A Translation from the Russian). NBS Spec. Publ. 260-30 (June

1971). COM71-50283**

Hust, J. G., and Sparks, L. L., Standard Reference

Materials: Thermal Conductivity of Electrolytic Iron SRM 734 from 4 to 300 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-31 (November 1971). COM71-50563**

Mavrodineanu, R., and Lazar, J. W., Standard

Reference Materials: Standard Quartz Cuvettes,

for High Accuracy Spectrophotometry, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-32 (December 1973). 55 cents* SN003-003-01213-1 Wagner, H. L., Standard Reference Materials: Comparison of Original and Supplemental SRM 705, Narrow Molecular Weight Distri- bution Polystyrene, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-33 (May 1972). COM72-50526**

Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G., Standard Reference

Materials: Thermoelectric Voltage, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-34, (April 1972). COM72-50371**

Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity of

Austenitic Stainless Steel, SRM 735 from 5 to 280 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-35 (April 1972.) 35 cents* COM72-50368**

Cali, J. P., Mandel, J., Moore, L. J., and Young, D.

S., Standard Reference Materials: A Referee Method for the Determination of Calcium in Serum, NBS SRM 915, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-36 (May 1972). COM72-50527**

Shultz, J. I. Bell., R. K. Rains, T. C, and Menis,

O., Standard Reference Materials: Methods of

Analysis of NBS Clay Standards, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-37 (June 1972). COM72-50692**

Richmond, J. C, and Hsia, J. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Preparation and Calibration of Standards of Spectral Specular Reflectance, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-38 (May 1972). COM72-

50528**

Clark, A. F., Denson, V.A., Hust, J. G., and

Powell, R. L., Standard Reference Materials: The Eddy Current Decay Method for Resistivity Characterization of High-Purity Metals, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-39 (May 1972). COM72-50529**

McAdie, H. G., Garn, P.D., and Menis, O., Standard Reference Materials: Selection of Thermal

Analysis Temperature Standards Through a Cooperative Study (SRM 758, 759, 760), NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-40 (August 1972.) COM72-

50776** Wood, L. A., and Shouse, P. J., Standard

Reference Materials: Use of Standard LightSensitive Paper for Calibrating Carbon Arcs Used in Testing Textiles for Colorfastness to

Light, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-41 (August 1972) COM72-50775**

Wagner, H. L. and Verdier, P. H., eds., Standard

Reference Materials: The Characterization of Linear Polyethylene, SRM 1475, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-42 (September 1972). COM72-

50944**

Yakowitz, H., Ruff, A. W., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation and Homogeneity Characterization of an Austenitic Iron-Chromium-Nickel Alloy, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-43 (November 1972). COM73-50760**

Schooley, J. F., Soulen, R. J., Jr., and Evans, G. A.,

Jr., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation and Use of Superconductive Fixed Point

Devices, SRM 767, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-44 (December 1972). COM73-50037**

Greifer, B., Maienthal, E. J., Rains, T. C, and

Rasberry, S. D., Standard Reference Materials: Powdered Lead-Based Paint, SRM 1579, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-45 (March 1973). COM73-

50226**

Hust, J. G., and Giarratano, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity and

Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials: Austenitic Stainless Steel, SRM's 735 and

798, from 4 to 1200 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-46 (March 1975). SN003-003-0 1278-5* Hust, J. G., Standard Reference Materials: Electrical Resistivity of Electrolytic Iron, SRM 797, and Austenitic Stainless Steel, SRM 798, from 5 to 280 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-47 (February

1974). COM74-50176** Mangum, B. W., and Wise, J. A., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Description and Use of Precision Thermometers for the Clinical Laboratory, SRM 933 and SRM 934, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-48 (May 1974). 60 cents* SN003-003-0 1278-5 Carpenter, B. S., and Reimer, G. M., Standard

Reference Materials: Calibrated Glass Standards for Fission Track Use, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-49 (November 1974). COM74-51185

V
Hust, J. G., and Giarratano, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials:

Electrolytic Iron, SRM's 734 and 797 from 4 to 1000 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-50 (June 1975). $ 1 .00* SN003-003-0I425-7 Mavrodineanu, R , and Baldwin, J. R., Standard

Reference Materials: Glass Filters As a Standard Reference Material for Spectrophotometry;

Selection; Preparation; Certification; Use-SRM

930, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-51 (November 1975). $1.90* SN003-003-01481-8

Hust, J. G., and Giarratano, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials 730 and 799, from 4 to 3000 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-52 (September 1975). $1.05* SN003-003-

01464-8 Durst, R. A., Standard Reference Materials: Standardization of pH Measurements, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-53 (December 1975, Revised). $1.05 SN003-O03-O1551-2

Burke, R. W., and Mavrodineanu, R , Standard

Reference Materials: Certification and Use of Acidic Potassium Dichromate Solutions as an

Ultraviolet Absorbance Standard, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-54 (August 1977). $3.00* SNO03-O03-

01828-7

Ditmars, D. A., Cezairliyan, A., Ishihara, S., and

Douglas, T. B., Standard Reference Materials: Enthalpy and Heat Capacity; Molybdenum SRM 781, from 273 to 2800 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-55 (September 1977). $2.20* SN003-003-

01836-8

Powell, R. L., Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G., Standard Reference Materials: Standard

Thermocouple Materials, Pt.67: SRM 1967, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-56 (February 1978). $2.20*

SN003-003-0 18864

Cali, J. P. and Plebanski, T., Guide to United

States Reference Materials, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-57 (February 1978). $2.20* PB 277173

Barnes, J. D., and Martin, G. M., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Polyester Film for Oxygen Gas

Transmission Measurements SRM 1470, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-58 (June 1979) $2.00* SN003-

