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22-3167-cr

United States v. Menadi

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A 

SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY 

FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN 

CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE 

EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION 

“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON 

ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL. 

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the 

Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 

15th day of December, two thousand twenty-three.

Present:

DENNIS JACOBS,

ROBERT D. SACK,

WILLIAM J. NARDINI,

Circuit Judges.

_____________________________________

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Appellee,

v. 22-3167-cr

MASSIMO DABUSCO, AKA MAX,

Defendant,

VITO MENADI,

Defendant-Appellant.

_____________________________________

For Appellee: ANDREW D. REICH (Susan Corkery, Frank Turner 

Buford, on the brief), Assistant United States 

Attorneys, for Breon Peace, United States Attorney 

for the Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY

For Defendant-Appellant: ADAM M. ELEWA, Whipple Azzarello, LLC, 

Morristown, NJ
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Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New

York (Dora L. Irizarry, District Judge).

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND 

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

Defendant-Appellant Vito Menadi appeals from a judgment of the United States District 

Court for the Eastern District of New York (Dora L. Irizarry, District Judge), entered on December 

16, 2022, revoking his term of probation. On January 12, 2017, Menadi pled guilty to one count 

of conspiracy to commit extortion, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a). He was later sentenced to 

five years of probation. As part of the conditions of his probation, Menadi was prohibited from 

committing a federal, state, or local crime, as well as leaving the Eastern District of New York, 

with the exception of traveling to New Jersey for employment purposes. On October 9, 2020, the 

U.S. Probation Office filed an Amended Violation Petition with the district court, which listed 

three violations of Menadi’s terms of probation. The violations stemmed from an incident on July 

13, 2020, when Menadi used a baseball bat to beat a subcontractor who was working at Menadi’s 

wife’s home in New Jersey, pressed a knife to the worker’s neck, and threatened to kill him. 

Menadi was arrested by New Jersey police and charged with state crimes for aggravated assault 

and terroristic threats. Those charges are still pending. After an evidentiary hearing in July 2022, 

the district court determined, by a preponderance of the evidence, that Menadi had violated the 

terms of his probation by committing two state crimes (Charges One and Two of the Amended 

Violation Petition) and traveling to New Jersey for non-employment purposes without permission 

(Charge Three). For Charges One and Two, the district court sentenced Menadi to twenty-four 

months of imprisonment, to be followed by three years of supervised release. For Charge Three, 
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the court sentenced Menadi to nine months of imprisonment, to run concurrently with the sentence 

for Charges One and Two. The total sentence was above the Sentencing Guidelines’ recommended 

range of twelve to eighteen months of imprisonment, but considerably below the twenty-year 

statutory maximum. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the case.

On appeal, Menadi argues that his sentence was both procedurally and substantively 

unreasonable. Like sentences generally, sentences for violations of probation are reviewed for

reasonableness, which “applies both to the sentence itself and to the procedures employed in 

arriving at the sentence.” United States v. Verkhoglyad, 516 F.3d 122, 127 (2d Cir. 2008).1

 

Menadi first argues that his sentence was procedurally unreasonable because the district 

court relied on a clearly erroneous fact in justifying his sentence, specifically that Menadi lied at 

the evidentiary hearing regarding his wife’s role in their construction company. We disagree. 

Menadi frames the district court’s findings narrowly, focusing on whether the district court erred 

in concluding that Menadi “lied” at the hearing, J. App’x at 270, because, according to the district 

court, he “testified that his wife works for the company, she handles the books, she does this and 

that for the company,” but “in [his wife’s] letter she says she doesn’t work . . . [and] [i]t is only he 

who carries out the business,” id. at 271. Viewed in context, we read the district court’s findings 

more broadly, highlighting the inherent implausibility of Menadi’s testimony regarding the way in 

which he and his wife were involved in the operation of the company, particularly in connection 

with the construction project at Menadi’s wife’s home in New Jersey. Even without taking into 

consideration the letter, Menadi’s testimony was rife with inconsistencies. For example, Menadi 

testified that he was in New Jersey only for employment purposes, as permitted by the terms of his 

1 Unless otherwise indicated, case quotations omit all internal quotation marks, alteration marks, footnotes, 

and citations.
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probation, because his wife had hired his construction company to perform renovations on the 

home. But at the same time, Menadi testified that his wife actually owned the company and used 

the proceeds from the business to pay rent on the home, suggesting that no business contract in 

fact existed, and that Menadi was in New Jersey only in his personal capacity to help renovate the 

home. See id. at 212–14. Based on Menadi’s inconsistent testimony, the district court did not 

clearly err in finding that Menadi lied at the hearing.

Moreover, the district court adequately considered the factors under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) 

and explained the other reasons for its sentence. In addition to Menadi’s lying, the district court 

noted how Menadi breached its trust by visiting New Jersey for non-employment purposes “on the 

sly,” did not even disclose that his wife had a home there, id. at 271, and most significantly, 

committed crimes of violence—a “violation of trust in the worst manner that can be imagined,”

id. at 272. Thus, the district court explicitly focused on Menadi’s breach of trust. See U.S.S.G.

ch. 7, pt. A, Introduction (explaining that “at revocation the court should sanction primarily the 

defendant’s breach of trust”). The seriousness of Menadi’s criminal conduct while on probation

was one appropriate measure of the extent to which he had breached the court’s trust. See, e.g., 

United States v. Edwards, 834 F.3d 180, 194–95 (2d Cir. 2016).

Menadi argues further that the district court did not articulate specifically why it was 

imposing an above-Guidelines sentence given that Menadi’s crimes of violence—and the 

associated breach of trust—were already captured in the Guidelines’ advisory sentencing range. 

However, the district court explained that it had “show[n] a great deal of leniency to the defendant 

at the time of the original sentence” by giving a below-Guidelines, non-carceral sentence. J. App’x 

at 271. An original lenient sentence is a valid reason to impose an above-Guidelines sentence 

upon a violation of probation. See U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4 Application Note 4; Verkhoglyad, 516 F.3d 
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at 129–30; United States v. Fleming, 397 F.3d 95, 100–01 (2d Cir. 2005). In sum, we discern no 

procedural errors in how the district court arrived at its sentence.

Turning to substantive reasonableness, this Court reviews whether the various factors

relied on by the district court “can bear the weight assigned [to them] under the totality of 

circumstances in the case.” United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 191 (2d Cir. 2008) (en banc). 

Here, these factors include Menadi lying at the evidentiary hearing and the serious breaches of 

trust he committed by repeatedly traveling without authorization to New Jersey for personal 

reasons and then brutally assaulting a worker, all against a backdrop of the district court placing 

enhanced trust in him by originally imposing a lenient sentence. Under these circumstances, the 

twenty-four-month sentence—which was six months above the top of Guidelines’ range but well 

below the twenty-year maximum—was reasonable and does not represent the “rare case” that 

would “damage the administration of justice because the sentence imposed was shockingly 

high . . . or otherwise unsupportable as a matter of law.” United States v. Rigas, 583 F.3d 108, 123 

(2d Cir. 2009).

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For the reasons stated above, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.

 FOR THE COURT:

 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk