* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, e xcept under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and col lateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judg ments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and condi tions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

## F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit 

### SEP 20 2001 

### PATRICK FISHER Clerk UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v. JOSE ALBERTO ALEMAN-LUBO,

Defendant-Appellant. No. 00-2433 (D.C. No. CR-00-150-JC) (D. N.M.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before ANDERSON and BALDOCK , Circuit Judges, and BRORBY , Senior Circuit Judge.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, th is panel has determined unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a dec ision on the briefs without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.-2-

Defendant Jose Alberto Aleman-Lubo pleaded guilty i n May 2000 to one count of possessing with intent to distribute more than 100 kilograms of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(B), and 18 U.S.C. § 2. Pursuant to the plea agreement, def endant waived his right to appeal the sentence imposed except to challenge an upward departure from the applicable sentencing guideline range. See R. Vol. I, tab 21 at 5. In accordance with the plea agreement, the government recommendedthat defendant receive a three-level reduction from his base offense level for acceptance of responsibility pursuant to § 3E1.1 of the United States Sentencing Guidelines (USSG) and a three-level reduction for being a minor participant in the crime pursuant to USSG § 3B1.2. Id . at 3-4. The plea agreement further provided that , if defendant met the criteria for the “safety valve” provision o f 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f), he would be granted an additional two-level base offense lev el reduction under USSG § 2D1.1(b)(6) and relief from the minimum mandatory sentence. Id . at 4. Based on a pre-sentence investigation, however, it was determined that defendant did not meet the criteria under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f) because he had two convictions for driving while intoxicated and one c onviction for driving with a suspended license and, thus, had a criminal historyof II. The sentencing court found defendant had a total offense level, after al l reductions, of twenty and a criminal history category of II. Because defendantdid not qualify for relief under-3-

§ 3553(f) from the minimum mandatory sentence, and because the range based on the guidelines was below the statutorily required m inimum sentence of sixty months, the court sentenced defendant to the statut ory minimum sentence of sixty months’ imprisonment pursuant to USSG § 5G.1.1, andfour years’ supervised release. Defendant appealed, alleging that the district court should have conducted a hearing on his criminal history and that he shoul d not have a criminal history point for driving with a suspended license. Defend ant also claims he was denied equal protection because he did not qualify under apolicy of the U.S. Attorney to seek less prison time for certain first-time drug c ouriers. Defendant also claims his trial attorney was ineffective for failing to d iscover and inform him of the consequences of his three misdemeanor offenses prio r to the time he signed the plea agreement, and for failing to argue at sentenc ing that his criminal history was overstated and that he was denied equal protection under the law. On appeal, defendant’s attorney has filed an Anders v. California , 386 U.S. 738 (1967), brief presenting these issues, and has filed a motion to withdraw. As required, a copy of counsel’s Anders brief and motion to withdraw were provided to defendant, see id . at 744, and he filed a pro se brief. Pursuant to our duty under Anders , we have conducted an independent review of defend ant’s sentence, see id ., and we agree that the appeal is frivolous.-4-

We decline to address defendant’s arguments that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. These allegations require d evelopment of a factual record by the district court, and, consequently, are prope rly brought in a collateral proceeding and not in this direct appeal. United States v. Galloway , 56 F.3d 1239, 1240 (10th Cir. 1995) (en banc). We dismiss defendant’s allegations against his trial attorney without prejudice. As to defendant’s remaining claims, the United Stat es correctly argues that defendant waived his statutory right to appeal by knowingly and voluntarily waiving that right in his plea agreement. See United States v. Atterberry , 144 F.3d 1299, 1300 (10th Cir. 1998) (agreement to waive right to appeal is enforceable). [A]greements waiving the right to appeal are subjec t to certain exceptions, including where the agreement was invol untary or unknowing, where the court relied on an impermissib le factor such as race, or where the agreement is otherwise unlawf ul. In addition, a waiver may not be used to preclude appellate revi ew of a sentence that exceeds the statutory maximum or to deny revie w of a claim that the agreement was entered into with ineffective ass istance of counsel. United States v. Cockerham , 237 F.3d 1179, 1182 (10th Cir.), petition for cert. filed (U.S. July 23, 2001) (No. 01-5462) (quotations andcitations deleted). Our review of the record reveals that defendant ent ered into the plea agreement waiving his appellate rights knowingly and voluntar ily. The defendant does not claim that he did not know the terms of his plea ag reement or that his plea was-5-

unknowing or involuntary. The district court did n ot depart upward from the applicable sentencing guideline range nor exceed th e statutory maximum sentence. Finally, as noted above, defendant’s ine ffective assistance of counsel claims are not properly before this court and have been dismissed, so that exception does not here apply. Therefore, we GRANT counsel’s request to withdraw and DISMISS the appeal.

Entered for the Court

Bobby R. Baldock Circuit Judge