003-02077 Chang, T., and Kahn, A. H. Standard Reference

Materials: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Intensity Standard; SRM 2601, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-59 (August 1978) $2.30* SN003-

003-01975-5 Velapoldi, R. A., Paule, R. C, Schaffer, R., Mandel, J., and Moody, J. R., Standard Refer- ence Materials: A Reference Method for the Determination of Sodium in Serum, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-60 (August 1978). $3.00* SNO03-O03

01978-0

Verdier, P. H., and Wagner. H. L., Standard Refer- ence Materials: The Characterization of Linear Polyethylene (SRM 1482, 1483, 1484), NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-61 (December 1978). $1.70* SNO03-OO3-O2OO6-1

Soulen, R. J., and Dove, R. B., Standard Reference

Materials: Temperature Reference Standard

for Use Below 0.5 K (SRM 768). NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-62 (April 1979). $2.30* SN003-O03-

02047-8 Velapoldi, R. A., Paule, R. C, Schaffer, R. Mandel, J., Machlan, L. A., and Gramlich, J. W., Standard Reference Materials: A Reference Method for the Determination of Potassium in Serum. NBS Spec. Publ. 260-63 (May 1979). $3.75* SN003-003-02068

Velapoldi, R. A., and Mielenz, K. D., Standard

Reference Materials: A Fluorescence Standard

Reference Material Quinine Sulfate Dihydrate (SRM 936), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-64 (January

1980). $4.25* SN003-003-O2148-2 Marinenko, R. B., Heinrich, K. F. J., and Ruegg,

F. C, Standard Reference Materials: Micro- Homogeneity Studies of NBS Standard Reference

Materials, NBS Research Materials, and Other Related Samples. NBS Spec. Publ. 260-65

(September 1979). $3.50* SN0O3-O03-O21 14-1 Venable, W. H., Jr., and Eckerle, K. L., Standard

Reference Materials: Didymium Glass Filters for Calibrating the Wavelength Scale of Spectro- photometers (SRM 2009, 2010, 2013). NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-66 (October 1979). $3.50* SN003-003-

02127-0

Velapoldi, R. A., Paule, R. C, Schaffer, R., Mandel,

J., Murphy, T. J., and Gramlich, J. W., Standard

Reference Materials: A Reference Method for the Determination of Chloride in Serum, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-67 (November 1979). $3.75* SN003-

003-02136-9 Mavrodineanu, R. and Baldwin, J. R., Standard

Reference Materials: Metal-On-Quartz Filters as a Standard Reference Material for Spectrophoto- metry-SRM 2031, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-68

(April 1980). $4.25* SN003-003-02167-9

Velapoldi, R. A., Paule, R. C, Schaffer, R., Mandel, J., Machlan, L. A., Garner, E. L„ and

Rains, T. C, Standard Reference Materials: A

Reference Method for the Determination of Lithium in Serum, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-69 (July)

1980). $4.25* SN003-003-02214-4 Marinenko, R. B., Biancaniello, F., Boyer, P. A., Ruff, A. W., DeRobertis, L., Standard Reference

Materials: Preparation and Characterization of an Iron-Chromium-Nickel Alloy for Microanalysis, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-70 (May 1981). $2.50* SNO03-OO3-O2328-1 Seward, R. W., and Mavrodineanu, R., Standard

Reference Materials: Summary of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Issued by the National Bureau of Standards, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-71 (November 1981). $6.50* SN0O3-OO3-O2381-7

Reeder, D.J., Coxon, B., Enagonio, D.,Christensen, R. G., Schaffer, R., Howell, B. F., Paule, R. C,

Mandel, J., Standard Reference Materials: SRM

900, Antiepilepsy Drug Level Assay Standard, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-72 (June 1981). $4.25* SNO03-O03-O2329-9

vi
Interrante, C. G., and Hicho, G. E., Standard Refer- ence Materials: A Standard Reference Material Containing Nominally Fifteen Percent Austenite (SRM 486), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-73 (January

1982). $2.75* SN003-003-O2386-8 Marinenko, R. B., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation and Characterization of K-411 and

K-414 Mineral Glasses for Microanalysis: SRM

470. NBS Spec. Publ. 260-74 (April 1982). $3.50 SNO03-003-O23-95-7

Weidner, V. R., and Hsia, J. J., Standard Reference

Materials: Preparation and Calibration of First Surface Aluminum Mirror Specular Reflectance Standards (SRM 2003a), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-75 (May 1982). $3.75 SNOO3-O03-023-99-O

Hicho, G. E. and Eaton, E. E., Standard Reference Materials: A Standard Reference Material

Containing Nominally Five Percent Austenite (SRM 485a), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-76 (August

1982). $3.50 SN003-003-024-33-3 Furukawa, G. T., Riddle, J. L., Bigge, W. G., and

Pfieffer, E. R., Standard Reference Materials: Application of Some Metal SRM's as Thermometric Fixed Points, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-77 (August 1982). $6.00 SN003-003-O24-34-I

Hicho, G. E. and Eaton, E. E., Standard Reference

Materials: Standard Reference Material Containing Nominally Thirty Percent Austenite (SRM

487), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-78 (September 1982). $3.75* SN0O3-OO3-O24-35-O Richmond, J. C, Hsia, J. J. Weidner, V. R., and

Wilmering, D. B., Standard Reference Materials: Second Surface Mirror Standards of Specular

Spectral Reflectance (SRM's 2023, 2024, 2025), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-79 (October 1982). $4.50* SN003-003-024-47-3

Schaffer, R., Mandel, J., Sun, T., Cohen, A., and

Hertz, H. S., Standard Reference Materials: Evaluation by an ID/ MS Method of the AACC

Reference Method for Serum Glucose, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-80 (October 1982). $4.75* SN003-

