This is some 

State ESEA Title I Participation 

Information for 2003-04 

Elizabeth Dabney, Westat 

Rockville, Md. 

Prepared for: 

U.S. Department of Education 

Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development 

and 

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education 

2007 
This report was prepared for the U.S. Department of Education under Contract No. EDOOUS-05-000046 with 

Westat. Adrienne Hosek served as the contracting officer’s representative. The views expressed herein do not 

necessarily represent the positions or policies of the Department of Education. 

U.S. Department of Education 

Margaret Spellings 

Secretary 

Office of Planning, Evaluation and 

Policy Development Office of Elementary and Secondary Education 

Doug Mesecar Kerri Briggs 

Acting Assistant Secretary Acting Assistant Secretary 

Policy and Program Studies Service Student Achievement and School 

Alan Ginsburg Accountability Programs 

Director Jackie Jackson 

 Director 

June 2007 

This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part is granted. While permission 

to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of Education, Office of 

Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development and Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, State ESEA

Title I Participation Information for 2003-04, Washington, D.C., 2007. 

To order copies of this report, 

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For more information, please contact the Department’s Alternate Format Center at (202) 260-0852 or (202) 260-

0818. 
Page iii

Contents 

Page 

List of Figures............................................................................................................................................... v 

List of Tables ..............................................................................................................................................vii 

Introduction to the Report............................................................................................................................. 1 

Title I School Information ............................................................................................................................ 2 

Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools........................................... 3 

Districts and Schools Identified for Improvement........................................................................................ 4 

Districts............................................................................................................................................ 5 

Schools............................................................................................................................................. 5 

Title I Student Participation .......................................................................................................................... 5 

Overall Participation Patterns .......................................................................................................... 5 

Grade-Level Participation................................................................................................................ 6 

Racial and Ethnic Classification ................................................................................................................... 7 

Special Populations Served by Title I........................................................................................................... 8 

Services Supported by Title I........................................................................................................................ 8 

Instructional Services....................................................................................................................... 8 

Other Support Services .................................................................................................................... 8 

Title I TAS Staffing Patterns ........................................................................................................................ 9 

Page v

Figures 

Page 

Figure 1 Title I Grants to LEAs Appropriation Information, 1965-66 Through 2006-07 

 (In 2005 Constant Dollars)..................................................................................................... 2 

Figure 2 Number of Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) 

Schools, 1993-94 Through 2003-04....................................................................................... 3 

Figure 3 Number and Percentage of Title I Schools Identified for Improvement, Corrective Action or 

Restructuring, 2003-04 and 2004-05 ..................................................................................... 4 

Figure 4 Title I Grants to LEAs Program—Total Participation, 1979-80 Through 2003-04............... 5 

Figure 5 Title I Participation, by Grade Span, 2003-04 ....................................................................... 6 

Figure 6 Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification, 2003-04 ........................................ 7 

Figure 7 Percentage of Total Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification, 

1979-80 Through 2003-04 ..................................................................................................... 7 

Figure 8 Services Provided to Title I TAS Students, 2002-03 and 2003-04 ........................................ 8 

Figure 9 Title I FTE Teachers and Teacher Aides in TAS Schools, 1979-80 Through 2003-04......... 9 

Figure 10 Title I FTE Staff in TAS Schools, by Classification, 2003-04 .............................................. 9 

Page vii

Tables 

Page 

Table 1 Number and Percentage of Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and Schoolwide 

Program (SWP) Schools, by State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 ........................... 10 

Table 2 Districts Identified for Improvement, by State or Jurisdiction, 2004-05 (Based on 

assessment data in 2003-04)................................................................................................. 11 

Table 3 Participating Title I Schools Identified for School Improvement, by State or 

Jurisdiction, 2003-04 and 2004-05 (Based on assessment data in 2002-03 and 

2003-04 respectively)........................................................................................................... 12 

Table 4 Number and Percentage of Title I Public, Private, and Local Neglected or 

Delinquent (N or D) Participants, by State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 .............. 13 

Table 5 Title I Participation, Public, Private, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D), and 

Total, 1979-80 Through 2003-04......................................................................................... 15 

Table 6 Title I Participants, by Grade Span, Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS), 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, Private, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or 

D), and Total, 2002-03 and 2003-04.................................................................................... 16 

Table 7 Number and Percentage of Title I Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification and 

State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 ......................................................................... 17 

Table 8 Number and Percentage of Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification, 

1979-80 Through 2003-04 ................................................................................................... 19 

Table 9 Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Title I Participants with Disabilities, by State or 

Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04....................................................................................... 20 

Table 10 Number and Percentage of Total Title I Participants with Limited English 

Proficiency (LEP), by State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 ..................................... 21 

Table 11 Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Title I Participants Classified as Migrant, by State or 

Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04....................................................................................... 22 

Table 12 Total Title I Participants, by Service Area, in Public Targeted Assistance Schools 

(TAS), 2002-03 and 2003-04 ............................................................................................... 23 

Table 13 Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) TAS Staff, by State or Jurisdiction, 

2002-03 and 2003-04 ........................................................................................................... 24 

Table 14 Title I Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Teachers and Teacher Aides, 1979-80 Through 

2003-04 ................................................................................................................................ 26

Page 1 

Introduction to the Report

The State ESEA1

 Title I Participation Summary Report for 2003-04 summarizes the participation data for 

the Title I, Part A (Title I), Grants to Local Education Agencies (LEAs) program. This program provides 

federal funds to assist eligible school districts and schools in supporting opportunities for at-risk children2

 to 

acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to meet challenging state content and achievement standards. 

Title I serves at-risk children from preschool through high school, including providing supplemental 

services to many special populations, including children with disabilities, students with limited English 

proficiency (LEP), and migrant children. This program also provides services to eligible children in 

nonpublic schools and in local institutions serving neglected or delinquent students and offers other support 

services, such as family literacy services. 

This report provides Title I participation data for 2003-04, the second year the No Child Left Behind Act of 

2001 (NCLB) was implemented. The report also presents comparisons with 2002-03 and previous years 

that were covered by prior laws, including the Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994 (IASA). Topics 

include districts, schools and students served, the range of instructional and support services provided, 

Title I staffing patterns, and schools’ progress toward meeting performance standards, as reported by states 

on Parts I and II of the Consolidated State Performance Reports (CSPR). The tables shown in this report 

reflect data submitted by the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and 

Puerto Rico. State-by-state tables follow the text. This report supplements the information provided in the 

2003-04 No Child Left Behind Annual Report to Congress, also prepared by the U.S. Department of 

Education (the Department). 

The quality and timeliness of the state-submitted data continue to be an issue. States were required to 

submit Part I of the CSPR to the Department in January 2005 and Part II in April 2005; however, not all 

states met these deadlines. Wyoming did not submit complete 2003-04 Title I participation figures for Part 

II, so the state-level tables at the end of this report show blank cells for this state. In addition, the states 

often submitted reports that were incomplete or included apparent errors or inconsistencies. The states 

were contacted and asked to verify their data or provide revised data. Four states did not submit revised 

data and two states did not provide final verification of their CSPR data. State data that differed 

dramatically from previous years and could not be verified were omitted from the data analyses. 

The problem of incomplete data is greatest when the CSPR data collection form changes from one year to 

the next. There are, however, some instances in which states did not provide required information for items 

in which the data collection form remained the same as in the previous year. In order to improve the 

submission process in the future, the Department is collaborating with states through tools such as the 

Education Data Exchange Network (EDEN) and the EDFacts reporting system. 

During the data verification process, states could revise information submitted for 2003-04 as well as 

information submitted for earlier years. As a result of these revisions, some of the information shown in 

this report for years prior to 2003-04 differs from previously published figures. Additionally, a new table 

has been included in this report showing the number of districts identified for improvement. 

 

1

 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the Improving America’s Schools Act, Pub. L. No. 

103-382, 108 Stat. 3518 et seq. (1994). This act was further amended by the No Child Left Behind Act, Pub. L. No. 107-110, 20 

U.S.C. § 6301 (2002) (enacted Jan. 8, 2002). 2

 LEAs target the Title I funds they receive to schools with the highest percentages of children from low-income families. 

Schools in which poor children make up at least 40 percent of enrollment are eligible to use Title I funds for schoolwide 

programs that serve all children in the school. Unless a participating school is operating a schoolwide program, the school must 

focus Title I services on children who are failing, or most at-risk of failing, to meet state academic standards. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 2

The 2003-04 achievement results will be reported separately in State Education Indicators With a Focus on 

Title I: 2003-04. Refer to the Department’s Web site at 

http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/opepd/ppss/reports.html#title. 

Title I School Information

The Title I, Part A, Grants to LEAs program represents the single largest investment in elementary and 

secondary education by the federal government, comprising almost half (48 percent) of federal funds 

appropriated for this purpose. The program was funded at $11.7 billion in fiscal year (FY) 2003, which 

was primarily intended for use during the 2003-04 school year. In constant dollars, funding for the 

Title I Grants to LEAs 

program has risen steadily 

since the mid-1980s. The 

rate of increase was larger 

during the 2001-02 to 2005-

06 period compared to 

previous years. (See 

Figure 1.) 

For FY 2003 (primarily for 

use in school year 2003-04), 

Title I funds were allocated 

through four funding 

formulas—Basic Grants and 

Concentration Grants, as 

well as Targeted and 

Education Finance 

Incentive Grants. At $7.1 

billion for FY 2003, Basic 

Grants represented the 

largest of the four funding 

streams. Basic Grants provide funds for school districts with at least 10 federal formula-eligible children, 

ages 5-17, who make up more than 2 percent of a district’s overall enrollment. Concentration Grants 

amounted to $1.4 billion in FY 2003 and go to districts in which the number of formula-eligible children 

exceeds 6,500 or 15 percent of the district enrollment. 

The Targeted Grants formula allocates funds using a weighting system that provides more funding per 

formula-eligible child to districts with higher numbers or percentages of these children. To qualify, a 

district must have at least 10 formula-eligible children and the number of these children must be at least 5 

percent of the district’s school-age population. For FY 2003, the Targeted Grants program was funded at 

$1.7 million. The Education Finance Incentive Grants (EFIG) has the same district eligibility criteria as the 

Targeted Grants. In addition, the EFIG incorporates two state-level factors that measure: (1) the state’s 

effort to provide financial support for education compared with its relative wealth as measured by its per 

capita income (fiscal effort factor); and (2) the degree to which education expenditures among school 

districts within a state are equalized (equity factor). This program was funded at $1.5 million for FY 2003.

Figure 1

Title I Grants to LEAs Appropriation Information, 

1965-66 Through 2006-07

(In 2005 Constant Dollars)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1966 1970 1985 1995 2005

$ in billions

66 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

Year

06
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 3

Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools 

The Title I Grants to 

LEAs program 

provided services to 

students in more than 

54,000 schools in 2003-

04. Schools in districts 

receiving Title I funds 

are eligible for Title I 

assistance if their poverty 

rate is at least equal to 

the districtwide average 

or is at least 35 percent. 

Eligibility, however, does 

not guarantee the receipt 

of funds, and districts 

may choose to target 

their Title I funds to 

schools with higher 

poverty levels. Also, 

because districts must 

serve schools in rank 

order by school poverty rate, some eligible schools may not receive Title I funds if they are lower in their 

district’s ranking and all of the district's Title I funds are used in the higher-poverty schools. The statute 

provides several options to districts for measuring school poverty levels, and most districts use the 

percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunches as their measure. 

