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Partial Grotrian Diagrams

Of Astrophysical Interest

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE • C. R. Smith, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS • A. V. Astin, Director

Partial Grotrian Diagrams of

Astrophysical Interest

Charlotte E. Moore

Institute for Basic Standards

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

and

Paul W. Merrill

Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories

A Reprint of Appendix A from

“Lines of the Chemical Elements in Astronomical Spectra”

by Paul W. Merrill

Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 610, 1956

SRDS

NSRDS-NBS 23

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For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 55 cents
NATIONAL BURLAU ui- m 9 r o i

. u

! /r

no /

c,

Abstract

This publication is a reprint of Appendix A of the book by Paul W.

Merrill entitled, “Lines of the Chemical Elements in Astronomical Spectra”

(Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 610, 1956). It contains partial Grotrian Diagrams of selected spectra of astrophysical interest, which give wavelengths,

multiplet numbers and key letters for the transitions shown. The diagrams

are accompanied by tabular keys in which the key letters indicate related

lines in spectra similar in structure to those illustrated in the diagrams.

There are 39 diagrams of spectra between hydrogen and nickel and tabular

keys for 90 spectra between lithium and rhenium.

Key Words: Atomic spectra, partial Grotrian diagrams; Grotrian diagrams.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 68-60070

SIANUHKua

1970

C

c

II
Foreword

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Science and Technology.

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IV
Preface

When the late Paul W. Merrill was planning his publication on “Lines

of the Chemical Elements in Astronomical Spectra,” he requested the present author (CEM) to prepare a set of selected Partial Grotrian Diagrams

for inclusion as Appendix A.

In response to similar, more recent requests for Grotrian Diagrams,

and in order to make them more generally available, Appendix A is being

reprinted here by permission of the Director of Publications, Carnegie

Institution of Washington. To facilitate the use of the material, a descriptive column is included in the index. The spectra for which partial diagrams

have been made are indicated by “D”. The related spectra whose leading

lines are included in the tabular keys to the diagrams, are noted by “K”.

In the original publication, Appendix A comprises pages 103 to 165.

In the present publication the corresponding pages run from 3 to 65.

Charlotte E. Moore

Washington, D. C.

February 21, 1968.

v
.
Index to Diagrams z Sp Descr.* Page Z Sp Descr.* Page 1 H I D 4 11 Na I K 9 K 11 2 He I D 6 Na iv K 33

He II

D 5

12 Mg i D 16 3 Li i D 8 K 17 K 9 K 19

Mg iiD 10 4 Be I K 15 K 11

Be II

D 8 Mg

V

K 33

K 9

13 A1 I K 23 5 B I K 21 A1 II K 17

A1 III

K 11 6 C I K 25 C II D 20 14 Si I D 26 K 21 K 27 C III D 14 Si II D 22 K 15 K 23 C IV D 8 Si ill K 17 K 9 Si iv K 11 7 N I K 29 15 P I K 31 N II D 24 P II K 27 K 25 N in K 21 16 S i D 34 N iv K 15 K 35 N v K 9 S ii D 30 K 31 8 0 i D 32 S ill K 27 K 33 0 ii D 28 17 Cl ii K 35 K 29 Cl III K 31 0 ill D 24 Cl IV K 27 K 25 0 iv K 21 18 A i D 39 0 v K 15 A II D 36 0 vi K 9 K 37 A hi K 35