003-024^3-1

Burke, R. W., and Mavrodineanu, R. (NBS retired), Standard Reference Materials: Accuracy in Analytical Spectrophotometry, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-81 (April 1983). $6.00* SN003-003-024-8

Weidner, V. R., Standard Reference Materials: White Opal Glass Diffuse Spectral Reflectance Standards for the Visible Spectrum (SRM's 2015 and 2016). NBS Spec. Publ. 260-82 (April 1983). $3.75* SN003-003-024-89-9**

Bowers, G. N., Jr., Alvarez, R., Cali, J. P. (NBS

retired), Eberhardt, K. R., Reeder, D. J., Schaffer, R., Uriano, G. A., Standard Reference

Materials: The Measurement of the Catalytic

(Activity) Concentration of Seven Enzymes in NBS Human Serum SRM 909, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-83 (June 1983). $4.50* SN0O3-O03-O24-

99-6

Gills, T. E., Seward, R. W., Collins, R. J., and

Webster, W. C, Standard Reference Materials: Sampling, Materials Handling, Processing, and

Packaging of NBS Sulfur in Coal Standard

Reference Materials, 2682, 2683, 2684, and 2685, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-84 (August 1983). $4.50* SNO03-OO3-O25-20-8

Swyt, D. A., Standard Reference Materials: A Look

at Techniques for the Dimensional Calibration of Standard Microscopic Particles, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-85 (September 1983). $5.50* SN003-003-

025-21-6 Hicho, G. E. and Eaton, E. E., Standard Reference Materials: A Standard Reference Material

Containing Two and One-Half Percent Austenite, SRM 488, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-86 (December

1983). $1.75* SN003-003-025-4I-1 Mangum, B. W., Standard Reference Materials: SRM 1969: Rubidium Triple-Point - A Temperature Reference Standard Near 39.30 °C, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-87 (December 1983). $2.25* SN003-003-025-44-5 Gladney, E. S., Burns, C. E., Perrin, D. R., Roelandts, I., and Gills, T. E., Standard Reference Materials: 1982 Compilation of Elemental

Concentration Data for NBS Biological, Geological, and Environmental Standard Reference

Materials. Spec. Publ. 260-88 (March 1984). $7.00* SNO03-O03-02565-8

Hust, J. G., Standard Reference Materials: A Fine- Grained, Isotropic Graphite for Use as NBS

Thermophysical Property RM's from 5 to 2500 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-89 (September 1984). $4.50* SN0O3-003-O2608-5 Hust, J. G., and Lankford, A. B., Standard Reference Materials: Update of Thermal

Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity of

Electrolytic Iron, Tungsten, and Stainless Steel, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-90 (September 1984). $3.00* SNO03-OO3-O26O9-3

Goodrich, L. F., Vecchia, D. F., Pittman, E. S., Ekin, J. W., and Clark, A. F., Standard Reference

Materials: Critical Current Measurements on an NbTi Superconducting Wire Standard Reference

Material, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-91 (September

1984). $2.75* SN003-003-O2614-0

Carpenter, B. S., Standard Reference Materials: Calibrated Glass Standards for Fission Track Use (Supplement to NBS Spec. 260-49). NBS

Spec. Publ.. 260-92 (September 1984). $1.50* SN003-003-02610-7

Ehrstein, J., Preparation and Certification of Standard Reference Materials for Calibration of Spreading Resistance Probes, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-93 (January 1985).

Gills, T. E., Koch, W. F. Stolz, J. W., Kelly, W. R., Paulsen, P. J., Colbert, J. C. Kirklin, D. R., Pei, P.T.S., Weeks, S., Lindstrom, R. M.

Fleming, R. F., Greenberg, R. R., and

Paule, R. C, Methods and Procedures Used at the National Bureau of Standards to Certify Sulfur

in Coal SRM's for Sulfur Content, Calorific Value, Ash Content, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-94 (December 1984). Mulholland, G. W., Hartman, A. W., Hembree,

G. G., Marx, E., and Lettieri, T. R., Standard

Reference Materials: Development of a 1 um

Diameter Particle Size Standard, SRM 1690, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-95 (May 1985).
Carpenter, B. S., Gramlich, J. W., Greenberg, R. R., and Machlan, L. A., Standard Reference

Materials: Uranium-235 Isotopic Abundance Standard Reference Materials for Gamma

Spectrometry Measurements, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-96 (In Press). Mavrodineanu, R. and Gills, T. E., Standard

Reference Materials: Summary of the Coal, Ore,

Mineral, Rock, and Refractory Standards Issued by the National Bureau of Standards, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-97 (In Press). Hust, J. G., Standard Reference Materials: Glass Fiberboard SRM for Thermal Resistance, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-98 (In Press). Callanan, J. E., Sullivan, S. A., and Vecchia, D. F., Standard Reference Materials: Feasibility Study

for the Development of Standards Using

Differential Scanning Calorimetry, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-99 (In Press). Taylor, J. K., Standard Reference Materials: Hand- book for SRM Users, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-100

(In Press). Mangum, B. W., Standard Reference Materials: SRM 1970, Succinonitrile Triple-Point Standard: A Temperature Reference Standard Near

58.08 °C, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-101 (In Press). Mavrodineanu, R., Standard Reference Materials: Holmium Oxide Solution Wavelength Standard from 240- 6S0 nm, SRM 2034, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-102 (In Press). Hust, J. G., Standard Reference Materials: Glass Fiberblanket SRM for Thermal Resistance, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-103 (In Press).