Schools may use their Title I funds to serve students in either a targeted assistance or schoolwide program 

setting. Targeted assistance schools use Title I funds to serve individual students who are failing or most at 

risk of failing to achieve state academic achievement standards and are selected for services based on 

multiple, educationally related, objective criteria. Schoolwide program schools must use Title I funds to 

improve their educational programs as a whole, and may combine other federal, state, and local funds with 

Title I funds to accomplish this purpose. In 2003-04, a school was eligible to operate as a schoolwide 

program if its poverty rate was at least 40 percent; the eligibility threshold for a school to operate as a 

schoolwide program has been lowered repeatedly over time, from a high of 75 percent prior to 1994-95. 

In 2003-04, the 30,279 schoolwide programs represented 55 percent of all Title I schools; this 

number has been rising steadily since 1996-97 (See Figure 2). See Table 1 on page 10 for state-by-state 

counts of targeted assistance schools and schoolwide programs. 

Due in part to the increase in schoolwide programs, the overall number of students counted as Title I 

participants also has increased in recent years. In schoolwide programs, all students in the school are Title 

I participants; in targeted assistance programs, however, only students selected for receiving specific Title 

I-funded services are Title I participants. 

Figure 2

Number of Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, 

1993-94 Through 2003-04

31,076

23,980 24,338

28,394 30,279

46,638

27,084

24,798 24,842 24,648 31,763

48,383

25,184 26,513 22,791

14,891 17,317

5,050 3,903

19,372

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04

Year

Number of Schools

SWP

TAS

Note: State performance report information was not collected for the 1995-96 school year.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 4

Districts and Schools Identified for Improvement 

The Title I statute requires 

districts to annually review the 

progress of each Title I school 

to determine whether the 

school is making adequate 

yearly progress (AYP) toward 

enabling its students to meet 

state content standards. 

Schools that do not make AYP 

for two consecutive years are 

identified for improvement.3

 

States make AYP 

determinations and prepare the 

list of identified schools for the 

upcoming school year using 

the previous year’s assessment 

results. Assessment data from 

the 2003-04 and 2002-03 

school years, therefore, were 

used to identify schools for improvement in 2004-05. The 2004-05 school year marks the first year schools 

were identified for improvement based solely on the new NCLB accountability provisions. These schools 

had missed AYP both years since 2002-03, the year states began measuring AYP as required by NCLB. 

Figure 3 shows schools identified for improvement based on missing AYP for two consecutive years, as 

well as schools in the corrective action or restructuring phases of school improvement. 

Of relevance to the number of schools in improvement, states sometimes make changes to the state 

assessments used to determine AYP from one year to the next. These changes can range from changing the 

proficiency levels to implementing an entirely new testing program. Additionally, NCLB requires student 

testing in grades 3 through 8 and once in grades 10 through 12 starting in 2005-06. By 2003-04, many 

states had implemented new testing regimens to comply with the new NCLB testing requirements. All of 

these factors contribute to changes in state assessment systems and may impact both the state-level student 

proficiency rates and the schools identified for improvement. From 2000-01 to 2001-02, seven states made 

changes to their assessments. From 2001-02 to 2002-03, with the implementation of NCLB, this figure 

increased to 20 states. From 2002-03 to 2003-04, five states made changes, with two of the five states 

revising middle school assessments.4

 

3

 Detailed data on achievement at the state level will be provided in the State Education Indicators With a Focus on Title I: 2003-

04 (forthcoming) report. The 2003-04 No Child Left Behind Annual Report to Congress will also present state-level 

achievement information. 4

 The State Education Indicators With a Focus on Title I: 2003-04 (forthcoming) report contains information on the number of 

states changing their assessments. 

Figure 3

Number and Percentage of Title I Schools Identified for Improvement, 

Corrective Action or Restructuring, 2003-04 and 2004-05

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2003-04 2004-05

Percent of Total

6,266

(12%)

5,625

22%

4,905

19%

Schools not 

Identified for 

Improvement

Schools 

Identified for 

Improvement

46,108

(88%)

9,770

(18%)

44,847

(82%)

Note: The determination of Title I schools identified for improvement in 2003-04 and 

2004-05 is based on assessment data from 2002-03 and 2003-04, respectively.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 5

Districts 

States reported on districts identified for improvement for the first time in the 2005 CSPR. Districts were 

identified for improvement for the 2004-05 school year based on 2003-04 and 2002-03 assessment results. 

Forty-eight states provided counts of these districts. In these states, a total of 1,770 districts were 

identified. Seven states indicated that zero districts were identified for improvement and seven other states 

had between one and five districts in this category. (See Table 2 on p. 11.) 

Schools 

States reported that, overall, 9,770 Title I schools (18 percent) were identified for improvement in 

2004-05. This figure includes all schools identified for improvement, corrective action, or restructuring, 

regardless of how many years they had been identified. (See Figure 3 and Table 3 on p. 12.) Many states 

experienced an increase in the number of schools identified for improvement in 2004-05. Among the 

schools listed were those that had missed both years of AYP since the start of NCLB implementation. With 

the return of the 2003-04 assessment results, states had collected the two years of data needed to identify 

schools for improvement for the first time under the NCLB accountability provisions. 

NCLB changed how states identified schools for improvement. Under the previous law (IASA), states set 

reporting requirements for AYP targets that could be absolute or relative, summarized across subjects and 

aggregated for all students at a school. In contrast, NCLB requires more specific criteria for AYP, 

including the goal of all students achieving proficiency by 2013-14, as well as accountability for the 

achievement of key groups of students. Both IASA and NCLB, however, placed final responsibility for the 

details of AYP definitions in the hands of state policymakers. Additionally, each year, a small number of 

states have not reported information for this item, so the national totals do not include the same states from 

year to year.5

 

Title I Student Participation 

Overall Participation 

Patterns

The number of students counted as 

Title I participants has risen steadily, 

particularly beginning in 1996-97, 

when much larger numbers of Title I 

schools began implementing the 

schoolwide program option, whereby 

all students in the school are Title I 

participants. Prior to 1996-97, a 

majority of schools operated targeted 

assistance programs, whereby only 

students receiving specific Title Ifunded services were counted as 

participants. In 2003-04, 85 percent of 

 

5

 Every state sets its own definition of AYP, which must be approved by the Department and adhere to the principals of NCLB. 

As there is variation in state AYP targets and objectives, state-to-state comparisons must be interpreted with caution. 

Figure 4

Title I Grants to LEAs Program—Total Participation, 

1979-80 Through 2003-04

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

79 80

Year

Note: State performance report information was not collected for the

1995-96 school year.

79 80 85 95 00

Year

Number of Participants (in millions)

90
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 6

Title I participants were in schoolwide programs, 13 percent were in targeted assistance schools, and the 

remaining participants were in private schools (1 percent) or local programs for neglected and delinquent 

children (1 percent). (See Figure 4 above and Table 4 on pp. 13 and 14.) 

The total number of Title I participants was 18.0 million in 2003-04, a 9 percent increase over the 2002-03 

participation level of 16.5 million students. (See Table 5 on p. 15.) 

Grade-Level Participation 

Despite increases in the number of 

participants in the Title I Grants to LEAs 

program, the participation rate by grade 

level remained virtually unchanged in 

2003-04. As in past years, participation 

in TAS, SWP, and private schools was 

concentrated in the elementary grades 

for 2003-04, with about three-quarters 

of participants in pre-kindergarten 

through grade 6.

Participation in Part A Neglected or 

Delinquent programs6

 was concentrated 

in the higher grades, with 68 percent of 

students in grade seven or above. (See 

Table 6 on p. 16.) 

 

6

 The Part A Neglected or Delinquent program provides services for children living in local institutions for neglected children.

These services are provided by the school district and are to be comparable to the services provided to the students enrolled in 

the elementary and secondary schools in the district. 

Figure 5

Title I Participation, by Grade Span, 2003-04

Pre-K

3%

Ungraded

1%

Grades 10-12

9%

Grades 1-3

32%

Grades 4-6

28%

Grades 7-9

18%

Kindergarten

10%
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 7

Racial and Ethnic Classification 

Minority students accounted for 

almost two-thirds of Title I 

participants in 2003-04. Thirtyfive percent of Title I participants were 

Hispanic, 25 percent were black nonHispanic, and 33 percent were classified 

as white, non-Hispanic. Asian and 

Pacific Islander students accounted for 3 

percent of participants, American Indian 

or Alaska Native students comprised 

2 percent, and other students represented 

1 percent. 7 (See Figure 6 and Table 7 on 

pp. 17 and 18.) 

Over the past 26 years (since 1979-80), 

the proportion of Hispanic students 

has increased from 16 to 35 percent of 

all Title I participants, while the 

percentage of black, non-Hispanic 

participants has decreased from 31 to 25 percent and the percentage of white, Non-Hispanic participants 

has declined from 53 to 33 percent. Since 2000-01, the reported percentage of Hispanic students has been 

approximately equal to the percentage of white, non-Hispanic participants. The 2003-04 school year is the 

first year more Hispanic than white, non-Hispanic students participated in Title I. The percentage of 

participants from other racial and ethnic groups, including American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, and 

Pacific Islander students, remained largely unchanged during this period. (See Figure 7 and Table 8 on p. 

19.) 

Figure 7

Percentage of Total Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic 

Classification, 1979-80 Through 2003-04

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

79 80

Year

Percentage of Students

White, non-Hispanic

Black, nonHispanic

Hispanic

Other Racial and Ethnic Groups: American Indian 

and Alaska Native and Asian and Pacific Islander

Note: State performance report information was not collected for the

1995-96 school year.

79 80 85 90 95 00

Year

04

 

7

 States can, and do, provide counts of students classified as “other” in their racial and ethnic breakouts despite the fact this 

option is not available on the official data collection instrument. 

Figure 6

Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic 

Classification, 2003-04

Hispanic

35%

Other

1%

Asian and 

Pacific Isl.

3%

Black, nonHispanic

25%

 White, nonHispanic

33%

American 

Indian

2%

Percents do not add to 100 due to rounding.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 8

Special Populations Served by Title I 

A significant proportion of Title I participants are students from special populations. These children include 

students with disabilities, who in 2003-04 represented 12 percent of the Title I participants. For 2003-04, 16 

percent of Title I participants were classified as students with limited English proficiency, and 2 percent were 

migrant students. 

Refer to Tables 9-11 (on pp. 20-22) for detailed, state-by-state special population participation information. 

Services Supported by Title I 

Instructional and supporting service information is reported only for participants in TAS schools, because 

schoolwide programs serve all students and upgrade the entire instructional program in those high-poverty 

schools.

Instructional Services

States report on TAS students 

receiving any of five categories 

of instructional services with 

Title I, Part A funds —reading 

or language arts, mathematics, 

science, social studies, and 

other instructional services. 

Among these, the most 

common services provided 

were reading or language arts 

and mathematics. For the 2003-

04 reporting year, 83 percent of 

TAS participants received 

instruction in reading and 

52 percent received instruction 

in mathematics.8

 (See Figure 8 

and Table 12 on p. 23.) 

Other Support Services 

As in past years, smaller percentages of TAS students received other Title I-funded support services. In 

2003-04, 23 percent of students received Title I-supported guidance or counseling or social work, 12 

percent received health or dental services, and 22 percent received support services classified as other, 

such as transportation, home visits, nutrition and health education, and speech therapy. (See Figure 8 and 

Table 12 on p. 23.) 

 

8

 Figure 8 and Table 12 do not include data from Illinois, a state which had data that fluctuated widely from the previous year, 

raising concerns about validity. Illinois reported that the number of TAS students receiving Title I services increased nearly

600 percent from 2002-03 to 2003-04 for reading services and over 1,000 percent for mathematics. 

Figure 8

Services Provided to Title I TAS Students, 

2002-03 and 2003-04

5

11

12

2

13

16

48

79

6

9

15

2

13

13

52

83

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

Reading/

Language Arts

Mathematics

Science

Social Studies

Other Instructional

Services

Guidance/Counseling/

Social Work

Health/Dental

Other Supporting

Services

Supporting Services

Instructional Services

2003-04

2002-03
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 9

Title I TAS Staffing Patterns

Staffing data are only available for schools that operated targeted assistance programs in 2003-04 

(45 percent of Title I schools). States were asked to report staffing data for these schools and not those that 

operated schoolwide programs, due to the structural differences between the programs. However, these 

data may include some district-level staff who work with multiple schools, including schoolwide 

programs, for which data are otherwise not available. 

Teachers accounted for over half 

(57 percent) of all Title I fulltime equivalent (FTE) staff in 

targeted assistance schools, a 

percentage that has risen steadily 

over the past four years, while 

the percentage of FTE staff who 

were teacher aides has declined. 

Specifically, the percentage of FTE 

staff who were teachers rose from 

44 percent in 1999-2000 to 57 

percent in 2003-04, and the 

percentage who were teacher aides 

declined from 41 percent to 31 

percent over this same period. 

Together, teachers and teacher 

aides accounted for 88 percent of 

the reported total of 62,556 Title 

I staff. Other Title I staff included 

administrators (3 percent), support 

staff (5 percent), and other staff 

(3 percent). (See Figures 9 and 10 

and Tables 13 and 14 on pp. 24 and 

26.)

Figure 9

Title I FTE Teachers and Teacher Aides in 

TAS Schools, 1979-80 Through 2003-04

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

79 80 85 90

Percentage of Reported FTE Staff

Teachers

Teacher Aides

Note: State performance report information was not collected for the

1995-96 school year.

79 80 85 90 95 00

Year

Figure 10

Title I FTE Staff in TAS Schools, 

by Classification, 2003-04

Teacher Aides 

31%

Other Staff

 3%

Teachers

57%

Administrators 

3%

Support Staff 

5%

Total FTE staff = 62,556

Percents do not add to 100 due to rounding.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 10

Table 1 

Number and Percentage of Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, by 

State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 

 2002–03 2003-04 

 TAS SWP TAS SWP 

State 

Number of 

Title I Schools Number 

% of 

Total Number 

% of 

Total 

Number of 

Title I Schools Number 

% of 

Total Number 

% of 

Total 

Alabama 873 227 26 646 74 874 204 23 670 77 

Alaska 299 217 73 82 27 304 211 69 93 31 

Arizona 1,054 465 44 589 56 1,098 474 43 624 57 

Arkansas 813 379 47 434 53 823 356 43 467 57 

California 5,894 2,691 46 3,203 54 6,184 2,735 44 3,449 56 

Colorado 558 270 48 288 52 582 258 44 324 56 

Connecticut 527 407 77 120 23 499 363 73 136 27 

Delaware 125 74 59 51 41 102 44 43 58 57 

District of Columbia 172 4 2 168 98 171 7 4 164 96 

Florida 1,374 79 6 1,295 94 1,426 77 5 1,349 95 

Georgia 1,118 227 20 891 80 1,134 209 18 925 82 

Hawaii 139 4 3 135 97 204 34 17 170 83 

Idaho 408 323 79 85 21 384 290 76 94 24 

Illinois 2,433 1,444 59 989 41 2,311 1,299 56 1,012 44 

Indiana 799 619 77 180 23 790 606 77 184 23 

Iowa 730 605 83 125 17 713 584 82 129 18 

Kansas 658 426 65 232 35 664 420 63 244 37 

Kentucky 888 132 15 756 85 898 116 13 782 87 

Louisiana 962 154 16 808 84 945 154 16 791 84 

Maine 426 377 88 49 12 457 400 88 57 12 

Maryland 381 62 16 319 84 380 62 16 318 84 

Massachusetts 1,128 679 60 449 40 1,163 702 60 461 40 

Michigan 2,143 1,229 57 914 43 3,113 1,901 61 1,212 39 

Minnesota 979 750 77 229 23 980 742 76 238 24 

Mississippi 561 62 11 499 89 686 58 8 628 92 

Missouri 1,306 905 69 401 31 1,270 883 70 387 30 

Montana 647 520 80 127 20 679 525 77 154 23 

Nebraska 498 336 67 162 33 493 323 66 170 34 

Nevada 118 33 28 85 72 119 33 28 86 72 

New Hampshire 268 241 90 27 10 271 242 89 29 11 

New Jersey 1,440 1,055 75 385 25 1,440 1,055 73 385 27 

New Mexico 533 188 35 345 65 539 180 33 359 67 

New York 2,790 1,778 64 1,012 36 3,018 1,965 65 1,053 35 

North Carolina 1,129 271 24 858 76 1,154 271 23 883 77 

North Dakota 338 302 89 36 11 365 326 89 39 11 

Ohio 2,060 1,045 51 1,015 49 2,099 1,076 51 1,023 49 

Oklahoma 1,235 366 29 869 71 1,235 352 29 883 71 

Oregon 591 315 53 276 47 593 267 45 326 55 

Pennsylvania 1,888 1,330 70 558 30 1,869 1,298 69 571 31 

Rhode Island 148 92 62 56 38 132 76 58 56 42 

South Carolina 534 53 10 481 90 553 49 9 504 91 

South Dakota 347 231 67 116 33 340 217 64 123 36 

Tennessee 833 213 26 620 74 906 185 20 721 80 

Texas 4,823 540 11 4,283 89 5,061 452 9 4,609 91 

Utah 217 59 27 158 73 217 59 27 158 73 

Vermont -- -- -- -- -- 217 120 55 97 45 

Virginia 794 508 64 286 36 830 512 62 318 38 

Washington 1,018 558 55 460 45 978 480 49 498 51 

West Virginia 413 67 16 346 84 409 58 14 351 86 

Wisconsin 1,109 831 75 278 25 1,108 803 72 305 28 

Wyoming 171 121 71 50 29 170 120 71 50 29 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 172 0 0 172 100 172 0 0 172 100 

Puerto Rico 1,512 116 8 1,396 92 1,495 105 7 1,390 93 

Total 52,374 23,980 46 28,394 54 54,617 24,338 45 30,279 55 

Note: The Bureau of Indian Affairs does not have any TAS schools. Vermont did not provide information on the number of Title I schools for 2002-03. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 11

Table 2 

Districts Identified for Improvement, by State or Jurisdiction, 2004-05 (Based on assessment data in 

2003-04) 

State Number in Improvement 

Alabama 0 

Alaska 31 

Arizona 74 

Arkansas 0 

California 142 

Colorado 57 

Connecticut 39 

Delaware 0 

District of Columbia † 

Florida 67 

Georgia 12 

Hawaii † 

Idaho 44 

Illinois 248 

Indiana 23 

Iowa 9 

Kansas 7 

Kentucky 53 

Louisiana 2 

Maine 0 

Maryland 9 

Massachusetts 148 

Michigan 0 

Minnesota 17 

Mississippi 36 

Missouri 0 

Montana 55 

Nebraska 4 

Nevada 9 

New Hampshire 15 

New Jersey 28 

New Mexico 0 

New York 60 

North Carolina 41 

North Dakota 13 

Ohio 49 

Oklahoma 22 

Oregon 15 

Pennsylvania 174 

Rhode Island 3 

South Carolina 67 

South Dakota 5 

Tennessee 25 

Texas 2 

Utah 21 

Vermont 6 

Virginia 80 

Washington 29 

West Virginia 27 

Wisconsin 1 

Wyoming 1 

Bureau of Indian Affairs † 

Puerto Rico † 

Total 1,770 

† Not applicable. The District of Columbia, Hawaii, the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Puerto Rico are both an SEA and LEA. 

Note: 2003-04 was the first year for which district improvement information was collected on the CSPR. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 12

Table 3 

Participating Title I Schools Identified for School Improvement, by State or Jurisdiction, 2003-04 and 

2004-05 (Based on assessment data in 2002-03 and 2003-04 respectively) 

 2003-04 (based on 2002-03 test results) 2004-05 (based on 2003-04 test results) 

State 

Total 

Number 

Number in 

Improvement 

Percent in 

Improvement 

Total 

Number 

Number in 

Improvement 

Percent in 

Improvement 

Alabama 873 46 5 874 79 9 

Alaska 299 64 21 304 125 41 

Arizona 1,054 220 21 1,098 135 12 

Arkansas 813 272 33 823 203 25 

California 5,894 1,205 20 6,184 1,618 26 

Colorado 558 80 14 582 87 15 

Connecticut 527 12 2 499 93 19 

Delaware 125 12 10 102 18 18 

District of Columbia 172 14 8 171 75 44 

Florida 1,374 42 0 1,426 965 68 

Georgia 1,118 533 48 1,134 285 25 

Hawaii 139 84 60 204 84 41 

Idaho 408 43 11 384 28 7 

Illinois 2,433 577 24 2,311 660 29 

Indiana 799 97 12 790 77 10 

Iowa 730 11 2 713 13 2 

Kansas 658 30 5 664 21 3 

Kentucky 888 25 3 898 135 15 

Louisiana 962 58 6 945 64 7 

Maine 426 7 2 457 20 4 

Maryland 381 102 27 380 115 30 

Massachusetts 1,128 208 18 1,163 288 25 

Michigan 2,143 352 16 3,113 511 16 

Minnesota 979 38 4 980 48 5 

Mississippi 561 7 1 686 71 10 

Missouri 1,306 30 2 1,270 132 10 

Montana 647 40 6 679 68 10 

Nebraska 498 6 1 493 9 2 

Nevada 118 27 23 119 49 41 

New Hampshire 268 6 2 271 27 10 

New Jersey 1,440 234 16 1,440 368 26 

New Mexico 533 96 18 539 121 22 

New York 2,790 526 19 3,018 508 17 

North Carolina 1,129 36 3 1,154 159 14 

North Dakota 338 23 7 365 21 6 

Ohio 2,060 191 9 2,099 304 14 

Oklahoma 1,235 46 4 1,235 111 9 

Oregon 591 7 1 593 24 4 

Pennsylvania 1,888 298 16 1,869 323 17 

Rhode Island 148 24 16 132 39 30 

South Carolina 534 90 17 553 207 37 

South Dakota 347 32 9 340 59 17 

Tennessee 833 55 7 906 128 14 

Texas 4,823 9 * 5,061 199 4 

Utah 217 6 3 217 16 7 

Vermont -- 4 -- 217 16 7 

Virginia 794 44 6 830 111 13 

Washington 1,018 51 5 978 156 16 

West Virginia 413 7 2 409 37 9 

Wisconsin 1,109 52 5 1,108 35 3 

Wyoming 171 0 0 170 7 4 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 172 47 27 172 120 70 

Puerto Rico 1,512 140 9 1,495 598 40 

Total 52,374 6,266 12 54,617 9,770 18 

* Less than 0.5 percent. 

