NIST Technical Note 1816

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR AN 

ASTM XRF STANDARD TEST METHOD 

FOR HYDRAULIC CEMENTS:

INTER-LABORATORY STUDY ON 

CEMENTS A AND B

Paul Stutzman

Alan Heckert 
NIST Technical Note 1816

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR AN 

ASTM XRF STANDARD TEST METHOD 

FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF 

HYDRAULIC CEMENTS:

INTER-LABORATORY STUDY ON

CEMENTS A AND B

Paul Stutzman

Materials and Structural Systems

Engineering Laboratory

Alan Heckert 

Statistical Engineering

Information Technology Laboratory

October 2013

U.S. Department of Commerce 

Penny Pritzker, Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology 

Patrick D. Gallagher, Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Director 
Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this

document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately.

Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the

National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the

entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. 

National Institute of Standards and Technology Technical Note 1816

Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Tech. Note 1816, 199 pages, October 2013

CODEN: NTNOEF
iii

Abstract

Bulk oxide determinations from a pair of portland cements provide the basis for calculating

the precision and accuracy values for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis for both the fused 

glass bead and the pressed powder sample preparation methods. The measurements were 

collected through an interlaboratory study using two cements (Cement A and Cement B), 

and the two sample preparation methods were divided (roughly evenly) among the 

laboratories. Each of the approximately 45 participating laboratories provided six replicate

measurements, analyzed in duplicate, for each of the two separate portland cements. Each

laboratory reported an estimate for the mass fraction of eleven analytes: CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, 

Fe2O3, SO3, MgO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5, and Cl. Chemical data using traditional 

chemical analyses (the Reference Methods) from the Cement and Concrete Reference 

Laboratory (CCRL) proficiency test program were included for comparison to the XRF 

results. Precision measures for within- and between-laboratory performance are presented 

as 1- and 95 % limits (ASTM d2s). Accuracy criteria are based upon a two-sided 95 % 

prediction interval for the mean of two test results, defining the range of values one might 

expect for each analyte relative to a certified value of a reference material.

Keywords: accuracy; hydraulic cement; precision; qualification; X-ray fluorescence 
iv

Table of Contents

Abstract .........................................................................................................................................iii

Table of Contents.........................................................................................................................iv

List of Tables.................................................................................................................................vi

List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. vii

Introduction...................................................................................................................................1

Development of a Test Method for XRF Analysis of Hydraulic Cements............................ 3

Measurement Precision....................................................................................................................... 6

Measurement Accuracy and Method Bias..................................................................................... 6

Outlier Identification............................................................................................................................ 7

Included Appendices ............................................................................................................................ 8

Measurement Precision....................................................................................................................... 9

Prediction Intervals............................................................................................................................12

Summary.................................................................................................................................................12

Appendix A. Individual Oxide Analysis.............................................................................13

SiO2........................................................................................................................................................................14

Al2O3......................................................................................................................................................................24

Fe2O3.....................................................................................................................................................................34

CaO........................................................................................................................................................................44

MgO.......................................................................................................................................................................54

SO3 .........................................................................................................................................................................64

Na2O .....................................................................................................................................................................74

K2O.........................................................................................................................................................................84

P2O5 .................................................................................................................................................................... 104

Cl ......................................................................................................................................................................... 114

Appendix B. Request for Participants Letter............................................................... 121

Appendix C. XRF Glass Summary by Material and Replicate. ............................... 124

Appendix D. XRF Powder Summary by Material and Replicate............................ 126

Appendix E. Raw Data by Analyte..................................................................................... 128

SiO2..................................................................................................................................................................... 128

Al2O3................................................................................................................................................................... 134

Fe2O3.................................................................................................................................................................. 140

CaO..................................................................................................................................................................... 146

MgO.................................................................................................................................................................... 152

SO3 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 159

Na2O................................................................................................................................................................... 165

K2O...................................................................................................................................................................... 171

TiO2 .................................................................................................................................................................... 178

P2O5 .................................................................................................................................................................... 183

Cl ......................................................................................................................................................................... 189

Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 191
v

References ................................................................................................................................ 191
vi

List of Tables

Table 1 Pooled Results for XRF-Glass, XRF-Powder and Combined Powder and Glass 

Methods, when the results are expressed as a percent. The values include the 1

within-laboratory (Sr), the 1 between-laboratory (sR), and the ASTM d2s values for 

the 95% limit on the difference between two test results (r) and (R). ......................... 11

Table 2 95 % Prediction Interval designed to bracket values of a mean of k = 2 

measurements. The mean result should differ from the known value of the certified 

reference material by no more than the value shown for each analyte........................ 12

Table 3 Precision Statistics SiO2 XRF, Cements A B......................................................... 23

Table 4 Precision Statistics Al2O3 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 

and 2............................................................................................................................. 33

Table 5 Precision Statistics Fe2O3 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 

and 2............................................................................................................................. 43

Table 6 Precision Statistics CaO by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 

2.................................................................................................................................... 53

Table 7 Precision Statistics CaO by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 

2.................................................................................................................................... 63

Table 8 Precision Statistics SO3 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 

2.................................................................................................................................... 73

Table 9 Precision Statistics Na2O by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 

and 2............................................................................................................................. 83

Table 10 Precision Statistics K2O by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 

and 2............................................................................................................................. 93

Table 11 Precision Statistics TiO2 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 

and 2........................................................................................................................... 103

Table 12 Precision Statistics P2O5 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 

and 2........................................................................................................................... 113
vii

List of Figures

Figure 1. ASTM C114 performance criteria for the chemical analysis of portland cements. 

From a letter by W.C. Hanna to the Working Committee on Methods of Chemical 

Analysis, June 12, 1946. ................................................................................................ 2

Figure 2 Reference and instrumental methods popularity from CCRL proficiency test data 

shows that over 80 % of the labs use X-ray methods for bulk chemical analysis by 

either energy- or wavelength-dispersive analysis, using either powder or glass 

specimens....................................................................................................................... 2

Figure 3 Calculated values for the determination of within and between lab precision........ 5

Figure 4 Scatter plot for CaO, XRF-powder preparation as boxes with the “o” symbol 

noting excluded data due to exceeding the h or k statistics. .......................................... 8

Figure 5 Lab means and standard deviations for CaO, powder preparation for cement A 

(Material 1) and cement B (Material 2). ........................................................................ 9

Figure 6 h and k statistic plots illustrate the within- (k) and between-laboratory (h) 

precision and are useful in identifying unusual results that may be considered outliers. 

The dashed line marks the limits for each statistic. ..................................................... 10

Figure 7 Box plots for SiO2 for XRF glass and powder, and reference methods. ............... 14

Figure 8 SiO2 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and 

past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). .............................................................................................. 23

Figure 9 Box plots for Al2O3 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.................... 24

Figure 10 Al2O2 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current 

and past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). .............................................................................................. 33

Figure 11 Box plots for Fe2O3 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.................. 34

Figure 12 Fe2O3 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current 

and past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). .............................................................................................. 43

Figure 13 Box plots for CaO XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.................... 44

Figure 14 CaO precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current 

and past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). .............................................................................................. 53

Figure 15 Box plots for MgO XRF glass and powder, and reference methods................... 54

Figure 16 MgO precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current 

and past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). .............................................................................................. 63

Figure 17 Box plots for SO3 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods..................... 64

Figure 18 SO3 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current 

and past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). .............................................................................................. 73

Figure 19 Box plots for Na2O XRF glass and powder, and reference methods. ................. 74

Figure 20 Na2O precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current 

and past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). .............................................................................................. 83

Figure 21 Box plots for K2O XRF glass and powder, and reference methods. ................... 84
viii

Figure 22 K2O precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current 

and past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). .............................................................................................. 93

Figure 23 Box plots for TiO2 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods ................... 94

Figure 24 TiO2 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current 

and past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). ............................................................................................ 103

Figure 25 Box plots for P2O5 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods. ................ 104

Figure 26 P2O5 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current 

and past ASTM C114 limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-

sigma, between lab (SR). ............................................................................................ 113

Figure 27 Box plots for Cl XRF glass and powder, and reference methods. .................... 114
1

Introduction

Chemical analysis of portland cement is used for process control in clinker and cement 

manufacture, for demonstration specification compliance, and for relating chemical 

properties to performance attributes. Reporting requirements for the chemical composition 

of portland cements in North America date back to the 1915 Joint Conference on Uniform 

Methods of Tests and Standard Specifications for Cement which involved the American 

Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society for Testing Materials, and the United 

States Government and included the following analytes: SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, 

SO3, Ignition Loss, and Insoluble Residue [1]. 

In 1946, work on harmonizing the Federal and ASTM Cement Specifications resulted in 

the development of ASTM C150, Specification for Portland Cement within ASTM C1 on

Cement. Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis of Portland Cement, ASTM C114-44

was also published and contained a performance-based qualification scheme [Figure 1] that 

is very similar to that used today where duplicate determinations on different days are 

made and the two results must be within the limit of permissive variation with their average 

accepted as the correct value [2]. Using reference cements to qualify, this process was 

repeated if the criteria were not met.

The 1960’s through the 1970’s saw a shift from classical analytical “wet” chemistry 

measurements (referred to as the reference and the alternate methods) to instrumental 

methods, including atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray spectrometry, and a 

spectrophotometric/titrimetric scheme. Forrester et al. [3], Midgley [4], Harrison et al. [5], 

Aldridge et al. [6,7], Stutzman and Lane [8], EN 196-2.2 [9], and a National Cooperative 

Highway Research Program report [10] have investigated uncertainty in chemical analyses 

of portland cements, with the latter three being based upon standardized methods. ASTM 

Subcommittee C 1.23, Chemical Analysis, amended the precision requirements with 

accuracy requirements in 1977 by replacing the third column in Figure 1 with a maximum 

difference between the mean of two replicate determinations and the value of a certified 

reference material. This amended set of criteria is now Table 1 of ASTM C114 and is the 

basis of method qualification for instrumental methods other than the reference methods, 

for example, those by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) [2]. While the column one requirements 

originated in the 1946 edition of ASTM C114 and are based upon the reference methods, 

none of the qualification requirements have supporting data available. The development of 

a standard test for XRF analysis of hydraulic cements provides an opportunity to collect the 

data and calculate appropriate qualification values.
2

Figure 1. ASTM C114 performance criteria for the chemical analysis of portland cements. From a letter by W.C. 

Hanna to the Working Committee on Methods of Chemical Analysis, June 12, 1946.

Figure 2 Reference and instrumental methods popularity from CCRL proficiency test data shows that over 80 % 

of the labs use X-ray methods for bulk chemical analysis by either energy- or wavelength-dispersive analysis, using 

either powder or glass specimens.
3

Development of a Test Method for XRF Analysis of Hydraulic Cements

Over 80 % of the participants in the CCRL proficiency test program conduct XRF analysis 

using either a wavelength- or an energy-dispersive spectrometer [11]. The percentage of 

cement manufacturers that use XRF analysis is probably higher, and the remaining 

instrumental and traditional chemical methods of analysis are generally reserved as backup 

in case the principal XRF instrument is down for repair. In ASTM C114 terminology, the 

XRF method, atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry fall under 

rapid methods, reflecting the longer times required to perform the traditional chemical 

analyses. Current practice for chemical analysis follows ASTM C114, which states that any 

method of analysis may be used as long as it can be demonstrated to conform to precision 

and bias performance criteria of Table 1 in ASTM C114 [2]. This means that the rapid 

methods require qualification where results of six of seven certified reference materials 

must fall within the qualification criteria of Table 1; the seventh measurement must fall 

with twice the precision criteria in Table 1. The qualification limits were originally 

published in 1946 and remain the same today. Bias criteria were originally based upon the 

maximum difference of three determinations, whereas today the criteria are a maximum 

limit on the difference of the mean of two determinations and an accepted reference value.

ASTM C 1.23 initiated an inter-laboratory study for XRF Analysis to establish a data set 

for assessing precision of the method being developed. This method does not provide a set 

of instructions to prepare specimens and perform an analysis, but rather outlines a goal of 

analysis of major and minor elements by XRF with use of either of two specimen 

preparation procedures: pressed powder and fused glass. Guidelines as a draft standard are 

provided for both the pressed pellet and the fused glass preparations.

For the inter-laboratory study, three pairs of cements were distributed to participants with 

approximately 45 laboratories participating. This report covers the first set of cements, 

which will be referred to as Cement A and Cement B, originating from the CCRL 

proficiency test program cements 163 and 164, respectively. Each laboratory was asked to 

follow their own standard operating procedure (SOP), as long as it fell within the draft 

standard guidelines, and prepare and analyze three specimens (replicates) to be analyzed 

twice each (duplicates) on two different days for a total of six specimens and twelve 

analyses (Appendix A). Subsequent studies will contain ASTM C595 1s cements (samples 

C D), portland cements with ca. 5 % limestone addition (samples E F), and ASTM C595 1p 

cements with fly ash (samples G H). Results and data from each sample set will be reported 

separately.

Sample preparation for XRF can be achieved using either of two distinct methods: a 

pressed powder and a fused glass disk. Pressed powder specimens are typically ground in a 

tungsten carbide ring and puck mill with a binding agent to reduce the particle size and 

provide a packed powder mount that will remain intact for transport and analysis. The 

advantages of this preparation method include the simplicity and better detection limits 

while disadvantages include what is known as the “mineralogical effect”, which requires a 

similar matrix between a bracketed calibration and unknown specimens for the calibrations 

to be valid. The potential for bias due to the mineralogical effect will be greater for the 
4

second, third, and fourth cement pairs, which will contain slag additions at the 50 % level 

and limestone additions at a level of less than 5 %, and fly ash, respectively. The fused disk 

preparation eliminates the potentially adverse effects of discrete mineral phases by 

dissolving the cement in a flux and fusing the mixture into a homogeneous glass disk.

However, the fluxing process is subject to volatization of some analytes if the heating 

process is not carefully controlled. 

The data analysis follows ASTM E 691 [12]“Standard Practice for Conducting an 

Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method,” and was performed 

using the Dataplot1software. Data were compiled by the CCRL staff into a database and 

exported to a spreadsheet format for subsequent processing and analysis. The terms used in 

ASTM E691 and the means of their calculation are presented in Figure 3, with the last six 

terms being used subsequently in the evaluation and presentation of the results.

The layout of this report consists of some background for chemical analysis of cements, 

information on the interlaboratory study, methodology behind the precision calculations, a 

summary table for all reported elements, and individual analyte (as oxides) results in table 

and graphical form, along with comparisons to previous studies. The calculations provide 

precision estimates for consideration by the C01.23 Subcommittee on compositional 

analysis for use in developing a draft standard test method for XRF analysis of hydraulic 

cements. The draft method uses a qualification approach, similar to that used in ASTM 

C114, having criteria for precision as well as accuracy. Unfortunately, the process and data 

used to develop the C114 Table 1 criteria are no longer available, so while precision is 

calculated here, criteria for accuracy will require careful consideration by the 

subcommittee. If the predominant sources of uncertainty lie in the laboratory protocol – the 

sample preparation, the calibrations, and the analyses – the differences between laboratory 

results reflect the combined within-laboratory uncertainties and laboratory-specific bias 

based upon protocol. As was done with the XRD test method C1365, the proposed measure 

of accuracy uses the prediction interval to establish criteria for laboratory bias limits. 

 

1

http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/software/dataplot/homepage.htm
5

Figure 3 Calculated values for the determination of within and between lab precision
6

Measurement Precision

Uncertainties in bulk oxide measurements originate from a number of sources: consistency 

and bias in specimen preparations, standardization, data collection procedures, and analysis 

protocol. Measurements are estimates of the actual value being measured and ideally have 

some statement of uncertainty. This may also be estimated through an interlaboratory 

study, which provides estimates on precision, or random error (Type A) and bias, or 

systematic error (Type B) uncertainty. ASTM defines precision as “the closeness of 

agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions (the 

standard test procedure), which may be expressed as a standard deviation (1-σ).” Precision 

is further differentiated by that achieved within a laboratory by a single instrument (and 

operator, or procedure), called repeatability, and that between different laboratories, called 

reproducibility as a single standard deviation or a 95 % limit as defined by E691 and 

presented below:

Repeatability: Precision under repeatability conditions

Repeatability limit (r): “The value below which the absolute difference between 

two individual test results obtained under repeatability conditions may be expected 

to occur with a probability of approximately 0.95 (95 %)”

The repeatability limit is 2.8 (1.96*√2) times the repeatability standard 

deviation

Reproducibility: Precision under reproducibility conditions

Reproducibility limit (R): The value below which the absolute difference between 

two test results obtained under reproducibility conditions may be expected to occur 

with a probability of approximately 0.95 (95 %)

The reproducibility limit is 2.8 (1.96*√2) times the reproducibility standard 

deviation

Measurement Accuracy and Method Bias

ASTM defines accuracy as “the closeness of agreement between a test result and a 

accepted reference value”, which includes both random and systematic error. The

qualification criteria in C 114, Table 1, Column 3 addresses accuracy. Bias is defined as 

“the difference between the expectation of the test results and an accepted reference value”, 

and reflects the systematic error. A meaningful estimate of method bias is more difficult to 

extract from interlaboratory studies if an explicit protocol is not available, even if certified 

reference materials are available. Systematic error introduced by individual lab protocols 

dominates that of the method, making a universal bias correction difficult to estimate and 

apply. In addition, the cements used in this program were not reference materials (due to 

the number of participants), so a bias calculation is not possible. These materials were 

specially homogenized and packaged as part of the CCRL chemical proficiency test 

program. 
7

Outlier Identification

Participation in the inter-laboratory study (ILS) was open to all interested laboratories and 

was not restricted based on the laboratory staff’s years of experience. In addition, the ILS 

did not specify an explicit method for preparation and analysis. These two factors 

contributed to the overall uncertainty in the measurement data. Some means of 

identification of outlying data was necessary to exclude any outlying results and their 

influences on the calculated precision and consensus values. A graphical representation of 

this process is provided in Figure 4 where the individual replicate data from powder data 

with results plotted with cement A on the x-axis and cement B on the y-axis. The vertical 

and horizontal axes represent the consensus value means for cements A and B, respectively 

for the original data (before outlier identification). Like a Youden plot, this plot of the data 

pairs provides some insight, based on the degree and directions of dispersion of the results. 

In the absence of bias, the point pattern is roughly circular, and the dispersion along a 

diagonal from the lower-left, to the upper-right quadrant represents systematic error, and 

dispersion that is orthogonal to this direction represents the random error (precision). 

In the example for CaO by the powder preparation, there were three laboratories that 

reported data that were considered outliners. Lab 1 (labeled O 1) data, which was clustered 

along the diagonal well below the other values, exhibits significant systematic error for 

both cements, which may represent either a calibration or preparation error. Lab 3 (O 3)

data, which was scattered in both along the diagonal and perpendicular to the diagonal,

exhibit significant systematic and random errors. Finally, lab 20 (O 20) reported an errant 

value for one replicate of cement A. This might represent an error in the sample preparation 

or a data entry error. It was determined that the latter was most likely as the duplicate of 

this sample did not exhibit a similarly low value for cement A. In this case, no attempt was 

made to fix the data, and that analyte from that lab was removed for the final analysis to 

maintain the balanced data set required by E691.

The plots in Figure 5 of the laboratory means and standard deviation are also useful for 

rapid visualization of overall performance by laboratory and material. The means plots 

represent the mean of the three replicates for cements A and B (labeled as Material 1 and 2) 

against the consensus value. The mean values by laboratory have the effect of averaging

out the random error in the analyses, providing a more robust estimate for each lab. Lab 1 

stands out in producing consistently low values, which are those in the lower-left quadrant 

(O 1) of Figure 4. Precision problems of Lab 3 (cement B, material 2) and Lab 20 (cement 

A, material 1) are seen in the standard deviation (SD) plot.

Quantitative assessment of within- and between-lab precision is represented by the h and k

statistics [12], which can take the table form or be expressed in a plot. The h and k

consistency statistics, measures of the lab’s within- and between-laboratory precision, are 

shown in Figure 6. These statistics were used to identify outlying lab data in the original 

data set, which were subsequently excluded on an analyte-by-analyte basis. The rationale 

for this being applied on a one time only basis was that it aided in the identification of 

unusual data due to standardization and procedural error, or errors on the reported values 

due to data entry. No attempt was made to evaluate the data and fix errant values due to 
8

entry error. ASTM E691 requires a balanced data set so if a lab submitted an incomplete 

data set or was flagged as an outlier due to an errant value, the entire data set for that 

analyte was eliminated. 

Included Appendices

The analyses for each oxide, the letter of invitation to participate, and the raw data for each 

analyte are included in the appendices. Appendix A provides the analysis for each oxide, 

along with a comparison of the reported precision to the precision of other methods. 

Appendix B provides the invitation to participate letter that provides instructions to the 

laboratory regarding the measurement and the reporting of values. Appendices C and D 

provides the raw data that provided by the laboratories for the glass and powder 

preparations, respectively, and Appendix E provides the raw data by analyte with index 

values for cement and replicate.

Figure 4 Scatter plot for CaO, XRF-powder preparation as boxes with the “o” symbol noting excluded data due to 

exceeding the h or k statistics.
9

Figure 5 Lab means and standard deviations for CaO, powder preparation for cement A (Material 1) and cement 

B (Material 2).

Measurement Precision 

The results in Appendix A are condensed into Table 1, which presents the results by 

method, and includes the 1 within-laboratory (Sr), the 1 between-laboratory (sR). The 

table also includes the appropriate ASTM d2s, the 95 % limits on the difference between 

two test results, as r and R, which represent a pooled standard deviation for the two 

replicates for both cements A and B. In addition, the results were pooled across glass and 

powder methods for consideration and are shown in the right-hand side of the table. More 

detailed summaries by method and cement are found in Appendix B for the glass 

preparation and Appendix C for the powder preparation. Appendix D contains the raw data 

used in this analysis.
10

Figure 6 h and k statistic plots illustrate the within- (k) and between-laboratory (h) precision and are useful in 

identifying unusual results that may be considered outliers. The dashed line marks the limits for each statistic.
11

Table 1 Pooled Results for XRF-Glass, XRF-Powder and Combined Powder and Glass Methods, when the results 

are expressed as a percent. The values include the 1 within-laboratory (Sr), the 1 between-laboratory (sR), and 

the ASTM d2s values for the 95% limit on the difference between two test results (r) and (R).

Glass Powder Pooled Glass and Powder

Analyte Sr sR r R Sr sR r R Sr sR r R

CaO 0.119 0.372 0.334 1.043 0.109 0.337 0.306 0.942 0.114 0.355 0.321 0.994

SiO2 0.054 0.106 0.151 0.298 0.056 0.161 0.155 0.450 0.055 0.136 0.153 0.381

Al2O3 0.021 0.057 0.058 0.160 0.022 0.096 0.063 0.266 0.022 0.079 0.060 0.220

Fe2O3 0.013 0.032 0.038 0.090 0.016 0.046 0.045 0.130 0.015 0.040 0.042 0.112

SO3 0.056 0.085 0.156 0.236 0.024 0.119 0.065 0.334 0.043 0.104 0.120 0.289

MgO 0.012 0.026 0.034 0.077 0.012 0.065 0.033 0.185 0.012 0.050 0.033 0.142

Na2O 0.023 0.029 0.062 0.080 0.005 0.019 0.013 0.055 0.016 0.025 0.045 0.069

K2O 0.004 0.009 0.010 0.025 0.004 0.012 0.010 0.035 0.004 0.011 0.010 0.031

TiO2 0.004 0.008 0.010 0.020 0.003 0.007 0.010 0.020 0.004 0.008 0.010 0.020

P2O5 0.003 0.004 0.010 0.016 0.007 0.009 0.017 0.025 0.005 0.007 0.014 0.021

Cl (both) 0.007 0.050 0.021 0.142 0.007 0.050 0.021 0.142 0.007 0.050 0.021 0.142
12

Prediction Intervals

ASTM C114 qualification criteria specified in Table 1 includes an accuracy criterion for 

each analyte, by limiting the maximum difference between the mean of two duplicates and 

a certificate value from a certified reference material. A two-sided 95 % prediction interval 

for the mean of two test results is presented in Table 2 for each analyte. This interval 

defines the maximum difference one might expect relative to a certified value of a 

reference material based upon the mean of two separate determinations [13]. This table 

provides the qualification criteria of column 3 of Table 1 in ASTM C114, titled “Maximum 

difference of the average of duplicates from CRM certificate values”.

Table 2 95 % Prediction Interval designed to bracket values of a mean of k = 2 measurements. The mean result 

should differ from the known value of the certified reference material by no more than the value shown for each 

analyte.

Prediction Interval k=2

Glass Powder Pooled

CaO 0.569 0.477 0.492

SiO2 0.222 0.367 0.287

Al2O3 0.106 0.149 0.122

Fe2O3 0.057 0.069 0.059

SO3 0.132 0.175 0.147

MgO 0.037 0.085 0.063

Na2O 0.038 0.031 0.032

K2O 0.017 0.023 0.019

TiO2 0.013 0.011 0.011

P2O5 0.007 0.017 0.012

Cl (both) 0.064

Summary

Precision and accuracy estimates from analysis of data from an ASTM interlaboratory test 

program provide the basis for qualification statement for the new XRF standard test method 

now in development. The current qualification criteria are based upon traditional wet 

chemistry test methods, and the original data and means of their calculation of the 

qualification criteria data being no longer available. Following ASTM E691, precision 

values for within- and between-laboratory and their 95 % limits have been determined. The 

accuracy criterion in ASTM C114, Table 1 is developed here using a two-point mean and 

95 % prediction interval. Together, these performance criteria will aid in facilitating 

accurate and consistent analyses of the bulk chemical compositions of hydraulic cements.
13

Appendix A. Individual Oxide Analysis

The results by analyte and method are represented by a consistent set of plots and tables to 

illustrate the results, and by a summary table to provide a comparison to previous studies 

on precision. These results include:

 A box plot for Cement A and Cement B, which includes Reference Methods data 

from the CCRL proficiency test program,

 Summary tables of means, standard deviations, cell deviation, and h and k statistics 

(see Fig. 3),

 Summary tables by method and replicate for within- and between-laboratory 

precision expressed as a standard deviation and ASTM d2s 95 % limits, and

 A bar chart comparing between lab standard deviation (reproducibility) to that of 

previous studies.

Each analyte, expressed as an oxide, is represented by box plots for both cements A and B 

that include the reference data from the CCRL proficiency test program for these cements 

for comparison, a table of results for each duplicate and replicate by sample preparation 

(glass and powder), a summary table for the precision calculations by cement, duplicate 

and replicate, and a bar chart illustrating the pooled results against the ASTM C114 criteria 

and reproducibility values calculated in other studies on analytical uncertainty.

Box plots are a graphical one-way ANOVA, enabling comparison of the two XRF 

preparation and the reference methods results through assessment of the alignment or 

misalignment of median values, differences in interquartile ranges, and the extant of the 

data extremes. The box plots presented represent the XRF data after outliers from the initial 

analysis have been removed.

Important features of the box plot are:

 the width of each box is proportional to sample size, 

 the median value, identified by the X within the box, is used for its resistance to 

outliers, 

 the interquartile range ("middle half") of the data are represented by the body of the 

box,

 the top and the bottom of the box represent the estimated 75 % and 25 % point, 

respectively, and

 the extremes (minimum and maximum) are represented by the ends of the straight 

lines projecting from the box.
14

SiO2

Figure 7 Box plots for SiO2for XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
15

SiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 20.3965 0.0797 -0.1385 -1.85 1.62

2 20.3835 0.0794 -0.1515 -2.02 1.61

3 20.5300 0.0185 -0.0050 -0.07 0.37

4 20.5267 0.0163 -0.0084 -0.11 0.33

5 20.6005 0.0401 0.0655 0.87 0.81

6 20.5283 0.0366 -0.0067 -0.09 0.74

7 20.6633 0.0728 0.1283 1.71 1.48

8 20.5020 0.0304 -0.0330 -0.44 0.62

9 20.5167 0.0308 -0.0184 -0.24 0.62

10 20.5383 0.0598 0.0033 0.04 1.21

11 20.4650 0.0451 -0.0700 -0.93 0.91

12 20.5817 0.0331 0.0466 0.62 0.67

13 20.5660 0.0659 0.0310 0.41 1.34

14 20.5233 0.0378 -0.0117 -0.16 0.77

15 20.5450 0.0742 0.0100 0.13 1.50

16 20.6633 0.0294 0.1283 1.71 0.60

17 20.4952 0.0303 -0.0399 -0.53 0.61

18 20.6050 0.0259 0.0700 0.93 0.52

Average of cell averages = 20.53502 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.07503 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.04934 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.08751 

Critical values h, k = 2.53, 1.78
16

SiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 20.2365 0.0805 -0.0024 -0.02 1.40

2 20.2210 0.0873 -0.0179 -0.16 1.52

3 20.1612 0.0169 -0.0777 -0.71 0.29

4 20.2950 0.0327 0.0561 0.51 0.57

5 20.3387 0.0279 0.0998 0.91 0.49

6 20.2983 0.0744 0.0594 0.54 1.30

7 20.3517 0.0809 0.1128 1.03 1.41

8 20.2447 0.0229 0.0058 0.05 0.40

9 20.1883 0.0194 -0.0506 -0.46 0.34

10 20.1950 0.0497 -0.0439 -0.40 0.87

11 19.9533 0.0622 -0.2856 -2.60 1.08

12 20.2817 0.0279 0.0428 0.39 0.49

13 20.1127 0.0735 -0.1262 -1.15 1.28

14 20.2767 0.0367 0.0378 0.34 0.64

15 20.2667 0.1141 0.0278 0.25 1.99

16 20.4517 0.0492 0.2128 1.93 0.86

17 20.1205 0.0197 -0.1184 -1.08 0.34

18 20.3067 0.0216 0.0678 0.62 0.38

Average of cell averages = 20.23890 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.10998 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.05744 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.12184 

Critical values h, k = 2.53, 1.78
17

SiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 20.3812 0.0655 -0.1504 -1.84 1.40

2 20.3577 0.0782 -0.1739 -2.13 1.67

3 20.5403 0.0151 0.0087 0.11 0.32

4 20.5233 0.0234 -0.0083 -0.10 0.50

5 20.6037 0.0416 0.0721 0.88 0.89

6 20.5183 0.0640 -0.0133 -0.16 1.37

7 20.6567 0.0659 0.1251 1.53 1.41

8 20.4963 0.0483 -0.0353 -0.43 1.03

9 20.4833 0.0308 -0.0483 -0.59 0.66

10 20.5133 0.0383 -0.0183 -0.22 0.82

11 20.4800 0.0316 -0.0516 -0.63 0.68

12 20.5567 0.0468 0.0251 0.31 1.00

13 20.6117 0.0486 0.0801 0.98 1.04

14 20.5033 0.0314 -0.0283 -0.35 0.67

15 20.5617 0.0605 0.0301 0.37 1.30

16 20.6533 0.0333 0.1217 1.49 0.71

17 20.5030 0.0246 -0.0286 -0.35 0.53

18 20.6250 0.0351 0.0934 1.14 0.75

Average of cell averages = 20.53160 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.08179 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.04668 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.09222 

Critical values h, k = 2.53, 1.78
18

SiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 20.1507 0.0755 -0.0829 -0.81 1.24

2 20.1672 0.1104 -0.0664 -0.65 1.82

3 20.1625 0.0236 -0.0711 -0.69 0.39

4 20.2950 0.0302 0.0614 0.60 0.50

5 20.3352 0.0500 0.1016 0.99 0.82

6 20.2683 0.0783 0.0348 0.34 1.29

7 20.3617 0.0781 0.1281 1.25 1.29

8 20.2377 0.0227 0.0041 0.04 0.37

9 20.2217 0.0512 -0.0119 -0.12 0.84

10 20.1983 0.0700 -0.0352 -0.34 1.15

11 19.9800 0.0790 -0.2536 -2.47 1.30

12 20.2233 0.0273 -0.0102 -0.10 0.45

13 20.1775 0.0370 -0.0561 -0.55 0.61

14 20.2867 0.0266 0.0531 0.52 0.44

15 20.2583 0.1134 0.0248 0.24 1.87

16 20.4400 0.0297 0.2064 2.01 0.49

17 20.1300 0.0160 -0.1036 -1.01 0.26

18 20.3100 0.0352 0.0764 0.74 0.58

Average of cell averages = 20.23355 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.10279 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.06074 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.11679 

Critical values h, k = 2.53, 1.78
19

SiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 20.6900 0.0874 0.0200 0.16 1.56

2 20.6093 0.0540 -0.0606 -0.48 0.96

3 20.6337 0.0546 -0.0363 -0.29 0.97

4 20.6283 0.0500 -0.0416 -0.33 0.89

5 20.6617 0.0705 -0.0083 -0.07 1.26

6 20.9333 0.0197 0.2634 2.09 0.35

7 20.7717 0.0382 0.1017 0.81 0.68

8 20.7500 0.0219 0.0800 0.64 0.39

9 20.4383 0.0407 -0.2316 -1.84 0.73

10 20.7512 0.0294 0.0812 0.65 0.52

11 20.5513 0.0341 -0.1186 -0.94 0.61

12 20.6817 0.0838 0.0117 0.09 1.49

13 20.5812 0.0326 -0.0888 -0.71 0.58

14 20.6105 0.0690 -0.0595 -0.47 1.23

15 20.6467 0.0592 -0.0233 -0.19 1.06

16 20.4917 0.0299 -0.1783 -1.42 0.53

17 20.5500 0.0805 -0.1200 -0.95 1.44

18 20.5432 0.0553 -0.1268 -1.01 0.99

19 20.8183 0.0725 0.1484 1.18 1.29

20 20.7950 0.0812 0.1250 0.99 1.45

21 20.7055 0.0404 0.0355 0.28 0.72

22 20.8967 0.0432 0.2267 1.80 0.77

Average of cell averages = 20.66996 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.12579 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.05606 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.13580 

Critical values h, k = 2.58, 1.78
20

SiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 20.1433 0.0339 0.0263 0.15 0.63

2 19.7277 0.0464 -0.3894 -2.21 0.86

3 20.0672 0.0822 -0.0499 -0.28 1.53

4 20.2650 0.0288 0.1480 0.84 0.54

5 20.3067 0.0463 0.1896 1.08 0.86

6 20.3750 0.0547 0.2580 1.47 1.02

7 20.5217 0.0417 0.4046 2.30 0.77

8 20.0450 0.0592 -0.0720 -0.41 1.10

9 19.8967 0.0413 -0.2204 -1.25 0.77

10 20.4022 0.0481 0.2851 1.62 0.89

11 19.9907 0.0290 -0.1264 -0.72 0.54

12 20.0833 0.0771 -0.0337 -0.19 1.43

13 20.0695 0.0285 -0.0475 -0.27 0.53

14 19.9770 0.0715 -0.1400 -0.80 1.33

15 20.0850 0.0451 -0.0320 -0.18 0.84

16 20.0917 0.0445 -0.0254 -0.14 0.83

17 19.9800 0.0860 -0.1370 -0.78 1.60

18 20.0770 0.0656 -0.0400 -0.23 1.22

19 20.1617 0.0436 0.0446 0.25 0.81

20 20.0467 0.0520 -0.0704 -0.40 0.97

21 20.0870 0.0594 -0.0300 -0.17 1.10

22 20.1750 0.0423 0.0580 0.33 0.79

Average of cell averages = 20.11704 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.17596 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.05377 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.18268 

Critical values h, k = 2.58, 1.78
21

SiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 20.7250 0.0628 0.0474 0.38 1.08

2 20.5675 0.1028 -0.1101 -0.88 1.76

3 20.6398 0.0484 -0.0378 -0.30 0.83

4 20.6283 0.0611 -0.0493 -0.39 1.05

5 20.6767 0.0812 -0.0010 -0.01 1.39

6 20.9267 0.0137 0.2490 1.98 0.23

7 20.7900 0.0335 0.1124 0.90 0.57

8 20.7450 0.0187 0.0674 0.54 0.32

9 20.4617 0.0392 -0.2160 -1.72 0.67

10 20.7458 0.0279 0.0682 0.54 0.48

11 20.5480 0.0412 -0.1296 -1.03 0.71

12 20.6950 0.0896 0.0174 0.14 1.54

13 20.6213 0.0259 -0.0563 -0.45 0.44

14 20.6280 0.0709 -0.0496 -0.40 1.21

15 20.6500 0.0740 -0.0276 -0.22 1.27

16 20.5200 0.0363 -0.1576 -1.26 0.62

17 20.5350 0.0771 -0.1426 -1.14 1.32

18 20.5572 0.0614 -0.1205 -0.96 1.05

19 20.8467 0.0717 0.1690 1.35 1.23

20 20.8050 0.0493 0.1274 1.01 0.84

21 20.6850 0.0492 0.0074 0.06 0.84

22 20.9100 0.0424 0.2324 1.85 0.73

Average of cell averages = 20.67762

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.12550 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.05835 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.13634 

Critical values h, k = 2.58, 1.79
22

SiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 20.1467 0.0216 0.0248 0.14 0.40

2 19.7477 0.0374 -0.3742 -2.13 0.69

3 20.0790 0.0811 -0.0428 -0.24 1.50

4 20.2533 0.0320 0.1315 0.75 0.59

5 20.3017 0.0286 0.1798 1.02 0.53

6 20.3717 0.0578 0.2498 1.42 1.07

7 20.5383 0.0343 0.4165 2.37 0.63

8 20.0300 0.0498 -0.0918 -0.52 0.92

9 19.9117 0.0431 -0.2102 -1.20 0.80

10 20.4063 0.0496 0.2845 1.62 0.92

11 19.9875 0.0357 -0.1343 -0.77 0.66

12 20.0983 0.0833 -0.0235 -0.13 1.54

13 20.1020 0.0293 -0.0198 -0.11 0.54

14 19.9942 0.0684 -0.1277 -0.73 1.26

15 20.0333 0.0561 -0.0885 -0.50 1.04

16 20.0983 0.0475 -0.0235 -0.13 0.88

17 19.9717 0.0842 -0.1502 -0.86 1.56

18 20.0747 0.0752 -0.0472 -0.27 1.39

19 20.2017 0.0392 0.0798 0.45 0.72

20 20.0517 0.0591 -0.0702 -0.40 1.09

21 20.0875 0.0677 -0.0343 -0.20 1.25

22 20.1933 0.0372 0.0715 0.41 0.69

Average of cell averages = 20.12184 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.17560 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.05416 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.18243 