* Send order with remittance to Superintendent

of Documents, US Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402. Remittance from

foreign countries should include an additional one-fourth of the purchase price for postage. ** May be ordered from: National Technical Information Services (NTIS). Springfield

' Virginia 22161.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Preface iii Abstract 1

1. Introduction 1

2. Material Characterization 1

3. Measurements 2

4. Data Analysis 2

5. Comparisons 6

6. Certified Values 13

7. Summary 15

8. Acknowledgments 15

9. References 15

ix

Standard Reference Materials: Glass Fi berbl anket SRM for Thermal Resistance

J. G. Hust Chemical Engineering Science Division

Center for Chemical Engineering

National Bureau of Standards

Boulder, Colorado 80303

The apparent thermal conductivity data that provide the basis for the certification of glass fi berbl anket as an SRM of thermal resistance are re- ported and analyzed. Detailed analysis and intercompari sons of NBS and other published data are given. These data are represented by an equation

describing the dependencies of the data on temperature and density. Certified values of thermal resistance are given for temperatures from 100 to 330 K and densities from 10 to 16 kg/m3

. Key words: apparent thermal conductivity; density; glass fiberblanket

Standard Reference Material; temperature; thermal resist- ance

1. Introduction

The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has an on-going program to establish

physical property Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) as needed to improve mea- surement reliability. The Center for Chemical Engineering (CCE) has been active

in a portion of this effort for about 20 years in establishing SRM's for thermal conductivity over a broad range of conductivities and temperatures. The status

of this effort was recently summarized by Hust [1]. The Center for Building

Technology (CBT) has supplied calibrated transfer specimens (CTS's) for thermal resistance of insulations for over 50 years.

During the mid 1970's, the American Society for Testing and Materials recog- nized the strong need for thermal insulation SRM's. As a consequence, a task group was established under the auspices of ASTM subcommittee C16.30 on thermal measurements. The recommendations for establishing thermal insulation SRM's was published in 1978 [2]. The purpose of the present publication is to describe the combined effort of CCE and CBT of NBS to establish the second of a series of insulation SRM's as recommended by the ASTM subcommittee. The first insulation SRM is a glass fiber- board material. It was established as an SRM of thermal resistance by Si u and Hust [3] for the temperature range 255 to 330 K in 1982, and was extended to 100 K in 1985 by Hust [4].

2. Material Characterization

In October 1979 two lots of 2.54 cm thick, glass fiberblanket insulation were purchased by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP)

and the Office of Standard Reference Materials (0SRM) both of NBS. The NVLAP

lot was used for proficiency testing. Its density ranged from 8 to 19 kg/m 3

. The 0SRM lot, supplied as 61 x 61 cm square specimens, was to be used as SRM stock and the specimen densities ranged from 12 to 15 kg/m3

. The specimens were selected individually from a much larger lot on a criterion of uniformity of

1
density over the center 36 x 36 cm square portions. The material consists of fibrous glass made into a low-density blanket bonded with phenolic resin. The fibers average about 5 ym in diameter and are oriented with their lengths extending primarily parallel to the face of the blanket. The binder content is re- ported to be about 6% by weight. The selection of this lot is described in detail in reference [14].

3. Measurements

The data used for certification of this material were obtained from two NBS apparatus

:

a) The CBT 100 cm line source guarded hot plate with a 40 cm diameter meter

area. It is described by Powell and Rennex [5]. A smaller version is described by Hahn [6].

b) The CCE 20 cm circular guarded hot plate with a 10 cm diameter meter

area. It is described by Smith, Hust, and Van Pool en [7].

During 1980 and 1981 measurements were conducted at CCE on five pairs of specimens from the 0SRM material at temperatures ranging from 100 K to 350 K. The test specimens were selected as follows: First, four 61 cm (24 in) squares

were selected from the 0SRM lot. These four pieces were chosen so their densities spanned the density range of the lot approximately uniformly. The specimen

identification numbers wee 81614, 81356, 80156, and 85715. The densities of these specimens were 12.16 (0.759), 13.01 (0.812), 14.24 (0.891), and 14.91 kg/m3 (0.931 lb/ft 3 ), respectively. These four pieces were cut into 11.7 cm (4.6 in) squares and the area density of each piece was determined. Five

sets of matched pairs of specimens were selected from the 11.7 cm squares. This size was chosen so that the specimens spanned the gap between the meter and guard

portions of the guarded hot plate. Guard frames were prepared from the same material to fill the remaining space between the hot and cold plates. These specimens ranged in density from 10.5 to 16 kg/m3

. The CCE measurements were conducted with various fill gases (air, nitrogen, argon, and helium) and over a range of fill-gas pressure from atmospheric pressure to high vacuum. The CCE measurements also involved a range of temperature differences between the hot cold plates from as small as 10 K to as large as 100 K. These variations in test conditions were helpful in separating the heat transfer mechanisms in this material. These data by CCE have been reported [8, 9, and 10]. The atmospheric

pressure data with air as the fill -gas are listed in Tables 1 and 2. More recently, CBT measured twenty-eight pairs of specimens from the 0SRM

lot using the 100 cm GHP [5]. These specimens included densities from 12 to 15 kg/m3 . All of the CBT measurements, listed in Table 3, were performed at 297 K with air as the fill -gas. The specimens were selected to span the entire

density range of the lot. The densities given in Table 3 are for the entire

61 cm square specimens.

4. Data Analysis

This report serves as the basis of the certification of this SRM over the temperature range 100 to 330 K with air as the fill-gas at atmospheric pressure

and a plate emittance of 0.8.

2
Table 1. CCE thermal conductivity data for glass fiberblanket (Set 1).

Tmean

Thot

Tcold Density Thickness Xobs Percent Devi

(K) (K) (K)

3\ (kg/m ) (cm)

-1 ~1 \ (mW*m *K ) 299 311.448 286.362 14.75 2.5892 39.970 -1.15

299 311.453 286.427 14.75 2.5892 40.356 -0.20

299 311.368 286.439 14.75 2.5892 40.484 0.14

249 260.599 238.257 14.76 2 . 5874 31.205 1.82

100 108.943 91.068 14.79 2.5824 10.250 -4.07 97 108.753 84.785 14.79 2.5823 10.255 -0.79 97 108.866 84.326 14.79 2.5823 10.370 0.49

111 123.378 98.174 14.79 2.5828 11.753 -0.89

111 123.287 98.269 14.79 2.5828 11.931 0.62

124 136.242 111.392 14.79 2.5832 13.386 0.18 136 148.977 123.504 14.79 2.5835 14.940 0.49

149 161.313 135.979 14.78 2.5839 16.588 1.00

162 174.164 149.286 14.78 2.5844 18.106 0.01

174 186.811 161.806 14.78 2.5848 19.696 -0.28 187 199.531 174.611 14.78 2.5852 21.366 -0.37 187 199.399 174.010 14.78 2.5852 21.275 -0.56

200 212.040 187.211 14.77 2.5856 23.012 -0.57

212 224.628 199.894 14.77 2.5861 24.853 -0.20 225 237.177 212.043 14.77 2.5865 26.673 -0.09 237 249.758 225.170 14.77 2.5870 28. 793 0.42 250 262.310 237. 589 14.76 2 . 5874 30.910 0.58

251 261.442 239.802 14.76 2.5874 31.068 0.74 262 274.855 249.807 14.76 2.5879 33.145 0.67

275 28 7.504 262.484 14.76 2.5883 35.618 0.78 288 300.073 275.064 14.76 2. 5888 38.048 0.32 300 312.537 287.671 14.75 2.5893 40.858 0.39 313 325.127 300.282 14.75 2.5898 43.680 0.02 325 337.512 312.764 14.75 2.5903 47.052 0.55 336 350.058 322.678 14.75 2.5907 49.957 0.35

350 362.512 337. 764 14.74 2.5913 54.043 0.71 315 335.306 294*375 14.75 2.5899 44.380 0.27

330 362.339 297.060 14.75 2.5904 48.243 0.10 357 362.637 350.773 14.74 2.5915 56.191 1.12 350 356.040 344.026 14.74 2.5913 53.903 0.56

338 349.850 325.269 14.74 2.5908 49.172 -1.92 337 349.523 325.165 14.74 2.5907 51.708 3.20 313 325.093 300.323 13.67 2. 7938 44.886 -0.05

325 33 7.730 312.757 13.67 2.7944 48.037 -0.41 338 350.061 325.083 13.67 2.7949 51.555 -0.29

350 362.525 33 7.771 13.67 2.7954 55.430 -0.04 300 309.293 290.863 13.68 2.7933 41.650 -0.21 350 362.489 338.093 13.81 2.7954 55 . 705 0.83 325 337. 504 313.172 13.81 2. 7944 48.261 0.41

300 312.496 288.474 13.82 2.7933 41.956 0.61

149 161.174 136.068 13.85 2.7875 16.208 -1.18

149 161.936 136.427 13.85 2. 7876 16.938 2.75

162 174.180 149.132 13.85 2 . 7880 18.289 0.96

174 199.768 149.231 13.84 2.7885 19.900 0.62 187 224.455 149.024 13.84 2.7889 21.533 0.72

195 241.527 149.199 13.84 2.7892 22.763 0.82

199 249.525 149.056 13.84 2.7894 23.312 0.70

212 274.651 149.271 13.84 2 . 7898 25.314 0.62 244 299 . 737 187.458 13.83 2.7910 30.361 -0.78

262 324.765 199.559 13.83 2.7918 33.962 -1.01 275 349.719 199.809 13.82 2. 7923 36.605 -1.81

Percent Deviation = Uobs

-* calc )100/Acalc

3
Table 2. CCE thermal conductivity data for glass fiberblanket (Set 2).

Tmean ^hot ^col d Density Thickness ^obs Percent uevi i (K) (K) (K)

1 (kg/nO (cm) (mW-m «K

l

)

1 12 124. 141 99. 248 10. 65 9 t;fl9H 11.976 2.95

161 . 282 136.046 10. 64 9 RQ1Q C. DOJ 3

1 £ QA1 1 D. OHO 11 • QdJH

1 QQ 212. 049 iflfi lODt Qfin 3UU 10. 64 2. 5856 CH. 94 1I/O -0.3 7 cOU OCO 9Q7 237.813 10. 63 9 Rfl 7A c. DO /H 11 11 -U .33 ouu inn 11JU«9 Jul Ifll 287. 707 10. 62 c. ooy j HD. HUD -1 . OH

1 1

1

111 123. 599 98. 585 11. 65 2 . 5828 111.1 777 / / /

11 . J31Q 149 161. 547 137.084 11. 65 2 . 5840 17.043 2.98

cUU 91 9 f19A <lic. UcO 187.237 11.64 c. DODO 9d i nn cH. 1UU U. OH

c DU 262. 157 237.405 11. 63 2. 5874 33.079 1.30 300 312. 516 287.932 11 . 62 2. 5893 44. 767 0. 65 111 123.154 98. 367 15.95 2. 5828 11.881 -0.84

149 1 61 . 604 136. 697 15.94 2. 5840 16. 785 1. 53 200 212.063 187.456 15.93 2. 5856 23. 020 0.05

250 262.271 237. 740 15.92 2 . 58 74 30. 738 1.55 300 312.432 287. 704 15. 91 2. 5893 40. 290 1.39

112 123.844 100.088 13.67 2.5828 11.659 -1.89

149 161. 690 136. 757 13. 66 2. 5840 16.42 7 -0.31 200 212.038 187.418 13. 65 2. 5856 23.238 -0. 53 250 262.292 238. 163 13. 64 2 . 58 74 31 . 600 0. 79 miOU1 3 1 2 • 70 5 289. 380 13. 63 2. 5893 41. 740 -0. 72 325 337.4 74 312.600 13. 63 2. 5903 48. 794 1.15 325 33 7.396 312.691 13.63 2. 5903 48.603 0. 75 325 337.363 312.854 13. 63 2. 5903 48.256 0.01 325 337.354 312.857 13. 63 2. 5903 48.280 0.06 325 337.351 312.858 13. 63 2. 5903 48.288 0.07