Note: The information shown in this table should be viewed with caution, as states may have made changes to the assessments 

in place or assessment levels reported from one year to the next. Vermont did not provide information on the number of 

Title I schools for 2002-03. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 13

Table 4 

Number and Percentage of Title I Public, Private, and Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D) Participants, by 

State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 

 Public TAS Public SWP 

State 2002-03 % of Total 2003-04 % of Total 2002-03 % of Total 2003-04 % of Total 

Alabama 21,738 7 21,952 7 289,113 92 296,758 92 

Alaska 6,797 34 11,367 46 12,880 65 13,481 54 

Arizona 49,229 11 54,792 14 380,585 88 343,022 85 

Arkansas 31,000 18 13,449 8 142,277 81 156,852 91 

California 618,783 20 629,229 19 2,395,867 78 2,586,816 79 

Colorado 13,680 11 16,681 12 110,456 88 125,209 87 

Connecticut 36,242 36 34,080 32 61,101 61 68,118 65 

Delaware 4,545 13 3,761 10 28,060 83 33,029 87 

District of Columbia 487 1 2,230 3 64,736 97 65,951 93 

Florida 7,336 1 6,598 1 907,566 99 1,016,688 98 

Georgia 18,171 3 18,093 3 620,105 97 617,637 97 

Hawaii 91 * 2,677 2 81,223 100 107,477 97 

Idaho 16,790 36 18,368 41 29,563 63 26,142 58 

Illinois 88,230 16 145,257 22 443,583 82 518,859 77 

Indiana 54,084 44 53,432 42 63,278 52 68,848 54 

Iowa 26,118 40 24,619 37 35,037 54 37,910 57 

Kansas 19,421 20 18,932 19 72,136 75 78,828 78 

Kentucky 16,749 5 12,825 4 311,614 94 324,755 95 

Louisiana 24,504 6 15,794 4 347,648 91 365,876 94 

Maine 17,840 68 18,565 72 8,068 31 6,998 27 

Maryland 8,320 6 7,801 5 138,554 92 145,924 93 

Massachusetts 46,690 19 47,310 17 188,264 78 220,345 80 

Michigan 162,362 28 115,137 19 408,368 71 493,060 81 

Minnesota 59,691 44 59,131 42 71,234 52 75,563 53 

Mississippi 8,281 3 6,087 2 284,616 97 308,257 97 

Missouri 48,362 26 60,153 30 128,316 69 130,023 65 

Montana 17,439 42 18,207 38 23,170 56 28,419 60 

Nebraska 11,287 22 11,148 20 35,901 70 40,733 73 

Nevada 3,156 5 2,363 3 59,997 94 64,830 96 

New Hampshire 10,633 58 10,860 55 7,588 41 8,580 44 

New Jersey 97,529 33 101,220 33 191,457 65 195,520 64 

New Mexico 11,250 8 10,528 7 122,830 90 129,966 91 

New York 340,590 46 328,279 40 363,567 49 440,991 54 

North Carolina 25,117 6 25,407 6 367,643 93 387,953 94 

North Dakota 8,410 42 9,087 46 10,710 54 10,278 52 

Ohio 55,667 11 57,260 11 431,139 88 443,477 88 

Oklahoma 30,561 11 24,035 8 248,065 89 263,092 91 

Oregon 21,993 16 22,614 16 114,600 83 114,965 83 

Pennsylvania 121,307 26 113,540 25 321,709 69 315,065 70 

Rhode Island -- -- 5,022 15 -- -- 28,789 85 

South Carolina 5,021 2 3,426 1 253,933 98 269,447 98 

South Dakota 6,656 26 7,133 25 18,237 71 20,525 73 

Tennessee 22,147 7 25,241 7 287,805 91 306,896 91 

Texas 38,511 2 44,883 2 2,211,585 97 2,803,010 98 

Utah 10,735 14 10,822 14 65,188 86 67,803 86 

Vermont -- -- 4,934 16 -- -- 25,888 83 

Virginia 32,140 19 34,423 19 137,026 80 145,784 81 

Washington 39,925 17 39,200 15 199,801 83 213,600 84 

West Virginia 28,148 21 5,811 6 106,917 79 84,044 93 

Wisconsin 54,000 33 48,646 27 106,244 64 127,268 71 

Wyoming 660 25 725 26 1,889 71 2,033 74 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 0 0 0 0 47,229 100 48,443 100 

Puerto Rico 18,937 4 19,276 4 474,876 92 486,731 92 

Total 2,417,360 15 2,402,410 13 13,833,354 84 15,306,556 85 

Table 4 continues on the next page 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 14

Table 4 (continued) 

Number and Percentage of Title I Public, Private, and Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D) Participants, by 

State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 

 Private Local N or D Total 

State 2002-03 

% of 

Total 2003-04 

% of 

Total 2002-03 

% of 

Total 2003-04 

% of 

Total 2002-03 2003-04 

% 

Change 

Alabama 1,114 * 863 * 1,468 * 2,250 1 313,433 321,823 3 

Alaska 4 * 5 * 95 * 55 * 19,776 24,908 26 

Arizona 1,446 * 2,662 1 2,134 0 3,366 1 433,394 403,842 * 

Arkansas 630 * 660 * 1,097 1 2,332 1 175,004 173,293 * 

California 19,340 1 17,920 1 41,640 1 20,362 1 3,075,630 3,254,327 6 

Colorado 567 * 1,229 1 714 1 1,460 1 125,417 144,579 15 

Connecticut 1,181 1 1,700 2 1,447 1 1,579 1 99,971 105,477 6 

Delaware 866 3 775 2 284 1 425 1 33,755 37,990 13 

District of Columbia 1,046 2 2,616 4 625 1 8 * 66,894 70,805 6 

Florida * 3,756 * 2,000 * 5,999 1 916,902 1,033,041 13 

Georgia 1,048 * 1,269 * 2,780 * 2,089 * 642,104 639,088 * 

Hawaii 296 * 320 * 0 0 0 0 81,610 110,474 35 

Idaho 97 * 137 * 727 2 198 * 47,177 44,845 * 

Illinois 9,263 2 9,392 1 2,194 * -- -- 543,270 673,508 24 

Indiana 2,557 2 2,236 2 2,028 2 2,352 2 121,947 126,868 4 

Iowa 1,608 2 1,425 2 2,321 4 2,265 3 65,084 66,219 2 

Kansas 2,210 2 2,367 2 2,000 2 1,354 1 95,767 101,481 6 

Kentucky 1,100 * 1,885 1 932 * 1,174 * 330,395 340,639 3 

Louisiana 6,195 2 6,653 2 3,894 1 2,658 1 382,241 390,981 2 

Maine 347 1 316 1 149 1 74 * 26,404 25,953 * 

Maryland 1,947 1 1,983 1 1,506 1 1,340 1 150,327 157,048 4 

Massachusetts 5,200 2 5,120 2 2,194 1 1,469 1 242,348 274,244 13 

Michigan 2,242 * 233 * -- -- 1,599 * 572,972 610,029 6 

Minnesota 4,973 4 5,422 4 112 * 1,512 1 136,010 141,628 4 

Mississippi 1,229 * 2,627 1 786 * 834 * 294,912 317,805 8 

Missouri 3,078 2 3,180 2 5,302 3 6,783 3 185,058 200,139 8 

Montana 526 1 680 1 364 1 300 1 41,499 47,606 15 

Nebraska 1,074 2 1,185 2 2,803 5 2,540 5 51,065 55,606 9 

Nevada 70 * 38 * 526 1 327 * 63,749 67,558 6 

New Hampshire 171 1 151 1 54 * 40 * 18,446 19,631 6 

New Jersey 6,604 2 4,769 2 1,120 * 2,515 1 296,710 304,024 2 

New Mexico 900 1 742 1 1,653 1 982 1 136,633 142,218 4 

New York 31,672 4 37,885 5 11,143 1 13,447 2 746,972 820,602 10 

North Carolina 219 * 82 * 782 * 1,340 * 393,761 414,782 5 

North Dakota 326 2 352 2 393 2 177 1 19,839 19,894 * 

Ohio 1,196 * 1,309 * 1,231 * 1,569 * 489,233 503,615 3 

Oklahoma 210 * 221 * 736 * 675 * 279,572 288,023 3 

Oregon 1,204 1 1,115 1 551 * 474 * 138,348 139,168 1 

Pennsylvania 22,138 5 18,381 4 3,840 1 3,846 1 468,994 450,832 * 

Rhode Island -- -- 180 1 -- -- 1 * -- 33,992 -- 

South Carolina 162 * 136 * 310 * 549 * 259,426 273,558 5 

South Dakota 466 2 223 1 395 2 414 1 25,754 28,295 10 

Tennessee 4,535 1 664 * 2,664 1 4,524 1 317,151 337,325 6 

Texas 12,124 1 15,570 1 9,216 * 6,314 * 2,271,436 2,869,777 26 

Utah 260 * 212 * 0 * 0 * 76,183 78,837 3 

Vermont -- -- 104 * -- -- 237 1 -- 31,163 -- 

Virginia 655 * -- -- 1,500 1 804 * 171,321 181,011 6 

Washington 1,211 1 1,331 1 609 * 1,602 1 241,546 255,733 6 

West Virginia 437 * 272 * 256 * 441 * 135,758 90,568 * 

Wisconsin 4,491 3 4,021 2 160 * 178 * 164,895 180,113 9 

Wyoming 14 1 -- -- 99 4 -- -- 2,662 2,758 4 

Bureau of Indian 

Affairs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,229 48,443 3 

Puerto Rico 22,817 4 22,243 4 457 0 410 0 517,087 528,660 2 

Total 183,066 1 188,617 1 119,291 1 107,243 1 16,553,071 18,004,826 9 

* Less than 0.5 percent. 

Note: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. Rhode Island and Vermont did not provide this information for 2002-03. Private school 

data for Virginia for 2003-04 are not included in this table. Wyoming did not provide this information for 2003-04. The Bureau of Indian Affairs 

does not have any TAS schools. 