10 Ne I D 38

A ivK 31

Ne II

K 37

A

v

K 27

Ne ill

K 33

Ne iv

K 29

Ne

v Yt 25 * D—Diagram K—Tabular Key 1
Index to Diagrams—continued

z Sp Descr.* Page Z Sp Descr.* Page

19 K I K 9 31 Ga i K 23

K 13

K iv K 35 37 Rb I K 9

K v K 31

38 Sr i K 19

20 Ca i D 18 Sr II K 13

K 19

Ca II D 12 39 Y I K 43

K 13 Y ii K 41

Ca v K 35

40 Zr i K 47

21 Sc I D 42 Zr ii K 45

K 43

41 Nb I K 51

Sc ii D 40 Nb ill K 49 K 41

42 Mo I K 55

22 Ti i D 46 Mo II K 53 K 47

Ti ii D 44 43 Tc l K 59

K 45 Tc II K 57

23 V I D 50 49 In i K 23

K 51

V ii D 48 55 Cs i K 9

K 49

56 Ba I K 19

24 Cr i D 54 Ba II K 13

K 55

Cr II D 52 57 La I K 43

K 53 La II K 41

25 Mn I D 58 72 Hf II K 45

K 59

Mn II D 56 74 W I K 55

K 57

75 Re i K 59

26 Fe I D 62 Re ii K 57

Fe II D 61

Fe in D 60

27 Co I D 63

28 Ni i D 65

Ni I D 64

2
APPENDIX A

PARTIAL GROTRLAN DIAGRAMS OF ASTROPHYSICAL INTEREST

Charlotte E. Moore * and Paul W. Merrill

Introduction

Grotrian diagrams. Many years ago W. Grotrian

devised a graphical representation of the relations of

characteristic spectrum lines to the quantum energy

levels of various atoms and ions, and gave many examples for atoms and ions with one, two, and three valence

electrons. These “Grotrian diagrams’’ (ZZ17, 18, 20)

have been of great value to astronomers as well as to physicists. A few excellent diagrams of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen ions were prepared by B. Edlen in connection with his important laboratory work in the far

ultraviolet (ZZ51). Some simplified diagrams of lowexcitation lines will be found in a useful recent French

monograph on flame spectra (ZZ1).

A new collection of partial diagrams of many of the lighter elements has been prepared especially for

this monograph. The purpose of the Grotrian diagrams

in this appendix is to exhibit, for various elements, the

atomic transitions responsible for the chief lines observed in astronomical spectra. We must emphasize

the astronomical bias of the diagrams and the fact

that they do not, by any means, include all transitions

which the atoms actually perform. It is not feasible to indicate all the multiplets, to say nothing of all the

lines; it has even been necessary to omit many of the

known spectroscopic terms. Hence, as representations of actual atomic structure and behavior, the diagrams of many elements are oversimplified and woe-

* National Bureau of Standards.

ZZ1 L ’Analyse spectrale quantitative par la flamme.

R. Mavrodineanu and H. Boiteux. Masson et Cie, Paris, 1954.

ZZ17 Graphische Darstellung der Spektren von Atomen

und Ionen mit ein, zwei und drei Valenzelektronen. Volume n. W. Grotrian. Julius Springer,

Berlin, 1928. Handbuch der Astrophysik.

Julius Springer, Berlin.

fully incomplete. We nave tried, however, to retain

enough of the important features to display the main

quantum organization, especially of the lower terms.

Multiplets are represented by straight lines: the

line is solid for transitions between terms of the same

multiplicity, dashed for transitions between terms of different multiplicity (intersystem multiplets), and dotdashed for transitions whose upper terms are metastable (forbidden transitions between terms of the same

parity)

The wave lengths in angstroms of one or more of the strongest lines in each multiplet are given; the ac- companying figure in parentheses indicates the multiplet number either (1) in the Revised Multiplet Table

( A Multiplet Table of Astrophysical Interest, Revised

Edition, Contributions from the Princeton University

Observatory No. 20, 1945) or (2) if accompanied by

the letters UV, in An Ultraviolet Multiplet Table (Circular of the National Bureau of Standards 488, 1950).

Tabular keys to Grotrian diagrams. To list important corresponding lines in spectra of various elements, and thus to make a diagram serve for more than one element, we include a number of tables showing in parallel columns analogous lines of two or more related spectra. These tables are of two kinds: they may

list (1) isoelectronic sequences such as Nal, Mg II, AJIII

Si IV, or (2) corresponding spectra in successive periods

of the Periodic Table such as Li I, Nal, KI, Rbl, Csl.

Wave lengths greater than 2000A are I A values in air;

those less than 2000A are values in vacuum.

ZZ18 W. Grotrian. GesetzmSssigkeiten in den

Serienspektren. Volume 3, part 2, page 475,

1930.

ZZ20 W. Grotrian. Gesetzm&ssigkeiten in den

Serienspektren. Volume 7, page 250, 1936.

ZZ51 Wellenl&ngen und Termsysteme zu den Atomspektren der Elemente Lithium, Beryllium,

Bor, Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff und Sauerstoff.

Bengt Edlen. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis

Scientiarum Upsaliensis, series IV, volume 9, no. 6, 1934.

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10
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Multiplet

designation

Nal Mg II Aim Si IV

X Mult.

no. X

Mult.

no. X Mult.no. X Mult.

no.