Critical values h, k = 2.58, 1.79
23

Table 3 Precision Statistics SiO2 XRF, Cements A B

XRF Glass, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 20.5350 0.0750 0.0493 0.0875 0.14 0.25

2 20.2389 0.1100 0.0574 0.1218 0.16 0.34

XRF Glass, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 20.5316 0.0818 0.0467 0.0922 0.13 0.26

2 20.2336 0.1028 0.0607 0.1168 0.17 0.33

XRF Powder Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 20.6700 0.1258 0.0561 0.1358 0.16 0.38

2 20.1170 0.1760 0.0538 0.1827 0.15 0.51

XRF Powder, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 20.6776 0.1255 0.0584 0.1363 0.16 0.38

2 20.1218 0.1756 0.0542 0.1824 0.15 0.51

Figure 8 SiO2 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
24

Al2O3

Figure 9 Box plots for Al2O3 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
25

Al2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.9298 0.0239 -0.0780 -1.58 1.11

2 5.0260 0.0114 0.0182 0.37 0.53

3 4.9683 0.0098 -0.0395 -0.80 0.46

4 4.9777 0.0144 -0.0302 -0.61 0.67

5 4.9733 0.0266 -0.0345 -0.70 1.23

6 5.1367 0.0082 0.1288 2.60 0.38

7 5.0002 0.0223 -0.0077 -0.16 1.04

8 5.0133 0.0163 0.0055 0.11 0.76

9 4.9683 0.0279 -0.0395 -0.80 1.29

10 4.9450 0.0281 -0.0628 -1.27 1.30

11 5.0117 0.0214 0.0038 0.08 0.99

12 5.0638 0.0403 0.0560 1.13 1.87

13 4.9883 0.0248 -0.0195 -0.39 1.15

14 5.0150 0.0105 0.0072 0.14 0.49

15 5.0450 0.0302 0.0372 0.75 1.40

16 5.0492 0.0047 0.0413 0.84 0.22

17 5.0217 0.0075 0.0138 0.28 0.35

Average of cell averages = 5.00784 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04946 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02156 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.05323 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
26

Al2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 5.0475 0.0165 -0.0825 -1.45 0.74

2 5.1378 0.0091 0.0078 0.14 0.41

3 5.1150 0.0084 -0.0150 -0.26 0.37

4 5.1015 0.0117 -0.0285 -0.50 0.52

5 5.1133 0.0294 -0.0167 -0.29 1.32

6 5.2583 0.0172 0.1283 2.26 0.77

7 5.1467 0.0181 0.0167 0.29 0.81

8 5.1233 0.0197 -0.0067 -0.12 0.88

9 5.0933 0.0301 -0.0367 -0.64 1.35

10 5.0117 0.0407 -0.1183 -2.08 1.82

11 5.1283 0.0172 -0.0017 -0.03 0.77

12 5.1747 0.0234 0.0447 0.79 1.05

13 5.0917 0.0392 -0.0383 -0.67 1.76

14 5.1433 0.0207 0.0133 0.23 0.93

15 5.2067 0.0197 0.0767 1.35 0.88

16 5.1702 0.0026 0.0402 0.71 0.12

17 5.1467 0.0163 0.0167 0.29 0.73

Average of cell averages = 5.13000 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.05686 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02232 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.06040 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
27

Al2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.9332 0.0270 -0.0753 -1.51 1.43

2 5.0187 0.0074 0.0102 0.20 0.39

3 4.9767 0.0052 -0.0318 -0.64 0.27

4 4.9707 0.0107 -0.0378 -0.76 0.57

5 4.9750 0.0207 -0.0335 -0.67 1.10

6 5.1350 0.0138 0.1265 2.54 0.73

7 4.9952 0.0200 -0.0133 -0.27 1.06

8 5.0050 0.0138 -0.0035 -0.07 0.73

9 4.9567 0.0207 -0.0518 -1.04 1.10

10 4.9483 0.0256 -0.0601 -1.21 1.36

11 5.0117 0.0306 0.0032 0.06 1.63

12 5.0805 0.0206 0.0720 1.45 1.10

13 5.0133 0.0121 0.0049 0.10 0.64

14 5.0200 0.0167 0.0115 0.23 0.89

15 5.0467 0.0273 0.0382 0.77 1.45

16 5.0377 0.0099 0.0292 0.59 0.53

17 5.0200 0.0126 0.0115 0.23 0.67

Average of cell averages = 5.00848 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04977 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01880 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.05265 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
28

Al2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 5.0528 0.0174 -0.0802 -1.38 0.84

2 5.1357 0.0082 0.0027 0.05 0.40

3 5.1150 0.0105 -0.0180 -0.31 0.51

4 5.1038 0.0181 -0.0292 -0.50 0.87

5 5.1100 0.0283 -0.0230 -0.40 1.37

6 5.2717 0.0240 0.1387 2.39 1.16

7 5.1485 0.0144 0.0155 0.27 0.69

8 5.1250 0.0138 -0.0080 -0.14 0.67

9 5.0733 0.0121 -0.0597 -1.03 0.58

10 5.0300 0.0253 -0.1030 -1.77 1.22

11 5.1200 0.0141 -0.0130 -0.22 0.68

12 5.1952 0.0281 0.0622 1.07 1.36

13 5.1050 0.0389 -0.0280 -0.48 1.88

14 5.1550 0.0302 0.0220 0.38 1.46

15 5.2083 0.0160 0.0753 1.30 0.77

16 5.1635 0.0016 0.0305 0.52 0.08

17 5.1483 0.0160 0.0153 0.26 0.77

Average of cell averages = 5.13301 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.05808 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02071 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.06109 

h, k Critical Values = 2.57000, 1.79000 
29

Al2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.7500 0.0522 -0.0713 -0.92 2.18

2 4.7317 0.0194 -0.0896 -1.16 0.81

3 4.7213 0.0305 -0.0999 -1.29 1.28

4 4.8473 0.0365 0.0261 0.34 1.53

5 4.9483 0.0133 0.1271 1.64 0.56

6 4.8267 0.0186 0.0054 0.07 0.78

7 4.7917 0.0117 -0.0296 -0.38 0.49

8 4.9850 0.0138 0.1637 2.12 0.58

9 4.8267 0.0082 0.0054 0.07 0.34

10 4.8400 0.0167 0.0187 0.24 0.70

11 4.8853 0.0066 0.0641 0.83 0.27

13 4.7647 0.0155 -0.0566 -0.73 0.65

14 4.7867 0.0250 -0.0346 -0.45 1.05

15 4.7527 0.0166 -0.0686 -0.89 0.70

16 4.9555 0.0405 0.1342 1.74 1.69

17 4.7783 0.0223 -0.0429 -0.56 0.93

18 4.8283 0.0075 0.0071 0.09 0.32

19 4.8280 0.0261 0.0067 0.09 1.09

20 4.8083 0.0306 -0.0129 -0.17 1.28

21 4.8867 0.0175 0.0654 0.85 0.73

22 4.7033 0.0109 -0.1179 -1.53 0.45

Average of cell averages = 4.82126 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.07731 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02388 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.08032 

h, k Critical Value = 2.57000, 1.79000 
30

Al2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.9433 0.0234 -0.1858 -1.68 1.20

2 5.2250 0.0084 0.0958 0.87 0.43

3 5.3067 0.0207 0.1775 1.61 1.06

4 5.1215 0.0196 -0.0077 -0.07 1.00

5 5.2733 0.0175 0.1442 1.31 0.90

6 5.0650 0.0105 -0.0642 -0.58 0.54

7 5.0267 0.0103 -0.1025 -0.93 0.53

8 5.2833 0.0175 0.1542 1.40 0.90

9 5.1367 0.0137 0.0075 0.07 0.70

10 5.1883 0.0331 0.0592 0.54 1.69

11 5.0728 0.0284 -0.0563 -0.51 1.45

13 5.3123 0.0125 0.1832 1.66 0.64

14 5.0383 0.0194 -0.0908 -0.82 0.99

15 4.9863 0.0263 -0.1428 -1.29 1.35

16 5.2137 0.0128 0.0845 0.77 0.66

17 5.1367 0.0186 0.0075 0.07 0.95

18 5.0383 0.0214 -0.0908 -0.82 1.09

19 5.0770 0.0188 -0.0522 -0.47 0.96

20 5.0733 0.0137 -0.0558 -0.51 0.70

21 5.1883 0.0286 0.0592 0.54 1.46

22 5.0055 0.0116 -0.1237 -1.12 0.59

Average of cell averages = 5.12917 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.11033 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01956 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.11177 

h, k Critical Value = 2.57000, 1.79000 
31

Al2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.7600 0.0460 -0.0667 -0.87 1.88

2 4.7333 0.0207 -0.0933 -1.22 0.85

3 4.7257 0.0414 -0.1010 -1.32 1.70

4 4.8528 0.0411 0.0262 0.34 1.68

5 4.9467 0.0121 0.1200 1.57 0.50

6 4.8350 0.0243 0.0083 0.11 0.99

7 4.7933 0.0082 -0.0333 -0.44 0.33

8 4.9883 0.0133 0.1617 2.12 0.54

9 4.8333 0.0082 0.0067 0.09 0.33

10 4.8467 0.0197 0.0200 0.26 0.80

11 4.8878 0.0088 0.0612 0.80 0.36

13 4.7662 0.0134 -0.0605 -0.79 0.55

14 4.7783 0.0214 -0.0483 -0.63 0.87

15 4.7917 0.0085 -0.0350 -0.46 0.35

16 4.9592 0.0395 0.1325 1.74 1.62

17 4.7883 0.0204 -0.0383 -0.50 0.84

18 4.8333 0.0103 0.0067 0.09 0.42

19 4.8313 0.0273 0.0047 0.06 1.12

20 4.8233 0.0314 -0.0033 -0.04 1.29

21 4.8867 0.0207 0.0600 0.79 0.85

22 4.6983 0.0113 -0.1283 -1.68 0.46

Average of cell averages = 4.82665 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.07627 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02443 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.07946 

h, k Critical Value = 2.57000, 1.79000 
32

Al2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.9483 0.0279 -0.1837 -1.72 1.38

2 5.2117 0.0183 0.0796 0.75 0.91

3 5.3157 0.0284 0.1836 1.72 1.40

4 5.1247 0.0222 -0.0074 -0.07 1.10

5 5.2733 0.0103 0.1413 1.33 0.51

6 5.0650 0.0138 -0.0671 -0.63 0.68

7 5.0250 0.0105 -0.1071 -1.00 0.52

8 5.2783 0.0147 0.1463 1.37 0.73

9 5.1400 0.0110 0.0079 0.07 0.54

10 5.1867 0.0344 0.0546 0.51 1.70

11 5.0717 0.0207 -0.0604 -0.57 1.02

13 5.3052 0.0118 0.1731 1.62 0.58

14 5.0367 0.0207 -0.0954 -0.89 1.02

15 5.0317 0.0171 -0.1004 -0.94 0.85

16 5.2122 0.0111 0.0801 0.75 0.55

17 5.1333 0.0175 0.0013 0.01 0.86

18 5.0333 0.0197 -0.0987 -0.93 0.97

19 5.0877 0.0334 -0.0444 -0.42 1.65

20 5.1017 0.0075 -0.0304 -0.29 0.37

21 5.1917 0.0279 0.0596 0.56 1.38

22 4.9995 0.0149 -0.1326 -1.24 0.74

Average of cell averages = 5.13206 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.10658 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02025 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.10817 

h, k Critical Value = 2.57000, 1.79000 
33

Table 4 Precision Statistics Al2O3 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 2

Al2O3 Glass, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 5.0078 0.0495 0.0216 0.0532 0.06 0.15

2 5.1300 0.0569 0.0223 0.0604 0.06 0.17

Al2O3 Glass, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 5.0085 0.0498 0.0188 0.0526 0.05 0.15

2 5.1330 0.0581 0.0207 0.0611 0.06 0.17

Al2O3 Powder, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 4.8213 0.0773 0.0239 0.0803 0.07 0.22

2 5.1292 0.1103 0.0196 0.1118 0.05 0.31

Al2O3 Powder, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 4.8267 0.0763 0.0244 0.0795 0.07 0.22

2 5.1321 0.1066 0.0203 0.1082 0.06 0.30

Figure 10 Al2O2 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
34

Fe2O3

Figure 11 Box plots for Fe2O3 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
35

Fe2O3 XRF, Cements A B, glass, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 2.7280 0.0158 -0.0083 -0.29 1.15

2 2.7313 0.0338 -0.0050 -0.18 2.46

3 2.7287 0.0034 -0.0077 -0.27 0.25

4 2.7317 0.0041 -0.0047 -0.16 0.30

5 2.7295 0.0025 -0.0068 -0.24 0.18

6 2.7333 0.0052 -0.0030 -0.11 0.38

7 2.6900 0.0089 -0.0463 -1.64 0.65

8 2.7390 0.0064 0.0027 0.09 0.47

9 2.7850 0.0055 0.0487 1.72 0.40

10 2.6900 0.0297 -0.0463 -1.64 2.16

11 2.7383 0.0075 0.0020 0.07 0.55

12 2.7750 0.0130 0.0387 1.37 0.94

13 2.7283 0.0098 -0.0080 -0.28 0.71

14 2.7883 0.0041 0.0520 1.84 0.30

15 2.7283 0.0041 -0.0080 -0.28 0.30

Average of cell averages = 2.73632 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.02832 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01376 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.03098 

h, k Critical Values = 2.47000, 1.77000 
36

Fe2O3 XRF, Cements A B, glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.2225 0.0081 -0.0176 -0.60 0.75

2 4.2363 0.0259 -0.0038 -0.13 2.40

3 4.2460 0.0037 0.0059 0.20 0.35

4 4.2167 0.0082 -0.0234 -0.80 0.76

5 4.2398 0.0052 -0.0003 -0.01 0.49

6 4.2517 0.0075 0.0116 0.40 0.70

7 4.1683 0.0117 -0.0718 -2.46 1.08

8 4.2408 0.0063 0.0007 0.02 0.58

9 4.3000 0.0063 0.0599 2.06 0.59

10 4.2583 0.0194 0.0182 0.63 1.80

11 4.2300 0.0063 -0.0101 -0.35 0.59

12 4.2528 0.0095 0.0127 0.44 0.88

13 4.2300 0.0089 -0.0101 -0.35 0.83

14 4.2767 0.0052 0.0366 1.25 0.48

15 4.2317 0.0041 -0.0084 -0.29 0.38

Average of cell averages = 4.24011 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.02914 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01079 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.03076 

h, k Critical Values = 2.47000, 1.77000 
37

Fe2O3 XRF, Cements A B, glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 2.7250 0.0059 -0.0121 -0.42 0.54

2 2.7333 0.0335 -0.0038 -0.13 3.07

3 2.7295 0.0028 -0.0076 -0.27 0.26

4 2.7317 0.0041 -0.0055 -0.19 0.37

5 2.7313 0.0022 -0.0058 -0.20 0.20

6 2.7367 0.0052 -0.0005 -0.02 0.47

7 2.6917 0.0075 -0.0455 -1.59 0.69

8 2.7423 0.0044 0.0052 0.18 0.40

9 2.7850 0.0055 0.0479 1.67 0.50

10 2.6867 0.0082 -0.0505 -1.76 0.75

11 2.7367 0.0121 -0.0005 -0.02 1.11

12 2.7790 0.0097 0.0419 1.46 0.89

13 2.7300 0.0089 -0.0071 -0.25 0.82

14 2.7867 0.0052 0.0495 1.73 0.47

15 2.7317 0.0075 -0.0055 -0.19 0.69

Average of cell averages = 2.73714 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.02866 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01091 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.03035 

h, k Critical Values = 2.47000, 1.77000 
38

Fe2O3 XRF, Cements A B, glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.2173 0.0096 -0.0225 -0.73 0.55

2 4.2268 0.0286 -0.0130 -0.42 1.65

3 4.2448 0.0038 0.0050 0.16 0.22

4 4.2150 0.0084 -0.0249 -0.81 0.48

5 4.2385 0.0012 -0.0014 -0.04 0.07

6 4.2483 0.0075 0.0085 0.27 0.43

7 4.1667 0.0151 -0.0732 -2.37 0.87

8 4.2450 0.0068 0.0051 0.17 0.39

9 4.2983 0.0075 0.0585 1.89 0.43

10 4.2700 0.0514 0.0301 0.98 2.96

11 4.2317 0.0133 -0.0082 -0.27 0.77

12 4.2603 0.0080 0.0205 0.66 0.46

13 4.2283 0.0098 -0.0115 -0.37 0.57

14 4.2783 0.0041 0.0385 1.25 0.24

15 4.2283 0.0117 -0.0115 -0.37 0.67

Average of cell averages = 4.23986 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.03086 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01734 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.03469 

h, k Critical Values = 2.47000, 1.77000 
39

Fe2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 2.6600 0.0063 -0.0844 -1.92 0.50

2 2.7083 0.0194 -0.0360 -0.82 1.53

4 2.7218 0.0212 -0.0225 -0.51 1.67

5 2.7383 0.0041 -0.0060 -0.14 0.32

6 2.7500 0.0063 0.0056 0.13 0.50

7 2.7233 0.0052 -0.0210 -0.48 0.41

8 2.8317 0.0133 0.0873 1.99 1.05

9 2.7833 0.0327 0.0390 0.89 2.58

10 2.8067 0.0082 0.0623 1.42 0.64

11 2.7887 0.0085 0.0443 1.01 0.67

12 2.6765 0.0098 -0.0679 -1.54 0.77

13 2.7270 0.0095 -0.0174 -0.40 0.75

14 2.7685 0.0164 0.0241 0.55 1.29

15 2.7200 0.0063 -0.0244 -0.55 0.50

16 2.7817 0.0041 0.0373 0.85 0.32

17 2.7066 0.0169 -0.0377 -0.86 1.33

18 2.7468 0.0103 0.0025 0.06 0.82

19 2.7117 0.0160 -0.0327 -0.74 1.26

20 2.7967 0.0052 0.0523 1.19 0.41

21 2.7513 0.0065 0.0070 0.16 0.51

22 2.7117 0.0041 -0.0327 -0.74 0.32

23 2.7100 0.0063 -0.0344 -0.78 0.50

24 2.8000 0.0089 0.0556 1.27 0.71

Average of cell averages = 2.74438 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04396 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01268 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.04546 

h, k Critical Values = 2.59000, 1.79000 
40

Fe2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.2567 0.0137 0.0079 0.19 0.73

2 4.2633 0.0532 0.0146 0.35 2.84

4 4.2250 0.0246 -0.0238 -0.56 1.31

5 4.2333 0.0103 -0.0154 -0.37 0.55

6 4.2450 0.0055 -0.0038 -0.09 0.29

7 4.2500 0.0089 0.0012 0.03 0.48

8 4.3333 0.0082 0.0846 2.00 0.44

9 4.2533 0.0175 0.0046 0.11 0.93

10 4.2917 0.0075 0.0429 1.02 0.40

11 4.3159 0.0110 0.0672 1.59 0.58

12 4.1978 0.0062 -0.0509 -1.21 0.33

13 4.2055 0.0140 -0.0433 -1.02 0.75

14 4.1987 0.0100 -0.0501 -1.19 0.53

15 4.2600 0.0237 0.0113 0.27 1.26

16 4.2717 0.0147 0.0229 0.54 0.79

17 4.2046 0.0137 -0.0442 -1.05 0.73

18 4.3403 0.0450 0.0916 2.17 2.40

19 4.2067 0.0052 -0.0421 -1.00 0.28

20 4.2683 0.0041 0.0196 0.46 0.22

21 4.2651 0.0029 0.0163 0.39 0.16

22 4.2100 0.0063 -0.0388 -0.92 0.34

23 4.2067 0.0121 -0.0421 -1.00 0.65

24 4.2183 0.0117 -0.0304 -0.72 0.62

Average of cell averages = 4.24875 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04222 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01875 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.04555 

h, k Critical Values = 2.59000, 1.79000 
41

Fe2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 2.6533 0.0082 -0.0909 -2.03 0.58

2 2.6933 0.0333 -0.0509 -1.13 2.37

4 2.7228 0.0212 -0.0214 -0.48 1.51

5 2.7400 0.0063 -0.0042 -0.09 0.45

6 2.7467 0.0103 0.0025 0.05 0.74

7 2.7350 0.0105 -0.0092 -0.21 0.75

8 2.8317 0.0160 0.0875 1.95 1.14

9 2.7750 0.0295 0.0308 0.69 2.10

10 2.8067 0.0082 0.0625 1.39 0.58

11 2.7945 0.0105 0.0503 1.12 0.75

12 2.6788 0.0051 -0.0654 -1.46 0.36

13 2.7258 0.0109 -0.0184 -0.41 0.78

14 2.7705 0.0165 0.0263 0.59 1.18

15 2.7217 0.0075 -0.0225 -0.50 0.54

16 2.7850 0.0084 0.0408 0.91 0.60

17 2.7064 0.0173 -0.0378 -0.84 1.23

18 2.7480 0.0097 0.0038 0.08 0.69

19 2.7117 0.0160 -0.0325 -0.73 1.14

20 2.7950 0.0055 0.0508 1.13 0.39

21 2.7465 0.0048 0.0023 0.05 0.34

22 2.7117 0.0041 -0.0325 -0.73 0.29

23 2.7150 0.0055 -0.0292 -0.65 0.39

24 2.8017 0.0075 0.0575 1.28 0.54

Average of cell averages = 2.74421 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04483 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01404 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.04662 

h, k Critical Values = 1.79000, 2.59000 
42

Fe2O3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 4.2600 0.0167 0.0125 0.29 0.92

2 4.2683 0.0504 0.0208 0.48 2.78

4 4.2227 0.0198 -0.0248 -0.57 1.10

5 4.2333 0.0103 -0.0142 -0.33 0.57

6 4.2483 0.0075 0.0008 0.02 0.42

7 4.2433 0.0082 -0.0042 -0.10 0.45

8 4.3350 0.0055 0.0875 2.02 0.30

9 4.2017 0.0223 -0.0458 -1.06 1.23

10 4.2950 0.0055 0.0475 1.10 0.30

11 4.3177 0.0113 0.0703 1.62 0.62

12 4.2007 0.0118 -0.0468 -1.08 0.65

13 4.2120 0.0130 -0.0355 -0.82 0.72

14 4.2000 0.0147 -0.0475 -1.10 0.81

15 4.2483 0.0194 0.0008 0.02 1.07

16 4.2783 0.0147 0.0308 0.71 0.81

17 4.2062 0.0141 -0.0413 -0.95 0.78

18 4.3398 0.0431 0.0923 2.13 2.38

19 4.2083 0.0075 -0.0392 -0.90 0.42

20 4.2683 0.0041 0.0208 0.48 0.23

21 4.2663 0.0042 0.0189 0.44 0.23

22 4.2150 0.0055 -0.0325 -0.75 0.30

23 4.2067 0.0082 -0.0408 -0.94 0.45

24 4.2167 0.0082 -0.0308 -0.71 0.45

Average of cell averages = 4.24748 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04331 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01812 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.04636 

h, k Critical Values = 1.79000, 2.59000 
43

Table 5 Precision Statistics Fe2O3 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 2

Fe2O3 Glass, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 2.7363 0.0283 0.0138 0.0310 0.04 0.09

2 4.2401 0.0291 0.0108 0.0308 0.03 0.09

Fe2O3 Glass, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 2.7371 0.0287 0.0109 0.0303 0.03 0.08

2 4.2399 0.0309 0.0173 0.0347 0.05 0.10

Fe2O3 Powder, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 2.7444 0.0440 0.0127 0.0455 0.04 0.13

2 4.2488 0.0422 0.0187 0.0456 0.05 0.13

Fe2O3 Powder, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 2.7442 0.0448 0.0140 0.0466 0.04 0.13

2 4.2475 0.0433 0.0181 0.0464 0.05 0.13

Figure 12 Fe2O3 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
44

CaO

Figure 13 Box plots for CaO XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
45

CaO XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 64.1400 0.0636 0.2613 0.75 0.60

2 64.1667 0.1593 0.2880 0.82 1.50

3 63.8800 0.1188 0.0013 0.00 1.12

4 63.2650 0.1199 -0.6137 -1.75 1.13

5 63.6978 0.0798 -0.1808 -0.52 0.75

6 64.0700 0.1664 0.1913 0.55 1.57

7 63.6200 0.0856 -0.2587 -0.74 0.81

8 64.3000 0.0465 0.4213 1.20 0.44

9 63.6295 0.1095 -0.2492 -0.71 1.03

10 63.9867 0.0520 0.1080 0.31 0.49

11 63.3730 0.1117 -0.5057 -1.45 1.05

12 64.1167 0.1340 0.2380 0.68 1.26

13 63.8780 0.0258 -0.0007 0.00 0.24

14 64.2683 0.0889 0.3897 1.11 0.84

15 63.2773 0.1387 -0.6013 -1.72 1.31

16 64.3417 0.1221 0.4630 1.32 1.15

17 63.9267 0.0455 0.0480 0.14 0.43

Average of cell averages = 63.87867 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.34980 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.10610 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.36296 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
46

CaO XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 63.7133 0.1498 0.1971 0.58 1.19

2 63.7000 0.2320 0.1838 0.54 1.84

3 63.6033 0.1350 0.0871 0.26 1.07

4 62.8905 0.1192 -0.6257 -1.85 0.95

5 63.4462 0.1039 -0.0701 -0.21 0.82

6 63.7450 0.1787 0.2288 0.68 1.42

7 63.0617 0.0454 -0.4546 -1.34 0.36

8 63.8283 0.0407 0.3121 0.92 0.32

9 62.8667 0.1388 -0.6496 -1.92 1.10

10 63.8050 0.0848 0.2888 0.85 0.67

11 63.0392 0.0276 -0.4771 -1.41 0.22

12 63.7183 0.0567 0.2021 0.60 0.45

13 63.6280 0.0458 0.1118 0.33 0.36

14 63.7733 0.0857 0.2571 0.76 0.68

15 63.4070 0.2229 -0.1092 -0.32 1.77

16 63.7583 0.1560 0.2421 0.72 1.24

17 63.7917 0.0355 0.2754 0.81 0.28

Average of cell averages = 63.51622 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.33836 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.12610 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.35740 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
47

CaO XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 64.1583 0.1206 0.2863 0.79 1.14

2 64.1617 0.1412 0.2897 0.80 1.34

3 63.7717 0.0962 -0.1003 -0.28 0.91

4 63.2313 0.0610 -0.6407 -1.77 0.58

5 63.6963 0.0448 -0.1757 -0.48 0.42

6 64.1283 0.1876 0.2563 0.71 1.78

7 63.6500 0.0600 -0.2220 -0.61 0.57

8 64.3050 0.0532 0.4330 1.19 0.50

9 63.5303 0.0934 -0.3417 -0.94 0.88

10 63.9833 0.1065 0.1113 0.31 1.01

11 63.3885 0.0757 -0.4835 -1.33 0.72

12 64.1483 0.1347 0.2763 0.76 1.28

13 63.8647 0.0214 -0.0073 -0.02 0.20

14 64.2767 0.0301 0.4047 1.12 0.29

15 63.2727 0.1657 -0.5993 -1.65 1.57

16 64.3433 0.1421 0.4713 1.30 1.35

17 63.9133 0.0742 0.0413 0.11 0.70

Average of cell averages = 63.87199 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.36279 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.10558 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.37538 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
48

CaO XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 63.6733 0.1934 0.1711 0.46 1.44

2 63.6983 0.2303 0.1961 0.53 1.71

3 63.6117 0.1606 0.1095 0.29 1.19

4 62.8562 0.1561 -0.6460 -1.74 1.16

5 63.4400 0.0577 -0.0622 -0.17 0.43

6 63.7383 0.1668 0.2361 0.63 1.24

7 62.9967 0.0356 -0.5055 -1.36 0.26

8 63.8200 0.0518 0.3178 0.85 0.39

9 62.7257 0.0616 -0.7765 -2.09 0.46

10 63.8283 0.1333 0.3261 0.88 0.99

11 63.0040 0.0575 -0.4982 -1.34 0.43

12 63.7067 0.0712 0.2045 0.55 0.53

13 63.6203 0.0333 0.1181 0.32 0.25

14 63.8417 0.0833 0.3395 0.91 0.62

15 63.4047 0.2306 -0.0975 -0.26 1.72

16 63.7633 0.1936 0.2611 0.70 1.44

17 63.8083 0.0534 0.3061 0.82 0.40

Average of cell averages = 63.50220 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.37193 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.13443 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.39165 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
49

CaO XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 63.9297 0.1025 -0.1635 -0.45 0.85

2 63.5705 0.1548 -0.5226 -1.45 1.28

3 64.1467 0.1334 0.0536 0.15 1.10

4 64.0683 0.2013 -0.0248 -0.07 1.67

5 63.8833 0.0476 -0.2098 -0.58 0.39

6 64.2200 0.0759 0.1269 0.35 0.63

7 63.7500 0.1278 -0.3431 -0.95 1.06

8 64.0300 0.1401 -0.0631 -0.18 1.16

9 64.0450 0.0914 -0.0481 -0.13 0.76

10 63.8583 0.1395 -0.2348 -0.65 1.16

11 64.7017 0.0567 0.6086 1.69 0.47

12 64.7167 0.1538 0.6236 1.73 1.27

13 64.0217 0.0866 -0.0714 -0.20 0.72

14 63.5695 0.1675 -0.5236 -1.45 1.39

15 64.2267 0.0850 0.1336 0.37 0.70

16 64.0937 0.1335 0.0005 0.00 1.11

17 64.1800 0.0400 0.0869 0.24 0.33

18 63.4662 0.1279 -0.6269 -1.74 1.06

19 63.9800 0.1073 -0.1131 -0.31 0.89

20 64.7093 0.1647 0.6162 1.71 1.36

21 64.7350 0.1178 0.6419 1.78 0.98

22 64.2778 0.0818 0.1847 0.51 0.68

23 63.9617 0.0773 -0.1315 -0.36 0.64

Average of cell averages = 64.09312 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.36027 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.12072 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.37674 

h, k Critical Values = 2.59000, 1.79000 
50

CaO XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 63.5562 0.1137 -0.1417 -0.50 1.11

2 63.4558 0.1165 -0.2420 -0.86 1.14

3 63.7900 0.0925 0.0921 0.33 0.90

4 63.6467 0.0703 -0.0512 -0.18 0.69

5 64.0333 0.0850 0.3355 1.19 0.83

6 63.7083 0.0591 0.0105 0.04 0.58

7 63.2683 0.0900 -0.4295 -1.53 0.88

8 63.5617 0.1134 -0.1362 -0.48 1.11

9 63.7367 0.0665 0.0388 0.14 0.65

10 63.5983 0.0279 -0.0995 -0.35 0.27

11 64.1850 0.0997 0.4871 1.73 0.97

12 64.1817 0.1025 0.4838 1.72 1.00

13 63.4417 0.0479 -0.2562 -0.91 0.47

14 63.3940 0.2189 -0.3039 -1.08 2.14

15 63.7867 0.0561 0.0888 0.32 0.55

16 63.5303 0.0568 -0.1675 -0.60 0.55

17 63.5967 0.0850 -0.1012 -0.36 0.83

18 63.4042 0.1049 -0.2937 -1.05 1.02

19 63.4367 0.1037 -0.2612 -0.93 1.01

20 64.0197 0.1144 0.3218 1.15 1.12

21 64.2733 0.1363 0.5755 2.05 1.33

22 63.8872 0.1513 0.1893 0.67 1.48

23 63.5583 0.0659 -0.1395 -0.50 0.64

Average of cell averages = 63.69785 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.28098 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.10254 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.29616 

h, k Critical Values = 2.59000, 1.79000 
51

CaO XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 63.9270 0.1337 -0.1910 -0.53 1.18

2 63.5670 0.1663 -0.5510 -1.52 1.47

3 64.2083 0.1005 0.0904 0.25 0.89

4 64.1217 0.1155 0.0037 0.01 1.02

5 63.9333 0.0579 -0.1846 -0.51 0.51

6 64.3000 0.0651 0.1820 0.50 0.57

7 63.8967 0.1162 -0.2213 -0.61 1.03

8 64.1133 0.1134 -0.0046 -0.01 1.00

9 64.0717 0.0755 -0.0463 -0.13 0.67

10 63.8350 0.1536 -0.2830 -0.78 1.36

11 64.7167 0.0524 0.5987 1.65 0.46

12 64.7350 0.1247 0.6170 1.71 1.10

13 64.0350 0.1050 -0.0830 -0.23 0.93

14 63.5732 0.1811 -0.5448 -1.51 1.60

15 64.2483 0.0605 0.1304 0.36 0.53

16 64.0127 0.0696 -0.1053 -0.29 0.61

17 64.1950 0.0288 0.0770 0.21 0.25

18 63.4852 0.1265 -0.6328 -1.75 1.12

19 64.0150 0.1283 -0.1030 -0.28 1.13

20 64.7488 0.1806 0.6309 1.74 1.59

21 64.7400 0.1103 0.6220 1.72 0.97

22 64.2910 0.0932 0.1730 0.48 0.82

23 63.9433 0.0753 -0.1746 -0.48 0.66

Average of cell averages = 64.11797 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.36181 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.11330 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.37630 

h, k Critical Values = 2.59000, 1.79000 
52

CaO XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 63.6030 0.0795 -0.1167 -0.42 0.83

2 63.4658 0.1136 -0.2539 -0.92 1.18

3 63.8383 0.1034 0.1186 0.43 1.08

4 63.6700 0.0616 -0.0497 -0.18 0.64

5 64.0017 0.0643 0.2820 1.03 0.67

6 63.7783 0.0608 0.0586 0.21 0.63

7 63.3767 0.0845 -0.3430 -1.25 0.88

8 63.5850 0.0841 -0.1347 -0.49 0.87

9 63.7433 0.0927 0.0236 0.09 0.96

10 63.6083 0.0688 -0.1114 -0.41 0.72

11 64.2083 0.0747 0.4886 1.78 0.78

12 64.2417 0.0838 0.5220 1.90 0.87

13 63.4667 0.0794 -0.2530 -0.92 0.83

14 63.4353 0.2025 -0.2844 -1.04 2.11

15 63.7883 0.0402 0.0686 0.25 0.42

16 63.4985 0.0454 -0.2212 -0.81 0.47

17 63.6167 0.0918 -0.1030 -0.38 0.95

18 63.4195 0.1002 -0.3002 -1.09 1.04

19 63.4617 0.0601 -0.2580 -0.94 0.63

20 64.0592 0.0942 0.3395 1.24 0.98

21 64.2517 0.1339 0.5320 1.94 1.39

22 63.8885 0.1602 0.1688 0.61 1.67

23 63.5467 0.0731 -0.1730 -0.63 0.76

Average of cell averages = 63.71970 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.27469 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.09613 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.28837 

h, k Critical Values = 2.59000, 1.79000 
53

Table 6 Precision Statistics CaO by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 2

CaO Glass, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 63.8787 0.3498 0.1061 0.3630 0.30 1.02

2 63.5162 0.3384 0.1261 0.3574 0.35 1.00

CaO Glass, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 63.8720 0.3628 0.1056 0.3754 0.30 1.05

2 63.5022 0.3719 0.1344 0.3916 0.38 1.10

CaO Powder, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 64.0931 0.3603 0.1207 0.3767 0.34 1.05

2 63.6979 0.2810 0.1025 0.2962 0.29 0.83

CaO Powder, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 64.1180 0.3618 0.1133 0.3763 0.32 1.05

2 63.7197 0.2747 0.0961 0.2884 0.27 0.81

Figure 14 CaO precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
54

MgO

Figure 15 Box plots for MgO XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
55

MgO XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 1.8828 0.0081 -0.0225 -0.81 0.56

2 1.8715 0.0422 -0.0338 -1.22 2.90

3 1.9067 0.0046 0.0013 0.05 0.32

4 1.8983 0.0041 -0.0070 -0.25 0.28

5 1.9037 0.0084 -0.0017 -0.06 0.57

6 1.9050 0.0084 -0.0003 -0.01 0.57

7 1.9867 0.0103 0.0813 2.93 0.71

8 1.9320 0.0049 0.0267 0.96 0.34

9 1.8667 0.0163 -0.0387 -1.39 1.12

10 1.8833 0.0103 -0.0220 -0.79 0.71

11 1.9217 0.0172 0.0163 0.59 1.18

12 1.9317 0.0117 0.0263 0.95 0.80

13 1.8953 0.0173 -0.0100 -0.36 1.19

14 1.8983 0.0075 -0.0070 -0.25 0.52

15 1.8933 0.0137 -0.0120 -0.43 0.94

16 1.9135 0.0044 0.0081 0.29 0.30

17 1.9000 0.0089 -0.0053 -0.19 0.61

Average of cell averages = 1.90532 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.02779 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01457 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.03081 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
56

MgO XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 1.0490 0.0055 -0.0163 -0.75 0.57