TAS = Targeted assistance schools 

SWP = Schoolwide program schools 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003–04 Page 15 Table 5 Title I Participation, Public, Private, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D), and Total, 1979-80 Through 2003-04 Year Public Percent Change Private Percent Change Local N or D Percent Change Total Perc

Chan

1979-1980 4,973,708 189,114 5,162,822 1980-1981 4,862,308 -2 213,499 13 5,075,807 1981-1982 4,434,447 -9 184,084 -14 4,618,531 1982-1983 4,270,424 -4 177,210 -4 4,447,634 1983-1984 4,381,975 3 190,660 8 4,572,635 1984-1985 4,528,177 3 184,532 -3 4,712,709 1985-1986 4,611,948 2 127,922 -31 4,739,870 1986-1987 4,594,761 * 137,900 8 4,732,661 1987-1988 4,808,030 5 136,618 -1 4,944,648 1988-1989 4,777,643 -1 137,656 1 131,574 5,046,873 1989-1990 5,014,617 5 151,948 10 161,255 23 5,327,820 1990-1991 5,252,141 5 157,360 4 138,069 -14 5,547,570 1991-1992 5,594,718 7 163,329 4 145,572 5 5,903,619 1992-1993 6,042,849 8 171,239 5 182,398 25 6,396,486 1993-1994 6,198,095 3 177,243 4 178,942 -2 6,554,280 1994-1995 6,392,372 3 172,982 -2 106,467 -41 6,671,821 

1995-1996+ Public TAS Percent Change Public SWP Percent Change 1996-1997 3,994,509 7,088,756 73 167,590 -3 113,719 7 11,364,574 

1997-1998 3,319,244 -17 9,087,839 28 12 188,194 12 114,978 1 12,710,255 1998-1999 3,101,515 -7 10,032,960 10 6 197,356 5 95,045 -17 13,426,876 1999-2000 2,834,313 -9 11,280,092 12 7 183,894 -7 120,554 27 14,418,853 2000-2001 2,413,118 -15 12,316,664 9 4 201,572 10 116,440 -3 15,047,794 2001-2002 2,537,654 5 12,918,633 5 5 195,556 -3 121,330 4 15,773,173 2002-2003 2,417,360 -5 13,833,354 7 5 183,066 -6 119,291 -2 16,553,071 2003-2004 2,402,410 -1 15,306,556 11 9 188,617 3 107,243 -10 18,004,826 

* Less than 0.5 percent. + No state performance report information was collected for the 1995-96 school year. Note: There were two major changes to the reporting form since 1979-80. In 1998-99, states were required to provide separate counts of the number 

With the advent of public targeted assistance schools (TAS) and schoolwide program (SWP) schools, the Department required states to provide 

counts of public participants starting in 1996-97. Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. For 1997-98, two states were unable to provide participation information broken out by T

and 1999-2000, Missouri was the only state unable to provide this information. For these states, all of their participants are reported in the overa

TAS and SWP breakouts. Not all states provided information on Local N or D for all years. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003–04 Page 16 Table 6 Title I Participants by Grade Span, Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS), Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, Private, 

Delinquent (N or D), and Total, 2002-03 and 2003-04 Public TAS Public SWP Private Local N or D 

Grade Level Number % of Public TAS % of Total Number % of Public SWP % of Total Number % of Private % of Total Number % of Local N or D % of Tota2002-03 Pre-K 23,263 1 6 381,587 2 93 2,618 1 1 2,824 3 1 Kindergarten 185,729 8 11 1,433,446 9 88 14,783 8 1 3,241 3 * Grades 1-3 903,471 38 17 4,412,946 29 82 72,165 38 1 13,763 13 * Grades 4-6 630,693 26 13 3,975,812 26 85 54,608 29 1 18,803 18 * Grades 7-9 397,212 17 14 2,393,244 16 84 23,500 13 1 37,324 36 1 Grades 10-12 224,814 9 17 1,093,603 7 81 6,207 3 * 27,824 27 2 Ungraded 47,447 2 32 96,001 1 65 1,733 1 1 2,532 2 2 Total 2,412,629 100 15 13,786,639 100 84 175,614 100 1 106,311 100 1 2003-04 Pre-K 19,680 1 4 432,312 3 95 3,773 2 1 727 1 * Kindergarten 172,870 7 10 1,567,817 10 89 14,938 8 1 2,209 2 * Grades 1-3 854,151 36 15 4,740,842 31 83 77,081 41 1 10,006 10 * Grades 4-6 619,533 26 12 4,324,094 28 86 57,957 31 1 15,500 15 * Grades 7-9 438,756 18 13 2,822,722 18 85 25,423 14 1 37,824 36 1 Grades 10-12 241,401 10 15 1,309,003 9 82 7,589 4 * 32,752 32 2 Ungraded 56,484 2 33 109,766 1 64 1,126 1 1 4,689 5 3 Total 2,402,875 100 13 15,306,556 100 85 187,887 100 1 103,707 100 1 

* Less than 0.5 percent. Note: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 17

Table 7 

Number and Percentage of Title I Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) Participants, by 

Racial and Ethnic Classification and State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 

 Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic White, non-Hispanic 

State 2002-03 

% of 

Total 2003-04 

% of 

Total 2002-03 

% of 

Total 2003-04 

% of 

Total 2002-03 

% of 

Total 2003-04 

% of 

Total 

Alabama 160,701 51 165,521 51 6,063 2 7,078 2 140,334 45 143,190 44 

Alaska 832 4 1,249 5 537 3 607 2 6,213 31 7,392 29 

Arizona 25,951 6 22,284 6 251,571 58 234,126 58 101,859 24 93,015 23 

Arkansas 55,483 36 61,903 32 7,927 5 12,468 6 88,808 58 118,597 61 

California 297,202 11 323,657 10 1,743,088 62 2,089,748 65 488,760 17 515,628 16 

Colorado 6,494 9 13,956 9 36,947 53 80,441 55 23,547 34 47,380 32 

Connecticut 30,931 32 33,208 32 34,945 36 37,203 36 27,945 29 28,219 27 

Delaware 13,084 40 14,638 40 3,200 10 3,690 10 15,734 48 17,657 48 

District of Columbia 57,263 87 47,142 87 6,681 10 5,821 11 532 1 590 1 

Florida 341,292 35 339,250 33 242,205 25 264,101 26 364,040 37 374,935 37 

Georgia 315,759 51 309,404 52 51,103 8 58,595 10 228,207 37 220,902 37 

Hawaii 1,671 2 2,412 2 2,199 3 3,109 3 10,681 13 15,191 14 

Idaho 356 1 478 1 10,250 18 10,675 24 45,661 79 31,768 72 

Illinois 237,262 44 238,106 42 167,283 31 172,384 30 127,275 24 146,639 26 

Indiana 33,023 29 34,576 28 10,917 10 11,653 10 69,464 61 71,216 58 

Iowa 6,084 9 6,593 10 6,868 11 8,129 12 48,958 75 48,787 74 

Kansas 14,983 16 15,023 15 21,181 23 22,475 23 51,105 56 53,930 55 

Kentucky 41,741 13 41,265 12 5,081 2 6,219 2 274,279 85 281,579 85 

Louisiana 226,264 65 226,242 58 6,460 2 6,806 2 106,859 31 152,563 39 

Maine 829 3 815 3 285 1 593 2 24,265 92 24,007 93 

Maryland 96,540 66 99,981 65 14,445 10 16,582 11 32,182 22 33,526 22 

Massachusetts 53,653 23 59,153 22 65,809 28 82,319 31 99,066 42 109,780 41 

Michigan 294,836 52 260,039 43 38,617 7 38,469 6 221,630 39 292,142 48 

Minnesota 26,836 20 29,818 21 12,473 10 14,545 10 67,932 52 71,575 51 

Mississippi 152,128 54 189,067 60 3,118 1 3,494 1 125,425 44 119,229 38 

Missouri 60,690 34 62,896 33 6,235 4 8,754 5 108,790 61 117,086 61 

Montana 410 1 459 1 1,100 3 1,275 3 26,631 66 32,432 70 

Nebraska 7,897 17 7,799 15 9,441 20 11,732 23 27,273 58 29,772 57 

Nevada 8,622 14 8,101 12 34,691 55 37,866 56 16,115 26 17,279 26 

New Hampshire 562 3 723 4 1,367 7 1,359 7 16,938 88 16,857 86 

New Jersey 98,501 36 108,288 36 105,687 39 115,099 39 56,947 21 61,464 21 

New Mexico 2,892 2 2,973 2 81,150 61 86,559 62 24,834 19 26,465 19 

New York 217,959 31 258,910 32 207,119 30 251,371 31 233,019 34 241,204 30 

North Carolina 155,086 39 159,926 39 37,270 9 40,545 10 173,715 44 184,440 45 

North Dakota 313 2 444 2 432 2 529 3 13,548 68 13,084 66 

Ohio 175,324 37 182,039 36 18,353 4 20,109 4 277,479 58 280,863 56 

Oklahoma 39,826 14 40,380 14 27,278 10 28,797 10 143,978 52 149,055 52 

Oregon 7,442 6 1,785 1 29,164 22 32,356 25 86,210 65 86,749 66 

Pennsylvania 195,370 44 180,999 42 49,441 11 55,225 13 183,054 42 178,774 42 

Rhode Island -- -- 6,545 19 -- -- 16,279 48 -- -- 9,117 27 

South Carolina 141,323 57 151,342 51 7,492 3 10,555 4 98,529 39 131,165 44 

South Dakota 503 2 442 2 616 2 616 2 14,846 57 17,251 61 

Tennessee 131,995 36 130,786 39 9,585 3 12,473 4 217,600 60 189,616 57 

Texas 340,673 15 464,005 16 1,325,573 59 1,667,761 59 548,039 24 669,537 24 

Utah 1,503 2 1,543 2 19,207 26 20,037 26 48,115 65 49,498 64 

Vermont -- -- 520 2 -- -- 280 1 -- -- 29,720 96 

Virginia 90,760 53 92,520 52 13,633 8 15,540 9 62,119 36 64,775 36 

Washington 21,632 9 23,011 9 65,871 27 70,779 28 126,331 52 131,822 52 

West Virginia 5,621 4 4,518 5 372 * 376 * 128,906 95 85,057 94 

Wisconsin 62,405 38 67,290 37 22,735 14 29,024 16 68,653 42 73,127 40 

Wyoming -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 444,316 100 464,189 100 1,347 0 190 0 

Total 4,258,507 27 4,494,024 25 5,267,381 33 6,190,815 35 5,493,777 34 5,905,836 33 

Table 7 continues on the next page. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 18

Table 7 (continued) 

Number and Percentage of Title I Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) Participants by 

Racial and Ethnic Classification and State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 

 Asian and Pacific Islander Am. Indian and Alaska Native Other Total 

State 2002-03 

% of 

Total 2003-04 

% of 

Total 2002-03 

% of 

Total 2003-04 

% of 

Total 2002-03 

% of 

Total 2003-04 

% of 

Total 2002-03 2003-04 

Alabama 2,312 1 1,787 1 3,603 1 3,810 1 164 * 437 * 313,177 321,823 

Alaska 708 4 754 3 11,851 59 15,427 61 0 * 0 * 20,141 25,429 

Arizona 5,236 1 4,646 1 45,264 11 43,366 11 793 * 6,172 2 430,674 403,609 

Arkansas 1,295 1 1,838 1 647 * 1,129 1 0 * 0 * 154,160 195,935 

California 222,441 8 241,828 7 24,270 1 26,051 1 32,579 1 37,053 1 2,808,340 3,233,965 