325 33 7.349 312.856 13.63 2. 5903 48.288 0.08 325 337.357 312.848 13. 63 2. 5903 48.256 0.01 325 337.343 312.850 13.63 2.5903 48.287 0.08

? fin 212. 220 188. 514 13. 65 2. 5857 23.334 -0. 51 200 212.263 188.482 13. 65 2. 5857 23.200 -1. 10 200 212. 272 188. 540 13. 65 2. 5857 23.247 -0.91 200 212.253 188. 592 13.65 2. 5857 23.31

7

-0. 62 200 212. 274 Iftft lOO. RR1 DOJ 13. 65 2. 5857 23.228 -1.01 200 212.303 188. 594 13.65 2. 5857 23.209 -1.11

tit. 91 9 ttj 9dQ 188. 551 13. 65 2. 5857 91C 3 » 99fl ecu -1.03 200 212.272 188. 544 13.65 2. 5857 23. 192 -1.15 200 212. 268 188. 545 13. 65 2. 58 5 7 23. 196 -1. 14 325 336.894 313.263 13. 63 2. 5903 48. 103 -0.29 325 336.831 312.958 13.63 2.5903 47.966 -o!47

325 336.939 313.594 13.63 2.5903 48.233 -0.12 325 337.035 313.292 13.63 2.5903 48.136 -0.27 326 337.398 313.676 13.63 2.5903 48.472 0.21

151 163.891 137.402 13.66 2. 5840 16. 623 -0.24

351 362.502 338.916 13.62 2.5913 56.480 1.36 325 336.865 314.109 13.63 2. 5903 47.087 -2.69

Percent Deviation = Uobs

-Xcalc )100/Acalc

4
T,

Table 3. CBT thermal conductivity data for glass fiberblanket

mean

Thot Tcold Density Thickness *obs Percent Devi

(K) (K) (K) (kq/m

3

) (cm) (mW-m'^K" 1

) 297 311.00 283.20 14.90 2.540 39.06 -1.86

297 311.00 283.20 12.20 2.540 42.24 -1.06 297 311.00 283.20 13.80 2.540 40.13 -1. 70 297 311.00 283.20 13.30 2.540 40.83 -1.26 297 311.00 283.20 14.90 2.540 39. 70 -0.21 297 311.00 283.20 13.90 2.540 40.94 0. 56 297 311.00 283.20 12.90 2. 540 41. 76 -0.10

297 311.00 283.20 12.80 2.540 42.24 0. 75 297 311.00 283.20 12.30 2.540 42.60 0.11 297 311.00 283.20 13.20 2.540 41.43 -0.06 297 311.00 283.20 12.60 2. 540 42.25 0.19 297 311.00 283.20 12.80 2. 540 41.86 -0.15 297 311.00 283.20 12. 70 2.540 42.52 1.12 297 311.00 283.20 13.20 2.540 41. 71 0.61

29 7 311.00 283.20 14.30 2. 540 40.68 0.88

297 311.00 283.20 13.10 2.540 42.24 1.59 297 311.00 283.20 12.80 2. 540 41.57 -0.85

297 311.00 283.20 12. 70 2.540 41.97 -0. 18 311 321.03 301.03 13.18 2.528 43.86 -2.81 297 307.03 287.03 13.18 2.539 41.35 -0.51

2 73 283.15 263.15 13.18 2. 535 35.30 -2.36

273 283.15 263.15 13.18 2. 558 35.60 -1. 50 311 320.96 300.96 12.15 2.543 46.81 0. 51 297 307.04 287.04 12.15 2.541 42.65 -0.46

2 73 283.21 263.21 12.15 2.570 36.38 -2.01

311 321.02 301.02 14.86 2.532 43.82 1. 55 297 307.06 287.06 14.86 2.551 40.19 0.72 273 283.12 263.12 14.86 2.580 34.73 -0.47

Percent Deviation = Uobs

-* calc )100Acalc

5
To facilitate comparison of the data and to provide a basis for the certifi- cation, a model was selected and optimized to represent the data. A variety of models from the literature were examined for this purpose. None of them proved

adequate for the entire temperature range of this certification. As a conse- quence, modification of the form presented for the certification of the glass

fiberboard SRM [4] was used. This model described the 128 GHP data points from

CCE and CBT with no systematic deviations either as a function of temperature

(from 100 to 350 K) or a function of density (from 10.5 to 16 kg/m3

). The

model is given by equation (1).

3

2 x(T, P ) = a

x + a2

p + a 3

T + a^T /p + a

5 exp -[(T-180)/75] (1) where the values of the parameters ,

a-,- , are ai = -0.1059, a^ = 0.1378, a^

= 0.07714, a4

= 8472. 10-9

, and ac = 1.339, p is the bulk density in kg/m3

, T is temperature in K, and x(T,p) is the apparent thermal conductivity

in mW.rn" 1 .K" 1 The deviations of the data from this model are shown in figure 1 as a func- tion of temperature, and in figure 2 as a function of bulk density. The two standard deviation values computed from the residuals of the fit is 2.1%. For illustration, values of x(T,p) are calculated and plotted in figure 3 as a func- tion of temperature at a density of 13 kg/rn3

, and in figure 4 as a function of density at a temperature of 300 K. Although the deviations shown in figures 1 and 2 appear random, systematic

differences between the CCE and CBT data as a function of temperature are noted. A similar difference in the slope as a function of temperature was noted in the

data for the glass fiberboard SRM 1450b [4]. The source of this systematic dif- ference is unknown, but it is less than the overall scatter of the data sets.