A 3s

2 S - 3p 2 P° 5890.0 (1) 2795.5 (UV 1) 1854.7 (UV 1) 1393.7 (UV 1) 5895.9 2802.7 1862.8 1402.7

B 3p 2 P° - 4s 2 S 11403.6 (3) 2936.5 (UV 2) 1384.1 818.1 (UV 4)

11381.2 2928.6 1379.7 815.1

C 3p 2 P° - 5s 2 S 6160.7 (5) 1753.6 856.8 (516. 3P)

6154.2 1750.9 855.0 (517. 8P)

D 3p

2 P° - 3d 2 D 8194.8 (4) 2798.0 (UV 3) 1611.8 1128.3 (UV 3)

8183.3 2790.8 1605.8 1122.5

8194.8

E 3p 2 P° - 4d 2 D 5688.2 (6) 1737.8 893.9 561.1

5682.6 1735.0 892.1

5688.2

F 4s 2 S - 5p 2 P° 10745.9 (18) 3613.8 (2) (1911. 8P) 1210.5

10748.7 3615.6 (1913. 2P)

G 3d 2 D - 5p 2 P° (17031. 3P) 3848.2 (5) (1599. 6P) (860. 5P)

(17038. 7P) 3850.4 (1600. 7P)

H 3d 2 D - 4f 2 F° 18459. 7P 4481.1 (4) 1935.8 1066.6

4481.3

I 3d 2 D - 5f 2 F° 12679.0 (21) 3104.7 (6) 1352.9 749.7

3104.8

K 4p 2 P° - 4d 2 D 23378. 4P 7896.4 (8) 4529.2 (3) 3165.7

23347. 5P 7877.1 4512.5 3149.6

4528.9

L 4p

2 P° - 5d 2 D (14779. 5P) 4390.6 (10) 2213.6 1365.0

(14767. IP) 4384.6 2209.7 1369.1

M 4s 2 S - 4p 2 P° 22056 P (9217. 3P) (1) 5696.5 (2) 4088.9 (1) 22084 P (9243. 4P) 5722.6 4116.1

11
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40000

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20000

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12
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Multiplet

designation

KI Can

Mult.

A

no.

. Mult.

A

no.

A .... 4s 2S - 4p 2 P° 7664.9 (1)

7699.0

3933.7 (1)

3968.5

B .... 4s 2S - 3d 2D 4642. 4P

4641. 9P

7291. 5P (IF)

7323. 9P

C .... 3d 2D - 4p 2 P° -11772.7 (6)

-11689.8

-11769.4

8542.1 (2)

8662.1

8498.0

D .... 4s 2S - 5p 2 P° 4044.1 (3)

4047.2

1650.0 (UV 1)

1652.0

Key

letter

Can SrH Ban

Mult, desig.

Mult. no. X

Mult, desig.

Mult. no. X

Mult, desig.

Mult. no. X

A .... 4s 2S - 4p 2 P° 3933.7 5s 2 S - 5p

2 P° 4077.7 6s 2S - 6p 2 p° 4554.0

(1) 3968.5 (1) 4215.5 (1) 4934.1

B .... 4s 2S - 3d 2 D 7291. 5P 5s 2S - 4d 2 D (6738. 4P) 6s 2s - 5d 2d (17616. 8P)

(IF) 7323. 9P (IF) (6868.2P) (20511. 9P)

C .... 3d 2 D - 4p 2 P° 8542.1 4d 2 D - 5p 2 P° 10327.3 5d 2D - 6p 2 P° 6141.7

(2) 8662.1 (2) 10914.9 (2) 6496.9

8498.0 10036.7 5853.7

D .... 4s 2S - 5p 2 P° 1650.0 5s 2S - 6p 2 P° 1784.0 6s 2S - 7p 2 P° 1999.4

(UV1) 1652.0 (UV 1) 1793.1 2024.0

13
360000 — — 44.44

320000

280000

240000

200000

160000

120000

80000

40000

3 P° 'P°

eV

— 39.50

— 34.57

— 29.63

24.69

— 19.75

— 14.81

9.88

4.94

I _ 0.00

14
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Multiplet

designation

Bel cm NIV ov

X Mult.

no. X Mult.

no. X Mult.no. X

Mult.

no.