Colorado 1,276 2 2,998 2 1,306 2 2,361 2 0 0 0 0 69,570 147,136 

Connecticut 2,029 2 2,515 2 269 * 361 * 1,400 1 1,318 1 97,519 102,824 

Delaware 486 1 676 2 101 * 129 * 0 0 0 0 32,605 36,790 

District of Columbia 1,526 2 668 1 31 * 25 * 28 0 0 * 66,061 54,246 

Florida 13,170 1 13,560 1 3,054 * 3,239 * 23,416 2 28,077 3 987,177 1,023,162 

Georgia 8,066 1 8,624 1 775 * 746 * 10,445 2 0 * 614,355 598,271 

Hawaii 57,022 70 76,016 69 450 1 631 1 9,291 11 12,795 12 81,314 110,154 

Idaho 185 * 353 1 1,100 2 1,044 2 0 0 0 * 57,552 44,318 

Illinois 7,665 1 8,914 2 1,203 * 743 * 0 * 0 * 540,688 566,786 

Indiana 574 1 624 1 216 * 214 * 0 * 3,997 3 114,194 122,280 

Iowa 1,841 3 1,253 2 628 1 755 1 705 1 702 1 65,084 66,219 

Kansas 2,335 3 2,311 2 1,762 2 1,785 2 194 * 2,449 2 91,560 97,973 

Kentucky 1,596 * 2,093 1 509 * 515 * 0 * 0 * 323,206 331,671 

Louisiana 3,815 1 4,494 1 2,818 1 2,903 1 0 0 0 * 346,216 393,008 

Maine 319 1 338 1 143 1 200 1 563 2 0 * 26,404 25,953 

Maryland 3,088 2 3,035 2 619 * 601 * 0 0 0 0 146,874 153,725 

Massachusetts 15,569 7 17,200 6 857 * 980 * 0 0 0 0 234,954 269,432 

Michigan 8,776 2 8,023 1 6,872 1 6,610 1 0 * 2,526 * 570,731 607,809 

Minnesota 15,037 11 14,773 11 8,647 7 9,735 7 0 0 0 0 130,925 140,446 

Mississippi 1,778 1 1,912 1 0 * 545 * 359 * 0 * 282,808 314,247 

Missouri 1,552 1 2,161 1 589 * 721 * 0 * 0 0 177,856 191,618 

Montana 350 1 336 1 12,112 30 12,041 26 0 * 0 * 40,603 46,543 

Nebraska 693 1 758 1 1,868 4 1,880 4 0 0 0 0 47,172 51,941 

Nevada 2,088 3 2,219 3 1,622 3 1,684 3 0 * 0 * 63,138 67,149 

New Hampshire 283 1 296 2 57 * 59 * 31 0 330 2 19,238 19,624 

New Jersey 9,057 3 11,029 4 574 * 634 * 355 * 226 * 271,121 296,740 

New Mexico 822 1 941 1 23,088 17 23,556 17 0 * 0 * 132,786 140,494 

New York 33,232 5 44,772 6 4,000 1 5,060 1 0 * 0 0 695,329 801,317 

North Carolina 5,379 1 5,483 1 11,917 3 12,192 3 9,393 2 10,774 3 392,760 413,360 

North Dakota 154 1 148 1 5,392 27 5,512 28 0 0 0 * 19,839 19,717 

Ohio 3,353 1 3,789 1 847 * 897 * 0 * 14,349 3 475,356 502,046 

Oklahoma 2,162 1 3,259 1 64,518 23 65,424 23 864 * 0 * 278,626 286,915 

Oregon 5,535 4 5,830 4 3,999 3 4,141 3 0 * 0 0 132,350 130,861 

Pennsylvania 12,493 3 12,028 3 620 * 484 * 0 * 1,095 * 440,978 428,605 

Rhode Island -- -- 1,817 5 -- -- 217 1 -- -- 0 * -- 33,975 

South Carolina 1,904 1 1,919 1 874 * 927 * 0 * 2,943 1 250,122 298,851 

South Dakota 176 1 175 1 9,799 38 9,811 35 0 0 0 0 25,940 28,295 

Tennessee 2,028 1 2,277 1 1,806 * 443 * 0 * 0 0 363,014 335,595 

Texas 29,794 1 38,749 1 6,017 * 7,841 * 0 0 0 0 2,250,096 2,847,893 

Utah 3,222 4 3,043 4 2,513 3 3,573 5 0 * 0 * 74,560 77,694 

Vermont -- -- 422 1 -- -- 115 * -- -- 0 * -- 31,057 

Virginia 4,493 3 4,728 3 395 * 360 * 942 1 0 * 172,342 177,923 

Washington 17,059 7 19,277 8 10,647 4 10,844 4 0 0 0 0 241,540 255,733 

West Virginia 310 * 238 * 89 * 107 * 0 0 0 * 135,298 90,296 

Wisconsin 7,457 5 7,415 4 3,701 2 3,958 2 0 0 0 * 164,951 180,814 

Wyoming -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 0 0 0 0 47,229 100 48,443 100 0 0 0 0 47,229 48,443 

Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 484 * 932 * 446,147 465,311 

Total 521,741 3 594,342 3 331,268 2 344,829 2 92,006 1 126,175 1 15,964,680 17,656,021 

* Less than 0.5 percent. 

 Note: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. The total number of participants shown in this table does not equal the total figure reported in Table 

6 because the totals shown in Table 6 are based on data reported in the by-grade section of the CSPR. In some states, the total number of participants 

reported by racial and ethnic classification differs from the total number reported by grade. For example, for 2003-04, Arizona reported a total of 403,842 

students by grade and a total of 403,609 students by racial and ethnic classification. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003–04 Page 19 Table 8 Number and Percentage of Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification, 1979-80 Through 2003-04 Year Native American, Asian, and Other % of Total Black, non- Hispanic % of Total Hispanic % of Total White, non- Hispanic % of Total 

R

1979-1980 173,685 4 1,371,304 31 702,940 16 2,324,433 53 41980-1981 186,120 4 1,299,725 31 859,108 20 2,049,795 49 41981-1982 131,789 4 1,002,116 31 582,408 18 1,699,030 52 31982-1983 138,721 4 1,040,510 31 730,699 22 1,558,123 47 31983-1984 188,138 5 1,122,407 30 924,517 24 1,747,691 46 31984-1985 174,870 4 1,252,817 30 898,994 22 1,962,436 48 41985-1986 192,984 4 1,319,907 29 1,106,902 25 2,089,988 46 41986-1987 199,585 4 1,301,106 29 1,144,865 25 2,054,588 46 41987-1988 226,491 5 1,367,197 29 1,231,874 26 2,121,428 45 41988-1989 227,938 5 1,368,893 28 1,275,526 27 2,165,591 45 41989-1990 244,177 5 1,445,326 29 1,359,025 27 2,162,953 44 41990-1991 256,746 5 1,487,977 29 1,439,549 28 2,183,894 43 51991-1992 288,353 5 1,590,927 29 1,608,146 29 2,316,446 42 51992-1993 314,162 5 1,682,765 28 1,823,057 31 2,412,572 41 51993-1994 300,640 5 1,705,518 28 1,923,354 32 2,464,649 40 61994-1995 312,665 5 1,712,631 27 2,103,346 33 2,466,949 39 61995-1996+ Am. Indian and Alaskan Native % of Total Asian and Pacific Islander % of Total Other % of Total 1996-1997 201,407 2 351,513 3 32,708 * 3,098,362 28 3,378,972 31 3,986,285 36 11997-1998 270,164 2 391,634 3 131,276 1 3,571,637 29 3,651,617 30 4,339,246 35 11998-1999 286,478 2 413,349 3 110,958 1 3,681,781 28 4,016,656 30 4,676,136 35 11999-2000 298,445 2 494,397 3 138,753 1 3,911,668 28 4,295,845 30 4,999,045 35 12000-2001 309,207 2 435,871 3 121,375 1 4,023,856 27 4,808,990 33 5,058,361 34 12001-2002 332,513 2 488,873 3 112,312 1 4,142,798 27 5,241,402 34 5,216,951 34 12002-2003 331,268 2 521,741 3 92,006 1 4,258,507 27 5,267,381 33 5,493,777 34 12003-2004 344,829 2 594,342 3 126,175 1 4,494,024 25 6,190,815 35 5,905,836 33 1

* Less than 0.5 percent. + No state performance report information was collected for the 1995-96 school year. Note: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. The total number of participants shown in this table does not equal the total figure reported i

shown in Table 6 are based on data reported in the by-grade section of the CSPR. In some states, the total number of participants reported by racia

differs from the total number reported by grade. For example, for 2003-04, Arizona reported a total of 403,842 students by grade and a total of 403

ethnic classification. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 20

Table 9 

Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and Schoolwide 

Program (SWP) Title I Participants with Disabilities, by State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 

 2002-03 2003-04 

State 

Total Public 

SWP + TAS 

Participants 

Total Students 

with 

Disabilities, 

TAS + SWP 

Percent 

of Total 

Total Public 

SWP + TAS 

Participants 

Total Students 

with 

Disabilities, 

TAS + SWP 

Percent 

of Total 

Alabama 310,851 43,474 14 318,710 45,654 14 

Alaska 19,677 2,514 13 24,848 3,674 15 

Arizona 429,814 41,190 10 397,814 47,436 12 

Arkansas 173,277 1,702 1 170,301 2,815 2 

California 3,014,650 283,149 9 3,216,045 308,749 10 

Colorado 124,136 8,557 7 141,890 17,661 12 

Connecticut 97,343 9,703 10 102,198 12,407 12 

Delaware 32,605 4,442 14 36,790 4,258 12 

District of Columbia 65,223 7,530 12 68,181 9,151 13 

Florida 914,902 140,993 15 1,023,286 164,082 16 

Georgia 638,276 84,432 13 635,730 87,977 14 

Hawaii 81,314 10,324 13 110,154 13,736 12 

Idaho 46,353 5,002 11 44,510 4,842 11 

Illinois 531,813 58,493 11 664,116 50,311 8 

Indiana 117,362 17,381 15 122,280 21,047 17 

Iowa 61,155 6,618 11 62,529 6,921 11 

Kansas 91,557 8,934 10 97,760 11,066 11 

Kentucky 328,363 47,864 15 337,580 48,942 14 

Louisiana 372,152 48,935 13 381,670 53,816 14 

Maine 25,908 3,106 12 25,563 3,971 16 

Maryland 146,874 12,040 8 153,725 17,633 11 

Massachusetts 234,954 40,425 17 267,655 50,642 19 

Michigan 570,730 49,239 9 608,197 91,595 15 

Minnesota 130,925 25,354 19 134,694 22,500 17 

Mississippi 292,897 21,651 7 314,344 29,518 9 

Missouri 176,678 20,667 12 190,176 28,091 15 

Montana 40,609 4,666 11 46,626 5,841 13 

Nebraska 47,188 6,261 13 51,881 6,845 13 

Nevada 63,153 7,468 12 67,193 8,218 12 

New Hampshire 18,221 2,256 12 19,440 2,266 12 

New Jersey 288,986 22,406 8 296,740 22,762 8 

New Mexico 134,080 21,429 16 140,494 21,711 15 

New York 704,157 133,602 19 769,270 104,165 14 

North Carolina 392,760 62,783 16 413,360 67,165 16 

North Dakota 19,120 4,181 22 19,365 4,089 21 

Ohio 486,806 72,579 15 500,737 76,680 15 

Oklahoma 278,626 41,351 15 287,127 42,403 15 

Oregon 136,593 18,485 14 137,579 19,354 14 

Pennsylvania 443,016 13,465 3 428,605 49,586 12 

Rhode Island -- -- -- 33,811 6,241 18 

South Carolina 258,954 41,272 16 272,873 27,913 10 

South Dakota 24,893 5,408 22 27,658 5,166 19 

Tennessee 309,952 43,758 14 332,137 48,742 15 

Texas 2,250,096 298,210 13 2,847,893 355,764 12 

Utah 75,923 7,765 10 78,625 10,218 13 

Vermont -- -- -- 30,822 4,564 15 

Virginia 169,166 23,469 14 180,207 28,675 16 

Washington 239,726 26,668 11 252,800 30,540 12 

West Virginia 135,065 14,571 11 89,855 17,802 20 

Wisconsin 160,244 20,815 13 175,914 23,148 13 

Wyoming -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 47,229 7,662 16 48,443 8,174 17 

Puerto Rico 493,813 44,590 9 506,007 52,059 10 

Total 16,248,165 1,948,839 12 17,706,208 2,208,586 12 

Note: In this table, the figures include TAS and SWP students combined, as a small number of states were unable to provide 

this information separately. In 2002-03, Rhode Island, Vermont and Wyoming were unable to provide this information. In 

2003-04, Wyoming was unable to provide this information. Therefore, this table does not include participants from these 

states in the total calculations. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 21

