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20


H-ALPHA SYNOPTIC CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF SOLAR CYCLE 20
October, 1964 - August, 1965

by

Patrick S. McIntosh
NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.

and

Jerome T. Nolte
American Science and Engineering
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Solar activity during the period October 28, 1964 through August 27, 1965 is presented here in
the form of charts for each solar rotation constructed from observations made with the chromospheric
H-alpha spectral line. These H-alpha synoptic charts are identical in format and method of construction
to those published for the period of Skylab observations [McIntosh, 1975]. The sunspot minimum marking
the start of Solar Cycle 20 occurred in October, 1964; therefore, these charts represent solar activ-
ity during the first year of this solar cycle. It is appropriate to publish these data at this time
for comparison with observations to be made during the imminent solar minimum of 1975-1976.

The charts are based on once-daily standard H-alpha observations taken at Sacramento Peak Obser-
vatory of Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories which have been interpreted in terms of large-
scale magnetic field regions according to a technique previously described [McIntosh, 1972a, 1972b].
The data are given on the synoptic time scale of a solar rotation, much like those in the Carte
Synoptique prepared by the Meudon Observatory. Here, however, the features are shown as they appeared
when each longitude zone was 40°W of the sun's Central Meridian.

Each chart is a map of the solar globe built up from the daily observations. The latitude range
is 70°. The Carrington longitudes are indicated at the bottom and the date of central meridian
passage at the top. Each chart includes an overlap of 60° with the preceding and following chart.
The ‘date in the lower right corner, e.g., 5/09/74, is the date of preparation of this final version
of the synoptic chart to distinguish it from preliminary versions

The data shown on the charts are:

(1) distinct neutral lines (solid lines)

(2) estimated neutral lines (dashed lines)

i filaments (cross-hatched areas)

4) major sunspots (large solid dots)

(5) H-alpha plage (stipple, density roughly representing brightness)

The distinct neutral lines, indicating magnetic polarity reversals [McIntosh, 1972a, 1972b],
are mapped from various H-alpha structures: filaments, filament channels, plage corridors, "iron-
filing" patterns of fibrils adjacent to active centers, and arch-filament systems. There are several
criteria for drawing in "estimated" neutral lines. Basically, they connect segments of distinct
neutral lines, but consideration is also given to the gross distribution of inferred polarities in
adjacent regions and, more importantly, on the expected continuity with previous or following solar
rotations when a distinct pattern may have been more recognizable in the same general area.

The signs of the magnetic polarities are inferred from Hale's law: leader sunspots in opposite
solar hemispheres have opposite polarities. Northern leader spots possess negative polarity during
even-numbered solar cycles, while southern leader spots are positive. Active regions from both
Cycle 19 and Cycle 20 are present during this period, distinguished by their appearance at low and
high latitudes, respectively. The polarities of all areas on the sun are inferred by beginning with
a leader sunspot, or the leading portion of a bipolar plage, and alternating polarities with each
successive neutral line. Patterns persisting from previous solar rotations are assumed to maintain
the same polarity. Magnetic polarities are verified by comparison with solar magnetograms made with
photospheric spectral lines whenever magnetogram data are available [Howard et al., 1967]. Correc-
tions to the inferred polarities are usually necessary only in areas of complex patterns outlined by
estimated neutral lines.

The patterns are mapped by accumulating the positions of features on H-alpha filtergrams from
several consecutive days. Seldom does a single photograph show the patterns in their complete form,
owing to the transient nature of the filaments and the variable observing conditions. Structures
and positions marked on the charts are a representation of the location and appearance of the fea-
tures during their entire disk passage. Whenever possible, the H-alpha patterns mapped are the forms
seen when the particular features were near W40° on the visible solar hemisphere. This bias toward
the West enables a more realistic comparison with energetic particle data measured near the earth.

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UAG Series of Reports

Prepared by World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.

These reports are for sale through the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801,
Attn: Publications. Subscription price: $9.00 a year; $2.50 additional for foreign mailing; single
copy price varies. These reports are issued on an irregular basis with 6 to 12 reports being issued
each year. Therefore, in some years the single copy rate will be less than the subscription price,
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order payable to: Department of Commerce, NOAA.