A 2 S2l3 - 2p X P

0 2348.6 (UV 1) 977.0 (UV 1) 765.1 (UV 1) 629.7 (UV 1) B 2s21S - 3p X P

0 386.2 (UV 2) 247.2 (UV 2) 172.2 (UV 2)

C 2p 3 P° - 3s 3S 3321.3 (1) 538.3 (UV 5) 322.7 (UV 4) 215.2 (UV 4)

3321.1 538.2 322.6 215.1

3321.0 538.1 322.5 215.0

D 2p

1 P° - 2p

21 D 7209.3 2296.9 (UV 8) 1718.5 (UV 7) 1371.3 (UV 7)

E 2p

1 P° - 2p

21

S 3455.2 1247.4 955.3 (UV 8) 774.5 (UV 8)

F 2p 1 P° - 3s 8254.1 (2) 690.5 (UV 10) 387.4 (UV 9) 248.5 (UV 9) G 2p

1 P° - 3d *D 4572.7 (3) 574.3 (UV 11) 335.0 (UV 10) 220.4 (UV 10)

H ...... 3s 3S - 3p 3 P° 14904.3 4647.4 (1) 3478.7 (1) 2781.0

4650.2 3483.0 2787.0

4651.4 3484.9 2789.9

I 3p 1 P° - 3d *D 5696.0 (2) 4057.8 (3) 3144.7 (2)

15
60000

16
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

17
45000 — 1111'1

Sf 11—

5.56

18

CALCIUM
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

CX A

19
— 19.75

eV — 17.28

— 14.81

— 12.35

— 9.88

— 7.41

— 4.94

— 2.47

0.00

20
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Multi pi et designation

BI cn n m O IV

Mult.

X

no. X Mult.

no. X

Mult.

no. X Mult.

no.

A 2p

2 P° - 3s 2S 2497.7 (UV 1) 858.6 (UV 4) 452.2 (UV 4) 279.9 (UV 4)

2496.8 858.1 451.9 279.6

B 2p

2 P° - 2p22D 2089.6 (UV 2) 1335.7 (UV 1) 991.6 (UV 1) 790.2 (UV 1) 2088.8 1334.5 989.8 787.7

991.5 790.1

C 3s 2 S - 3p 2 P° 6578.0 (2) 4097.3 (1) 3063.5 (1) 6582.8 4103.4 3071.7

D 3p

2 P° - 3d 2D

. 7236.2 (3) 4640.6 (2) 3411.8 (2) 7231.1 4634.2 3403.6

4641.9 3413.7

21
100000 — —12.34

cm

80000 —

60000

40000

20000

S i IE

SILICON Z = 14

0 — V

eV

9.88

7.41

4.94

— 2.47

— 0.00

22
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Multiplet

designation

All SiH

Mult.

* no.

Mult.

A

no. A ..... 3p

2 P° - 4s 2 S 3961.5 (1) 1533.4 (UV 2)

3944.0 1526.7

B .... 3p 2 P° - 3d 2 D 3092.7 (3) 1265.0 (UV 4)

3082.2 1260.7

3092.8

C .... 3p22D - 4p 2 P° 3856.0 (1)

3862.6

3853.7

D .... 4s 2 S - 4p 2 P° 13123. 2P (4) 6347.1 (2)

13150. 6P 6371.4

E .... 3d 2 D - 4f 2 F° 11255. 7P (8) 4130.9 (3)

11254. OP 4128.1

Key

letter

All Gal Ini

Mult, desig. Mult, desig. Mult, desig.

Mult. no. Mult. no. Mult. no.

A .... 3p

2 P° - 4s 2 S 3961.5 4p 2 P° - 5s 2 S 4172.0 5p 2 P° - 6s 2 S 4511.3

(.} 3944.0 (1) 4033.0 (1) 4101.8

B .... 3p 2 P° - 3d 2D 3092.7 4p 2 P° - 4d 2D 2943.6 5p 2 P° - 5d 2 D 3256.1

(3) 3082.2 (UV 1) 2874.2 3039.4

3092.8 2944.2 3258.6

C 5p^D - 6p ^P -(13266. IP)

-(12669. 7P)

D .... 4s

2 S - 4p 2 P° 13123. 2P jS 2 S - 5p 2 P° 11949.2 6s 2 S - 6p 2 P° 12912.6

13150. 6P 12109.9 (13430.4P)

E .... 3d 2 D - 4f 2 F° 11255. 7P 4d 2 D - 5f 2 F° 8813.7 5d 2 D - 6f 2 F° 9370.4