Table 10 

Number and Percentage of Total Title I Participants with Limited English Proficiency (LEP), by 

State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 

 2002-03 2003-04 

State 

Total Title I 

Participants+ 

Total Title I 

Students with 

LEP 

Percent 

of Total 

Total Title I 

Participants+ 

Total Title I 

Students with 

LEP 

Percent 

of Total 

Alabama 313,433 5,006 2 321,823 5,714 2 

Alaska 19,776 6,716 34 24,908 8,988 36 

Arizona 433,394 138,803 32 403,842 134,585 33 

Arkansas 175,004 5,938 3 173,293 9,424 5 

California 3,075,630 1,136,677 37 3,254,327 1,280,732 39 

Colorado 125,417 15,388 12 144,579 45,947 32 

Connecticut 99,971 11,853 12 105,477 14,388 14 

Delaware 33,755 1,678 5 37,990 2,048 5 

District of Columbia 66,894 5,400 8 70,805 4,603 7 

Florida 916,902 114,380 12 1,033,041 115,582 11 

Georgia 642,104 29,129 5 639,088 29,039 5 

Hawaii 81,610 7,718 9 110,474 11,614 11 

Idaho 47,177 6,500 14 44,845 8,101 18 

Illinois 543,270 65,338 12 673,508 55,194 8 

Indiana 121,947 5,082 4 126,868 6,816 5 

Iowa 65,084 5,085 8 66,219 4,978 8 

Kansas 95,767 11,358 12 101,481 12,808 13 

Kentucky 330,395 3,891 1 340,639 4,674 1 

Louisiana 382,241 5,196 1 390,981 7,783 2 

Maine 26,404 428 2 25,953 736 3 

Maryland 150,327 9,321 6 157,048 8,104 5 

Massachusetts 242,348 25,211 10 274,244 34,993 13 

Michigan 572,972 11,938 2 610,029 38,457 6 

Minnesota 136,010 26,866 20 141,628 27,214 19 

Mississippi 294,912 1,093 * 317,805 2,466 1 

Missouri 185,058 4,698 3 200,139 17,563 9 

Montana 41,499 5,229 13 47,606 4,421 9 

Nebraska 51,065 6,001 12 55,606 7,701 14 

Nevada 63,749 22,902 36 67,558 25,509 38 

New Hampshire 18,446 968 5 19,631 1,062 5 

New Jersey 296,710 21,308 7 304,024 18,309 6 

New Mexico 136,633 42,640 31 142,218 37,887 27 

New York 746,972 105,760 14 820,602 124,487 15 

North Carolina 393,761 29,809 8 414,782 31,698 8 

North Dakota 19,839 724 4 19,894 1,281 6 

Ohio 489,233 11,370 2 503,615 13,448 3 

Oklahoma 279,572 23,067 8 288,023 24,051 8 

Oregon 138,348 26,202 19 139,168 28,437 20 

Pennsylvania 468,994 20,282 4 450,832 21,506 5 

Rhode Island -- -- -- 33,992 6,688 20 

South Carolina 259,426 3,837 1 273,558 6,478 2 

South Dakota 25,754 2,236 9 28,295 3,379 12 

Tennessee 317,151 7,160 2 337,325 8,340 2 

Texas 2,271,436 524,267 23 2,869,777 562,925 20 

Utah 76,183 16,411 22 78,837 16,814 21 

Vermont -- -- -- 31,163 575 2 

Virginia 171,321 9,000 5 181,011 13,651 8 

Washington 241,546 43,524 18 255,733 47,593 19 

West Virginia 135,758 111 * 90,568 215 * 

Wisconsin 164,895 13,082 8 180,113 14,697 8 

Wyoming -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 47,229 24,939 53 48,443 26,001 54 

Puerto Rico 517,087 4,821 1 528,660 4,684 1 

Total 16,550,409 2,626,341 16 18,002,068 2,944,388 16 

* Less than 0.5 percent. 

+ The Total Title I figure used in this table includes the figures reported for TAS, SWP, Private, and Local N or D combined. 

Note: In 2002-03, Rhode Island, Vermont and Wyoming were unable to provide this information. In 2003-04, Wyoming was 

unable to provide this information. Therefore, this table does not include participants from these states in the total 

calculations. In some states, the counts of limited English proficient students may include Private and Local Neglected or 

Delinquent (N or D) students. 

TAS = Targeted assistance schools 

SWP = Schoolwide program schools 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 22

Table 11 

Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and Schoolwide 

Program (SWP) Title I Participants Classified as Migrant, by State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 

2003-04 

 2002-03 2003-04 

State 

Total Public 

SWP + TAS 

Participants 

Number of 

Migrant 

students 

Percent 

of Total 

Total Public 

SWP + TAS 

Participants 

Number of 

Migrant 

students 

Percent 

of Total 

Alabama 310,851 4,214 1 318,710 3,268 1 

Alaska 19,677 3,788 19 24,848 4,723 19 

Arizona 429,814 10,259 2 397,814 10,510 3 

Arkansas 173,277 3,451 2 170,301 5,341 3 

California 3,014,650 156,683 5 3,216,045 163,475 5 

Colorado 124,136 1,728 1 141,890 5,522 4 

Connecticut 97,343 1,942 2 102,198 1,181 1 

Delaware 32,605 169 1 36,790 150 * 

District of Columbia 65,223 771 1 68,181 433 1 

Florida 914,902 30,150 3 1,023,286 31,932 3 

Georgia 638,276 7,101 1 635,730 7,332 1 

Hawaii 81,314 1,156 1 110,154 951 1 

Idaho 46,353 3,800 8 -- -- -- 

Illinois 531,813 2,459 * -- -- -- 

Indiana 117,362 873 1 122,280 958 1 

Iowa 61,155 1,689 3 62,529 1,710 3 

Kansas 91,557 4,832 5 97,760 4,075 4 

Kentucky 328,363 5,797 2 337,580 5,336 2 

Louisiana 372,152 3,407 1 381,670 3,653 1 

Maine 25,908 1,410 5 25,563 712 3 

Maryland 146,874 93 * 153,725 164 * 

Massachusetts 234,954 1,056 * 267,655 1,158 * 

Michigan 570,730 2,776 * 608,197 1,480 * 

Minnesota 130,925 1,640 1 134,694 1,268 1 

Mississippi 292,897 614 * 314,344 1,367 * 

Missouri 176,678 879 * 190,176 2,761 1 

Montana 40,609 124 * 46,626 111 * 

Nebraska 47,188 2,188 5 51,881 3,905 8 

Nevada 63,153 217 * 67,193 316 * 

New Hampshire 18,221 20 * 19,440 61 * 

New Jersey 288,986 4,463 2 -- -- -- 

New Mexico 134,080 2,155 2 140,494 1,906 1 

New York 704,157 6,159 1 769,270 1,116 * 

North Carolina 392,760 8,217 2 413,360 8,275 2 

North Dakota -- -- -- 19,365 100 1 

Ohio 486,806 858 * 500,737 977 * 

Oklahoma 278,626 2,469 1 287,127 2,258 1 

Oregon 136,593 10,029 7 137,579 9,702 7 

Pennsylvania 443,016 1,288 * 428,605 2,376 1 

Rhode Island -- -- -- 33,811 1 * 

South Carolina 258,954 422 * 272,873 524 * 

South Dakota 24,893 335 1 27,658 288 1 

Tennessee 309,952 442 * 332,137 629 * 

Texas 2,250,096 22,662 1 2,847,893 26,253 1 

Utah 75,923 1,928 3 78,625 1,661 2 

Vermont -- -- -- 30,822 218 1 

Virginia 169,166 318 * 180,207 420 * 

Washington 239,726 22,200 9 252,800 44,813 18 

West Virginia 135,065 51 * 89,855 86 * 

Wisconsin 160,244 602 * 175,914 541 * 

Wyoming -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Bureau of Indian Affairs -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Puerto Rico 493,813 11,665 2 506,007 11,790 2 

Total 16,181,816 351,549 2 16,652,399 377,787 2 

* Less than 0.5 percent. 

Note: In this table, the figures include TAS and SWP students combined, as a small number of states were unable to provide 

this information separately. The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states. In 2002-03, North Dakota, Rhode 

Island, Vermont, Wyoming and the Bureau of Indian Affairs were unable to provide this information. In 2003-04, Idaho, 

Illinois, New Jersey, Wyoming and the Bureau of Indian Affairs were unable to provide this information.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 23

Table 12 

Total Title I Participants, by Service Area, in Public Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS), 2002-03 

and 2003-04 

 2002-03 2003-04 

Service Area Number

Percent of 

All Public 

TAS Title I 

Participant

s Served Number 

Percent of 

All Public 

TAS Title I 

Participant

s Served 

Instructional Services 

Reading/Language Arts 1,865,626 79 1,864,668 83 

Mathematics 1,131,728 48 1,177,477 52 

Science 380,314 16 299,365 13 

Social Studies 307,682 13 286,490 13 

Other Instructional Services* 46,362 2 50,824 2 

Total Instructional Services 

(Duplicated Count) 3,731,712 3,678,824 

 

Supporting Services 

Guidance/Counseling/Social 

Work 289,957 12 343,274 15 

Health/Dental 254,624 11 196,258 9 

Other Supporting Services** 127,012 5 139,767 6 

Total Supporting Services 

(Duplicated Count) 671,593 679,299 

 

Unduplicated Public TAS 

Participant Count 2,367,471 2,256,428 

Note: The total instructional and supporting service figures shown in this table represent duplicated counts in that a single 

student may receive more than one of the services. The public TAS participant count is unduplicated in that it represents 

the actual number of public TAS students. For this count, each student is counted only once. 

* Other instructional services include preschool/early childhood, tutoring, vocational, reading recovery, English as a Second 

Language (ESL)/bilingual, special education, gifted and talented education, technology, and study skills, among others. 