5. Comparisons

It is desirable to compare equation (1) to the results from other measurements on similar materials. It is most convenient to make these comparisons of X(T,p) through the use of the models. The baseline for these comparisons will be the values as calculated from equation (1). The most direct comparison that can be made is with respect to the recently

completed round robin on low-density glass fiberblanket materials as reported by Hust and Pelanne [11]. Part of these measurements were performed on the NVLAP

material obtained from the same supplier as was the 0SRM material. The data used to develop the model reported by Hust and Pelanne [11] included temperatures from 255 to 330 K, and densities from 11 to 35 kg/m3

. The comparison of the two models as a function of temperature for a density of 13 kg/m3 is shown in figure 5. The comparison as a function of density at a temperature of 300 K is shown in figure 6. Systematic differences between the two equations of as much as 2% are noted

at the lower densities. The agreement is excellent at the higher densities. Since part of the material used in the round robin was similar to the material

6
.... I .... I ... I .... I ... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... 1 ... . 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 TEMPERATURE,

K

Figure 1. Deviations of measured apparent thermal conductivities from values calculated with equation (1) versus the mean temperature of the measurements at densities from 10.5 to 16 kg/m3

. O - CCE Spec. 1 v - CCE Spec. 4 A - CCE Spec. 2 o - CCE Spec. 5

- CCE Spec. 3 + - CBT

7
2

-

H 1 " S 0

I »

_QO

° "I

-2

-3

-4

-5

I '

1 1 1

I

1 1 1 1

I

1 1 1 1 I

2s = 2.1%

I

++

+++ +

+ +

O +

10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 DENSITY, kg/m3 15.5 16

Fiyure 2 Deviations of measured apparent thermal conductivities from values calculated with equation (1) versus the bulk density of the speci- mens at temperatures from 100 to 360 K. O - CCE Spec. 1 A - CCE Spec. 2

- CCE Spec. 3

7 - CCE Spec. 4 O - CCE Spec. 5 + - CBT

8
100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 3 Thermal conductivity as a function of temperature at a density of

13 ky/m3 as calculated from equation (1).

9
48 I

1 1 1 1 |1 1 1 1 1

I

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 DENSITY, kg/m3

Fiyure 4 Thermal conductivity as a function of bulk density at a temperature of 300 K as calculated from equation (1).

10
I

' 11 1

I

' 1

'

1

I 1 1 1 1 I

1 '1 1 I I

' ' ' I

A A

i i i I i 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 TEMPERRTURE,K

i i i i i i i i 300 325 350

Figure 5 Comparison of equation (1) to previously published equations as a function of temperature at a density of 14.75 kg/m3

. Percent Difference = (VXeq.l )100/Xeq.r

O - Round Robin Model [11] A - Smith and Hust [9,10]

11
DENSITY, kg/m

Figure 6 Comparison of equation (1) to previously published equations as a function of density at a temperature of 297 K. Percent Difference

= Ur

x.eq i> 100/ W o - Round Robin Model [11]

V - GHP O - HFM + - HFM

12
used for this SRM, the difference as a function of density is probably an indica- tion of measurement uncertainty.

The supplier of this material performed numerous characterization measurements at a temperature of 297 K using heat flow meter apparatuses of various

sizes. They reported that the following equation described their apparent

thermal conductivity values as a function of density, p, within the imprecision

of the data: A = 28.57 + 179. 6/p where X is in mW-nT^K" 1 and p is in kg/m3

. Calculated values from this equation are compared to equation (1) in figure 6. This curve is nearly parallel to the curve for the round robin equa- tion [11]. Since the round robin equation is based on NBS data, a systematic

difference between the supplier's measurements and NBS measurements is noted. Another comparison that is useful for SRM utilization is with respect to the equation presented by Rennex [12], A = 25.3 + 212/p, for the CBT GHP data at a temperature of 29 7 K. Figure 6 shows that the equation presented by Rennex dif- fers by less than 1% from equation (1). The NBS-HFM apparatus with plate dimensions of 61 x 61 cm (24 x 24 in) and meter dimensions of 25 x 25 cm (10 x 10 in) was used to measure 75 specimens from

this lot at 297 K. Rennex [12] reported these data and an equation describing

the data to within about +2%. This equation, x = 24 + 229/p, is compared to equation (1) in figure 6. The deviations of the two equations are well within 1%

at the low density end, but exceed 1% at the higher densities.

6. Certified Val ues For certification purposes, values of thermal resistance, R, are desirable. Values of R at a thickness of 2.54 cm (1 in), R

0

, calculated from equation (2) are listed in Table 4 in units of m^.K-W" 1

. RQ

= 0.0254/X(T,p) (2) The as-tested thickness will most likely be slightly different from 2.54 cm. The

R values at different thicknesses, L, are calculated from

R = R

Q L/0.0254 (3) where R is the thermal resistance at the tested thickness, and R

Q is the certified value interpolated from the table or calculated from equation (2).

It should be noted that this material is certified only for thicknesses

within the range of the tests reported, nominally 2.54 cm (1 in). The specimens should be in good contact with the apparatus plates, but compression to a thickness less than 2.4 cm should be avoided. Reference 13 may aid the user in con- nection with the compression properties and homogeneity of this material.

Values of thermal resistance of this SRM are expected to be within 3% of the computed values at temperatures from 250 to 330 K, and increasing to 5% at 100 K. These estimates are based on the experimental data and include both material variability and measurement uncertainty.

13
Table 4. Certified Values of Thermal Resistance of a 2.54 cm Thick Specimen, R

0

, as a Function of Density and Temperature. (These values have been corrected for the thermal expansion of the measurement plates.)