11254. OP 8808.9 9350.0

23
o

in >

r^- m

oo

cr> d

rO rO

rO

cn

C\J

cr> «D

co

oo

o

o O o o o o o o o o 1 O o o o o o o o

o E o o o o o o o o

o o o o o o o o o o

CO CO o CO <D vr CO

24
APPENDIX A PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

25
60000 — — 7.4 I

3 P°

3 D°

3f° p°

'D 'd° 'f 'f°

50000 —

40000 —

30000

20000 —

10000 —

0 —

eV

6. 1 7

4.94

3.70

2.47

1.23

0.00

26
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Multiplet

designation

Si I PII Sill Cl IV A V

X Mult.

no. X Mult.

no. X Mult.

no. X Mult.no. X Mult.

no.

A .... 3p

23 P - 3p21 D (16455. OP) (11884. IP) (IF) (9532. IP) (IF) 8045.6 (IF) 7005.7 (IF)

(16068. 4P) (11470. OP) (9069. 6P) 7530.5 6435.1

B .... 3p23 P - 3p21 S (6589. 7P) (IF) (4736. 6P) (2F) (3796. 8P) (2F) (3203. 6P) (2F) (2785. 2P)

6527.1 (4669. 5P) 3721.8 (3118.7P) (2691. IP)

C .... 3p21 D - 3p21 S (10991. 5P) (2F) (7875. 7P) (3F) 6312.1 (3F) 5323.3 (3F) 4625.5 (2F)

D .... 3p21D - 4s 3 P° 2970.4 (1) 1278.1 736 !2 (UV 11) (493. 3P)

2987.6 1284.4 738.5 (496. OP)

E .... 3p

21 D - 4s X P° 2881.6 (UV 43) 1249.8 729.5 (UV 12) 486.2 350.9 (UV 8)

F .... 3p

21

S - 4s 3 P° 4102.9 (2) 1534.5? 836.3 (UV 13) (546. 9P)

G .... 3p

21 3 - 4s 1 P° 3905.5 (3) 1485.5 824.9 (UV 14) 535.0

H .... 4s 3 P° - 4p 3D 12031.5 (4) 6043.1 (5) 4253.6 (4) 3076.7

11984.2 6024.2 4285.0 3063.1

11991.6 6034.0 4332.7 3071.4

I 4s 3 P° - 4p 3 P 10827.1 (5) 5425.9 (6) 3838.3 (5) 2782.5

10749.4 5386.9 3837.8 2751.2

10979.3 5499.7 (3899. IP) 2835.4

10786.9 5409.7 3860.6 2770.6

10603.4 5316.1 3778.9 2701.4

10661.0 5344.7 3831.8 2724.0

27
28
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

29
160000 —

s p 19.75

150000

140000

I 30000

120000

I I 0000

t

120000

80000

40000

0

eV

— 18.52

— 17.28

— 16.05

— 14.81

— I 3.58

1

eV

— 9.38

— 4.94

— 0.00

30
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Multiplet

designation

PI SII cim A IV KV

Mult.

X

no.

Mult.

X

no.

Mult.

X

no.

Mult. X

no.

Mult.

X

no.

A.... 3p

34

S° - 3p32P° (5332.4P) (2F)

(5339. 7P)

4068.6 (IF)

4076.4

(3342. 7P) (2F)

(3353.4P)

(2853. 6P)

(2868. 2P)

(2495. 3P)

(2515. 3P)

B.... 3p34s° - 3p32D° (87.87.6P) (IF)

(8799. IP)

6716.4 (2F)

6730.8

5517.7 (IF)

5537.6

4711.3 (IF)

4740.2

4122.63 (IF)

4163.30

C.... 3p32D° - 3p32p° (13561. 8P) ..... (13581. 9P)

(13534. 7P)

(10320.4P) (3F)

(10336.4P)

(10286. 7P)

(8480.9P) (3F)

(8501. 8P)

(8433. 7P)

7237.3 (2F)

7262.8

7170.6

(6321. 8P) (2F)

(6354. 7P)

(6228. 4P)