2 1.0372 0.0218 -0.0282 -1.30 2.26

3 1.0603 0.0048 -0.0050 -0.23 0.50

4 1.0683 0.0075 0.0030 0.14 0.78

5 1.0662 0.0035 0.0008 0.04 0.36

6 1.0650 0.0055 -0.0003 -0.02 0.57

7 1.1050 0.0105 0.0397 1.83 1.09

8 1.0785 0.0054 0.0132 0.61 0.56

9 1.1050 0.0105 0.0397 1.83 1.09

10 1.0483 0.0041 -0.0170 -0.78 0.42

11 1.1017 0.0117 0.0363 1.67 1.21

12 1.0583 0.0117 -0.0070 -0.32 1.21

13 1.0445 0.0144 -0.0208 -0.96 1.50

14 1.0417 0.0041 -0.0237 -1.09 0.42

15 1.0750 0.0084 0.0097 0.45 0.87

16 1.0600 0.0031 -0.0053 -0.25 0.32

17 1.0467 0.0103 -0.0187 -0.86 1.07

Average of cell averages = 1.06533 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.02171 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00962 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.02342 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
57

MgO XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 1.8907 0.0167 -0.0164 -0.60 1.10

2 1.8750 0.0421 -0.0321 -1.18 2.78

3 1.9087 0.0029 0.0016 0.06 0.19

4 1.8917 0.0075 -0.0154 -0.57 0.50

5 1.9037 0.0072 -0.0034 -0.12 0.47

6 1.9117 0.0117 0.0046 0.17 0.77

7 1.9900 0.0141 0.0829 3.04 0.93

8 1.9298 0.0053 0.0228 0.84 0.35

9 1.8767 0.0163 -0.0304 -1.12 1.08

10 1.8800 0.0063 -0.0271 -0.99 0.42

11 1.9167 0.0121 0.0096 0.35 0.80

12 1.9350 0.0055 0.0279 1.03 0.36

13 1.9130 0.0224 0.0059 0.22 1.48

14 1.9000 0.0155 -0.0071 -0.26 1.02

15 1.8967 0.0082 -0.0104 -0.38 0.54

16 1.9076 0.0048 0.0005 0.02 0.32

17 1.8933 0.0082 -0.0137 -0.50 0.54

Average of cell averages = 1.90706 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.02725 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01517 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.03056 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
58

MgO XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 1.0452 0.0040 -0.0196 -1.22 0.46

2 1.0435 0.0229 -0.0213 -1.32 2.62

3 1.0598 0.0050 -0.0050 -0.31 0.58

4 1.0667 0.0103 0.0019 0.12 1.19

5 1.0648 0.0025 0.0000 0.00 0.29

6 1.0667 0.0052 0.0019 0.12 0.59

7 1.0967 0.0052 0.0319 1.98 0.59

8 1.0738 0.0065 0.0090 0.56 0.75

9 1.0933 0.0103 0.0285 1.77 1.19

10 1.0483 0.0041 -0.0165 -1.02 0.47

11 1.0850 0.0084 0.0202 1.25 0.96

12 1.0683 0.0075 0.0035 0.22 0.86

13 1.0585 0.0118 -0.0063 -0.39 1.36

14 1.0500 0.0063 -0.0148 -0.92 0.73

15 1.0750 0.0055 0.0102 0.63 0.63

16 1.0574 0.0011 -0.0074 -0.46 0.13

17 1.0483 0.0075 -0.0165 -1.02 0.86

Average of cell averages = 1.06479 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01613 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00871 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01798 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
59

MgO XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 1.9733 0.0137 0.1191 1.82 1.14

2 1.8267 0.0082 -0.0275 -0.42 0.68

3 1.7952 0.0147 -0.0590 -0.90 1.23

4 1.7403 0.0065 -0.1139 -1.74 0.54

5 1.9083 0.0183 0.0541 0.83 1.54

6 1.8450 0.0138 -0.0092 -0.14 1.16

7 1.8383 0.0133 -0.0159 -0.24 1.11

8 1.9317 0.0041 0.0775 1.18 0.34

9 1.8450 0.0084 -0.0092 -0.14 0.70

10 1.9933 0.0151 0.1391 2.12 1.26

12 1.9183 0.0133 0.0641 0.98 1.11

13 1.9121 0.0041 0.0579 0.88 0.34

14 1.8062 0.0118 -0.0480 -0.73 0.99

17 1.8163 0.0102 -0.0379 -0.58 0.85

18 1.7733 0.0207 -0.0809 -1.23 1.73

19 1.8317 0.0041 -0.0225 -0.34 0.34

20 1.9050 0.0138 0.0508 0.78 1.16

21 1.8161 0.0093 -0.0381 -0.58 0.78

23 1.8183 0.0098 -0.0359 -0.55 0.82

25 1.8235 0.0072 -0.0307 -0.47 0.60

26 1.8200 0.0126 -0.0342 -0.52 1.06

Average of cell averages = 1.85419 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.06550 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01193 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.06640 

h, k Critical Values = 2.57000, 1.79000 
60

MgO XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 1.1483 0.0147 0.0467 0.75 1.36

2 1.1200 0.0110 0.0184 0.29 1.01

3 1.1423 0.0105 0.0407 0.65 0.97

4 1.0102 0.0204 -0.0915 -1.46 1.89

5 1.0833 0.0121 -0.0183 -0.29 1.12

6 1.0900 0.0089 -0.0116 -0.19 0.83

7 1.0600 0.0110 -0.0416 -0.66 1.01

8 1.1300 0.0089 0.0284 0.45 0.83

9 1.1050 0.0055 0.0034 0.05 0.51

10 1.2583 0.0041 0.1567 2.50 0.38

12 1.1867 0.0137 0.0850 1.36 1.26

13 1.1969 0.0065 0.0952 1.52 0.60

14 1.1198 0.0124 0.0182 0.29 1.15

17 1.0717 0.0049 -0.0300 -0.48 0.45

18 1.0500 0.0179 -0.0516 -0.82 1.65

19 1.0583 0.0075 -0.0433 -0.69 0.70

20 1.1383 0.0117 0.0367 0.59 1.08

21 1.0504 0.0093 -0.0513 -0.82 0.86

23 1.0417 0.0075 -0.0600 -0.96 0.70

25 1.0245 0.0019 -0.0771 -1.23 0.18

26 1.0483 0.0075 -0.0533 -0.85 0.70

Average of cell averages = 1.10162 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.06267 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01082 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.06344 

h, k Critical Values = 2.57000, 1.79000 
61

MgO XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 1.9717 0.0299 0.1176 1.77 2.33

2 1.8267 0.0103 -0.0274 -0.41 0.80

3 1.7955 0.0124 -0.0586 -0.88 0.97

4 1.7405 0.0071 -0.1136 -1.71 0.55

5 1.9133 0.0137 0.0592 0.89 1.06

6 1.8433 0.0052 -0.0108 -0.16 0.40

7 1.8417 0.0194 -0.0124 -0.19 1.51

8 1.9300 0.0089 0.0759 1.15 0.70

9 1.8467 0.0082 -0.0074 -0.11 0.64

10 1.9933 0.0151 0.1392 2.10 1.17

12 1.9233 0.0052 0.0692 1.04 0.40

13 1.9139 0.0046 0.0598 0.90 0.36

14 1.7990 0.0170 -0.0551 -0.83 1.32

17 1.8163 0.0116 -0.0378 -0.57 0.90

18 1.7667 0.0197 -0.0874 -1.32 1.53

19 1.8333 0.0052 -0.0208 -0.31 0.40

20 1.9017 0.0117 0.0476 0.72 0.91

21 1.8145 0.0087 -0.0397 -0.60 0.67

23 1.8233 0.0121 -0.0308 -0.46 0.94

25 1.8184 0.0051 -0.0357 -0.54 0.40

26 1.8233 0.0052 -0.0308 -0.46 0.40

Average of cell averages = 1.85412 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.06626 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01285 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.06729 

h, k Critical Values = 2.57000, 1.79000 
62

MgO XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 1.1333 0.0151 0.0334 0.53 1.42

2 1.1317 0.0098 0.0317 0.51 0.92

3 1.1433 0.0069 0.0434 0.69 0.65

4 1.0103 0.0200 -0.0896 -1.43 1.88

5 1.0700 0.0210 -0.0299 -0.48 1.97

6 1.0900 0.0063 -0.0099 -0.16 0.59

7 1.0550 0.0122 -0.0449 -0.72 1.15

8 1.1317 0.0075 0.0317 0.51 0.71

9 1.1050 0.0055 0.0051 0.08 0.52

10 1.2533 0.0052 0.1534 2.45 0.49

12 1.1883 0.0147 0.0884 1.41 1.38

13 1.1979 0.0032 0.0980 1.57 0.30

14 1.1070 0.0061 0.0071 0.11 0.58

17 1.0725 0.0034 -0.0274 -0.44 0.32

18 1.0367 0.0121 -0.0633 -1.01 1.14

19 1.0617 0.0075 -0.0383 -0.61 0.71

20 1.1383 0.0147 0.0384 0.61 1.38

21 1.0493 0.0085 -0.0506 -0.81 0.80

23 1.0467 0.0052 -0.0533 -0.85 0.49

25 1.0246 0.0029 -0.0753 -1.20 0.27

26 1.0517 0.0075 -0.0483 -0.77 0.71

Average of cell averages = 1.09992 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.06252 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01063 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.06327 

h, k Critical Values = 2.57000, 1.79000 
63

Table 7 Precision Statistics CaO by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 2

MgO, Glass, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 1.9053 0.0278 0.0146 0.0308 0.04 0.09

2 1.0653 0.0217 0.0096 0.0234 0.03 0.07

MgO, Glass, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 1.9071 0.0272 0.0152 0.0306 0.04 0.09

2 1.0648 0.0161 0.0087 0.0180 0.02 0.05

MgO, Powder, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 1.8542 0.0655 0.0119 0.0664 0.03 0.19

2 1.1016 0.0627 0.0108 0.0634 0.03 0.18

MgO, Powder, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 1.8541 0.0663 0.0128 0.0673 0.04 0.19

2 1.0999 0.0625 0.0106 0.0633 0.03 0.18

Figure 16 MgO precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
64

SO3

Figure 17 Box plots for SO3 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
65

SO3 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 2.8783 0.0223 0.0270 0.56 0.93

2 2.8483 0.0223 -0.0030 -0.06 0.93

3 2.7650 0.0315 -0.0863 -1.80 1.31

4 2.8285 0.0244 -0.0228 -0.48 1.02

5 2.8458 0.0637 -0.0055 -0.11 2.66

6 2.8382 0.0185 -0.0132 -0.27 0.77

7 2.9002 0.0141 0.0488 1.02 0.59

8 2.8733 0.0103 0.0220 0.46 0.43

9 2.8038 0.0238 -0.0475 -0.99 0.99

10 2.7815 0.0191 -0.0698 -1.46 0.80

11 2.9433 0.0034 0.0920 1.92 0.14

12 2.8883 0.0248 0.0370 0.77 1.04

13 2.8667 0.0121 0.0153 0.32 0.51

14 2.9133 0.0052 0.0620 1.29 0.22

15 2.8150 0.0084 -0.0363 -0.76 0.35

16 2.8317 0.0098 -0.0197 -0.41 0.41

Average of cell averages = 2.85133 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04798 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02396 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.05274 

h, k Critical Values = 2.49000, 1.77000 
66

SO3 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 3.6217 0.0133 0.0491 0.64 0.53

2 3.5783 0.0279 0.0057 0.07 1.11

3 3.3883 0.0172 -0.1843 -2.40 0.69

4 3.5190 0.0125 -0.0536 -0.70 0.50

5 3.5933 0.0426 0.0207 0.27 1.70

6 3.5367 0.0140 -0.0359 -0.47 0.56

7 3.6270 0.0406 0.0544 0.71 1.62

8 3.6483 0.0204 0.0757 0.99 0.81

9 3.6090 0.0210 0.0364 0.47 0.84

10 3.4330 0.0477 -0.1396 -1.82 1.90

11 3.6722 0.0099 0.0996 1.30 0.40

12 3.5700 0.0297 -0.0026 -0.03 1.18

13 3.6200 0.0190 0.0474 0.62 0.76

14 3.6350 0.0055 0.0624 0.81 0.22

15 3.5283 0.0098 -0.0443 -0.58 0.39

16 3.5817 0.0194 0.0091 0.12 0.77

Average of cell averages = 3.57261 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.07685 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02505 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.08018 

h, k Critical Values = 2.49000, 1.77000 
67

SO3 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 2.8767 0.0151 0.0251 0.52 0.66

2 2.8500 0.0179 -0.0015 -0.03 0.78

3 2.7633 0.0403 -0.0882 -1.83 1.77

4 2.8262 0.0211 -0.0254 -0.53 0.93

5 2.8500 0.0605 -0.0015 -0.03 2.65

6 2.8417 0.0238 -0.0099 -0.20 1.04

7 2.9003 0.0123 0.0488 1.01 0.54

8 2.8783 0.0133 0.0268 0.56 0.58

9 2.8000 0.0116 -0.0515 -1.07 0.51

10 2.7828 0.0156 -0.0687 -1.43 0.69

11 2.9417 0.0047 0.0901 1.87 0.21

12 2.8867 0.0151 0.0351 0.73 0.66

13 2.8633 0.0163 0.0118 0.25 0.72

14 2.9150 0.0055 0.0635 1.32 0.24

15 2.8150 0.0105 -0.0365 -0.76 0.46

16 2.8333 0.0103 -0.0182 -0.38 0.45

Average of cell averages = 2.85152 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04818 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02279 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.05248 

h, k Critical Values = 2.49000, 1.77000 
68

SO3 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 3.6333 0.0339 0.0695 0.80 0.32

2 3.5883 0.0299 0.0245 0.28 0.29

3 3.3917 0.0133 -0.1722 -1.97 0.13

4 3.5223 0.0205 -0.0415 -0.48 0.20

5 3.5815 0.0448 0.0176 0.20 0.43

6 3.5513 0.0150 -0.0125 -0.14 0.14

7 3.6283 0.0442 0.0645 0.74 0.42

8 3.6483 0.0075 0.0845 0.97 0.07

9 3.6107 0.0275 0.0468 0.54 0.26

10 3.4338 0.0450 -0.1300 -1.49 0.43

11 3.6688 0.0101 0.1050 1.20 0.10

12 3.4050 0.4048 -0.1589 -1.82 3.88

13 3.6183 0.0194 0.0545 0.62 0.19

14 3.6367 0.0082 0.0728 0.83 0.08

15 3.5217 0.0147 -0.0422 -0.48 0.14

16 3.5817 0.0133 0.0178 0.20 0.13

Average of cell averages = 3.56386 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.08729 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.10441 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.12924 

h, k Critical Values = 2.49000, 1.77000 
69

SO3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 2.8200 0.0179 -0.0865 -0.95 0.81

2 2.7333 0.0103 -0.1731 -1.90 0.47

3 2.8917 0.0098 -0.0148 -0.16 0.44

4 2.9000 0.0155 -0.0065 -0.07 0.70

5 2.9260 0.0345 0.0195 0.21 1.56

6 2.9267 0.0082 0.0202 0.22 0.37

7 2.9432 0.0473 0.0367 0.40 2.13

8 2.9767 0.0151 0.0702 0.77 0.68

9 2.7558 0.0070 -0.1507 -1.65 0.31

10 2.9350 0.0187 0.0285 0.31 0.84

11 2.9853 0.0281 0.0789 0.86 1.26

12 2.9065 0.0088 0.0000 0.00 0.40

13 2.9167 0.0242 0.0102 0.11 1.09

14 2.9510 0.0397 0.0445 0.49 1.79

15 2.9083 0.0172 0.0019 0.02 0.78

16 2.8983 0.0117 -0.0081 -0.09 0.53

17 2.9117 0.0117 0.0052 0.06 0.53

18 2.9149 0.0235 0.0085 0.09 1.06

19 3.1517 0.0232 0.2452 2.69 1.04

20 2.9133 0.0121 0.0069 0.08 0.55

21 2.9259 0.0121 0.0194 0.21 0.54

22 2.9517 0.0183 0.0452 0.50 0.83

23 2.9317 0.0223 0.0252 0.28 1.00

24 2.6800 0.0335 -0.2265 -2.48 1.51

Average of cell averages = 2.90647 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.09120 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02219 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.09342 

h, k Critical Values = 2.6000, 1.79000 
70

Initial Preparation of Test Result Data for Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 3.4583 0.0133 -0.0925 -0.66 0.50

2 3.3850 0.0084 -0.1658 -1.19 0.31

3 3.5733 0.0121 0.0225 0.16 0.45

4 3.5833 0.0137 0.0325 0.23 0.51

5 3.6122 0.0229 0.0614 0.44 0.86

6 3.5333 0.0250 -0.0175 -0.13 0.94

7 3.6287 0.0414 0.0779 0.56 1.56

8 3.7317 0.0264 0.1809 1.30 0.99

9 3.3085 0.0140 -0.2423 -1.74 0.53

10 3.6217 0.0183 0.0709 0.51 0.69

11 3.7017 0.0380 0.1509 1.08 1.43

12 3.6087 0.0085 0.0579 0.42 0.32

13 3.4567 0.0327 -0.0941 -0.68 1.23

14 3.5835 0.0240 0.0327 0.23 0.90

15 3.6217 0.0232 0.0709 0.51 0.87

16 3.6167 0.0121 0.0659 0.47 0.45

17 3.1650 0.0259 -0.3858 -2.77 0.97

18 3.6148 0.0393 0.0640 0.46 1.48

19 3.7883 0.0147 0.2375 1.71 0.55

20 3.6050 0.0295 0.0542 0.39 1.11

21 3.5445 0.0123 -0.0063 -0.05 0.46

22 3.5450 0.0235 -0.0058 -0.04 0.88

23 3.5883 0.0382 0.0375 0.27 1.43

24 3.3433 0.0550 -0.2075 -1.49 2.07

Average of cell averages = 3.55080 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.13932 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02662 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.14142 

h, k Critical Values = 2.6000, 1.79000 
71

SO3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 2.8217 0.0194 -0.0848 -0.92 0.89

2 2.7467 0.0082 -0.1598 -1.74 0.38

3 2.8983 0.0117 -0.0082 -0.09 0.54

4 2.9067 0.0151 0.0002 0.00 0.69

5 2.9267 0.0342 0.0202 0.22 1.57

6 2.9267 0.0052 0.0202 0.22 0.24

7 2.9443 0.0487 0.0378 0.41 2.24

8 2.9800 0.0167 0.0735 0.80 0.77

9 2.7500 0.0069 -0.1565 -1.70 0.32

10 2.9350 0.0105 0.0285 0.31 0.48

11 2.9782 0.0261 0.0717 0.78 1.20

12 2.9080 0.0060 0.0015 0.02 0.27

13 2.9217 0.0223 0.0152 0.17 1.02

14 2.9507 0.0420 0.0442 0.48 1.93

15 2.9067 0.0294 0.0002 0.00 1.35

16 2.9017 0.0075 -0.0048 -0.05 0.35

17 2.9150 0.0084 0.0085 0.09 0.38

18 2.9170 0.0254 0.0105 0.11 1.17

19 3.1517 0.0223 0.2452 2.67 1.02

20 2.9100 0.0126 0.0035 0.04 0.58

21 2.9260 0.0123 0.0195 0.21 0.57

22 2.9550 0.0187 0.0485 0.53 0.86

23 2.9133 0.0103 0.0068 0.07 0.47

24 2.6650 0.0259 -0.2415 -2.63 1.19

Average of cell averages = 2.90649 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.09196 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02176 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.09408 

h, k Critical Values = 2.60000, 1.79000 
72

SO3 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 3.4600 0.0155 -0.0921 -0.67 0.64

2 3.3983 0.0098 -0.1538 -1.11 0.40

3 3.5750 0.0176 0.0229 0.17 0.73

4 3.5900 0.0110 0.0379 0.27 0.45

5 3.6128 0.0217 0.0607 0.44 0.89

6 3.5450 0.0308 -0.0071 -0.05 1.27

7 3.6270 0.0390 0.0749 0.54 1.60

8 3.7317 0.0264 0.1795 1.30 1.09

9 3.3030 0.0164 -0.2491 -1.80 0.68

10 3.6200 0.0155 0.0679 0.49 0.64

11 3.7005 0.0367 0.1484 1.07 1.51

12 3.6133 0.0061 0.0612 0.44 0.25

13 3.4583 0.0319 -0.0938 -0.68 1.31

14 3.5858 0.0236 0.0337 0.24 0.97

15 3.6100 0.0141 0.0579 0.42 0.58

16 3.6183 0.0133 0.0662 0.48 0.55

17 3.1617 0.0299 -0.3905 -2.83 1.23

18 3.6172 0.0382 0.0650 0.47 1.57

19 3.7883 0.0147 0.2362 1.71 0.61

20 3.6050 0.0243 0.0529 0.38 1.00

21 3.5466 0.0137 -0.0055 -0.04 0.57

22 3.5417 0.0194 -0.0105 -0.08 0.80

23 3.5800 0.0283 0.0279 0.20 1.16

24 3.3617 0.0371 -0.1905 -1.38 1.53

Average of cell averages = 3.55214 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.13804 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.02428 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.13980 

h, k Critical Values = 2.60000, 1.79000 
73

Table 8 Precision Statistics SO3 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 2.

SO3 Glass, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 2.8513 0.0480 0.0240 0.0527 0.07 0.15

2 3.5726 0.0769 0.0250 0.0802 0.07 0.22

SO3 Glass, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 2.8515 0.0482 0.0228 0.0525 0.06 0.15

2 3.5639 0.0873 0.1044 0.1292 0.29 0.36

SO3 Powder, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 2.9065 0.0912 0.0222 0.0934 0.06 0.26

2 3.5508 0.1393 0.0266 0.1414 0.07 0.40

SO3 Powder, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 2.9065 0.0920 0.0218 0.0941 0.06 0.26

2 3.5521 0.1380 0.0243 0.1398 0.07 0.39

Figure 18 SO3 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
74

Na2O

Figure 19 Box plots for Na2O XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
75

Na2O XRF, Cements A B, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.1950 0.0055 -0.0148 -1.06 0.61

2 0.1983 0.0041 -0.0115 -0.82 0.46

3 0.2350 0.0138 0.0252 1.80 1.55

4 0.2083 0.0098 -0.0015 -0.10 1.10

5 0.2023 0.0057 -0.0075 -0.53 0.64

6 0.2105 0.0005 0.0007 0.05 0.05

7 0.1867 0.0082 -0.0231 -1.65 0.92

8 0.2182 0.0065 0.0084 0.60 0.73

9 0.2300 0.0141 0.0202 1.44 1.59

10 0.2056 0.0036 -0.0042 -0.30 0.41

11 0.2097 0.0051 -0.0001 -0.01 0.57

12 0.2133 0.0082 0.0035 0.25 0.92

13 0.2293 0.0181 0.0195 1.39 2.03

14 0.2115 0.0052 0.0017 0.12 0.58

15 0.1932 0.0076 -0.0166 -1.19 0.85

Average of cell averages = 0.20979 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01401 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00892 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01620 

h, k Critical Values = 2.47000, 1.77000 
76

Na2O XRF, Cements A B, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0417 0.0117 -0.0153 -0.67 1.51

2 0.0617 0.0075 0.0047 0.21 0.97

3 0.0967 0.0103 0.0397 1.75 1.34

4 0.0450 0.0055 -0.0119 -0.53 0.71

5 0.0587 0.0028 0.0017 0.08 0.36

6 0.0556 0.0003 -0.0013 -0.06 0.04

7 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0569 -2.51 0.00

8 0.0710 0.0022 0.0141 0.62 0.28

9 0.0900 0.0110 0.0331 1.46 1.42

10 0.0456 0.0041 -0.0114 -0.50 0.52

11 0.0418 0.0073 -0.0151 -0.66 0.94

12 0.0633 0.0052 0.0064 0.28 0.67

13 0.0697 0.0156 0.0127 0.56 2.02

14 0.0650 0.0035 0.0081 0.36 0.45

15 0.0482 0.0091 -0.0088 -0.39 1.17

Average of cell averages = 0.05692 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.02270 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00773 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.02378 

h, k Critical Values = 2.47000, 1.77000 
77

Na2O XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.1950 0.0105 -0.0148 -1.18 1.26

2 0.2000 0.0063 -0.0098 -0.78 0.76

3 0.2350 0.0138 0.0252 2.02 1.66

4 0.2100 0.0063 0.0002 0.02 0.76

5 0.2023 0.0023 -0.0074 -0.59 0.28

6 0.2102 0.0009 0.0004 0.03 0.11

7 0.1900 0.0126 -0.0198 -1.58 1.52

8 0.2190 0.0085 0.0092 0.74 1.02

9 0.2283 0.0117 0.0186 1.49 1.41

10 0.2120 0.0035 0.0022 0.18 0.43

11 0.2057 0.0057 -0.0041 -0.33 0.68

12 0.2083 0.0075 -0.0014 -0.11 0.91

13 0.2223 0.0107 0.0126 1.01 1.29

14 0.2115 0.0036 0.0017 0.14 0.43

15 0.1967 0.0073 -0.0131 -1.05 0.88

Average of cell averages = 0.20975 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01249 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00831 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01461 

h, k Critical Values = 2.47000, 1.77000 
78

Na2O XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0450 0.0084 -0.0179 -0.64 0.19

2 0.0583 0.0075 -0.0046 -0.16 0.18

3 0.1067 0.0175 0.0437 1.56 0.41

4 0.0467 0.0103 -0.0163 -0.58 0.24

5 0.0570 0.0025 -0.0059 -0.21 0.06

6 0.0557 0.0007 -0.0072 -0.26 0.02

7 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0629 -2.25 0.00

8 0.0700 0.0027 0.0071 0.25 0.06

9 0.0933 0.0052 0.0304 1.09 0.12

10 0.1141 0.1626 0.0511 1.83 3.78

11 0.0447 0.0080 -0.0183 -0.65 0.19

12 0.0633 0.0052 0.0004 0.01 0.12

13 0.0777 0.0202 0.0147 0.53 0.47

14 0.0643 0.0028 0.0014 0.05 0.07

15 0.0472 0.0129 -0.0158 -0.56 0.30

Average of cell averages = 0.06293 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.02798 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.04297 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.04818 

h, k Critical Values = 2.47000, 1.77000 
79

Na2O XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.2000 0.0000 0.0138 0.71 0.00

2 0.1817 0.0041 -0.0045 -0.23 0.82

3 0.1773 0.0022 -0.0088 -0.46 0.43

4 0.1817 0.0117 -0.0045 -0.23 2.34

5 0.2027 0.0063 0.0165 0.85 1.26

6 0.2000 0.0000 0.0138 0.71 0.00

7 0.1517 0.0041 -0.0345 -1.78 0.82

8 0.2100 0.0000 0.0238 1.23 0.00

9 0.1883 0.0041 0.0022 0.11 0.82

10 0.2000 0.0063 0.0138 0.71 1.26

11 0.2083 0.0041 0.0222 1.14 0.82

12 0.2055 0.0015 0.0193 1.00 0.30

13 0.2055 0.0024 0.0193 1.00 0.49

14 0.1769 0.0010 -0.0093 -0.48 0.20

15 0.1475 0.0049 -0.0387 -2.00 0.98

16 0.1817 0.0041 -0.0045 -0.23 0.82

17 0.1548 0.0069 -0.0313 -1.62 1.37

18 0.1758 0.0035 -0.0103 -0.53 0.70

19 0.2102 0.0071 0.0240 1.24 1.42

20 0.1683 0.0098 -0.0178 -0.92 1.96

21 0.1877 0.0049 0.0015 0.08 0.98

22 0.2105 0.0019 0.0243 1.26 0.37

23 0.1684 0.0015 -0.0177 -0.91 0.29

24 0.1733 0.0052 -0.0128 -0.66 1.03

Average of cell averages = 0.18616 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01936 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00500 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01990 

h, k Critical Values = 2.60000, 1.79000 
80

Na2O XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0550 0.0055 0.0024 0.13 0.92

2 0.0517 0.0041 -0.0010 -0.05 0.69

3 0.0583 0.0052 0.0057 0.31 0.87

4 0.0650 0.0055 0.0124 0.68 0.92

5 0.0687 0.0053 0.0161 0.88 0.89

6 0.0700 0.0000 0.0174 0.95 0.00

7 0.0150 0.0055 -0.0376 -2.07 0.92

8 0.0600 0.0000 0.0074 0.40 0.00

9 0.0450 0.0055 -0.0076 -0.42 0.92

10 0.0517 0.0041 -0.0010 -0.05 0.69

11 0.0750 0.0055 0.0224 1.23 0.92

12 0.0668 0.0015 0.0142 0.78 0.25

13 0.0843 0.0023 0.0317 1.74 0.39

14 0.0457 0.0003 -0.0070 -0.38 0.05

15 0.0088 0.0038 -0.0438 -2.41 0.64

16 0.0250 0.0084 -0.0276 -1.52 1.41

17 0.0482 0.0199 -0.0045 -0.25 3.34

18 0.0413 0.0023 -0.0113 -0.62 0.39

19 0.0580 0.0073 0.0054 0.29 1.23

20 0.0467 0.0052 -0.0060 -0.33 0.87

21 0.0725 0.0047 0.0199 1.09 0.79

22 0.0627 0.0031 0.0100 0.55 0.52

23 0.0479 0.0028 -0.0048 -0.26 0.47

24 0.0400 0.0000 -0.0126 -0.69 0.00

Average of cell averages = 0.05264 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01819 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00595 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01898 

h, k Critical Values = 2.60000, 1.79000 
81

Na2O XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.2000 0.0000 0.0132 0.68 0.00

2 0.1833 0.0052 -0.0035 -0.18 0.98

3 0.1783 0.0027 -0.0085 -0.44 0.52

4 0.1867 0.0052 -0.0002 -0.01 0.98

5 0.2033 0.0064 0.0165 0.85 1.21

6 0.2000 0.0000 0.0132 0.68 0.00

7 0.1517 0.0041 -0.0352 -1.81 0.77

8 0.2100 0.0000 0.0232 1.19 0.00

9 0.1900 0.0000 0.0032 0.16 0.00

10 0.2000 0.0063 0.0132 0.68 1.20

11 0.2050 0.0055 0.0182 0.94 1.04

12 0.2058 0.0013 0.0190 0.98 0.25

13 0.2073 0.0023 0.0205 1.06 0.44

14 0.1767 0.0003 -0.0102 -0.52 0.05

15 0.1490 0.0020 -0.0378 -1.95 0.38

16 0.1850 0.0055 -0.0018 -0.10 1.04

17 0.1528 0.0087 -0.0340 -1.75 1.64

18 0.1757 0.0039 -0.0112 -0.58 0.74

19 0.2143 0.0132 0.0275 1.42 2.49

20 0.1700 0.0089 -0.0168 -0.87 1.69

21 0.1870 0.0064 0.0002 0.01 1.22

22 0.2092 0.0031 0.0223 1.15 0.58

23 0.1665 0.0042 -0.0203 -1.05 0.80

24 0.1767 0.0052 -0.0102 -0.53 0.98

Average of cell averages = 0.18685 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01938 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00528 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01997 

h, k Critical Values = 2.60000, 1.79000 
82

Na2O XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0550 0.0055 0.0029 0.16 1.08

2 0.0533 0.0052 0.0013 0.07 1.02

3 0.0603 0.0059 0.0083 0.46 1.16

4 0.0633 0.0052 0.0113 0.62 1.02

5 0.0685 0.0066 0.0165 0.91 1.29

6 0.0700 0.0000 0.0179 0.99 0.00

7 0.0150 0.0055 -0.0371 -2.05 1.08

8 0.0600 0.0000 0.0079 0.44 0.00

9 0.0450 0.0055 -0.0071 -0.39 1.08

10 0.0517 0.0041 -0.0004 -0.02 0.81

11 0.0750 0.0055 0.0229 1.27 1.08

12 0.0658 0.0013 0.0138 0.76 0.26

13 0.0835 0.0008 0.0314 1.74 0.17

14 0.0456 0.0002 -0.0065 -0.36 0.03

15 0.0140 0.0017 -0.0381 -2.11 0.33

16 0.0250 0.0084 -0.0271 -1.50 1.65

17 0.0322 0.0137 -0.0199 -1.10 2.70

18 0.0435 0.0029 -0.0086 -0.47 0.58

19 0.0590 0.0034 0.0069 0.38 0.67

20 0.0417 0.0041 -0.0104 -0.58 0.81

21 0.0717 0.0058 0.0196 1.08 1.15

22 0.0632 0.0027 0.0111 0.61 0.54

23 0.0475 0.0026 -0.0045 -0.25 0.52

24 0.0400 0.0000 -0.0121 -0.67 0.00

Average of cell averages = 0.05208 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01807 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00506 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01865 

h, k Critical Values = 2.60000, 1.79000 
83

Table 9 Precision Statistics Na2O by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 2.

Na2O Glass, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.2098 0.0140 0.0089 0.0162 0.02 0.05

2 0.0569 0.0227 0.0077 0.0238 0.02 0.07

Na2O Glass, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.2098 0.0125 0.0083 0.0146 0.02 0.04

2 0.0629 0.0280 0.0430 0.0482 0.12 0.13

Na2O Powder, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.1862 0.0194 0.0050 0.0199 0.01 0.06

2 0.0526 0.0182 0.0060 0.0190 0.02 0.05

Na2O Powder, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.1868 0.0194 0.0053 0.0200 0.01 0.06

2 0.0521 0.0181 0.0051 0.0187 0.01 0.05

Figure 20 Na2O precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
84

K2O

Figure 21 Box plots for K2O XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
85

K2O XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.6800 0.0000 -0.0064 -0.67 0.00

2 0.6800 0.0000 -0.0064 -0.67 0.00

3 0.6878 0.0042 0.0014 0.14 0.97

4 0.7067 0.0052 0.0202 2.09 1.21

5 0.6917 0.0041 0.0052 0.54 0.95

6 0.6817 0.0075 -0.0048 -0.49 1.76

7 0.6985 0.0020 0.0121 1.25 0.47

8 0.6767 0.0028 -0.0098 -1.01 0.65

9 0.7050 0.0055 0.0186 1.92 1.28

10 0.6742 0.0060 -0.0123 -1.27 1.40

11 0.6850 0.0055 -0.0014 -0.15 1.28

12 0.6834 0.0019 -0.0031 -0.32 0.44

13 0.6897 0.0015 0.0032 0.33 0.35

14 0.6883 0.0041 0.0019 0.20 0.95

15 0.6843 0.0033 -0.0021 -0.22 0.76

16 0.6733 0.0052 -0.0131 -1.36 1.21

17 0.6833 0.0052 -0.0031 -0.32 1.21

Average of cell averages = 0.68645 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00966 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00428 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01042 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
86

K2O XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3817 0.0041 -0.0017 -0.33 1.16

2 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0034 -0.66 0.00

3 0.3890 0.0022 0.0056 1.10 0.62

4 0.3850 0.0055 0.0016 0.32 1.56

5 0.3917 0.0041 0.0083 1.62 1.16

6 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0034 -0.66 0.00

7 0.3932 0.0013 0.0098 1.92 0.36

8 0.3808 0.0017 -0.0025 -0.49 0.49

9 0.3850 0.0055 0.0016 0.32 1.56

10 0.3828 0.0044 -0.0005 -0.10 1.24

11 0.3817 0.0041 -0.0017 -0.33 1.16

12 0.3782 0.0014 -0.0052 -1.02 0.41

13 0.3862 0.0017 0.0028 0.55 0.49

14 0.3883 0.0041 0.0050 0.97 1.16

15 0.3803 0.0048 -0.0030 -0.59 1.37

16 0.3733 0.0052 -0.0100 -1.96 1.47

17 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0034 -0.66 0.00

Average of cell averages = 0.38336 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00511 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00351 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00604 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
87

K2O XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.6733 0.0082 -0.0130 -1.29 1.70

2 0.6800 0.0000 -0.0064 -0.63 0.00

3 0.6900 0.0037 0.0036 0.36 0.78

4 0.7067 0.0052 0.0203 2.00 1.07

5 0.6933 0.0052 0.0070 0.69 1.07

6 0.6833 0.0052 -0.0030 -0.30 1.07

7 0.6976 0.0023 0.0112 1.10 0.49

8 0.6755 0.0052 -0.0109 -1.07 1.08

9 0.7050 0.0055 0.0186 1.84 1.14

10 0.6757 0.0067 -0.0107 -1.06 1.39

11 0.6850 0.0055 -0.0014 -0.14 1.14

12 0.6835 0.0016 -0.0029 -0.28 0.34

13 0.6900 0.0021 0.0036 0.36 0.44

14 0.6867 0.0052 0.0003 0.03 1.07

15 0.6845 0.0042 -0.0019 -0.19 0.87

16 0.6717 0.0041 -0.0147 -1.45 0.85

17 0.6867 0.0052 0.0003 0.03 1.07

Average of cell averages = 0.68638 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01013 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00480 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01104 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
88

K2O XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0030 -0.58 0.00

2 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0030 -0.58 0.00

3 0.3882 0.0022 0.0052 1.00 0.65

4 0.3883 0.0041 0.0053 1.03 1.18

5 0.3900 0.0000 0.0070 1.35 0.00

6 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0030 -0.58 0.00

7 0.3930 0.0010 0.0100 1.94 0.28

8 0.3800 0.0017 -0.0030 -0.58 0.49

9 0.3850 0.0055 0.0020 0.38 1.59

10 0.3812 0.0056 -0.0018 -0.36 1.63

11 0.3800 0.0063 -0.0030 -0.58 1.83

12 0.3785 0.0016 -0.0045 -0.86 0.46

13 0.3858 0.0017 0.0028 0.54 0.50

14 0.3883 0.0041 0.0053 1.03 1.18

15 0.3795 0.0051 -0.0035 -0.68 1.49

16 0.3733 0.0052 -0.0097 -1.87 1.50

17 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0030 -0.58 0.00

Average of cell averages = 0.38301 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00517 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00345 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00606 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
89

K2O XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.6732 0.0008 -0.0092 -0.75 0.16

2 0.6617 0.0041 -0.0207 -1.69 0.86

3 0.7022 0.0033 0.0198 1.61 0.69

4 0.6800 0.0000 -0.0024 -0.19 0.00

5 0.6767 0.0052 -0.0057 -0.47 1.09

6 0.6767 0.0052 -0.0057 -0.47 1.09

7 0.6900 0.0063 0.0076 0.62 1.34

8 0.6900 0.0063 0.0076 0.62 1.34

9 0.6833 0.0052 0.0009 0.08 1.09

10 0.6833 0.0052 0.0009 0.08 1.09

11 0.6800 0.0000 -0.0024 -0.19 0.00

12 0.6733 0.0052 -0.0091 -0.74 1.09

13 0.6824 0.0059 0.0000 0.00 1.26

14 0.7083 0.0041 0.0259 2.11 0.86

15 0.6562 0.0010 -0.0262 -2.13 0.21

16 0.6972 0.0078 0.0148 1.20 1.65

17 0.6883 0.0075 0.0059 0.48 1.59

18 0.6738 0.0021 -0.0086 -0.70 0.45

19 0.6750 0.0055 -0.0074 -0.60 1.16

20 0.6901 0.0024 0.0077 0.63 0.51

21 0.6883 0.0041 0.0059 0.48 0.86

Average of cell averages = 0.68238 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01228 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00473 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01302 

h, k Critical Values = 2.57000, 1.79000 
90

K2O XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3782 0.0030 -0.0019 -0.18 0.78

2 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0001 -0.01 0.00

3 0.3935 0.0012 0.0134 1.28 0.32

4 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0001 -0.01 0.00

5 0.3483 0.0041 -0.0317 -3.03 1.06

6 0.3700 0.0000 -0.0101 -0.96 0.00

7 0.3717 0.0041 -0.0084 -0.80 1.06

8 0.3833 0.0052 0.0033 0.31 1.35

9 0.3817 0.0075 0.0016 0.15 1.96

10 0.3833 0.0052 0.0033 0.31 1.35

11 0.3700 0.0000 -0.0101 -0.96 0.00

12 0.3883 0.0041 0.0083 0.79 1.06

13 0.3737 0.0015 -0.0064 -0.61 0.39

14 0.3933 0.0052 0.0133 1.26 1.35

15 0.3761 0.0008 -0.0040 -0.38 0.21

16 0.3955 0.0057 0.0154 1.47 1.48

17 0.3883 0.0041 0.0083 0.79 1.06

18 0.3825 0.0032 0.0024 0.23 0.84

19 0.3883 0.0041 0.0083 0.79 1.06

20 0.3805 0.0018 0.0005 0.04 0.48

21 0.3750 0.0055 -0.0051 -0.48 1.43

Average of cell averages = 0.38008 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01048 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00384 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01105 

h, k Critical Values = 2.57000, 1.79000 
91

K2O XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.6728 0.0010 -0.0095 -0.76 0.21

2 0.6583 0.0041 -0.0240 -1.92 0.87

3 0.7022 0.0029 0.0198 1.58 0.62

4 0.6800 0.0000 -0.0023 -0.19 0.00

5 0.6767 0.0052 -0.0057 -0.45 1.10

6 0.6783 0.0041 -0.0040 -0.32 0.87

7 0.6900 0.0063 0.0077 0.61 1.34

8 0.6883 0.0041 0.0060 0.48 0.87

9 0.6833 0.0082 0.0010 0.08 1.73

10 0.6867 0.0052 0.0043 0.35 1.10

11 0.6800 0.0000 -0.0023 -0.19 0.00

12 0.6750 0.0055 -0.0073 -0.59 1.16

13 0.6823 0.0064 0.0000 0.00 1.36

14 0.7083 0.0041 0.0260 2.08 0.87

15 0.6552 0.0006 -0.0271 -2.17 0.13

16 0.6975 0.0072 0.0152 1.21 1.54

17 0.6900 0.0063 0.0077 0.61 1.34

18 0.6743 0.0026 -0.0080 -0.64 0.55

19 0.6767 0.0052 -0.0057 -0.45 1.10

20 0.6896 0.0023 0.0073 0.58 0.49

21 0.6833 0.0052 0.0010 0.08 1.10

Average of cell averages = 0.68233 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01252 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00471 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01324 

h, k Critical Values = 2.57000, 1.79000 
92

K2O XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3782 0.0026 -0.0019 -0.19 0.74

2 0.3783 0.0041 -0.0017 -0.17 1.14

3 0.3937 0.0012 0.0136 1.32 0.34

4 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0001 -0.01 0.00

5 0.3483 0.0041 -0.0317 -3.08 1.14

6 0.3700 0.0000 -0.0101 -0.98 0.00

7 0.3717 0.0041 -0.0084 -0.82 1.14

8 0.3833 0.0052 0.0033 0.32 1.45

9 0.3817 0.0041 0.0016 0.15 1.14

10 0.3833 0.0052 0.0033 0.32 1.45

11 0.3700 0.0000 -0.0101 -0.98 0.00

12 0.3867 0.0052 0.0066 0.64 1.45

13 0.3735 0.0020 -0.0066 -0.64 0.56

14 0.3933 0.0052 0.0133 1.29 1.45

15 0.3760 0.0007 -0.0041 -0.40 0.20

16 0.3952 0.0056 0.0151 1.46 1.56

17 0.3867 0.0052 0.0066 0.64 1.45

18 0.3832 0.0022 0.0031 0.30 0.62

19 0.3883 0.0041 0.0083 0.80 1.14

20 0.3803 0.0016 0.0002 0.02 0.45

21 0.3800 0.0000 -0.0001 -0.01 0.00

Average of cell averages = 0.38008 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.01031 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00357 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01081 

h, k Critical Values = 2.57000, 1.79000 
93

Table 10 Precision Statistics K2O by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 2.