** Other supporting services include transportation, nutrition, speech therapy, parenting, home visits, social skills, self-esteem 

building, health education, among others. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 24

Table 13 

Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) TAS Staff, by State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 

 Teachers Teacher Aides 

State 2002-03 2003-04 

% 

Change 2002-03 2003-04 

% 

Change 

Alabama 327.4 337.2 3 114.1 108.7 -5 

Alaska 74.6 105.0 41 90.0 88.0 -2 

Arizona 1,229.5 861.0 -30 850.8 621.0 -27 

Arkansas 353.0 838.0 137 -- 285.0 -- 

California 1,496.0 1,653.4 11 2,889.0 3,701.2 28 

Colorado 622.5 545.2 -12 192.3 258.6 34 

Connecticut 415.3 431.6 4 417.2 300.2 -28 

Delaware 178.1 100.6 -44 214.2 55.8 -74 

District of Columbia 1.3 5.0 285 1.0 2.0 100 

Florida -- 130.0 -- -- 122.7 -- 

Georgia 283.9 425.0 50 56.4 204.0 262 

Hawaii 1.0 13.0 1,200 1.0 47.0 4,600 

Idaho 251.0 342.3 36 319.0 642.7 101 

Illinois 2,876.7 1,623.3 -44 1,099.0 665.6 -39 

Indiana 687.1 818.0 19 906.2 842.9 -7 

Iowa 1,162.4 985.0 -15 172.0 94.3 -45 

Kansas 442.0 573.7 30 305.6 359.1 18 

Kentucky 172.0 193.0 12 194.0 152.0 -22 

Louisiana 273.3 180.0 -34 263.1 178.1 -32 

Maine 337.5 415.7 23 658.8 698.1 6 

Maryland 156.5 105.0 -33 121.2 112.0 -8 

Massachusetts 1,044.9 1,024.0 -2 440.5 369.0 -16 

Michigan 654.4 -- -- 2,865.1 -- -- 

Minnesota 1,191.0 748.4 -37 1,564.0 1,108.5 -29 

Mississippi 172.0 92.8 -46 207.0 116.6 -44 

Missouri 1,595.0 1,700.0 7 594.0 642.0 8 

Montana 361.2 423.0 17 355.4 336.1 -5 

Nebraska 298.4 291.1 -2 177.4 103.6 -42 

Nevada 27.6 23.0 -17 23.8 19.8 -17 

New Hampshire 222.1 207.6 -7 264.5 304.3 15 

New Jersey 2,284.0 2,029.7 -11 598.7 323.7 -46 

New Mexico 204.6 191.4 -6 114.8 135.5 18 

New York 7,998.0 4,987.0 -38 386.0 216.0 -44 

North Carolina 617.2 772.0 25 273.9 436.9 60 

North Dakota 415.0 428.0 3 154.0 159.0 3 

Ohio 1,665.0 1,666.0 0 291.0 274.0 -6 

Oklahoma 442.8 453.6 2 137.5 112.4 -18 

Oregon 222.9 256.4 15 477.2 561.6 18 

Pennsylvania 2,494.4 2,274.8 -9 1,049.4 983.8 -6 

Rhode Island -- 102.2 -- -- 24.2 -- 

South Carolina 112.6 89.6 -20 34.8 15.5 -55 

South Dakota 272.0 237.7 -13 137.6 109.2 -21 

Tennessee 431.4 350.7 -19 422.4 355.3 -16 

Texas 3,399.0 2,841.0 -16 881.0 886.0 1 

Utah 178.0 187.0 5 697.0 820.0 18 

Vermont -- 155.9 -- -- 69.0 -- 

Virginia 1,054.3 1,687.4 60 406.1 532.0 31 

Washington 486.6 483.7 -1 713.7 630.2 -12 

West Virginia 211.6 152.4 -28 11.3 11.3 0 

Wisconsin 1,086.9 1,197.0 10 404.1 365.5 -10 

Wyoming -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Bureau of Indian 

Affairs 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Puerto Rico 140.0 146.0 4 10.0 13.0 30 

Total 40,624.0 35,880.4 -12 22,557.1 19,573.0 -13 

Table 13 continues on the next page 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 25

Table 13 (continued) 

Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) TAS Staff, by State or Jurisdiction, 2002-03 and 2003-04 

 Administrators Support Staff Other Staff Total+ 

State 2002-03 

2003-

04 

% 

Change 2002-03 

2003-

04 

% 

Change 2002-03 

2003-

04 

% 

Change 2002-03 2003-04 

Alabama 20.4 17.0 -17 89.3 19.0 -79 22.2 37.0 67 573.4 518.9 

Alaska 10.3 15.0 46 16.3 37.0 127 6.3 0.0 -100 197.5 245.0 

Arizona 109.6 64.0 -42 390.5 163.0 -58 40.5 39.0 -4 2,620.9 1,748.0 

Arkansas 7.0 9.0 29 0.0 0.0 0 5.0 24.0 380 365.0 1,156.0 

California 148.9 138.2 -7 728.0 714.7 -2 94.0 116.4 24 5,355.9 6,323.9 

Colorado 119.3 171.0 43 54.1 171.2 216 0.0 0.0 0 988.2 1,146.0 

Connecticut 56.2 44.2 -21 41.8 37.7 -10 132.9 105.9 -20 1,063.4 919.6 

Delaware 10.4 1.9 -82 10.6 10.6 0 12.9 20.4 58 426.2 189.3 

District of Columbia 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 1.0 -- 2.3 8.0 

Florida -- 15.2 -- -- 15.1 -- -- 44.0 -- -- 327.0 

Georgia 14.9 0.0 -100 119.5 64.0 -46 0.0 0.0 0 474.7 693.0 

Hawaii 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 1.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0 2.0 61.0 

Idaho 17.3 41.8 142 60.0 32.9 -45 0.0 19.0 -- 647.3 1,078.7 

Illinois 218.3 108.1 -50 238.3 70.7 -70 187.6 75.8 -60 4,619.9 2,543.5 

Indiana 50.3 77.1 53 76.2 48.0 -37 28.7 32.0 0 1,748.5 1,818.0 

Iowa 0.0 0.0 0 31.6 19.5 -38 0.0 0.0 0 1,366.0 1,098.8 

Kansas 11.6 12.4 7 5.3 18.0 240 12.2 89.9 637 776.7 1,053.1 

Kentucky 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 366.0 345.0 

Louisiana 24.4 31.1 27 64.4 43.2 -33 16.0 31.8 99 641.2 464.2 

Maine 22.3 22.6 1 2.0 6.0 0 6.9 0.0 -100 1,027.5 1,142.4 

Maryland 2.7 11.0 307 7.7 18.0 134 9.4 18.0 91 297.5 264.0 

Massachusetts 51.8 52.0 0 19.5 44.0 126 59.1 63.0 7 1,615.8 1,552.0 

Michigan 38.0 -- -- 61.8 -- -- 0.0 -- -- 3,619.3 -- 

Minnesota 103.0 47.2 -54 56.0 29.5 -47 223.0 24.9 -89 3,137.0 1,958.5 

Mississippi 17.0 136.0 700 55.0 161.2 193 0.0 70.3 -- 451.0 576.9 

Missouri 13.0 14.0 8 38.0 47.0 24 7.0 7.0 0 2,247.0 2,410.0 

Montana 12.6 18.0 43 43.5 65.8 51 8.1 8.0 -1 780.8 850.9 

Nebraska 9.7 11.0 13 4.8 5.5 15 1.9 5.9 211 492.2 417.1 

Nevada 0.3 1.4 367 1.0 0.9 -10 0.0 0.6 0 52.7 45.7 

New Hampshire 30.1 27.2 -10 32.6 9.5 -71 38.5 6.8 -82 587.8 555.4 

New Jersey 111.4 85.7 -23 113.8 54.0 -53 0.0 87.4 -- 3,107.9 2,580.5 

New Mexico 5.2 6.0 15 16.1 36.5 127 0.0 0.0 0 340.7 369.4 

New York 610.0 143.0 -77 240.0 410.0 71 1,309.0 436.0 -67 10,543.0 6,192.0 

North Carolina 37.2 35.0 -6 44.3 57.5 30 29.0 34.8 20 1,001.6 1,336.2 

North Dakota 23.0 27.0 17 0.0 10.0 -- 24.0 15.0 -38 616.0 639.0 

Ohio 59.0 76.0 29 15.0 11.0 -27 11.0 16.0 45 2,041.0 2,043.0 

Oklahoma 17.0 17.7 4 27.8 22.6 -19 17.5 20.4 17 642.6 626.7 

Oregon 21.3 21.5 1 22.5 30.0 33 7.6 8.8 16 751.5 878.3 

Pennsylvania 97.2 99.6 2 138.2 196.7 42 20.1 26.6 32 3,799.3 3,581.5 

Rhode Island -- 7.8 -- -- 4.3 -- -- 13.1 -- -- 151.6 

South Carolina 3.7 1.5 -59 4.2 3.8 -10 2.0 2.0 0 157.3 112.4 

South Dakota 22.5 4.9 -78 44.8 1.4 -97 0.0 3.0 -- 476.9 356.2 

Tennessee 40.7 31.8 -22 24.4 17.2 -30 26.5 20.8 -22 945.4 775.8 

Texas 247.0 209.0 -15 523.0 367.0 -30 175.0 175.0 0 5,225.0 4,478.0 

Utah 9.0 15.0 67 40.0 35.0 -13 0.0 14.0 -- 924.0 1,071.0 

Vermont -- 17.0 -- -- 3.4 -- -- 9.3 -- -- 254.6 

Virginia 54.5 42.5 -22 79.3 56.0 -29 22.0 38.1 73 1,616.2 2,356.0 

Washington 28.6 21.5 -25 64.4 20.2 -69 6.2 12.3 98 1,299.5 1,167.9 

West Virginia 14.5 8.5 -41 5.4 4.9 -9 18.1 2.0 -89 260.9 179.1 

Wisconsin 40.1 44.1 10 47.5 60.6 28 20.7 12.4 -40 1,599.3 1,679.6 

Wyoming -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Bureau of Indian 

Affairs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 

Puerto Rico 3.0 3.0 0 49.0 55.0 12 0.0 0.0 0 202.0 217.0 

Total 2,564.3 2,004.5 -22 3,747.5 3,310.1 -12 2,600.9 1,787.7 -31 72,093.8 62,555.7 

* Less than 0.5 percent. 

FTE = Full-time equivalent 

+ The figures in this total column include the FTE staff reported by the states in all five staffing categories: administrators, teachers, 

teacher aides, support staff, and other. 

Note: Other staff include parent coordinator/liaison, vehicle operator, reading specialist, translator, tutor, nurse, social worker,

among others. The Bureau of Indian Affairs does not have any targeted assistance (TAS) schools. In 2002-03, Florida, 

Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wyoming were unable to provide this information. In 2003-04, Michigan and Wyoming were 

unable to provide this information.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2003-04 Page 26

Table 14

Title I Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Teachers and Teacher Aides, 1979-80 Through 2003-04 

 Teachers Teacher Aides 

Year Number 

Percent of 

Total Staff Number 

Percent of 

Total Staff 

Number of 

Total Staff 

1979-1980 77,782 40 86,826 45 194,403 

1980-1981 80,078 43 80,938 44 185,925 

1981-1982 74,786 45 67,536 40 167,748 

1982-1983 68,590 46 58,093 39 149,220 

1983-1984 68,627 46 57,479 38 150,277 

1984-1985 72,797 46 61,380 39 158,967 

1985-1986 69,014 45 59,058 39 151,936 

1986-1987 64,143 46 55,530 39 140,691 

1987-1988 65,668 46 56,078 39 143,675 

1988-1989 68,149 45 60,544 40 150,816 

1989-1990 68,554 46 61,282 41 149,275 

1990-1991 71,109 45 65,232 41 158,270 

1991-1992 77,344 45 69,806 41 171,830 

1992-1993 82,294 45 74,342 41 182,496 

1993-1994 85,565 45 77,811 40 192,165 

1994-1995 85,288 45 77,811 41 189,528 

 1995-1996+ 

 1996-1997** 60,959 46 52,182 39 132,322 

1997-1998 60,567 48 47,267 38 125,989 

1998-1999 45,661 48 34,308 36 95,104 

1999-2000 42,223 44 38,798 41 95,502 

2000-2001 41,552 44 36,561 39 93,977 

2001-2002 38,827 53 25,383 34 73,578 

2002-2003 40,624 56 22,557 31 72,094 

2003-2004 35,880 57 19,573 31 62,556 

+ No State Performance Report information was collected for the 1995-96 school year. 

** Starting with this reporting year, states were asked to report information for only Targeted Assistance (TAS) schools. In 1996-97, 

the information submitted by the states was nearly equally divided between those states which submitted information for TAS 

schools only and those which submitted information for TAS and schoolwide (SWP) combined. By the 1998-99 reporting year, all 

states indicated that the reported data was for TAS schools only. 

Note: In 2002-03, Florida, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wyoming did not submit counts of TAS FTE staff. In 2003-04, Wyoming did 

not submit counts of TAS FTE staff.