31
32
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

33
CD — o fO

CO > -a- — <J> r- CO

4>

<T> QD (O ro c\j —

34
APPENDIX : PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

3 2

CM 05

05 CO O 00 CO o LO CO

PhCO

CNJ

PmCM

P<CM

CO

0505

CO

3 2

S

c

Ph 00 CO H CO O 05

T~i C-- co CO

Ph

£>* CM

(Jh CM

05O

LO

3 2

S

c

00 T-H LO tH

CO CO

T*H £>

Ph

CM

05O

PmCO

05

r-H LO

^

s 2c

Pm

Ph Ph 05 c- 05 LO O CM LO t-H 00 05

*73 o Em Ph Pm 2 c H CM co

"—

' "

^-v

< Ph Oh Ph

co 1 £> CO rH LO O CO

CM O

05

00

co

CM 00 CO LO t> O —I C—

T-H t-H ^—

"" "" D co CO C r-H y—\ rH o 0) -rH D. a, a.

£a, a CO CO co 5 &

1

1 i 2 m Ph Ph o

S QJ CO co T-H ~o a a Q, co co co

M. >> <1> a> ij

• •

r-H < CQ 6

35
190000

—

cm

180000

—

170000

160000

—

150000

—

140000

—

130000

—

180000

— I I

-I cm

120000

—

60000

—

<xUJ

co5nz

UJ><$ 0 — 4s°

23.46

eV

22.22

— 20.99 — 19.75

18.52

17.28

16.05 f

22.22 i

eV

14.8 1

7.4 I

0.00

36
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Nell AU

Mult, desig.

Mult. no. X

Mult, desig.

Mult. no. X

A .... 2p52 P° - 2p62S 460.7 3p52 P° - 3p62S 919.8

(UV 1) 462.4 (UV 1) 932.0

B .... 2p52 P° - 3s 4P 456.3 3p52 P° _ 4s 4 P 744.9

(UV 2) 456.9 (UV 3) 748.2

455.3 740.3

454.6 745.3

737.4

C .... 2p52 P° - 3s 2 P 446.3 3p52 p

° . 4S 2p 723.4

(UV 3) 446.6 (UV 4) 725.5

445.0 718.1

447.8 730.9

D .... 3s 4 P - 3p 4 P° 3694.2 4s 4 P - 4p 4 P° 4806.1

(1) 3734.9 (6) 4933.2

3751.3 4972.2

3664.1 4735.9

3709.6 4847.9

3766.3 5009.4

3777.2 5062.1

E .... 3s 4P - 3p 4D° 3334.9 4s 4 P - 4p 4D° 4348.1

(2) 3355.0 (7) 4426.0

3360.6 4430.2

3297.7 4266.5

3327.2 4331.2

3344.4 4379.7

F .... 3s 4 P - 3p 2D° 3135.8 4s 4 P - 4p 2D° 4082.4

(3) (3136. 5P) (8) 4112.8

(3086. 3P) 3974.8

3187.6 4228.2

37
38

20000

—

\

/

NEON
120000

39
40000

00 o CD h- ID ro CO O

(T> > rO r- O CD oo l£ O a> ro ro 00 — — O O

O

o O O O O o o

o O o O O o o

o O o O O o o

in O in O in o in

ro ro CO CO — —

40

SCANDIUM
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

41
35000- II|IIIIII||

—4.32

42
APPENDIX A PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

43
'J- cn CJ > fO

ai • O

rro" o

ro

rcm"

in ro

oo CM

CMq

o’

o

o

6

o o O O O o O o

o 1 o O O O o o o

o E o o O O o o o

o a If) o m o in o in

ro ro CM CM

44
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

45
5D°

i G

I o H

i — 4.44

eV — 3.70

— 2.96

— 2.22

.48

— 0.74 1

1

ev — 3.70

— 2.96

— 2.22

— I .48

— 0.74

— 0.00

46
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Til Zrl

Mult, desig.

X Mult, desig.

X Mult. no. Mult. no.