Some issues are now out of print and are available only on microfiche as indicated. Requests for micro-
fiche should be sent to World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, Co 80302,
with check or money order made payable to Department of Commerce, NOAA.

VAG-1 —"IQSY Night Airglow Data", by L. L. Smith, F. E, Roach and J. M. McKennan of Aeronomy
Laboratory, ESSA Research Laboratories, July 1968, 305 pages, price $1.75.

UAG-2 "A Reevaluation of Solar Flares, 1964-1966", by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman of
McMath-Hulbert Observatory, The University of Michigan, August 1968, 28 pages, price
30 cents.

UAG-3 "Observations of Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission in the Range 7.6-41 MHz, 6 July 1966
through 8 September 1968", by James W. Warwick and George A. Dulk, Department of Astro-
Geophysics, University of Colorado, October 1968, 35 pages, microfiche only, price 45 cents.

UAG-4 “Abbreviated Calendar Record 1966-1967", by J. Virginia Lincoln, Hope I. Leighton and
Dorothy K. Kropp of Aeronomy and Space Data Center, Space Disturbances Laboratory, ESSA
Research Laboratories, January 1969, 170 pages, price $1.25.

UAG-5 "Data on Solar Event of May 23, 1967 and its Geophysical Effects", compiled by J. Virginia
Lincoln, World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, ESSA, February 1969, 120 pages,
Price 65 cents.

UAG-6 “International Geophysical Calendars 1957-1969", by A. H. Shapley and J. Virginia Lincoln,
ESSA Research Laboratories, March 1969, 25 pages, price 30 cents.

UAG-7 "Observations of the Solar Electron Corona: February 1964-January 1968", by Richard T. Hansen,
High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, Colorado and Kamuela, Hawaii, October 1969, 12 pages,
price 15 cents.

UAG-8 "Data on Solar-Geophysical Activity October 24-November 6, 1968", Parts 1 and 2, compiled by
J. Virginia Lincoin, World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, ESSA, March 1970, 312
pages, price (includes Parts 1 and 2) $1.75.

UAG-9 "Data on Cosmic Ray Event of November 18, 1968 and Associated Phenomena", compiled by
J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, ESSA, April 1970,
109 pages, price 55 cents.

UAG-10 "Atlas of Ionograms", edited by A. H. Shapley, ESSA Research Laboratories, May 1970, 243
pages, price $1.50.

UAG-11 "Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics", June 1970. (now obsolete).

UAG-12  "Solar-Geophysical Activity Associated with the Major Geomagnetic Storm of March 8, 1970",
Parts 1, 2 and 3, compiled by J. Virginia Lincoln and Dale B. Bucknam, World Data Center A,
Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, NOAA, April 1971, 466 pages, price (includes Parts 1-3) $3.00.

UAG-13 "Data on the Solar Proton Event of November 2, 1969 through the Geomagnetic Storm of November
-10, 1969", compiled by Dale B. Bucknam and J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A, Upper
Atmosphere Geophysics, NOAA, May 1971, 76 pages, price 50 cents.

UAG-14 "An Experimental, Comprehensive Flare Index and Its Derivation for 'Major' Flares, 1955-1969",
compiled by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, The University
of Michigan, July 1971, 25 pages, price 30 cents.

UAG-15 "Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics", July 1971. (now obsolete).



TT,



Whenever a pattern undergoes a conspicuous change from the time of first visibility near the East
limb to the time when at W40°, the former neutral-line position is depicted as a line crossed with
hachures (e.g., Rotation 1496, near N20°, jongitude 200°).

The relative lack of well-defined neutral line structures in the southern hemisphere is due to
the low level of solar activity, with the accompanying very low magnetic field strength. Charts for
other times in Solar Cycle 20, used in studies of solar cosmic rays [Roelof and Krimigis, 1973;
Roelof, 1974; Shea and Smart, 1974], are more complete and more reliable.