Density (kg -3v

•m J

)

( K 10 12 14

)

16

7C .*T/ 47 9 7 441 7 401 7 mfi 110 2.219 2.202 2.176 2.144

120 2.000 1 .995 1 .979 1 .957

1 10 1 .812 1 .816 1 .809 1 "795

1 40 1 fi4Q 1 fifil 11 iUUI fifil 1 654

150 1.508 1.526 1.532 1.530

160 1.386 1.409 1.420 1.422

170 1.279 1.306 1.321 1.328

180 1.185 1.216 1.234 1.244

190 1.102 1.136 1.157 1.170

200 1.027 1.064 1.088 1.104

210 0.960 0.999 1.026 1.043

220 0.898 0.939 0.968 0.988

230 0.842 0.884 0.914 0.936

240 0.789 0.832 0.864 0.887

250 0.739 0.783 0.816 0.841

260 0.693 0.737 0.771 0.796

270 0.650 0.694 0.728 0.754

280 0.609 0.653 0.688 0.715

290 0.571 0.615 0.649 0.677

300 0.536 0.579 0.613 0.641

310 0.503 0.546 0.580 0.607

320 0.472 0.514 0.548 0.575

330 0.444 0.485 0.518 0.545 *R0 values are in units of nr-K-W"

14
7. Summary Measurements and data analysis are presented to establish a lot of glass

fiberblanket as an SRM of thermal resistance for temperatures from 100 to 330 K and densities from 10 to 16 kg/m3 . A model is presented that describes the data over the above temperature and density range to within the imprecision of the data. Comparisons to previously published values for similar material are presented.

8. Acknowledgments

This project has extended over a period of several years. During this time numerous people have contributed to this effort. B. Rennex performed the mea- surements attributed to CBT in this report. D. R. Smith and L. Van Pool en con- ducted some of the measurements attributed to CCE. Keith Kirby and Lee Kieffer

provided support through the Office of Standard Reference Materials, OSRM. In addition, funding was supplied by the Department of Energy (DoE, ORNL) with the guidance of Ted Lundy and Dave McElroy.

9. References

[1] Hust, J. G. Status of thermal conductivity standard reference materials at the National Bureau of Standards. Proceedings of the 18th International

Thermal Conductivity Conference; Ashworth, T., ed., Plenum Press, New York;

1985. [2] ASTM Subcommittee C16.30. Reference materials for insulation measurement comparisons, Thermal Transmission Measurements of Insulation. ASTM STP 660,

Tye, R. P., ed. American Society for Testing and Materials, 7-29; 1978. [3] Siu, M. C. I.; Hust, J. G. Standard reference material 1450b, thermal resi stance--fibrous glass board. National Bureau of. Standards Certificate,

1982. (Available from OSRM, NBS, Gaithersburg, Maryland).

[4] Hust, J. G. Standard reference materials: glass fiberboard SRM for thermal resistance, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Pub. (to be published).

[5] Powell, F. J.; Rennex, B. G. The NBS line-heat source guarded hot plate for thick materials, to be published in the Proceedings of the ASHRAE/DoE con- ference on the thermal performance of the exterior envelopes of buildings--II. December 6-9, 1982, Las Vegas, Nevada.

[6] Hahn, M. H. ; Robinson, H. E. ; Flynn, D. R. Robinson. Line-heat-source

guarded hot plate apparatus, heat transmission measurements in thermal in- sulations. ASTM STP 544, Tye, R. P., ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, 167-192; 1974. [7] Smith, D. R. ; Hust, J. G. ; Van Poolen, L. J. A guarded-hot-plate apparatus

for measuring effective thermal conductivity of insulations between 80 K and 360 K. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBSIR 81-1657; 1982. 49 p. [8] Smith, D. R.; Hust, J. G. Effective thermal conductivity of glass-fiber

board and blanket standard reference materials. Proceedings of the 17th International Thermal Conductivity Conference; Hust, J. G., ed., Plenum

Press, New York, 408-410; 1980.

15
[9] Smith, D. R. ; Hust, J. G. Effective thermal conductivity of a glass fiber- blanket standard reference material. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBSIR 81-1640;

1981. 26 p. [10] Smith, D. R. ; Hust, J. G. Measurement of thermal conductivity of a glass

fiberblanket standard reference material. Cryogenics, Vol. 21, No. 8, 460- 462; 1981. [11] Hust, J. G.; Pelanne, C. M. Round robins on the apparent thermal conduc- tivitu of low-density fibrous insulations using guarded hot plate and heat flow meter apparatus. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBSIR (to be published).

[12] Rennex, B. G. Apparent thermal conductivity characterization of low-density,

glass-fiber insulation material. J. Thermal Insulations (to be published in January 1985 issue).

[13] Branthover, B. ; Veale, R.; Siu, C. Precision measurements on fibrous glass

insulation. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBSIR 80-2091; 1980. 31 p. [14] Johns-Manville Contract Report E0-A01-78-00-3586.

16
U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBS/SP-260/103

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date September 1985

4. title and subtitle standard Reference Materials:

Glass Fiberblanket SRM for Thermal Resistance

5. AUTHOR(S)

J. G. Hust

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see instructions) 7. Contract/Grant No. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 8. Type of Report & Period Covered

GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 Final

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City. State, ZIP)

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85: 600582

Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

The apparent thermal conductivity data that provide the basis for the certification

of glass fiberblanket as an SRM of thermal resistance are reported and analyzed. De- tailed analysis and intercomparisons of NBS and other published data are given. These

data are represented by an equation describing the dependencies of the data on temperature and density. Certified values of thermal resistance are given for temperatures

from 100 to 330 K and densities from 10 to 16 kg/m3

.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons) apparent thermal conductivity; density; glass fiberblanket; Standard Reference Material temperature; thermal resistance

13. AVAILABILITY

Q£] Unlimited

| | For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

[TO Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C ^20402. Q Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

27

15. Price

USCOMM-DC 6043-P80

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