K2O Glass, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.6864 0.0097 0.0043 0.0104 0.01 0.03

2 0.3834 0.0051 0.0035 0.0060 0.01 0.02

K2O Glass, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.6864 0.0101 0.0048 0.0110 0.01 0.03

2 0.3830 0.0052 0.0034 0.0061 0.01 0.02

K2O Powder, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.6824 0.0123 0.0047 0.0130 0.01 0.04

2 0.3801 0.0105 0.0038 0.0110 0.01 0.03

K2O Powder, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.6823 0.0125 0.0047 0.0132 0.01 0.04

2 0.3801 0.0103 0.0036 0.0108 0.01 0.03

Figure 22 K2O precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
94

TiO2

Figure 23 Box plots for TiO2 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods
95

TiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3200 0.0000 0.0105 1.58 0.00

2 0.3097 0.0042 0.0002 0.03 1.05

3 0.3083 0.0041 -0.0011 -0.17 1.02

4 0.3083 0.0018 -0.0011 -0.17 0.44

5 0.3200 0.0000 0.0105 1.58 0.00

6 0.3023 0.0068 -0.0071 -1.07 1.70

7 0.3185 0.0029 0.0090 1.36 0.72

8 0.3050 0.0055 -0.0045 -0.67 1.36

9 0.3120 0.0010 0.0026 0.39 0.25

10 0.3167 0.0052 0.0072 1.08 1.28

11 0.3055 0.0016 -0.0040 -0.59 0.41

12 0.3067 0.0052 -0.0028 -0.42 1.28

13 0.3160 0.0033 0.0065 0.98 0.82

14 0.3033 0.0052 -0.0061 -0.92 1.28

15 0.2983 0.0021 -0.0111 -1.67 0.51

16 0.3033 0.0052 -0.0061 -0.92 1.28

17 0.3067 0.0052 -0.0028 -0.42 1.28

Average of cell averages = 0.30945 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00666 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00402 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00760 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
96

TiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3433 0.0052 0.0094 1.43 1.16

2 0.3353 0.0033 0.0014 0.21 0.74

3 0.3350 0.0055 0.0010 0.16 1.23

4 0.3330 0.0014 -0.0010 -0.15 0.32

5 0.3433 0.0052 0.0094 1.43 1.16

6 0.3278 0.0038 -0.0061 -0.94 0.86

7 0.3413 0.0041 0.0074 1.12 0.93

8 0.3267 0.0052 -0.0073 -1.12 1.16

9 0.3422 0.0006 0.0082 1.25 0.13

10 0.3400 0.0000 0.0060 0.92 0.00

11 0.3312 0.0013 -0.0028 -0.43 0.30

12 0.3333 0.0052 -0.0006 -0.10 1.16

13 0.3382 0.0046 0.0042 0.64 1.03

14 0.3283 0.0041 -0.0056 -0.86 0.92

15 0.3237 0.0067 -0.0103 -1.57 1.50

16 0.3250 0.0055 -0.0090 -1.37 1.23

17 0.3300 0.0063 -0.0040 -0.61 1.42

Average of cell averages = 0.33398 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00656 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00444 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00771 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
97

TiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3200 0.0000 0.0106 1.59 0.00

2 0.3097 0.0066 0.0003 0.04 1.53

3 0.3083 0.0041 -0.0010 -0.16 0.94

4 0.3070 0.0009 -0.0024 -0.35 0.21

5 0.3217 0.0041 0.0123 1.84 0.94

6 0.3033 0.0066 -0.0060 -0.90 1.52

7 0.3190 0.0049 0.0096 1.44 1.12

8 0.3000 0.0000 -0.0094 -1.40 0.00

9 0.3120 0.0014 0.0026 0.39 0.32

10 0.3133 0.0052 0.0040 0.59 1.19

11 0.3048 0.0012 -0.0045 -0.68 0.27

12 0.3050 0.0055 -0.0044 -0.65 1.27

13 0.3168 0.0025 0.0075 1.12 0.57

14 0.3033 0.0052 -0.0060 -0.90 1.19

15 0.3033 0.0061 -0.0060 -0.90 1.41

16 0.3033 0.0052 -0.0060 -0.90 1.19

17 0.3083 0.0041 -0.0010 -0.16 0.94

Average of cell averages = 0.30937 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00669 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00432 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00777 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
98

TiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3433 0.0052 0.0101 1.42 1.18

2 0.3350 0.0053 0.0017 0.25 1.22

3 0.3333 0.0052 0.0001 0.01 1.18

4 0.3323 0.0018 -0.0009 -0.13 0.40

5 0.3433 0.0052 0.0101 1.42 1.18

6 0.3263 0.0055 -0.0069 -0.98 1.26

7 0.3427 0.0040 0.0094 1.33 0.92

8 0.3283 0.0041 -0.0049 -0.70 0.94

9 0.3430 0.0005 0.0097 1.37 0.12

10 0.3400 0.0000 0.0067 0.95 0.00

11 0.3305 0.0019 -0.0028 -0.39 0.43

12 0.3267 0.0052 -0.0066 -0.93 1.18

13 0.3365 0.0038 0.0032 0.46 0.87

14 0.3283 0.0041 -0.0049 -0.70 0.94

15 0.3225 0.0064 -0.0108 -1.52 1.46

16 0.3250 0.0055 -0.0083 -1.17 1.26

17 0.3283 0.0041 -0.0049 -0.70 0.94

Average of cell averages = 0.33326 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00708 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00436 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00812 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
99

TiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.2907 0.0014 -0.0112 -1.59 0.47

2 0.3025 0.0019 0.0006 0.09 0.65

3 0.3000 0.0000 -0.0019 -0.26 0.00

4 0.3127 0.0024 0.0108 1.53 0.84

5 0.3022 0.0036 0.0003 0.04 1.25

6 0.3000 0.0000 -0.0019 -0.26 0.00

7 0.2873 0.0041 -0.0145 -2.06 1.43

8 0.2933 0.0052 -0.0085 -1.21 1.79

9 0.3059 0.0010 0.0040 0.57 0.35

10 0.3067 0.0041 0.0048 0.68 1.42

11 0.2963 0.0035 -0.0056 -0.79 1.20

12 0.2983 0.0041 -0.0035 -0.50 1.42

13 0.3100 0.0000 0.0081 1.15 0.00

14 0.3000 0.0000 -0.0019 -0.26 0.00

15 0.3115 0.0022 0.0096 1.36 0.75

16 0.3033 0.0052 0.0015 0.21 1.79

17 0.3100 0.0000 0.0081 1.15 0.00

18 0.3030 0.0020 0.0011 0.16 0.68

Average of cell averages = 0.30187 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00706 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00288 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00754 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
100

TiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3210 0.0029 -0.0112 -1.67 1.01

2 0.3347 0.0008 0.0025 0.37 0.28

3 0.3300 0.0000 -0.0022 -0.32 0.00

4 0.3417 0.0029 0.0095 1.42 1.03

5 0.3370 0.0040 0.0048 0.72 1.39

6 0.3317 0.0041 -0.0005 -0.08 1.42

7 0.3317 0.0018 -0.0005 -0.08 0.61

8 0.3217 0.0041 -0.0105 -1.57 1.42

9 0.3414 0.0004 0.0092 1.38 0.14

10 0.3388 0.0012 0.0067 1.00 0.41

11 0.3222 0.0023 -0.0100 -1.49 0.79

12 0.3250 0.0055 -0.0072 -1.07 1.91

13 0.3383 0.0041 0.0062 0.92 1.42

14 0.3317 0.0041 -0.0005 -0.08 1.42

15 0.3407 0.0019 0.0085 1.27 0.65

16 0.3300 0.0000 -0.0022 -0.32 0.00

17 0.3300 0.0000 -0.0022 -0.32 0.00

18 0.3316 0.0022 -0.0005 -0.08 0.76

Average of cell averages = 0.33217 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00669 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00287 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00718 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
101

TiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.2908 0.0026 -0.0117 -1.70 0.77

2 0.3030 0.0011 0.0005 0.07 0.33

3 0.3000 0.0000 -0.0025 -0.37 0.00

4 0.3117 0.0022 0.0091 1.33 0.65

5 0.3053 0.0027 0.0028 0.41 0.82

6 0.3000 0.0000 -0.0025 -0.37 0.00

7 0.2893 0.0027 -0.0132 -1.92 0.82

8 0.2950 0.0055 -0.0075 -1.10 1.65

9 0.3053 0.0006 0.0028 0.41 0.17

10 0.3087 0.0039 0.0061 0.89 1.17

11 0.2973 0.0018 -0.0052 -0.76 0.54

12 0.2983 0.0075 -0.0042 -0.61 2.27

13 0.3117 0.0041 0.0091 1.33 1.23

14 0.3033 0.0052 0.0008 0.11 1.55

15 0.3125 0.0014 0.0100 1.45 0.42

16 0.3017 0.0041 -0.0009 -0.13 1.23

17 0.3100 0.0000 0.0075 1.09 0.00

18 0.3018 0.0020 -0.0008 -0.11 0.61

Average of cell averages = 0.30254 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00687 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00332 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00751 

h, k Critical Values = 2.53000, 1.78000 
102

TiO2 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.3202 0.0029 -0.0121 -1.70 0.87

2 0.3332 0.0024 0.0009 0.12 0.73

3 0.3300 0.0000 -0.0023 -0.32 0.00

4 0.3413 0.0050 0.0091 1.27 1.52

5 0.3378 0.0043 0.0056 0.78 1.30

6 0.3283 0.0041 -0.0039 -0.55 1.25

7 0.3305 0.0028 -0.0018 -0.25 0.86

8 0.3250 0.0055 -0.0073 -1.02 1.67

9 0.3413 0.0005 0.0091 1.27 0.16

10 0.3405 0.0023 0.0082 1.15 0.69

11 0.3223 0.0025 -0.0100 -1.40 0.75

12 0.3250 0.0055 -0.0073 -1.02 1.67

13 0.3400 0.0000 0.0077 1.08 0.00

14 0.3317 0.0041 -0.0006 -0.09 1.25

15 0.3442 0.0016 0.0119 1.67 0.49

16 0.3300 0.0000 -0.0023 -0.32 0.00

17 0.3283 0.0041 -0.0039 -0.55 1.25

18 0.3313 0.0021 -0.0009 -0.13 0.64

Average of cell averages = 0.33228 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00712 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00328 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00773 

h, k Critical Values = 2.53000, 1.78000 
103

Table 11 Precision Statistics TiO2 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 2.

TiO2 Glass, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.3095 0.0067 0.0040 0.0076 0.01 0.02

2 0.3340 0.0066 0.0044 0.0077 0.01 0.02

TiO2 Glass, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.3094 0.0067 0.0043 0.0078 0.01 0.02

2 0.3333 0.0071 0.0044 0.0081 0.01 0.02

TiO2 Powder, Replicate 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.3019 0.0071 0.0029 0.0075 0.01 0.02

2 0.3322 0.0067 0.0029 0.0072 0.01 0.02

TiO2 Powder, Replicate 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.3025 0.0069 0.0033 0.0075 0.01 0.02

2 0.3323 0.0071 0.0033 0.0077 0.01 0.02

Figure 24 TiO2 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
104

P2O5

Figure 25 Box plots for P2O5 XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
105

P2O5 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.2058 0.0083 -0.0068 -1.65 2.04

2 0.2108 0.0007 -0.0018 -0.44 0.18

3 0.2183 0.0041 0.0057 1.38 1.00

4 0.2160 0.0019 0.0034 0.81 0.46

5 0.2175 0.0026 0.0049 1.18 0.63

6 0.2117 0.0041 -0.0010 -0.24 1.00

7 0.2133 0.0022 0.0007 0.17 0.53

8 0.2150 0.0055 0.0024 0.57 1.34

9 0.2093 0.0014 -0.0033 -0.80 0.33

10 0.2083 0.0075 -0.0043 -1.05 1.84

11 0.2200 0.0000 0.0074 1.79 0.00

12 0.2132 0.0050 0.0005 0.13 1.23

13 0.2067 0.0052 -0.0060 -1.45 1.26

14 0.2145 0.0002 0.0019 0.45 0.05

15 0.2100 0.0000 -0.0026 -0.64 0.00

16 0.2118 0.0029 -0.0008 -0.20 0.72

Average of cell averages = 0.21265 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00412 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00409 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00556 

h, k Critical Values = 2.49000, 1.77000 
106

P2O5 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0930 0.0037 0.0018 1.36 1.46

2 0.0923 0.0011 0.0012 0.86 0.42

3 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0012 -0.86 0.00

4 0.0920 0.0017 0.0008 0.62 0.66

5 0.0930 0.0020 0.0018 1.36 0.79

6 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0012 -0.86 0.00

7 0.0925 0.0015 0.0013 0.99 0.60

8 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0012 -0.86 0.00

9 0.0900 0.0006 -0.0012 -0.86 0.25

10 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0012 -0.86 0.00

11 0.0917 0.0041 0.0005 0.37 1.62

12 0.0918 0.0049 0.0007 0.50 1.95

13 0.0917 0.0041 0.0005 0.37 1.62

14 0.0921 0.0002 0.0009 0.67 0.08

15 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0012 -0.86 0.00

16 0.0885 0.0045 -0.0027 -1.96 1.77

Average of cell averages = 0.09116 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00136 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00252 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00267 

h, k Critical Values = 2.49000, 1.77000 
107

P2O5 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.2120 0.0024 -0.0010 -0.23 0.65

2 0.2110 0.0006 -0.0020 -0.44 0.16

3 0.2167 0.0052 0.0036 0.78 1.43

4 0.2143 0.0023 0.0013 0.28 0.65

5 0.2173 0.0020 0.0043 0.93 0.54

6 0.2117 0.0041 -0.0014 -0.30 1.13

7 0.2142 0.0023 0.0011 0.24 0.64

8 0.2183 0.0041 0.0053 1.14 1.13

9 0.2095 0.0016 -0.0035 -0.77 0.45

10 0.2067 0.0052 -0.0064 -1.38 1.43

11 0.2200 0.0000 0.0070 1.50 0.00

12 0.2168 0.0040 0.0038 0.82 1.11

13 0.2017 0.0041 -0.0114 -2.46 1.13

14 0.2144 0.0004 0.0013 0.28 0.11

15 0.2133 0.0052 0.0003 0.06 1.43

16 0.2108 0.0063 -0.0022 -0.48 1.75

Average of cell averages = 0.21304 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00463 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00362 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00569 

h, k Critical Values = 2.49000, 1.77000 
108

P2O5 XRF, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0947 0.0027 0.0029 1.86 1.08

2 0.0928 0.0009 0.0011 0.68 0.35

3 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0018 -1.12 0.00

4 0.0913 0.0016 -0.0004 -0.27 0.65

5 0.0925 0.0015 0.0007 0.47 0.60

6 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0018 -1.12 0.00

7 0.0933 0.0023 0.0016 1.01 0.93

8 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0018 -1.12 0.00

9 0.0903 0.0005 -0.0014 -0.91 0.20

10 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0018 -1.12 0.00

11 0.0933 0.0052 0.0016 1.01 2.05

12 0.0937 0.0043 0.0019 1.22 1.69

13 0.0917 0.0041 -0.0001 -0.06 1.62

14 0.0923 0.0001 0.0005 0.34 0.05

15 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0018 -1.12 0.00

16 0.0922 0.0046 0.0004 0.26 1.83

Average of cell averages = 0.09176 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00157 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00252 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00279 

h, k Critical Values = 2.49000, 1.77000 
109

P2O5 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.2200 0.0000 0.0037 0.66 0.00

2 0.2300 0.0000 0.0137 2.42 0.00

3 0.2168 0.0012 0.0006 0.10 0.35

4 0.2107 0.0018 -0.0056 -0.99 0.52

5 0.2200 0.0000 0.0037 0.66 0.00

6 0.2200 0.0000 0.0037 0.66 0.00

7 0.2190 0.0021 0.0027 0.48 0.62

8 0.2183 0.0041 0.0021 0.36 1.21

9 0.2102 0.0015 -0.0061 -1.08 0.44

10 0.2130 0.0009 -0.0033 -0.58 0.26

11 0.2067 0.0052 -0.0096 -1.70 1.53

12 0.2144 0.0017 -0.0019 -0.34 0.50

13 0.2083 0.0041 -0.0079 -1.40 1.21

14 0.2199 0.0005 0.0036 0.64 0.14

15 0.2200 0.0000 0.0037 0.66 0.00

16 0.2152 0.0037 -0.0011 -0.20 1.08

17 0.2143 0.0103 -0.0019 -0.34 3.05

Average of cell averages = 0.21628 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00566 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00338 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00645 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
110

P2O5 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0917 0.0041 -0.0031 -0.38 0.33

2 0.1050 0.0055 0.0103 1.26 0.45

3 0.0895 0.0019 -0.0052 -0.65 0.15

4 0.0870 0.0019 -0.0077 -0.95 0.16

5 0.1000 0.0000 0.0053 0.65 0.00

6 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0047 -0.58 0.00

7 0.0903 0.0012 -0.0044 -0.54 0.10

8 0.1017 0.0041 0.0069 0.85 0.33

9 0.0917 0.0016 -0.0031 -0.38 0.13

10 0.0910 0.0011 -0.0037 -0.46 0.09

11 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0047 -0.58 0.00

12 0.0945 0.0009 -0.0002 -0.03 0.08

13 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0047 -0.58 0.00

14 0.0913 0.0002 -0.0035 -0.43 0.02

15 0.1200 0.0490 0.0253 3.11 4.01

16 0.0960 0.0037 0.0013 0.16 0.31

17 0.0910 0.0073 -0.0037 -0.46 0.59

Average of cell averages = 0.09474 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00811 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01223 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.01380 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
111

P2O5 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.2200 0.0000 0.0038 0.70 0.00

2 0.2283 0.0041 0.0121 2.24 1.30

3 0.2167 0.0015 0.0005 0.09 0.48

4 0.2117 0.0022 -0.0045 -0.84 0.69

5 0.2200 0.0000 0.0038 0.70 0.00

6 0.2200 0.0000 0.0038 0.70 0.00

7 0.2190 0.0009 0.0028 0.52 0.29

8 0.2183 0.0041 0.0021 0.39 1.30

9 0.2103 0.0016 -0.0059 -1.08 0.52

10 0.2125 0.0016 -0.0037 -0.68 0.53

11 0.2050 0.0055 -0.0112 -2.07 1.75

12 0.2143 0.0022 -0.0019 -0.34 0.69

13 0.2100 0.0000 -0.0062 -1.14 0.00

14 0.2197 0.0004 0.0035 0.64 0.13

15 0.2200 0.0000 0.0038 0.70 0.00

16 0.2152 0.0041 -0.0010 -0.19 1.30

17 0.2143 0.0083 -0.0019 -0.34 2.65

Average of cell averages = 0.21620 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00542 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00313 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00613 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
112

P2O5 XRF, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0933 0.0052 0.0000 0.01 1.83

2 0.0983 0.0041 0.0050 1.16 1.44

3 0.0895 0.0016 -0.0038 -0.88 0.58

4 0.0870 0.0018 -0.0063 -1.45 0.63

5 0.1000 0.0000 0.0067 1.55 0.00

6 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0033 -0.76 0.00

7 0.0915 0.0008 -0.0018 -0.42 0.30

8 0.1017 0.0041 0.0084 1.93 1.44

9 0.0923 0.0021 -0.0010 -0.22 0.73

10 0.0905 0.0015 -0.0028 -0.65 0.54

11 0.0900 0.0000 -0.0033 -0.76 0.00

12 0.0945 0.0006 0.0012 0.28 0.22

13 0.0905 0.0012 -0.0028 -0.65 0.43

14 0.0911 0.0002 -0.0022 -0.50 0.08

15 0.1000 0.0000 0.0067 1.55 0.00

16 0.0955 0.0039 0.0022 0.51 1.39

17 0.0903 0.0067 -0.0030 -0.68 2.38

Average of cell averages = 0.09330 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00433 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00283 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00505 

h, k Critical Values = 2.51000, 1.78000 
113

Table 12 Precision Statistics P2O5 by XRF glass and powder preparations for replicates 1 and 2.

P2O5 Glass, Rep. 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.2126 0.0041 0.0041 0.0056 0.01 0.02

2 0.0912 0.0014 0.0025 0.0027 0.01 0.01

P2O5 Glass, rep. 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.2130 0.0046 0.0036 0.0057 0.01 0.02

2 0.0918 0.0016 0.0025 0.0028 0.01 0.01

P2O5 Powder, rep. 1

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.2163 0.0057 0.0034 0.0064 0.01 0.02

2 0.0947 0.0081 0.0122 0.0138 0.03 0.04

P2O5 Powder, rep. 2

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.2162 0.0054 0.0031 0.0061 0.01 0.02

2 0.0933 0.0043 0.0028 0.0050 0.01 0.01

Figure 26 P2O5 precision statistics by method with bar chart comparing results to current and past ASTM C114 

limits and previous studies on chemical analysis precision as 1-sigma, between lab (SR).
114

Cl

Figure 27 Box plots for Cl XRF glass and powder, and reference methods.
115

XRF Cl, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 1*

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0180 0.0030 0.0088 1.24 1.83

2 0.0035 0.0010 -0.0057 -0.81 0.65

3 0.0119 0.0007 0.0027 0.38 0.45

4 0.0035 0.0002 -0.0057 -0.81 0.15

Average of cell averages = 0.00923 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00705 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00162 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00721 

h, k Critical Values = 1.49000, 1.60000 

XRF Cl, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 1, Material: 2*

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.1222 0.0030 0.0523 1.07 0.77

2 0.0578 0.0047 -0.0120 -0.24 1.21

3 0.0917 0.0053 0.0219 0.45 1.36

4 0.0076 0.0011 -0.0622 -1.27 0.29

Average of cell averages = 0.06983 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04910 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00388 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.04922 

h, k Critical Values = 1.49000, 1.60000 

* n = 4 is less than recommended number of laboratories. These data are presented 

individually (glass and powder preparations) and collectively.
116

 XRF Cl, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0162 0.0032 0.0073 1.19 1.81

2 0.0042 0.0012 -0.0047 -0.77 0.66

3 0.0118 0.0009 0.0029 0.47 0.54

4 0.0035 0.0002 -0.0054 -0.88 0.10

Average of cell averages = 0.00891 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00612 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00177 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00633 

h, k Critical Values = 1.49000, 1.60000 

XRF Cl, Cements A B, Glass, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.1215 0.0015 0.0516 1.06 0.39

2 0.0582 0.0052 -0.0118 -0.24 1.34

3 0.0920 0.0055 0.0221 0.45 1.41

4 0.0080 0.0009 -0.0619 -1.27 0.24

Average of cell averages = 0.06993 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.04871 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00387 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.04883 

h, k Critical Values = 1.49000, 1.60000 
117

XRF Cl, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0173 0.0008 0.0066 1.37 0.77

2 0.0083 0.0007 -0.0024 -0.50 0.66

3 0.0100 0.0000 -0.0007 -0.15 0.00

4 0.0152 0.0023 0.0045 0.92 2.20

5 0.0040 0.0000 -0.0067 -1.39 0.00

6 0.0095 0.0004 -0.0012 -0.25 0.37

Average of cell averages = 0.01072 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00483 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00106 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00493 

h, k Critical Values = 1.92000, 1.68000 

XRF Cl, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.1568 0.0017 0.0452 0.62 0.16

2 0.0825 0.0019 -0.0291 -0.40 0.17

3 0.1400 0.0000 0.0283 0.39 0.00

4 0.2117 0.0266 0.1000 1.38 2.44

5 0.0055 0.0000 -0.1062 -1.46 0.00

6 0.0734 0.0007 -0.0383 -0.53 0.06

Average of cell averages = 0.11166 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.07270 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01090 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.07338 

h, k Critical Values = 1.92000, 1.68000 
118

XRF Cl, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0178 0.0012 0.0068 1.34 0.81

2 0.0088 0.0008 -0.0023 -0.46 0.53

3 0.0100 0.0000 -0.0011 -0.21 0.00

4 0.0159 0.0032 0.0048 0.96 2.22

5 0.0040 0.0000 -0.0071 -1.40 0.00

6 0.0099 0.0005 -0.0011 -0.23 0.35

Average of cell averages = 0.01107 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00504 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00145 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00521 

h, k Critical Values = 1.92000, 1.68000 

XRF Cl, Cements A B, Powder, Replicate 2, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.1578 0.0016 0.0457 0.63 0.14

2 0.0837 0.0019 -0.0284 -0.39 0.17

3 0.1400 0.0000 0.0278 0.38 0.00

4 0.2117 0.0269 0.0996 1.37 2.44

5 0.0055 0.0000 -0.1067 -1.47 0.00

6 0.0742 0.0008 -0.0380 -0.52 0.07

Average of cell averages = 0.11216 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.07267 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.01105 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.07337 

h, k Critical Values = 1.92000, 1.68000 
119

XRF Cl, Cements A B, Combined Methods, Replicate 1, Material: 1

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0035 0.0010 -0.0057 -1.05 1.02

2 0.0119 0.0007 0.0027 0.51 0.71

3 0.0035 0.0002 -0.0056 -1.05 0.24

4 0.0173 0.0008 0.0082 1.52 0.79

6 0.0083 0.0007 -0.0009 -0.16 0.68

7 0.0152 0.0023 0.0060 1.12 2.27

8 0.0040 0.0000 -0.0052 -0.96 0.00

9 0.0095 0.0004 0.0004 0.07 0.38

Average of cell averages = 0.00916 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.00537 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00103 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.00545 

h, k Critical Values = 2.15000, 1.72000 

XRF Cl, Cements A B, Combined Methods, Replicate 1, Material: 2

Laboratory

Number

Cell

Mean

Cell

SD d h k

1 0.0578 0.0047 -0.0280 -0.40 0.48

2 0.0917 0.0053 0.0058 0.08 0.54

3 0.0076 0.0011 -0.0783 -1.12 0.12

4 0.1568 0.0017 0.0710 1.01 0.18

6 0.0825 0.0019 -0.0033 -0.05 0.19

7 0.2117 0.0266 0.1258 1.79 2.72

8 0.0055 0.0000 -0.0804 -1.15 0.00

9 0.0734 0.0007 -0.0125 -0.18 0.07

Average of cell averages = 0.08588 

Standard Deviation of cell averages = 0.07013 

Repeatability Standard Deviation = 0.00978 

Reproducibility Standard Deviation = 0.07070 

h, k Critical Values = 2.15000, 1.72000 
120

Cl Glass, Replicate 1: n = 4

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.0092 0.0071 0.0016 0.0072 0.00 0.02

2 0.0698 0.0491 0.0039 0.0492 0.01 0.14

Cl Glass, Replicate 2: n = 4

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.0089 0.0061 0.0018 0.0063 0.00 0.02

2 0.0699 0.0487 0.0039 0.0488 0.01 0.14

Cl Powder, Replicate 1: n = 6

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.0107 0.0048 0.0011 0.0049 0.00 0.01

2 0.1117 0.0727 0.0109 0.0734 0.03 0.21

Cl Powder, Replicate 2: n = 6

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.0111 0.0050 0.0014 0.0052 0.00 0.01

2 0.1122 0.0727 0.0110 0.0734 0.03 0.21

Cl Combined Methods, Replicate 1: n=9

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.0092 0.0054 0.0010 0.0054 0.00 0.02

2 0.0859 0.0701 0.0098 0.0707 0.03 0.20

Cl Combined Methods, Replicate 2: n=9

Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

1 0.0102 0.0053 0.0016 0.0055 0.00 0.02

2 0.0953 0.0648 0.0089 0.0653 0.02 0.18
121

Appendix B. Request for Participants Letter.

ASTM Round Robin for C01.23.03 Task Force Group

Instructions

The ASTM C01.23.03 task force group wishes to thank you for agreeing to be a part of the 

Round Robin (RR) which will define the precision and, hopefully, the bias of the X-ray 

fluorescence spectrometric (XRF) elemental analysis of hydraulic cements. Many versions 

of an XRF analytical procedure exist as set up and used by cement producers, cement users, 

commercial laboratories and general users. Generally, all parties are interested in 

producing a high quality, accurate analysis for industrial use. The Cement and Concrete 

Laboratory (CCRL) in cooperation with the ASTM Inter-Laboratory Study (ILS) has 

agreed to provide samples of Portland cement (meeting ASTM C150 guidelines) and 

various other mixtures of Portland cement and other compounds for the XRF analysis in 

this RR. Statistical analysis of the returned data will be compiled for the task force by 

NIST statisticians.

Method

The “10th Preliminary Draft” of “Standard Test Method for the Major and Minor Elements 

in Cement by X-Ray Fluorescence” produced by the task force group is available by down 

loading from a special web-based program set up by CCRL for the specific purpose of this 

RR. The method is specifically, a generalized approach to the XRF analysis of hydraulic 

cements, and is subject to revision when data is collected to show any confusion, 

indecision, or conflicts in the “10th Preliminary Draft.” There have already been “lots” of 

“discussions” and changes to the method, and there may be more changes. Some have 

already been suggested by task force members and other interested parties that may be 

implemented when actual data begins to roll in. 

In the interest of collecting data from the RR before I go to a nursing home, we should start 

to collect now. Again the method is a generalized approach to XRF analysis of hydraulic 

cements, and the individual Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) used in your individual 

laboratory should fit in the generalized guidelines. Please follow the method as closely as 

possible so that your specific laboratory data can be utilized for comparison to all the other 

data.

The method actually has two preparation schemes for presentation to the XRF, fused disk

and pressed powder. If your laboratory has the capability to do both preparation methods, 

please, please, do so. 

In Part 4.2.2 of the “10th Preliminary Draft,” it specifically states “Part 2 of the method is 

not generally applicable to the analysis of blended cements, including those blended with 

silica fume, limestone, pozzolans, fly ash, slag, and any combination thereof higher than 

the amounts of additions found in Portland cements meeting Specification C 150.” For the 

purposes of this RR data collection only, ignore this statement and run pressed 
122

pellets, if you have the capability, for comparison with the fused disk preparation. 

We need to establish the precision and truth of this statement and a comparison will 

determine if this statement is correct and help establish precision data on the pressed pellet 

mixtures by XRF.

Data Return

The data return for this RR is by accessing the CCRL web site for examination and 

determining what needs to be reported. It will be much easier if you report data on-line in a 

similar fashion as CCRL data is now reported; the statistician will love you. If you are 

unable to report data on-line, fill out the data and send to me (by FAX) and I’ll key punch it 

in for your data return. By making a request to CCRL, on this RR you can obtain more 

sample, if you are going to do samples by pressed powder Ask for three vials of about 30 

grams on each of the RR samples for powder prep and one sample vial if sample prep is 

fused disk only.

If you have the capability, we ask you to run powder prep and fused pellet on the two 

samples being mailed from CCRL. So for instance, there will be Sample A fused pellet 

data return and Sample A pressed pellet data return; then Sample B fused pellet data return 

and Sample B pressed pellet data return. There will be potentially 4 data return sheets for 

each sample in the mailing from CCRL. The first two samples mailed from CCRL are 

guaranteed to be C150 Portland Cements. The next two to four mailings of sample pairs 

will be mixtures. 

If you can’t do fused pellets, please participate in the pressed pellet RR, and conversely if 

you can’t do pressed pellets, do fused pellets. All data will be used and gratefully 

appreciated by the task force group and task group chairman. We estimate that this RR 

study will take a minimum of 11⁄2 years to 21⁄2 years, a mere moment in the large ASTM 

scheme of things, but the data will hopefully live forever. 

1. The section at the top should be filled out for company and individual returning the data, 

but, in general, no data will be identified with the lab unless you wish it to be. This ID is in 

case we have to contact you to clear up some misunderstanding or finger trouble with the 

data entry.

2. Please give as much data on the Fusion Bead preparation as possible. Flux composition, 

Non-wetting agent, etc. For the Pressed Pellet, as much info as possible, Binder 

composition, Grinding aid and etc.

3. Look at the return data sheet, what is intended here is to make on Day 1, three pellets: 

fusion and/or pressed pellets, and analyze each pellet twice, then report on the properly 

identified data sheets. Day 2 of your choosing, make three pellets: fusion and/or pressed 

pellets, and run each one twice, and report results on the proper data return sheets.

4. If possible (and only if possible) on your instrument, give the raw element intensities 

and/or raw background intensities before calculations and applied corrections. In the case 
123

of each element you only need to answer the Calibration/correction model question once, 

not every time on each prep.

 

5. LOI should be run and reported each sample prep day. Insoluble Residue and Free 

Lime need only to be run once, each prep day and only if the sufficient data is 

returned for the XRF data. The RR is primarily an XRF RR; the other data at the 

end of the CCRL data return will be used if needed.