A .... a

3 F _ z 3 F

0 5210.4 a

3 F - w

3 F

3 3663.6

4 S2 4p" 5193.0 5s3 5pIV 3623.9

(4) 5173.7 (12) 3586.3

B .... a

3 F - z

3 D° 5064.7 a 3 f - u

3 D

0 3029.5

4s 2 4p" 5040.0 5s 3 5pIV 3011.7

(5) 5014.2 (22) 2985.4

C .... a

3 f - z

^ G° 4681.9 a3 F - x

3 G

0 3601.2

4s2 4p" 4667.6 5s3 5pIV 3547.7

(6) 4656.5 (13) 3519.6

D .... a

3 F - y

3 F ° 3998.6 a

3 F - z3 F ° 6127.5

4s2 4p 3989.8 5s 3 5p 6143.2

(12) 3981.8 (2) 6134.6

E .... a

3 F - y

3 D° 3958.2 a 3 f - z3 D

0 5879.8

4s 2 4p 3956.3 5s 3 5p 5797.8

(13) 3948.7 (4) 5735.7

F .... a

3 F _ x 3 F ° 3752.9 a

3 F - y

3 f

0 (4391. 4P)

4s 2 4p' 3741.1 5s 3 5p' 4347.2

(17) 3729.8 4236.6

G .... a

5 F - y

5G

0 4981.7 a

5 F - y

5 g° 4687.8

4s' 4p' 4991.1 5s' 5p' 4710.1

(38) 4999.5 (43) 4739.5

5007.2 4772.3

5014.3 4815.6

H .... a

3 F - y

3 F ° 4533.2 a

5 F - y

5 F° 4227.8

4s' 4p' 4534.8 5s' 5p' 4239.3

(42) 4535.6 (45) 4241.7

4535.0 4241.2

4536.1 4240.4

I a

3 F - x3 D° 4305.9 a5 F - x

5D° 4081.2

4s' 4p' 4301.1 5s 5p' 4072.7

(44) 4300.6 (46) 4064.2

4298.7 4055.0

4295.8 4044.6

3d2 4s 3 _ 4s2 4d2 5s 2 5s2

3d3(b4 F)4s = 4s' 4d3 (b4 F)5s 5s' 3d2 4s(a3 F)4p = 4p" 4d2 5s(a 3 F)5p = 5pIV

3d2 4s(a4 F)4p = 4p 4d2 5s(a4 F)5p = 5p

3d3(b4 F)4p = 4p' 4d3 (b4 F)5p 5p'

47
40000-

|

I

|

I

I

I

|

|

-4.94

CO o cn N ID ro CM o

> ro N- o CO 00 q o

CD ro ro" CO — — 6 6

H9awnN 3AVAA

o o O O o o o

o O O O o o o

o O O O o o o

m O in o m o m

ro rO CM CM — —

48
APPENDIX : PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

CD © TP CO CD rH 05 03 CM 00 TP o in © in CM tp CO ip 00 05 05

CD CNJ s

CD rH I> rH in 00 Tp d CO in in rH 05 rH in o CD d in in

rH eg rH CM 05 C*- I> 03 CO CD 03 CM TP rH in TP CD O o co el> t- l> l>» CD CD CO CO o rH rH rH eg in CO CD rH rH eg rH rH rH

cm CM eg CM eg CM CM eg CM CO CO CO CO co co CO CO CO CO co CO CO CO

O o o o o O

. . Jjh Q o a o (Jh R

bi . a o

lO in in CO CO CO

J3Z

N 5p eg N 5p CO N 5p CM 5p CM 5p CM 5p

a . 1 > 1 > 1 1 ,

_

| R-> R R rH in 3 s

Q Q E^h [j-t R R m in in CO CO CO s if tP rr

cS 13 03 13 03 13 03 CO c3 CO 03 CO rf Tp tp TP Tf

05 CM t> CD o CO 05 £- rH CO t- Tp co 00 CM oo rH rH t> in tr- © CD in oo 05 co 03 CM in CO CM © 00 in CD in o CD rH e* d CO o O rH CM CO co l> co 00 05 o rH rH CM m tp CO tH CD 03 co oo

t- i> £'** t> co CD CD CD o rH rH rH rH in in in eg CM CM rH rH rH

cm CM CM CM CM CM CM CM eg CO CO CO CO CO co CO co co CO CO CO CO CO

O O o o o o R Q O Q o r

ti . •H —

CO O

in in in CO CO CO > N a N a CO N o. CM a, CM a CM a Tp tp Tp

13 1 > 1 > , 1 1 _

, ^ v

•+-» R R rH in I> CD Q Q R R &h in in in CO CO CO § TP Tp

03 T3 03 13 03 CO 03 CO 03 CO 03 CO CO CO Tp Tp tp tP

(h

. . . • CD • • . . . CD -*-> • • HM

'—

(1) < CQ u Q H

W Q.