The notes for each solar rotation list the dates of the major changes resulting from the birth
of regions, the appearance and disappearance of filaments and the larger motions of inferred neutral
lines. A list of days of no observations at Sacramento Peak is also included.

This set of H-alpha synoptic charts documenting the beginning of Solar Cycle 20 was originally
prepared for use in a thesis [Nolte, 1974] on correlative studies with interplanetary solar wind and
energetic solar particle data.

Acknowledgments

We thank the High Altitude Observatory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (operated
by the National Science Foundation) for the loan of daily H-alpha survey films taken at the Sacramento
Peak Observatory (Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories). Thanks are also extended to Susan
Wayland and Janice Leighton for extensive checking and editing of each chart. One of us, J. T. Nolte,
acknowledges the support of the NOAA Space Environment Laboratory, NOAA Contract 03~3-022-41 and NASA
Contract NGR-30-002-097.

REFERENCES

HOWARD, R. 5 1967 Atlas of Solar Magnetic Pields 1959-1966, Publication

Vv. BUMBA, and 626, Carnegie Institution of Washington.

S. F. SMITH

McINTOSH, P. S. 1972a Solar Magnetic Fields Derived from Hydrogen-Alpha Filter-
grams, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 11, 837-
846.

McINTOSH, P. S. 1972b Inference of Solar Magnetic Polarities from H-Alpha
Observations, in Solar Activity Observations and Pre-
dictions, P. S. McIntosh and M. Dryer, eds., Volume 30
of Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics series,
Martin Summerfield, series editor, The MIT Press, 65-92.

McINTOSH, P. S. 1975 H-alpha Synoptic Charts of Solar Activity for the Period
of Skylab Observations May, 1973 - March, 1974, World
Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Report
UAG-40, February.

NOLTE, J. T. 1974 Interrelationship of Energetic Particles, Plasma and
Magnetic Fields in the Inner Heltosphere, Ph. D. Thesis,
University of New Hampshire.

ROELOF, E. C. 1974 Coronal Structure and the Solar Wind, in Solar Wind Three,
edited by C. T. Russell, Institute of Geophysics and
Planetary Physics, University of California.

ROELOF, E. C. and 1973 Analysis and Synthesis of Coronal and Interplanetary

S. M. KRIMIGIS Energetic Particle, Plasma and Magnetic Field Observations
over Three Solar Rotations, 7, Geophys. Res., 78,
5375-5410.

SHEA, M. A. and 1974 Compilation of Solar Particle and Interplanetary Measure-

D. F. SMART, eds. ments Acquired During the Campaign for Integrated Obser-

vations of Solar Flares (CINOF), AFCRL TR-74-0271,
Special Report 177, page 7.

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WORLD DATA CENTER A
for

Solar-Terrestrial Physics

REPORT. UAG - 41

H-—ALPHA SYNOPTIC CHARTS
OF SOLAR ACTIVITY DURING THE FIRST YEAR |
OF SOLAR CYCLE 20

OCTOBER, 1964 — AUGUST, 1965

MARCH 1975 &

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UAG-33

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UAG-35

UAG-36

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UAG-38

UAG-39

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(10) for 1967", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl
C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Environmental Data Service, May 1974, 142 pages, price 75 cents.

“Absorption Data for the IGY/IGC and IQSY", compiled and edited by A. H. Shapley, National
Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., W. R.

Piggott, Science Research Council, Slough, U.K., and K. Rawer, Arbeitsgruppe fiir Physikalische
Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, G.F.R., June 1974, 381 pages, price $2.00.

"Catalogue of Digital Geomagnetic Variation Data at World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial
Physics", prepared by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, July 1974, 20 pages,
price 20 cents.

“An Atlas of Extreme Ultraviolet Flashes of Solar Flares Observed Via Sudden Frequency Devia-
tions During the ATM-SKYLAB Missions", by R. F. Donnelly and E. L. Berger, NOAA Space Environ-
ment Laboratory, Lt. J. D. Busman, NOAA Commissioned Corps, B. Henson, NASA Marshall Space
Flight Center, T. B. Jones, University of Leicester, UK, G. M. Lerfald, NOAA Wave Propagation
Laboratory, K. Najita, University of Hawaii, W. M. Retallack, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory,
and W. J. Wagner, Sacramento Peak Observatory, October 1974, 95 pages, price 55 cents.

“Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(10) for 1966", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environ-
mental Data Service, December 1974, 142 pages, price 75 cents.

"Master Station List for Solar-Terrestrial Physics Data at WDC-A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics",
by R. W. Buhmann, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Juan D. Roederer, Univer-
sity of Denver, Denver, Colorado, M. A. Shea and D. F. Smart, A.F.C.R.L., Hanscom AFB, Massa-
chusetts, December 1974, 110 pages, price $1.60.

“Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(11) for 1971", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C.

Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environ-
mental Data Service, February 1975, 142 pages.

USCOMM-NOAA-ASHEVILLE-3-15-75-950



UAG-16

UAG-17

UAG-18

UAG-19

UAG-20
UAG-21

UAG-22

UAG-23

UAG-24

UAG-25

UAG-26

UAG-27

UAG-28

UAG-29

UAG-30

UAG-31

UAG-32

“Temporal Development of the Geographical Distribution of Auroral Absorption for 30 Substorm
Events in each of IQSY (1964-65) and IASY (1969)", by F. T. Berkey, V. M. Driatskiy, K.

Henriksen, D. H. Jelly, T. I. Shchuka, A. Theander and J. Yliniemi, September 1971, 131 pages,
price 70 cents.

"Ionospheric Drift Velocity Measurements at Jicamarca, Peru (July 1967-March 1970)", by

Ben B. Balsley, Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder,
Colorado, and Ronald F. Woodman, Jicamarca Radar Observatory, Instituto Geofisico del Perd,
Lima, Peru, October 1971, 45 pages, microfiche only, price 45 cents.

"A Study of Polar Cap and Auroral Zone Magnetic Variations", by K. Kawasaki and S. -I. Akasofu,
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, June 1972, 21 pages, price 20 cents.

"Reevaluation of Solar Flares 1967", by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert
Observatory, The University of Michigan, and Marta Rovira de Miceli, San Miguel Observatory,
Argentina, June 1972, 15 pages, price 15 cents.

"Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics", October 1972. (now obsolete).

"Preliminary Compilation of Data for Retrospective World Interval July 26 - August 14, 1972",
compiled by J. Virginia Lincoln and Hope I. Leighton, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial
Physics, November 1972, 128 pages, price 70 cents.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity indices (AE) for 1970", by Joe Haskell Allen, National
Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environmental Data Service, November 1972,
146 pages, price 75 cents.

"U.R.S.I. Handbook of Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction", Second Edition, November 1972,
edited by W. R. Piggott, Radio and Space Research Station, Slough, U.K., and K. Rawer,

prpel tegruppe fiir Physikalische Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, G.F.R., November 1972, 324 pages,
price $1.75,

"Data on Solar-Geophysical Activity Associated with the Major Ground Leyel Cosmic Ray Events
of 24 January and 1 September 1971", Parts 1 and 2, compiled by Helen E. Coffey and J. Virginia
Lincoln, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, December 1972, 462 pages, price
(includes Parts 1 and 2) $2.00.

“Observations of Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission in the Range 7.6-41 MHz, 9 September 1968
through 9 December 1971", by James W. Warwick, George A. Dulk and David G. Swann, Department
of Astro-Geophysics, University of Colorado, February 1973, 35 pages, price 35 cents.

"Data Compilation for the Magnetospherically Quiet Periods February 19-23 and November 29 -
December 3, 1970", compiled by Helen E. Coffey and J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A
for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, May 1973, 129 pages, price 70 cents.

"High Speed Streams in the Solar Wind", by D. S. Intriligator, University of Southern
California, Department of Physics, Los Angeles, California, 90007, June 1973, 16 pages,
price 15 cents.