6. Data should be reported to the CCRL web site with one more significant digit than 

the smallest uncertainty (or standard deviation) value of your best standard elemental 

value for the element being reported back to CCRL. Report determined values no later 

than three (3) months after receipt of samples in your laboratory. (i. e., SRM 1880a has 

a certified value for CaO of 63.83% +/- 0.46, report to three decimals for CaO unless 

you have lower values on reference materials that were used. ZnO is certified at 

0.005% +/- 0.001, so report to four decimals in weight percent, unless you have used 

reference standards which have a lower +/- values.)

LeRoy Jacobs

ASTM C01.23.03 Task Force Group Chairman

Wyoming Analytical Lab, Inc.

1511 Washington Ave.

Golden, CO 80401

Ph (303) 278-2446

FAX (303) 278-2439

e:mail walxray@aol.com
124

Appendix C. XRF Glass Summary by Material and Replicate.

Analyte Material Xbar sx sr sR r R n

CaO 1 63.8787 0.3498 0.1061 0.363 0.3 1.02 17

2 63.5162 0.3384 0.1261 0.3574 0.35 1

1 63.872 0.3628 0.1056 0.3754 0.3 1.05

2 63.5022 0.3719 0.1344 0.3916 0.38 1.1

SiO2 1 20.535 0.075 0.0493 0.0875 0.14 0.25 18

2 20.2389 0.11 0.0574 0.1218 0.16 0.34

1 20.5316 0.0818 0.0467 0.0922 0.13 0.26

2 20.2336 0.1028 0.0607 0.1168 0.17 0.33

Al2O3 1 5.0078 0.0495 0.0216 0.0532 0.06 0.15 17

2 5.13 0.0569 0.0223 0.0604 0.06 0.17

1 5.0085 0.0498 0.0188 0.0526 0.05 0.15

2 5.133 0.0581 0.0207 0.0611 0.06 0.17

Fe2O3 1 2.7363 0.0283 0.0138 0.031 0.04 0.09 15

2 4.2401 0.0291 0.0108 0.0308 0.03 0.09

1 2.7371 0.0287 0.0109 0.0303 0.03 0.08

2 4.2399 0.0309 0.0173 0.0347 0.05 0.1

SO3 1 2.8513 0.048 0.024 0.0527 0.07 0.15 16

2 3.5726 0.0769 0.025 0.0802 0.07 0.22

1 2.8515 0.0482 0.0228 0.0525 0.06 0.15

2 3.5639 0.0873 0.1044 0.1292 0.29 0.36

MgO 1 1.9053 0.0278 0.0146 0.0308 0.04 0.09 17

2 1.0653 0.0217 0.0096 0.0234 0.03 0.07

1 1.9071 0.0272 0.0152 0.0306 0.04 0.09

2 1.0648 0.0161 0.0087 0.018 0.02 0.05

Na2O 1 0.2098 0.014 0.0089 0.0162 0.02 0.05 15

2 0.0569 0.0227 0.0077 0.0238 0.02 0.07

1 0.2098 0.0125 0.0083 0.0146 0.02 0.04

2 0.0629 0.028 0.043 0.0482 0.12 0.13

K2O 1 0.6864 0.0097 0.0043 0.0104 0.01 0.03 17

2 0.3834 0.0051 0.0035 0.006 0.01 0.02

1 0.6864 0.0101 0.0048 0.011 0.01 0.03

2 0.383 0.0052 0.0034 0.0061 0.01 0.02

TiO2 1 0.3095 0.0067 0.004 0.0076 0.01 0.02 17

2 0.334 0.0066 0.0044 0.0077 0.01 0.02

1 0.3094 0.0067 0.0043 0.0078 0.01 0.02

2 0.3333 0.0071 0.0044 0.0081 0.01 0.02
125

continued

Analyte Material Xbar sx sr sR r R n

P2O5 1 0.2126 0.0041 0.0041 0.0056 0.01 0.02 16

2 0.0912 0.0014 0.0025 0.0027 0.01 0.01

1 0.213 0.0046 0.0036 0.0057 0.01 0.02

2 0.0918 0.0016 0.0025 0.0028 0.01 0.01

Cl 1 0.0092 0.0054 0.001 0.0054 0 0.02 9

(glass+powder) 2 0.0859 0.0701 0.0098 0.0707 0.03 0.2
126

Appendix D. XRF Powder Summary by Material and Replicate.

Analyte Material Xbar sx sr sR r R n

CaO 1 64.0931 0.3603 0.1207 0.3767 0.34 1.05 23

2 63.6979 0.281 0.1025 0.2962 0.29 0.83

1 64.118 0.3618 0.1133 0.3763 0.32 1.05

2 63.7197 0.2747 0.0961 0.2884 0.27 0.81

SiO2 1 20.67 0.1258 0.0561 0.1358 0.16 0.38 22

2 20.117 0.176 0.0538 0.1827 0.15 0.51

1 20.6776 0.1255 0.0584 0.1363 0.16 0.38

2 20.1218 0.1756 0.0542 0.1824 0.15 0.51

Al2O3 1 4.8213 0.0773 0.0239 0.0803 0.07 0.22 22

2 5.1292 0.1103 0.0196 0.1118 0.05 0.31

1 4.8267 0.0763 0.0244 0.0795 0.07 0.22

2 5.1321 0.1066 0.0203 0.1082 0.06 0.3

Fe2O3 1 2.7444 0.044 0.0127 0.0455 0.04 0.13 24

2 4.2488 0.0422 0.0187 0.0456 0.05 0.13

1 2.7442 0.0448 0.014 0.0466 0.04 0.13

2 4.2475 0.0433 0.0181 0.0464 0.05 0.13

SO3 1 2.9065 0.0912 0.0222 0.0934 0.06 0.26 24

2 3.5508 0.1393 0.0266 0.1414 0.07 0.4

1 2.9065 0.092 0.0218 0.0941 0.06 0.26

2 3.5521 0.138 0.0243 0.1398 0.07 0.39

MgO 1 1.8542 0.0655 0.0119 0.0664 0.03 0.19 26

2 1.1016 0.0627 0.0108 0.0634 0.03 0.18

1 1.8541 0.0663 0.0128 0.0673 0.04 0.19

2 1.0999 0.0625 0.0106 0.0633 0.03 0.18

Na2O 1 0.1862 0.0194 0.005 0.0199 0.01 0.06 24

2 0.0526 0.0182 0.006 0.019 0.02 0.05

1 0.1868 0.0194 0.0053 0.02 0.01 0.06

2 0.0521 0.0181 0.0051 0.0187 0.01 0.05

K2O 1 0.6824 0.0123 0.0047 0.013 0.01 0.04 21

2 0.3801 0.0105 0.0038 0.011 0.01 0.03

1 0.6823 0.0125 0.0047 0.0132 0.01 0.04

2 0.3801 0.0103 0.0036 0.0108 0.01 0.03

TiO2 1 0.3019 0.0071 0.0029 0.0075 0.01 0.02 18

2 0.3322 0.0067 0.0029 0.0072 0.01 0.02

1 0.3025 0.0069 0.0033 0.0075 0.01 0.02

2 0.3323 0.0071 0.0033 0.0077 0.01 0.02
127

continued

Analyte Material Xbar sx sr sR r R

n

P2O5 1 0.2163 0.0057 0.0034 0.0064 0.01 0.02 17

2 0.0947 0.0081 0.0122 0.0138 0.03 0.04

1 0.2162 0.0054 0.0031 0.0061 0.01 0.02

2 0.0933 0.0043 0.0028 0.005 0.01 0.01

Cl 1 0.0095 0.0055 0.0014 0.0056 0 0.02 9

(glass+powder) 2 0.0864 0.0702 0.0099 0.0708 0.03 0.2
128

Appendix E. Raw Data by Analyte.

Data by oxide after initial outlier removal for SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, Na2O, 

K2O, TiO2, and Cl. Data are organized with the XRF-glass results to the left and XRFpowder to the right. A lab identifier is provided in the first column of each preparation 

method. The six replicate measurements for that lab and analyte for duplicate 1 and then 

duplicate two are provided in columns 2 and 3 of each preparation method. Duplicate 

measurements represent a repeat measurement on the same specimen. The final column 

labeled cement indicates cement A (1) or cement B (2). Since outliers were evaluated on an 

analyte-by-analyte basis, a specific lab designation may not be the same lab across all 

analytes. For example, if lab 1 had a high between-lab precision for Al2O3, its data were 

removed and the labs reordered so no gap in the numbering existed.

SiO2

SiO2: Glass 

Preparation

SiO2: Powder 

Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1

Duplicate 

2

Cemen

t Lab Duplicate 1

Duplicate 

2

Cemen

t

1 20.418 20.414 1 1 20.650 20.680 1

1 20.380 20.403 1 1 20.800 20.800 1

1 20.287 20.270 1 1 20.760 20.780 1

1 20.330 20.460 1 1 20.570 20.630 1

1 20.484 20.347 1 1 20.630 20.730 1

1 20.480 20.393 1 1 20.730 20.730 1

2 20.522 20.462 1 2 20.542 20.575 1

2 20.362 20.308 1 2 20.580 20.580 1

2 20.348 20.328 1 2 20.569 20.581 1

2 20.317 20.246 1 2 20.636 20.654 1

2 20.321 20.394 1 2 20.684 20.645 1

2 20.431 20.408 1 2 20.645 20.370 1

3 20.519 20.524 1 3 20.565 20.572 1

3 20.518 20.524 1 3 20.726 20.715 1

3 20.524 20.545 1 3 20.595 20.619 1

3 20.565 20.561 1 3 20.634 20.628 1

3 20.536 20.536 1 3 20.647 20.669 1

3 20.518 20.552 1 3 20.635 20.636 1

4 20.540 20.510 1 4 20.640 20.660 1

4 20.510 20.570 1 4 20.640 20.630 1

4 20.510 20.510 1 4 20.600 20.590 1

4 20.550 20.520 1 4 20.700 20.720 1

4 20.530 20.510 1 4 20.550 20.540 1

4 20.520 20.520 1 4 20.640 20.630 1

5 20.596 20.591 1 5 20.590 20.640 1

5 20.541 20.560 1 5 20.690 20.760 1

5 20.595 20.580 1 5 20.760 20.790 1

5 20.655 20.673 1 5 20.570 20.580 1

5 20.582 20.585 1 5 20.690 20.630 1

5 20.634 20.633 1 5 20.670 20.660 1

6 20.530 20.570 1 6 20.940 20.930 1
129

6 20.560 20.56016 20.950 20.9401

6 20.560 20.58016 20.900 20.9101

6 20.550 20.52016 20.950 20.9401

6 20.470 20.44016 20.920 20.9101

6 20.500 20.44016 20.940 20.9301

7 20.660 20.67017 20.760 20.7801

7 20.740 20.72017 20.800 20.8201

7 20.590 20.59017 20.760 20.7801

7 20.590 20.58017 20.830 20.8401

7 20.760 20.74017 20.760 20.7701

7 20.640 20.64017 20.720 20.7501

8 20.552 20.55218 20.740 20.7501

8 20.508 20.55418 20.740 20.7601

8 20.499 20.47518 20.790 20.7501

8 20.469 20.44118 20.760 20.7601

8 20.472 20.45518 20.740 20.7101

8 20.512 20.50118 20.730 20.7401

9 20.500 20.49019 20.420 20.4401

9 20.550 20.45019 20.420 20.4401

9 20.560 20.50019 20.410 20.4401

9 20.490 20.48019 20.520 20.5401

9 20.510 20.53019 20.430 20.4501

9 20.490 20.45019 20.430 20.4601

10 20.560 20.4701 10 20.766 20.7511

10 20.470 20.4901 10 20.751 20.7501

10 20.460 20.5001 10 20.768 20.7691

10 20.560 20.5501 10 20.750 20.7471

10 20.570 20.5701 10 20.695 20.6921

10 20.610 20.5001 10 20.777 20.7661

11 20.430 20.4601 11 20.527 20.5291

11 20.420 20.4501 11 20.509 20.5111

11 20.500 20.5201 11 20.538 20.5031

11 20.530 20.5201 11 20.556 20.6001

11 20.480 20.4601 11 20.603 20.5931

11 20.430 20.4701 11 20.575 20.5521

12 20.550 20.5501 12 20.560 20.5701

12 20.570 20.5701 12 20.620 20.6401

12 20.540 20.4801 12 20.690 20.6501

12 20.610 20.6201 12 20.800 20.8001

12 20.620 20.5801 12 20.730 20.7801

12 20.600 20.5401 12 20.690 20.7301

13 20.496 20.5421 13 20.556 20.5921

13 20.507 20.5831 13 20.574 20.6191

13 20.516 20.6091 13 20.550 20.6081

13 20.617 20.6081 13 20.614 20.6581

13 20.627 20.6461 13 20.629 20.6471

13 20.633 20.6821 13 20.564 20.6041

14 20.480 20.5201 14 20.510 20.5321

14 20.510 20.5201 14 20.690 20.7061
130

14 20.500 20.4901 14 20.624 20.6391

14 20.570 20.4501 14 20.678 20.7091

14 20.570 20.5001 14 20.560 20.5771

14 20.510 20.5401 14 20.601 20.6051

15 20.550 20.5701 15 20.590 20.6101

15 20.510 20.5201 15 20.680 20.6901

15 20.430 20.4801 15 20.740 20.7401

15 20.530 20.5401 15 20.580 20.5501

15 20.630 20.6301 15 20.640 20.7101

15 20.620 20.6301 15 20.650 20.6001

16 20.640 20.6401 16 20.530 20.5601

16 20.710 20.6701 16 20.510 20.4701

16 20.680 20.6601 16 20.510 20.5601

16 20.630 20.7001 16 20.450 20.5301

16 20.670 20.6501 16 20.480 20.5001

16 20.650 20.6001 16 20.470 20.5001

17 20.489 20.4791 17 20.650 20.6301

17 20.537 20.5321 17 20.500 20.4901

17 20.446 20.5111 17 20.600 20.6001

17 20.490 20.5281 17 20.570 20.5601

17 20.514 20.4741 17 20.420 20.4201

17 20.495 20.4941 17 20.560 20.5101

18 20.600 20.6101 18 20.502 20.5361

18 20.600 20.6601 18 20.578 20.6031

18 20.600 20.6301 18 20.614 20.6131

18 20.570 20.5801 18 20.463 20.4631

18 20.610 20.6701 18 20.531 20.5181

18 20.650 20.6001 18 20.571 20.6101

1 20.236 20.2962 19 20.710 20.7701

1 20.254 20.1212 19 20.780 20.8201

1 20.079 20.0932 19 20.780 20.7701

1 20.267 20.1682 19 20.870 20.8701

1 20.304 20.1182 19 20.880 20.9101

1 20.279 20.1082 19 20.890 20.9401

2 20.319 20.1982 20 20.880 20.8201

2 20.325 20.3252 20 20.870 20.8501

2 20.126 20.2372 20 20.720 20.7801

2 20.240 20.1512 20 20.790 20.8101

2 20.172 20.0632 20 20.830 20.8501

2 20.144 20.0292 20 20.680 20.7201

3 20.163 20.1682 21 20.714 20.6531

3 20.168 20.1842 21 20.777 20.7821

3 20.188 20.1952 21 20.669 20.6791

3 20.139 20.1372 21 20.665 20.6601

3 20.148 20.1452 21 20.706 20.6531

3 20.161 20.1462 21 20.702 20.6831

4 20.250 20.2502 22 20.840 20.8801

4 20.290 20.3002 22 20.860 20.8701

4 20.300 20.2902 22 20.910 20.8701
131

4 20.300 20.3402 22 20.890 20.9301

4 20.280 20.2802 22 20.960 20.9701

4 20.350 20.3102 22 20.920 20.9401

5 20.307 20.29721 20.100 20.1402

5 20.315 20.27321 20.150 20.1802

5 20.321 20.30821 20.150 20.1302

5 20.356 20.35221 20.120 20.1502

5 20.376 20.39421 20.140 20.1202

5 20.357 20.38721 20.200 20.1602

6 20.390 20.27022 19.691 19.7222

6 20.360 20.29022 19.678 19.7222

6 20.340 20.41022 19.737 19.7282

6 20.220 20.20022 19.740 19.7422

6 20.260 20.20022 19.712 19.7522

6 20.220 20.24022 19.808 19.8202

7 20.240 20.24023 20.108 20.1302

7 20.350 20.36023 20.113 20.1282

7 20.440 20.44023 19.923 19.9382

7 20.310 20.36023 20.128 20.1092

7 20.450 20.45023 20.013 20.0252

7 20.320 20.32023 20.118 20.1442

8 20.231 20.21424 20.240 20.2602

8 20.272 20.24324 20.280 20.2502

8 20.234 20.27024 20.290 20.2902

8 20.227 20.21924 20.230 20.2002

8 20.228 20.22324 20.300 20.2802

8 20.276 20.25724 20.250 20.2402

9 20.200 20.20025 20.360 20.3502

9 20.200 20.19025 20.270 20.2702

9 20.160 20.17025 20.240 20.3102

9 20.210 20.27025 20.300 20.3102

9 20.190 20.30025 20.320 20.2902

9 20.170 20.20025 20.350 20.2802

10 20.230 20.14026 20.400 20.4102

10 20.180 20.25026 20.350 20.3302

10 20.160 20.16026 20.450 20.4402

10 20.240 20.22026 20.300 20.3102

10 20.240 20.30026 20.340 20.3202

10 20.120 20.12026 20.410 20.4202

11 19.970 19.97027 20.480 20.5002

11 19.970 19.96027 20.530 20.5602

11 20.050 19.85027 20.480 20.5102

11 19.890 20.09027 20.510 20.5202

11 19.880 20.02027 20.590 20.5902

11 19.960 19.99027 20.540 20.5502

12 20.250 20.20028 20.060 20.0402

12 20.260 20.21028 20.060 20.0402

12 20.260 20.20028 20.000 19.9702

12 20.310 20.27028 20.100 20.0802
132

12 20.300 20.22028 20.100 20.0802

12 20.310 20.24028 19.950 19.9702

13 20.009 20.22429 19.940 19.9702

13 20.073 20.16029 19.900 19.9102

13 20.066 20.18929 19.830 19.8502

13 20.173 20.18229 19.940 19.9502

13 20.162 20.19529 19.890 19.8902

13 20.193 20.11529 19.880 19.9002

14 20.300 20.3002 10 20.394 20.4032

14 20.290 20.3002 10 20.438 20.4352

14 20.310 20.3202 10 20.423 20.4322

14 20.210 20.2902 10 20.309 20.3082

14 20.290 20.2602 10 20.418 20.4302

14 20.260 20.2502 10 20.431 20.4302

15 20.220 20.2002 11 20.013 20.0132

15 20.180 20.1702 11 19.939 19.9352

15 20.120 20.1302 11 19.995 19.9822

15 20.310 20.2802 11 19.981 19.9632

15 20.430 20.4302 11 19.995 19.9972

15 20.340 20.3402 11 20.021 20.0352

16 20.460 20.4302 12 19.980 20.0602

16 20.460 20.4302 12 20.130 20.1702

16 20.540 20.4902 12 20.200 20.2202

16 20.420 20.4002 12 20.050 19.9902

16 20.430 20.4502 12 20.040 20.0602

16 20.400 20.4402 12 20.100 20.0902

17 20.134 20.1432 13 20.113 20.1542

17 20.134 20.1432 13 20.080 20.0992

17 20.105 20.1232 13 20.082 20.1082

17 20.102 20.1352 13 20.041 20.0792

17 20.102 20.1352 13 20.064 20.1022

17 20.146 20.1012 13 20.037 20.0702

18 20.280 20.3002 14 19.936 19.9682

18 20.300 20.2502 14 19.925 19.9282

18 20.290 20.3102 14 19.927 19.9462

18 20.310 20.3502 14 20.026 20.0562

18 20.320 20.3402 14 19.947 19.9662

18 20.340 20.3102 14 20.101 20.1012

15 20.160 20.1302

15 20.100 20.0302

15 20.090 20.0502

15 20.030 20.0202

15 20.080 20.0102

15 20.050 19.9602

16 20.090 20.1102

16 20.130 20.1502

16 20.160 20.1502

16 20.050 20.0502

16 20.060 20.0902
133

16 20.060 20.0402

17 20.040 20.0002

17 20.040 20.0102

17 20.090 20.1102

17 19.900 19.9002

17 19.900 19.9002

17 19.910 19.9102

18 20.058 20.0802

18 20.056 20.0572

18 20.000 19.9552

18 20.037 20.0542

18 20.135 20.1232

18 20.176 20.1792

19 20.090 20.1802

19 20.140 20.1802

19 20.190 20.1502

19 20.150 20.2202

19 20.200 20.2202

19 20.200 20.2602

20 19.980 19.9702

20 20.040 20.0302

20 20.020 20.0902

20 20.080 20.0602

20 20.130 20.1402

20 20.030 20.0202

21 20.015 20.0082

21 20.015 20.0082

21 20.093 20.0752

21 20.121 20.1522

21 20.121 20.1522

21 20.157 20.1302

22 20.110 20.1302

22 20.180 20.2002

22 20.210 20.2302

22 20.160 20.1902

22 20.160 20.1802

22 20.230 20.2302
134

Al2O3

Al2O3: Glass Preparation Al2O3: Powder Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement

1 2.7050 2.7210 1 1 2.6600 2.6600 1

1 2.7270 2.7210 1 1 2.6600 2.6600 1

1 2.7170 2.7210 1 1 2.6500 2.6400 1

1 2.7340 2.7240 1 1 2.6600 2.6600 1

1 2.7510 2.7270 1 1 2.6700 2.6500 1

1 2.7340 2.7360 1 1 2.6600 2.6500 1

2 2.6650 2.6670 1 2 2.6800 2.6800 1

2 2.7350 2.7360 1 2 2.7100 2.7000 1

2 2.7430 2.7400 1 2 2.7400 2.7400 1

2 2.7350 2.7460 1 2 2.7000 2.6700 1

2 2.7590 2.7550 1 2 2.7100 2.7200 1

2 2.7510 2.7560 1 2 2.7100 2.6500 1

3 2.7230 2.7260 1 4 2.7040 2.7060 1

3 2.7260 2.7270 1 4 2.6910 2.6910 1

3 2.7300 2.7280 1 4 2.7170 2.7190 1

3 2.7310 2.7320 1 4 2.7390 2.7430 1

3 2.7310 2.7320 1 4 2.7400 2.7410 1

3 2.7310 2.7320 1 4 2.7400 2.7370 1

4 2.7300 2.7300 1 5 2.7400 2.7400 1

4 2.7300 2.7300 1 5 2.7400 2.7400 1

4 2.7300 2.7300 1 5 2.7400 2.7400 1

4 2.7300 2.7300 1 5 2.7400 2.7500 1

4 2.7300 2.7300 1 5 2.7400 2.7400 1

4 2.7400 2.7400 1 5 2.7300 2.7300 1

5 2.7280 2.7280 1 6 2.7500 2.7600 1

5 2.7260 2.7300 1 6 2.7500 2.7500 1

5 2.7310 2.7310 1 6 2.7600 2.7300 1

5 2.7320 2.7320 1 6 2.7500 2.7400 1

5 2.7280 2.7330 1 6 2.7500 2.7500 1

5 2.7320 2.7340 1 6 2.7400 2.7500 1

6 2.7400 2.7300 1 7 2.7200 2.7500 1

6 2.7300 2.7300 1 7 2.7200 2.7400 1

6 2.7300 2.7400 1 7 2.7300 2.7200 1

6 2.7300 2.7400 1 7 2.7200 2.7400 1

6 2.7300 2.7400 1 7 2.7200 2.7300 1

6 2.7400 2.7400 1 7 2.7300 2.7300 1

7 2.6800 2.6800 1 8 2.8500 2.8600 1

7 2.6800 2.6900 1 8 2.8300 2.8300 1

7 2.6900 2.6900 1 8 2.8400 2.8300 1

7 2.6900 2.6900 1 8 2.8300 2.8300 1

7 2.7000 2.7000 1 8 2.8300 2.8300 1

7 2.7000 2.7000 1 8 2.8100 2.8100 1

8 2.7340 2.7370 1 9 2.8200 2.8100 1

8 2.7410 2.7370 1 9 2.7700 2.7700 1

8 2.7420 2.7430 1 9 2.7600 2.7700 1

8 2.7290 2.7440 1 9 2.8300 2.8100 1
135

8 2.7470 2.746019 2.7600 2.75001

8 2.7410 2.747019 2.7600 2.74001

9 2.7800 2.78001 10 2.8100 2.81001

9 2.7800 2.78001 10 2.8200 2.82001

9 2.7900 2.78001 10 2.8100 2.81001

9 2.7900 2.79001 10 2.8000 2.80001

9 2.7900 2.79001 10 2.8000 2.80001

9 2.7800 2.79001 10 2.8000 2.80001

10 2.6800 2.68001 11 2.7971 2.80501

10 2.6800 2.68001 11 2.7821 2.79041

10 2.6800 2.68001 11 2.7969 2.80031

10 2.6700 2.69001 11 2.7950 2.80521

10 2.7500 2.69001 11 2.7789 2.78081

10 2.6800 2.70001 11 2.7819 2.78521

11 2.7300 2.72001 12 2.6880 2.67801

11 2.7400 2.73001 12 2.6750 2.67101

11 2.7400 2.73001 12 2.6730 2.68101

11 2.7300 2.74001 12 2.6630 2.68601

11 2.7400 2.75001 12 2.6880 2.68101

11 2.7500 2.75001 12 2.6720 2.67601

12 2.7610 2.76301 13 2.7400 2.73701

12 2.7610 2.77401 13 2.7270 2.73501

12 2.7730 2.77801 13 2.7230 2.72201

12 2.7840 2.78201 13 2.7350 2.73401

12 2.7770 2.78801 13 2.7240 2.71501

12 2.7940 2.78901 13 2.7130 2.71201

13 2.7200 2.72001 14 2.7490 2.75001

13 2.7200 2.72001 14 2.7920 2.79401

13 2.7200 2.73001 14 2.7740 2.77201

13 2.7400 2.73001 14 2.7800 2.78501

13 2.7400 2.74001 14 2.7540 2.76101

13 2.7300 2.74001 14 2.7620 2.76101

14 2.7900 2.78001 15 2.7100 2.72001

14 2.7800 2.78001 15 2.7200 2.72001

14 2.7900 2.79001 15 2.7300 2.73001

14 2.7900 2.79001 15 2.7200 2.73001

14 2.7900 2.79001 15 2.7200 2.72001

14 2.7900 2.79001 15 2.7200 2.71001

15 2.7200 2.72001 16 2.7900 2.79001

15 2.7300 2.73001 16 2.7800 2.79001

15 2.7300 2.73001 16 2.7800 2.79001

15 2.7300 2.73001 16 2.7800 2.79001

15 2.7300 2.74001 16 2.7800 2.77001

15 2.7300 2.74001 16 2.7800 2.78001

1 4.2120 4.20502 17 2.7385 2.73901

1 4.2230 4.21102 17 2.6974 2.69961

1 4.2350 4.21502 17 2.6932 2.69221

1 4.2220 4.21902 17 2.7116 2.71091

1 4.2160 4.22102 17 2.6964 2.69421
136

1 4.2270 4.23302 17 2.7027 2.70281

2 4.1860 4.16902 18 2.7350 2.73601

2 4.2580 4.23402 18 2.7460 2.74701

2 4.2420 4.23602 18 2.7370 2.74101

2 4.2510 4.23802 18 2.7620 2.76101

2 4.2460 4.23902 18 2.7460 2.74501

2 4.2350 4.24502 18 2.7550 2.75801

3 4.2460 4.23902 19 2.7000 2.70001

3 4.2420 4.24302 19 2.7000 2.70001

3 4.2440 4.24402 19 2.7000 2.70001

3 4.2460 4.24602 19 2.7400 2.74001

3 4.2450 4.24702 19 2.7200 2.72001

3 4.2530 4.25002 19 2.7100 2.71001

4 4.2100 4.20002 20 2.7900 2.79001

4 4.2100 4.21002 20 2.7900 2.79001

4 4.2200 4.22002 20 2.8000 2.80001

4 4.2200 4.22002 20 2.8000 2.80001

4 4.2100 4.22002 20 2.8000 2.80001

4 4.2300 4.22002 20 2.8000 2.79001

5 4.2310 4.23702 21 2.7553 2.74231

5 4.2400 4.23802 21 2.7504 2.74421

5 4.2400 4.23802 21 2.7499 2.74811

5 4.2440 4.23802 21 2.7396 2.74091

5 4.2380 4.24002 21 2.7565 2.75151

5 4.2460 4.24002 21 2.7564 2.75221

6 4.2500 4.24002 22 2.7200 2.72001

6 4.2500 4.24002 22 2.7100 2.71001

6 4.2600 4.25002 22 2.7100 2.71001

6 4.2500 4.25002 22 2.7100 2.71001

6 4.2400 4.25002 22 2.7100 2.71001

6 4.2600 4.26002 22 2.7100 2.71001

7 4.1500 4.15002 23 2.7100 2.71001

7 4.1600 4.15002 23 2.7200 2.72001

7 4.1700 4.17002 23 2.7100 2.72001

7 4.1800 4.17002 23 2.7000 2.71001

7 4.1700 4.17002 23 2.7100 2.72001

7 4.1800 4.19002 23 2.7100 2.71001

8 4.2390 4.23502 24 2.8000 2.80001

8 4.2460 4.24102 24 2.7900 2.80001

8 4.2350 4.24202 24 2.8000 2.80001

8 4.2490 4.24902 24 2.8100 2.81001

8 4.2430 4.25002 24 2.8100 2.81001

8 4.2330 4.25302 24 2.7900 2.79001

9 4.3000 4.290021 4.2400 4.23002

9 4.3000 4.290021 4.2700 4.27002

9 4.3000 4.300021 4.2600 4.27002

9 4.3100 4.300021 4.2400 4.25002

9 4.2900 4.300021 4.2700 4.27002

9 4.3000 4.310021 4.2600 4.27002
137

10 4.2400 4.240022 4.3100 4.33002

10 4.2600 4.240022 4.1700 4.18002

10 4.2500 4.240022 4.3000 4.30002

10 4.2400 4.250022 4.3000 4.26002

10 4.2700 4.280022 4.2400 4.27002

10 4.2900 4.370022 4.2600 4.27002

11 4.2400 4.210024 4.2030 4.20502

11 4.2200 4.230024 4.2090 4.20902

11 4.2300 4.230024 4.2250 4.21902

11 4.2300 4.230024 4.2130 4.21602

11 4.2300 4.240024 4.2290 4.22702

11 4.2300 4.250024 4.2710 4.26002

12 4.2650 4.249025 4.2300 4.23002

12 4.2360 4.253025 4.2300 4.24002

12 4.2550 4.260025 4.2400 4.23002

12 4.2530 4.263025 4.2200 4.22002

12 4.2520 4.268025 4.2500 4.25002

12 4.2560 4.269025 4.2300 4.23002

13 4.2200 4.220026 4.2400 4.24002

13 4.2300 4.220026 4.2500 4.25002

13 4.2200 4.220026 4.2400 4.25002

13 4.2300 4.230026 4.2500 4.24002

13 4.2400 4.240026 4.2400 4.26002

13 4.2400 4.240026 4.2500 4.25002

14 4.2800 4.270027 4.2600 4.25002

14 4.2800 4.280027 4.2500 4.25002

14 4.2800 4.280027 4.2500 4.24002

14 4.2800 4.280027 4.2400 4.23002

14 4.2700 4.280027 4.2600 4.24002

14 4.2700 4.280027 4.2400 4.25002

15 4.2300 4.210028 4.3300 4.33002

15 4.2300 4.220028 4.3400 4.34002

15 4.2300 4.230028 4.3400 4.34002

15 4.2300 4.230028 4.3200 4.33002

15 4.2300 4.240028 4.3300 4.33002

15 4.2400 4.240028 4.3400 4.34002

9 4.2700 4.23002

9 4.2600 4.21002

9 4.2600 4.22002

9 4.2200 4.17002

9 4.2600 4.19002

9 4.2500 4.19002

10 4.2800 4.29002

10 4.3000 4.29002

10 4.3000 4.30002

10 4.2900 4.29002

10 4.2900 4.30002

10 4.2900 4.30002

11 4.3218 4.33492
138

11 4.3297 4.31912

11 4.3137 4.32182

11 4.2969 4.30062

11 4.3187 4.31262

11 4.3149 4.31752

12 4.1990 4.21402

12 4.1950 4.19002

12 4.2070 4.20702

12 4.1980 4.18402

12 4.1880 4.19902

12 4.2000 4.21002

13 4.2010 4.21802

13 4.2140 4.22102

13 4.2240 4.21702

13 4.1860 4.18602

13 4.2130 4.21702

13 4.1950 4.21302

14 4.1950 4.19302

14 4.1880 4.18302

14 4.1960 4.19602

14 4.1920 4.20002

14 4.2060 4.20102

14 4.2150 4.22702

15 4.2300 4.22002

15 4.2700 4.25002

15 4.2800 4.27002

15 4.2300 4.23002

15 4.2800 4.26002

15 4.2700 4.26002

16 4.2800 4.29002

16 4.2800 4.28002

16 4.2900 4.30002

16 4.2500 4.26002

16 4.2700 4.27002

16 4.2600 4.27002

17 4.2259 4.22772

17 4.1953 4.19672

17 4.1866 4.18602

17 4.2004 4.21022

17 4.2093 4.20662

17 4.2099 4.21012

18 4.3000 4.31302

18 4.2970 4.30402

18 4.3900 4.39102

18 4.3910 4.38702

18 4.3590 4.35202

18 4.3050 4.29202

19 4.2000 4.20002

19 4.2100 4.21002
139

19 4.2000 4.2000 2

19 4.2100 4.2100 2

19 4.2100 4.2100 2

19 4.2100 4.2200 2

20 4.2700 4.2700 2

20 4.2600 4.2600 2

20 4.2700 4.2700 2

20 4.2700 4.2700 2

20 4.2700 4.2700 2

20 4.2700 4.2700 2

21 4.2652 4.2689 2

21 4.2652 4.2689 2

21 4.2692 4.2667 2

21 4.2654 4.2678 2

21 4.2654 4.2678 2

21 4.2600 4.2580 2

22 4.2200 4.2100 2

22 4.2100 4.2200 2

22 4.2100 4.2200 2

22 4.2100 4.2100 2

22 4.2100 4.2200 2

22 4.2000 4.2100 2

23 4.2200 4.2100 2

23 4.2200 4.2200 2

23 4.1900 4.2000 2

23 4.2000 4.2000 2

23 4.2100 4.2100 2

23 4.2000 4.2000 2

24 4.2100 4.2300 2

24 4.2400 4.2200 2

24 4.2100 4.2100 2

24 4.2200 4.2200 2

24 4.2100 4.2100 2

24 4.2200 4.2100 2
140

Fe2O3

Fe2O3: Glass Preparation Fe2O3: Powder Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement

1 4.913 4.916 1 1 4.720 4.780 1

1 4.895 4.922 1 1 4.820 4.810 1

1 4.944 4.924 1 1 4.790 4.790 1

1 4.921 4.918 1 1 4.680 4.740 1

1 4.953 4.987 1 1 4.770 4.760 1

1 4.953 4.932 1 1 4.720 4.680 1

2 5.030 5.026 1 2 4.730 4.750 1

2 5.016 5.009 1 2 4.740 4.750 1

2 5.013 5.012 1 2 4.750 4.750 1

2 5.041 5.023 1 2 4.720 4.730 1

2 5.036 5.026 1 2 4.750 4.720 1

2 5.020 5.016 1 2 4.700 4.700 1

3 4.980 4.980 1 3 4.735 4.764 1

3 4.960 4.980 1 3 4.731 4.732 1

3 4.970 4.970 1 3 4.705 4.723 1

3 4.960 4.970 1 3 4.749 4.754 1

3 4.980 4.980 1 3 4.741 4.734 1

3 4.960 4.980 1 3 4.667 4.647 1

4 4.973 4.967 1 4 4.803 4.797 1

4 4.957 4.955 1 4 4.899 4.908 1

4 4.977 4.979 1 4 4.862 4.867 1

4 4.996 4.968 1 4 4.820 4.829 1

4 4.971 4.969 1 4 4.873 4.885 1

4 4.992 4.986 1 4 4.827 4.831 1

5 4.970 4.950 1 5 4.960 4.950 1

5 4.960 4.950 1 5 4.940 4.940 1

5 4.940 4.980 1 5 4.930 4.930 1

5 5.020 4.990 1 5 4.960 4.960 1

5 4.980 5.000 1 5 4.940 4.940 1

5 4.970 4.980 1 5 4.960 4.960 1

6 5.130 5.140 1 6 4.850 4.860 1

6 5.150 5.150 1 6 4.830 4.860 1

6 5.140 5.120 1 6 4.840 4.850 1

6 5.130 5.120 1 6 4.800 4.820 1

6 5.140 5.150 1 6 4.810 4.810 1

6 5.130 5.130 1 6 4.830 4.810 1

7 5.002 4.979 1 7 4.790 4.800 1

7 5.032 5.027 1 7 4.790 4.800 1

7 5.017 5.006 1 7 4.780 4.790 1

7 4.979 4.986 1 7 4.810 4.800 1

7 4.973 4.973 1 7 4.780 4.780 1

7 4.998 5.000 1 7 4.800 4.790 1

8 5.020 5.010 1 8 4.990 4.980 1

8 5.030 4.980 1 8 5.000 5.000 1

8 5.010 5.020 1 8 4.990 5.000 1

8 4.990 5.010 1 8 4.990 4.970 1
141

8 5.030 5.00018 4.960 4.9801

8 5.000 5.01018 4.980 5.0001

9 4.990 4.98019 4.820 4.8301

9 5.000 4.98019 4.830 4.8401

9 4.950 4.94019 4.820 4.8201

9 4.940 4.93019 4.840 4.8401

9 4.990 4.96019 4.820 4.8301

9 4.940 4.95019 4.830 4.8401

10 4.930 4.9701 10 4.830 4.8401

10 4.940 4.9101 10 4.860 4.8601

10 4.980 4.9401 10 4.820 4.8301

10 4.980 4.9701 10 4.830 4.8401

10 4.920 4.9701 10 4.860 4.8801

10 4.920 4.9301 10 4.840 4.8301

11 4.990 5.0001 11 4.884 4.8871

11 5.000 4.9901 11 4.880 4.8881

11 5.000 4.9801 11 4.892 4.8901

11 5.050 5.0501 11 4.895 4.9031

11 5.010 5.0501 11 4.881 4.8771

11 5.020 5.0001 11 4.880 4.8821

12 5.019 5.0431 13 4.748 4.7891

12 5.044 5.0801 13 4.751 4.7631

12 5.036 5.0881 13 4.761 4.7521

12 5.059 5.0881 13 4.768 4.7691

12 5.122 5.1051 13 4.769 4.7701

12 5.103 5.0791 13 4.791 4.7541

13 4.950 5.0001 14 4.740 4.7501

13 4.980 5.0201 14 4.780 4.7601

13 5.010 5.0001 14 4.800 4.7701

13 4.990 5.0101 14 4.810 4.8001

13 4.980 5.0201 14 4.790 4.8001

13 5.020 5.0301 14 4.800 4.7901

14 5.030 5.0301 15 4.743 4.7981

14 5.020 5.0201 15 4.743 4.7911

14 5.010 5.0001 15 4.767 4.7941

14 5.000 5.0001 15 4.729 4.8001

14 5.010 5.0301 15 4.770 4.7761

14 5.020 5.0401 15 4.764 4.7911

15 5.100 5.1001 16 4.906 4.9131

15 5.050 5.0401 16 4.960 4.9631

15 5.040 5.0401 16 4.931 4.9401

15 5.040 5.0401 16 5.027 5.0311

15 5.030 5.0401 16 4.956 4.9601

15 5.010 5.0201 16 4.953 4.9481

16 5.048 5.0261 17 4.810 4.8201

16 5.044 5.0391 17 4.800 4.7801

16 5.048 5.0521 17 4.780 4.7801

16 5.058 5.0431 17 4.760 4.8001

16 5.048 5.0391 17 4.760 4.7601
142

16 5.049 5.0271 17 4.760 4.7901

17 5.010 5.0201 18 4.830 4.8501

17 5.020 5.0101 18 4.820 4.8201

17 5.030 5.0101 18 4.840 4.8401

17 5.020 5.0101 18 4.830 4.8301

17 5.030 5.0401 18 4.830 4.8301

17 5.020 5.0301 18 4.820 4.8301

1 5.047 5.0302 19 4.880 4.8851

1 5.046 5.0492 19 4.809 4.8291

1 5.025 5.0562 19 4.822 4.8251

1 5.064 5.0702 19 4.821 4.8161

1 5.035 5.0382 19 4.813 4.8091

1 5.068 5.0742 19 4.823 4.8241

2 5.145 5.1262 20 4.840 4.8401

2 5.132 5.1432 20 4.800 4.8301

2 5.126 5.1322 20 4.770 4.7801

2 5.149 5.1462 20 4.850 4.8701

2 5.143 5.1282 20 4.800 4.8201

2 5.132 5.1392 20 4.790 4.8001

3 5.120 5.1102 21 4.900 4.8901

3 5.120 5.1302 21 4.890 4.9001

3 5.110 5.1202 21 4.860 4.8501

3 5.120 5.1202 21 4.910 4.9101

3 5.100 5.1002 21 4.880 4.8901

3 5.120 5.1102 21 4.880 4.8801

4 5.091 5.0952 22 4.710 4.7051

4 5.096 5.0872 22 4.714 4.7101

4 5.088 5.0872 22 4.710 4.7091

4 5.109 5.1022 22 4.684 4.6831

4 5.118 5.1252 22 4.700 4.6891

4 5.107 5.1272 22 4.702 4.6941

5 5.080 5.07021 4.970 4.9002

5 5.120 5.10021 4.930 4.9502

5 5.080 5.09021 4.960 4.9502

5 5.150 5.14021 4.910 4.9702

5 5.140 5.12021 4.930 4.9802

5 5.110 5.14021 4.960 4.9402

6 5.250 5.24022 5.240 5.2202

6 5.280 5.26022 5.220 5.1802

6 5.270 5.30022 5.220 5.2202

6 5.230 5.27022 5.230 5.2202

6 5.260 5.30022 5.220 5.2302

6 5.260 5.26022 5.220 5.2002

7 5.141 5.12323 5.293 5.3062

7 5.137 5.15623 5.278 5.2822

7 5.133 5.16623 5.301 5.2902

7 5.138 5.14523 5.309 5.3372

7 5.182 5.15023 5.335 5.3562

7 5.149 5.15123 5.324 5.3232
143

8 5.130 5.13024 5.118 5.1172

8 5.150 5.11024 5.127 5.1212

8 5.140 5.14024 5.093 5.0992

8 5.110 5.11024 5.154 5.1662

8 5.110 5.14024 5.119 5.1202

8 5.100 5.12024 5.118 5.1252

9 5.080 5.08025 5.280 5.2702

9 5.070 5.08025 5.280 5.2702

9 5.130 5.09025 5.290 5.2902

9 5.090 5.06025 5.240 5.2602

9 5.060 5.06025 5.280 5.2802

9 5.130 5.07025 5.270 5.2702

10 5.050 5.01026 5.060 5.0602

10 5.020 5.02026 5.060 5.0702

10 5.000 5.00026 5.050 5.0602

10 4.940 5.04026 5.070 5.0602

10 5.010 5.07026 5.070 5.0902

10 5.050 5.04026 5.080 5.0502

11 5.100 5.12027 5.020 5.0302

11 5.140 5.12027 5.020 5.0302

11 5.130 5.10027 5.040 5.0202

11 5.120 5.13027 5.020 5.0102

11 5.130 5.14027 5.020 5.0202

11 5.150 5.11027 5.040 5.0402

12 5.162 5.18028 5.290 5.2602

12 5.135 5.20328 5.270 5.2802

12 5.191 5.24528 5.290 5.2902

12 5.200 5.16328 5.260 5.2702

12 5.175 5.18328 5.310 5.3002

12 5.185 5.19728 5.280 5.2702

13 5.090 5.07029 5.160 5.1502

13 5.120 5.11029 5.130 5.1502

13 5.120 5.15029 5.120 5.1202

13 5.020 5.06029 5.140 5.1402

13 5.080 5.09029 5.130 5.1402

13 5.120 5.15029 5.140 5.1402

14 5.140 5.1502 10 5.220 5.2102

14 5.130 5.1502 10 5.170 5.1702

14 5.120 5.1202 10 5.220 5.2202

14 5.140 5.1402 10 5.170 5.1602

14 5.180 5.2102 10 5.210 5.2202

14 5.150 5.1602 10 5.140 5.1402

15 5.200 5.2102 11 5.099 5.0872

15 5.240 5.2302 11 5.088 5.0952

15 5.220 5.2102 11 5.082 5.0782

15 5.190 5.2102 11 5.020 5.0362

15 5.190 5.1802 11 5.063 5.0662

15 5.200 5.2102 11 5.085 5.0682

16 5.169 5.1642 13 5.292 5.3032
144

16 5.169 5.1642 13 5.327 5.3142

16 5.166 5.1622 13 5.320 5.2852

16 5.172 5.1652 13 5.311 5.3102

16 5.172 5.1652 13 5.319 5.3182

16 5.173 5.1612 13 5.305 5.3012

17 5.140 5.1302 14 5.020 5.0302

17 5.120 5.1302 14 5.050 5.0502

17 5.140 5.1502 14 5.070 5.0702

17 5.160 5.1702 14 5.030 5.0102

17 5.160 5.1602 14 5.020 5.0302

17 5.160 5.1502 14 5.040 5.0302

15 4.969 5.0082

15 4.976 5.0292

15 5.010 5.0392

15 4.947 5.0402

15 5.011 5.0562

15 5.005 5.0182

16 5.210 5.2032

16 5.197 5.2112

16 5.217 5.2172

16 5.221 5.2112

16 5.204 5.2002

16 5.233 5.2312

17 5.160 5.1302

17 5.150 5.1602

17 5.140 5.1402

17 5.120 5.1202

17 5.140 5.1102

17 5.110 5.1402

18 5.050 5.0402

18 5.060 5.0502

18 5.060 5.0602

18 5.010 5.0202

18 5.020 5.0102

18 5.030 5.0202

19 5.097 5.1142

19 5.047 5.0462

19 5.096 5.1372

19 5.081 5.0892

19 5.070 5.0642

19 5.071 5.0762

20 5.060 5.1002

20 5.070 5.1002

20 5.070 5.1102

20 5.070 5.0902

20 5.100 5.1102

20 5.070 5.1002

21 5.170 5.1702

21 5.180 5.1902
145

21 5.180 5.190 2

21 5.200 5.200 2

21 5.240 5.240 2

21 5.160 5.160 2

22 4.991 4.982 2

22 4.991 4.982 2

22 5.018 5.019 2

22 5.011 5.002 2

22 5.011 5.002 2

22 5.011 5.010 2
146

CaO

CaO: Glass 

Preparation

CaO: Powder 

Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1

Duplicate 

2

Cemen

t Lab Duplicate 1

Duplicate 

2

Cemen

t

1 64.180 64.190 1 1 63.877 63.818 1

1 64.160 64.250 1 1 63.903 63.923 1

1 64.230 64.290 1 1 63.814 63.789 1

1 64.050 64.200 1 1 64.052 63.994 1

1 64.120 64.000 1 1 64.061 64.155 1

1 64.100 64.020 1 1 63.871 63.883 1

2 64.140 64.180 1 2 63.384 63.391 1

2 64.370 64.300 1 2 63.764 63.777 1

2 64.010 64.040 1 2 63.680 63.692 1

2 64.050 64.000 1 2 63.659 63.654 1

2 64.360 64.350 1 2 63.410 63.374 1

2 64.070 64.100 1 2 63.526 63.514 1

3 63.840 63.740 1 3 63.910 64.120 1

3 63.720 63.800 1 3 64.190 64.230 1

3 63.820 63.730 1 3 64.260 64.350 1

3 64.030 63.640 1 3 64.070 64.090 1

3 64.010 63.790 1 3 64.220 64.170 1

3 63.860 63.930 1 3 64.230 64.290 1

4 63.207 63.194 1 4 64.210 64.230 1

4 63.139 63.227 1 4 64.140 64.140 1

4 63.264 63.147 1 4 64.120 64.160 1

4 63.287 63.224 1 4 64.250 64.230 1

4 63.486 63.322 1 4 63.990 64.030 1

4 63.207 63.274 1 4 63.700 63.940 1

5 63.627 63.652 1 5 63.880 63.960 1

5 63.679 63.665 1 5 63.900 63.960 1

5 63.597 63.701 1 5 63.910 63.980 1

5 63.801 63.720 1 5 63.920 63.930 1

5 63.711 63.668 1 5 63.790 63.820 1

5 63.772 63.772 1 5 63.900 63.950 1

6 64.250 64.300 1 6 64.150 64.230 1

6 64.020 64.030 1 6 64.180 64.270 1

6 63.940 63.950 1 6 64.190 64.270 1

6 63.830 63.910 1 6 64.360 64.420 1

6 64.200 64.240 1 6 64.190 64.300 1

6 64.180 64.340 1 6 64.250 64.310 1

7 63.510 63.580 1 7 63.550 63.950 1

7 63.540 63.600 1 7 63.880 63.910 1

7 63.630 63.640 1 7 63.810 64.020 1

7 63.680 63.660 1 7 63.640 63.710 1

7 63.740 63.670 1 7 63.840 63.810 1

7 63.620 63.750 1 7 63.780 63.980 1

8 64.280 64.300 1 8 63.850 64.040 1

8 64.350 64.400 1 8 63.930 64.000 1
147

8 64.350 64.31018 63.990 64.0101

8 64.310 64.31018 64.040 64.1401

8 64.230 64.25018 64.130 64.2401

8 64.280 64.26018 64.240 64.2501

9 63.610 63.60519 63.920 63.9301

9 63.753 63.49419 64.200 64.1301

9 63.706 63.44119 64.040 64.1001

9 63.704 63.68219 64.030 64.0501

9 63.487 63.49819 64.010 64.0901

9 63.517 63.46219 64.070 64.1301

10 63.970 63.7901 10 63.650 63.6401

10 64.040 64.0201 10 64.010 63.8401

10 63.900 63.9501 10 64.020 64.1101

10 64.040 64.0701 10 63.810 63.7801

10 63.980 63.9901 10 63.850 63.8401

10 63.990 64.0801 10 63.810 63.8001

11 63.430 63.3981 11 64.800 64.8001

11 63.436 63.4541 11 64.710 64.7001

11 63.188 63.4411 11 64.720 64.7401

11 63.288 63.4071 11 64.640 64.7301

11 63.413 63.3881 11 64.680 64.6501

11 63.483 63.2431 11 64.660 64.6801

12 64.180 64.2101 12 64.820 64.7001

12 64.250 64.3001 12 64.790 64.7901

12 64.240 64.2401 12 64.770 64.6401

12 63.900 63.9301 12 64.720 64.7901

12 64.080 64.1501 12 64.790 64.9201

12 64.050 64.0601 12 64.410 64.5701

13 63.872 63.8551 13 63.890 63.8501

13 63.861 63.8431 13 64.100 64.1101

13 63.906 63.8811 13 64.090 64.1101

13 63.846 63.8411 13 63.940 63.9701

13 63.871 63.8751 13 64.040 64.0701

13 63.912 63.8931 13 64.070 64.1001

14 64.330 64.2901 14 63.396 63.3841

14 64.280 64.2301 14 63.597 63.6111

14 64.190 64.2501 14 63.684 63.6971

14 64.200 64.2901 14 63.395 63.3581

14 64.200 64.3101 14 63.523 63.5611

14 64.410 64.2901 14 63.822 63.8281

15 63.119 63.1431 15 64.220 64.2101

15 63.316 63.3171 15 64.290 64.2701

15 63.301 63.3191 15 64.270 64.2501

15 63.519 63.5631 15 64.250 64.2601

15 63.212 63.1321 15 64.270 64.3401

15 63.197 63.1621 15 64.060 64.1601

16 64.240 64.2401 16 64.096 63.9871

16 64.190 64.2001 16 64.188 63.9921

16 64.310 64.2401 16 64.104 64.0761
148

16 64.450 64.4501 16 63.851 63.8961

16 64.350 64.3701 16 64.239 64.0461

16 64.510 64.5601 16 64.084 64.0791

17 63.920 63.8601 17 64.110 64.2001

17 63.930 63.9001 17 64.170 64.1901

17 63.960 64.0201 17 64.200 64.2001

17 63.950 63.9301 17 64.170 64.1901

17 63.840 63.8101 17 64.210 64.1501

17 63.960 63.9601 17 64.220 64.2401

1 63.930 63.9402 18 63.269 63.3021

1 63.850 63.8402 18 63.576 63.6041

1 63.700 63.7002 18 63.373 63.3761

1 63.530 63.4402 18 63.460 63.4831

1 63.620 63.5002 18 63.608 63.6231

1 63.650 63.6202 18 63.511 63.5231

2 63.440 63.4002 19 63.800 63.7901

2 63.680 63.6802 19 63.910 63.9301

2 63.970 63.9802 19 64.010 64.0801

2 63.610 63.6202 19 64.030 64.0901

2 63.990 63.9602 19 64.100 64.1101

2 63.510 63.5502 19 64.030 64.0901

3 63.490 63.5202 20 64.765 64.7981

3 63.410 63.4702 20 64.742 64.7661

3 63.580 63.6002 20 64.688 64.7251

3 63.760 63.9202 20 64.815 64.9021

3 63.710 63.5402 20 64.852 64.8931

3 63.670 63.6202 20 64.394 64.4091

4 62.908 62.9152 21 64.760 64.7601

4 62.974 62.6192 21 64.780 64.7101

4 62.712 62.7352 21 64.630 64.5801

4 62.886 62.9422 21 64.570 64.6701

4 62.812 62.8702 21 64.770 64.8701

4 63.051 63.0562 21 64.900 64.8501

5 63.367 63.3512 22 64.294 64.2811

5 63.279 63.4162 22 64.260 64.2661

5 63.491 63.4082 22 64.330 64.3501

5 63.498 63.4842 22 64.349 64.3551

5 63.565 63.4832 22 64.123 64.1221

5 63.477 63.4982 22 64.311 64.3721

6 63.630 63.6202 23 64.010 63.9901

6 63.670 63.6602 23 63.880 63.9201

6 63.540 63.5502 23 63.880 63.8801

6 63.700 63.7302 23 64.070 64.0701

6 63.960 63.9902 23 63.930 63.8701

6 63.970 63.8802 23 64.000 63.9301

7 63.020 63.04021 63.729 63.7552

7 63.070 62.97021 63.499 63.5542

7 63.110 63.01021 63.538 63.5882

7 63.120 62.98021 63.633 63.5612
149

7 63.030 63.03021 63.540 63.5412

7 63.020 62.95021 63.398 63.6192

8 63.820 63.82022 63.405 63.4062

8 63.850 63.77022 63.320 63.3612

8 63.760 63.80022 63.407 63.4232

8 63.860 63.92022 63.446 63.4602

8 63.870 63.80022 63.494 63.4602

8 63.810 63.81022 63.663 63.6852

9 63.033 62.69423 63.830 63.8102

9 62.984 62.69423 63.720 63.7302

9 62.957 62.63623 63.660 63.7402

9 62.738 62.77123 63.760 63.9102

9 62.747 62.75623 63.900 64.0002

9 62.741 62.80323 63.870 63.8402

10 63.730 63.74024 63.590 63.6402

10 63.670 63.61024 63.580 63.5902

10 63.870 63.84024 63.660 63.6902

10 63.870 63.98024 63.600 63.6402

10 63.860 63.90024 63.690 63.6902

10 63.830 63.90024 63.760 63.7702

11 63.061 62.96825 64.070 64.0202

11 63.061 62.96825 64.010 63.9102

11 63.004 63.01225 64.090 64.0602

11 63.020 63.07125 64.080 64.0102

11 63.020 63.07125 64.080 64.0702

11 63.069 62.93425 63.870 63.9402

12 63.790 63.70026 63.740 63.7802

12 63.750 63.61026 63.750 63.8002

12 63.750 63.79026 63.610 63.6802

12 63.690 63.77026 63.740 63.8202

12 63.700 63.73026 63.660 63.7402

12 63.630 63.64026 63.750 63.8502

13 63.615 63.61327 63.120 63.3002

13 63.692 63.66427 63.360 63.4902

13 63.676 63.65427 63.230 63.2602

13 63.586 63.57527 63.340 63.3802

13 63.616 63.61527 63.240 63.4302

13 63.583 63.60127 63.320 63.4002

14 63.700 63.74028 63.440 63.5202

14 63.670 63.76028 63.450 63.5202

14 63.740 63.85028 63.500 63.5102

14 63.820 63.93028 63.610 63.5902

14 63.900 63.94028 63.700 63.7102

14 63.810 63.83028 63.670 63.6602

15 63.369 63.33129 63.750 63.7502

15 63.334 63.33329 63.780 63.6902

15 63.162 63.18529 63.660 63.7002

15 63.473 63.48529 63.690 63.6602

15 63.812 63.83029 63.700 63.7402
150

15 63.292 63.26429 63.840 63.9202

16 63.750 63.7702 10 63.600 63.6602

16 63.650 63.7002 10 63.590 63.5002

16 63.700 63.6802 10 63.580 63.6802

16 63.890 63.8802 10 63.650 63.5602

16 63.990 64.0602 10 63.570 63.6002

16 63.570 63.4902 10 63.600 63.6502

17 63.730 63.7402 11 64.170 64.3402

17 63.800 63.7702 11 64.260 64.2302

17 63.790 63.7802 11 64.340 64.2202

17 63.830 63.8302 11 64.060 64.1602

17 63.820 63.8802 11 64.130 64.1702

17 63.780 63.8502 11 64.150 64.1302

12 64.050 64.1402

12 64.050 64.1402

12 64.230 64.3402

12 64.250 64.2902

12 64.250 64.2902

12 64.260 64.2502

13 63.390 63.3902

13 63.390 63.3902

13 63.480 63.5902

13 63.440 63.4502

13 63.440 63.4502

13 63.510 63.5302

14 63.348 63.3922

14 63.380 63.3822

14 63.185 63.1562

14 63.148 63.3402

14 63.635 63.6392

14 63.668 63.7032

15 63.730 63.7302

15 63.730 63.7602

15 63.870 63.8202

15 63.820 63.8002

15 63.760 63.7802

15 63.810 63.8402

16 63.463 63.4712

16 63.463 63.4712

16 63.536 63.4982

16 63.589 63.5532

16 63.589 63.5532

16 63.542 63.4452

17 63.440 63.4802

17 63.580 63.5402

17 63.640 63.6102

17 63.620 63.6802

17 63.690 63.7202

17 63.610 63.6702
151

18 63.418 63.4392

18 63.479 63.4942

18 63.200 63.2262

18 63.467 63.4832

18 63.397 63.4052

18 63.464 63.4702

19 63.260 63.3902

19 63.440 63.4302

19 63.550 63.4502

19 63.460 63.4602

19 63.390 63.4702

19 63.520 63.5702

20 63.836 63.9312

20 63.989 64.0062

20 64.013 64.0452

20 63.997 64.0352

20 64.125 64.1602

20 64.158 64.1782

21 64.230 64.2102

21 64.230 64.1302

21 64.170 64.1302

21 64.140 64.2202

21 64.370 64.3502

21 64.500 64.4702

22 63.909 63.9142

22 63.936 63.9292

22 63.934 63.9452

22 63.584 63.5682

22 63.968 63.9722

22 63.992 64.0032

23 63.510 63.5202

23 63.540 63.5002

23 63.620 63.6002

23 63.500 63.4802

23 63.660 63.6702

23 63.520 63.5102
152

MgO

MgO: Glass Preparation MgO: Powder Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement

1 1.8770 1.8770 1 1 1.9700 1.9700 1

1 1.8840 1.8680 1 1 1.9700 1.9700 1

1 1.8750 1.8890 1 1 1.9600 1.9200 1

1 1.8970 1.8940 1 1 1.9600 1.9700 1

1 1.8780 1.9140 1 1 1.9900 1.9900 1

1 1.8860 1.9020 1 1 1.9900 2.0100 1

2 1.8880 1.8930 1 2 1.8200 1.8300 1

2 1.9120 1.8990 1 2 1.8200 1.8200 1

2 1.8740 1.9140 1 2 1.8400 1.8400 1

2 1.8660 1.8520 1 2 1.8200 1.8300 1

2 1.8970 1.8920 1 2 1.8300 1.8300 1

2 1.7920 1.8000 1 2 1.8300 1.8100 1

3 1.8660 1.8580 1 3 1.7700 1.7740 1

3 1.8610 1.8570 1 3 1.7860 1.8000 1

3 1.8720 1.8550 1 3 1.8070 1.7990 1

3 2.2730 2.2390 1 3 1.7980 1.8050 1

3 2.2420 2.2570 1 3 1.8080 1.8070 1

3 2.2730 2.2680 1 3 1.8020 1.7880 1

4 1.9070 1.9080 1 4 1.7420 1.7460 1

4 1.9040 1.9120 1 4 1.7490 1.7460 1

4 1.9150 1.9060 1 4 1.7370 1.7350 1

4 1.9080 1.9090 1 4 1.7300 1.7290 1

4 1.9030 1.9120 1 4 1.7400 1.7410 1

4 1.9030 1.9050 1 4 1.7440 1.7460 1

5 1.9000 1.8900 1 5 1.9000 1.9300 1

5 1.9000 1.8900 1 5 1.8900 1.9100 1

5 1.9000 1.8900 1 5 1.9100 1.9100 1

5 1.9000 1.9000 1 5 1.9300 1.9200 1

5 1.9000 1.8800 1 5 1.8900 1.8900 1

5 1.8900 1.9000 1 5 1.9300 1.9200 1

6 1.8980 1.8970 1 6 1.8500 1.8500 1

6 1.8940 1.8990 1 6 1.8400 1.8400 1

6 1.8990 1.8980 1 6 1.8400 1.8400 1

6 1.9170 1.9110 1 6 1.8700 1.8500 1

6 1.9080 1.9030 1 6 1.8300 1.8400 1

6 1.9060 1.9140 1 6 1.8400 1.8400 1

7 1.9100 1.9300 1 7 1.8600 1.8700 1

7 1.9000 1.9100 1 7 1.8300 1.8400 1

7 1.9200 1.9200 1 7 1.8300 1.8300 1

7 1.9000 1.9100 1 7 1.8500 1.8600 1

7 1.9000 1.9000 1 7 1.8300 1.8300 1

7 1.9000 1.9000 1 7 1.8300 1.8200 1

8 1.9800 1.9900 1 8 1.9400 1.9400 1

8 2.0000 2.0100 1 8 1.9300 1.9300 1

8 1.9800 1.9900 1 8 1.9300 1.9200 1

8 1.9800 1.9700 1 8 1.9300 1.9400 1
153

8 1.9800 2.000018 1.9300 1.93001

8 2.0000 1.980018 1.9300 1.92001

9 1.9280 1.935019 1.8400 1.84001

9 1.9380 1.925019 1.8500 1.85001

9 1.9340 1.928019 1.8400 1.84001

9 1.9370 1.930019 1.8600 1.86001

9 1.9280 1.924019 1.8400 1.85001

9 1.9270 1.937019 1.8400 1.84001

10 1.8900 1.86001 10 1.9800 1.98001

10 1.8800 1.86001 10 2.0000 2.00001

10 1.8700 1.89001 10 2.0000 2.01001

10 1.8600 1.90001 10 1.9700 1.97001

10 1.8500 1.87001 10 2.0000 2.00001

10 1.8500 1.88001 10 2.0100 2.00001

11 1.8900 1.88001 11 1.9700 1.97001

11 1.9000 1.89001 11 1.8800 1.88001

11 1.8800 1.88001 11 1.8700 1.87001

11 1.8700 1.87001 11 1.9000 1.89001

11 1.8800 1.88001 11 1.8700 1.87001

11 1.8800 1.88001 11 1.8600 1.88001

12 1.9000 1.93001 12 1.9200 1.92001

12 1.9300 1.92001 12 1.9400 1.93001

12 1.9100 1.90001 12 1.9200 1.92001

12 1.9400 1.93001 12 1.9000 1.92001

12 1.9400 1.91001 12 1.9200 1.93001

12 1.9100 1.91001 12 1.9100 1.92001

13 1.9300 1.93001 13 1.9123 1.91231

13 1.9500 1.93001 13 1.9128 1.91061

13 1.9300 1.94001 13 1.9157 1.92001

13 1.9400 1.94001 13 1.9094 1.91131

13 1.9200 1.93001 13 1.9057 1.90981

13 1.9200 1.94001 13 1.9168 1.91951

14 1.9110 1.93401 14 1.7890 1.80101

14 1.8870 1.92701 14 1.8160 1.77401

14 1.8790 1.93501 14 1.8100 1.79101

14 1.8740 1.88001 14 1.8110 1.81101

14 1.9110 1.90301 14 1.8170 1.82301

14 1.9100 1.89901 14 1.7940 1.79401

15 2.0000 2.01001 15 2.0100 2.02001

15 2.0000 2.00001 15 1.8700 1.87001

15 2.0000 2.01001 15 1.9000 1.90001

15 2.0000 2.02001 15 1.8500 1.87001

15 2.0200 2.00001 15 1.8400 1.87001

15 2.0200 2.00001 15 1.8700 1.87001

16 1.9000 1.91001 16 1.8140 1.81701

16 1.9000 1.92001 16 1.8120 1.81701

16 1.9100 1.89001 16 1.8170 1.82201

16 1.8900 1.88001 16 1.0824 1.82801

16 1.9000 1.91001 16 1.8280 1.83101
154

16 1.8900 1.89001 16 1.8230 1.81601

17 1.9100 1.90001 17 1.8150 1.80801

17 1.8900 1.91001 17 1.8350 1.83601

17 1.9100 1.89001 17 1.8150 1.82401

17 1.8900 1.89001 17 1.8160 1.81301

17 1.8800 1.89001 17 1.8040 1.80501

17 1.8800 1.90001 17 1.8130 1.81201

18 1.9096 1.90791 18 1.7600 1.74001

18 1.9196 1.91591 18 1.7800 1.77001

18 1.9109 1.90351 18 1.8000 1.80001

18 1.9135 1.90401 18 1.7400 1.76001

18 1.9179 1.90431 18 1.7800 1.76001

18 1.9092 1.90981 18 1.7800 1.77001

19 1.9000 1.90001 19 1.8400 1.84001

19 1.9100 1.90001 19 1.8300 1.83001

19 1.9100 1.89001 19 1.8300 1.83001

19 1.8900 1.90001 19 1.8300 1.84001

19 1.8900 1.88001 19 1.8300 1.83001

19 1.9000 1.89001 19 1.8300 1.83001

1 1.0500 1.05002 20 1.9100 1.92001

1 1.0390 1.04102 20 1.8800 1.89001

1 1.0470 1.04202 20 1.9200 1.90001

1 1.0510 1.04302 20 1.9100 1.91001

1 1.0530 1.05002 20 1.9000 1.89001

1 1.0540 1.04502 20 1.9100 1.90001

2 1.0480 1.07102 21 1.8082 1.80691

2 1.0540 1.04202 21 1.8221 1.81861

2 1.0380 1.06202 21 1.8259 1.82081

2 0.9970 1.00502 21 1.8047 1.80081

2 1.0310 1.03802 21 1.8107 1.81681

2 1.0550 1.04302 21 1.8250 1.82281

3 1.0280 1.06002 22 1.6300 1.63901

3 1.0150 1.02402 22 1.6220 1.61601

3 1.0450 1.00602 22 1.6440 1.64801

3 1.4310 1.43802 22 1.6220 1.62701

3 1.4350 1.44802 22 1.6290 1.62701

3 1.4260 1.44102 22 1.4950 1.48701

4 1.0560 1.05202 23 1.8200 1.81001

4 1.0580 1.06202 23 1.8200 1.83001

4 1.0600 1.05702 23 1.8000 1.81001

4 1.0640 1.06702 23 1.8300 1.83001

4 1.0560 1.06002 23 1.8200 1.82001

4 1.0680 1.06102 23 1.8200 1.84001

5 1.0800 1.07002 24 1.8400 1.84001

5 1.0700 1.08002 24 1.8400 1.84001

5 1.0700 1.07002 24 1.8200 1.82001

5 1.0700 1.07002 24 1.8300 1.83001

5 1.0600 1.05002 24 1.8300 1.83001

5 1.0600 1.06002 24 1.8300 1.83001
155

6 1.0650 1.06302 25 1.8321 1.82311

6 1.0630 1.06802 25 1.8293 1.81931

6 1.0660 1.06702 25 1.8236 1.81861

6 1.0730 1.06202 25 1.8116 1.80841

6 1.0650 1.06602 25 1.8206 1.82121

6 1.0650 1.06302 25 1.8239 1.81971

7 1.0700 1.07002 26 1.8200 1.82001

7 1.0600 1.07002 26 1.8200 1.82001

7 1.0700 1.07002 26 1.8000 1.83001

7 1.0700 1.06002 26 1.8200 1.83001

7 1.0600 1.07002 26 1.8400 1.82001

7 1.0600 1.06002 26 1.8200 1.82001

8 1.1100 1.090021 1.1600 1.14002

8 1.0900 1.100021 1.1500 1.13002

8 1.1100 1.100021 1.1200 1.12002

8 1.1000 1.090021 1.1600 1.16002

8 1.1200 1.100021 1.1500 1.13002

8 1.1000 1.100021 1.1500 1.12002

9 1.0710 1.074022 1.1400 1.14002

9 1.0760 1.067022 1.1200 1.12002

9 1.0810 1.066022 1.1200 1.14002

9 1.0750 1.081022 1.1200 1.13002

9 1.0850 1.081022 1.1100 1.14002

9 1.0830 1.074022 1.1100 1.12002

10 1.1100 1.080023 1.1360 1.14502

10 1.1200 1.100023 1.1460 1.15002

10 1.1000 1.100023 1.1320 1.13502

10 1.1000 1.080023 1.1610 1.15202

10 1.0900 1.100023 1.1430 1.13702

10 1.1100 1.100023 1.1360 1.14102

11 1.0500 1.050024 1.0140 1.01402

11 1.0500 1.050024 1.0480 1.04802

11 1.0500 1.050024 0.9970 0.99902

11 1.0400 1.050024 1.0120 1.00902

11 1.0500 1.040024 0.9960 0.99902

11 1.0500 1.050024 0.9940 0.99302

12 1.1000 1.090025 1.1000 1.09002

12 1.1200 1.090025 1.0800 1.05002

12 1.1000 1.070025 1.0700 1.06002

12 1.1100 1.080025 1.0700 1.07002

12 1.0900 1.090025 1.0900 1.10002

12 1.0900 1.090025 1.0900 1.05002

13 1.0800 1.080026 1.1000 1.09002

13 1.0600 1.070026 1.0900 1.09002

13 1.0600 1.070026 1.0800 1.09002

13 1.0500 1.070026 1.1000 1.10002

13 1.0500 1.060026 1.0900 1.09002

13 1.0500 1.060026 1.0800 1.08002

14 1.0330 1.065027 1.0800 1.07002
156

14 1.0350 1.062027 1.0500 1.05002

14 1.0270 1.077027 1.0500 1.05002

14 1.0600 1.049027 1.0600 1.07002

14 1.0570 1.045027 1.0600 1.05002

14 1.0550 1.053027 1.0600 1.04002

15 1.2200 1.230028 1.1400 1.14002

15 1.2300 1.230028 1.1400 1.13002

15 1.2300 1.230028 1.1200 1.12002

15 1.2200 1.230028 1.1200 1.13002

15 1.2300 1.230028 1.1300 1.13002

15 1.2300 1.230028 1.1300 1.14002

16 1.0400 1.050029 1.1100 1.11002

16 1.0500 1.050029 1.1000 1.10002

16 1.0400 1.040029 1.1000 1.10002

16 1.0400 1.050029 1.1100 1.11002

16 1.0400 1.060029 1.1000 1.10002

16 1.0400 1.050029 1.1100 1.11002

17 1.0700 1.08002 10 1.2600 1.26002

17 1.0700 1.07002 10 1.2600 1.25002

17 1.0900 1.08002 10 1.2600 1.25002

17 1.0800 1.07002 10 1.2600 1.26002

17 1.0700 1.08002 10 1.2500 1.25002

17 1.0700 1.07002 10 1.2600 1.25002

18 1.0623 1.05842 11 1.1100 1.11002

18 1.0623 1.05842 11 1.1700 1.17002

18 1.0581 1.05722 11 1.0900 1.10002

18 1.0568 1.05752 11 1.0900 1.09002

18 1.0568 1.05752 11 1.0800 1.09002

18 1.0637 1.05542 11 1.0800 1.09002

19 1.0600 1.05002 12 1.2000 1.20002

19 1.0500 1.06002 12 1.1900 1.19002

19 1.0500 1.05002 12 1.1900 1.20002

19 1.0300 1.05002 12 1.1900 1.19002

19 1.0400 1.04002 12 1.1900 1.19002

19 1.0500 1.04002 12 1.1600 1.16002

13 1.2061 1.20142

13 1.1979 1.20232

13 1.2025 1.19602

13 1.1904 1.19602

13 1.1936 1.19762

13 1.1906 1.19432

14 1.1330 1.10002

14 1.1290 1.10002

14 1.1260 1.11502

14 1.1210 1.11102

14 1.1090 1.11002

14 1.1010 1.10602

15 1.1700 1.18002

15 1.1100 1.11002
157

15 1.1200 1.11002

15 1.1800 1.18002

15 1.1400 1.15002

15 1.1100 1.12002

16 1.0660 1.06702

16 1.0460 1.05602

16 1.0500 1.04602

16 1.0690 1.06702

16 1.0600 1.05802

16 1.0570 1.06002

17 1.0750 1.07402

17 1.0660 1.06802

17 1.0670 1.06902

17 1.0770 1.07402

17 1.0760 1.07702

17 1.0690 1.07302

18 1.0800 1.06002

18 1.0300 1.03002

18 1.0400 1.03002

18 1.0600 1.04002

18 1.0500 1.03002

18 1.0400 1.03002

19 1.0700 1.07002

19 1.0600 1.06002

19 1.0600 1.06002

19 1.0600 1.07002

19 1.0500 1.06002

19 1.0500 1.05002

20 1.1500 1.16002

20 1.1300 1.13002

20 1.1500 1.15002

20 1.1400 1.13002

20 1.1400 1.14002

20 1.1200 1.12002

21 1.0574 1.05012

21 1.0398 1.03972

21 1.0372 1.03782

21 1.0557 1.05652

21 1.0555 1.05542

21 1.0566 1.05632

22 0.9490 0.94702

22 0.9520 0.95202

22 0.9370 0.93402

22 0.9370 0.93902

22 0.9340 0.93002

22 0.9300 0.92902

23 1.0400 1.05002

23 1.0500 1.04002

23 1.0300 1.05002
158

23 1.0500 1.0400 2

23 1.0400 1.0500 2

23 1.0400 1.0500 2

24 1.0800 1.0800 2

24 1.0800 1.0800 2

24 1.0800 1.0900 2

24 1.0900 1.0900 2

24 1.0900 1.1000 2

24 1.0800 1.0800 2

25 1.0235 1.0222 2

25 1.0235 1.0222 2

25 1.0277 1.0299 2

25 1.0251 1.0251 2

25 1.0251 1.0251 2

25 1.0221 1.0230 2

26 1.0500 1.0600 2

26 1.0600 1.0500 2

26 1.0400 1.0500 2

26 1.0500 1.0500 2

26 1.0400 1.0600 2

26 1.0500 1.0400 2
159

SO3

SO3: Glass Preparation SO3: Powder Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement

1 2.8600 2.8700 1 1 2.7900 2.7900 1

1 2.9000 2.9000 1 1 2.8200 2.8300 1

1 2.9100 2.8900 1 1 2.8300 2.8400 1

1 2.8600 2.8600 1 1 2.8100 2.8100 1

1 2.8800 2.8700 1 1 2.8300 2.8200 1

1 2.8600 2.8700 1 1 2.8400 2.8400 1

2 2.8700 2.8600 1 2 2.7300 2.7500 1

2 2.8800 2.8800 1 2 2.7300 2.7500 1

2 2.8300 2.8400 1 2 2.7500 2.7500 1

2 2.8300 2.8300 1 2 2.7400 2.7500 1

2 2.8500 2.8500 1 2 2.7200 2.7300 1

2 2.8300 2.8400 1 2 2.7300 2.7500 1

3 2.7900 2.8000 1 3 2.8800 2.8800 1

3 2.8000 2.8000 1 3 2.8800 2.8900 1

3 2.7900 2.8000 1 3 2.9000 2.9100 1

3 2.7400 2.7200 1 3 2.8900 2.9000 1

3 2.7400 2.7300 1 3 2.9000 2.9000 1

3 2.7300 2.7300 1 3 2.9000 2.9100 1

4 2.8260 2.8200 1 4 2.9000 2.9100 1

4 2.7900 2.7960 1 4 2.9000 2.9000 1

4 2.8670 2.8620 1 4 2.8700 2.8800 1

4 2.8290 2.8270 1 4 2.9100 2.9100 1

4 2.8290 2.8250 1 4 2.9100 2.9200 1

4 2.8300 2.8270 1 4 2.9100 2.9200 1

5 2.8910 2.8770 1 5 2.9090 2.9080 1

5 2.8930 2.8840 1 5 2.9020 2.9030 1

5 2.8900 2.8890 1 5 2.9880 2.9880 1

5 2.8320 2.8630 1 5 2.9340 2.9350 1

5 2.8410 2.8580 1 5 2.8920 2.8940 1

5 2.7280 2.7290 1 5 2.9310 2.9320 1

6 2.8300 2.8140 1 6 2.9300 2.9300 1

6 2.8320 2.8510 1 6 2.9300 2.9300 1

6 2.8220 2.8680 1 6 2.9200 2.9200 1

6 2.8690 2.8680 1 6 2.9200 2.9300 1

6 2.8240 2.8250 1 6 2.9400 2.9300 1

6 2.8520 2.8240 1 6 2.9200 2.9200 1

7 2.9110 2.9100 1 7 2.8770 2.8770 1

7 2.8810 2.8820 1 7 2.8940 2.8980 1

7 2.8870 2.8890 1 7 2.9970 3.0030 1

7 2.9170 2.9120 1 7 2.9580 2.9410 1

7 2.8980 2.9010 1 7 2.9570 2.9700 1

7 2.9070 2.9080 1 7 2.9760 2.9770 1

8 2.8800 2.8800 1 8 2.9800 2.9800 1

8 2.8700 2.8800 1 8 2.9900 2.9900 1

8 2.8700 2.8800 1 8 2.9800 2.9800 1

8 2.8700 2.8600 1 8 2.9700 2.9800 1
160

8 2.8900 2.900018 2.9500 2.95001

8 2.8600 2.870018 2.9900 3.00001

9 2.8160 2.794019 2.7597 2.74891

9 2.7880 2.798019 2.7569 2.75071

9 2.8370 2.797019 2.7548 2.74801

9 2.7680 2.788019 2.7475 2.74491

9 2.8110 2.822019 2.7665 2.76321

9 2.8030 2.801019 2.7494 2.74441

10 2.7900 2.79101 10 2.9300 2.94001

10 2.7580 2.76101 10 2.9500 2.95001

10 2.7600 2.76701 10 2.9600 2.94001

10 2.7820 2.78601 10 2.9400 2.93001

10 2.8060 2.80201 10 2.9200 2.93001

10 2.7930 2.79001 10 2.9100 2.92001

11 2.9480 2.94701 11 2.9570 2.95901

11 2.9380 2.93601 11 2.9620 2.97401

11 2.9420 2.93701 11 2.9820 2.94701

11 2.9430 2.94001 11 2.9870 2.98201

11 2.9460 2.94401 11 2.9880 2.98401

11 2.9430 2.94601 11 3.0360 3.02301

12 2.8600 2.90001 12 2.9110 2.91201

12 2.9000 2.88001 12 2.9030 2.90801

12 2.9300 2.91001 12 2.9100 2.90701

12 2.8700 2.87001 12 2.8900 2.89701

12 2.8900 2.88001 12 2.9130 2.91401

12 2.8800 2.88001 12 2.9120 2.91001

13 2.8700 2.88001 13 2.9200 2.93001

13 2.8600 2.86001 13 2.9000 2.90001

13 2.8600 2.84001 13 2.9200 2.92001

13 2.8500 2.85001 13 2.8900 2.90001

13 2.8800 2.87001 13 2.9100 2.92001

13 2.8800 2.88001 13 2.9600 2.96001

14 2.9200 2.92001 14 2.9200 2.91601

14 2.9100 2.92001 14 2.8850 2.88201

14 2.9200 2.92001 14 2.9850 2.98601

14 2.9100 2.91001 14 2.9690 2.97001

14 2.9100 2.91001 14 2.9790 2.98201

14 2.9100 2.91001 14 2.9680 2.96801

15 2.8200 2.83001 15 2.9000 2.88001

15 2.8200 2.82001 15 2.9200 2.93001

15 2.8200 2.82001 15 2.9300 2.92001

15 2.8200 2.81001 15 2.8800 2.86001

15 2.8000 2.81001 15 2.9100 2.92001

15 2.8100 2.80001 15 2.9100 2.93001

16 2.8200 2.83001 16 2.9000 2.90001

16 2.8300 2.83001 16 2.9100 2.91001

16 2.8400 2.85001 16 2.8900 2.90001

16 2.8400 2.84001 16 2.8800 2.89001

16 2.8200 2.82001 16 2.9000 2.91001
161

16 2.8400 2.83001 16 2.9100 2.90001

1 3.6100 3.61002 17 2.8900 2.90001

1 3.6400 3.67002 17 2.9100 2.92001

1 3.6100 3.66002 17 2.9200 2.92001

1 3.6300 3.63002 17 2.9200 2.92001

1 3.6100 3.58002 17 2.9100 2.91001

1 3.6300 3.65002 17 2.9200 2.92001

2 3.5900 3.60002 18 2.8789 2.88141

2 3.5800 3.57002 18 2.9255 2.92841

2 3.6100 3.63002 18 2.9338 2.93511

2 3.5400 3.55002 18 2.8918 2.88781

2 3.6000 3.61002 18 2.9271 2.93071

2 3.5500 3.57002 18 2.9326 2.93841

3 3.3800 3.39002 19 3.1300 3.13001

3 3.3900 3.39002 19 3.1600 3.16001

3 3.3900 3.40002 19 3.1500 3.16001

3 3.3800 3.39002 19 3.1800 3.18001

3 3.3700 3.37002 19 3.1700 3.16001

3 3.4200 3.41002 19 3.1200 3.12001

4 3.5230 3.51402 20 2.9200 2.92001

4 3.5010 3.49502 20 2.9000 2.89001

4 3.5380 3.55602 20 2.9100 2.91001

4 3.5160 3.51702 20 2.9000 2.90001

4 3.5120 3.51902 20 2.9200 2.92001

4 3.5240 3.53302 20 2.9300 2.92001

5 3.6090 3.59402 21 2.9361 2.94121

5 3.6340 3.62702 21 2.9403 2.93591

5 3.6030 3.59602 21 2.9161 2.91421

5 3.5110 3.49502 21 2.9321 2.93341

5 3.5920 3.58402 21 2.9098 2.91261

5 3.6110 3.59302 21 2.9211 2.91871

6 3.5410 3.54102 22 2.9300 2.93001

6 3.5180 3.54302 22 2.9300 2.94001

6 3.5420 3.54002 22 2.9700 2.97001

6 3.5210 3.55202 22 2.9700 2.98001

6 3.5450 3.55202 22 2.9500 2.95001

6 3.5530 3.58002 22 2.9600 2.96001

7 3.6480 3.65702 23 2.9600 2.93001

7 3.5740 3.56802 23 2.9200 2.90001

7 3.5760 3.57502 23 2.9500 2.91001

7 3.6520 3.65602 23 2.9400 2.91001

7 3.6500 3.65202 23 2.9200 2.92001

7 3.6620 3.66202 23 2.9000 2.91001

8 3.6700 3.65002 24 2.7300 2.69001

8 3.6700 3.64002 24 2.6700 2.66001

8 3.6500 3.66002 24 2.6300 2.63001

8 3.6200 3.64002 24 2.6700 2.66001

8 3.6300 3.65002 24 2.7000 2.70001

8 3.6500 3.65002 24 2.6800 2.67001
162

9 3.6100 3.639021 3.4500 3.45002

9 3.6480 3.645021 3.4500 3.45002

9 3.6020 3.575021 3.4700 3.48002

9 3.6110 3.597021 3.4400 3.44002

9 3.5890 3.615021 3.4700 3.47002

9 3.5940 3.593021 3.4700 3.47002

10 3.4670 3.465022 3.3800 3.39002

10 3.4670 3.465022 3.3900 3.41002

10 3.4750 3.474022 3.3900 3.41002

10 3.3730 3.377022 3.3700 3.39002

10 3.3730 3.377022 3.3900 3.40002

10 3.4430 3.445022 3.3900 3.39002

11 3.6580 3.669023 3.5700 3.58002

11 3.6620 3.652023 3.5600 3.56002

11 3.6730 3.663023 3.5600 3.55002

11 3.6800 3.676023 3.5900 3.58002

11 3.6810 3.673023 3.5800 3.60002

11 3.6790 3.680023 3.5800 3.58002

12 3.5700 2.580024 3.5600 3.58002

12 3.5400 3.540024 3.5800 3.58002

12 3.5400 3.580024 3.5900 3.59002

12 3.6100 3.600024 3.5800 3.59002

12 3.6000 3.550024 3.6000 3.61002

12 3.5600 3.580024 3.5900 3.59002

13 3.6000 3.600025 3.5810 3.58702

13 3.6000 3.600025 3.6290 3.62102

13 3.6200 3.620025 3.6280 3.63402

13 3.6300 3.610025 3.5900 3.58902

13 3.6500 3.650025 3.6370 3.63702

13 3.6200 3.630025 3.6080 3.60902

14 3.6400 3.640026 3.4900 3.49002

14 3.6400 3.650026 3.5500 3.56002

14 3.6300 3.630026 3.5400 3.57002

14 3.6400 3.630026 3.5200 3.53002

14 3.6300 3.640026 3.5600 3.55002

14 3.6300 3.630026 3.5400 3.57002

15 3.5300 3.530027 3.5830 3.58802

15 3.5400 3.540027 3.6060 3.61602

15 3.5300 3.520027 3.6180 3.61102

15 3.5300 3.530027 3.6840 3.67902

15 3.5100 3.500027 3.6760 3.67202

15 3.5300 3.510027 3.6050 3.59602

16 3.6000 3.580028 3.7500 3.75002

16 3.6000 3.600028 3.7000 3.70002

16 3.5900 3.590028 3.7300 3.73002

16 3.5700 3.580028 3.7600 3.76002

16 3.5500 3.560028 3.7000 3.70002

16 3.5800 3.580028 3.7500 3.75002

9 3.3060 3.29902
1639 3.3060 3.2990

2

9 3.3350 3.33502

9 3.2970 3.29102

9 3.2970 3.29102

9 3.3100 3.30302

10 3.6100 3.60002

10 3.6300 3.61002

10 3.6100 3.63002

10 3.6000 3.61002

10 3.6500 3.64002

10 3.6300 3.63002

11 3.6690 3.65502

11 3.7550 3.75102

11 3.6560 3.66702

11 3.7360 3.73202

11 3.6980 3.70002

11 3.6960 3.69802

12 3.6010 3.61202

12 3.5990 3.60302

12 3.6050 3.61502

12 3.6150 3.61402

12 3.6210 3.61402

12 3.6110 3.62202

13 3.4300 3.43002

13 3.5000 3.50002

13 3.4600 3.46002

13 3.4600 3.45002

13 3.4800 3.49002

13 3.4100 3.42002

14 3.5900 3.59602

14 3.6090 3.61302

14 3.6060 3.60502

14 3.5440 3.54902

14 3.5750 3.57202

14 3.5770 3.58002

15 3.6100 3.61002

15 3.6200 3.60002

15 3.6300 3.62002

15 3.5900 3.59002

15 3.6200 3.61002

15 3.6600 3.63002

16 3.6100 3.60002

16 3.6300 3.63002

16 3.6300 3.63002

16 3.6000 3.61002

16 3.6100 3.63002

16 3.6200 3.61002

17 3.1700 3.17002

17 3.1700 3.17002
164

17 3.1400 3.13002

17 3.1600 3.16002

17 3.2100 3.21002

17 3.1400 3.13002

18 3.5657 3.56902

18 3.6025 3.60512

18 3.6097 3.61572

18 3.5876 3.58922

18 3.6617 3.66202

18 3.6617 3.66212

19 3.7800 3.78002

19 3.7700 3.77002

19 3.7800 3.79002

19 3.8100 3.81002

19 3.8000 3.80002

19 3.7900 3.78002

20 3.5700 3.57002

20 3.6300 3.62002

20 3.5700 3.58002

20 3.6000 3.61002

20 3.6300 3.63002

20 3.6300 3.62002

21 3.5468 3.54742

21 3.5463 3.54752

21 3.5569 3.55972

21 3.5234 3.52152

21 3.5385 3.54532

21 3.5551 3.55832

22 3.5200 3.52002

22 3.5500 3.55002

22 3.5200 3.52002

22 3.5600 3.55002

22 3.5800 3.57002

22 3.5400 3.54002

23 3.6000 3.58002

23 3.5800 3.57002

23 3.6500 3.61002

23 3.5600 3.59002

23 3.5400 3.53002

23 3.6000 3.60002

24 3.2700 3.34002

24 3.3800 3.38002

24 3.4000 3.40002

24 3.3900 3.39002

24 3.2900 3.30002

24 3.3300 3.36002
165

Na2O

Na2O: Glass Preparation Na2O: Powder Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement

1 0.2000 0.1900 1 1 0.2000 0.2000 1

1 0.2000 0.2000 1 1 0.2000 0.2000 1

1 0.1900 0.2000 1 1 0.2000 0.2000 1

1 0.2000 0.1800 1 1 0.2000 0.2000 1

1 0.1900 0.1900 1 1 0.2000 0.2000 1

1 0.1900 0.2100 1 1 0.2000 0.2000 1

2 0.2000 0.1900 1 2 0.1900 0.1900 1

2 0.2000 0.2000 1 2 0.1800 0.1800 1

2 0.2000 0.2000 1 2 0.1800 0.1800 1

2 0.2000 0.2100 1 2 0.1800 0.1900 1

2 0.1900 0.2000 1 2 0.1800 0.1800 1

2 0.2000 0.2000 1 2 0.1800 0.1800 1

3 0.2400 0.2300 1 3 0.1760 0.1740 1

3 0.2500 0.2600 1 3 0.1740 0.1790 1

3 0.2200 0.2400 1 3 0.1770 0.1780 1

3 0.2500 0.2200 1 3 0.1800 0.1800 1

3 0.2200 0.2300 1 3 0.1780 0.1770 1

3 0.2300 0.2300 1 3 0.1790 0.1820 1

4 0.2000 0.2200 1 4 0.1600 0.1800 1

4 0.2200 0.2100 1 4 0.1900 0.1900 1

4 0.2200 0.2100 1 4 0.1900 0.1900 1

4 0.2000 0.2100 1 4 0.1800 0.1900 1

4 0.2000 0.2000 1 4 0.1800 0.1800 1

4 0.2100 0.2100 1 4 0.1900 0.1900 1

5 0.2090 0.2040 1 5 0.1989 0.2009 1

5 0.1980 0.2020 1 5 0.2029 0.2001 1

5 0.2100 0.1980 1 5 0.1984 0.2008 1

5 0.2010 0.2040 1 5 0.1969 0.1982 1

5 0.1970 0.2040 1 5 0.2140 0.2157 1

5 0.1990 0.2020 1 5 0.2051 0.2042 1

6 0.2102 0.2093 1 6 0.2000 0.2000 1

6 0.2103 0.2106 1 6 0.2000 0.2000 1

6 0.2103 0.2093 1 6 0.2000 0.2000 1

6 0.2099 0.2111 1 6 0.2000 0.2000 1

6 0.2107 0.2095 1 6 0.2000 0.2000 1

6 0.2113 0.2112 1 6 0.2000 0.2000 1

7 0.1800 0.2000 1 7 0.1600 0.1500 1

7 0.1900 0.1800 1 7 0.1500 0.1500 1

7 0.2000 0.1800 1 7 0.1500 0.1600 1

7 0.1900 0.2100 1 7 0.1500 0.1500 1

7 0.1800 0.1900 1 7 0.1500 0.1500 1

7 0.1800 0.1800 1 7 0.1500 0.1500 1

8 0.2150 0.2200 1 8 0.2100 0.2100 1

8 0.2180 0.2270 1 8 0.2100 0.2100 1

8 0.2270 0.2280 1 8 0.2100 0.2100 1

8 0.2250 0.2110 1 8 0.2100 0.2100 1
166

8 0.2130 0.221018 0.2100 0.21001

8 0.2110 0.207018 0.2100 0.21001

9 0.2200 0.230019 0.1900 0.19001

9 0.2400 0.230019 0.1800 0.19001

9 0.2300 0.210019 0.1900 0.19001

9 0.2100 0.220019 0.1900 0.19001

9 0.2300 0.240019 0.1900 0.19001

9 0.2500 0.240019 0.1900 0.19001

10 0.2073 0.21811 10 0.2000 0.20001

10 0.2075 0.21161 10 0.1900 0.19001

10 0.2086 0.21231 10 0.2000 0.20001

10 0.1985 0.21271 10 0.2100 0.21001

10 0.2064 0.20901 10 0.2000 0.20001

10 0.2054 0.20801 10 0.2000 0.20001

11 0.2120 0.20601 11 0.2000 0.20001

11 0.2150 0.20701 11 0.2100 0.20001

11 0.2150 0.20201 11 0.2100 0.20001

11 0.2040 0.21601 11 0.2100 0.21001

11 0.2080 0.20301 11 0.2100 0.21001

11 0.2040 0.20001 11 0.2100 0.21001

12 0.2100 0.22001 12 0.2030 0.20401

12 0.2100 0.20001 12 0.2050 0.20501

12 0.2200 0.21001 12 0.2050 0.20601

12 0.2200 0.20001 12 0.2060 0.20801

12 0.2200 0.21001 12 0.2070 0.20601

12 0.2000 0.21001 12 0.2070 0.20601

13 0.2550 0.23601 13 0.2030 0.20401

13 0.2430 0.22301 13 0.2070 0.20801

13 0.2140 0.20401 13 0.2080 0.21101

13 0.2080 0.22201 13 0.2070 0.20601

13 0.2350 0.22001 13 0.2020 0.20701

13 0.2210 0.22901 13 0.2060 0.20801

14 0.2200 0.21701 14 0.1764 0.17711

14 0.2080 0.21401 14 0.1767 0.17681

14 0.2140 0.21201 14 0.1765 0.17661

14 0.2070 0.20801 14 0.1766 0.17631

14 0.2070 0.21001 14 0.1789 0.17681

14 0.2130 0.20801 14 0.1762 0.17651

15 0.1920 0.20201 15 0.1480 0.14801

15 0.1950 0.20701 15 0.1470 0.14701

15 0.2000 0.19001 15 0.1380 0.15001

15 0.1990 0.19001 15 0.1510 0.15001

15 0.1940 0.19101 15 0.1500 0.14701

15 0.1790 0.20001 15 0.1510 0.15201

1 0.0400 0.04002 16 0.1800 0.18001

1 0.0600 0.06002 16 0.1800 0.19001

1 0.0400 0.04002 16 0.1900 0.19001

1 0.0300 0.04002 16 0.1800 0.18001

1 0.0300 0.05002 16 0.1800 0.18001
167

1 0.0500 0.04002 16 0.1800 0.19001

2 0.0700 0.05002 17 0.1550 0.16801

2 0.0600 0.06002 17 0.1640 0.14601

2 0.0600 0.07002 17 0.1600 0.15401

2 0.0500 0.06002 17 0.1560 0.15201

2 0.0600 0.05002 17 0.1470 0.15401

2 0.0700 0.06002 17 0.1470 0.14301

3 0.0900 0.09002 18 0.1770 0.17601

3 0.0900 0.14002 18 0.1730 0.17301

3 0.1100 0.11002 18 0.1800 0.17801

3 0.1100 0.10002 18 0.1710 0.17101

3 0.0900 0.10002 18 0.1790 0.18201

3 0.0900 0.10002 18 0.1750 0.17401

4 0.0500 0.05002 19 0.2240 0.23901

4 0.0500 0.05002 19 0.2060 0.20301

4 0.0500 0.06002 19 0.2090 0.21201

4 0.0400 0.03002 19 0.2100 0.21701

4 0.0400 0.05002 19 0.2040 0.20401

4 0.0400 0.04002 19 0.2080 0.21101

5 0.0580 0.05602 20 0.1800 0.18001

5 0.0590 0.05502 20 0.1700 0.17001

5 0.0620 0.06002 20 0.1800 0.18001

5 0.0580 0.06002 20 0.1600 0.16001

5 0.0610 0.05702 20 0.1600 0.16001

5 0.0540 0.05402 20 0.1600 0.17001

6 0.0560 0.05652 21 0.1860 0.17601

6 0.0560 0.05652 21 0.1900 0.18501

6 0.0557 0.05562 21 0.1850 0.19201

6 0.0553 0.05532 21 0.1930 0.19301

6 0.0553 0.05532 21 0.1920 0.19101

6 0.0555 0.05492 21 0.1800 0.18501

7 0.0000 0.00002 22 0.2090 0.20801

7 0.0000 0.00002 22 0.2130 0.21301

7 0.0000 0.00002 22 0.2080 0.20501

7 0.0000 0.00002 22 0.2110 0.20701

7 0.0000 0.00002 22 0.2120 0.21001

7 0.0000 0.00002 22 0.2100 0.21201

8 0.0750 0.07502 23 0.1694 0.16351

8 0.0700 0.06902 23 0.1669 0.16001

8 0.0700 0.06802 23 0.1695 0.16641

8 0.0690 0.06802 23 0.1702 0.16951

8 0.0700 0.07102 23 0.1667 0.16821

8 0.0720 0.06902 23 0.1680 0.17171

9 0.0900 0.09002 24 0.1800 0.18001

9 0.1000 0.09002 24 0.1700 0.18001

9 0.0700 0.09002 24 0.1700 0.18001

9 0.0900 0.10002 24 0.1800 0.18001

9 0.0900 0.09002 24 0.1700 0.17001

9 0.1000 0.10002 24 0.1700 0.17001
168

10 0.0465 0.044821 0.0500 0.05002

10 0.0452 0.044621 0.0500 0.05002

10 0.0510 0.046721 0.0500 0.05002

10 0.0407 0.050221 0.0600 0.06002

10 0.0487 0.048521 0.0600 0.06002

10 0.0413 0.048221 0.0600 0.06002

11 0.0410 0.045022 0.0500 0.05002

11 0.0450 0.033022 0.0500 0.05002

11 0.0480 0.057022 0.0500 0.05002

11 0.0280 0.049022 0.0500 0.06002

11 0.0470 0.042022 0.0600 0.06002

11 0.0420 0.042022 0.0500 0.05002

12 0.0600 0.060023 0.0540 0.05502

12 0.0600 0.060023 0.0530 0.05602

12 0.0600 0.060023 0.0550 0.05402

12 0.0600 0.060023 0.0590 0.06502

12 0.0700 0.070023 0.0650 0.06602

12 0.0700 0.070023 0.0640 0.06602

13 0.0490 0.077024 0.0700 0.07002

13 0.0530 0.058024 0.0700 0.06002

13 0.0700 0.053024 0.0600 0.06002

13 0.0840 0.078024 0.0700 0.07002

13 0.0760 0.105024 0.0600 0.06002

13 0.0860 0.095024 0.0600 0.06002

14 0.0650 0.065025 0.0656 0.06572

14 0.0680 0.067025 0.0627 0.06042

14 0.0610 0.063025 0.0639 0.06242

14 0.0620 0.061025 0.0750 0.07592

14 0.0640 0.062025 0.0730 0.07312

14 0.0700 0.068025 0.0722 0.07382

15 0.0490 0.055026 0.0700 0.07002

15 0.0500 0.050026 0.0700 0.07002

15 0.0640 0.067026 0.0700 0.07002

15 0.0460 0.035026 0.0700 0.07002

15 0.0430 0.033026 0.0700 0.07002

15 0.0370 0.043026 0.0700 0.07002

7 0.0200 0.02002

7 0.0200 0.02002

7 0.0200 0.02002

7 0.0100 0.01002

7 0.0100 0.01002

7 0.0100 0.01002

8 0.0600 0.06002

8 0.0600 0.06002

8 0.0600 0.06002

8 0.0600 0.06002

8 0.0600 0.06002

8 0.0600 0.06002

9 0.0400 0.05002
1699 0.0500 0.0400

2

9 0.0400 0.05002

9 0.0500 0.05002

9 0.0400 0.04002

9 0.0500 0.04002

10 0.0500 0.05002

10 0.0500 0.05002

10 0.0500 0.05002

10 0.0600 0.06002

10 0.0500 0.05002

10 0.0500 0.05002

11 0.0800 0.08002

11 0.0800 0.08002

11 0.0700 0.07002

11 0.0800 0.08002

11 0.0700 0.07002

11 0.0700 0.07002

12 0.0690 0.06702

12 0.0680 0.06802

12 0.0660 0.06502

12 0.0660 0.06502

12 0.0670 0.06502

12 0.0650 0.06502

13 0.0810 0.08402

13 0.0830 0.08302

13 0.0840 0.08402

13 0.0850 0.08402

13 0.0880 0.08402

13 0.0850 0.08202

14 0.0455 0.04572

14 0.0455 0.04572

14 0.0455 0.04572

14 0.0461 0.04552

14 0.0461 0.04552

14 0.0454 0.04532

15 0.0130 0.01402

15 0.0090 0.01602

15 0.0090 0.01302

15 0.0050 0.01302

15 0.0040 0.01202

15 0.0130 0.01602

16 0.0300 0.03002

16 0.0300 0.03002

16 0.0200 0.03002

16 0.0300 0.03002

16 0.0300 0.02002

16 0.0100 0.01002

17 0.0540 0.04302

17 0.0660 0.04902
170

17 0.0750 0.03802

17 0.0360 0.02402

17 0.0320 0.02702

17 0.0260 0.01202

18 0.0420 0.04802

18 0.0420 0.04402

18 0.0440 0.04402

18 0.0430 0.04402

18 0.0380 0.04202

18 0.0390 0.03902

19 0.0620 0.05702

19 0.0690 0.06502

19 0.0480 0.05802

19 0.0530 0.05602

19 0.0560 0.05702

19 0.0600 0.06102

20 0.0500 0.05002

20 0.0400 0.04002

20 0.0400 0.04002

20 0.0500 0.04002

20 0.0500 0.04002

20 0.0500 0.04002

21 0.0740 0.07202

21 0.0740 0.07502

21 0.0640 0.06302

21 0.0780 0.08002

21 0.0710 0.06802

21 0.0740 0.07202

22 0.0640 0.06602

22 0.0580 0.06202

22 0.0630 0.06002

22 0.0600 0.06202

22 0.0650 0.06202

22 0.0660 0.06702

23 0.0461 0.04712

23 0.0461 0.04442

23 0.0443 0.04492

23 0.0512 0.04902

23 0.0507 0.05132

23 0.0488 0.04852

24 0.0400 0.04002

24 0.0400 0.04002

24 0.0400 0.04002

24 0.0400 0.04002

24 0.0400 0.04002

24 0.0400 0.04002
171

K2O

K2O: Glass Preparation K2O: Powder Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement

1 0.6800 0.6700 1 1 0.6360 0.6360 1

1 0.6800 0.6800 1 1 0.6380 0.6370 1

1 0.6800 0.6600 1 1 0.6380 0.6390 1

1 0.6800 0.6800 1 1 0.6450 0.6440 1

1 0.6800 0.6700 1 1 0.6400 0.6390 1

1 0.6800 0.6800 1 1 0.6480 0.6470 1

2 0.6800 0.6800 1 2 0.6740 0.6730 1

2 0.6800 0.6800 1 2 0.6740 0.6730 1

2 0.6800 0.6800 1 2 0.6730 0.6730 1

2 0.6800 0.6800 1 2 0.6730 0.6710 1

2 0.6800 0.6800 1 2 0.6720 0.6740 1

2 0.6800 0.6800 1 2 0.6730 0.6730 1

3 0.6920 0.6900 1 3 0.6600 0.6600 1

3 0.6870 0.6940 1 3 0.6600 0.6500 1

3 0.6890 0.6950 1 3 0.6600 0.6600 1

3 0.6810 0.6860 1 3 0.6700 0.6600 1

3 0.6860 0.6870 1 3 0.6600 0.6600 1

3 0.6920 0.6880 1 3 0.6600 0.6600 1

4 0.7000 0.7100 1 4 0.6980 0.6980 1

4 0.7100 0.7100 1 4 0.7040 0.7040 1

4 0.7100 0.7100 1 4 0.7060 0.7050 1

4 0.7100 0.7000 1 4 0.7050 0.7050 1

4 0.7100 0.7000 1 4 0.7000 0.7000 1

4 0.7000 0.7100 1 4 0.7000 0.7010 1

5 0.6900 0.6900 1 5 0.6800 0.6800 1

5 0.7000 0.6900 1 5 0.6900 0.6700 1

5 0.6900 0.7000 1 5 0.6700 0.6800 1

5 0.6900 0.7000 1 5 0.6700 0.6700 1

5 0.6900 0.6900 1 5 0.6700 0.6700 1

5 0.6900 0.6900 1 5 0.6800 0.6800 1

6 0.6800 0.6800 1 6 0.6800 0.6800 1

6 0.6800 0.6800 1 6 0.6800 0.6800 1

6 0.6700 0.6800 1 6 0.6800 0.6800 1

6 0.6800 0.6900 1 6 0.6800 0.6800 1

6 0.6900 0.6900 1 6 0.6800 0.6800 1

6 0.6900 0.6800 1 6 0.6800 0.6800 1

7 0.7000 0.7000 1 7 0.6800 0.6800 1

7 0.7000 0.7000 1 7 0.6700 0.6700 1

7 0.7000 0.7000 1 7 0.6800 0.6800 1

7 0.7000 0.7000 1 7 0.6800 0.6800 1

7 0.7000 0.7000 1 7 0.6700 0.6700 1

7 0.7000 0.7000 1 7 0.6800 0.6800 1

8 0.7000 0.6980 1 8 0.6800 0.6800 1

8 0.6980 0.7000 1 8 0.6700 0.6800 1

8 0.7000 0.7000 1 8 0.6700 0.6700 1
172

8 0.6948 0.696818 0.6800 0.68001

8 0.6997 0.693818 0.6800 0.68001

8 0.6987 0.696818 0.6800 0.68001

9 0.6720 0.670019 0.7000 0.70001

9 0.6760 0.672019 0.6900 0.69001

9 0.6800 0.677019 0.6900 0.69001

9 0.6760 0.672019 0.6800 0.68001

9 0.6790 0.678019 0.6900 0.69001

9 0.6770 0.684019 0.6900 0.69001

10 0.7000 0.70001 10 0.7000 0.69001

10 0.7000 0.70001 10 0.6900 0.69001

10 0.7000 0.70001 10 0.6900 0.69001

10 0.7100 0.71001 10 0.6800 0.68001

10 0.7100 0.71001 10 0.6900 0.69001

10 0.7100 0.71001 10 0.6900 0.69001

11 0.6690 0.66801 11 0.6300 0.65001

11 0.6750 0.67801 11 0.3400 0.64001

11 0.6810 0.68701 11 0.6500 0.65001

11 0.6650 0.67101 11 0.6400 0.63001

11 0.6770 0.67301 11 0.6400 0.65001

11 0.6780 0.67701 11 0.6300 0.65001

12 0.6890 0.68901 12 0.6800 0.67001

12 0.6870 0.68101 12 0.6900 0.69001

12 0.6810 0.69701 12 0.6800 0.68001

12 0.6760 0.67501 12 0.6800 0.68001

12 0.6880 0.68801 12 0.6800 0.68001

12 0.6750 0.69401 12 0.6800 0.68001

13 0.6900 0.69001 13 0.6900 0.68001

13 0.6900 0.69001 13 0.6800 0.68001

13 0.6900 0.69001 13 0.6800 0.70001

13 0.6800 0.68001 13 0.6800 0.68001

13 0.6800 0.68001 13 0.6800 0.68001

13 0.6800 0.68001 13 0.6900 0.68001

14 0.6836 0.68331 14 0.6800 0.69001

14 0.6806 0.68231 14 0.6900 0.69001

14 0.6821 0.68191 14 0.6900 0.69001

14 0.6832 0.68261 14 0.6800 0.68001

14 0.6855 0.68511 14 0.6800 0.68001

14 0.6853 0.68591 14 0.6800 0.69001

15 0.6920 0.69301 15 0.6800 0.68001

15 0.6880 0.68701 15 0.6800 0.68001

15 0.6880 0.68901 15 0.6800 0.68001

15 0.6900 0.69101 15 0.6800 0.68001

15 0.6900 0.68901 15 0.6800 0.68001

15 0.6900 0.69101 15 0.6800 0.68001

16 0.6900 0.69001 16 0.6700 0.67001

16 0.6900 0.68001 16 0.6800 0.68001

16 0.6800 0.69001 16 0.6700 0.68001

16 0.6900 0.69001 16 0.6800 0.68001
173

16 0.6900 0.68001 16 0.6700 0.67001

16 0.6900 0.69001 16 0.6700 0.67001

17 0.6900 0.68201 17 0.6740 0.67331

17 0.6860 0.69001 17 0.6847 0.68481

17 0.6810 0.68601 17 0.6870 0.68761

17 0.6820 0.68701 17 0.6758 0.67511

17 0.6840 0.67801 17 0.6850 0.68561

17 0.6830 0.68401 17 0.6878 0.68761

18 0.6800 0.68001 18 0.7100 0.71001

18 0.6700 0.67001 18 0.7100 0.71001

18 0.6700 0.67001 18 0.7100 0.71001

18 0.6700 0.67001 18 0.7100 0.71001

18 0.6800 0.67001 18 0.7100 0.71001

18 0.6700 0.67001 18 0.7000 0.70001

19 0.6800 0.69001 19 0.6577 0.65451

19 0.6800 0.68001 19 0.6560 0.65521

19 0.6800 0.69001 19 0.6570 0.65571

19 0.6800 0.68001 19 0.6557 0.65561

19 0.6900 0.69001 19 0.6548 0.65581

19 0.6900 0.69001 19 0.6562 0.65451

1 0.3800 0.38002 20 0.6780 0.67701

1 0.3800 0.38002 20 0.6820 0.68201

1 0.3900 0.38002 20 0.6850 0.68401

1 0.3800 0.38002 20 0.6870 0.68701

1 0.3800 0.38002 20 0.6810 0.68301

1 0.3800 0.38002 20 0.6740 0.67501

2 0.3800 0.38002 21 0.6900 0.69001

2 0.3800 0.38002 21 0.6980 0.69801

2 0.3800 0.38002 21 0.7120 0.71101

2 0.3800 0.38002 21 0.6920 0.69301

2 0.3800 0.38002 21 0.6950 0.69601

2 0.3800 0.38002 21 0.6960 0.69701

3 0.3870 0.39002 22 0.7000 0.70001

3 0.3930 0.38802 22 0.6900 0.69001

3 0.3880 0.38602 22 0.6900 0.69001

3 0.3880 0.39002 22 0.6800 0.68001

3 0.3880 0.38502 22 0.6900 0.69001

3 0.3900 0.39002 22 0.6800 0.69001

4 0.3900 0.38002 23 0.6720 0.67201

4 0.3800 0.39002 23 0.6710 0.67101

4 0.3800 0.39002 23 0.6770 0.67801

4 0.3900 0.39002 23 0.6750 0.67501

4 0.3900 0.39002 23 0.6740 0.67601

4 0.3800 0.39002 23 0.6740 0.67401

5 0.3900 0.39002 24 0.6800 0.68001

5 0.3900 0.39002 24 0.6700 0.67001

5 0.4000 0.39002 24 0.6700 0.67001

5 0.3900 0.39002 24 0.6800 0.68001

5 0.3900 0.39002 24 0.6700 0.68001
174

5 0.3900 0.39002 24 0.6800 0.68001

6 0.3800 0.38002 25 0.6940 0.69361

6 0.3800 0.38002 25 0.6897 0.68981

6 0.3800 0.38002 25 0.6887 0.68791

6 0.3800 0.38002 25 0.6910 0.68981

6 0.3800 0.38002 25 0.6868 0.68691

6 0.3800 0.38002 25 0.6906 0.68961

7 0.4100 0.41002 26 0.6900 0.68001

7 0.4100 0.41002 26 0.6800 0.68001

7 0.4100 0.41002 26 0.6900 0.69001

7 0.4100 0.41002 26 0.6900 0.69001

7 0.4100 0.41002 26 0.6900 0.68001

7 0.4100 0.41002 26 0.6900 0.68001

8 0.3919 0.391921 0.3350 0.33502

8 0.3929 0.391921 0.3390 0.34002

8 0.3919 0.393921 0.3340 0.33602

8 0.3951 0.393221 0.3410 0.34002

8 0.3942 0.393221 0.3400 0.33902

8 0.3932 0.394121 0.3330 0.33402

9 0.3810 0.379022 0.3820 0.38202

9 0.3800 0.381022 0.3760 0.37602

9 0.3830 0.379022 0.3770 0.37702

9 0.3780 0.379022 0.3820 0.38102

9 0.3810 0.379022 0.3760 0.37602

9 0.3820 0.383022 0.3760 0.37702

10 0.3900 0.390023 0.3800 0.38002

10 0.3900 0.390023 0.3800 0.38002

10 0.3900 0.390023 0.3800 0.38002

10 0.3800 0.380023 0.3800 0.38002

10 0.3800 0.380023 0.3800 0.38002

10 0.3800 0.380023 0.3800 0.37002

11 0.3810 0.373024 0.3930 0.39402

11 0.3790 0.381024 0.3920 0.39202

11 0.3790 0.390024 0.3930 0.39302

11 0.3820 0.379024 0.3950 0.39502

11 0.3860 0.384024 0.3950 0.39502

11 0.3900 0.380024 0.3930 0.39302

12 0.3710 0.372025 0.3700 0.37002

12 0.3720 0.374025 0.3700 0.36002

12 0.3730 0.386025 0.3600 0.36002

12 0.3860 0.386025 0.3700 0.38002

12 0.3750 0.374025 0.3700 0.36002

12 0.3840 0.384025 0.3600 0.37002

13 0.3900 0.390026 0.3800 0.38002

13 0.3800 0.380026 0.3800 0.38002

13 0.3800 0.380026 0.3800 0.38002

13 0.3800 0.370026 0.3800 0.38002

13 0.3800 0.380026 0.3800 0.38002

13 0.3800 0.380026 0.3800 0.38002
175

14 0.3795 0.379527 0.3500 0.35002

14 0.3795 0.379527 0.3500 0.35002

14 0.3792 0.379627 0.3500 0.35002

14 0.3765 0.376527 0.3500 0.35002

14 0.3765 0.376527 0.3500 0.35002

14 0.3778 0.379727 0.3400 0.34002

15 0.3860 0.386028 0.3700 0.37002

15 0.3880 0.388028 0.3700 0.37002

15 0.3830 0.383028 0.3700 0.37002

15 0.3870 0.387028 0.3700 0.37002

15 0.3860 0.385028 0.3700 0.37002

15 0.3870 0.386028 0.3700 0.37002

16 0.3800 0.390029 0.3800 0.38002

16 0.3900 0.390029 0.3700 0.37002

16 0.3900 0.390029 0.3700 0.37002

16 0.3900 0.390029 0.3700 0.37002

16 0.3900 0.390029 0.3700 0.37002

16 0.3900 0.380029 0.3700 0.37002

17 0.3780 0.37902 10 0.3900 0.39002

17 0.3890 0.38902 10 0.3900 0.39002

17 0.3810 0.37602 10 0.3800 0.38002

17 0.3780 0.38102 10 0.3800 0.38002

17 0.3810 0.37502 10 0.3800 0.38002

17 0.3750 0.37702 10 0.3800 0.38002

18 0.3700 0.37002 11 0.3500 0.34002

18 0.3800 0.38002 11 0.3400 0.34002

18 0.3700 0.37002 11 0.3400 0.34002

18 0.3800 0.38002 11 0.3500 0.35002

18 0.3700 0.37002 11 0.3500 0.34002

18 0.3700 0.37002 11 0.3400 0.34002

19 0.3800 0.38002 12 0.3800 0.38002

19 0.3800 0.38002 12 0.3800 0.38002

19 0.3800 0.38002 12 0.3800 0.38002

19 0.3800 0.38002 12 0.3800 0.38002

19 0.3800 0.38002 12 0.3500 0.38002

19 0.3800 0.38002 12 0.3800 0.38002

13 0.3900 0.39002

13 0.3800 0.38002

13 0.3800 0.38002

13 0.3900 0.38002

13 0.3800 0.38002

13 0.3700 0.38002

14 0.3900 0.39002

14 0.3800 0.38002

14 0.3800 0.38002

14 0.3900 0.39002

14 0.3800 0.38002

14 0.3800 0.38002

15 0.3700 0.37002
176

15 0.3700 0.37002

15 0.3700 0.37002

15 0.3700 0.37002

15 0.3700 0.37002

15 0.3700 0.37002

16 0.3900 0.39002

16 0.3900 0.38002

16 0.3900 0.39002

16 0.3900 0.39002

16 0.3900 0.39002

16 0.3800 0.38002

17 0.3725 0.37282

17 0.3747 0.37362

17 0.3729 0.37022

17 0.3718 0.37352

17 0.3750 0.37592

17 0.3754 0.37512

18 0.3900 0.39002

18 0.3900 0.39002

18 0.3900 0.39002

18 0.4000 0.40002

18 0.4000 0.40002

18 0.3900 0.39002

19 0.3755 0.37532

19 0.3755 0.37532

19 0.3776 0.37732

19 0.3762 0.37602

19 0.3762 0.37602

19 0.3756 0.37612

20 0.3840 0.38202

20 0.3830 0.38302

20 0.3570 0.35702

20 0.3600 0.36302

20 0.3830 0.38302

20 0.3850 0.38902

21 0.3930 0.39302

21 0.4040 0.40402

21 0.3900 0.39002

21 0.4010 0.40002

21 0.3940 0.39302

21 0.3910 0.39102

22 0.3900 0.39002

22 0.3900 0.38002

22 0.3800 0.38002

22 0.3900 0.39002

22 0.3900 0.39002

22 0.3900 0.39002

23 0.3810 0.38202

23 0.3850 0.38602
177

23 0.3810 0.3820 2

23 0.3870 0.3850 2

23 0.3830 0.3840 2

23 0.3780 0.3800 2

24 0.3900 0.3900 2

24 0.3900 0.3900 2

24 0.3800 0.3800 2

24 0.3900 0.3900 2

24 0.3900 0.3900 2

24 0.3900 0.3900 2

25 0.3825 0.3822 2

25 0.3814 0.3808 2

25 0.3809 0.3806 2

25 0.3771 0.3773 2

25 0.3811 0.3806 2

25 0.3803 0.3802 2

26 0.3700 0.3800 2

26 0.3800 0.3800 2

26 0.3700 0.3800 2

26 0.3800 0.3800 2

26 0.3800 0.3800 2

26 0.3700 0.3800 2
178

TiO2

TiO2: Glass Preparation TiO2: Powder Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement

1 0.3200 0.3200 1 1 0.2900 0.2910 1

1 0.3200 0.3200 1 1 0.2910 0.2940 1

1 0.3200 0.3200 1 1 0.2930 0.2870 1

1 0.3200 0.3200 1 1 0.2900 0.2910 1

1 0.3200 0.3200 1 1 0.2910 0.2890 1

1 0.3200 0.3200 1 1 0.2890 0.2930 1

2 0.3120 0.3060 1 2 0.3030 0.3020 1

2 0.3080 0.3080 1 2 0.3050 0.3030 1

2 0.3070 0.3200 1 2 0.3040 0.3030 1

2 0.3110 0.3070 1 2 0.3010 0.3030 1

2 0.3160 0.3150 1 2 0.3020 0.3050 1

2 0.3040 0.3020 1 2 0.3000 0.3020 1

3 0.3100 0.3100 1 3 0.2600 0.2500 1

3 0.3100 0.3100 1 3 0.2600 0.2700 1

3 0.3100 0.3100 1 3 0.2400 0.2600 1

3 0.3000 0.3100 1 3 0.2600 0.2800 1

3 0.3100 0.3000 1 3 0.2800 0.2800 1

3 0.3100 0.3100 1 3 0.2600 0.2600 1

4 0.3090 0.3060 1 4 0.3000 0.3000 1

4 0.3100 0.3080 1 4 0.3000 0.3000 1

4 0.3050 0.3070 1 4 0.3000 0.3000 1

4 0.3090 0.3070 1 4 0.3000 0.3000 1

4 0.3090 0.3080 1 4 0.3000 0.3000 1

4 0.3080 0.3060 1 4 0.3000 0.3000 1

5 0.3200 0.3200 1 5 0.3160 0.3140 1

5 0.3200 0.3200 1 5 0.3110 0.3130 1

5 0.3200 0.3200 1 5 0.3150 0.3110 1

5 0.3200 0.3200 1 5 0.3110 0.3110 1

5 0.3200 0.3300 1 5 0.3130 0.3130 1

5 0.3200 0.3200 1 5 0.3100 0.3080 1

6 0.3130 0.3020 1 6 0.3020 0.3100 1

6 0.2980 0.3080 1 6 0.3000 0.3030 1

6 0.3080 0.3040 1 6 0.2980 0.3030 1

6 0.2960 0.3090 1 6 0.3000 0.3050 1

6 0.3020 0.3060 1 6 0.3070 0.3040 1

6 0.2970 0.2910 1 6 0.3060 0.3070 1

7 0.3170 0.3170 1 7 0.3000 0.3000 1

7 0.3210 0.3230 1 7 0.3000 0.3000 1

7 0.3220 0.3120 1 7 0.3000 0.3000 1

7 0.3150 0.3250 1 7 0.3000 0.3000 1

7 0.3160 0.3160 1 7 0.3000 0.3000 1

7 0.3200 0.3210 1 7 0.3000 0.3000 1

8 0.3000 0.3000 1 8 0.2880 0.2910 1

8 0.3000 0.3000 1 8 0.2860 0.2900 1

8 0.3100 0.3000 1 8 0.2950 0.2840 1

8 0.3100 0.3000 1 8 0.2830 0.2910 1
179

8 0.3100 0.300018 0.2850 0.28901

8 0.3000 0.300018 0.2870 0.29101

9 0.3128 0.314519 0.3200 0.31001

9 0.3108 0.311119 0.3100 0.32001

9 0.3116 0.312319 0.3200 0.31001

9 0.3111 0.310619 0.3200 0.31001

9 0.3134 0.312219 0.3200 0.32001

9 0.3125 0.311219 0.3200 0.31001

10 0.3200 0.31001 10 0.2900 0.30001

10 0.3100 0.32001 10 0.2900 0.30001

10 0.3200 0.31001 10 0.2900 0.29001

10 0.3100 0.31001 10 0.3000 0.30001

10 0.3200 0.32001 10 0.2900 0.29001

10 0.3200 0.31001 10 0.3000 0.29001

11 0.3060 0.30401 11 0.3063 0.30621

11 0.3050 0.30601 11 0.3067 0.30531

11 0.3030 0.30501 11 0.3061 0.30491

11 0.3050 0.30301 11 0.3047 0.30461

11 0.3080 0.30501 11 0.3069 0.30551

11 0.3060 0.30601 11 0.3046 0.30551

12 0.3100 0.30001 12 0.3070 0.30601

12 0.3000 0.30001 12 0.3110 0.30301

12 0.3000 0.30001 12 0.3070 0.30801

12 0.3100 0.31001 12 0.3010 0.31101

12 0.3100 0.31001 12 0.3110 0.31001

12 0.3100 0.31001 12 0.3030 0.31401

13 0.3160 0.31601 13 0.3001 0.29671

13 0.3200 0.32101 13 0.2904 0.29551

13 0.3170 0.31501 13 0.2990 0.30001

13 0.3100 0.31401 13 0.2966 0.29851

13 0.3160 0.31801 13 0.2947 0.29551

13 0.3170 0.31701 13 0.2970 0.29781

14 0.3000 0.31001 14 0.3000 0.29001

14 0.3000 0.30001 14 0.3000 0.31001

14 0.3000 0.30001 14 0.3000 0.30001

14 0.3100 0.30001 14 0.3000 0.30001

14 0.3000 0.31001 14 0.3000 0.30001

14 0.3100 0.30001 14 0.2900 0.29001

15 0.2970 0.29701 15 0.3100 0.31001

15 0.2960 0.30701 15 0.3100 0.31001

15 0.2980 0.30001 15 0.3100 0.31001

15 0.2980 0.29701 15 0.3100 0.32001

15 0.2990 0.30801 15 0.3100 0.31001

15 0.3020 0.31101 15 0.3100 0.31001

16 0.3000 0.30001 16 0.3000 0.31001

16 0.3000 0.30001 16 0.3000 0.31001

16 0.3000 0.30001 16 0.3000 0.30001

16 0.3000 0.30001 16 0.3000 0.30001

16 0.3100 0.31001 16 0.3000 0.30001
180

16 0.3100 0.31001 16 0.3000 0.30001

17 0.3000 0.31001 17 0.3100 0.31201

17 0.3100 0.31001 17 0.3090 0.31001

17 0.3000 0.31001 17 0.3140 0.31301

17 0.3100 0.31001 17 0.3140 0.31401

17 0.3100 0.31001 17 0.3100 0.31301

17 0.3100 0.30001 17 0.3120 0.31301

1 0.3500 0.35002 18 0.3000 0.31001

1 0.3400 0.34002 18 0.3100 0.30001

1 0.3500 0.34002 18 0.3100 0.30001

1 0.3400 0.34002 18 0.3000 0.30001

1 0.3400 0.35002 18 0.3000 0.30001

1 0.3400 0.34002 18 0.3000 0.30001

2 0.3400 0.33502 19 0.3100 0.31001

2 0.3350 0.33102 19 0.3100 0.31001

2 0.3350 0.32702 19 0.3100 0.31001

2 0.3330 0.33702 19 0.3100 0.31001

2 0.3310 0.34202 19 0.3100 0.31001

2 0.3380 0.33802 19 0.3100 0.31001

3 0.3400 0.33002 20 0.3020 0.29981

3 0.3300 0.34002 20 0.3028 0.30121

3 0.3300 0.34002 20 0.3063 0.30351

3 0.3400 0.33002 20 0.3008 0.30001

3 0.3300 0.33002 20 0.3019 0.30131

3 0.3400 0.33002 20 0.3042 0.30491

4 0.3330 0.333021 0.3190 0.31902

4 0.3320 0.330021 0.3230 0.32102

4 0.3310 0.331021 0.3200 0.32202

4 0.3350 0.333021 0.3170 0.31502

4 0.3340 0.332021 0.3220 0.32302

4 0.3330 0.335021 0.3250 0.32102

5 0.3400 0.340022 0.3340 0.33602

5 0.3400 0.350022 0.3360 0.33402

5 0.3400 0.340022 0.3350 0.33402

5 0.3500 0.340022 0.3340 0.33402

5 0.3500 0.350022 0.3350 0.32902

5 0.3400 0.340022 0.3340 0.33202

6 0.3260 0.328023 0.3000 0.29002

6 0.3290 0.321023 0.2900 0.30002

6 0.3290 0.323023 0.3300 0.28002

6 0.3210 0.321023 0.2900 0.31002

6 0.3310 0.331023 0.3000 0.29002

6 0.3310 0.334023 0.3000 0.30002

7 0.3360 0.349024 0.3300 0.33002

7 0.3460 0.337024 0.3300 0.33002

7 0.3370 0.342024 0.3300 0.33002

7 0.3410 0.341024 0.3300 0.33002

7 0.3430 0.342024 0.3300 0.33002

7 0.3450 0.345024 0.3300 0.33002
181

8 0.3300 0.320025 0.3410 0.33902

8 0.3200 0.330025 0.3400 0.33802

8 0.3300 0.330025 0.3440 0.34602

8 0.3300 0.330025 0.3450 0.34802

8 0.3300 0.330025 0.3430 0.34202

8 0.3200 0.330025 0.3370 0.33502

9 0.3415 0.342826 0.3350 0.34002

9 0.3415 0.342826 0.3330 0.33502

9 0.3424 0.344026 0.3420 0.33802

9 0.3424 0.342626 0.3360 0.33302

9 0.3424 0.342626 0.3420 0.34502

9 0.3429 0.342926 0.3340 0.33602

10 0.3400 0.340027 0.3300 0.33002

10 0.3400 0.340027 0.3300 0.32002

10 0.3400 0.340027 0.3300 0.33002

10 0.3400 0.340027 0.3300 0.33002

10 0.3400 0.340027 0.3300 0.33002

10 0.3400 0.340027 0.3400 0.33002

11 0.3320 0.328028 0.3340 0.32802

11 0.3290 0.329028 0.3330 0.33302

11 0.3310 0.330028 0.3310 0.32902

11 0.3310 0.331028 0.3290 0.32902

11 0.3310 0.333028 0.3310 0.33502

11 0.3330 0.332028 0.3320 0.32902

12 0.3300 0.330029 0.3600 0.36002

12 0.3300 0.320029 0.3600 0.36002

12 0.3300 0.320029 0.3600 0.36002

12 0.3400 0.330029 0.3700 0.36002

12 0.3400 0.330029 0.3600 0.36002

12 0.3300 0.330029 0.3600 0.36002

13 0.3340 0.33502 10 0.3200 0.32002

13 0.3390 0.33502 10 0.3200 0.33002

13 0.3400 0.34302 10 0.3200 0.32002

13 0.3360 0.33302 10 0.3300 0.33002

13 0.3460 0.33902 10 0.3200 0.32002

13 0.3340 0.33402 10 0.3200 0.33002

14 0.3300 0.33002 11 0.3409 0.34092

14 0.3300 0.32002 11 0.3409 0.34092

14 0.3300 0.33002 11 0.3416 0.34222

14 0.3300 0.33002 11 0.3416 0.34122

14 0.3200 0.33002 11 0.3416 0.34122

14 0.3300 0.33002 11 0.3418 0.34172

15 0.3240 0.33402 12 0.3390 0.33902

15 0.3150 0.32602 12 0.3400 0.34102

15 0.3160 0.31802 12 0.3400 0.33902

15 0.3300 0.32002 12 0.3390 0.34402

15 0.3290 0.31902 12 0.3370 0.34202

15 0.3280 0.31802 12 0.3380 0.33802

16 0.3200 0.32002 13 0.3203 0.32232
182

16 0.3200 0.32002 13 0.3228 0.31982

16 0.3200 0.32002 13 0.3245 0.32252

16 0.3300 0.33002 13 0.3186 0.32042

16 0.3300 0.33002 13 0.3234 0.32202

16 0.3300 0.33002 13 0.3236 0.32682

17 0.3300 0.33002 14 0.3300 0.33002

17 0.3300 0.33002 14 0.3200 0.33002

17 0.3300 0.33002 14 0.3300 0.32002

17 0.3200 0.33002 14 0.3300 0.33002

17 0.3400 0.32002 14 0.3200 0.32002

17 0.3300 0.33002 14 0.3200 0.32002

15 0.3300 0.34002

15 0.3400 0.34002

15 0.3400 0.34002

15 0.3400 0.34002

15 0.3400 0.34002

15 0.3400 0.34002

16 0.3300 0.33002

16 0.3300 0.33002

16 0.3300 0.34002

16 0.3300 0.33002

16 0.3400 0.33002

16 0.3300 0.33002

17 0.3410 0.34302

17 0.3400 0.34502

17 0.3390 0.34302

17 0.3390 0.34402

17 0.3410 0.34302

17 0.3440 0.34702

18 0.3300 0.33002

18 0.3300 0.33002

18 0.3300 0.33002

18 0.3300 0.33002

18 0.3300 0.33002

18 0.3300 0.33002

19 0.3300 0.33002

19 0.3300 0.33002

19 0.3300 0.33002

19 0.3300 0.32002

19 0.3300 0.33002

19 0.3300 0.33002

20 0.3334 0.33452

20 0.3320 0.33182

20 0.3293 0.32792

20 0.3285 0.33102

20 0.3332 0.33122

20 0.3334 0.33172
183

P2O5

P2O5: Glass Preparation P2O5: Powder Preparation

Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement Lab Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement

1 0.2070 0.2130 1 1 0.2200 0.2200 1

1 0.2000 0.2090 1 1 0.2200 0.2200 1

1 0.2200 0.2110 1 1 0.2200 0.2200 1

1 0.2100 0.2160 1 1 0.2200 0.2200 1

1 0.1990 0.2110 1 1 0.2200 0.2200 1

1 0.1990 0.2120 1 1 0.2200 0.2200 1

2 0.2114 0.2114 1 2 0.2740 0.2760 1

2 0.2114 0.2104 1 2 0.2750 0.2790 1

2 0.2114 0.2104 1 2 0.2740 0.2770 1

2 0.2096 0.2116 1 2 0.2750 0.2790 1

2 0.2106 0.2116 1 2 0.2770 0.0275 1

2 0.2106 0.2106 1 2 0.2730 0.2740 1

3 0.2200 0.2200 1 3 0.2300 0.2300 1

3 0.2200 0.2200 1 3 0.2300 0.2300 1

3 0.2200 0.2100 1 3 0.2300 0.2300 1

3 0.2100 0.2200 1 3 0.2300 0.2300 1

3 0.2200 0.2100 1 3 0.2300 0.2300 1

3 0.2200 0.2200 1 3 0.2300 0.2200 1

4 0.2160 0.2150 1 4 0.2160 0.2180 1

4 0.2170 0.2180 1 4 0.2170 0.2160 1

4 0.2140 0.2130 1 4 0.2160 0.2190 1

4 0.2140 0.2150 1 4 0.2170 0.2150 1

4 0.2190 0.2140 1 4 0.2160 0.2160 1

4 0.2160 0.2110 1 4 0.2190 0.2160 1

5 0.2100 0.2200 1 5 0.2110 0.2100 1

5 0.2200 0.2100 1 5 0.2120 0.2130 1

5 0.2200 0.2100 1 5 0.2080 0.2120 1

5 0.2100 0.2100 1 5 0.2130 0.2090 1

5 0.2200 0.2000 1 5 0.2100 0.2150 1

5 0.2100 0.2100 1 5 0.2100 0.2110 1

6 0.2190 0.2140 1 6 0.2200 0.2200 1

6 0.2140 0.2180 1 6 0.2200 0.2200 1

6 0.2150 0.2160 1 6 0.2200 0.2200 1

6 0.2170 0.2190 1 6 0.2200 0.2200 1

6 0.2200 0.2190 1 6 0.2200 0.2200 1

6 0.2200 0.2180 1 6 0.2200 0.2200 1

7 0.2100 0.2100 1 7 0.2200 0.2200 1

7 0.2100 0.2200 1 7 0.2200 0.2200 1

7 0.2100 0.2100 1 7 0.2200 0.2200 1

7 0.2100 0.2100 1 7 0.2200 0.2200 1

7 0.2100 0.2100 1 7 0.2200 0.2200 1

7 0.2200 0.2100 1 7 0.2200 0.2200 1

8 0.1978 0.1916 1 8 0.2170 0.2180 1

8 0.1970 0.1955 1 8 0.2160 0.2200 1

8 0.1952 0.1928 1 8 0.2190 0.2190 1

8 0.1928 0.2011 1 8 0.2210 0.2190 1
184

8 0.1943 0.200318 0.2200 0.21801

8 0.1839 0.187418 0.2210 0.22001

9 0.2140 0.215019 0.2100 0.21001

9 0.2100 0.212019 0.2200 0.22001

9 0.2150 0.217019 0.2200 0.22001

9 0.2120 0.211019 0.2200 0.22001

9 0.2130 0.214019 0.2200 0.22001

9 0.2160 0.216019 0.2200 0.22001

10 0.2200 0.21001 10 0.2090 0.20901

10 0.2200 0.22001 10 0.2080 0.21001

10 0.2100 0.22001 10 0.2100 0.20801

10 0.2100 0.22001 10 0.2110 0.21201

10 0.2200 0.22001 10 0.2120 0.21201

10 0.2100 0.22001 10 0.2110 0.21101

11 0.2100 0.21101 11 0.2120 0.21301

11 0.2090 0.20801 11 0.2140 0.21301

11 0.2070 0.20701 11 0.2140 0.21401

11 0.2100 0.21101 11 0.2130 0.21101

11 0.2110 0.21001 11 0.2120 0.21401

11 0.2090 0.21001 11 0.2130 0.21001

12 0.2100 0.21001 12 0.1160 0.12001

12 0.2000 0.20001 12 0.1190 0.11901

12 0.2100 0.21001 12 0.1190 0.11901

12 0.2100 0.21001 12 0.1180 0.12201

12 0.2200 0.20001 12 0.1180 0.11901

12 0.2000 0.21001 12 0.1210 0.12201

13 0.2200 0.22001 13 0.2100 0.21001

13 0.2200 0.22001 13 0.2100 0.21001

13 0.2200 0.22001 13 0.2000 0.20001

13 0.2200 0.22001 13 0.2100 0.20001

13 0.2200 0.22001 13 0.2100 0.20001

13 0.2200 0.22001 13 0.2000 0.21001

14 0.2170 0.22001 14 0.2210 0.22101

14 0.2030 0.23701 14 0.2200 0.22001

14 0.2530 0.24601 14 0.2210 0.22001

14 0.2290 0.22301 14 0.2200 0.22001

14 0.2210 0.20801 14 0.2200 0.22001

14 0.2200 0.22601 14 0.2190 0.22201

15 0.2200 0.22001 15 0.2220 0.21801

15 0.2190 0.22101 15 0.2150 0.21301

15 0.2110 0.21301 15 0.2150 0.21401

15 0.2110 0.21101 15 0.2890 0.28601

15 0.2080 0.21701 15 0.2860 0.28601

15 0.2100 0.21901 15 0.2760 0.27601

16 0.2000 0.20001 16 0.2134 0.21351

16 0.2100 0.20001 16 0.2148 0.21461

16 0.2100 0.20001 16 0.2156 0.21571

16 0.2100 0.21001 16 0.2115 0.21081

16 0.2000 0.20001 16 0.2147 0.21421
185

16 0.2100 0.20001 16 0.2162 0.21721

17 0.2146 0.21481 17 0.2100 0.21001

17 0.2146 0.21381 17 0.2100 0.21001

17 0.2144 0.21461 17 0.2100 0.21001

17 0.2141 0.21451 17 0.2100 0.21001

17 0.2146 0.21451 17 0.2000 0.21001

17 0.2147 0.21391 17 0.2100 0.21001

18 0.2100 0.22001 18 0.2200 0.21951

18 0.2100 0.22001 18 0.2208 0.22051

18 0.2100 0.21001 18 0.2199 0.21961

18 0.2100 0.21001 18 0.2194 0.21951

18 0.2100 0.21001 18 0.2196 0.21931

18 0.2100 0.21001 18 0.2197 0.21971

19 0.2100 0.21701 19 0.2200 0.22001

19 0.2110 0.21401 19 0.2200 0.22001

19 0.2090 0.20401 19 0.2200 0.22001

19 0.2100 0.20201 19 0.2200 0.22001

19 0.2160 0.21601 19 0.2200 0.22001

19 0.2150 0.21201 19 0.2200 0.22001

1 0.0880 0.09402 20 0.2150 0.21701

1 0.0920 0.09102 20 0.2180 0.21601

1 0.0990 0.09702 20 0.2160 0.21701

1 0.0920 0.09702 20 0.2170 0.21801

1 0.0950 0.09202 20 0.2170 0.21601

1 0.0920 0.09702 20 0.2080 0.20701

2 0.0918 0.09282 21 0.2020 0.20401

2 0.0908 0.09182 21 0.2190 0.21901

2 0.0928 0.09182 21 0.2100 0.20901

2 0.0938 0.09292 21 0.2310 0.22601

2 0.0929 0.09382 21 0.2070 0.20901

2 0.0919 0.09382 21 0.2170 0.21901

3 0.0900 0.090021 0.0900 0.09002

3 0.0900 0.090021 0.0900 0.09002

3 0.0900 0.090021 0.0900 0.09002

3 0.0900 0.090021 0.1000 0.10002

3 0.0900 0.090021 0.0900 0.10002

3 0.0900 0.090021 0.0900 0.09002

4 0.0890 0.092022 0.1230 0.12502

4 0.0940 0.093022 0.1280 0.12402

4 0.0930 0.093022 0.1250 0.12802

4 0.0920 0.089022 0.1230 0.12402

4 0.0920 0.091022 0.1280 0.12502

4 0.0920 0.090022 0.1190 0.12502

5 0.1000 0.101023 0.1100 0.10002

5 0.0990 0.101023 0.1000 0.10002

5 0.0980 0.101023 0.1000 0.09002

5 0.0890 0.095023 0.1100 0.10002

5 0.1010 0.101023 0.1100 0.10002

5 0.1000 0.100023 0.1000 0.10002
186

6 0.0910 0.095024 0.0910 0.09002

6 0.0960 0.091024 0.0920 0.09202

6 0.0910 0.093024 0.0870 0.08702

6 0.0940 0.092024 0.0890 0.08902

6 0.0920 0.091024 0.0900 0.08902

6 0.0940 0.093024 0.0880 0.09002

7 0.0900 0.090025 0.0890 0.08802

7 0.0900 0.090025 0.0850 0.08602

7 0.0900 0.090025 0.0850 0.08602

7 0.0900 0.090025 0.0890 0.08702

7 0.0900 0.090025 0.0880 0.09002

7 0.0900 0.090025 0.0860 0.08502

8 0.0918 0.091226 0.1000 0.10002

8 0.0924 0.097626 0.1000 0.10002

8 0.0930 0.092826 0.1000 0.10002

8 0.0898 0.092726 0.1000 0.10002

8 0.0957 0.094726 0.1000 0.10002

8 0.0949 0.091226 0.1000 0.10002

9 0.0910 0.095027 0.0900 0.09002

9 0.0950 0.090027 0.0900 0.09002

9 0.0930 0.092027 0.0900 0.09002

9 0.0930 0.092027 0.0900 0.09002

9 0.0920 0.095027 0.0900 0.09002

9 0.0910 0.096027 0.0900 0.09002

10 0.0900 0.090028 0.0890 0.09202

10 0.0900 0.090028 0.0910 0.09202

10 0.0900 0.090028 0.0910 0.09202

10 0.0900 0.090028 0.0890 0.09002

10 0.0900 0.090028 0.0920 0.09202

10 0.0900 0.090028 0.0900 0.09102

11 0.0910 0.091029 0.1000 0.10002

11 0.0900 0.090029 0.1100 0.10002

11 0.0900 0.090029 0.1000 0.11002

11 0.0900 0.090029 0.1000 0.10002

11 0.0900 0.091029 0.1000 0.10002

11 0.0890 0.090029 0.1000 0.10002

12 0.0900 0.09002 10 0.0910 0.09202

12 0.0900 0.09002 10 0.0900 0.09002

12 0.0900 0.09002 10 0.0900 0.09002

12 0.0900 0.09002 10 0.0940 0.09502

12 0.0900 0.09002 10 0.0930 0.09402

12 0.0900 0.09002 10 0.0920 0.09302

13 0.1000 0.09002 11 0.0930 0.09202

13 0.0900 0.09002 11 0.0910 0.09202

13 0.0900 0.09002 11 0.0900 0.09002

13 0.0900 0.10002 11 0.0900 0.08802

13 0.0900 0.10002 11 0.0910 0.09102

13 0.0900 0.09002 11 0.0910 0.09002

14 0.0960 0.08202 12 0.0700 0.06902
187

14 0.1280 0.10402 12 0.0700 0.06802

14 0.1040 0.09202 12 0.0690 0.07002

14 0.0890 0.07702 12 0.0690 0.07002

14 0.1020 0.09202 12 0.0700 0.07202

14 0.1070 0.10202 12 0.0690 0.07102

15 0.0950 0.09502 13 0.0900 0.09002

15 0.0950 0.09602 13 0.0900 0.09002

15 0.0860 0.09602 13 0.0900 0.09002

15 0.0950 0.09502 13 0.0900 0.09002

15 0.0850 0.08502 13 0.0900 0.09002

15 0.0950 0.09502 13 0.0900 0.09002

16 0.0900 0.09002 14 0.0940 0.09402

16 0.0900 0.09002 14 0.0930 0.09402

16 0.0900 0.09002 14 0.0940 0.09402

16 0.0900 0.09002 14 0.2210 0.22102

16 0.0900 0.09002 14 0.2250 0.22502

16 0.1000 0.10002 14 0.2260 0.22602

17 0.0920 0.09242 15 0.1120 0.10702

17 0.0920 0.09242 15 0.1050 0.10102

17 0.0924 0.09212 15 0.1000 0.09602

17 0.0921 0.09232 15 0.1720 0.17302

17 0.0921 0.09232 15 0.1680 0.17102

17 0.0918 0.09222 15 0.1640 0.16302

18 0.0900 0.09002 16 0.0938 0.09412

18 0.0900 0.09002 16 0.0937 0.09392

18 0.0900 0.09002 16 0.0936 0.09382

18 0.0900 0.09002 16 0.0959 0.09512

18 0.0900 0.09002 16 0.0949 0.09502

18 0.0900 0.09002 16 0.0951 0.09512

19 0.0840 0.09702 17 0.0900 0.09002

19 0.0890 0.08402 17 0.0900 0.09002

19 0.0830 0.09102 17 0.0900 0.09322

19 0.0950 0.09602 17 0.0900 0.09002

19 0.0890 0.09302 17 0.0900 0.09002

19 0.0910 0.09202 17 0.0900 0.09002

18 0.0911 0.09092

18 0.0911 0.09092

18 0.0911 0.09112

18 0.0916 0.09142

18 0.0916 0.09142

18 0.0912 0.09112

19 0.1000 0.10002

19 0.1000 0.10002

19 0.1000 0.10002

19 0.2200 0.10002

19 0.1000 0.10002

19 0.1000 0.10002

20 0.0990 0.09802

20 0.1000 0.09902
188

20 0.0910 0.0900 2

20 0.0920 0.0910 2

20 0.0960 0.0970 2

20 0.0980 0.0980 2

21 0.0820 0.0810 2

21 0.0940 0.0860 2

21 0.0960 0.0930 2

21 0.0990 0.0970 2

21 0.0930 0.0980 2

21 0.0820 0.0870 2
189

Cl

Lab Method Duplicate 1 Duplicate 2 Cement 1 glass 0.005 0.006

1

1 glass 0.003 0.0051

1 glass 0.004 0.0041

1 glass 0.004 0.0031

1 glass 0.002 0.0031

1 glass 0.003 0.0041

1 glass 0.056 0.0592

1 glass 0.067 0.0672

1 glass 0.055 0.0542

1 glass 0.054 0.0522

1 glass 0.057 0.0592

1 glass 0.058 0.0582

2 glass 0.0123 0.01361

2 glass 0.0117 0.01171

2 glass 0.0111 0.01141

2 glass 0.011 0.01171

2 glass 0.0127 0.01081

2 glass 0.0125 0.01151

2 glass 0.098 0.09762

2 glass 0.0924 0.09142

2 glass 0.094 0.09512

2 glass 0.0922 0.09432

2 glass 0.082 0.08192

2 glass 0.0915 0.09182

3 glass 0.0037 0.00381

3 glass 0.0035 0.00371

3 glass 0.0039 0.00341

3 glass 0.0035 0.00341

3 glass 0.0034 0.00341

3 glass 0.0032 0.00341

3 glass 0.0067 0.00762

3 glass 0.0092 0.00892

3 glass 0.008 0.00842

3 glass 0.0077 0.00822

3 glass 0.0081 0.00872

3 glass 0.006 0.00642

4 powder 0.017 0.0181

4 powder 0.017 0.0171

4 powder 0.017 0.0171

4 powder 0.019 0.021

4 powder 0.017 0.0171

4 powder 0.017 0.0181

4 powder 0.157 0.1572

4 powder 0.158 0.1592

4 powder 0.159 0.1592

4 powder 0.154 0.1552

4 powder 0.156 0.1592
190

4 powder 0.157 0.1582

6 powder 0.0073 0.00791

6 powder 0.008 0.00831

6 powder 0.0081 0.00821

6 powder 0.0082 0.00881

6 powder 0.0091 0.00991

6 powder 0.0091 0.00941

6 powder 0.0854 0.08522

6 powder 0.0804 0.08132

6 powder 0.0812 0.0822

6 powder 0.0831 0.08532

6 powder 0.0837 0.08572

6 powder 0.0815 0.08282

7 powder 0.0173 0.01761

7 powder 0.0174 0.01811

7 powder 0.0172 0.02041

7 powder 0.0126 0.01271

7 powder 0.0132 0.01311

7 powder 0.0134 0.01351

7 powder 0.2331 0.2332

7 powder 0.237 0.2382

7 powder 0.2375 0.23782

7 powder 0.1861 0.18692

7 powder 0.1867 0.1882

7 powder 0.1896 0.18672

8 powder 0.004 0.0041

8 powder 0.004 0.0041

8 powder 0.004 0.0041

8 powder 0.004 0.0041

8 powder 0.004 0.0041

8 powder 0.004 0.0041

8 powder 0.0055 0.00552

8 powder 0.0055 0.00552

8 powder 0.0055 0.00552

8 powder 0.0055 0.00552

8 powder 0.0055 0.00552

8 powder 0.0055 0.00552

9 powder 0.0093 0.01091

9 powder 0.0099 0.00961

9 powder 0.0089 0.00951

9 powder 0.0095 0.00991

9 powder 0.0097 0.00971

9 powder 0.0099 0.00991

9 powder 0.0723 0.07272

9 powder 0.0734 0.07422

9 powder 0.0743 0.07462

9 powder 0.0738 0.07442

9 powder 0.073 0.07412

9 powder 0.0735 0.07492
191

Acknowledgements

We wish to recognize LeRoy Jacobs, who provided the enthusiasm and his talents to the 

ASTM C1.23 task group to get this project underway. The time, efforts of all of the 

participants in this trial program and Robin Haupt of the Cement and Concrete Reference 

laboratory for sample distribution and collecting data are acknoledged. The comments and 

suggestions of reviewers Clarissa Ferraris, Kenneth Snyder and Don Broton are gratefully 

acknowledged. This project was supported by the Early-Age Performance of Concrete 

project within the Sustainable Engineering Materials program at NIST.

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