ID LO

II II M D. id irs

TJ<rt g

CO CO

13 T3

<P tT

CO D,

-<p

CO a

R R

*P

_cs_ _rt_ co eo

T3 13 CO CO

49
32000

50
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

51
70000 — — 8.64

70000 — 6 V

60000 —

50000 —

40000-

30000

20000 —

10000 —

ev

— 7.4 I

— 6.17

— 4.94

— 3.70

— 2.47

t — 8.64 ^

eV

— 7.4 I

— 6.17

— 4.94

— 3.70

— 2.47

— 1.23

— 0.00

52
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Key

letter

Cr n Mon

Mult, desig.

\

Mult, desig.

Mult. no. Mult. no.

A a

4D - z

4 P° 3408.8 b

4d - z

4 P° 4250.7

4s 4p 3422.7 5s 5p 4363.6

(3) 3433.3 (3) 4433.5

3382.7 4209.6

3403.3 4279.0

3421.2 4377.8

B .... a

4D - z

6D° 3368.0 b

4D - z 6D° 3961.5

4s 4p 3358.5 5s 5p 3986.2

(4) 3347.8 (4) 3953.0

C .... a

4D - N

o 3132.1 b

4d - z

4 F° 3635.1

4s 4p 3124.9 5s 5p 3688.3

(5) 3120.4 (5) 3692.6

3118.6 3702.6

D .... a

4D - z

4d° 2876.0 b

4d - z 4D° 3292.3

4s 4p 2870.4 5s 5p 3320.9

(UV 11) 2867.1 (6) 3329.2

2865.3 3347.3

3d^(a^D)4s = 4s 4d4

(a 5D)5s = 5s

3d^(a^D)4p = 4p 4d4 (a 5D)5p = 5p

53
54

CHROMIUM
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

55
56
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

57
50000

45000 —

40000 —

35000 —

30000 —

25000 —

20000 —

I 5000 —

10000 —

5000 —

0 —

Mm

MANGANESE Z = 25

— 6.17

eV

— 5.56

— 4.94

4.32

3.70

— 3.09

2.47

— I .85

— 1.22

— 0.62

— 0.00

58
APPENDIX A: PARTIAL GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Mnl Tel# Re I*

Key

letter

Mult, desig. Mult, desig. Mult, desig.

Mult. no. Mult. no. Mult. no.

A .... a

6S - z

6 P° 4030.8 a

6 S - z

6 P° 4297.1 a6S - z6 P° 3460.5

4s2 4p 4033.1 5s 2 5p 4262.3 6s2 6p 3464.7

(2) 4034.5 4238.2 3451.9

B .... a

6D - z

6D° 4041.4 a

6D - z

6 D° 4031.6 a6D - z

6 D° 4136.4

4s" 4p" 4055.5 5s" 5p" 4095.7 6s" 6p" 4923.9

(5) 4063.5 4124.2 5667.9

4018.1 3985.0 4391.3

4035.7 4049.1 (5209. IP)

4048.8 4088.7 5943.2

4079.2 4145.0 4605.7

4083.6 4172.5 5331.9

4082.9 4176.3 5852.8

C .... a

6D - z

6 F° 3806.7 a 6 d - z

6 F° 3636.1

4s" 4p" 3823.5 5s" 5p" 3718.9

(6) 3834.4 3746.9

3841.1 3768.8

3844.0 3779.4

D .... a

6D - x

6 P° 3577.9 a

6D - x 6 P° 3466.3 a

6 D - x6 P° 3399.3

4s" 4p" 3586.5 5s" 5p" 3550.7 6s" 6p" 3689.5

(8) 3595.1 3595.7 3876.9

3d^4s(a

,? S)4p = 4p 4d^5s(a7 S)5p = 5p 5d 56s(a 7S)6p = 6p

3d®(a^D)4s = 4s" 4d®(a^D)5s = 5s" 5d6

( 5 D)6s = 6s"

3d6 (a 5 D)4p - 4p" 4d®(a^D)5p = 5p" 5d6

( 5D)6p = 6p"

# Tc I analysis from: *ReI analysis from:

W. F. Meggers, J. Res. W. F. Meggers, Bur. Std. Nat. Bur. Std. 47, 7, J. Res. 6, 1027, RP 322,

RP 2221, 1951. 1931.

P. F. A. Klinkenberg,

Physica J13, 581, 1947.

R. Velasco, An. real. soc. esp. ffs. y qufm. _45, 215,

1949.

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