"Collected Data Reports on August 1972 Solar-Terrestrial Events", Parts 1, 2 and 3, edited
by Helen E. Coffey, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, July 1973, 932 pages,
price (includes Parts 1-3) $4.50.

“Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (11) for 1968", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl
C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Environmental Data Service, October 1973, 148 pages, price 75 cents.

"Catalog of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics", prepared by Environmental Data Service,
NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, October 1973, 317 pages, price $1.75.

"Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (11) for 1969", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl
C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Environmental Data Service, February 1974, 142 pages, price 75 cents.

"Synoptic Radio Maps of the Sun at 3.3 mm for the Years 1967-1969", by Earle B. Mayfield and
Kennon P, White III, San Fernando Observatory, Space Physics Laboratory and Fred 1. Shimabukuro,
Electronics Research Laboratory, Laboratory Operations, The Aerospace Corporation, E1 Segundo,
California, 90245, April 1974, 26 pages, price 35 cents.



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WORLD DATA CENTER A
for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics

REPORT UAG - 41

H-ALPHA SYNOPTIC CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY
DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF SOLAR CYCLE 20

OCTOBER, 1964 — AUGUST, 1965

by

Patrick S. McIntosh

NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories
Boulder, Colorado, USA

and

Jerome T. Nolte

American Science and Engineering
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

MARCH 1975 WW
E

Prepared by World Data Center A for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado
and published by

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SS
NATIONAL OCEANIC! AND ATHOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Hii\S
}

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE
Asheville, North Carolina, USA 28801

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $25.20 a year; $12.00 additional for foreign mailing; single copy price
varies.* Checks and money orders should be made payable to the Department of Commerce, NOAA.
Remittance and correspondence regarding subscriptions should be sent to the National Climatic
Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801, Attn: Publications.

“PRICE THIS ISSUE .48 CENTS



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WORLD DATA CENTER A

National Academy of Sciences

2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. U.S.A., 20418

World Data Center A consists of the Coordination Office
and seven subcenters:

World Data Center A
Coordination Office

National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20418
Telephone (202) 389-6478

Glaciology: Rockets and Satellites:
World Data Center A: World Data Center A:
Glaciology Rockets and Satellites

U.S. Geological Survey

1305 Tacoma Avenue South

Tacoma, Washington, U.S.A. 98402
Telephone (208) 593-6506

Longitude and Latitude
World Data Center A:
Longitude and Latitude
U.S. Naval Observatory
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20390
Telephone (202) 254-4023

Meteorology (and Nuclear Radiation):
World Data Center A
Meteorology
National Climatic Center
Federal Building
Asheville, North Carolina, U.S.A. 28801
Telephone (704) 258-2850

Oceanography:
World Data Center A:
Oceanography
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20235
Telephone (202) 634-7249

Notes:

Goddard Space Flight Center

Code 601

Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A. 20771
Telephone (301) 982-6695

Seismology, Tsunamis, Gravimetry, Earth
Tides, Recent Movements of the Earth's
Crust, Magnetic Measurements, Paleo-
magnetism and Archeomagnetism, Volcanology,
Geothermics:

World Data Center A:

Solid-Earth Geophysics

Environmental Data Service, NOAA

Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80302

Telephone (303) 499-1000 Ext. 6311

Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Solar and Inter-
planetary Phenomena, Ionospheric Phenomena,
Geomagnetic Variations, Magnetospheric and
Interplanetary Magnetic Phenomena, Flare-
Associated Events, Aurora, Cosmic Rays,
Airglow):

World Data Center A

for Solar-Terrestrial Physics

Environmental Data Service, NOAA

Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80302

Telephone (303) 499-1000 Ext. 6467

(1) World Data Centers conduct international exchange of geophysical observations in accordance
with the principles set forth by the International Council of Scientific Unions. WDC-A is
established in the United States under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences.

(2) Communications regarding data interchange matters in general and World Data Center A as a
whole should be addressed to: World Data Center A, Coordination Office (see address above).

(3) Inquiries and communications concerning data in specific disciplines should be addressed to

the appropriate subcenter listed above.



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